1. Quantum GIS Version 1.7.0 Wroclaw

2. i Quantum GIS . , . Quantum GIS GNU General Public License . Quantum GIS http://www.qgis.org . , . . , . , , , . . PDFhttp://qgis.osgeo.org/documentation/manuals.html . QGIC . http://www.qgis.org/wiki/ . 3. ii PDFhttp://qgis.osgeo.org/documentation/manuals.html . QGIC . http://www.qgis.org/wiki/ . Tara Athan Radim Blazek Godofredo ContrerasOtto Dassau Martin Dobias Peter ErstsAnne Ghisla Stephan Holl N. HorningMagnus Homann K. Koy Lars LuthmanWerner Macho Carson J.Q.Farmer Tyler MitchellClaudia A. Engel Brendan Morely David WillisJrgen E. Fischer Marco Hugentobler Gavin MacaulayGary E. Sherman Tim Sutton Bertrand Masson, msys(MS Windows) Tisham Dhar, MAC OCX Tom Elwertowski William Kyngesburye, CarlosDvila, Paolo Cavallini, Christian Gunning . . . . 4. Copyright 2004 - 2011 Quantum GIS Development TeamInternet : http://www.qgis.orgiii Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify thisdocument under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free SoftwareFoundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and noBack-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in section B1)entitled GNUFreeDocumentationLicense.1) 373 B. GNU Free Documentation License 5. 1 31. GIS 171.1. ? 181.1.1. 191.1.2. 192. 212.1. 212.2. 222.3. 243. 273.1. QGIS 273.1.1. 283.2. QGIS 313.2.1. 323.2.2. 423.2.3. 423.2.4. 453.2.5. 463.2.6. 473.2.7. 483.2.8. 483.3. 493.3.1. 503.3.2. 503.4. 523.4.1. , , 52v 6. 3.4.2. 543.5. 543.6. 563.7. GUI Option 573.8. (Annotation tools) 633.8.1. 643.9. (Spatial Bookmarks) 653.9.1. 653.9.2. 663.9.3. 663.9.4. 663.10. GPS 673.10.1. 683.10.2. GPS 683.10.3. GPS 693.10.4. GPS 694. 714.1. ESRI Shapefiles 724.1.1. Shapefile 734.1.2. 764.1.3. MapInfo 764.1.4. ArcInfo Binary Coverage 764.2. PostGIS Layers 774.2.1. 774.2.2. PostGIS 794.2.3. PostgreSQL 804.2.4. PostgreSQL 814.2.5. 834.2.6. 180 854.3. SpatiaLite Layers 864.4. 874.4.1. 884.4.2. 914.4.3. Style Manager 974.4.4. 97vi 7. 4.4.5. (Labels Tab) 1004.4.6. 1054.4.7. (Attribute Tab) 1094.4.8. (General Tab) 1124.4.9. (Metadata Tab) 1134.4.10. (Action Tab) 1134.4.11. (Joins Tab) 1184.4.12. (Diagram Tab) 1194.5. 1224.5.1. 1224.5.2. / 1244.5.3. 1254.5.4. 1324.5.5. Shapefile SpatiaLite 1374.5.6. 1394.6. 1444.7. 1465. 1515.1. ? 1515.2. QGIS 1525.3. 1535.3.1. (Style Tab) 1545.3.2. (Transparency Tab) 1555.3.3. (Colormap Tab) 1565.3.4. (General Tab) 1575.3.5. (Metadata Tap) 1585.3.6. (Pyramid Tab) 1585.3.7. (Histogram Tab) 1595.4. 1595.5. 1606. OGC 1636.1. OGC 1636.2. WMS 1646.2.1. WMS 1646.2.2. WMS 165vii 8. 6.2.3. WMS Layer 1676.2.4. (Server-Search) 1706.2.5. (Layer Order) 1716.2.6. Tilesets 1716.2.7. 1726.2.8. WMS Client 1736.3. WFS WFS-T 1746.3.1. WFS 1747. QGIS Server 1797.1. Debian Squeeze 1807.2. QGIS project WMS 1818. 1858.1. 1858.2. 1868.3. (OTF) 1888.4. 