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Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics / PDP Research Center 0 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 대전입자빔 플라스마 연구실 / PDP 연구센터 광운대학교 전자물리학과 [email protected] http://pdpcenter.kw.ac.kr PDP 개론 및 구동원리 PDP 개론 및 구동원리 2007년 상반기 FPD 전문가 양성 교육 세미나

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  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center0 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center

    최 은 하

    대전입자빔 및 플라스마 연구실 / PDP 연구센터

    광운대학교 전자물리학과

    [email protected]

    http://pdpcenter.kw.ac.kr

    PDP 개론 및 구동원리PDP 개론 및 구동원리

    2007년 상반기 FPD 전문가 양성 교육 세미나

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center1 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 1

    차 례

    1. PDP 개론

    1-1. PDP 소개 및 전극구조1-2. PDP 제조 공정1-3. PDP 기체 방전1-4. PDP 플라스마 및 이의 특성

    2. PDP 구동원리

    2-1. PDP 구동 특징2-2. ADS 구동법

    3. 성능 향상을 위한 PDP 기술 동향

    4. 요 약

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center2 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 2

    Home of tomorrow—displays are everywhere!

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center3 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 3

    Display Devices

    CRT LCD

    Rear Projection PDP

    http://www.lgeshop.com/jsp/jseip_PrdItm.jsp?ecpid=1171694http://www.lgeshop.com/jsp/jseip_PrdItm.jsp?ecpid=1250402

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center4 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 4

    1-1. PDP 소개 및 전극구조

    1. Plasma Display Panel 개론

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center5 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 5

    PDP와 플라스마의 의미

    ■ PDP의 명칭◇ PDP: “Plasma Display Panel”의 약자

    - 기체 방전을 이용한 표시 소자- 1964년 Bitzer and Slottow (Illionis Univ.)로부터 유래됨.

    (AC-PDP의 최초 발명자들임. 기존은 모두 DC type 이었음.)◇ 최초의 명칭은 “gas-discharge devices” (1927)

    ■ 플라스마란?◇ 플라스마: 방전에 의해서 발생되는 “전리된 기체”를 의미함.

    - Langmuir에 의해서 붙여진 이름. (“weakly ionized gas”)◇ ionization degree δ

    - δ < 10-4 : weakly ionized plasmas (“cold plasmas”)- δ > 10-4 : strongly ionize plasmas (“hot plasmas”)

    ◇ PDP: δ < 10-5

    ■ 플라스마의 발생: 제4의 물질 상태

    + +

    ++ +

    ee e

    ee

    고체 액체 기체 플라즈마

    에너지 크기

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center6 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 6

    전극이 방전공간에 그대로 노출되어 있어 전압이 인가되는 동안방전전류가 흐르게 된다. 따라서 전류제한을 위한 저항을 외부적으로만들어주어야 하는 단점이 있다. 전극이 방전 공간에 노출이 되어있어서 수명이 짧은 단점이 있다.

    전극이 유전체 층에 덮여 있어 자연스러운 용량성 형성으로전류가 제한되며, 방전 시 이온의 충격으로부터 전극을 보호하므로DC형에 비하여 수명이 길다. 단색 표시에는 용이하나 컬러표시를 위해형광체를 도포하여 사용하면 이온 충격에 의한 수명에 문제가 발생한다.

    면방전형은 표시방전이 일어나는 전극부분을 한쪽으로 모으고, 형광체를 반대쪽에 위치시켜 방전 시 이온충격으로 인한 형광체 열화를최소화함으로 AC 대향형의 문제점을 극복하였다.

    PDP의 종류

    [ DC 형 ]

    [ AC 대향형 ]

    [ AC 면방전형 ]

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center7 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 7

    History

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center8 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 8

    Plasma Display Panel

    Dielectric layer

    MgO layer

    Addressing electrode

    Sustaining electrode(ITO)

    Barrier Ribs

    Front glass

    Phosphors(RGB)

    Bus electrode

    PDP 방전 혼합 기체

    He-Ne(26 %)-Xe(4 %)/Ne-Xe(4 %) 400 torr

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center9 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 9

    가시광

    유지전극(ITO)

    유전체층 보호층(MgO)

    SiO2층

    격벽

    형광체층

    Bus 전극

    방전(자외선)

    형광체 발광

    유전체층

    어드레스전극

    AC형 PDP의 구조

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center10 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 10

    What is a PDP?

