December 11, 2007December 11, 2007

Why is Rodent Control Why is Rodent Control so Important ?so Important ?

Loss & Destruction of foodLoss & Destruction of food 1982-reported 42M tons of food ($30B); 1/5-1/3 of world’s 1982-reported 42M tons of food ($30B); 1/5-1/3 of world’s

food supply does not reach tablefood supply does not reach table

Gnawing DamageGnawing Damage 2% of daily activities; incisor growth is continual, Moh’s scale 2% of daily activities; incisor growth is continual, Moh’s scale

(5.5), estimate ½ of fires declared undetermined origin from (5.5), estimate ½ of fires declared undetermined origin from rodents rodents

Human Disease & AllergensHuman Disease & Allergens Harbor / transport disease, pathogens, microorganisms, Harbor / transport disease, pathogens, microorganisms,

ectoparasitesectoparasites

Loss of businessLoss of business Word of mouth, public health postingWord of mouth, public health posting

What are the three most What are the three most common rodents Orkin common rodents Orkin deals with?deals with?

3 most common rodents3 most common rodents

Norway ratNorway rat Roof ratRoof rat House mouse House mouse Honorable mention: shrews, voles, deer Honorable mention: shrews, voles, deer

mice, lemmings, jumping micemice, lemmings, jumping mice

House MouseHouse Mouse Originates from Central Asia Originates from Central Asia #1 rodent pest in most parts of the world#1 rodent pest in most parts of the world Smallest of the 3 – about 2-3½ inches long (head Smallest of the 3 – about 2-3½ inches long (head

and body)and body) Weighs about 14-28gWeighs about 14-28g Gestation: 18-21 daysGestation: 18-21 days Avg of 5-6 mice/litterAvg of 5-6 mice/litter Lifespan up to 2yrsLifespan up to 2yrs Breed rapidly, tolerant of many conditions, adjust Breed rapidly, tolerant of many conditions, adjust

quickly to environquickly to environ

Norway RatNorway Rat

Originated in Central Asia Originated in Central Asia Large – head and body Large – head and body

about 16 inches long about 16 inches long Avg weight 340gAvg weight 340g Gestation: 21-25 daysGestation: 21-25 days Avg of 6-12 pups/ litterAvg of 6-12 pups/ litter Lifespan 1yrLifespan 1yr Neophobic natureNeophobic nature

Roof RatRoof Rat

Also known as black rat, Also known as black rat, ship ratship rat

16 inches long 16 inches long Avg weight 226gAvg weight 226g Tail longer than the bodyTail longer than the body Sleeker appearanceSleeker appearance Prefer elevated areas/ more elusivePrefer elevated areas/ more elusive Tropical / costal areas predominantly Tropical / costal areas predominantly

Why do rodents infest Why do rodents infest structures?structures?

Colder weather drives them indoorsColder weather drives them indoors Changes to their natural habitatChanges to their natural habitat Food and water availabilityFood and water availability PopulationPopulation Shipped with productShipped with product

Why do rodents infest structures?

What are the different What are the different ways of identifying ways of identifying rodent infestations?rodent infestations?

Identifying Rodent Identifying Rodent InfestationsInfestations

Gnawing Damage Gnawing Damage DroppingsDroppings Rub MarksRub Marks Damaged ProductsDamaged Products Burrowing Burrowing NestsNests Odor Odor

GnawingGnawing

Rub/ Grease MarksRub/ Grease Marks

Oil and dirt rub off of a rat’s coat when it Oil and dirt rub off of a rat’s coat when it rubs against things. These grease marks rubs against things. These grease marks build up in often used runways and soon build up in often used runways and soon become noticeable. These marks are become noticeable. These marks are commonly found along wall/floor commonly found along wall/floor junctions, on pipes and ceiling joists, and junctions, on pipes and ceiling joists, and on sill plates. on sill plates.

Damaged ProductDamaged Product

Burrowing/ Nesting Burrowing/ Nesting

The Five Steps to ControlThe Five Steps to Control

1.1. Seek out the source of infestationSeek out the source of infestation

2.2. Identify conducive conditions for the Identify conducive conditions for the existing and any potential infestationexisting and any potential infestation

3.3. Communicate with the customer to Communicate with the customer to resolve the infestationresolve the infestation

4.4. Proper use of control devicesProper use of control devices

5.5. ““Documentation”Documentation”

Rodent entry areasRodent entry areas

Openings around utility lines that enter the Openings around utility lines that enter the facility (i.e. water lines, air conditioning ducts, facility (i.e. water lines, air conditioning ducts, drain pipes, vents, etc.)drain pipes, vents, etc.)

