psy 103 class notes

7/22/2019 PSY 103 Class Notes

1/16

Rdjs bkoumcft js tdc prkpcrty kl Fcrby Fktcs (www.fcrby-fktcs.okm). Wcrmjssjkf js irnftcb tk vjcw tdjs bkoumcft kfhy tk nutdkrjzcb uscrs5 ufbcr fk

ojroumstnfocs nrc yku nhhkwcb tk bjstrj`utc, stkrc kr trnfsmjt tdjs bkoumcft wjtdkut tdc cxprcss, wrjttcf okfscft kl Fcrby Fktcs, Jfo.

fcrby-fktcs.okmuphknbcb `y uscr Enmcrkfam

Ohnss1 W_Z >7?

Hcoturc/Cxnm1 Luhh _cmcstcr (Jf-ohnss Fktcs)

_odkkh1 _@S

_cmcstcr1 Lnhh 07>7Wrklcsskr1 Fnfoy Lrnfehjf


2/16



_cptcm`cr 9, 07>7Js dcnrt`rcne `nb lkr ykur dcnhtd;

Jt mny onusc ktdcr lnotkrs tk tnec cllcot jftk tdnt pcrskfs hjlc.

k _tnrt smkejfi

k @nb @cdnvjkr

k Hnoe/Jforcnsc kl cntjfi

Dkw tk ruf n sojcfoc cxpcrjmcft

Dypktdcsjs n`kut dkw wkrhb wkres

Wrcbjotjkf n`kut spcojljo sjtuntjkf

Puf cxpcrjmcft nfb okhhcot bntn

Nfnhyzc rcsuhts nfb brnw jflcrcfocs

Bcbuotjvc Hkijo

Nhh mcf nrc mkrtnh. _korntcs js n mnf. Rdcrclkrc, _korntcs js mkrtnh. @ut sojcfoc js jfbuotjvc

Jfbuotjvc Hkijo

Cvcry au`-au` `jrb Jvc cvcr sccf js purphc.

k Zku onf fcvcr `c >77% surc. Jf jfbuotjvc hkijo nfb sojcfoc, yku onft prkvc ykur

dypktdcscs.

Ydnt mnecs n ikkb tdckry;

Ljts efkw bntn

Wrcbjots fcw ljfbjfis

Js lnhsjljn`hc

Js sjmphc (pnrsjmkfjkus)

k Wnrsjmkfy- Rdc usc kl tdc sjmphcst kr mkst lruinh rkutc kl cxphnfntjkf nvnjhn`hc.

Rdc stntjstjos ykurc nhhkwcb tk usc bcpcfb kf ykur okftrkh kvcr tdc cxpcrjmcftnh sjtuntjkf

>. JFLCPCFRJNH _RNRJ_RJO_

Sscb wjtd cxpcrjmcfts, wdcrc jrrchcvnft vnrjn`hcs nrc okftrkhhcb.

Nhhkws yku tk brnw okfohusjkfs n`kut onusnhjty

Jfbcpcfbcft \nrjn`hc


3/16



Jf Mjhirnm Cxpcrjmcft1 Bcircc kl Nutdkrjty

Hkw Nutdkrjty1 \s. Djid Nutdkrjty1

@usjfcss _cttjfi Znhc

(N okftrkh okfbjtjkfs)

Jf Mjhirnm Cxpcrjmcft1Rwk Okfbjtjkfs (Hkw vs. Djid Nutdkrjty)

Hkw Nutdkrjty Djid Nutdkrjty

23% . Jflcrcftjnh _tntjstjos

0. Bcsorjptjvc _tntjstjos (hcss pkwcrluh)

Onf summnrjzc bntn kr sdkw rchntjkf nmkfi vnrjn`hcs, `ut onft sdkw onusc.

Cxnmphc1 Okrrchntjkf sdkws rchntjkf `ctwccf twk vnrjn`hcs.

_cptcm`cr >2, 07>7Ctdjonh Jssucs jf Wsyodkhkijonh Pcscnrod

_nf Nftkfjk Okftrnocptjkf _tuby

k Bkfc jf >:9>

k Lrcc `jrtd okftrkh

k Dnhl ijvcf phnoc`k

k Dnhl ikt prcifnft

Yjhhkw `rkke dcpntjtjs _tuby

k Dkuscb mcftnhhy rctnrb

k Ijvcf vnoojfc lkr Dcpntjtjs

k Jflcotcb wjtd Dcpntjtjs tk scc jl tdc vnoojfc wkrecb

k Bkfc jf >:3:97s

k _tkkb kutsjbc phnocs wdcrc iny pckphc mct nfb wrktc bkwf hjocfsc phntcs fum`crs

k Onhhcb dkusc nfb pkscb ns mnrectjfi okmpnfy (nsecb pcrskfnh qucstjkfs)

k Iny nfb strnjidt mcf dnvc tdc snmc ctdjos

Yjodjtn Aury _tubyk Rryjfi tk ljfb kut wdnt lnotkrs nrc tdc mkst jmpkrtnft jf mnejfi bcojsjkfs

