India-EU Water PartnershipWorkshop on Water Allocation, Water Economics and Eflows

In River Basin Management

14-15 September 2016, New Delhi

“Water Allocation in India and EU Regulation, Policy Instruments and Practice

- Challenges and Possible Solutions”

Joginder SinghAdviser (Technical), NWM14th – 15th September, 2016

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation National Water Mission

India – Water Resources at a GlanceGeneral Geographical Area – 329 M.ha. % of world area - 2.44% Location - Lat. 8 deg 4 min. & 37deg 6 min. N

- Long. 68 deg 7 min. & 97 deg 25 min. E Forest cover - 21.30% Population as on 1.3.2011 (Provisional)- 1210.57 million Population as % of world population - 17.30% Annual Rainfall (2014) - 1044.7 mm

Major river basin (Catchment area more than 20,000 sq. km.) - 12 Nos

Composite river basins - 8 Nos

Water Resources Average annual precipitation - 4000 BCM Natural run-off - 1869.4 BCM Estimated utilizable surface water resources – 690 BCM Total annual utilizable water resources - 1123 BCM Per capita water availability (as on 1.3.2011)- 1545 cum. Large dams (completed) (as on 31.08.2015) - 5171 No. Storage capacity of major & medium - 253.39 BCM

completed projects Under construction project - 50.96 BCM Total live storage capacity - 304.35 BCM

Total utilizable ground water resources - 433 BCM Natural discharge during non-monsoon – 34.60 BCM Net annual GW availability - - 398.16 BCM Annual GW draft (as on 31.03.2011) - 245.05 BCM Stage of GW development - 62%

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Availability of Water and Future Demand

Availability (Average Annual in BCM) Total precipitation – 4000 Run-off - 1869 Utilizable water - 1123

Surface water - 690 Ground water - 433

Demand 2050(Assessed by NCIWRD (1999) in BCM) Irrigation – 807 Domestic - 111 Industry - 81 Other uses - 181

Total demand - 1180

Water availability – limited; – reduce demand through efficient use of water

Per capita water availability

Future Water Availability 19

51

1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

2011

2021

2031

2041

2051

2061

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

60005177

22091820

1545 1341 1140

Per capita water availability in m3/year

Water stress 1700 m3/capita/year

Water scarcity 1000 m3/capita/year

River Basins in India - CWC

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Water Resources Potential in River Basins of India

Sl.No.

River Basin Catchment Area(Sq. Km.)

Av.WRs Potential (BCM)*

Utilisable Surface WRs(BCM) **

1. Indus (up to Border) 3,21,289 73.31 46.02.(a) Ganga 8,61,452 525.02 250.02.(b) Brahmaputra 1,94,413 537.24 24.02.(c) Barak & Others 41,723 48.363. Godavari 3,12,812 110.54 76.34. Krishna 2,58,948 78.12 58.05. Cauvery 81,155 21.36 19.06. Subarnarekha 29,196 12.37 6.87. Brahamani & Baitarani 51,822 28.48 18.38. Mahanadi 1,41,589 66.88 50.09. Pennar 55,213 6.32 6.910. Mahi 34,842 11.02 3.111. Sabarmati 21,674 3.81 1.912. Narmada 98,796 45.64 34.513. Tapi 65,145 14.88 14.514. Tapi to Tadri (West flowing) 55,940 87.41 11.915. Tadri to Kanyakumari (West

flowing)56,177 113.53 24.3

16. Mahanadi to Pennar (East flowing)

86,643 22.52 13.1

17. Pennar to Kanyakumari (East flowing)

1,00,139 16.46 16.5

18. Kutch, Saurashtra & Luni (West flowing)

3,21,851 15.10 15.0

19. Inland drainage - Rajasthan - - N.A.20. Minor rivers draining –

Myanmar & Bangladesh36,202 31.00 N.A.

Total (*CWC pub- March1993,**CWC pub-August2000 )

1869.4 690.0

Live Storage Capacities of Reservoirs (Basinwise) -31.03.2013

Sl.No.

River Basin Average Annual Flow

Live Storage Capacities of Projects(BCM)Completed

Under Const.

