presentation ro
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REVERSE OSMOSIS TECHNOLOGYREVERSE OSMOSIS TECHNOLOGY
FOR WATER TREATMENTFOR WATER TREATMENTAND WASTEWATER RECYCLINGAND WASTEWATER RECYCLING
RANJEET CHOWDHARYRANJEET CHOWDHARYFontus Water Ltd.Fontus Water Ltd.
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WHY TREAT WATER.WHY TREAT WATER.
Water scarcityWater scarcityIncreased level of contaminantsIncreased level of contaminantsDepletion of natural sourceDepletion of natural sourceIncreasing cost of Water Increasing cost of Water Availability of refined technologiesAvailability of refined technologiesCost reduction in different areasCost reduction in different areas
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OverviewOverview
The Membrane Filtration SpectrumThe Membrane Filtration SpectrumMembrane products and configurationsMembrane products and configurationsRORO -- Basics, Equations, TerminologiesBasics, Equations, TerminologiesRO System DesignRO System DesignEquipment and InstallationsEquipment and Installations
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M icrofiltrationM icrofiltration
Separation mechanism based on pore size of Separation mechanism based on pore size of 00..11 toto 11 micronmicronPressure requirements independent of osmoticPressure requirements independent of osmotic
pressure of solutionpressure of solutionUsually fullUsually full- -flow rather than crossflowflow rather than crossflow
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Feed
Macromolecules
Ions
Suspended Particles
Concentrate
Product
Water Flow
M icrofiltrationM icrofiltration
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U ltrafiltrationU ltrafiltration
Separation mechanism based on pore sizeSeparation mechanism based on pore sizeof up toof up to 0 0..11 micronmicronPressure requirement independent of Pressure requirement independent of
osmotic pressureosmotic pressureCrossflow filtration to provide sweeping flowCrossflow filtration to provide sweeping flowat membrane surfaceat membrane surface
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U ltrafiltrationU ltrafiltration
Feed
MacromoleculesIons
Concentrate
Product
Water Flow
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N anofiltrationN anofiltration
Minimum size rejected on order of oneMinimum size rejected on order of onenanometer nanometer Between RO and UFBetween RO and UF
Operates at ultralow pressureOperates at ultralow pressureSelective permeation of ionic salts and smallSelective permeation of ionic salts and smallsolutessolutes
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Feed
Macromolecules
Monovalent Ions
Concentrate
Product
Water Flow
Polyvalent Ions
N anofiltrationN anofiltration
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Membrane ProcessMembrane ProcessCharacteristicsCharacteristics
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R everse OsmosisR everse Osmosis
Fundamentals of M
embranes andR
everse OsmosisFundamentals of M
embranes andR
everse Osmosis
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R everse OsmosisR everse Osmosis
Application of pressure greater than osmoticApplication of pressure greater than osmoticpressure of solutionpressure of solutionDiffusion of water but not salt through aDiffusion of water but not salt through a
semipermeable membrane in directionsemipermeable membrane in directionopposite of natural flowopposite of natural flowCrossflow filtration to sweep awayCrossflow filtration to sweep awayconcentrated saltsconcentrated salts
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M ajor DesalinationM ajor DesalinationProcessesProcesses
Raw Water Salt Concentration (mg/l)Raw Water Salt Concentration (mg/l)
Ion Exchange
Electrodialysis
Distillation
TAP WATER Elements
BRACKISH WATER Elements
SEA WATER Elements
SW HR
600
10,000
1,00050Reverse Osmosis
300
50
50 10,000
40,000
50,000
20,000
10,000
2,000
50,000
100100,,0000001010
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R everse OsmosisR everse Osmosis
Feed
Ions
Concentrate
Product
Water Flow
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REVERSE OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS
What is reverse osmosisWhat is reverse osmosisWhat quality of water can be obtainedWhat quality of water can be obtainedMaintenance and operating costMaintenance and operating costOther advantagesOther advantagesDisadvantageDisadvantage
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WHAT IS REVERSE OSMOSIS WHAT IS REVERSE OSMOSIS
Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis is a modern processis a modern processtechnology by which water of high solutetechnology by which water of high soluteconcentration is forced to flow through aconcentration is forced to flow through asemisemi- -permeable membrane to the side of lowpermeable membrane to the side of lowsolute concentration.solute concentration.
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What is semiWhat is semi- -permeable?permeable?
