Федеральное государственное автономное …the national research...

Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

"Национальный исследовательский университет "Высшая школа экономики"

Факультет компьютерных наук Департамент программной инженерии

Рабочая программа дисциплины Прикладной системный анализ

(на английском языке) Applied System Analysis

для образовательной программы «Системная и программная инженерия»

направления подготовки 09.04.04 «Программная инженерия» уровень - магистр

Разработчик программы Дегтярев К.Ю., к.т.н., доцент, [email protected] Одобрена на заседании департамента программной инженерии «___»____________ 2018 г.

Руководитель департамента Авдошин С.М. ________________ Рекомендована Академическим советом образовательной программы

«___»____________ 2018 г., № протокола _________________ Утверждена « ___ »____________ 2018 г. Академический руководитель образовательной программы

Дегтярев К.Ю. _________________

Москва, 2018

Настоящая программа не может быть использована другими подразделениями университета и другими вузами без разрешения подразделения-разработчика программы.

The National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)

Программа дисциплины “Прикладной системный анализ” (Applied System Analysis) для направления

09.04.04 “Программная инженерия” подготовки магистра

(Master program “System and Software Engineering”) - ENG -

--- ASA | 2018-2019 academic year { page 2 }

Course Information

Author of the Program: Assoc. Prof., PhD. Konstantin Y. Degtyarev (responsible lecturer)

Course Title in English: Applied System Analysis

1 Field of Application and Regulations

The course "Applied System Analysis" ("System and Software Engineering" MS Program, 1st year) syllabus lays down minimum requirements for student’s knowledge and skills; it also provides description of both contents and forms of training and assessment in use. The course is offered to students of the Master Program "System and Software Engineering" (area code 09.04.04) in the Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science (FCS) of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE). The course is a part of MS curriculum pool of compulsory courses (1st year, Base Clause – General Scientific disciplines of the 2018-2019 academic year’s curriculum, M.1 – General Courses of Specialization (Цикл об-

щих дисциплин направления)), and it is a four-module course (semester A quartile 1 thru semester B quartile 4). The duration of the course amounts to 64 class periods (both lectures and seminars) divided into 24 Lecture hours (L) and 40 Seminar (S) hours. Besides, 126 academic hours are set aside to students for Self-Studying (SS). Total number of course hours is equal to 190 (64 + 126).

The syllabus (course program) is prepared for teachers responsible for the course (or, closely

related disciplines), teaching assistants, students enrolled on the ASA course as well as experts and statutory bodies carrying out assigned or regular accreditations in accordance with

Educational standard of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of the higher professional education "National Research University "The Higher School of Economics" (HSE) / Educational course area code 09.04.04 "Software Engineering", MS degree level, Record № 50, 06.12.2013 (appr. by the HSE Academic Council),

MS curriculum (sp. "System and Software Engineering", area code 09.04.04, approved on 06.05.2016), http://asav.hse.ru/plans.html?login=web&password=web , 2018-2019 academic year, http://asav.hse.ru/basicplans.html?faculty=&regdepartment; HSE SE Standard (MS degree level): http://www.hse.ru/data/2015/05/08/1098813779/%D0%9E%D0%A1_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%9F%

D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0

%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.pdf ,

2 Course Objectives

The main objective of the course "Applied System Analysis" is to present, examine and discuss with students fundamentals and principles of both System Analysis and Systems Thinking that emerged in response to (1) steadily growing complexity of managerial type problems arising in various areas of day-to-day human activity, (2) necessity to present (viz. to develop model(s) whether it is mental or formal one(s)) and to assess emerged situations complemented with a search for acceptable solutions (problem solving).

It is quite clear that Systems Analysis is of scientific significance in its own right, full-fledged academic discipline having established theoretical background, specific formal tools and a range of applied problems to deal with. Despite the fact that System Analysis (SA) and its practical orientation Applied Systems Analysis (ASA) form a fervid point at issue for a quite long time, there is no certain common comprehension and general approach to present SA and its practical applicability from interdisciplinary viewpoint within the scope of university courses, text-books (or, manuals). As an integrate, the objective of the course can be thought as a combination of the following constituents:






discussion of historical and methodological preconditions for the rise of system analysis, familiarity with peculiarities of both General System Theory and Cybernetics as applied

areas related to general description of organization and control within systems, understanding of the notion of system and origin of system properties, classification of

systems, structural aspects of systems, systems complexity, general-system regularities as well as the framework of system analysis (SA) as the most significant area of applied system studies, specificity of applied systems analysis and systems thinking,

understanding of the mission (goal-oriented nature / purposefulness) and effectiveness of systems, goals and difficulties with goal-setting, importance of goals analysis, criteria definition, accounting of stakeholder interests, use of heuristic methods in problem solving

(viz. informal analysis), understanding of the role of models (modeling) in SA, SA base methods, «hard» system

methodology, SA tools; discussion of some approaches to (re)solving problem situations, particularities of optimization tasks, multi-criteria problems (arranging key factors for the problem under study in a hierarchic structure / AHP method), decision-making under uncertainty (fuzzy case),

obtaining skills in utilizing «soft» systems thinking (SST) techniques in problem solving (decision support in real-world complex problems), examination of SSM («soft» system methodology) stages, decision-making based on soft models, role of system approach to problem solving.

It should be emphasized that from the standpoint of course’s seminar organization the main aim is to provide more detailed knowledge of systems principles, modeling («hard» system analysis tools), systems thinking (ST) and systems thinking tools (e.g. causal loop diagrams). The matter is related to shaping student competences of systems thinking, because it allows to take a view in a new way of habitual (and frequently recurrent) managerial (organizational) problems and the role of people (participants) in such problems – one of main ST propositions states that «everything and everybody are linked up into indefinitely complex network of systems». Seminar examples (case studies) can be done individually or in small groups (two to three students); these exercises may include programming activity and stipulate thinking over certain problem’s points, substantiation (defense) of answers (theoretical schemes), discussion of Applied SA techniques (study of multistage chain of actions starting from problem statement to decision making and potential improving interference).

3 Learning Outcomes

While mastering the course material, the student will

understand historical and methodological preconditions for rise of System Analysis (SA), peculiarities of both general system theory and cybernetics as applied disciplines related to general description of organization and control within various systems,

know what the system is and what systems properties are, the structure (framework) of system analysis as an area of applied systems studies, specificities of both applied system analysis and systems thinking, system-wide regularities and technology of ASA,

understand the role of models (modeling) in system analysis, main aims of system analysis as a methodology of problem solving (as a process of step-by-step establishing priorities of problem’s constituents), particularities of multi-criteria problems, decision-making under uncertainty, consider system approach as a methodological base for software design process, identify systems and their components, think in «big picture» terms while analyzing the problem,






have a clear notion about systems modeling, types (representation forms) of models, so-called «hard» и «soft» system methodologies, perceive modeling objectives and its base role in studies and research,

obtain necessary skills to diagnose the problem, see both patterns and trends in a problem, gain insights about our role in problems we experience, discover (systemic) structure behind a pattern of behavior,

acquire practical skills in using «hard» (formal) models, systems thinking tools (e.g. Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD), mind maps), «defend» their own elaborated approaches and solutions while working on problem’s solution individually and/or in small groups (collaborative efforts) [option – only if access is provided] master practical work with one of software products aimed at analysis

of complex systems functioning (elaboration of scenarios «what will happen, if…»),

acquire skills of analyzing and solving semistructured and unstructured problems, heuristic methods of problem solving, gain experience in reading, understanding and presenting in their own words (ad-lib report in a condensed form) the main point of selected scientific papers (in English).

In short, the course contributes to the development of the following professional competencies: (1) research activities (the ability to manage self-paced and/or team work on research projects, read and analyze publications in English and use acquired knowledge in practice), (2) project activities (the ability to handle project work in a systematic way, develop appropriate descriptive model(s), conduct (mainly) qualitative analysis, (3) technical activities (the ability to apply state-of-the-art approaches (technologies) in course of problem solving and software development) – refer to HSE Educational Standard.

In general, the course contributes to the development of the following competencies:

Competencies

FSES/HSE (ФГОС/ НИУ) code (Rus.

abbrev.)

Descriptors – main mastering features (indicators of result

achievement)

Training forms and methods contributing to the formation and

development of competence

Ability to evaluate, process, analyze and synthesize scientific methods as well as various forms of activity to utilize in practice

Ability to offer concepts, models, to build and test new methods and tools to practice in his(her) professional activity

Ability to study new research methods, to change scientific and industrial profiles of his(her) activity

Ability to develop and to improve his(her) intellectual and cultural level, to build the trajectory of professional development and career

Ability to analyze and verify the completeness of the information obtained from

СК-M1

СК-M2

СК-M3

СК-M4

СК-M6

The student should know

- the basic methods and techniques of scientific studies (research),

- a methodology of complex systems modeling, - models of information (knowledge) representation, decision-making approaches under uncertainty (incompleteness of available information), - general optimization methods, analysis of solutions obtained.