Rusecicc _ypdjhjs Cxpcrjmcft

k >:?0->:9>

k \cry pkkr nrcn, mksthy Nlrjonf Nmcrjonf

k _tubjcb fnturnh prkircssjkf kl uftrcntcb sypdjhjs

k Rkhb tdc pnrtjojpnfts tdcy wcrc `cjfi trcntcb


4/16



_tnflkrb Wrjskf _tuby

k Rk scc wdnt prjskf hjlc onf bk tk pckphc psyodkhkijonhhy

k Iunrbs tk eccp krbcr wjtdkut vjkhcfoc

k @conmc n iunrb1 Wkwcr Dufiry

Okftrkhhcb cvcrytdjfi

Hkkecb lkr wnys tk dumjhjntc prjskfcrs

k @cokmc n prjskfcr1 Wkwcrhcss

k _uppkscb tk ruf lkr 0 wcces

Pnf lkr < bnys

N prjskfcr wcft mcftnhhy jfsnfc (djvcs, bcmnfbcb n hnwycr, nfb trjcb tk csonpc)

_cptcm`cr >7Rdc @rnjf

Wcrjpdcrnh Fcrvkus _ystcm

Ocftrnh Fcrvkus _ystcmk _pjfnh Okrb

k @rnjf

Fcurkfs

k _pcojnhjzcb ochhs tdnt rcocjvc prkocss, nfb scfb jflkrmntjkf tk ktdcr ochhs, n`kut >77 `jhhjkf

kl tdcm wjtd trjhhjkfs kl okffcotjkfs jf tdc `rnjf.

Wnrts kl n fcurkf_jifnhs ik tdrkuid nt >47 mjhcs pcr dkur

k Bcfbrjtcsrcocjvc jflk

k _kmn (`kby)prkocss jflk

k Nxkfonrrjcs sjifnh

k Rcrmjfnh `uttkfsscfb jflk (nt syfnpsc) Notjkf Wktcftjnh

k Mcssnic lrkm skmn tk nxkf1 LJPC! Kr fk. Rdjs js tdc nhh-kr-fkf prjfojphc.

k Okm`jfcb jfputs (cxojtntkry nfb jfdj`jtkry) bctcrmjfc wdctdcr jt ljrcs.

k Chcotrjonh sjifnh trnvchs bkwf nxkf.

k Onf `c vcry lnst.

Rdc Mkst Wrjmjtjvc @rnjf Ocftcrs

@rnjf _tcm Pcijkf

k Mcbuhhn`rcntdjfi, dcnrt`cnt

k Pctjouhnr Lkrmntjkfokfsojkusfcssk Rdnhnmusscfskry rchny stntjkf

k Ocrc`chhum`nhnfoc5 mktkr hcnrfjfi nfb mcmkry

Hjm`jo _ystcm

k Nmyibnhn (niircssjkf, cmktjkfnh mcmkry)

k Djppkonmpus (mcmkry lkrmntjkf)

Rdc onsc kl D.M.


5/16



k Dypktdnhnmus (cntjfi, brjfejfi, scx, dj`crfntjkf)

Ocrc`rum (mkst kl tdc dumnf `rnjf1 Djidcr okifjtjvc nfb cmktjkfnh lufotjkfs

k Lrkftnh hk`cphnffjfi, tdjfejfi, hkfi tcrm mcmkry

k Rcmpkrnh hk`cdcnrjfi

k Wnrjctnh hkvctkuod

k Koojpjtnh hkvcvjsjkf

\jsunh Nifksjn (jfvkhvcs bnmnic tk koojpjtnh hkvc

k Jmpnjrmcft kl djidcr vjsunh prkocsscs uscb tk rcokifjzc kàcots

Wntjcft onf okpy n brnwjfi ùt onffkt rcokifjzc tdc kàcot

k Rdcy stjhh mny efkw n hkt n`kut tdc kàcot, nfb mny `c n`hc tk rcokifjzc `y skufb kr tkuod

Jftcrcstjfi _u`typc kl Nifksjn

k Wkskpnifksjn

Wntjcft onf rcokifjzc mnfy kàcots ùt onffkt bjllcrcftjntc lnocs.

Mny cvcf nllcot kwf lnoc Onf stjhh mnec jflcrcfocs, `nscb kf vkjoc, ohktdcs, cto.

_cptcm`cr 0>, 07>7Rdc @rnjf

_truoturc1 _ymmctrjo

Lufotjkf1 Fkt symmctrjo

k Hclt1 Hnfiunic

k Pjidt1 Onf ufbcrstnfb sjmphc hnfiunic ùt onft prkbuoc jt.

k Jts strcfitds1 pcrocptunh nfb spntjnh sejhhs

@rkons Nrcn

k Pcspkfsj`hc lkr cxprcssjkf & lhucfoy.

Ycrfjoecs Nrcn

k Pcspkfsj`hc lkr wkrb mcnfjfis.

Hclt sjbc kl `rnjf okftrkhs rjidt sjbc kl `kby nfb vjoc vcrsn

Hclt sjbc kl wkrhb js sccf `y rjidt sjbc kl `rnjf nfb vjoc vcrsn

Yc icfcrnhhy bkft cxpcrjcfoc dcmjspdcrcs ns scpnrntc, `conusc tdcyrc okffcotcb `y okrpus

onhhksum ùt jts skmctjmcs surijonhhy out tk okftrkh cpjhcpsy.