    • 효율 (현 1.8 lm/W) PDP의 단점 :

    PDP의 장점대형화 (40인치 이상)가볍고 얇은 구조

    160도 이상의 넓은 시야각

    A Flat panel display using phosphor luminescence by UV photons emitted from discharge plasmas.

    White light emission

    DischargeDischargeDischarge

    저가

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center11 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 11

    Operation & Research issues

    PDP cell uses the mixture gases of Xe, Ne, and He at the pressure rangeof 400 ~ 500 Torr.

    Research issues of present PDPs

    Low luminous efficiencyHigh power consumptionImage qualityLifetimeHigh price

    Present PDPs

    1.5 lm/W

    CRTs

    5.0 lm/W

    Future PDPs

    Over3.0 lm/WPhosphor layer

    Xe* Xe* Xe* Xe*

    VUVvisiblelight

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center12 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 12

    What are the merits of PDP?

    대형화대형화 용이용이

    40 inch40 inch60 inch60 inch

    80 inch80 inch

    박박 형형

    1/10 of CRT1/10 of CRT

    경경 량량

    1/6 of CRT1/6 of CRT

    넓은넓은 시야각시야각

    160160oo or moreor more

    화면화면 Uniformity Uniformity 좋음좋음 자계자계 영향영향 없음없음

    NN

    CRTCRTPDPPDP

    SS

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center13 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 13

    Power consumptionPDP is

    better !

    Image qualityPDP is

    better !

    Average brightness ~ 500 cd/m2 Peak brightness ~ 1100 cd/m2

    LCD TV vs PDP TV

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center14 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 14

    PDP와 LCD 의 Main Zone 비교

    FHD(1920×1080)

    HD(1280×768)

    SD(640×480)

    10 15 20 30 40 50 60

    Current LCD-TV

    Future LCD-TVFuture PDP

    Current PDP

    70 inch

    ○ Main zone of PDP is Larger than that of TFT-LCD - PDP : 40”~50” / TFT : 30”

    ○ Maximum size of PDP is unlimited (PDP 100” / TFT 50”)

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center15 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 15

    Display 장치에서 PDP는대형화 디지털화의 첨단을주도하는 Device이다.

    102nchPDP

    102nch102nchPDPPDP

    세계 최대 PDP TV (SDI)-102 inch

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center16 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 16

    Power Consumption of PDP and LCD TV

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center17 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 17

    1-2. PDP 제조 공정

    1. Plasma Display Panel 개론

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center18 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 18

    ITO-glass세정

    ◆ ITO가 coating 되어있는 유리 기판상의오염 물질을 제거함.(cf. ITO 패턴을 유리 기판에 직접

    형성할 경우도 있음)◆ 중성세제, NaOH 등 사용◇ Wet-station 사용

    ITO 전극패턴

    ◆ ITO 전극을 설계치대로 패턴화 시킴.◆ 노광법을 많이 사용함.◇ DFR 라미네이팅 또는 PR 코팅 노광

    (패턴 마스크 사용) 현상 에칭박리 패턴 검사

    ◇ 라미네이터, 노광기, Wet-station

    BUS 전극패턴

    ◆ BUS 전극 (보조 전극)을 형성함.◆ 인쇄법 (Ag paste), 포토법 (Ag 감광성

    paste), Cr/Cu(Al)/Cr 박막 적층 (포토에칭법, lift-off 법 등)

    ◇ FODEL 인쇄법: 전극 paste 전면 인쇄건조 노광 (패턴 마스크) 현상소성 패턴 검사

    Black Stripe패턴

    ◆ 비방전 영역에 외광 반사 억제용 패턴

    형성

    ◆ 인쇄법, 포토법, BUS와 동시 소성법 등

    AC-PDP의 제조 공정 (상판 ①)

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center19 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 19

    투명 유전층

    전면 도포

    ◆ 전극과 방전 가스 간을 절연시킴.◆ 가시광 투과율이 좋아야 함.◆ PbO(-SiO2-B2O3)를 많이 사용.

    무연재: P2O3, B2O3, ZnO, SiO2, Al2O3◇ 인쇄법을 많이 사용.

    일부 업체는 Green-sheet laminating 법.

    Sealing용Frit glass

    도포

    ◆ 상판과 하판과의 밀봉 목적.frit glass를 하판 쪽에 도포하기도 함.