The student should be able

- to carry out methodological justification of scientific research, - to master and apply modern research methods to draw conclusions concerning practical problems, - to model complex systems, make

Lectures and tutorials, question-answer sessions, self-study activity of students (the study of theoretical material and optional implementation of the programs offered as additional assignments) as well as preparation of homework* that includes analysis of a given problem, proposed solutions, drawing conclusions, etc., presentation of the work done.

* All constituents of the Homework (1) are summarized in written






Competencies

FSES/HSE (ФГОС/ НИУ) code (Rus.

abbrev.)

Descriptors – main mastering features (indicators of result

achievement)

Training forms and methods contributing to the formation and

development of competence

different sources in the professional activity, synthesize the missing information, if necessary

decisions (optimal, quasi-optimal, acceptable) based on those models.

The student must possess

- the skills of logical and methodological analysis of scientific research and its results,

- the skills in the development of new solutions of professional, social and economic problems arising in professional activities.

report (2 reports per course) in the form of IEEE papers (presentation format).

Ability to identify and translate general goals in a professional and social activities

Ability to build a professional career, business and make a choice being guided by the principles of social responsibility

Ability to generate new ideas and products; student is reative and takes initiative

СЛК-M4

СЛК-M7

СЛК-M8

Ability to carry out the analysis, synthesis and optimization of solutions to ensure quality of professional activity

Ability to organize individual and group research work

Ability to utilize modern psycho-pedagogical approaches in professional activity

ИК-М1.2

ИК-М1.3

ИК-М6.1

4 The Course within the Program’s Framework

The course "Applied System Analysis" belongs to the MS curriculum pool of compulsory courses (1st year, М.1.Б section / Base Clause – General Scientific disciplines М.1 of the 2018-2019 academic year’s curriculum). It is offered in semester A quartile 1 (module 1 according to HSE classification) and semester B quartile 4 (module 4). The overall duration of the course amounts to 190 (64+126) hours; 64 = 12 (module_1) + 12 (module_2) + 20 (module_3) + 20 (module_4). Normally, one class equals to 4 academic hours (period 06:10 to 09:00pm). Academic control forms include

(1) two classroom (written) quizzes (WQ) covering 1-2 questions each (free-form answers) is offered in Module 2 (e.g. October-December 2018) – their results are taken into account in calculations of the intermediate standing (end of Module 2) in the course,

(2) Course Examination (CE), which implies (option 1) computer-based testing + written test or (option 2) just written test only in the end of 2nd module (December 2018). Date and time are discussed with students and the Manager of the Educational Program / Departmental Office of Studies (Department of Software Engineering); material to be covered by CE is fully determined by both course schedule and topics discussed in the course by corresponding date,

(3) one Homework Assignment (HW) (course’s Homework (HW)) to be prepared within the period that starts from the middle of the Module 2 (appr. December 1st 2018) and ends by (appr.) March 26th – March 29th, 2019. All necessary details and exact dates will be discussed in the class. Written reports in the form of IEEE, Elsevier or Springer LNCS publ. papers that follow

certain format templates – see https://www.overleaf.com/gallery/tagged/academic-journal, have to be






prepared and submitted in the electronic form to the instructor through HSE Learning Management System (LMS)); HW contains 1 (one) task that is related to field of IT, Computer or Software Engineering (topic that relates to your professional activity),

(4) Final Examination (FE) is composed of HW report(s) (papers) oral presentation (.ppt file is a MUST requirement for students!) and questions-answers session arranged after the presentation (April-June 2019; follow the schedule to be announced in March 2019 / Module 3).

Prerequisites

It is presupposed that all students enrolled on the course completed corresponding full-time

Bachelor’s degree training programs and were selected (based on either portfolio tenders, or other core performance indices) to continue their MS education in the educational program “Software Engineering”. Therefore, no other special requirements, apart from those that are just mentioned, are put forth.

5 Course Contents (Main Topics)

NOTE: The lectures and seminars are given to one group of students (i.e. dividing into subgroups is not stipulated). Therefore, the discussion of lecture material and seminar topics can be arranged in more flexible manner allowing to alternate lectures and seminars as necessary.

№ Title of the topic / lecture Hours (total

number)

Hours (lectures and seminars) Unsupervised work – Self-studying (hours) Lectures Seminars

Module #1 (12 academic hours / 12 + 0 ) September - October, 2018

1-2

Introduction and Overview of the Course. Origins of Systems Analysis. Notions of System and

Systems Thinking. Definitions of System and Systems Engineering. Classification of Systems; SPE-pyramid (grasping system’s structure), causal schemes, examples

14 4 - 10

3-4

Organizations and System approach. Systems and Complexity. Models of Systems

(static/dynamic models). Hard and Soft Methodologies in the Analysis of Systems (discussed throughout the course) (beg.)

16 4 - 12

5-6

(cn-d.) System Methodologies. Mental Models. Properties of Systems. Specific features of Applied System Analysis. SA Base Methods (stages) (beg.). Stakeholder Analysis

16 4 - 12

Module #2 (12 academic hours / 8 + 4 ) October - December, 2018

7-8

SA Base Methods (stages) (cn-d.). Use of Structural Analysis (StrA) Methods in Systems Studying. System Analysis Tools (beg.)

16 4 - 12






9 System Analysis Tools (con-d.). Examples, Case Study(Vendor/ Technology selection)

16 2 2 12

(A) Problem Situation. Optimization problems

16 2 2 12

Module #3 (20 academic hours / 4 + 16 ) January – March, 2019

(B) Structural Analysis of Systems (Q-analysis).

16 - 4 12

10-11

Multi-criteria selection. AHP Method and Its Discussion. Purposefulness of Systems (goals). Heuristic Solutions. Examples and Discussion

22 2 6 14

12

Goals Uncertainty. System Approach to Problem Solving. Decision-making under Uncertainty (beg.). Examples and Discussion

22 2 6 14

Module #4 (20 academic hours / 0 + 20 ) April – June, 2019

13-14

Decision-making under Uncertainty (con-d.). System Engineering. System Analysis (SA) of Goals. Discussion: Problem statement to wide extent1. What System Analysis

Really is?

18 - 2 16

- Homework (HW) Presentations 18 - 18 -

Selected Topics (subject for changes) to discuss at Seminars:

[1] Defining characteristics of systems. Events, templates, structure

[2] What are system’s boundaries? Representation of systems. Information systems

[3] Discussion of paper (related to the material covered – to be specified) [4] Case Study (to be announced at the lectures). Preliminary comments and observations

[5] Q-analysis procedure. Formal description of system’s structure. Local and global characteristics of connectivity

[6] Q-analysis: Simplices and simplicial complex, first structural vector of simplicial complex, eccentricities

[7] Q-analysis: Discussion of selected papers (R.Atkin / J.Casti)

[8] Decision-making under uncertainty: fuzzy sets approach; operations on fuzzy sets. Case study – discussion

[9] Optimization tasks. Multi-criteria selection. Discussion of examples

[10] Heuristic approaches [11] Comments related to causal loop diagram (CLD)

[12] Templates of system’s behavior (explanations, performing exercise. Case Study. Preliminary comments and observations

[13] Templates of system’s behavior (explanations)

[14] Аnalysis of systems behavior – revealing of behavior templates and understanding of reasons that cause such behavior

[15] Understanding of feedback (connections between system’s components, presence of feedback)

[16] Principles of systems thinking («big» picture), measurable and non-metering (non-measurable) data

[17] Understanding of feedback (connections between system’s components, feedback). Case Study

1 Includes problem understanding – discovering main actors of the problematic situation – obtaining subjective estimates of the

reality – adequate model building – goals and criteria – experimental study – model adjustment (update) – formation of alternatives – decision making – improving interference (see also Johnson J.E., Scherer W.T., Gibson W.F. How to Do Systems Analysis, 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2007, pp. 129-236).






[18] Connections and interdependencies among components of a problem, intangible aspects of a problem, widening view of a problem

[19] Inputs and Outputs. Discussion of the paper “Software Systems Analysis – A Research Area Overview” (comments, ideas)

[20] Uncovering systemic structures: formulating the problem, identifying key variables in the situation (problem) / main actors

[21] (Explanations) identification of main problem in complex situation, graph the behavior of key variables over time

[22] Setting goals and measuring results, short-term and long-term aspects of the work (explanations, exercise(s))

[23] Uncovering systemic structures: building causal loop diagrams (СLD). Relationships between variables (‘s’ and ‘o’ notations)

[24] Feedback loops; hidden troublemakers. Building СLD, discussion of approaches. Multiloop diagrams. Case Study

[25] (Explanations, exercise(s)) Distinguishing reinforcing and balancing processes. Discovering dynamic structure

[26] Discussion of the paper #1: ˝Teaching systems analysis to software engineering students: experience with a structured methodology˝

[27] System analysis and design. Are they really needed?

