presentasi ssm

8/12/2019 Presentasi SSM

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Soft System nalysis

Nonprofit Organizatio

and Humanitarian Servic



INTRODUCTION

In the UAE, like in other countries both within and outside the Middle East, there has been a big wave of structural changeswithin the public sector which resulted in huge reductions in the donation to humanitarian organizations. Due to this, the SCHShas to develop a better strategy to raise money in order to keep its programs functioning at an acceptable level; and this is the

main purpose of this paper.

The research follows the tradition of the interpretive and action oriented approach, where we are looking at a real lifesituation with the objective of both acquiring knowledge about the situation in order to improve it.

The paper is organized as follows; first, the SSM development, characteristics and attributes are covered. Softsystemmethodology as a tool, give us the ability to perceive a system in a given situation as it perceives by all differentstakeholders. It is a kind of insight which enables us to look at complex, confused situation and perceive degree of order orinterconnection in the perceptible chaos. The methodology builds on the interpretative paradigm and “is a methodology whichrecognizes the role of individual‟s world images and the influence of historical background on the interpretation of reality ”(Jayaratna, 1994, p. 176).

As stated by Bergavall-Kareborn et al. “the methodology as a whole has changed from the seven-stage model to the twostreams (logical and cultural) model.” (p. 56). In addition, the original focus on structures and processes has been replaced

with the social, political, and historical focus.

Implications of SSM thinking for humanitarian services community:

(1) Emphasis on a problem-solving and interdisciplinary approaches within and among the community as a humanactivity system;

(2) Determining the factors that impinge on the performance and motivation of the roles and actors in all sub-systems;

(3) Understanding and approaching problems on multiple levels (bottom up and top down);

(4) Attempts for change and intervention within the community through participation of all stakeholders;

(5) Considering recursive and dynamic relation between community and its physical, biological, and human

environment which enable us to communicate with it in a sustainable framework.



Soft System Methodology

“human activity systems,” organizations could be “engineered” toward solutions of varyingdegrees of optimality or satisfaction (Checkland, 1985).

Soft systems methodology (SSM) (Checkland and Schools, 1990) is a wellknown methodologythat aims at tackling real-world problems of management. As such, it has been used both forinformation systems design and for systems design and learning in general. It focuses onmodels of perceptions, not models of complex reality and is especially suited for problemsituations labeled as complex and pluralistic.

The SSM process, which according to Checkland „is, in fact a method for the more formal

articulation of the workings of what Vickers terms the process of appreciation‟ (Checkland,1979, p. 325), consists of four main phases: finding out; systems modeling; comparison; and,taking action, illustrated in Fig. 1. It is not the phases in themselves that makes SSMparticular because as Checkland himself points out, they are all „everyday mental acts‟(Checkland, 1981, p. 214),

The purpose of the exploration is to provide a better understanding of the situation inquestion and it is usually summarized in a so-called „Rich Picture‟ (Checkland and Schools,1990).



ROOT DEFINITION

RD didapat melalui PQR formula. PQR formula membantu dalam membangun RD.

Do P (Purposeful activity – What to do?)

Do Q (A theory for support – How to do it?)

To contribute R (Result – Why do it?)

As stated above, the root definition is a condensed statement about the system and iscomparable in so many ways to a mission statement of an entity. The root definitionfor SCHS, based on its state mission statement follows:

“There is a need for stronger community participation in SCHS‟s projects. This may beestablished through new innovative means carried out by both media and publicrelations departments at SCHS in order to increase donations coming from bothindividuals and organizations.”



CATWOE



PROPOSED CHANGES



CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS

In conclusion, it is recommended that SCHS look for other sources of income andcontinue its investment projects to sustain a self-generated income in the long

run. It is also strongly recommended that SCHS develop and keep upgrading itsinformation technology system for the purpose of improving its records, data basisfor a quicker more efficient sharing of information. At the end, I recommend thatSCHS encourage innovation from within as well as from the outside. It should alsoorganize the efforts of its volunteers.

As Soft Systems methodology is an open ended technique that has a lot ofpotential for expanding on ideas and recommendations, we see that many of theproposed changes may be further investigated and elaborated on using SSM.

Finally, the recommendations listed in this paper will be implemented and the

authors are planning a post-implementation study in a couple of years in order tomeasure the impact of the changes and programs undertaken.

The authors would like to note here that the recommended changes proposedabove assume a continuation of SCHS in its current form (mission, purpose,organization, and relationship with the government of Sharjah). The suggestedchanges are expected to improve the City‟s current functioning, and that none ofthe changes are in the nature of a radical re-thinking of the essential purpose ormission of SCHS. Our in depth analysis of the City confirms our belief that thebasic form of SCHS is sound and should be continued.

presentasi ssm

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