Perosomus elumbisのホルスタイン種子牛の1例

誌名 The journal of veterinary medical scienceISSN 09167250著者名 Son,J.M.

Yong,H.Y.Lee,D.S.Choi,H.J.Jeong,S.M.Lee,Y.W.Cho,S.W.Shin,S.T.Cho,J.K.

発行元 Japanese Society of Veterinary Science巻/号 70巻5号掲載ページ p. 521-523発行年月 2008年5月

農林水産省 農林水産技術会議事務局筑波産学連携支援センターTsukuba Business-Academia Cooperation Support Center, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research CouncilSecretariat

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NOTE Theriogenology

A Case of Perosomus Elumbis in a Holstein Calf

Jung-Min SON')， Hwan-Yul YONG2)， Doo-Soo LEE')， Ho-Jung CHOI')， Seong-Mok JEONG'>' Young-Won LEE')，

Sung-Whan CHO')， Sang-Tae SHIN') and Jong-Ki CHO')*

J)College of Veterinary Medicine， Chungnam National University， 220 Gung-dong， Yuseong-gu， Daejeon 305-764 and 2!Lab. ofVeterinary Biotechnology & Embryology， BK21， College ofVeterinary Medicine， Chungbuk National Universi伽 Cheongju361-763. South Korea

(Received 28 February 2oo7/Accepted 9 January 2008)

ABST貼Cf.Perosomus elumbis is an occasionally found congenital anomaly of unknown etiology and is characterized by partial or com-plete agenesis of lumbar， sacral and coccygeal vertebrae and ankylosis of the hindlimbs. A 2-day-old female Holstein calf presented nearly normal forelimbs but flexure and ankylosis of the hindlimbs. The vertebrae and pelvic malforrnations and agenesis were radio-graphed and then n巴cropsied.Mild ankylosis of the hindlimbs， absence of cauda equina， left scoliosis in state of fusion of TlI and TI2 and complet巴 fusionof lA and L5，口紅rowedpelvic canal and misshapen ilium were confirmed. However， abnormal development or agenesis was not obs巴rvedin the urogenital and intestinal system in出iscalf. KEY WORDS: Holstein calf， perosomus elumbis.

Perosomus elumbis is an occasionally found congenital

disease of swine， sheep and dogs and is mor巴 commonly

seen in cattle [4， 7， 9]. It is characterized by partial or com-plete agenesis of lumbar， sacral and coccygeal vertebrae and usually includes arthrogryposis of the hind limbs and mal-

formations of the musculature. This anomaly was first

reported in a calf in the veterinary literature in 1832， and sinc巴thenmany cases have been reported [6]. However， its accurate etiology has not b巴enfully elucidated.

A 2-day-old female Holstein calf that presented a仕ophy

and p紅白isof出ehindlimbs， malformation of出eanus and

vulva and agenesis of出巴 tailwas referred to the Veterinary

Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National Univer-sity (Fig. 1). It was bom uneventfully from a parturient dam

bougiJt at a local cattle market. The calf had a shorten巴d

よVet.Med. Sci. 70(5): 521-523， 2008

trunk， weighed 34.25 kg and was unable to stand on its hind

limbs but appear，巴dto have normal movement of the front

limbs. In addition， yellowish so白stooloozed from the small and everted anus， and blood was observed intermittently.

Mucus streamed down its enlarged and aberrant vagina， but urination was comparatively normal.

Its complete blood count and blood chemistry examina-tions revealed a fairly normal state， except for a white blood

cell (WBC) count of 36470/.μl and thrombocyte count of 1.444 x 106/μl. Radiographic analysis reveal巴dthat the ver-

tebral column was abruptly truncated at the L6 level， with agenesis of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. Also， asym-metric 12th rib in state of fusion of Tll and Tl2， complete

、fusionof L4 and L5 and narrowed pelvic canal were found (Fig.2).

Fig. 1. A 2-day-old Ho1stein ca1f affected by perosomus巴lumbis. a) Note the lack of development of the caudal part of the body， p紅白isof the hindlimbs and b) A small and everted anus and enlarged and aberrant vagina.

* CORRESPONDENCE TO・CHO，J.-K.， Laboratory of Theriogeno1ogy， College of Veterinary Medicine， Chungnam National University， Daejeon 305-764， South Korea e-mai1: cjki@cnu.ac.kr

522 J-M. SON ET AL.

Fig. 2. Lateral a) and ventrodorsal b) abdorninal radiographs. The vertebral colurnn is abruptly位uncatedat the level of L6， wi出agenesis of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. An asyrnrne凶crib (RI2+) in state of fusion of Tll -Tl2へcompl巴tefusion of L4 -L5料 andnarrowed pelvic canal were presented.

The body of the calf was rotated twice daily to prevent pressure sores， and 3-4 1 of colostrum was administered to ensure adequate passive immunity within 24 hr postpartum. Two daily feedings of 2.7 to 3.4 kg whole milk were also administered for 12 days. The calf lived for thirteen days， but was euthanized at the owner' s request due to the severity of its lesions.

Postmortem examination showed that the abdominal organs were fairly normal except for a horseshoe kidney. Int巴restingly，neither abnormal development nor agenesis was not observed in白eurogenital and intestinal systems of this calf. In addition to出巴mildankylosis of出ehind limbs，

severe atrophy of the distal portions of the lumbar muscles and of白巴 hindlimbs w巴reobserved. In the vertebral col-umn， apart from出巴caudaequina being absent， left scoliosis was confirmed in state of fusion of right Tll and Tl2 was in state of hemivertebra at Tl2 (Fig. 3.). Moreover， deformity

Fig. 3. Anatornical dissection of the vertebral colurnn. a， b) Note the complete fusion of L4 and L5 (ム)and that the pelvic canal was nar-rowed and th巴iliumwas rnisshapen (ム).c) Fusion of right Tll飢 dTl2 (企)and hernivertebra at Tl2 (.) and a， d) Left scoliosis with fusion ofTl1 and T12 (企)

of T13 and complete fusion of L4 and L5 were observed. Exarnination of the pelvis revealed a narrowed canal and a misshapen ilium.

Perosomus e1umbis is a fairly common cong巴nitaldefect in cattle [7， 9]. Malformation or improper migration of出巴

neural tube during the tail-bud stage， accompanied by par-tial agenesis of the caudal spinal cord， appears to be the caus巴 ofthis abnormality [5， 6]. Abnormal development usually occurs when a threshold of genetic and environmen-tal insults is attained and the fetal compensatory mecha-nisms are overcome [10]. Thus， purely genetic defects can originate from the dam， the sire or both， and environmental teratogens are usually numerous， as are nutritional deficien-cies and excesses， chemicals， drugs and biotoxins. More-over， ingestion of the plant Veratrum californicum by Merino sh巴ephas been considered a possible cause of fetal deformities [3]. However， its accurate etiology is still unknown. In this case， because the dam was purchased while in a late stage of gestation， the exact teratogen was unclear. In cases of perosomus elumbis， complications are encountered when spontaneous labor is attempted because the hind limbs ar巴 oftenankylosed and distorted [8]. Reg紅 dless，many of the calves described in the literature were stillborn or dead on presentation [1， 2， 6]. Compared with another cas巴reportedin Korea [11]， the birth ofthe calf in this report was completely normal and the calf lived with-out extraordinary effort until euthanasia because it had nor-mal gastrointestinal function except for an everted anus Moreover， this calf eventually tried to stand on its own and maintained a sternum position intermittently in which it feel most comfortable to respire. Further res巴archis necessary to identify出巴 etiologyof perosomus elumbis.

PEROSOMUS ELUMBIS 523

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