[28] AHP method, its use in IT/CE and SE fields (following publications by T.L.Saaty and others). Fuzzy AHP. Case Study

[29] Archetypes in CLD. Information links and rate-to-level links in CLD (difference). Formal approaches in CLD analysis. Case Study

[30] Case Study (works of C.Eden). Pattern of behavior (structure behind a pattern of behavior)

[31] Topological features of CLD (qualitative assessment of strengths / works of B.Kosko and C.Eden)

[32] Homework presentations (schedule to be announced in the middle of March, 2018). Q-A session (discussion)

## Total: 190 24 (L) 40 (S) 126 (SS)

Recommended Books (Publications) – long (extended) list { see also Section 10 } (additional papers will be also recommended to students for self-studying and analysis – see “Applied System Analysis” LMS pages)

Printed Sources: [ * original - in Russian] Тарасенко Ф.П. Прикладной системный анализ : учеб. пособ.,

М.: КНОРУС, 2010 (Tarasenko F. Applied Systems Analysis (Teaching Aid), KNORUS Publ., Moscow, 2010).

O’Connor J., McDermott I. The Art of Systems Thinking : Essential Skills for Creativity and Problem Solving, Premium Source Publ., 2006. [Russian translation] О’Коннор Дж., Макдермотт И. Искусство системного мышления. Необходимые знания о системах и творческом подходе к решению проблем, пер. с англ., М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2008.

[ * original - in Russian] Волкова В.Н., Денисов А.А. Теория систем и системный анализ : учебник для вузов, М.: ИД Юрайт, 2010 (Volkova V., Denisov A. System Theory and Systems Analysis (Textbook), URight Publ. House, 2010).

[ * original - in Russian] Cистемный анализ и принятие решений: Словарь-справочник. Учебное пособие для вузов, под ред. Волковой В.Н., Козлова В.Н., М.: Высшая Школа, 2004 (Systems Analysis and Decision Making (Reference book / Teaching Aid), eds. Volkova

V. & Kozlov V., Higher School (Visshaya Shkola) Publ., 2004). von Bertalanffy L. General System Theory. Foundations, Development, Applications,

rev. ed. (first published in 1969), George Braziller, NY, 2009 (repr.). Meadows D.H. Thinking in Systems : A Primer, Chelsea Green Publ., 2008. Google Books [Russian translation] Meдоуз Д. Азбука системного мышления, БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2010. Flood R.L., Carson E.R. Dealing with Complexity. An Introduction to the Theory and

Application of Systems Science, 2nd ed., Plenum Press, NY, 1993. Google Books Boardman J., Sauser B. Systems Thinking: Coping with 21st Century Problems

(Industrial Innovation), CRC Press, 2008. [ * original - in Russian] Качала В.В. Основы теории систем и системного анализа, М.:

Горячая линия – Телеком, 2007 (Kachala V. Foundations of System Theory and Systems Analysis, Hot Line (Goryachaya Liniya) – Telekom, 2007).

[ * original - in Russian] Хомяков П.М. Системный анализ: Экспресс-курс лекций, 3-е изд., М.: ЛКИ, 2008 (Khomyakov P. Systems Analysis : Accelerated Course (Short Lectures), 3rd ed., LKI Publ., Moscow, 2008).






Ackoff R.L. Re-creating the Corporation. The Design of Organizations for the 21st Century, Oxford University Press, 1999. Google Books

Edson R. Systems Thinking. Applied. A Primer, ASysT Institute, 2008. Ross T.J. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2010. [ * original - in Russian] Дрогобыцкий И.Н. Системный анализ в экономике, уч.

пособие, Финансы и статистика, 2009 (Drogobytsky I. System Analysis in Economics, M.: Finance and Statistics, 2009).

[ * original - in Russian] Демидова Л.А., Кираковский В.В., Пылькин А.Н. Принятие решений в условиях неопределенности, М.: Горячая Линия – Телеком, 2012 (Demidova L., Kirakovsky V., Pylkin A. Decision-Making Under Uncertainty, M.: Telekom, 2012).

Skyttner L. General Systems Theory: Problems, Perspectives, Practice, 2nd ed., World Scientific Publ., 2006. Google Books

[ * original - in Russian] Попов В.Н., Касьянов В.С., Савченко И.П. Системный анализ в менеджменте, М.: ООО «КноРус», 2013 (Popov V., Kasyanov V., Savchenko I. System Analysis in Management, M.: KnoRus, 2013).

[ * original - in Russian] Козлов В.Н. Системный анализ, оптимизация и принятие решений (уч. пособие), М.: Проспект, 2010 (Kozlov V. Systems Analysis, Optimization and Decision Making (Teaching Aid), Prospect Publ., Moscow, 2010).

[ * original - in Russian] Андрейчиков А.В., Андрейчикова О.Н. Системный анализ и синтез стратегических решений в инноватике. Математические, эвристические и интеллектуальные методы системного анализа и синтеза инноваций: уч. пособие, М.: Либроком (URSS), 2012 (Andreychikov A.V., Andreychikova O.N. System Analysis and Synthesis of Strategic Decisions in Innovations. Mathematical, Heuristic and Intellectual Methods of System Analysis and Synthesis of Innovations, M.: Librokom (URSS), 2012).

[ * original - in Russian] Антонов А.В. Системный анализ, М.: Высшая Школа, 2008 (Antonov A. Systems Analysis, Higher School ((Visshaya Shkola) Publ., Moscow, 2008).

[ * original - in Russian] Зак Ю.А. Принятие решений в условиях нечетких и размытых данных: Fuzzy-технологии, М.: Либроком, 2013 (Zak Y. Decision Making Under Fuzzy and Blurry Data: Fuzzy Technologies, M.: Librokom (URSS), 2013).

Klir G.J., Elias D. Architecture of Systems Problems Solving (IFCR Int. Series on Systems

Science and Engineering, vol.21), 2nd ed., Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publ., 2003. Google Books [Russian translation – 1st edition of the book / 1985] Клир Дж. Системология. Автоматизация решения системных задач, пер. с англ., М.: Радио и связь, 1990.

Internet-based Publications:

Principia Cybernetica Project (PCP), 2002, http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ (in particular, section on Systems Concepts) - http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SYSCONC.html )

Kotelnikov V. Systems Thinking – Focusing on the whole, Not the Parts, of a Complex System, http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/thinking_systems.html

International Society for the Systems Sciences, http://www.isss.org/world/

Other Recommended Sources of Information, including Ones under Free Electronic Access:

[ * original - in Russian] Блауберг И.И. Проблема целостности и системный подход (сер. Философы России ХХ века), М.: Эдиториал УРСС, 1997 (Blauberg I. The Problem of Integrity and System Approach (Russian Philosophers (XX-th century) series), Editorial URSS, Moscow, 1997).

Miller J.H., Page S.E. Сomplex Adaptive Systems. An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life, Princeton University Press, 2007.

[ * original - in Russian] Винер Н. Кибернетика или управление и связь в животном и машине, М.: Наука, 1983 (Wiener N. Cybernetics or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, 2nd ed., The MIT Press, 1965).






[ * original - in Russian] Волкова В.Н. Из истории теории систем и системного анализа, СПб.: изд-во СПбГПУ, 2001-2004 (фрагмент из книги) (Volkova V. History of System Theory and System, publ. by Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, 2001-2004).

Legrand J. How Far Can Q-analysis Go Into Social Systems Understanding? (Association

Française de Science des Systèmes), 5th European Systems Science Congress, 2002. Pidwirny M. Definitions of Systems and Models, Fundamentals of Physical Geography, 2nd

Edition, 2006. Johnson J.E., Scherer W.T., Gibson W.F. How to Do Systems Analysis, 1st ed., John Wiley &

Sons, 2007. Google Books Ramage M., Shipp K. Systems Thinkers, Springer (The Open University), 2009. Google Books Gharajedaqhi J. Systems Thinking : Managing Chaos and Complexity. A Platform for Designing Business Architecture, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann Publ., 2005.

[Russian translation] Гараедаги Д. Системное мышление. Как управлять хаосом и сложными процессами. Платформа для моделирования архитектуры бизнеса, пер. с англ., М.: Гревцов Букс, 2010. [publications related to Q-analysis - BEGIN]

Casti J.L. Connectivity, Complexity and Catastrophe in Large-Scale Systems (International Series

on Applied Systems Analysis), John Wiley & Sons, 1979.