Spaces beneath doorsSpaces beneath doors Broken windows and unscreened ventsBroken windows and unscreened vents Check roofs to see that fascia boards and Check roofs to see that fascia boards and

shingles are fastened tight and sheathing and shingles are fastened tight and sheathing and flashing is completeflashing is complete

Check chimneys for entry areasCheck chimneys for entry areas

Rodent survival needsRodent survival needs

FoodFood WaterWater ShelterShelter WarmthWarmth

When seeking the source and identifying When seeking the source and identifying conducive conditions, it is often most conducive conditions, it is often most helpful to think in terms of the rodents’ helpful to think in terms of the rodents’ requirements for survival first. Survey the requirements for survival first. Survey the building and identify all of the areas building and identify all of the areas where food is available. A rodent’s nest where food is available. A rodent’s nest will usually have food that is nearby and will usually have food that is nearby and accessible.”accessible.”

““Control Methods”Control Methods”

Glue boardsGlue boards Mechanical trapsMechanical traps Exterior rodent bait and bait stationsExterior rodent bait and bait stations Interior rodent bait and bait stationsInterior rodent bait and bait stations

GlueboardsGlueboards

Mechanical trapsMechanical traps

Exterior rodent bait and Exterior rodent bait and bait stationsbait stations

Interior rodent bait and Interior rodent bait and bait stationsbait stations

Structure Infesting FliesStructure Infesting Flies

House FlyHouse Fly

Biology

- Most Common of all flies;- Have 4 longitudinal stripes on the pronotum or thorax;- Large, bulbous, multi-faceted eyes;- A pair of transparent wings;- Adults range from 4 to 7.5 mm in length; females are generally larger than males -Why concerned?- Attach themselves to garbage or rotting material;-Transmit a wide variety of diseases;- Can move quickly from waste and unsanitary conditions to food or utensils;

House FlyHouse Fly

Tips for Prevention & Control All Flies Except Drain Flies

- Clean all drains and sink areas- Replace broken windows and screens- Reduce the presence of ripe fruits and vegetables; place them in a refrigerator or a paper bag- Create an air current to prevent them from landing in their favourite areas- Close the lids on all garbage and waste containers

Blow or Bottle FlyBlow or Bottle Fly

Appearance

-Blow flies are often metallic in appearance, - Have feathery hairs on the terminal antennal segments of the males. - Adult blow flies have sponge-like mouth parts, while maggots have hook-like mouth parts.

Blow or Bottle FlyBlow or Bottle Fly

Behavior, Diet & Habits

- To date, there are approximately 80 species of blow flies in North America.-Blow flies are attracted to decaying meat and are typically the first organisms to come into contact with dead animals. - The meat of dead animals is essential for larval survival and growth. - They are also attracted to plants that give off the smell of rotting meat and as such, can be a pollinator for those plants.

Blow or Bottle FlyBlow or Bottle Fly

Signs of a Blow Fly Infestation

-The most common signs of blow flies are either the adults themselves or their larvae.  - The adults may be seen resting on surfaces or buzzing around potential food or odor sources. - The larvae may be observed when they crawl out of the breeding material to pupate.

Cluster FliesCluster Flies

Biology

- Cluster flies, also known as attic flies, are household pests. - Adults measure 8 to 10 millimeters in length and have light and dark grey-checkered abdomens. - Cluster flies are slightly larger and darker than the common housefly and move more sluggishly.-They appear on the sunny side of the structure in heaviest concentrations in late fall and early winter, as they seek warm locations in which to live during cold months.

Drain FliesDrain Flies

Physical Appearance:

-Drain flies are very small (typically 2 to 5 mm in length), light grey or tan colored flies with short body and leaf shaped wings. - The body and wings are covered with small hair which gives it a fuzzy appearance. - Wings are too large when compared to the body, drain flies fold their wings in a characteristic roof like pattern.

Drain FliesDrain Flies

Behavior & Habitat:

- Drain Flies are typically nocturnal insects and are associated with damp habitats. - They are not very good at flying, they fly in a jerky, irregular pattern. - Adults can be spotted resting on walls and ceilings of the infested areas. Another important thing about them is that they do not bite.

Drain FliesDrain Flies

How to Get Rid of Drain Flies1. Keep the drains clean and clog free.2. Make sure that there is no stagnant water in your bathroom or kitchen.3. Occasionally spray IGR (Insect Growth Regulator) in your drains. IGR spray prevents the drain fly eggs from breaking out of the larvae stage and hence can greatly reduce the chances of any future infestation.