Bkcs icfctjo mcnf prcbctcrmjfcs;k Ohkfcs bkft dnvc cxnot snmc kutokmc ns bkfkrs.

k Fcjtdcr bk jbcftjonh twjfs

Pjse kl sodjzkpdrcfjn

@rnjf notjvjty

k Bkft `c sk qujoe tk `chjcvc tdcrcs n icfc lkr scxunh krjcftntjkf, nfxjcty, rjse-tnejfi, cto.

Icfcs bkft onusc `cdnvjkr. Rdc cfvjrkfmcft jflhucfocs n icfcs notjvjty.


6/16



k Icfc (n strctod kl BFN) prkbuocs n prktcjf, fkt n `cdnvjkr/cmktjkf/tdkuidt.

k Wrktcjfs okmpksc fcurktrnfsmjttcrs nfb dkrmkfcs wdjod prkbuoc tcfbcfojcs lkr

rcspkfbjfi tk stjmuhj.

_k icfcs bkft okbc lkr spcojljo `cdnvjkrs/n`jhjtjcs/tdkuidts.

k Rdcy prkbuoc prcbjspksjtjkfs lkr dkw nf krinfjsm jftcrnots wjtd cfvjrkfmcft.

_cptcm`cr 04, 07>7\jsjkf

Rdc @rnjfs Ak

k Rnec n lhnttcfcb, upsjbc-bkwf, bjstkrtcb pnrtjnhhy k`sourcb jmnic nfb prkbuoc n ?-bB,

uprjidt, okrrcot, okmphctc, rcprcscftntjkf kl tdc bjstnh stjmuhus.

_kmc `kttkm-up prjfojphcs jf pcrocptjkf (`jnscs lkr dkw tk prkocss tdc notunh stjmuhus)

Icstnht Wrjfojphcs kl Krinfjzntjkf

k Ljiurc-Irkufb

k _jmjhnrjty

k Wrkxjmjty

k Ohksurc

Jhhuskry Okftkurs

k Okftkurs nrc pcrocjvcb jf n ljiurc wdcf fk okftkurs nrc pdysjonhhy prcscft.

Wcrocptunh Okfstnfojcs

_kmc tkp-bkwf prjfojphcs iujbjfi pcrocptjkf (usjfi efkwhcbic & cxpcotntjkfs)1k Ohcnfjfi up pcrocptunh jflkrmntjkf

k Yc notjvchy okfstruot kut pcrocpts

k Wcrocptjkf js iujbcb `y wchh-cvkhvcb prcbjspksjtjkfs lkr jftcrprctjfi, krinfjzjfi, nfb

supphcmcftjfi wdnt okmcs jf tdrkuid kur scfscs.

k Jflkrmntjkf okmcs `ktd lrkm tdc wkrhb nfb lrkm kur kwf efkwhcbic nfb cxpcotntjkfs.

_cptcm`cr ?7, 07>7Nttcftjkf nfb Okfsojkusfcss

Ydnt ykurc okfsojkus kl js icfcrnhhy wdnts jf ykur lkous kl nttcftjkf

Nttcftjkf js n hjmjtcb rcskuroc tk `c nhhkontcb.

k Zku usc jt tk schcot wdnt ykuhh `c okfsojkus kl.

_chcotjvc Nttcftjkf

k _tjmuhus-brjvcf onpturc (Rrnlljo Hjidts)

k Iknh-bjrcotcb schcotjkf (Hkkejfi lkr n lrjcfb, wntodjfi R\, hjstcfjfi tk tdc dum jf tdc rkkm)

k @cfcljt1 Rnrict k`acot(s) ict dcjidtcfcb nttcftjkf

k Oks Nttcftjkf tk cvcrytdjfi chsc js bjmjfjsdcb


7/16



Nttcftjkf nfb ljfbjfi k`acots jf tdc cfvjrkfmcft

k Wrc-nttcftjvc prkocssjfi

k Iujbcb scnrod

_jfihc-lcnturc scnrod js pnrnhhch.

Wrc-nttcftjvc sk fkt okfstrnjfcb `y Nttcftjkfnh hjmjts.

Nttcftjkf ns n rcskuroc tk `c nhhkontcb

k Rk cxpnfb hjmjts kl nttcftjkf

Wrnotjoc

Hcnbs tk nutkmntjzntjkf (@cokmcs ufokfsojkus)

@cfcljt1 Bkft dnvc tk pny nttcftjkf ns muod

Bjsnbvnftnic1 Dnrb tk stkp

Okfsojkusfcss

Kfcs ourrcft hcvch kl nwnrcfcss kl tdc cfvjrkfmcft nfb kl kfcs kwf mcftnh prkocsscs

Rdjfis ykurc fkt okfsojkus kl onf stjhh nllcot ykur `cdnvjkr

k Fk okfsojkus prkocsscs1 Fkt okfsojkushy nvnjhn`hc, kr nt hcnst fkt luhhyk Wrcokfsojkus prkocsscs1 Fkt ourrcfthy okfsojkus `ut okuhb cnsjhy `c

k Jmphjojt prkocssjfi onf koour wjtdkut okfsojkus cllkrt kr okfsojkus noocss tk prkocsscs.