Casti J.L. Polyhedral Dynamics: I. The relevance of Algebraic Topology to Human Affairs, IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) Working Paper WP-75-030, 1975.

Casti J.L. Polyhedral Dynamics - II: Geometrical Structure as a Basis for Decision Making in Complex Systems, IIASA Research Memorandum RM-75-034, 1975.

Casti J.L., Karlqvist A. Complexity, Language, and Life: Mathematical Approaches, Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), 1985.

Atkin R. Multidimensional Man, Penguin Publ., 1982. Atkin R., Casti J.L. Polyhedral Dynamics and the Geometry of Systems, IIASA Research Report

RR-77-006, 1977. Atkin R. From cohomology in physics to q-connectivity in social science, International Journal

of Man-Machine Studies, 4 (2), 1972, pp. 139-167.

[Q-analysis - END]

MacNamara C. Systems Thinking, Authenticity Consulting, LLC. Causal Loop Diagrams, Peacepaces.com Causal Loop Diagrams, Pegasus Communications, 2000-2004. Jafari M., Amiri R.H., Bourouni A. An Interpretive Approach to Drawing Causal Loop

Diagrams, 2008. Kim D.H. Guidelines for Drawing Causal Loop Diagrams, The Systems Thinker, vol.3, #1,

Pegasus Comm., 1992. Goodman M. Systems Thinking as a Language, The Systems Thinker, vol.2, #3, Pegasus

Comm., 1991. Richardson G.P. Problems in Causal Loop Diagram (revisited). Information Feedback and Causal Loop Diagrams (Chapter 7), DocStoc, 2009 (posted).

NOTE: The list shown above includes only recommended sources of information. A wide variety of both printed and electronic books that cover (from various perspectives and to different extent) aspects of system theory, Systems Analysis, complexity, etc., opens up possibilities to choose those particular books (documents, reports) that seem useful and convenient for perception from the standpoint of material’s presentation and refinement.






6 Forms of Control and Assessment

Type of control

Form of control

1st year Parameters 1 2 3 4

Progress control (week)

Written quizzes (WQ)

- 2 -

(November-December

2018), Module 2

- -

Written quiz (1 to 2 questions) offered during regular class hours (30 to 40 min.)

Course Examin. (CE)

-

week 7 or 8

(end of December

2018)

- -

Computer-based test or written test (duration - 75 to 90 min.)

Homework

(HW) - 1 -

week 4 (Module 2) - week 9

or 10 (Module 3) (exact time periods will be

specified further on)

-

written report (paper / IEEE, Elsevier or Springer LNCS publ. template)

Resultant Final Exam

(FE) - - -

Module 4

(April - June 2019)

Oral presentation of the work done /

extra questions (optional)…

Evaluation criteria

Progress (interim) and resultant grades are made up of the following components:

course examination (CE) – end of the 2nd module (Semester A Quartile 2)

implies arrangement of (option 1) computer-based testing + written test or (option 2) written test only for all students enrolled (final decision is taken be the course instructor). Subject area covered by tests embraces those topics of the course that are discussed during both lectures and seminars up to the date announced. The computer-based test ( CMPСT ) may contain both single-choice and

multiple-choice questions; in that case the grade is given out by the test program automatically. As a second option, written test ( WRTСT ) includes 2 to 3 questions (letter ‘T’ means «test»).

If student misses CE because of some valid reason (only this particular case is covered by the document!), situation has to be discussed with the representatives (managers) of the Departmental (Program’s) Office of Studies.

The course examination (CE) is assessed on the ten-point scale (usual rounding takes place after weighted sum calculation is completed) – corresponding grade (Interim Evaluation 1, IE1) is obtained as follows (depends on option is use as mentioned earlier):

(option 1) CMP WRT O(CE) IE1 0.5 O(Q12) 0.5 0.35 O(CT ) 0.65 O(CT ) ,

(option 2) WRT O(CE) IE1 0.5 O(Q12) 0.5 O(CT ) , where O(Q12) is a rounded grade

(pre-exam achievement of student) obtained for Quiz 1 and Quiz 2 (Module 2 of the academic year); O(Q12) 0.4 O(Q1) 0.6 O(Q2) , O(Q1) and O(Q2) are quiz 1 and quiz 2 results

(ten-point scale), correspondingly.






homework assignment (HW) – 2nd -3rd modules (Sem. A Quartile 2 – Sem. B Quartile 3)

is prepared by students individually or in groups by two (at most), herewith each student (group) has to prepare electronic (PDF format solely) report, which is of the form of a scientific paper (5 to 7 pages) in IEEE or other well-established formats (following IEEE, Elsevier or Springer LNCS publ.

format template). Students are free to choose a system to consider (under specified topic) based on their own interests and preferences – after approval by the instructor, the work can be started (appr. in November-December 2018; the earlier, the better…).

All reports should be submitted to instructor for consideration before the date xD , which is

set (last decade of March 2019 as a rough estimate) and announced in the beginning of Module 3. All reports are checked and graded by the instructor on ten-point scale by the end of the 4th Module as the latest, and REPORTO(HW ) gives evaluation for the 4th module (of the academic

year). [Important note] Please, be informed in advance that failure to comply with specified time limit

xD for submission of the report leads automatically to the reduction of REPORTO(HW ) by 0.3

points for each delayed day.

After multiplication, "corrected" grade (homework report evaluation) is rounded. Finally, the total course grade on ten-point scale is obtained as

REPORT O(Total) 0.15 O(Q3) 0.2 O(CE) 0.35 O(HW ) 0.3 O(FE)

(usual rounding takes place after calculations are done), where REPORTO(HW ) is a "corrected"

grade (if correction factor is applied – see Important note above), O(Q3) is a grade for the written quiz offered in the Module 3, and O(FE) is a grade obtained for the presentation done (additional questions related to topics covered by the course and HW report prepared can be asked to students). A grade of 4 or higher means successful completion of the course ("Pass"), while grade of 3 or lower means unsuccessful result ("Fail").

Student has a chance to obtain “automatic” O(Total) grade (final course grade that can be only at the “excellent” level, i.e. 8, 9 or 10) without passing through FE (presentation) provided that

(1) each of quizzes (Q1, Q2 | Module 2) is marked as “very good”, “almost excellent” or above (7 or above out of 10), (2) quiz (Q3 | Module 3) is marked as “very good”, “almost excellent” or above (7 or above out of 10), (3) the result of O( CMPСT ) is 8 or above and O( WRTСT ) is 8 or above (under option 1 – see page 11), or

the result of O( WRTСT ) is 8 or above (under option 2 – see page 11), and

(4) homework assignment (HW report) is graded with 8 (out of 10) or above.

Although aforesaid items (1)-(4) will be applied to all student without exception, it is strongly recommended to all students to make presentations of their works (HW).






Conversion of the concluding rounded grade O(Total) to five-point scale grade is performed in accordance with the following table:

Summary Table : Correspondence of ten-point (10) to five-point (5) system’s grades

Ten-point scale [10] Five-point scale [5]

1 – unsatisfactory 2 – very bad 3 – bad

Unsatisfactory – 2

4 – satisfactory 5 – quite satisfactory

Satisfactory – 3

6 – good 7 – very good

Good – 4

8 – almost excellent 9 – excellent 10 – brilliantly

Excellent – 5

7 Detailed (preliminary) Course Contents

Тopic (Lectures) 1-2: Introduction and Overview of the Course. Origins of Systems Analysis (history of System Theory and System Analysis). Notions of System and Systems Thinking. Definitions of System and Systems Engineering. Classification of Systems; SPE-pyramid (grasping system’s structure), causal schemes

♦ Lecture’s content: General comments related to the course (introduction part and key points to

emphasize). Progress of scientific knowledge and its applications. Origin of system theory and system approach. Systems Analysis (SA) and purposeful activities [7-8].

[following slides (see LMS materials) – some topics are commented and left for self-study] Tectology (General Organizational Science, V. Bogdanov). Scientific areas in system theory (ST), main objectives of the general system theory (L. von Bertalanffy). Оpen system.

Systems Analysis as one of the most influential applied areas in system studies. The structure of Systems Analysis. Systems thinking. Peculiarities of Applied Systems Analysis (ASA). The Notion of System and Systems Thinking. Definitions of System and Systems Engineering (following SEBoK 1.8). Classification of Systems. Emergence of system properties. SPE-pyramid, comments. Problem situation and the concept of systemacy [7-8].

♦ Core books (sources of information) [ * original - in Russian] Тарасенко Ф.П. Прикладной системный анализ : учеб.