Total

1. Indus (up to Border) 73.31 16.22 0.10 16.322.(a) Ganga 525.02 48.75 7.70 56.452.(b) Brahmaputra 537.24 1.71 0.69 2.402.(c) Barak & Others 48.36 0.32 8.99 9.313. Godavari 110.54 35.43 8.23 43.674. Krishna 78.12 50.12 4.29 54.405. Cauvery 21.36 8.98 0.02 8.996. Subarnarekha 12.37 0.76 2.39 3.157. Brahamani & Baitarani 28.48 5.07 0.47 5.548. Mahanadi 66.88 12.78 1.47 14.249. Pennar 6.32 2.81 0.44 3.2510. Mahi 11.02 5.02 0.16 5.1811. Sabarmati 3.81 1.57 0.11 1.6812. Narmada 45.64 17.81 6.84 24.6413. Tapi 14.88 9.09 1.56 10.6414. Tapi to Tadri (West flowing) 87.41 14.27 2.33 16.6015. Tadri to Kanyakumari (West

flowing)113.53 11.01 1.42 12.43

16. Mahanadi to Pennar (East flowing)

22.52 2.82 1.17 3.99

17. Pennar to Kanyakumari (East flowing)

16.46 1.60 1.70 3.31

18. Kutch, Saurashtra & Luni (West flowing)

15.10 6.83 0.51 7.33

19. Drainage – Andaman & Nicobar Islands

0.02 0.00 0.02

20. Minor rivers draining – Myanmar & Bangladesh

31.00 0.41 0.18 0.59

Total 1869.4 253.39 50.96 304.358

Water Usages

Surface WaterStorage capacity of major & medium Irrigation

completed projects(31.03.2013) - 253.39 BCMUnder construction project - 50.96 BCMTotal live storage capacity - 304.35 BCM

Ground WaterAnnual GW draft (as on 31.03.2011) - 245.05 BCM

Water AllocationAgricultural/Irrigation sector ---80% Industrial ---13% Domestic sector --- 7%

Categorization of Blocks/Mandals/Talukas in India (As on 31.03.2011)

10

Sl. No.

States/UTs Total No. of Assessed Units

Over-exploited >100 (Nos.)

Critical90<=100%(Nos.)

Semi-critical70<=100% (Nos.)

1. Andhra Pr. 662 41 7 422. Arunachal Pr. 11 0 0 03. Assam 27 0 0 04. Bihar 533 0 0 115. Chhattisgarh 146 1 2 186. Delhi 27 18 2 57. Goa 20 0 0 08. Gujarat 223 24 5 139. Haryana 116 71 15 710. Himachal Pr. 8 1 2 011. Jammu & Kashmir 14 0 0 012. Jharkhand 210 6 0 513. Karnataka 270 63 21 3414. Kerala 152 1 2 2315. Madhya Pradesh 313 24 4 6716. Maharashtra 353 10 2 1617. Manipur 8 0 0 018. Meghalaya 7 0 0 019. Mizoram 22 0 0 020. Nagaland 8 0 0 021. Odisha 314 0 0 022. Punjab 138 110 4 223. Rajasthan 243 172 24 2024. Sikkim 4 0 0 025. Tamil Nadu 1129 374 48 23526. Telengana 448 42 8 5527. Tripura 39 0 0 028. Uttar Pradesh 820 111 68 8229. Uttrakhand 18 0 2 530. West Bengal 271 0 1 53

Total States 6554 1069 217 693Total UTs 53 2 04Grand Total 6607 1071 217 697

NATIONAL WATER POLICY 2012

The National Water Policy, 2012 was adopted by the National Water Resources Council (NWRC) at its Sixth meeting held on 28th December, 2012.

Water to be managed as a common pool community resource held by the stateTo achieve food security, support livelihoodTo ensure equitable and sustainable development for all

River basin be considered as the basic hydrological unit for planning

Principle of equity and social justice Minimum ecological needs to be given due considerationEntitlement and pricing, Appropriate regulatory mechanism.