1909. GRASS GIS 1939.1. GRASS 1949.2. GRASS 1949.3. GRASS LOCATION MAPSET 1969.3.1. GRASS LOCATION 1969.3.2. MAPSET 1999.4. GRASS LOCATION 2009.5. GRASS 2029.6. GRASS 2039.7. GRASS 2049.8. GRASS 2079.9. GRASS 2099.9.1. GRASS 2109.9.2. GRASS 2109.9.3. GRASS 2139.9.4. GRASS LOCATION 2229.9.5. GRASS 22310. 22510.1. 226viii 9. 10.2. 22710.3. QGIS 22810.3.1. - 23010.3.2. - 23110.4. 23210.4.1. - 23210.4.2. - 23510.4.3. -, 23710.4.4. - 23910.5. 24110.6. 24110.7. 24210.8. 24310.9. , , 24410.10. 24510.11. 24611. QGIS (QGIS Plugins) 24911.1. 24911.1.1. QGIS 25011.1.2. QGIS 25111.1.3. QGIS Python Plugin Installer 25211.2. (Data Provider) 25712. QGIS 25912.1. 26112.2. 26212.2.1. 26212.2.2. 26312.2.3. 26412.3. 26512.4. Dxf2Shp 26712.5. eVis 26912.5.1. 26912.5.2. 27612.5.3. 27612.6. fTools 285ix 10. 12.7. GDAL 29312.7.1. GDALTools ? 29312.7.2. GDAL 29312.7.3. 29712.8. Georeference[] 30012.9. GPS 30712.9.1. GPS ? 30712.9.2. GPS 30712.9.3. GPSBabel 30912.9.4. GPS 30912.9.5. GPS 30912.9.6. GPS 31012.9.7. GPS 31112.10. 31212.11. MapServer 31512.11.1. 31512.11.2. 31612.11.3. 31912.12. 32012.13. GeoRaster 32112.13.1. 32212.13.2. GeoRaster 32312.13.3. GeoRaster 32512.14. OpenStreetMap 32612.14.1. 33012.14.2. 33012.14.3. OSM 33212.14.4. OSM 33312.14.5. OSM 33412.14.6. 33812.14.7. OSM 34012.14.8. OSM 34212.14.9. OSM 34312.14.10. OSM 34512.15. 345x 11. 12.16. 34812.17. 35012.18. SQL Anywhere 35213. 35513.1. 35513.2. IRC 35713.3. Bug Tracker 35813.4. Blog 35913.5. Wiki 359: 361A GNU General Public License 363A.1 Quantum GIS Qt exception for GPL 371B GNU Free Documentation License 373Literature and Web References 387xi 12. 1 . , . . . , . , . , , , . , . . , . . GIS , . EU, 13. , , GIS , GIS . GIS . GIS (OSGeo) . (OSGeo, Open SourceGeoSpatial Foundation) , GIS . OSGeo , . OSGeo http://www.osgeo.org , OSI . Quantum GIS(QGIS) OSGeo . GIS OSGeo (OSGeoKorean Chapter, www.osgeo.kr) 2008 . OSGeo GIS , QuantumGIS(QGIS) . . QGIS . QGIS . QGIS .2 QGIS 1.7.0 ,OSGeo 14. 3 GIS(Geographical Information System) ! Quantum GIS(QGIS) (GIS :Geographic Information System). 2002 5 , 6 SourceForge . ( ) GIS , . QGIS Unix , Windows, OS X .QGIS Qt (http://qt.nokia.com) C++ .QGIS , GUI .QGIS , GIS . QGIS GIS (data viewer). , GIS . QGIS , . QGIS GNU GeneralPublic License(GPL) . QGIS , . , GIS QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 1111 http://download.osgeo.org/qgis/doc/manual/, QGIS http://www.qgis.org/en/documentation . 15. . QGIS , Appendix A2) . QGIS GIS . 6 . QGIS / / . . PostGIS SpatialLite , ESRI shape, MapInfo, SDTS, GML , OGR GeoTiff, ERDAS Img., ArcInfo Ascii Grid, JPEG, PNG ,GDAL(Geospatial Data Abstraction Library) SpatiaLite (4.3 ) GRASS GRASS .9 OGC- Web Map Service (WMS) Web Feature Service(WFS) . OGC- Web MapService (WMS) Web Feature Service (WFS) 6 . OpenStreetMap (12.14 ).2) 363 A. GNU General Public License4 QGIS 1.7.0 16. 