пособ., М.: КНОРУС, 2010 (Tarasenko F. Applied Systems Analysis (Teaching Aid), KNORUS

Publ., Moscow, 2010) [рp. 5-10, 29-55]. [ * original - in Russian] Волкова В.Н., Денисов А.А. Теория систем и системный

анализ : учебник для вузов, М.: ИД Юрайт, 2010 (Volkova V., Denisov A. System

Theory and Systems Analysis (Textbook), URight Publ. House, 2010) [pр. 9-20, 29-43]. [ * original - in Russian] Cистемный анализ и принятие решений: Словарь-






справочник. Учебное пособие для вузов, под ред. Волковой В.Н., Козлова В.Н., М.: Высшая Школа, 2004 (Systems Analysis and Decision Making (Reference book / Teaching

Aid), eds. Volkova V. & Kozlov V., Higher School (Visshaya Shkola) Publ., 2004) [pр. 419-424, 439-444].

von Bertalanffy L. General System Theory. Foundations, Development, Applications, rev. ed. (first publ. 1969), George Braziller, 2009 [pр. 3-28, 36-39].

Johnson J.E., Scherer W.T., Gibson W.F. How to Do Systems Analysis, 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2007 [pр. 4-24].

[ * original - in Russian] Волкова В.Н. Из истории теории систем и системного анализа, СПб.: изд-во СПбГПУ, 2001-2004 (фрагмент из книги) (Volkova V. History of System Theory and System, publ. by Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, 2001-2004)

(fragment). [ * translation] О’Коннор Дж., Макдермотт И. Искусство системного мышления.

Необходимые знания о системах и творческом подходе к решению проблем, пер. с англ., М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2008 (O’Connor J., McDermott I. The Art of Systems Thinking : Essential Skills for Creativity and Problem Solving, Premium Source Publ., 2006) [pр. 28-47, 232-239].

Edson R. Systems Thinking. Applied. A Primer, ASysT Institute, 2008 [pр. 3-10]. Flood R.L., Carson E.R. Dealing with Complexity. An Introduction to the Theory

and Application of Systems Science, 2nd ed., Plenum Press, NY, 1993 [pр. 1-40]. Ramage M., Shipp K. Systems Thinkers, Springer (The Open University), 2009

[Chapter 6, pр. 57-66]. Guide to Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK, v.1.8),

http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_(SEBoK), 2017.

Тopic (Lectures) 3-4: Classification of Systems. Organizations and System approach. Systems and Complexity. Models of Systems (static / dynamic models). Hard and Soft Methodologies in the Analysis of Systems (discussed throughout the course) (beg.)

♦ Lecture’s content: Fundamental concepts related to structure, functioning and development of systems.

Definition of system (L. von Bertalanffy, W. Ross Ashby, A.S. Beer, et al.) [9-13] – comments. Classification of systems. Nature of systems. [in addition - see previous lecture] Ideas of general system theory [following slides (see LMS) – topics are commented and left for self-study]

[some topics are commented and left for self-study] Аnalysis and synthesis. System as an aggregate of elements. Objective laws of interaction between the whole and its parts. The structure. Properties of systems. System as a tool of goal attainment. Systems and Complexity. General definition of complexity (G. Klir). Parts and relationships. Three types of complexity (W. Weaver; organized simplicity, unorganized complexity and organized complexity).

Feedback loops as an essence of systems. Types and forms of structures representation (structural representation as a tool for systems studying) – general

comments. The concept of model. Properties of Systems. Models of Systems (static/dynamic models).

♦ Core books (sources of information) [ * original - in Russian] Волкова В.Н., Денисов А.А. Теория систем и системный







Theory and Systems Analysis (Textbook), URight Publ. House, 2010) [pр. 21-83]. Ackoff R.L. Re-creating the Corporation. The Design of Organizations for the 21st

Century, Oxford University Press, 1999 [pр. 3-43]. Skyttner L. General Systems Theory: Problems, Perspectives, Practice, 2nd ed.,

World Scientific Publ., 2006 [pр. 49-107]. [ * original - in Russian] Тарасенко Ф.П. Прикладной системный анализ : учеб.

пособ., М.: КНОРУС, 2010 (Tarasenko F. Applied Systems Analysis (Teaching Aid), KNORUS

Publ., Moscow, 2010) [pр. 29-55]. [ * original - in Russian] Дрогобыцкий И.Н. Системный анализ в экономике, уч.


[ * original - in Russian] Cистемный анализ и принятие решений: Словарь-справочник. Учебное пособие для вузов, под ред. Волковой В.Н., Козлова В.Н., М.: Высшая Школа, 2004 (Systems Analysis and Decision Making (Reference book / Teaching

Aid), eds. Volkova V. & Kozlov V., Higher School (Visshaya Shkola) Publ., 2004) [pр. 350-351, 114-117, 325-328, 351-362, 449-452, 465-474].

[ * original - in Russian] Качала В.В. Основы теории систем и системного анализа, М.: Горячая линия – Телеком, 2007 (Kachala V. Foundations of System Theory and

Systems Analysis, Hot Line (Goryachaya Liniya) – Telekom, 2007) [pр. 53-75, 100-143]. [ * original - in Russian] Попов В.Н., Касьянов В.С., Савченко И.П. Системный

анализ в менеджменте, М.: ООО «КноРус», 2013 (Popov V., Kasyanov V., Savchenko I. System Analysis in Management, M.: KnoRus, 2013).

[ * translation] О’Коннор Дж., Макдермотт И. Искусство системного мышления. Необходимые знания о системах и творческом подходе к решению проблем, пер. с англ., М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2008 (O’Connor J., McDermott I. The Art of Systems Thinking : Essential Skills for Creativity and Problem Solving, Premium Source Publ., 2006) [pр. 48-76].

von Bertalanffy L. General System Theory. Foundations, Development, Applications, rev. ed. (first publ. 1969), George Braziller, 2009 [рp. 41-53].

Клир Дж. Системология. Автоматизация решения системных задач, пер. с англ., М.: Радио и связь, 1990 [стр. 24-50].

Сomplexity – (Wiki-resource) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexity (2010). Guide to Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK, v.1.8),

http://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge_(SEBoK), 2017.

Тopic (Lectures) 5-6: System Methodologies(con-d). Mental Models. Properties of Systems. Specific features of Applied System Analysis. SA Base Methods (stages) (beg.). Stakeholder Analysis

♦ Lectures content: «System (systemic)» and «systematic» - word’s «system» derived terms. «Hard» and

«soft» system methodologies (beginning – brief introduction). [in addition - see previous

lectures] Аnalysis and synthesis as methods to build (develop) models. Models in Systems Analysis. Analytical approach to the concept of model. Forms of models [31-

38] Мental models. How do we create them? Мental models as a system. Training as a

system. Generating training. [some topics are commented and left for self-study] Sequence of actions (phases) in the






course of Systems Analysis (discussion). Specific features of Applied System Analysis. Formal Procedure of SA. System Analysis Base Methods (beginning).

Discussion and concluding remarks concerning material of the 1st module of the course.



Theory and Systems Analysis (Textbook), URight Publ. House, 2010) [pр. 46-83]. Flood R.L., Carson E.R. Dealing with Complexity. An Introduction to the Theory

and Application of Systems Science, 2nd ed., Plenum, 1993 [рp. 24-38, 49-69]. Skyttner L. General Systems Theory: Problems, Perspectives, Practice, 2nd ed.,

World Scientific Publ., 2006 [рp. 65-75]. [ * original - in Russian] Cистемный анализ и принятие решений: Словарь-

справочник. Учебное пособие для вузов, под ред. Волковой В.Н., Козлова В.Н., М.: Высшая Школа, 2004 (Systems Analysis and Decision Making (Reference book /

Teaching Aid), eds. Volkova V. & Kozlov V., Higher School (Visshaya Shkola) Publ., 2004) [pр. 325-328, 351-362, 378-380, 199-206, 449-450].

[ * original - in Russian] Тарасенко Ф.П. Прикладной системный анализ : учеб. пособ., М.: КНОРУС, 2010 (Tarasenko F. Applied Systems Analysis (Teaching Aid), KNORUS

Publ., Moscow, 2010) [рp. 56-78]. [ * original - in Russian] Дрогобыцкий И.Н. Системный анализ в экономике, уч.



Systems Analysis, Hot Line (Goryachaya Liniya) – Telekom, 2007) [pр. 100-164]. [ * original - in Russian] Попов В.Н., Касьянов В.С., Савченко И.П. Системный

анализ в менеджменте, М.: ООО «КноРус», 2013 (Popov V., Kasyanov V., Savchenko I. System Analysis in Management, M.: KnoRus, 2013).