Review of State Water Policy

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NWP 2012 –PrinciplePriority for allocation of water

Safe Water for drinking and sanitation & other basic domestic needs

Food security Supporting sustenance agricultureMinimum eco-system needsOther purposes

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Main ChallengesCompletion of on going MMI/WR projects.

Water pollution/Ecological/Environmental Flows

River Basin wise Management/RegulationsWater Pricing /Water Regulatory mechanismDepletion Ground Water tableImproving Water Use EfficiencyParticipatory Water Resources ManagementAddressing Climate change issues

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Government of India Acts

Article 262 – Law provide for adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to use, distribution or control of water off, or in, any State river or river valley.

The Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 To provide for adjudication of disputes relating to water of Inter-State rivers and river

valleys 8 tribunals have been constituted under the act out of which 3 award has been finalised.

Article 246 –List-I, Union List, List-II, State List, List-III, Concurrent List

The River Board Acts 1956:-To provide for establishment of river boards for regulation and development of Inter-State rivers and river valleys. No river board formed under the Act.

The Betwa River Board Act, 1976: -An Act to provide for the establishment of a Board for the creation of a reservoir at Rajghat by construction, on behalf of the Governments of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, of a dam on the Betwa river at Rajghat and for the regulation of such reservoir.

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Government of India Acts The Brahmaputra Board Act, 1980.- An Act to provide for the

establishment of a Board for the planning implementation of measures for the control of flood and bank erosion in Brahmaputra Valley and for matters connected therewith.

Damodar Valley Corporation Act-1948: -An Act to provide for the establishment and regulation of a Corporation for the development of the Damodar Valley inthe Provinces of Bihar and West Bengal.

Bhakra Beas Management Board(BBMB):- Bhakra Management Board was constituted under section 79 of the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966. The administration, maintenance and operation of Bhakra Nangal Project were handed over to Bhakra Management Board w.e.f. 1st October 1967. Beas Project Works, transferred from Beas Construction Board (BCB) to Bhakra Management Board as per the provisions of Section 80 of the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, Bhakra Management Board was renamed as Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB) w.e.f. 15th May 1976

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Institutional -National Central Government Level

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation(NMCG,NWM): CWC, CGWB, GFCC, NWDA, BB, CWPRS, CSMRS, NIH,, FBP, NPCC, WAPCOS, NERIWALM,etc.

Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change CPCB,RCD Ministry of Rural Development Ministry of Drinking water and Sanitation Ministry of Power NITI Aayog

Bhakhra Beas Management Board(BBMB)- MoP Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC)- MoP Narmada Control Authority(NCA) Sardar Sarovar Construction Advisory Committee(SSCAC) Bansagar Control Board Tungbhadra Board Uppar Yamuna River Board Polavarm(Indira Sagar) Project Authority-Godavari State Governments Level

WRD/ID, CADA, SPCB,GW dept., Flood, PWD

Stakeholders – Operation & maintenance Water User Associations / Panchayati Raj Institutions Non Government Organisations

16

Narmada BasinWater and power benefits to be share between party states were decided by the Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal, Award notified 12.12.1997. NCA and SSCAC constituted to implement the award. The main features of water allocation and its utilization are given below:Party

StatesAnnual Utilizable Water Share of Party States

Share of Utilizable flow during the year 2013-14

Withdrawals for Different Uses 2013-14

Irrigation Domestic Industrial

Total

MAF MCM MCM(MAF) MCM MCM MCM MCM

Madhya Pr. 18.25 22,511 48,260.4(39.12)

7,616.60 252.90 14.20 7,883.70

Gujarat 9.00 11,101 23,799.7(19.29)

4,658.70 1,796.30 66.14 6,521.14

Maharashtra

0.25 308 661.1(0.0) 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00

Rajasthan 0.50 616 1,322.2(1.07) 512.59 0.0 0.0 512.59

Total 28.00* 34,536 74,043.4(60.02)

12,787.9 2,049.2 80.3 14,917.4

Average WR

*75% Dependability

45,640

Cauvery Basin

Party States Annual Utilizable Water Share

TMC MCMTamil Nadu 419 11865Karnataka 270 7645Kerala 30 850Puducherry(UT)

