project i

Running head: ISSUING OF DUPLICATE DRIVING LICENSE FROM KIOSK 1

Issuing of Driving License from Kiosk Machines at the Spot

Nidhi Sharma

Stratford University


Table of Contents

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

CHAPTERS ……………………………………………………………………………………………...

I INTRODUCTION

4

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Improvement in Driver’s License

Importance of Biometrics in ID proof

Security Concerns of ID Proofs and Measures Adopted by Different

Nations.

Cost Involve in Introduction of Biometrics

Self Service Machines

5

III DATA PRESENTATION

Kiosk Machines

Biometrics

Source of Data from DMV

9

IV DATA ANALYSIS

11

V CONCLUSION

13

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………. 14


Abstract

Research is carried on the work model of issuing duplicate driving license from Kiosk machines

on the spot just like ATM machines through which we draw money anytime, anywhere by

inserting card or keying secure pin to save time and make life hassle free. Research paper

pinpoints the reasons which help us to understand the need for the adoption of biometrics and

kiosk for same. It’s further supported by studies which throw light on the need for the induction

of biometrics in ID (identity proof) proofs, cost involved in administration of biometrics in ID

cards, the various biometrics available, degree of security provided by each of them, and how

different countries are adopting the same. Also, provided are numbers/data which show the profit

returns in using Kiosks machines and how these machines effect the productivity. In addition to

it, data related to investment in biometrics by countries which depicts its importance in field of

security. Research sheds light on the work module of DMV, Department of Motor Vehicles (for

issuing duplicate license from Kiosk machines), authentication of driving license issued by

Kiosk machines, how to collect biometrics for same and other relevant working will be

addressed in the research paper.

Keywords: identity proof, department of motor vehicles.


Issuing of Duplicate Driving License from Kiosk Machines at the Spot

Referring to research topic in discussion ‘Issue of duplicate Driving through Kiosk

machines installed at malls, public places, at the spot like ATM machines used for withdrawing

money’ though we need to visit the respective Government office once to initiate and get the

original but after that in case of loss, misplace and theft of same one can get if there is option of

getting via Kiosk from anywhere by paying some service fees, inserting personal details and

may be finger print, voice assistance or facial affirmation for the personal identification saving

time ,energy of user. Though in Nevada State the driving history can be generated at the spot

through Kiosk, reissue of duplicate driving license can be requested via Kiosk in case of

lost/theft but it take ten working days to get. Research under discussion is one step ahead to

check the possibility of getting duplicate driving license at the spot through Kiosk machines.

Research topic will explore the advantages of using Kiosk and security benefits of biometric

feature in ID proofs and how the Department of Motor Vehicle will be working on the security,

validation of duplicate driver license issued by Kiosk and further how they will collect

biometrics of millions of people.


Review of Literature

There are several studies and researches done on subject close to research topic like

security involvement in issue of identity proof like passport and driving license , the various

means of applying security and measures adopted to secure the data, cost involve in reference to

adoption of security measure like for example biometrics, and further nations efforts on same

context which will throw light on factors, limitations, proposed solutions to limitations, to be

considered that assist in working of the research under discussion.

Improvement in Driver’s License

The study penned by Patrick (2002) throws light on adoption of measures for the

improvement of driver license security at the end of American Association of Motor Vehicle,

headed by Lewis, president and CEO Administrators (Arlington, Virginia) talked about the

challenges involved in improving driver's license security. He stated further it could be achieved

through state compacts, or through a federal-state partnership which would set the minimum

standards by which they wanted to administer driver's licensing. They would be free to go above

and beyond the minimum standards, and the federal government would provide the funding and

the compliance mechanisms to ensure that all of the states adhere to those minimum standards

.The proposed pointer system or the Driver Record Information Verification System would direct

a state to where it could find, and accurately verify, someone's driving history in another state.

This won’t be on a National database but each state will be having its database and on request of

other state it’s shared of a required component. Thus in past the regular working to enhance the

security standards were made which through the importance of security in issuing or making

amendments in process of driving license and the link of funds to bring those changes as in here


the funding is expected from federal government and the issue of redefining security has come

up after 9/11 attack as hackers used fraudulent Virginia driving license , which depicts the

importance of security in issuing driving license as it can bring such a great threat to the Nation.

Importance of Biometrics in ID Proofs

Study done by Williams (2002) emphasized on the usage and advantages of smart cards

with biometric characteristics and security features would make driver's licenses harder to

counterfeit, and further interconnected driver databases would give police access to driving

records. That would in turn make it much harder for bad drivers to get new licenses, according to

American association motor vehicles and in addition to it will promote better driver's licenses

that could reduce underage drinking and alcohol-related crashes. Though it involves the cost.