SemiSemi- -permeable refers to a membranepermeable refers to a membranethat selectively allows certain speciesthat selectively allows certain species
to pass through it while retainingto pass through it while retainingothers.others.
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Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis PrinciplePrinciple
Conc
Dilute Conc
Dilute
OsmosisOsmosis ReverseReverseOsmosisOsmosis
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MEMBRANE PROCESSMEMBRANE PROCESS
FEEDFEED PERMEATEPERMEATE
CONCENTRATECONCENTRATE
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RO Membrane SeparationRO Membrane SeparationMechanismMechanism
Concentrated
Salts
FEED
FLOWH2OH2O
H2O
H2O Mg
Cl
Fe++
HCO 3 Ca
SO 4Na+
++
++
Membrane
Pressure
H2O H2OH2O
H2O H2OH2O
Permeate
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RO Spiral Wound ElementRO Spiral Wound ElementSchematicSchematic
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M embranes Products andM embranes Products andConfigurationsConfigurations
M embranes Products andM embranes Products and ConfigurationsConfigurations
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M embrane M aterialsM embrane M aterials
Cellulose Acetate (CA)Cellulose Acetate (CA)
Polyamide (PA)Polyamide (PA)
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Typical MembraneTypical MembranePropertiesProperties
ol te MembraneP Membrane
oi m 8 99 9 99
lori e 8 99 9 99
alci m 9 99+ 98 99+
Ma nesi m 9 99+ 98 99+
lpate 9 99+ 98 99+
arbonate 9 99+ 98 99+
on cti it 8 99 97 99ilica 8 9 98+
ases
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Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis
ParameterParameter ValueValue
PHPH 33 1010TemperatureTemperature < < 4545 CC
TurbidityTurbidity < < 11..00 NTUNTU
Silt density indexSilt density index < < 44..00
Oil & greaseOil & grease NilNil
Free chlorineFree chlorine < < 00..0101 mg/lmg/l
Fe, MnFe, Mn
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TREATMENT SCHEMEFOR REVERSE OSMOSIS
Dosingtank
RawWater Tank
Water
Cart-ridgefilter
MG
F
RO
Reje
ct
DosingTank
Treatedwater
N aOH
RWP
SBS,SH M P,
HCl
HPP
ACF
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Impurities in Water Impurities in Water
IonicIonicNon IonicNon IonicParticulateParticulate
MicrobiologicalMicrobiologicalGasesGases
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R O R emovesR O R emoves
IonicIonicNon ionicNon ionicParticulateParticulateMicrobiologicalMicrobiological
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R everse Osmosis:R everse Osmosis:What It Can DoWhat It Can Do
Remove purified water from a feedRemove purified water from a feedstream (permeate)stream (permeate)Concentrate chemicals in a feedConcentrate chemicals in a feedstream (reject)stream (reject)Selectively separates small ionsSelectively separates small ionsand moleculesand molecules
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Reverse Osmosis:Reverse Osmosis:What It Cannot DoWhat It Cannot Do
Cannot concentrate toCannot concentrate to 100 100%%Cannot separate toCannot separate to 100 100%%
Cannot reject gasesCannot reject gasesAnd isAnd isNot always the most cost effectiveNot always the most cost effective
methodmethod
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Factors Which AffectFactors Which AffectPerformance of M embranesPerformance of M embranes
Feedwater PressureFeedwater PressureFeedwater TemperatureFeedwater TemperatureFeedwater ConcentrationFeedwater ConcentrationIncreased RecoveryIncreased Recovery
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Comparative PropertiesComparative Properties
Property CA Membrane PA Membrane
Advantages Forgiving High RejectionLower Energy
DisAdvantagesHigher Pressure Low Cl2 Tolerance
Higher Energy High FoulingpH Sensitive
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R ule of ThumbR ule of Thumb
100100 ppm TDS ~ppm TDS ~ 1 1 psi osmotic pressurepsi osmotic pressure11,,000000 ppm TDS ~ppm TDS ~1010 psi osmotic pressurepsi osmotic pressure
3535,,000000 ppm TDS ~ppm TDS ~350350 psi osmotic pressurepsi osmotic pressure
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Pressure Driven M embranePressure Driven M embraneProcessesProcesses - - PressuresPressures
MembraneMembrane Typical OperatingTypical OperatingProcessProcess Pressure RangePressure Range
(PSI)(PSI)Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis
seawater seawater 0000 -- 12001200brackish water brackish water 100 100 -- 600600