[ * original - in Russian] Хомяков П.М. Системный анализ: Экспресс-курс лекций, 3-е изд., М.: ЛКИ, 2008 (Khomyakov P. Systems Analysis : Accelerated Course (Short Lectures), 3rd

ed., LKI Publ., Moscow, 2008) [pр. 36-65]. Selected publications (papers) in English (to be announced in LMS | see also Electronic

Resources of the HSE Library – always keep in mind this source of information!).

End of the 1st module

Тopic (Lectures) 7-8: SA Base Methods (stages) (cont-d.). Use of Structural Analysis (StrA). Methods in Systems Studying. System Analysis Tools (beg.). Systems and Modeling (beg.)

♦ Lectures content: Formal Procedure of SA. System Analysis (SA) Base Methods (cont-d). Diagram as a modeling tool. Diagrams of systems (graphs, block diagrams, «soft»

diagrams of systems (P. Сheckland)). Techniques (methods) to describe structures [22-27]. [some topics are commented and left for self-study] Мodels and modeling. The concept of

model [22-27]. Real object (system) and model. Goals of modeling. Types (representation forms) of models. Technical tools of modeling [33-38]. Methods of






systems modeling. Modeling as a base of R / D (research and development) [31-33]. Structural Analysis of Systems. Representation of System’s Structure. Q-analysis

(Polyhedral Dynamics) Procedure (discussion of selected papers by R.Atkin and J.Casti – for references see page 10 of the present document). Examples (Case Studies) – analysis of results attained.

Methods in Systems Studying. System Analysis Tools (beginning).



Theory and Systems Analysis (Textbook), URight Publ. House, 2010) [рp. 104-172]. [ * translation] О’Коннор Дж., Макдермотт И. Искусство системного мышления.

Необходимые знания о системах и творческом подходе к решению проблем, пер. с англ., М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2008 (O’Connor J., McDermott I. The Art of Systems Thinking : Essential Skills for Creativity and Problem Solving, Premium Source Publ., 2006) [pр. 79-149].

[ * original - in Russian] Тарасенко Ф.П. Прикладной системный анализ : учеб. пособ., М.: КНОРУС, 2010 (Tarasenko F. Applied Systems Analysis (Teaching Aid),

KNORUS Publ., Moscow, 2010) [рp. 56-78]. [ * original - in Russian] Дрогобыцкий И.Н. Системный анализ в экономике, уч.


Flood R.L., Carson E.R. Dealing with Complexity. An Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science, 2nd ed., Plenum, 1993 [рp. 49-69].



Systems Analysis, Hot Line (Goryachaya Liniya) – Telekom, 2007). Miller J.H., Page S.E. Сomplex Adaptive Systems. An Introduction to

Computational Models of Social Life, Princeton Univ. Press, 2007 [рp. 35-43]. Ramage M., Shipp K. Systems Thinkers, Springer (The Open University), 2009

[рp. 148-158]. Selected publications in English (to be announced in LMS | see also Electronic Resources of the

HSE Library!).

Тopic (Lecture) 9: System Analysis Tools (cont-d). Examples - Case Study (Vendor /

Technology selection). Examples (+ remaining time of the module: Practical Studies / Tutorials A-B: Solution of a Problem Situation. Optimization problems)



Theory and Systems Analysis (Textbook), URight Publ. House, 2010). [ * original - in Russian] Дрогобыцкий И.Н. Системный анализ в экономике, уч.







[ * original - in Russian] Козлов В.Н. Системный анализ, оптимизация и принятие решений (уч. пособие), М.: Проспект, 2010 (Kozlov V. Systems Analysis, Optimization and Decision Making (Teaching Aid), Prospect Publ., Moscow, 2010).


Selected publications in English (to be announced in LMS | see also Electronic Resources of the

HSE Library!).

End of the 2nd module

Тopic (Lecture) 10-11: Multi-criteria selection. AHP Method and Its Discussion. Purposefulness of Systems (goals). Heuristic Solutions. Examples and Discussion

♦ Lecture’s content: Multi-criteria Selection (optimization problems). System Estimates Matrix. Criteria

and Methods for Decision Making. Goal-oriented Purpose (purposefulness) and Efficiency of Systems [27-30]. Goals.

Goal-setting difficulties. Trees in Goal-setting [11-30]. [some topics are commented and left for self-study] Decision-Making with Fuzzy

Information. Multi-objective Fuzzy Decision-Making (see also the contents of the following

lecture). Heuristic Solutions (informal analysis of problems). Basics of Prognostics

(prognostication methods – extrapolation methods, method of expert evaluations, logic modeling) [72-94].

♦ Core books (sources of information) [ * translation] О’Коннор Дж., Макдермотт И. Искусство системного

мышления. Необходимые знания о системах и творческом подходе к решению проблем, пер. с англ., М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2008 (O’Connor J., McDermott I. The Art of Systems Thinking : Essential Skills for Creativity and Problem Solving, Premium Source

Publ., 2006) [pр. 79-149]. Flood R.L., Carson E.R. Dealing with Complexity. An Introduction to the Theory

and Application of Systems Science, 2nd ed., Plenum, 1993 [рp. 49-69]. [ * original - in Russian] Волкова В.Н., Денисов А.А. Теория систем и системный


Theory and Systems Analysis (Textbook), URight Publ. House, 2010) [рp. 104-172]. [ * original - in Russian] Козлов В.Н. Системный анализ, оптимизация и принятие

решений (уч. пособие), М.: Проспект, 2010 (Kozlov V. Systems Analysis, Optimization and Decision Making (Teaching Aid), Prospect Publ., Moscow, 2010).

[ * original - in Russian] Cистемный анализ и принятие решений: Словарь-справочник. Учебное пособие для вузов, под ред. Волковой В.Н., Козлова В.Н., М.: Высшая Школа, 2004 (Systems Analysis and Decision Making (Reference book / Teaching

Aid), eds. Volkova V. & Kozlov V., Higher School (Visshaya Shkola) Publ., 2004) [pр. 560-563, 191-193, 196-198, 586-587, 589-599].

Ross T.J. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

[ * original - in Russian] Дрогобыцкий И.Н. Системный анализ в экономике, уч. пособие, Финансы и статистика, 2009 (Drogobytsky I. System Analysis in Economics, M.:






Finance and Statistics, 2009). [ * original - in Russian] Качала В.В. Основы теории систем и системного анализа,

М.: Горячая линия – Телеком, 2007 (Kachala V. Foundations of System Theory and

Systems Analysis, Hot Line (Goryachaya Liniya) – Telekom, 2007) [pр. 146-174]. [ * original - in Russian] Андрейчиков А.В., Андрейчикова О.Н. Системный анализ

и синтез стратегических решений в инноватике. Математические, эвристические и интеллектуальные методы системного анализа и синтеза инноваций: уч. пособие, М.: Либроком (URSS), 2012 (Andreychikov A.V., Andreychikova O.N. System Analysis and Synthesis of Strategic Decisions in Innovations. Mathematical, Heuristic and Intellectual Methods of System Analysis and Synthesis of Innovations, M.: Librokom (URSS), 2012).

[ * original - in Russian] Хомяков П.М. Системный анализ: Экспресс-курс лекций, 3-е изд., М.: ЛКИ, 2008 (Khomyakov P. Systems Analysis : Accelerated Course (Short Lectures), 3rd

ed., LKI Publ., Moscow, 2008) [pр. 60-85]. [ * original - in Russian] Зак Ю.А. Принятие решений в условиях нечетких и

размытых данных: Fuzzy-технологии, М.: Либроком, 2013 (Zak Y. Decision Making Under Fuzzy and Blurry Data: Fuzzy Technologies, M.: Librokom (URSS), 2013).

[ * original - in Russian] Тарасенко Ф.П. Прикладной системный анализ : учеб. пособ., М.: КНОРУС, 2010 (Tarasenko F. Applied Systems Analysis (Teaching Aid),

KNORUS Publ., Moscow, 2010) [рp. 56-78]. Ramage M., Shipp K. Systems Thinkers, Springer (The Open University), 2009 [pр.

18-27]. Selected publications in English (to be announced in LMS | see also Electronic Resources of the

HSE Library!).

Тopic (Lecture) 12: Goals Uncertainty. System Approach to Problem Solving. Decision-making under Uncertainty (beg.). Examples and Discussion

♦ Lectures content: «Synthesis concept» in operations and systems research [95-101]. Goals uncertainty, incompleteness of models and choice (selection) criteria. «Hard» systems thinking. Additional discussion: system approach to problem solving

– «soft» and «hard» (Systems Analysis, System Engineering, Operations Research) system methodologies. Real choice: what is our preference?