    ◆ 연화점이 배기 공정 온도보다 높아야 함.◆ (PbO,SiO2,B2O3) + Vehicle(수지+용제)◇ Dispenser 사용.

    MgO 보호막형성

    ◆ 투명 유전층 위에 MgO 막 형성 (7,000Å)① 2차 전자 방출 ② 유전층 보호막

    ◆ MgO 외의 대체 물질을 아직 찾지 못함.◇ E-beam evaporation 법, Ion-sputtering

    법, Ion-plating 법 등.

    AC-PDP의 제조 공정 (상판 ②)

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center20 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 20

    Glass 기판세정

    ◆ 유리 기판상의 오염 물질을 제거함.◆ 중성세제, NaOH 등 사용◇ Wet-station 사용

    어드레스

    전극 패턴

    ◆ 어드레스 전극을 패턴화 시킴.◆ 노광법을 많이 사용함.◇ 상판의 BUS 전극 공정과 거의 유사함.◇ 인쇄법의 경우 라미네이터, 노광기,

    Wet-station 등의 장비 사용.

    하판 유전층

    형성

    ◆ 전극과 방전 가스 간을 절연시킴.◆ 가시광 반사율이 좋아야 함.◆ 백색 안료로 ZrO2, B3N4, TiO2 사용.

    무연재: P2O3, B2O3, ZnO, SiO2, Al2O3◇ 인쇄법, green-sheet 법, 테이블 코팅법,

    격벽과 동시 제작법 등.

    Black Stripe패턴

    ◆ 셀 별로 독립적인 방전 공간 확보 역할과

    형광체가 도포되는 기반 역할.◆ 모유리 (Pb-B-Si-Al-O)에 filler 및 안료

    (흑색 또는 백색)를 첨가.◇ 인쇄법, 샌드블라스팅법, 에칭법, lift-off

    법, 감광성 페이스트법, 몰딩법 등.◇ 인쇄법: (인쇄-건조)를 10회~15회 정도

    반복한 후 최종적으로 소성함.

    AC-PDP의 제조 공정 (하판 ①)

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center21 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 21

    형광층

    도포

    ◆ 격벽의 라인별 또는 셀 별로 R, G, B의가시광을 내는 형광체를 격벽면에 도포함.

    ◆ 모유리 (Pb-B-Si-Al-O)에 filler 및 안료(흑색 또는 백색)를 첨가.

    ◇ 인쇄법, 샌드블라스팅법, 에칭법, lift-off법, 감광성 페이스트법, 프레스법 등.

    ◇ 인쇄법: (인쇄-건조)를 10회~15회 정도반복한 후 최종적으로 소성함.

    AC-PDP의 제조 공정 (하판 ② + 봉착 및 가스 주입)

    상·하판 봉착

    ↑gas

    가열 배기가스 주입tip-offAging

    [완성]

    torch

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center22 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 22

    1-3. PDP 기체 방전(PDP gas discharge)

    1. Plasma Display Panel 개론

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center23 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 23

    원자의 여기 발광

    He

    바닥상태 들뜬상태( ~ ns) 이온화

    E = hv = hλ/c

    기 체 최저 여기 전압(V) 준안정 전압 여기 파장(V) 전리 전압(V)

    He 21.2

    16.5

    11.6

    9.98

    8.45

    19.8 58.4 24.6

    Ne 16.62 74.4 21.6

    Ar 11.55 107 15.8

    Kr 9.91 124 14.0

    Xe 8.32 147 12.1

    Metastable(준안정원자 ~ ms)

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center24 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 24

    Plasma Generation

    1) Gases

    기체공명전위

    (eV)τγ

    (nsec)준안정준위

    (eV)τm

    (sec)공명선

    (nm)이온화에너지

    (eV)

    He

    Ar

    Kr

    Xe

    Hg

    Ne

    21.21

    16.85

    11.61

    10.02

    8.45

    4.89

    0.56

    20.70

    10.20

    4.40

    3.80

    19.80

    16.62

    11.55

    9.91

    8.32

    4.67

    70.8

    1.3

    1

    58.4

    73.4

    107.0

    124.0

    147.0

    253.7

    24.58

    21.56

    15.76

    14.00

    12.13

    10.43

    (6×105,2×10-2)