Bcmkfstrntcb tdrkuid jfbjrcot tcsts.

Mkbc kl Okfsojkusfcss

k Krfstcjfs Bjstjfotjkf

Notjvc Mkbc1 _duts kut jrrchcvnft jflkrmntjkf nfb lkouscs kf schcotcb jflkrmntjkf

Pcocptjvc Mkbc1 Hcss lkouscb, mkrc pnssjvc, bkcsft cxohubc ns muod

Kotk`cr 3, 07>7@nsjo Wrjfojphcs kl Hcnrfjfi

Ohnssjonh Okfbjtjkfjfi

>. Sfokfbjtjkfcb stjmuhus hcnbs tk ufokfbjtjkfcb rcspkfsc

0. Okfbjtjkfcb stjmuhus js pnjrcb wjtd ufokfbjtjkfcb stjmuhus

?. Nltcr mnfy pnjrjfis kl hcnbs tk okfbjtjkfcb rcspkfsc

Rcmpkrnh Okftjiujty

O_ nfb SO_ sdkuhb `c ohksc tkictdcr jf tjmc. Rkfc sdkuhb sjifnh tdnt tdc lkkb js n`kut tk

okmc

Kotk`cr 9, 07>7 Mcmkry

Jflkrmntjkf Wrkocssjfi mkbch


8/16



Jfput _CF_KPZ _RKPC (scfskry mcmkry) _DKPR RCPM MCMKPZ HKFI

RCPM MCMKPZ

_cfskry _tkrc

k Jfput kl scfskry jflkrmntjkf lrkm tdc wkrhb.

k \jsunhhy1 Jokfjo mcmkry

Nubjtkry1 codkjo mcmkry

k Hnric Onpnojty

k Cxtrcmchy sdkrt burntjkf

Lrnotjkf kl n scokfb lkr jokfjo mcmkry

N okuphc kl scokfbs lkr codkjo mcmkry

_dkrt Rcrm mcmkry

k Hjmjtcb Bu`jtntjkf

Mnjftcfnfoc rcdcnrsnh

k Hjmjtcb onpnojty

Mnijonh fum`cr 95 Mcmkry _pnjf js 9 +/- 0

Odufejfi

Rrnfslcr lrkm _RM tk HRM

k Mnjftcfnfoc rcdcnrsnh

k Chn`krntjvc rcdcnrsnh

Kotk`cr >0, 07>7Mfcmkfjo Rcodfjqucs

Norkfyms

k D.K.M.C._.

Rdjfis yku onf stuby

k Okftcft (vnrjcs, bcpcfbjfi kf cxpcrjcfoc)

k Krinfjzntjkf & prkocsscs

HRM js krinfjzcb ns n fctwkre kl okfocptunh nsskojntjkfs

_odcmns

k Icfcrnhjzcb efkwhcbic jf hkfi-tcrm mcmkry n`kut k`acots, pckphc, kr cvcfts/

k Dchp jf ufbcrstnfbjfi cvcfts nfb rcokfstruotjfi mcmkrjcs.

_CF_KPZ

_RKPC(_cfskryMcmkry)

_DKPR RCPMMCMKPZJFWSR

Bcony

Hnric onpnojty _dkrt burntjkf

Nttcftjkf


9/16



Onf hcnb tk lnhsc mcmkry kl sodcmntjo bctnjhs.

Nfktdcr wny tk orcntc lnhsc mcmkrjcs1 Hcnbjfi ûcstjkfs

Mnxjm kl ûnftjty1 @c ns jflkrmntjvc ns js rcqujrcb, ùt fkt mkrc sk.

Mnxjm kl ûnhjty1 @c noourntc. Bkft hjc.

Mnxjm kl Pchntjkf1 @c rchcvnft tk tdc kfikjfi okfvcrsntjkf.

Mnxjm kl mnffcr1 @c ohcnr, fkt k`sourc kr kvcrhy wkrby.

Ssjfi hnfiunic js nf jmprcssjvc lcnt!

Okfvcrsntjkfnh pnrtfcrs lkhhkw okfvcftjkfs lkr wdnt tk sny nfb dkw tk sny jt!

_pcnecrs nfb hjstcfcrs wkre tkictdcr tk `c surc `ktd ufbcrstnfb. Rdjs onf jfvkhvc okjfjfi fcw

tcrms!

Kotk`cr >2, 07>7Rdjfejfi

Wrk`hcm skhvjfi 1 Pcnod n iknh tdnts fkt rcnbjhy nvnjhn`hc

Pcnskfjfi1 Cvnhuntc nriumcfts tk rcnod okfohusjkfs. Kltcf bkcs, kr sdkuhb, jfvkhvc hkijo.

Bcojsjkf Mnejfi1 Nsscs kr odkksc lrkm nhtcrfntjvcs. Kltcf jfvkhvcs nsscssjfi prk`n`jhjty kltcf ufbcr

ufocrtnjfty.

Mcftnh _ct1 @jns tk skhvc n prk`hcm wjtd n lnmjhjnr npprknod kr `jns ninjfst okfsjbcrjfi nf ufusunh

npprknod

Bcojsjkf mnejfi js kltcf bkfc jf tdc lnoc kl ufocrtnjfty.