NanofiltrationNanofiltration 50 50 -- 225225UltrafiltrationUltrafiltration 30 30 -- 100100MicrofiltrationMicrofiltration 2 2-- 4545
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M embrane ConfigurationsM embrane Configurations
M embrane ConfigurationsM embrane Configurations
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Spiral Wound R everse OsmosisSpiral Wound R everse Osmosis
Brine Channel Spacer
ProductWater
MembranesPermeat e
Channel Spacer
Water Flow
Feed
Brine
Brine
ProductWater
Brine Seal
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System DesignSystem Design
System DesignSystem Design
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OverviewOverview
Goal of System DesignGoal of System DesignSimplified Overview of SystemSimplified Overview of SystemDifferent Types of ConfigurationsDifferent Types of ConfigurationsElement SelectionElement SelectionOther Factors to be Aware Of Other Factors to be Aware Of Finding Out Customers NeedsFinding Out Customers NeedsFactors Affecting RO PerformanceFactors Affecting RO PerformanceMembrane Company ProjectionsMembrane Company Projections
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R O Pretreatment OptionsR O Pretreatment Options
Suspended Solids RemovalSuspended Solids RemovalClarificationClarificationFiltrationFiltration
Primary Membrane UF/MF/EDRPrimary Membrane UF/MF/EDRControl of biological activityControl of biological activity
Chlorination/dechlorinationChlorination/dechlorinationChloraminesChloramines
Non Oxidising BiocidesNon Oxidising BiocidesUltraviolet LightUltraviolet Light
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R O Pretreatment OptionsR O Pretreatment Options
Scale control & pH adjustmentScale control & pH adjustmentAntiscalant AdditionAntiscalant Addition
Acid AdditionAcid AdditionIon ExchangeIon Exchange
PretreatmentPretreatment
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R O Systems DesignR O Systems Design
Module (Element): Contains MembraneModule (Element): Contains MembraneTube:Tube: Modules in Series (Modules in Series (1 1 -- ))Stage:Stage: Set of Tubes in ParallelSet of Tubes in ParallelArray:Array: No. of Stages, Tubes/StageNo. of Stages, Tubes/StageTrain:Train: Set of all of the AboveSet of all of the Above
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System DesignSystem DesignIntroductory R emarksIntroductory R emarks ..
System supplier System supplier
GoalGoal : : Minimize feedMinimize feedpressure and membrane costspressure and membrane costswhile maximizing salt rejectionwhile maximizing salt rejectionand recoveryand recovery
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ConfigurationConfigurationTypes/TerminologyTypes/Terminology
Array / StageArray / StageAn Array is a series of parallel vessels withAn Array is a series of parallel vessels withcommon feed, product and reject linescommon feed, product and reject lines
PumpPump
RecycleRecyclePermeatePermeate
ConcentrateConcentrate
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ConfigurationConfigurationTypes/TerminologyTypes/Terminology
DoubleDouble- -pass = Permeate Stagedpass = Permeate StagedRefers to configuration where permeate fromRefers to configuration where permeate fromfirst array passes as feed to another arrayfirst array passes as feed to another array
PumpPump
FeedFeedWater Water
ConcentrateConcentrate(drain)(drain)
ConcentrateConcentrate(sidestream)(sidestream)
PermeatePermeatePassPass 1 1 PassPass 2 2
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SingleSingle Module SystemModule System
Use if flow rate is lowUse if flow rate is lowUse for low recoveryUse for low recovery
PumpPumpConcentrateConcentrate
PermeatePermeate
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SingleSingle- -Array with ParallelArray with ParallelConfigurationConfiguration
Flow rate can be higher than inFlow rate can be higher than insinglesingle- -modulemoduleUse for low recoveryUse for low recovery
PumpPump
ConcentrateConcentrate
PermeatePermeate
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M ultiM ulti--Array Array
7 57 5% recovery% recoveryUse for higher recoveryUse for higher recoveryUse as way to increase recoveryUse as way to increase recovery
PumpPump
ConcentrateConcentrate
PermeatePermeate
ConcentrateConcentrate
((22 Array)Array)
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M ultiM ulti--Array Array
~~ 55% recovery% recoveryReject from first array feeds intoReject from first array feeds into
second arraysecond array
PumpPump
PermeatePermeate
ConcentrateConcentrate((33 Array)Array)
l d ll d l