    ∗ Xe*(147nm), Xe+Xe*→Xe2* (173nm) (Excited Dimer Rad.)∗ Hg : Evaporation temp.(40°~140°) depends on pressure(10Torr~100Torr)

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center25 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 25

    Elastic Collision &Inelastic Collision

    Elastic Collision Cross Section

    기체의 충돌

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center26 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 26

    Impact Ionization Cross Section

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center27 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 27

    방전의 발생

    R V

    Gas

    N ~ N0exp(αD) : α = 충돌전리계수

    자속방전

    A

    r

    IiIi+J

    J

    I0A(Ii+J)

    I0 = A(I1 + J)J = rA(I1 + J)I0 = [A/(1-rA)]xI1rA = rexp(αD) = 1

    교류형 AC PDP

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center28 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 28

    Secondary Electron Emission Coefficient (Υ)from MgO Protective Layer

    i

    e

    IItCoefficienEmissionElectronSecondary =γ

    ⇐ Auger’s potential neutralizationmechanism for law ion energy Eicathode

    +

    Secondary electron

    Ii

    Ie=γIi

    Ει

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center29 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 29

    Einzel Lens

    MFC(He,Ne,Ar,Xe Gas)

    AcceleratedIon Beam

    Thermal or Cold CathodeElectron Source

    Heating Filament

    Ionized region &Accelerated region

    Anode

    Source P/S Electric Field

    MgOGlass

    +100 ~ -100V

    A

    QuadrupoleDeflector Collector

    Copper Pad (Electrode for Discharge)

    Gamma-FIB (Focused Ion Beam) Device

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center30 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 30

    lawbreakdownsPashenBpdApdVFinally

    energyionizationwhereVBApand

    d

    eMwhereM

    B

    iBi

    d

    '

    )11ln(ln

    ,

    :)/exp(

    )11ln(

    11,1)1(

    +

    =

    −=

    +=⇒

    +===−⇒

    εεαγ

    α

    γγ α

    Cathode (sustain) X Y anode (sustain/scan)

    e 1 electron M electrons

    d

    Volume ionization(avalanches)

    (M-1) ions

    Secondaryelectronemissionfrom MgO layer

    γ(M-1) electrons

    PDP Plasma Breakdown and Self-sustaining Condition

    γ

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center31 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 31

    PaschenPaschen Breakdown Characteristics on Electrode gapBreakdown Characteristics on Electrode gap

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700200

    220

    240

    260

    280

    300

    320

    340

    360

    380

    Pressure(Torr)

    Firin

    g V

    olta

    ge(V

    )

    He+Ne+Xe 80μm 110μm 140μm The breakdown voltage

    in the PDP cell increases as the electrode gap is increased for given operating gas pressure.

    ♦♦

    AC-PDP’s Breakdown Voltage – Paschen’s Law

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center32 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 32

    Paschen Paschen Breakdown Characteristics in Breakdown Characteristics in NeNe--Xe Xe and Heand He--NeNe--Xe Xe Mixture GasMixture Gas

    0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0200

    240

    280

    320

    360

    400Frequency = 50 kHzElectrode Gap =80μm

    He + Ne 27% + Xe 3%

    Ne + Xe (10%)

    Ne + Xe 7%

    Ne + Xe 4%

    Ne + Xe 2%

    Ne + Xe 1%

    Ne onlyFirin

    g V

    olta

    ge [V

    ]

    Pd [Torr-cm]

    The minimum breakdown voltages

    are found to be raised up as the Xe

    gas mixing ratio to Ne is increased.

    ♦♦

    AC-PDP’s Breakdown Voltage – Paschen’s Law

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center33 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 33

    Experimental results for various gases @ 80 eV ion energy

    6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 260 .00

    0 .02

    0 .04

    0 .06

    0 .08

    0 .10

    0 .12

    0 .14

    E io=8 .43eV

    H e(E i=24 .58eV )

    N e(E i=21 .56eV )

    A r(E i=15 .76eV )

    N 2(E i=14 .54eV )X e(E i=12 .13eV )

    γ

    ion ized energy [eV ]

    γ o f M gO s ing le crys ta l

    80eV ion energy

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center34 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 34

    1-4. PDP 플라스마 및 이의 특성

    1. Plasma Display Panel 개론

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center35 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 35

    Monochromator & SFICCD Camera Exp- setup

    SFICCD Camera

    (V - Tek)

    Monochromator (Acton Research co.)