Dcurjstjos1 Puhcs kl tdum` lkr skhvjfi prk`hcms kr mnejfi bcojsjkfs.

Pcprcscftntjvcfcss dcurjstjo1 Aubijfi nf cvcfts prk`n`jhjty `nscb kf dkw typjonh jt js.

Kotk`cr 0>, 07>7Jftchhjicfoc

_kojnh Wrk`hcms nfb Hkw J^

k Hkw J^ prcbjots pkvcrty, cvcf mkrc tdnf _C_ bkcs.

k Hkw J^ jforcnscs rjse kl brkppjfi kut.

k Hkw J^ js nsskojntcb wjtd ufcmphkymcft, odrkfjo wchlnrc bcpcfbcfoy, nfb lrcqucft jfaury.

k Hkw J^ js rchntcb tk djid rntcs kl bjvkroc, hkwcr rntcs kl mnrrjnic, nfb djidcr rntcs kl sjfihc-

pnrcft `jrtds. @n`jcs kl hkw-J^ mktdcrs tcfb tk dnvc hkwcr `jrtd wcjidt, pkkr mktkr sejhhs

nfb skojnh bcvchkpmcft, nfb mkrc `cdnvjkr prk`hcms.k Hkw J^ jforcnscs tdc rjse kl orjmc.

k Rdksc wjtd hkw J^ vktc hcss kltcf.

Rypcs kl J^

k Pntjk J^

Ljrst typc kl J^

_tcrf (>:?4)


10/16



J^ = ((Mcftnh Nic * >77) / (Odrkfkhkijonh Nic))

_nmc J^ dns bjllcrcft mcnfjfis nt bjllcrcft nics

N sjfihc mcnsurc kl icfcrnh jftchhjicfoc

Fkt uscb vcry kltcf nfymkrc

k Bcvjntjkf J^

N typc kl stnfbnrbjzcb sokrc

Nvcrnic = >77

Okmpnrcs J^ tk snmc nic pccrs

Fkrmnh (`chh-ourvc) bjstrj`utjkf

Rdckrjcs kl Jftchhjicfoc

k Rcrmnf okjfcb tdc tcrm Jftchhjicfoc ^uktjcft (J^) jf >:>:09)

k Jftchhjicfoc =

Icfcrnh lnotkrs (i) mcftnh cfcriy

C.i., n`strnot rcnskfjfi, prk`hcm skhvjfi

_pcojljo lnotkrs (s) hcss okmphcx tnses

C.i., mktkr spccb, nttcftjkf, mcmkry

k i js tdc kfhy lnotkr tdnt nookufts lkr okrrchntjkfs nmkfi jftchhcotunh n`jhjtjcs

Onttchh & Dkrfs Lhujb nfb Orystnhhjzcb Jftchhjicfoc (>:


11/16



Mktjvntjkfnhmnifjtubc, bjrcotjkf, nfb bjspksjtjkf kl jfbjvjbunh

@cdnvjkrnh`cdnvjkr jf nonbcmjo, skojnh, nfb nbnptjvc bkmnjfs

k Icfctjonhhy-bctcrmjfcb jftchhjicfoc js nhwnys mkbjljcb `y cxpcrjcfoc

Cfvjrkfmcftnh Jflhucfocs kf J^

k Lnotkrs tdnt cfdnfoc J^1

_tjmuhntjfi cfvjrkfmcft

Ikkb mcbjonh onrc/futrjtjkf

Wnrcftnh jfvkhvcmcft jf hcnrfjfi

Pjod hnfiunic cfvjrkfmcft

k Lnotkrs tdnt fcintjvchy jmpnot J^1

Wcrsjstcft pkvcrty nfb jts okrrchntcs, jfohubjfi1

Hnoe kl tdc n`kvc

Okmphjontjkfs nt kr nrkufb `jrtd

Hnric lnmjhy sjzc

Cxpksurc tk tkxjfs (hjec hcnb)

Mcftnh Pctnrbntjkf

k Krinfjo Pctnrbntjkf1 Onuscb `y icfctjo bjskrbcr kr cnrhy rnjf bnmnic. C.i., Bkwf

_yfbrkmc.

k Lnmjhjnh Pctnrbntjkf (vnst mnakrjty kl rctnrbcb pckphc)1 Onuscb `y irkwjfi up jf `chkw-

nvcrnic jftchhcotunh cfvjrkfmcft.

Rdc Mcftnhhy Ijltcb

k Okmpnrcb tk mkst pckphc, tcfb tk1

Irkw up jf pksjtjvc lnmjhy ohjmntc

@c mkrc mnturc nfb hcss cmktjkfnhhy trku`hcb

Mnstcr bkmnjfs cnrhjcr nfb hcnrf mkrc cnsjhy @c mkrc jfbcpcfbcft nfb orcntjvc

@c mkrc mktjvntcb

Cfcriy Okfsumptjkf jf @rnjf

k Ihuoksc usc jf `rnjf js djidcr lkr jftchhjicft tdnf hcss jftchhjicft pckphc burjfi rcst.

k @ut jts hkwcr burjfi nssjifcb okifjtjvc tnses.

k _k jftchhjicft pckphc dnvc djidcr hcvch kl `rnjf notjvjty nt tdcjr bjspksnh nfb onf usc jt mkrc

clljojcfthy.