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R ecirculation and R ecycleR ecirculation and R ecycle
Way to increase recovery byWay to increase recovery byrecirculating reject to increase feedrecirculating reject to increase feedflowflow
PumpPump
RecycleRecyclePermeatePermeate
ConcentrateConcentrate
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Double Pass andDouble Pass andPermeate StagedPermeate Staged
Permeate from first array goes intoPermeate from first array goes intoanother arrayanother arrayUse when standard permeate quality isUse when standard permeate quality is
not sufficientnot sufficient
PumpPump
FeedFeedWater Water
ConcentrateConcentrate(drain)(drain)
ConcentrateConcentrate(sidestream)(sidestream)
PermeatePermeatePassPass 1 1 PassPass 2 2
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E lement SelectionE lement Selection
Element Grade vs. Feed TDSElement Grade vs. Feed TDS
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E lement SelectionE lement Selection
Element Grade vs. Salt RejectionElement Grade vs. Salt Rejection>> 00% TW% TW>> 55% BW% BW>> % SW% SW>> % SW/HR% SW/HR
Dow Filmtec Information
E l S l iE l S l i
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E lement SelectionE lement Selection
Element Grade vs. Feed PressureElement Grade vs. Feed Pressure300300 psipsi TWTW600600 psipsi BWBW
11,,000000 psipsi SW, SW/HRSW, SW/HRDow Filmtec Information
E l S l iE l S l i
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E lement SelectionE lement Selection
LengthLengthNeeded recoveryNeeded recoveryAvailable spaceAvailable space
Diameter Diameter
Required permeate flowRequired permeate flow Element Diameter Element Diameter
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Pressure Drop by VesselPressure Drop by Vessel
Total Pressure Drop = 20 psi
3-5 psi Pressure Drop per element
400
psi
30
psi
3 5psi
3 5psi
3 0psi
Oth F t t b A fOth F t t b A f
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Other Factors to be Aware of..Other Factors to be Aware of..
One to seven elements per pressureOne to seven elements per pressurevesselvesselMaximum feed flowMaximum feed flow physical limitationsphysical limitations
Minimum brine flow or maximum ratio of Minimum brine flow or maximum ratio of permeate flow to feed flowpermeate flow to feed flow concentrationconcentrationpolarizationpolarizationRecoveryRecovery
Oth F t t b A fOth F t t b A f
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Other Factors to be Aware of..Other Factors to be Aware of..System Design GuidelinesSystem Design Guidelines
Fouling and/or scaling tendency of feedFouling and/or scaling tendency of feedmost influences system designmost influences system designTendency for fouling increases withTendency for fouling increases with
increasing permeate flux and increasingincreasing permeate flux and increasing
element recoveryelement recoveryOnly experience can set limits onOnly experience can set limits onpermeate flux and element recovery for permeate flux and element recovery for specific feedspecific feed
Use system design guidelines whenUse system design guidelines whenprevious experience is not availableprevious experience is not available
Oth F t t b A fOth F t t b A f
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Other Factors to be Aware of Other Factors to be Aware of Specification Flow Rate vs.Specification Flow Rate vs.Actual Flow Rate of ElementActual Flow Rate of Element
Specification performance vs. actualSpecification performance vs. actualperformanceperformanceActual performance depends onActual performance depends on
operation condition such asoperation condition such astemperature changes, water chemistry,temperature changes, water chemistry,and system designand system design
Oth F t t b AOth F t t b A
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Other Factors to be AwareOther Factors to be Awareof..of..
Fouling factor conceptFouling factor conceptBWBW 11..00 initial to .initial to . 5 5 inin 33 yearsyearsSWSW 11..00 initial to .initial to . in in 33 yearsyears
Factors Which AffectFactors Which Affect
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Factors Which AffectFactors Which AffectPerformance of MembranesPerformance of Membranes
PretreatmentPretreatmentFeedwater TemperatureFeedwater TemperatureFeedwater Concentration andFeedwater Concentration and
analysisanalysisRecoveryRecovery
What FO N TU S Offers ?What FO N TU S Offers ?
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What FO N TU S Offers ?What FO N TU S Offers ?