    AC-PDP Electro-Optical Characteristics

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center36 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 36

    400 500 600 700 800 9000

    10000

    20000

    30000

    40000

    50000

    60000

    70000

    Ne 703.2nm

    Xe 828nm

    Xe 823.2nm

    Ne 585nm red phosphor

    green phosphorblue phosphor

    Ne+Xe(4%)

    Inte

    nsity

    (arb

    .uni

    ts)

    Wavelength (nm)

    140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180

    70000

    600Torr

    400Torr

    200Torr

    Wavelength (nm)

    Pres

    sure

    (Torr)

    Inte

    nsity

    (arb

    . uni

    ts)

    Spectral emission from PDP cells : VUV (147, 173nm), IR (823, 828nm)

    IR (823, 828nm) Spectrum VUV (147, 173nm) Spectrum

    - 49 -

    AC-PDP Electro-Optical Characteristics

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center37 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 37

    0 2 4 6 8 10

    5.5

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    7.5

    8.0

    8.5

    9.0

    Ion

    Den

    sity

    (x10

    11cm

    -3)

    Xe Mixture Ratio (%)

    f = 100 kHzp = 400 Torr

    0 2 4 6 8 100.5

    1.0

    1.5

    2.0

    2.5

    3.0

    3.5

    4.0

    4.5

    5.0

    pressure = 400 Torrfrequency = 100 kHz

    VU

    V E

    ffici

    ency

    (arb

    .Uni

    ts)

    Xe Mixture Ratio (%)

    Ion density VUV Efficiency

    미소 방전 플라스마 이온 밀도와 VUV 147nm 효율과의 관계

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center38 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 38

    Ion density and electron temperature across the gap distance (Y-axis) under He(70%)+Ne(26%)+Xe(4%) mixtures

    120μm

    50μm

    50μm

    -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 1500

    2

    4

    6

    8

    Distance(um)

    Tem

    pera

    ture

    (eV)

    -6

    0

    6

    12

    18

    24

    30

    Density( x10

    11cm-3)

    Temperature Density

    -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 1500

    2

    4

    6

    Distance(um)

    Tem

    pera

    ture

    (eV)

    Temperature Density

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    12

    14

    16

    Density( x10

    11cm-3)

    Ion density and electron temperature across the gap distance (Y-axis) under Ne(96%)+Xe(4%) mixtures

    GasIon density

    (x1011 cm-3 )Te (eV)

    Ternary gas 3.81 ~ 20 1.77 ~ 3.73

    Binary gas 8.3 ~ 11.1 1.2 ~ 1.6

    PDP 미소방전 플라스마 밀도 및 전자온도 측정 (3차원)

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center39 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 39

    Xe 혼합비율에 따른 Xe 여기종 밀도측정 (823.1nm)

    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

    0.0

    3.0x10116.0x10119.0x10111.2x10121.5x10121.8x10122.1x10122.4x10122.7x10123.0x1012

    Exc

    ited

    Xe

    Ato

    m D

    ensi

    ty [

    cm-3]

    Positon [um]

    Ne-Xe (1%) Ne-Xe (4%) Ne-Xe (10%)

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center40 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 40

    700 ns

    750 ns

    800 ns

    900 ns

    600 ns

    Stripe Barrier rib Closed Barrier ribSustain

    Electrode

    ITO ITO

    710 ns

    Anode AnodeCathode Cathode

    Spatiotemporal behavior of excited Xe(1s5) atoms density

    1000 ns

    1200 ns

    1300 ns

    1400 ns

    1500 ns

    1100 ns

    1600 ns

    1700 ns

    1800 ns

    1900 ns

    2000 ns

    1.28 x 1013 cm-3 1.45 x 1013 cm-3

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center41 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 41

    2원/3원 혼합기체 조성비에 따른 VUV Efficiency

    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    VUV

    Effic

    ienc

    y (a

    rb. U

    nits

    )

    Xe mixture ratio (%)

    400 Torr Ne-Xe (%) He(70%)-Ne-Xe (%)

    VUV Efficiency versus XMF at 400 Torr

    200 300 400 5000

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    The relative VUV efficiency has been obtained by dividing the sum of VUV intensities from 140 nm to 180 nm by the discharge power

    VUV

    Effic

    ienc

    y (a

    rb. U

    nits

    )