J^ tcsts vs. Nodjcvcmcft tcsts

k J^ tcsts mcnsurc `rknbcr n`jhjtjcs

k J^ tcsts nrc mkrc prcbjotjvc kl luturc pcrlkrmnfock Nodjcvcmcft tcsts (rcnbjfi, mntd, cto.) nrc dcnvjhy bcpcfbcft kf lkrmnh hcnrfjfi nt dkmc

kr sodkkh

k Nodjcvcmcft tcst sokrcs odnfic mkrc rcnbjhy

k Nodjcvcmcft tcsts nsscss mnstcry kl lnotunh jflkrmntjkf5 J^ tcsts nsscss n`jhjty tk npphy

jflkrmntjkf jf fcw wnys

Jssucs/Okftrkvcrsjcs


12/16



k >. Bk jftchhjicfoc tcsts rchy tkk muod kf vcr`nh sejhhs;

\cr`nh sejhhs;

Ouhturnh jns;

k Rcst okftcft js kltcf `jnscb tkwnrb wdjtc, mjbbhc-ohnss suùr`nf mnhc Nmcrjonfs.

k Ydjtcs sokrc >7->3 pts. djidcr kf nvcrnic tdnf Nlrjonf-Nmcrjonfs & Hntjfks.

k Mnhcs sokrc `cttcr tdnf lcmnhcs kf fkf-vcr`nh tcsts.

_tcrcktypc Rdrcnt1 @cjfi rcmjfbcb kl n stcrcktypc tdnt npphjcs tk yku mjidt nllcot ykur

pcrlkrmnfoc, cvcf jl yku bkft `chjcvc tdc stcrcktypc. (C.i., @hnoes & J.^. tcsts5 Ykmcf & mntd).

\nhjbjty1 Bkcs tcst mcnsurc wdnt jts suppkscb tk; Kr nrc wc aust mcnsurjfi n`jhjty tk tnec J^ tcsts;

Pchjn`jhjty1 Bk bjllcrcft vcrsjkfs kl tdc tcst prkbuoc sjmjhnr sokrcs;

Orcntjvjty1 _kmc _tnfbnrb Rcsts

k Muhtjphc Sscs

k Pcmktc Nsskojntjkfs

k Wrk`hcm Pcstruoturjfi (C.i., Mkfe Wrk`hcm)

Kotk`cr 07Okifjtjvc Bcvchkpmcft

_cfskrjmktkr _tnic (`jrtd~0 ycnrs)

k Sfbcrstnfb tdc wkrhb `y notjfi kf jt.

k Kàcot Wcrmnfcfocbcvchkps.

Wrckpcrntjkfnh _tnic (~0~9 Zcnrs)

k

Cikocftrjsm

hnoejfi n`jhjty tk tnec tdc pcrspcotjvc kl nfktdcr

k Hnoe kl Okfscrvntjkf`chjcl tdnt n odnfic jf lkrm jmphjcs n odnfic jf nmkuft

k _cmj-Hkijonh Pcnskfjfiprjmjtjvc nttcmpts tk mkbch tdc wkrhb

Okforctc Kpcrntjkfs (~9~>> ycnrs)

k Okmpctcft nt okfscrvntjkf, pcrspcotjvc-tnejfi

k @ut mcftnh kpcrntjkfs hjmjtcb tk cxpcrjcfoc

Lkrmnh Kpcrntjkfs (lrkm `cijffjfi kl nbkhcsocfoc kfwnrb)

k Fkw onf bk n`strnot tdkuidt, bcbuotjvc rcnskfjfi

Okftcmpkrnry Wcrspcotjvcs

k _cfskrjmktkr _tnic

Kàcot pcrmnfcfoctnecs rkkt cnrhjcr tdnf Wjnict tdkuidt

k Wrckpcrntjkfnh _tnic


13/16



Cikocftrjsmbkcsft dnvc tk koour

Hnoe kl okfscrvntjkfokuhb dnvc `ccf `conusc kl jfstruotjkfs

k Jbcn kl stnics dns `ccf rcphnocb `y fkvjoc-tk-cxpcrt bcvchkpmcft

Okifjtjvc bcvchkpmcft dnppcfs qujoehy, kf n hkt kl lrkfts. Hkts kl wnys n prcsodkkhcr jsnhrcnby mkrc hjec nf nbuht tdnf hjec n >-bny-khb.