[some topics are commented and left for self-study] Principles of Analysis of Multi-criteria Decision-making; elements of Fuzzy Modeling. Examples (Case Study) and discussion. Fuzzy technologies in Multi-criteria Optimization problems.

Creative approach to problem solving in the company.

♦ Core books (sources of information) [ * original - in Russian] Качала В.В. Основы теории систем и системного анализа,


Systems Analysis, Hot Line (Goryachaya Liniya) – Telekom, 2007) [pр. 178-191]. [ * original - in Russian] Хомяков П.М. Системный анализ: Экспресс-курс лекций,

3-е изд., М.: ЛКИ, 2008 (Khomyakov P. Systems Analysis : Accelerated Course (Short

Lectures), 3rd ed., LKI Publ., Moscow, 2008) [pр. 84-104]. [ * original - in Russian] Демидова Л.А., Кираковский В.В., Пылькин А.Н.

Принятие решений в условиях неопределенности, М.: Горячая Линия – Телеком, 2012 (Demidova L., Kirakovsky V., Pylkin A. Decision-Making Under Uncertainty,






M.: Telekom, 2012). Ross T.J. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons,

2010. [ * original - in Russian] Cистемный анализ и принятие решений: Словарь-

справочник. Учебное посо-бие для вузов, под ред. Волковой В.Н., Козлова В.Н., М.: Высшая Школа, 2004 (Systems Analysis and Decision Making (Reference book /

Teaching Aid), eds. Volkova V. & Kozlov V., Higher School (Visshaya Shkola) Publ., 2004) [pр. 389-392, 589-599, 191-193, 222-229, 488-493].

Jackson M.C. Systems Methodology for the Management Sciences, Plenum Press, 1991.

[ * original - in Russian] Зак Ю.А. Принятие решений в условиях нечетких и размытых данных: Fuzzy-технологии, М.: Либроком, 2013 (Zak Y. Decision Making Under Fuzzy and Blurry Data: Fuzzy Technologies, M.: Librokom (URSS), 2013).

[ * original - in Russian] Дрогобыцкий И.Н. Системный анализ в экономике, уч. пособие, Финансы и статистика, 2009 (Drogobytsky I. System Analysis in Economics, M.: Finance and Statistics, 2009).

[ * original - in Russian] Андрейчиков А.В., Андрейчикова О.Н. Системный анализ и синтез стратегических решений в инноватике. Математические, эвристические и интеллектуальные методы системного анализа и синтеза инноваций: уч. пособие, М.: Либроком (URSS), 2012 (Andreychikov A.V., Andreychikova O.N. System Analysis and Synthesis of Strategic Decisions in Innovations. Mathematical, Heuristic and Intellectual Methods of System Analysis and Synthesis of Innovations, M.: Librokom (URSS), 2012).

Selected publications in English (to be announced in LMS | see also Electronic Resources of the

HSE Library!).

End of the 3rd module

Тopic (Lectures) 13-14: Decision-making under Uncertainty (cont-d.). System Engineering. System Analysis (SA) of Goals. Discussion: Problem Statement to a Wide Extent

2. What System Analysis

Really is?

♦ Lectures content: System Engineering (system approach to preparation / organization of large-scale

projects). The work of system engineer [155-174]. [some topics are commented and left for self-study] Life cycle of a System. System Analysis

and Problems of Decision Making [124-153]. Goal formulation. Methodology of Systems Analysis of goals.

Systems science and philosophical issues. System Practice. What Systems Analysis Really Is? Problem statement to a Wide Extent. Methodology of System Analysis [193-

205]. Concluding remarks (training course in whole); question / answer session.

♦ Core books (sources of information)

2 Includes problem understanding – discovering main actors of the problematic situation – obtaining subjective estimates of the

reality – adequate model building – goals and criteria – experimental study – model adjustment (update) – formation of alternatives – decision making – improving interference (see also Johnson J.E., Scherer W.T., Gibson W.F. How to Do Systems Analysis, 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2007, pp. 129-236).






Jackson M.C. Systems Methodology for the Management Sciences, Plenum Press, 1991 [рp. 73-100].

Flood R.L., Carson E.R. Dealing with Complexity. An Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science, 2nd ed., Plenum, 1993 [pр. 97-140].

Johnson J.E., Scherer W.T., Gibson W.F. How to Do Systems Analysis, 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2007 [pр. 277-314].

[ * original - in Russian] Хомяков П.М. Системный анализ: Экспресс-курс лекций, 3-е изд., М.: ЛКИ, 2008 (Khomyakov P. Systems Analysis : Accelerated Course (Short

Lectures), 3rd ed., LKI Publ., Moscow, 2008) [pр. 124-191]. [ * original - in Russian] Cистемный анализ и принятие решений: Словарь-

справочник. Учеб. пособие для вузов, под ред. Волковой В.Н., Козлова В.Н., М.: Высшая Школа, 2004 (Systems Analysis and Decision Making (Reference book /

Teaching Aid), eds. Volkova V. & Kozlov V., Higher School (Visshaya Shkola) Publ., 2004). [pр. 560-563, 375-377, 191-193, 222-229].

[ * original - in Russian] Волкова В.Н., Денисов А.А. Теория систем и системный анализ : учебник для вузов, М.: ИД Юрайт, 2010 (Volkova V., Denisov A. System

Theory and Systems Analysis (Textbook), URight Publ. House, 2010) [pр. 341-385]. Johnson J.E., Scherer W.T., Gibson W.F. How to Do Systems Analysis, 1st ed.,

John Wiley & Sons, 2007 [pр. 29-85]. [ * original - in Russian] Качала В.В. Основы теории систем и системного анализа,


Systems Analysis, Hot Line (Goryachaya Liniya) – Telekom, 2007) [pр. 193-207]. Тopic (Presentations of HW Projects): remaining time of the Module 4.

2017-2018 academic year : 4 (four) modules of the course (Master program) – 24 hours (L) + 40 hours (P / Sem)

[ hours >>> ] 12 + 0 8 + 4 4 + 16 0 + 20

Applied System Analysis Module #1 Module #2 Module #3 Module #4

End of the 4th module

8 Educational Methods and Technologies

Class studies in the discipline "Applied System Analysis" (ASA) are organized in the form of lectures and seminars; the initial (appr. 15%) part of the theoretical material is supported by course slides that allow to cover corresponding material faster, without spending much time on writing. The rest of the discussion in the course stipulates active utilization of markers and

whiteboard (writing and explanations) and case studies (formulation, discussion, etc.) that highlight vividly core ideas, their meaning, analysis/research approaches in use, regular and unusual situations, and so on.

As stated in [1], case study can be considered as “an ideal methodology when a holistic, in-depth investigation is needed; case studies have been used … increasingly in instruction”. According to Professor Paul Lawrence (Harvard Business School), a good case study is the “vehicle by which a chunk of reality is brought into the classroom to be worked over by the class and instructor”. As a result, the case study approach used in class makes the learning process more interactive and entertaining; it also allows students to feel at real-world situation both in teamwork as well as independent work. In addition, much attention is also paid to encourage

students to approach responsibly to the preparation of the homework reports (in the form of papers that follows IEEE, Elsevier or Springer LNCS format template; see






https://www.overleaf.com/gallery/tagged/academic-journal) and its presentation in English. To the extent possible, case studies deal with those topics that are related on the whole to IT,

engineering and management fields. [1] Feagin, J., Orum, A., & Sjoberg, G. (Eds.). (1991). A case for case study, University of North Carolina Press

8.1 Recommendations for Course Instructors

It should be emphasized that the core problem for the instructor offering this course is the lack of ready-to-use sources of information (e.g. 1 or 2 titles to recommend students to follow straight on, slides that in-depth accomplish book’s contents, detailed description of case studies that can be followed and analyzed in all minute aspects, etc.). This fact has to be addressed responsibly

while preparing materials.

9 Evaluation Tools for Monitoring and Assessment of Student’s Performance

Detailed explanation of forms of control and assessment used in the course is provided on pages 11-12 of the document. In particular, questions (or, tasks) covered by CE are determined by topics and cases that are discussed in lectures (seminars) over the corresponding period

preceding the holding date of the test.