    Pressure (Torr)

    Xe 15% Ne-Xe(%) He(70%)-Ne-Xe(%)

    VUV Efficiency versus pressure at XMF 15%

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center42 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 42

    Decay time of VUV versus gas pressure

    The Decay time of VUV 147 nm of Ne-Xe The Decay time of VUV 173 nm of Ne-Xe

    200 250 300 350 400 450 5001.51.61.71.81.92.02.12.22.32.42.52.62.7

    Dec

    ay ti

    me

    (μs)

    Pressure (Torr)

    4 % 7 % 10 % 15 %

    200 250 300 350 400 450 5001.0

    1.2

    1.4

    1.6

    Dec

    ay ti

    me (μ

    s)

    Pressure (Torr)

    4% 7% 10% 15%

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center43 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 43

    2-1. PDP 구동 특징

    2. Plasma Display Panel 구동 원리

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center44 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 44

    Gray scale 표현

    Frame

    Frame

    Frame

    Oddfield

    Evenfield

    FrameSF-1

    SF-3SF-2

    SF-8

    Movies(24 frames/sec)

    •1 Frame ; 칼라 및 음영에 대한 완전한 정보를 수록한 1장의 사진•1 Frame = 16.7msec ( T=1/f )♦사람의 눈은 1/60초 사이에 눈으로 들어오는 光의 총량(적분치)을 일정한 변하지 않는 광량으로 인식.

    TV(Interlace scan)(60 frames/sec = Odd + Even field)

    Matrix Panel(8sub-field)(60 frames/sec)

    Frame

    Frame

    256 계조 구현(28)

    ‘05 PDP winter school, C. W. Lee, Plasma lamp

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center45 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 45

    Matrix Panel의 다중 구동(PDP)

    신호전극전원 Vd

    R

    D1 D2 D3 D4

    S1

    S2

    S3

    S4

    S5

    주사전극전원 Vs

    • 방전의 임계(threshold) 값

    Vf

    Vs

    방전 전류 I

    방전

    전압

    V

    Ex) Vf = 120 V, Vd, Vs=?

    |Vd - Vs | ≥ Vf| Vd |, | Vs | < Vf

    R=0Ω

    700㏀

    ‘05 PDP winter school, C. W. Lee, Plasma lamp

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center46 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 46

    임계값을 이용한 화상 표시

    S1 -Vs0

    S2 -Vs0

    S3 -Vs0

    S4 -Vs0

    S5 -Vs0

    D1Vd

    0

    D2Vd

    0

    D3Vd

    0

    D4Vd

    0

    t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 시간

    1 Frame

    다중 구동 전압 파형

    신호전극전원 Vd

    RD1 D2 D3 D4

    S1

    S2

    S3

    S4

    S5

    주사전극전원 Vs

    • Time duty ratio (m x n cells ; 1/n)- 1 Frame = 16.7 msec (1/60 ; t0 ~ t5)- 최대 휘도 = duty 1- 4 x 5 cells = duty 1/5- 640 x 480 = “ 1/480

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center47 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 47

    Memory Type PDP

    Refresh Type PDP

    1.0

    0.1

    0.01

    0.0011 10 100 1000

    구동 Line 수

    ☞ Brightness ∝ Current, Time

    Brightness vs Current, Time

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center48 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 48

    입력신호 변조구동회로

    1H 메모리1 frame 메모리

    Device예

    구동법 점순차 선순차 전병렬 동시

    구동의개요

    1Frame당최대 발광시간 0.1us 60us 16.7ms

    CRT 일반 매트릭스형 판넬 거대 화면 디스플레이

    ‘05 PDP winter school, C. W. Lee, Plasma lamp

    ☞ Display의 휘도는 주어진 pixel을 발광 시키는데 할당되는 pixel dwell time으로 결정.Pixel dwell time ; 한 frame time 중 주어진 pixel을 발광 시키는데 쓸 수 있는 시간으로 정의.Ex) m열 x n행의 정보용량을 갖는 display device에 있어서,

    1) Pixel - at - a - time인 경우 → Pixel dwell time =frame time / (m x n)2) Pixel - at - line - time인 경우 → Pixel dwell time =frame time / n

    Display의 일반적 구동 방법

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center49 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 49

    구동의 기본적인 Sequence (AC-Type)