Further study on various security means and where to use them was discussed by Bill (2002). It

throws light on different modes to secure the data /person and how the processes are rediscovers

with the time and which security tool to be used and where to be used for example what to be

used in driving license and what to be used in Household and what limitation each tool has like

which one to be used for identification or accessibility. Like facial recognition in ID proofs, laser

cards9optical memory card which can store all combinations of bio metrics mostly used for visa

purpose and voice pass in household’s security. And also Study done by Ezovski and Watkins

(2008). Focused on the issuance of any id proof and the watchful security controls for the same,

it’s an ongoing process of evolution of new technologies to face emerging new security threats.

Further how the issuance of E- passport are secured with the latest technology like Radio


frequency identification(RFID) called in addition to Biometrics in reference to the countries that

are involve in the visa waiver program began issuing electronic passports in 2006.

Security Concerns of ID Proofs and Measures Adopted by Different Nations

The article on ‘India: Driving license to get smart’ submitted by Business line focusses

on the upgradation in security standards of Driving license has been done not only in Western

countries but in other Asian countries too like India, as they also realized that security can

emerge as a one of the biggest limitation in issuing secure driving license if proper ways are not

adopted though good amount of cost involve in the process but still the Nation go for it. In terms

of Indian currency the cost would be for Smart card readers would be between Rupees 25,000 to

40,000 and the numbers of smart card readers to be installed depends upon the size of each states

thus huge investments at the end of government and even customers will also pay more for their

driving license. Thus security bring investment also at the end of both government and user

(“Driving License to get Smart”.n.d.). One of the study highlighted the security concern of

Unites States government in which they get sure to have forgery proof, theft proof ID cards

inclusion with biometric data for the workers and in the absence of the same there will be

penalties if hired without the mentioned indexes for ID cards. These are the one of the ways to

secure data embedded in ID proof, which has to be put in process at time of issuing the ID as in

the above study it features the thumb print or iris scan as a biometric feature.(Taylor ,2008)

Cost Involve in Introduction of Biometrics

The biometric factors are very potent in adding security to ID proofs but it involves good

amount of cost factor as stated in study conducted by Mandy (2001) like Fingerprint


Identification, hand geometry, voice verification, retina or iris scanning, and facial recognition

are the biometric techniques most likely to be used in an enterprise. Using any method of

biometrics can offer greater sense of security, along with the high cost of purchasing the

hardware, installing and integrating it into enterprise systems. Different biometrics has its own

security levels to offer, highly secure is iris scanning but it’s quite costly which is a limitations

Though biometrics are still in the early development but significant technological advances are

beginning to make them applicable. Further article with the title “Cost and lack of consensus to

delay biometrics implementation”. (2002). give view of the advantages of biometrics and high

cost involved with its implementation .Biometrics can be used in many areas of a financial

institution and certain technologies work better in certain environments. For example, at call

centers, voice biometrics make the most sense as they leverage existing infrastructure. Costs

include retooling each customer touch-point with new biometric hardware and training

personnel, educating consumers and integrating biometric technologies with existing systems.

Self Service Machines

The study was focused on critical evaluation of the benefits of self service banking

machines in India. Further encompasses the services and costs associated with the use of these

machines established by India. The article give understanding on advantages of these machines

like feasibility for user software issues which make them out of use and needs time as they are

not in vicinity of associated bank. No customized services. The article evaluated both pros and

cons, but with constant technological evolution cons are put to minimum and its benefits are so

many that users still want to enjoy the services while facing above mentioned problems. (Jubair,

2014)


Data Presentation

Under mentioned data discussed are related to Kiosk machines numbers pertaining to its

growth, economy and productivity (government office efficiency improved because of

installation of same) and also to the investment in biometrics by Government agencies. Further

listing of facts gathered by personal communication with DMV employee on research topic.

Kiosk Machines

Growth. The U.S. kiosk market place comprises of three general segments based on the

equipment used in the particular sector are -vending machines, ATM’s, and self-service. The

total combined installed base for the three technologies is estimated at 28.2 million units in 2010

and is expected to reach 33.8 million units by 2015.Growth Graph for Self–service Kiosks are

projected to experience the maximum growth in installations with a compound annual growth

rate (CAGR) of 9.3%.This sector was estimated at 1.6 million units in 2010 and is expected to

reach 2.5 million units in 2015. (Benvenuti, 2014).