Kotk`cr 04, 07>7_kojnh Icfbcr nfb Mkrnh Bcvchkpmcft

_kojnh Bcvchkpmcft

Jflnft Nttnodmcft

k Jflnfts nrc prcbjspkscb tk pny nttcftjkf tk pckphc nfb tk ict nttcftjkf lrkm pckphc

k Njfswkrtds strnfic sjtuntjkf tk nsscss scourc vs. jfscourc nttnodmcft

Rcmpcrnmcft

k Jflnfts `cdnvjkr onf bjllcr nt `jrtd

k Cnrhy tcmpcrnmcft prcbjots `cdnvjkr hntcr jf hjlc

k Rcmpcrnmcfts onf chjojt ocrtnjf pnrcft `cdnvjkrs

Wnrcftjfi _tyhcs

k Jfbuhicft

k Fcihcotluh

k Nutdkrjtnrjnf

k Nutdkrjtntjvc

Bcvchkpmcft kl pcrskfnh jbcftjty

k Odjhbrcf ijvc mksthy pksjtjvc cvnhuntjkfs kl tdcmschvcs

Nbkhcsocfoc

k _djltjfi rkhcs1 jforcnscb bcpcfbcfoc kf pccrs, bcorcnscb bcpcfbcfoc kf pnrcfts.

k Pkmnftjo rchntjkfsdjps

k Mnakrjty kl nbkhcsocfts nrc dnppy, onf okpc wjtd strcss, cfaky sodkkh nfb wkre

Rdc Chbcrhy

k Khb pckphc wdk nrc notjvc nrc dnppjcr

k Mkrc schcotjvc jf tdcjr skojnh fctwkres, prclcrrjfi khb lrjcfbs

k Ouhturcs vjcw tdc chbcrhy bjllcrcfthy

Icfbcr Bcvchkpmcft

Icfbcr Jbcftjty1 cxpcrjcfoc schl ns mnhc kr lcmnhc. Nhrcnby jf phnoc `y cfb kl >st ycnr.

Icfbcr Pkhc1 cxpcotntjkfs lkr dkw lcmnhcs & mnhcs sdkuhb tdjfe, not, lcch. @cijfs nt `jrtd, nfb js

rjijb jf tkbbhcrs.

Wccrs phny n mnakr rkhc.

k _nmc-scx lrjcfbsdjps `y >st irnbc.


14/16



k @kys mkrc hjechy tk phny jf hnric irkups

@ktd scxcs cxpcrjcfoc hkvc, acnhkusy, skojnh nfxjcty, nficr, irjcl, cm`nrrnssmcft.

Mkrnh Bcvchkpmcft nfb _chl Okftrkh

Ekdh`cris _tnics kl Mkrnh Bcvchkpmcft

k HC\CH >1 Wrcokfvcftjkfnh Mkrnhjty

Fk jftcrfnhjzntjkf.

Mkrnh bcojsjkfs nrc `nscb kf lcnr kl pufjsdmcft kr nftjojpntjkf kl rcwnrbs.

k HC\CH 01 Okfvcftjkfnh Mkrnhjty

\nhuc hkynhty nfb onrjfi lkr ktdcrs.

Mkrnh bcojsjkfs nrc `nscb kf tdc fccb lkr skojnh krbcr.

Jl yku lkhhkw tdc ruhcs, jt's `conusc yku rcnhjzc nhh kl us jf skojcty fccb tk, kr tdcrc'b

`c odnks.

Jl yku `rcne tdc ruhcs, yku'b `c bkjfi jt `conusc kl ykur hkvc lkr tdc pcrskf yku'rc

prktcotjfi.

k HC\CH ?1 Wrjfojphcb (kr Wkst-Okfvcftjkfnh) Mkrnhjty

@chjcvc tdnt vnhucs & rjidts mny trnfsocfb hnw.

Mkrnh aubimcft `nscb kf okfsojcfoc, dumnf rjidts.

Mkst pckphc bkft mnec jt tdjs lnr. Mkst kfhy rcnod Okfvcftjkfnh Hcvch. Jts

okmmkf lkr pckphc tk sdjlt nrkufb `ctwccf hcvchs.

Fkvcm`cr 0, 07>7 Wkst okfvcftjkfnh Hcvch & Sfjvcrsnh Ctdjonh Wrjfojphcs

k \cry lcw pckphc rcnod

k _kmc mkrnh trutds nrc n`skhutc, nfb tdcrcs n djidcr mkrnh hnw tdnt sdkuhb `c k`cycb

k _kmc nttrj`utc tdjs stnic kfhy tdjs stnic kfhy tk n lcw rchjijkus hcnbcrsk Ktdcr jfohubc ocrtnjf skojnh hcnbcrs

Mktjvntjkf nfb Cmktjkf

k Nhh tdc prkocsscs jfvkhvcb jf stnrtjfi, bjrcotjfi, nfb mnjftnjfjfi pdysjonh nfb psyodkhkijonh

notjvjtjcs

_kmc @nsjo Rypcs

k @jkhkijonh

k Wsyodkhkijonh

k _kojnh

Brjvc Pcbuotjkf Rdckry

k Wdysjkhkijonh fccb orcntcs n tcfsjkf stntc (n brjvc) tdnt mktjvntcs tdc krinfjsm tk sntjsly

tdc fccb

_kojk`jkhkijonh Npprknod

k Krinfjsms nrc mktjvntcb tk bk tdjfis tdnt wjhh cfsurc survjvnh kl tdcjr icfcs (hjec cnt nfb

dnvc scx).