    •준비동작 ; 각 Cell들의초기화및활성화기간•기입동작 ; Scan전극과 Addr.전극간의 data기입기간•유지동작 ; X-Y전극간교류펄스에의한유지방전기간

    Fujitsu 42”

    2.3㎲

    7.0㎲

    160V

    -120V

    -360V

    130㎲

    20㎲ 2.5㎲ 7㎲180V

    0.8㎲

    20㎲-356V

    -160V

    170V

    -222V3.55㎲

    -160V-122V

    8.2㎲ 5.3㎲174V

    Pioneer 50”

    Matsushita 42”-207V

    -125V

    420V5㎲

    187V

    -200V

    -270V2.2㎲

    VY-VX-VA

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center50 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 50

    Wall charge / wall voltage by a square voltage pulse

    VfV appliedV wall

    lightcurrent

    2. Wall charge growing

    +e

    +

    +

    e

    e+ e

    + e

    + e+ + ee

    + e+ e

    1. Discharge initiation 3. Wall voltage set-up

    + e+ + ee+ e+ e

    +e

    1 2 3

    VVcellcell = = VVappliedapplied ++VVwallwall

    V

    ‘05 PDP winter school, J. J. Koz, FTLab

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center51 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 51

    Memory Effect – Wall Charge Memory

    +- ++ ---+

    X-

    +

    Y

    A

    +-++

    ---+

    X-

    +

    Y

    A

    +

    -

    ++

    --- +

    X-

    +

    Y

    A

    +

    -

    ++

    -

    -

    -

    +

    X-

    +

    Y

    A

    Qw+- ++--- +

    X+

    Y

    A

    - + -+ + ---X

    +Y

    A

    Qw

    -+

    X

    A

    Y

    X

    A

    Y

    X

    A

    Y

    Selection by the discharge btw Y and A electrode

    Memorization by the wall charge accumulated on the dielectric surface

    Display by the discharge btw X and Y electrode

    1 2 3 4 5 6

    1 3

    4

    5 6

    2

    ‘05 PDP winter school, J. J. Koz, FTLab

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center52 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 52

    X

    Y1

    Y2

    Y3Y4

    Y5

    Y6

    A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

    A1A2A3

    A4

    A5

    Addressing Method

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center53 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 53

    2-2. ADS 구동법

    2. Plasma Display Panel 구동 원리

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center54 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 54

    1 2 3 4

    어드레스 전극

    Y1

    Y2

    Y3

    어드레스 기간 방전유지 기간

    쓰기신호펄스

    쓰기주사펄스

    전면동시소등펄스

    전면동시점등펄스

    step

    초기화 기간

    Xn

    ADS(Address Display Separation) 구동

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center55 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 55

    Separating the address period and sustain period of each sub-field

    SF1 SF2 SF3 SF4 SF5 SF6 SF7 SF8 Orig

    inal Im

    age

    1.....2

    480128T64T32T16T8T4T2T1T

    1TV field (time)

    scan

    line

    address

    sustain

    sub-field

    8 Subfield in 1 TV-Field (ADS)

    Color imaging

    Courtesy of SAIT, Dr. S.-H. Son

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center56 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 56

    8단계의 계조를 표시할 때 !

    - 2진형태의 서브필드 구성

    서브필드 시간의 길이를SF1의 경우 20=1SF2의 경우 21=2SF3의 경우 22=4 의 비율로 차등을두어 구성

    Ex) 3 개의 서브필드 -> 8 계조 구현(23)8 개의 서브필드 -> 256 계조 구현(28)

    계조표시 방식

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center57 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 57

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2

    Y3Y3

    Y4Y4

    Y5Y5

    Y6Y6

    Y7Y7

    Y8Y8

    11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88

    Level 1Level 1

    Level 3Level 3

    Level 5Level 5

    Level 7Level 7LevelLevel SF1SF1 SF2SF2 SF3SF311 onon offoff33 onon onon55 onon77 onon onon

    offoffonononon

    offoffoffoff

    Ex) ‘A’ 를 4단계의 계조로 표현하고자 할 때,

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center58 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 58

