PASSIVE VOICE I. PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION (Cch i sang cu b ng)Mun chuyn mt cu t th ch ng sang th b ng, ta thc hin nhng bc sauActive :SVAO

Passive :SVPby + Object1. Ly tn ng ca cu ch ng (active) lm ch ng ca cu b ng (passive).2. i ng t ch ng (VA) thnh ng t b ng (VP) VP = be + past participle (p.p)TENSESACTIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICE

Present Simple

S +V/ V(s / es)S + am / is / are + Vp.p

Present ContinuousS + am / is / are + V-ing

S + am / is / are + being + V p.p

Present PerfectS + have / has + Vp.p

S + have / has + been +V p.p

Past SimpleS + Vp / Ved

S + was / were + Vp.p

Past ContinuousS + was / were + V-ing

S + was / were + being + Vp.p

Past PerfectS + had + Vp.p

S + had been +V p.p

Future SimpleS + will / shall + V(b.f)

S + will / shall + be +V p.p.

Future with be going toS + am/is/are going to +V

S +am/is/ are going to be+Vp.p

Modal verbsS + can/could/may + V

S + can/could/ may + be+ Vp.p

3. Ch ng ca cu ch ng thnh tn ng ca cu b ng v ng trc n l gii t by.Ex : The President presented the medals. The medals was presented by the President. Ch ng I, you, we, they, he, she , it, one, someone, people, someone, somebody, nobody, no one thng c b i trong cy b ng.Ex : Somebody left this purse in a classroom This purse was left in a classroom. Nu trong cu ch ng c ch ng l nobody hay no one th ng t trong cu b ng chia dng ph nhEx : Nobody saw him leaving the room. He wasnt seen leaving the room.

V tr ca cc trng t trong cu b ng : Trng t ch cch thc (Adverb of manner) thng ng gia be v past participle. Cc trng t khc thng ng sau tr ng t u tin.Ex : This problem has been carefully studied by the scientists. She had never been promoted if she wouldnt have changed her job. Trng t hoc cm t ch thi gian ng sau by + object.Ex : The report was typed by the secretary this morning. Trng t hoc cm t ch ni chn ng trc by + object.Ex : He was found in the forest by the police.

II. SPECIAL CASES : (Cc trng hp c bit)1. Questions : (Cu hi)E.g. :Should we help Jane with the sewing ? Should Jane be helped with the sewing ?What time can the boy hand in their papers ? What time can the boys papers be handed in ?Who taught you to speak English ? Who were you taught to speak English. By whom were you taught to speak English ?2. Verb with two objects : (ng t vi hai tn ng) Khi ng t ch ng c 2 tn ng ch ngi (indirect object I.O) v ch vt (direct object D.O) th c 2 tn ng u c th lm ch ng trong cu b ng.(a) V + indirect object (I.O) + direct object (D.O)E.g. : He gave (I.O) the police (D.O) information. (b) V + direct object (D.O) + preposition + indirect object (I.O)E.g. : He gave the (D.O) information to (I.O) the police. Lc ny, dng b ng c thnh lp bng 2 cch Tn ng gin tip tr thnh ch ng ca cu b ng.E.g. :The police were given information. Tn ng trc tip tr thnh ch t ca cu b ng.E.g. :The information were given to the police. Thng thng tn ng gin tip thng c chn lm ch t ca cu b ng hn l tn ng trc tip.E.g. :The council have awarded Andrew the grand prize for his essay.Andrew has been awarded the grand prize for his essay by the council. (more common)The grand prize has been awarded to Andrew for his essay by the council. (less common) Mt s ng t thng dng vi dng ny : award, give, sell, send, show, lend, pay, promise, write, teach,