Total Water ManagementTotal Water ManagementSingle source responsibilitySingle source responsibilityConsistent QualityConsistent QualityAssured PerformanceAssured PerformanceMinimized RiskMinimized RiskReturn on InvestmentReturn on InvestmentValue added ServicesValue added ServicesUtility management (O&M)Utility management (O&M)
Objectives & ConsiderationsObjectives & Considerations
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Objectives & ConsiderationsObjectives & Considerations
Consistent complianceConsistent complianceMinimizing operating costsMinimizing operating costsMinimizing wasteMinimizing wasteMinimizing energyMinimizing energyLower maintenanceLower maintenance
Bottle N ecksBottle N ecks
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Bottle N ecksBottle N ecks
Physical impuritiesPhysical impurities Colour, Odour Colour, Odour
High BOD & COD.High BOD & COD.
High dissolved solids.High dissolved solids.
Bacterial contamination.Bacterial contamination.
SolutionSolution
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Solution...Solution...
FO N TU S offers Cutting E dge TechnologyFO N TU S offers Cutting E dge Technologyto overcome these bottle necks using:to overcome these bottle necks using:
M icrofiltrationM icrofiltrationU ltrafiltrationU ltrafiltrationN anofiltrationN anofiltrationR everse OsmosisR everse OsmosisIon Ex changeIon Ex changeprocessprocess
PackagePackage
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PackagePackage
Sewage Treatment PlantSewage Treatment Plant
Simplicity of designSimplicity of designValue for moneyValue for moneyEasy to installEasy to install
Proven performance andProven performance andReliabilityReliabilityBest suited for small industrialBest suited for small industrial
units and small communityunits and small community
sewagesewage
STP Performance DataSTP Performance Data
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S.No.
Characteristics Influent TreatedSewage
1 pH 6.5 7.5 6.5 7.5
2 Biological o x ygendemand (BOD)
350 400 mg/l 20 30mg/l
3 Chemical o x ygendemand (COD)
500 600 mg/l 1 50 200mg/l
4 Suspended Solids(SS)
250 mg/l 20 50mg/l
STP Performance DataSTP Performance Data
TREATMENT SCHEME
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TREATMENT SCHEMEFOR RECYCLE
Effluenttreatment
plant
Effluent
UF RO feedtank
Cart-ridgefilter
ACF
RO
Reject
DGBlower
Recycledwater
N aOH
By passflow RO reject
For irrigationTDS < 2100 ppm
By passflow
SBS,
SH M P,HCl
HPP
Reject to ETP
FO N TU S WAT ER LIMI TE DFO N TU S WAT ER LIMI TE D
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FO N TU S WAT ER LIMI TE DFO N TU S WAT ER LIMI TE D
OrganizationOrganization
Established inEstablished in 20012001Market leaders in the field of water andMarket leaders in the field of water and
waste water treatmentwaste water treatment
Established new trend of packaged water Established new trend of packaged water and waste water plants.and waste water plants.Supplied more thanSupplied more than 3500 3500 systems.systems.Client base of more thanClient base of more than 2500 2500ISOISO 001001::20002000 CompanyCompany
ProductsProducts SystemsSystems
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ProductsProducts SystemsSystems
Treatment Plants for:Treatment Plants for:Drinking water Drinking water Municipal WasteMunicipal Waste
Water Water
Industrial WasteIndustrial WasteWater Water MembraneMembrane
DesalinationDesalination
Recycling of WasteRecycling of WasteWater Water
ServicesServices
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ServicesServices
Process knowProcess know- -howhowDesign & detail EngineeringDesign & detail EngineeringSupply, Construction & InstallationSupply, Construction & Installation
Personnel TrainingPersonnel TrainingTurnTurn- -key Plantskey PlantsAfter Sales serviceAfter Sales serviceOperation & MaintenanceOperation & Maintenance
Waste Water TreatmentWaste Water Treatment
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Waste Water TreatmentWaste Water Treatment
E ffluent Treatment Plantfor the following sectors:
Sugar Te x tiles
Tannery Paper Distillery OthersSewage Treatment Plants
How to reachHow to reach
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How to reachHow to reachFO N TU S WAT ER ?FO N TU S WAT ER ?
FONTUS WATER LTDFONTUS WATER LTD1010TH FLOOR, BLOCKTH FLOOR, BLOCK- -BB5050, CHOWRINGHEE ROAD, CHOWRINGHEE ROAD
KOLKATAKOLKATA 7 00 7 17 00 7 1Voice:Voice: 00 100 1 ((3333)) 400343 7 400343 7 MOBILE:MOBILE: 0 33 2 310 33 2 31
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Q UE ST ION S T IMEQ UE ST ION S T IME
Q UE ST ION S T IMEQ UE ST ION S T IME