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1A2A2

    A3A3A4A4

    A5A5A6A6

    A7A7A8A8

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1A2A2

    A3A3A4A4

    A5A5A6A6

    A7A7A8A8

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1A2A2

    A3A3A4A4

    A5A5A6A6

    A7A7A8A8

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    전화면

    전화면

    기입기입

    전화면

    전화면

    소거소거

    선순차

    선순차

    어드레스

    어드레스

    전화면

    전화면

    유지방전

    유지방전

    유지방전유지방전 22회회

    SF1SF1

    XXYY

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center59 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 59

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1A2A2

    A3A3A4A4

    A5A5A6A6

    A7A7A8A8

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1A2A2

    A3A3A4A4

    A5A5A6A6

    A7A7A8A8

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    A6A6

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1A2A2

    A3A3A4A4

    A5A5 A7A7A8A8

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    전화면

    전화면

    기입기입

    전화면

    전화면

    소거소거

    선순차

    선순차

    어드레스

    어드레스

    전화면

    전화면

    유지방전

    유지방전

    유지방전유지방전 44회회

    SF2SF2

    YY XX

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center60 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 60

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1A2A2

    A3A3A4A4

    A5A5A6A6

    A7A7A8A8

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1A2A2

    A3A3A4A4

    A5A5A6A6

    A7A7A8A8

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    A2A2 A4A4 A6A6 A8A8

    Y1Y1

    Y2Y2Y3Y3Y4Y4Y5Y5Y6Y6Y7Y7Y8Y8

    A1A1 A3A3 A5A5 A7A7

    X1X1

    X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5X6X6X7X7

    X8X8

    전화면

    전화면

    기입기입

    전화면

    전화면

    소거소거

    선순차

    선순차

    어드레스

    어드레스

    전화면

    전화면

    유지방전

    유지방전

    유지방전유지방전 88회회

    SF3SF3

    YY XX

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center61 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 61

    3. 성능 향상을 위한 PDP 기술 동향

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center62 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 62

    Power dissipated(Normalized) 100W

    UV emission 8W

    UV reaching phosphor 4W

    Visible emission by phosphor 160 lm (0.8W)

    Useful visible light 80 lm (0.4W)

    8% (discharge)

    50% (geometrical effect)40 lm/watt( 20%)(photoluminescence)50% (geometrical effect)

    Global Efficiency 0.8 lm/W (0.4%)

    •• AfterAfter: H.: H.DoyeuxDoyeux(Thomson)(Thomson)

    AC-PDP Model – Luminous Efficiency

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center63 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 63

    PDP 중심 과제

    항목 세부 목표

    고효율화 5 lm/W(800 cd/m2, 250 W)

    고화질화 고정세(1024 X 1024), 동화위 윤곽, image sticking

    저가격화 /상품화 저가격화($ 40/inch), 장수명화(10년이상), 경량 박막화

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center64 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 64

    Pioneer – T자형 전극 구조 및 Waffle 격벽

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center65 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 65

    Cell Structure 변화에 따른 발광효율 향상

    Deep Cell Pixel Structure (Pioneer)

    형광체 도포 면적 증가

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center66 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 66

    MgO Layer130μm

    ElectrodeDielectric

    Glass Electrode

    Phosphor

    100μm

    70μm

    Glass

    1,080 μm

    Most popular PDP structure !

    AC-PDP Model – Fujitsu PDP

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center67 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 67

    ???

    AC-PDP Model – New PDP Cell for 10 lm/W

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center68 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 68

    Breakthrough

    Fujitsu

    3 El. Surface Discharge Type

    ADS Driving

    ALiS El. & Driving

    Meander Rib

    Panasonic

    Fence Type El. St.Asymmetry Barrier

    RibRamp ResetPlasma AI

    T-Shape El.

    Waffle type Barrier Rib

    CLEAR

    Pioneer

    KOREA

    Cell Structure ?

    Driving Method

    ?

    Efficiency

    Unique !

    Brightness !

    Power consumption !

  • Kwangwoon Univ. Electrophysics/ PDP Research Center69 All contents remain the property of Displaybank and the author Kwangwoon Univ. / PDP research center 69

    1. PDP is based on the gas discharge plasma characteristics.

    2. Both PDP & LCD display are very important and essential for growing engines of Korea.

    3. PDP & LCD will have the same or similar picture quality, efficiency in perfomancecharacteristics to each other now .

    4. Price will be main key factor for consumers to select PDP or LCD in large sized flat TV over 40”.

    요 약

    HistoryWhat is a PDP?Operation & Research issues Plasma GenerationColor imagingBreakthrough