Economy. There are different types of Kiosk Machines available in market they are used

according to the product they dispense via usage of different programming feature installed in

them. Their economical price ranges make them usable in businesses and government

organizations. Price of Kiosk machines vary from $2000 to $ 10,000.The estimation regarding if

Self-service technology was more widely deployed, it would contribute an additional $130

billion to the U.S. economy annually. Put differently, this means that the Self-service economy

would create $1,100 in additional income per household. (Castro, Atkinson & Ezell, 2010)


Productivity. Because of greater use of self-service technology the SSA (United States

government dept.) has seen an increase in worker productivity by 2.9 percent between 2005 and

2008. (Castro et al., 2010).

Biometrics

Investment. Biometrics Research Group Inc. conservatively estimates that the U.S.

Government is spending at least US $450 million per annum on pure biometric research.

Biometrics Research Group Inc. notes that funding for homeland security and defense

applications will rise from US $190 billion in 2011 to US $210 billion by 2014. (King, 2012).

Further by Ray, (2015) the biometrics market’s value is expected to reach $24.59 Billion in the

next six years. A report further predicts that government security programs in North America and

Asia Pacific will fuel biometric investments through 2020 .The Asia Pacific market will also

contribute to the market growth of biometric technology .The report also highlights that

transportation and logistics was an emerging sector in the adoption of biometrics in 2013.

Source of Data from Personal Communication

Information on work module of issuing duplicate driver license and got some

information on security, authentication of same. Few questions are answers to the above

concerns. (M, K, personal communication, Feb 15, 2016)

Questions. What are the benefits will Department of Motor Vehicles will have in

initiating the project? What is authentication of driving license via kiosk machines and how data

will be secured? How the biometrics will be collected?

Answers. Department of Motor Vehicles is going in direction of issuing duplicate

driving license because of the following advantage: As it will be save personal, time ,cost for the


license holders and on the part of Government it has advantage of serving its user 24*7, saving

infrastructure cost ,generate revenues as machine will be generating duplicate DL ,saving

employee cost. This is the first step taken by DMV - to issue duplicate driving license via Kiosk

machines ,which will be further move towards to have up-gradation of renewals of license for

eligible citizens of United States via Kiosk that is why may be it will initially serve fewer

percentage of Population but it is going to have big advantage in future

To issue original license or duplicate license DMV will be using bio metrics which are

mandatory as it’s a most secure tool and it’s not possible to impersonate - thus ruling out

information to be misused

To collect the Bio metrics of all license holders( which are in millions) ,DMV has planned to

take Bio metrics (iris scanning and fingerprints) of license holders, when they go to DMV for

renewal ,first time issuance or to get driving history records, which will be updated in their

centralized database.

There will be temporary duplicate driving license from Kiosk machines which will serve the

purpose for time being and then plastic based DL will be received by mail after a week.

Data Analysis Report

In context with the above mentioned data related to increase installation of Kiosk pin

points the advantages (return of investment) which private and government agency making from

same. Reason for increase demand of kiosk are because of drop in hardware costs ,declining

costs of microprocessors, printer, computer-related kiosk components are lessen down in price.

In addition to it the different types of Kiosk Machines are available in market and they are used

according to the product they dispense via usage of different programming feature installed in


them thus giving flexible price range to the companies and government agencies. The usage of

Self Service technology will have a positive effect on productivity of human working force for

example: In the United States, the Social Security Administration (SSA) is a large citizen

oriented government agency having figures of 27,000 field employees in 1,300 field offices. The

SSA serves following via self-service options online, as estimating retirement benefits,

requesting a change of address, setting up direct deposit, and requesting a Medicare replacement

card. Citizens can even use the SSA’s Web site to apply for retirement or disability benefits,

rather than applying in person which is supported by figures showing increase in productivity in

SSA Office. Further the adoption of biometrics which has emerged as one of the important

reliable tool for security and nations are adopting it for the same reason which is depicted by the

increase investments in them.


Conclusion

The Research topic under discussion ‘Issuing of Duplicate Driver license from Kiosk

Machines at the spot ’ highlighted the reasons with factual data of using Kiosk and Biometrics in

issuing ID proof and further how it can be used to issue duplicate driver’s license and how the

government of different nations are extensively incorporating biometrics in Issuing of ID proof

because of its security benefits and moving ahead with Kiosk machines which enables them to be

more productive and efficient . Thus its concluded by the research paper that Kiosk machines are

productive in usage ,efficient ,reliable to opt for as they will give better return of investments

and further biometrics are safest tool to secure data in ID proofs. In addition the working on

research topic is underway in selected department of motor vehicles throughout the nation which

will make whole DMV system more flexible.


References

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http://www.pertechindustries.com/the-kiosk-market-a-look-at-the-numbers

Bill, Z. (2002). Battling biometrics but real- life needs intrude. Criminology and Law

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Castro, A., Atkinson, R & Ezell, S. (2010).Embracing the self-service economy. The

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