nanochemistry course oslo university · 30.10.2006 nanochemistry uio 1 r. nesper eth zÜrich &...
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30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 1
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Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)
CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
ETH main building
Nanochemistry Course Oslo University
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 2
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UM Synthesis, Structures, Properties & Applications
• World & Nanoworld - philosophy, general definitions, hopes, challenges
• Physico-Chemical Considerationsband structures, typical “nano effects”
• Colloids + General Syntheses of Nanoparticles• Fullerenes, C-nanotubes and other carbon-related matter• Oxidic nanotubes and nanofibers• Future Energy and Nanosciences• Other Inorganic Nanotubes + Fibers • Nano Clusters • Bio-Nano Aspects • Risk Discussion
Nanochemistry Course Oslo University
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 3
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Where are We
and
where is the Nano World?
1 – 100 nm
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 4
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The Nano World The Nano World
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 5
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30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 6
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Why
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 7
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Nano World part of colloid world
1 – 100 nm
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 8
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Colloids
Roman gold glasses
Colloids
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 10
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Size-dependent Properties
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 11
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Ways to the Nano World
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 12
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Bottom up to Nano
Nucleation processes
Stable nucleus
Size of nucleus r
H
L
£S
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 13
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Nanoparticles and Size Effects
Size : 1 –100 nm
Surface to volume ratio : critical
optical properties : f(size)
magnetism : f(size)
electronic properties : f(size)
cooperative properties : f(size)
clusters
tubes
hollow spheroids
tori
integration density of functions : very large
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 14
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Nano Particles
Electrons in the Nano WorldElectrons and Dimensions
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 16
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The powders obtained as described above were dispersed in methanol using mild sonication, then etched with solutions of 0.5–4% HF and 20–30% HNO3 in water to reduce the particle size and passivate the particle surface. Acid solutions were prepared from 49 to 51 wt% HF, 70% HNO3, and DI water in the necessary proportions. After etching, the particles were collected on polymeric membrane filters and washed with water and methanol.
Examples: Nano-Silicon
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 17
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The Nano World
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 18
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Size of Nano Particles and Luminescence
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 19
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NanotechnologyNanotechnology
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 20
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Development of Nanotechnology
30.10.2006 Nanochemistry UIO 21
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Nanotechnology – quo vadis?