Kppkfcft-Wrkocss Rdckry

k @kby nttcmpts tk mnjftnjf stn`jhjty


15/16



k _k rnbjonh odnfic hcnbs tk rnbjonh kppksjfi rcnotjkf

k Rdc `jkhkijonh tcfbcfoy js tkwnrb kfcs kwf jftcrfnh stn`jhjty, fkt pnssjfi kf kfcs icfcs

Nodjcvcmcft Mktjvntjkf

k Fccb tk mnstcr bjlljouht odnhhcfics, kutpcrlkrm ktdcrs, `c clljojcft, nfb mcct djid

stnfbnrbs

k Rdcy Orcbjt tdcjr suoocss tk tdcjr kwf n`jhjtjcs rntdcr tdnf huoe

Ourjksjty1 N psyodkhkijonh mktjvntjkf

k Pcwnrb skmctdjfi tdnts nhrcnby phcnsnft

_chl-Okftrkh

k Mktjvntjkf tk bk wdnts ikkb lkr yku onf rcqujrc pkstpkfjfi jmmcbjntc irntjljontjkf

k Rdjs jfvkhvcs cxcoutjvc lufotjkf

k Jl yku cxcoutjvc systcm js kvcrwdchmcb, yku mny odkksc jmpuhsjvchy

Dkhb n 0 bjijt kr 9 bjijt fum`crs jf mcmkry, nfb tdcf odkksc `ctwccf lrujt snhnb

nfb onec.

Fkvcm`cr 2, 07>7Dcnhtd Wsyodkhkiy

Rdc Ljchb

k Iknh1 ufbcrstnfb dkw `jkhkijonh, `cdnvjkrnh, nfb skojnh lnotkrs nllcot dcnhtd

k Rdc `jk psyodkhkijonh mkbch1

@jkhkijonh lnotkrs

Wsyodkhkijonh lnotkrs _kojnh Lnotkrs

k Nhsk rclcrrcb tk ns `cdnvjkrnh mcbjojfc

_kmc ljfbjfis

k Hjlc styhc mnecs n bjllcrcfoc

k Zku jftcrprctntjkf kl cvcfts js orjtjonh tk ykur dcnhtd

k Bcprcssjkf js n strkficr prcbjotkr kl dcnrt nttnoe nfb pkkr rcokvcry lrkm kfc tdnf js djid

odkhcstcrkh kr smkejfi

k Odrkfjo strcss onf mnec yku sjoe

k Zku onf okftrkh `kbjhy lufotjkfs hjec `hkkb prcssurc

k _kojnh suppkrtk Whcnsnft surrkufbjfis dchp wjtd rcokvcry

k Eccpjfi n bjnry onf `kkst ykur jmmufc systcm

Pnfejfi kl onuscs kl bcntd jf tdc S_

>. Dcnrt bjscnsc

0. Onfocr

?. _trkec


16/16



2. Odrkfjo rcspjrntkry bjscnsc

3. Noojbcfts

7.@hkkb pkjskfjfi

Bjrcot Cllcots kl _trcss

k Ycnecfs jmmufjty

k Dcnrt bjscnsc

k Shocrs

k Wnrtjouhnrhy wjtd fcintjvc strcss

Jfbjrcot Cllcots kl _trcss

k @nb bjrt

k Hcss shccp nfb cxcrojsc

k Nhokdkh

k _mkejfi

_trcss nfb Dcnrt Bjscnsc1 Zkur pcrskfnhjty mnttcrs

k Rypc N @cdnvjkr Wnttcrf1 Okmpctjtjvc, dnrb brjvjfi, tjmc-okfsojkus, niircssjvc,

pcrlcotjkfjstjo

k Rypc @ @cdnvjkr Wnttcrf1 Cnsy-ikjfi, rchnxcb, pntjcft

k Rypc Ns mkrc prkfc tk dcnrt bjscnsc lrkm strcss

Wcrocjvcb okftrkh nfb dcnhtd

k Fursjfi dkmc stuby

k Pnfbkm nssjifmcft tk djid pcrskf okftrkh vs. stnfbnrb wchokmc

k >3 mkftds hntcr1

Mkrtnhjty rntc jf djid okftrkh okfbjtjkf >3%

Mkrtnhjty rntc jf `nschjfc okfbjtjkf1 ?7%

N bjstur`jfi lkhhkw-up stuby

k _cfsc kl okftrkh jf tdc cxpcrjmcftnh irkup wns cvcftunhhy rcmkvcb

k Bcntd rntc nmkfi `nschjfc1 7%

k Bcntd rntc nmkfi pckphc wdkb tcmpkrnrjhy dnb tdcjr okftrkh jforcnscb nfb tdcf dnb jt

tnecf nwny1 07%. Bcvnstntjfi

Rdc hcvch kl okftrkh yku cxpcrjcfoc mnttcrs FKY, tkk1 Hcss okftrkh kvcr n sjtuntjkf hcnbs tk

jforcnscb rjse lrkm strcss Djid bcmnfb, hkw okftrkh ak`s dnvc tdc djidcst rjse lkr fcintjvc dcnhtd kutokmcs

_kojnh _uppkrt

k Dcnhtd kutokmcs `cttcr lkr odrkfjonhhy jhh pckphc wjtd suppkrt lrkm hkvcb kfcs

k _uppkrt irkups (`ktd rcnh nfb vjrtunh) nrc `cfcljojnh. Wrkvjbc jflkrmntjkf, mktjvntjkf,

kptjmjsm, kppkrtufjty lkr cmktjkfnh bjsohksurc.

psy 103 class notes

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