Bed Bug Control Bed Bug Control

Male Common Bed BugMale Common Bed Bug

““Bed bugs probably received its name by Bed bugs probably received its name by being historically know as a bloodsucker being historically know as a bloodsucker that feeds on humans sleeping in bed at that feeds on humans sleeping in bed at night. The bed bug primarily attacks night. The bed bug primarily attacks humans but can feed on any warm-humans but can feed on any warm-blooded animal such as birds, mice and blooded animal such as birds, mice and pets.”pets.”

““What is causing an increased What is causing an increased bed bug infestation across bed bug infestation across

Canada?”Canada?”

““There is no There is no definite answer to definite answer to

the question”the question”However, it is believed that because people are However, it is believed that because people are traveling internationally and much more frequently they traveling internationally and much more frequently they are likely to encounter more insects, such as bed bugs. are likely to encounter more insects, such as bed bugs. Therefore a more reasonable explanation is that bed Therefore a more reasonable explanation is that bed bugs are likely to be found in dwellings with a high rate bugs are likely to be found in dwellings with a high rate of occupant turnover. Another reason may be the of occupant turnover. Another reason may be the reduction of residual insecticide spraying by pest reduction of residual insecticide spraying by pest control companies and home owners. control companies and home owners.

““However, bed bugs are not just However, bed bugs are not just transported by peopletransported by people.”.”

Used furnitureUsed furniture LuggageLuggage ClothingClothing AirplanesAirplanes

““Identification”Identification”

Adults are about 4-5mm” longAdults are about 4-5mm” long Flat (nearly as wide as long)Flat (nearly as wide as long) Oval in shape (compared to most other Oval in shape (compared to most other

insects)insects) Mostly brown in color or reddish brown Mostly brown in color or reddish brown

after feeding)after feeding)

““Description”Description”

““A bed bug is small. It’s about the size of a A bed bug is small. It’s about the size of a pencil eraser. It hides during the day and pencil eraser. It hides during the day and comes out during the night to look for comes out during the night to look for food. As they feed, they turn a dark red food. As they feed, they turn a dark red and can swell to the size of a ladybug”and can swell to the size of a ladybug”

What do they look like?What do they look like?

Immature adult

Adults

Nymph: miniature of the adults Engorged adult

What do they look like?What do they look like?

Oval, flatten bodyShiny, reddish to brown body becoming bright red after blood meal

Pointed piercing mouth part

4-5mm longNo functional wings

““Biology”Biology”

““Female bed bugs will lay 1-5 eggs per day and can Female bed bugs will lay 1-5 eggs per day and can lay over 500 eggs over a lifetime. Each bed bug lay over 500 eggs over a lifetime. Each bed bug will molt its shell five times as it grows and a blood will molt its shell five times as it grows and a blood meal is required for each molt. If blood meals meal is required for each molt. If blood meals become scarce, bed bugs can slow their life become scarce, bed bugs can slow their life process until a blood meal is found. Under ideal process until a blood meal is found. Under ideal conditions, the egg to adult cycle takes about 21 conditions, the egg to adult cycle takes about 21 days. With normal feedings, the adult bed bug days. With normal feedings, the adult bed bug lives about one year”lives about one year”

Sample Infestation Sample Infestation ScenarioScenario

48

““Do Bed Bugs transmit Do Bed Bugs transmit diseases?”diseases?”

““Although bed bugs may carry different Although bed bugs may carry different diseases, transmission to humans has diseases, transmission to humans has not been proven”not been proven”

““What are some of the What are some of the signs of bed bug signs of bed bug infestation?”infestation?”

How you know when How you know when you have an infestationyou have an infestation

Small brownish or reddish spots on bed linens

Fecal / blood spots on harborage sites

Live bedbugs, eggs, and castings

Inspection sitesInspection sites

Mattress and box springs of bedsMattress and box springs of beds Any crack and crevice in the bed frameAny crack and crevice in the bed frame Behind wall hangingsBehind wall hangings Night standsNight stands Stuffed furnitureStuffed furniture Under and behind baseboardsUnder and behind baseboards Behind loose wallpaperBehind loose wallpaper Light switchesLight switches Door and window framesDoor and window frames

““Treatment”Treatment”

Steam treatmentsSteam treatments VacuumingVacuuming PesticidePesticide Prevention and EducationPrevention and Education

““What to do with bedding or What to do with bedding or clothing?”clothing?”

Have cleaned by a professional cleanerHave cleaned by a professional cleaner Wash in high temperatureWash in high temperature If laundry is brought off site do not return If laundry is brought off site do not return

with it in the same bagwith it in the same bag

The initial treatment The initial treatment should be followed up should be followed up with an inspection 7 to with an inspection 7 to 10 days after the initial 10 days after the initial treatmenttreatment

“ “Questions”Questions”Call Orkin at 800-800-ORKIN (6754)Call Orkin at 800-800-ORKIN (6754)