7 198

Total 726 20,558

Krishna Basin

Party States Annual Utilizable Water Share

TMC MCMAndhra Pradesh(undivided)

811 22,965Karnataka 734 20,785Maharashtra 585 16565Total 2130 60,315

• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)• Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)- completion of MMI projectsHar Khet ko Pani(Water for every farm)• Benefit provided to about 290 major & medium irrigation projects. 99

priority projects.• Command Area Development; • Ground water development; • Creating and rejuvenating traditional water storage systems Per Drop More Crop• Preparation of State/District Irrigation Plan, Promoting efficient water conveyance and

precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm.Watershed Development• MoRD management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation

activities on watershed, traditional water bodies.National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG):

(a) ensuring effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga.(b) maintaining environmental flows in the river Ganga with the aim of ensuring water quality and environmentally sustainable development.NAQIUM

Government of India initiatives/schemes

National Action Plan on Climate ChangeSurface temp. increase-0.4 degree C in past centuryRain fall-all India no significant trendExtreme weather eventsa rising trend in frequency of heavy rain eventsA significant decrease in the frequency of moderate events

over central India(1951-2000)Rise in sea level-1.06-1.75 mm per yearHimalayan – recession of some Glaciers may impact long

term lean season flows

National Missions-NAPCC S.N

Mission Objective Responsible Entity

1. # National Solar Mission 20,000 MW of solar power by 2020 Ministry of New & Renewable Energy

2. # National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

10,000 MW of EE savings by 2020 Ministry of Power

3. $ National Mission for Sustainable Habitat

EE in residential and commercial buildings, public transport Solid waste management

Ministry of Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation

4. $ National Water Mission Water conservation, integrated river basin management

Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation

5. $ National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem

Conservation and adaptation practices global monitoring

Ministry of Science & Technology

6. $ National Mission for a Green India

6 million hectares of afforestation over degraded forest lands by the end of 12th Plan

Ministry of Environment , Forests & Climate Change

7. $ National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

Drought proofing , risk management, agricultural research

Ministry of Agriculture

8. $ National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

Vulnerability assessment, Research & observation, data management

Ministry of Science & Technology

9. *National Coastal Mission Integrated Coastal Zone Management Ministry of Earth Sciences

10.

*National Health Mission Addressing adverse effect of climate change on health

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare

# Missions focussed on `Mitigation’ $ Missions focussed on `Adaptation’*New Missions proposed in Fourth Executive Meeting on Climate Change held on 02.05.2015.

National Water Mission

The National Water Mission was set up as one of the 8 missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) 2008, with the objective“Conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring its more equitable distribution both across and within States through integrated water resources development and management. ”

Goal–I: Comprehensive data base in public domain and assessment of impact of climate change on water resource,

Goal– I: Promotion of citizen and state actions for water conservation, augmentation and preservation,

Goal-III: Focussed attention on vulnerable areas including over-exploited areas,

Goal-IV: Increasing water use efficiency by 20%, Goal-V: Promotion of basin level integrated water resources management.

National Water Mission - Goals

NWICRiver basin wise Climate change Impact assessment studiesRiver basin Water availability studies HRD Capacity building, involvement of stakeholders including NGO Attention on vulnerable areas including over-exploited areas, completion of Projects benefiting drougt prone and rain deficit areas.IWRMState Water Missions: For coordination in the State within different Deptt. like Department of Water Resources, Irrigation, Department of Agriculture, Ground water Urban development, Rural Development, Industries etc.

Preparation of State-Specific Action Plans(SSAP)for Water Sector

Twelve States namely, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha and Tamil Nadu have been requested to prepare their State Specific Action Plans, in the 1st phase.

Present water use efficiency in case of Irrigation projects(MMI) is about 38%.

to give priority to Water Management and its conservation, improving water use efficiency in agriculture, industry or domestic sectors.

A scoping study on the Water Use Efficiency for the Major-Medium Irrigation Projects has been completed in association with Asian Development Bank (ADB). The report has been circulated to all the State Governments and uploaded on the website of MoWR, RD & GR for implementation.

Increasing Water use efficiency

Thanks