9.1 Feasible topics to include to written part of CE (constituent of the progress control) [Short list - samples; to be elaborated on and expanded during modules 1 and 2]

consider hypothetical information system (specific short description is provided) that is functioning within larger system (extra details are given). Write down (rough explanatory notes) the following: [A] the purpose that the system under consideration fulfills within the larger system, [B] components that make up the system, [C] intangible components of the system,

consider hypothetical system (specific short description is provided); think about its behavior. With regard to (this particular) system try to identify patterns of its behavior over time. Draw a graph of observed behavior patterns. Looking at your graph, what do you see?

for a given variant of the system (description is provided) draw a map (diagram) of how parts are related and how one part gives feedback to another one. Explain the resultant diagrams (what is actually drawn?),

(for a given fragment of the paper) [A] provide in brief your understanding of its (fragment) core idea(s), [B] illustrate this idea by example related to your present professional activity (in case of unwillingness to write down specific names, they can be omitted),

can you give an example of the situation when an attempt (and its realization) to improve certain part (element / subsystem) brings a negative effect on the system in whole. Can you explain reasons for such outcome?

revealing structure of the analyzed object we identify this object as a system. Do you think that is it possible to «equalize» two notions, notably «system» and «structure»? In either case substantiate your opinion (answer),

following publications of I.V. Blauberg, formulate (in your own words) main principles that underlie specificity of systems studies,

to your mind, what are shortcomings of system analysis (SA)? What are main tasks of systems analysis (provide brief answer)? Do you think that the problem can be solved at the expense of changing goal (purpose)? If your answer to the last question is «yes», provide






an example related to your current professional activity (in case of unwillingness to write down

specific names, they can be omitted).

The procedure for calculation of resultant grade is explained in detail on pages 11-12 of the document. At the end of presentation student will be asked questions related to main topics he/she discusses/presents. Mainly such questions conform to ideas and observations summarized in corresponding research papers (recommended as students progress through the course); on top of that, additional questions that cover certain aspects of course’ topics can be asked as well – selected samples of those are shown below.

9.2 Quality Assessment Questions (Course Mastering Check) – samples (short list) [to be elaborated on and expanded during modules 2, 3 and 4]

Rather extensive list of potential quality assessment questions may embrace, in particular, the following control issues:

give a definition of terms «system», «systems analysis», «subsystem», «black box», «emergent property», «systems thinking», et al. (the matter is related to main concepts introduced in the training course),

what are «goal (purpose)», «structure», «subsystem», «systemacy»? Provide examples and give short explanations,

systems have properties which differ from properties of their constituent parts (elements). How do we call such properties? Illustrate your answer (and explanations) by example related to your present job (business) or material presented,

what are peculiarities (specific features) of applied system(s) analysis? Provide each item of your answer with short explanations,

what is the purpose of system analysis (SA)? how do you understand the following proposition: «by means of synthesis we find

understanding (comprehension)»? give an example of feedback loops observed in everyday life (your professional activity), explain in outline, how do we create our mental models? from the standpoint of the Applied Systems Analysis (ASA) methodology, explain the

meaning of the following sentence: «our ability to influence the future increases as we are

gradually moving from the level of considering events (E) to the level of understanding patterns (P) and then to the level of structures (S)». What is the point here?

what is the secret, in your opinion, of system’s understanding, making (development of) its unified image?

what do we call «systems thinking»? Did you hear about it before? It not, why, to your mind, so little is known about it on the whole?

the word «system» is often accompanied by the adjective «сomplex». What is your opinion concerning criterion(-a) of complexity?

сonsider (in general terms) the management of software development. In your opinion, at which stages of the process it should be appropriate to use [A] hard, [B] soft system approaches. Provide explanations and give one example for each of cases [A] and [B].

what are the main stages in developing model of the problem situation? propose 2-3 variants of the model of organization of your company (working group), explain the difference between «hard» and «soft» system methodologies (methods), seven basic steps are at the heart of classic soft system methodology (SSM) proposed by

P.Checkland). From the practical standpoint, these steps can be reduced to 4 (four) main






stages of the SSM operating cycle. Specify the content of these steps, provide brief description and give examples (the ones related to your profession),

how do you understand the main task of operations research? Describe principles of cybernetics in SA,

mathematical models serve as a base for both analytical research (studies) and computer experiment; what can you say about classification of such models?

why is it necessary to record (hard-copy or electronic document) existing problem of the client? Should you proceed to problem solving immediately after the problem is defined?

what methods of describing structures do you know? what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative models? Do you use modeling

in your professional activity? what is specific characteristic of heuristic approach to studying of many applied

problems? what are the steps to formulate the goal? how do you understand phrases «concept of analysis» and «concept of synthesis» in

respect to systems studying? the project’s work of system engineer comes to 2 aggregative stages. Could you provide a

brief explanation of those? For example, when talking about system examination (studying) of a given problem, what stages to realize do we imply?

what are the reasons for specialists to resort to modeling? Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901-1972), biologist and the founder of general system theory,

wrote in his famous book «General System Theory» that «… with increasing expansion of systems thinking and studies, the definition of general system theory came under renewed scrunity. … One way, of course, limit it to the “technical” meaning in the sense of mathematical theory …, but it appears unadvisable in view of the fact that there are many “system” problems asking for “theory” which latter is not at present available in mathematical terms. … Broadly speaking, three main aspects can be indicated which are not separable in content but distinguishable in intention. The first one may be circumscribed as

“systems science” …». Proceed with this unfinished list – write down 3 (three) aspects to be mentioned and characterize (explain) in short each of them,

for instance, consider any system associated with your professional activity – with this particular example in mind [A] describe and explain characteristics of system under consideration, [B] pick out system’s patterns of behavior and try to identify reasons that cause such behavior. Depict patterns of behavior; make an emphasis on those forces that determine aforementioned patterns (of system’s behavior).

10 Learning Resources (software and supplementary ref. materials)

Course readers and various recommended reference printed and electronic sources are listed on pages 8-10 of the document.

It is also strongly advised to all students to use Electronic Resources of the HSE library (http://library.hse.ru/e-resources/e-resources.htm) that provide access to information sources related to foreign scientific journals, full-text theses, electronic books, dictionaries and encyclopedias.

Besides, the following software titles (Free Mind Mapping tools) can be noted as candidates for use while preparing course homework:

- Edraw MindMap (a vector-based mind mapping software with rich examples and templates) – http://www.edrawsoft.com/freemind.php), - Freeplane (a free and open source software to support thinking, sharing information and getting things done – http://freeplane.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page), - XMind is a popular mind mapping software - http://www.xmind.net/),






- FreeMind (a free mind mapping software – http://freemind.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page), Additional information on FreeMind tool can be found at http://upgradeway.ru/articles/eshhe-odin-udobnyj-instrument-dlya-sozdaniya-intellekt-kart/) - MAPMYself (инструмент для создания интеллект-карт онлайн – http://www.mapmyself.com/), - VUE (The Visual Understanding Environment, Tufts University | is a tool for managing and integrating digital resources in support of teaching, learning and research; visual environment for structuring, presenting, and sharing digital information – http://vue.tufts.edu/), - TheBrain (a powerful brainstorming and knowledge management tool – http://www.thebrain.com/), - mindmaps (online service to work with mind maps – http://ruseller.com/service.php?rub=22&id=2228), - iMindMap Basic (ThinkBuzan.com – http://www.thinkbuzan.com/uk/products/imindmap/basic), - IHMC Cmap Tools (a software that enpowers users to construct, navigate, share knowledge models represented as Concept Maps).

10.1 Additional sources of references (Mind Mapping tools)

- Main principles of mind maps processing (in Russian – http://www.cfin.ru/management/controlling/mind_map.shtml), - What is Mind Map? – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_map, - 7 Ways to Use Mind Maps in Business (ThinkBuzan, 2010 – http://www.thinkbuzan.com/uk/articles/view/7-ways-to-use-mind-maps-in-business, - The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct and Use Them by J.D.Novak and A.J.Carias – http://cmap.ihmc.us/Publications/ResearchPapers/TheoryCmaps/TheoryUnderlyingConceptMaps.htm, - Introduction to Concept Mapping – http://www.inspiration.com/visual-learning/concept-mapping.

10.2 Extra publications (reports, papers, etc. - samples)

- Backlund A. The Definition of System, Kybernetes, vol. 29, #4, 2000, pp. 444-451. - Systems Thinking – Key Concepts (ICRA Learning Resources), 6 p. - Crawford L., Pollack J. Hard and Soft Projects Framework for Analysis, Int. Journal Project Management, vol. 22, #8, 2004, pp. 645-653. - Reisman A., Oral M. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM): A Context Within a 50-Year Retrospective of OR/MS, Interfaces, vol. 35, #2, 2005, pp. 164-178. - Niu N., Lopez A.Y., Cheng J.-R. C. Using Soft Systems Methodology to Improve Requirements Practices: an Exploratory Case Study, IET Software, vol. 5, #6, 2011, pp. 487-495. - Bennetts P., Wood-Harper A.T. The Soft System Methodology as a Framework for Software Process Improvement, Journal of End User Computing, vol. 10, #1, 1998, pp. 12-19.

Author of the syllabus: ____________________ Konstantin Y. Degtyarev

Федеральное государственное автономное …the national research...

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