5 QGIS , GUI . GUI . (on the fly projection) (map composer) (overview panel) (spatial bookmarks) /(identify/select features) //(edit/view/search attributes) (feature labeling) / (change vector and raster symbology) (add a graticule layer) fTools , , (decorateyour map with a north arrow scale bar and copyright label) (save and restore projects) , , , QGIS , , , . GRASS . QGIS . OGR GRASS shapefile GRASS Georeferencer[] GPX / GPS . GPS GPX GPS (Linux usb . GPS ) / OpenstreetMap SPIT shapefile PostGIS 17. PostGIS (4.5.6 ) Table Manager PostgreSQL/PostGIS , fToolsPython OGR . QGIS , , , . GRASS , 400 GRASS .(9 ) QGIS mapfile , UMN MapServer . QGIS WMS WFS WMS . QGIS QGIS . QGIS . C++Python . (Core Plugins)1. (x,y )2. ( )3. (, , )4. ( )5. ( ) ( 6 QGIS 1.7.0 18. 7)6. DXF2Shp (DXF Shape )7. GPS (GPS )8. GRASS (GRASS GIS )9. GDAL (GDAL QGIS )10. Georeferencer[] GDAL (GDAL )11. ( (interpolation))12. PostGIS QGIS 13. Mapserver (QGIS project MapServer map )14. ( )15. OpenStreetMap (openstreetmap )16. Oracle Spatial GeoRaster 17. (QGIS python )18. SpatiaLite (SpatiaLite SpatiaLite GUI)19. ( )20. ( )21. SPIT (Shapefile PostgreSQL/PostGIS )22. SQL Anywhere ( SQL Anywhere )23. (Spatial Query) ( )24. WFS (QGIS canvas WFS )25. eVIS ((Event) )26. fTools ( )27. Python (QGIS ) Python QGIS python 19. . PyQGIS , Python .(11 )1.7.0 . , QGIS 1.0.x QGIS 1.6.0 . . 277 , . (Symbology labels and diagrams) . . (symbology-ng). (Font marker) X,Y . : / :svg . () : // 8 QGIS 1.7.0 20. 9 :GDAL DEM GUI $x, $y, $perimeter (voronoi) . . . 0 (CRS) ( ) AND OR Providers and Data Handling SQLAnywhere 21. (Table join) NULL value NULL (combo boxes). value id : expr_ , NULL ( /, ) undo/redo / OGR . (: DGN/DXF).API QgsFeatureAttribute . QgsVectorLayer::featureAdded C++ . . fTools . , , . QgsGeometry.validateGeometry .QGIS 10 QGIS 1.7.0 22. properties WMS 11(wms_metadata.xml ) GetPrint-Request WMS quickprint - easyprint OGR - save as Printing Undo/Redo 23. 13 . .GUI GUI GUI . , GUI . : Layer Add a Raster Layer Setting ToolbarDigitizing: Add a Raster Layer: Save as Default : Layer Properties: General: nviz - Open 3D-View in NVIZ: Render: Postgis EPSG ID : Hue 60 : Outline style Solid Line | : 24. :: Transparency 10% 020mm : Display Name lakes.shp . , , .: http://qgis.org : Ctrl+B Ctrl B . : lakes.shp : NewLayer: classFactory: myhost.de : --help .PROJCS[NAD_1927_Albers,GEOGCS[GCS_North_American_1927, GUI : { FileQGIS} Quit QGIS .14 QGIS 1.7.0 25. Linux, Unix, Window File Quit , OSX QGIS , Quit . . 15 . . . . . , . , . . 26. 171. GIS (GIS)([3]3)) , , . (Geospatial data) . . Spatial data , (geographic data), GIS, , , , . . . . ( ) , . , . .1. 2. 3. 4. 3) Tyler Mitchell(http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg/7053) Creative Commons License . Tyler Web MappingIllustrated(OReilly, 2005) . 387 27. 1.1 ?5. 6. , . , .1.1. ? . . . . (GPS : Global positioning system) , 20 . , . , . GIS CAD . PC , , , . . . ? . .18 QGIS 1.7.0 28. 1.1.1. 1. GIS 191.1.1. (raster) . . (DEM: digital elevationmodel) . , . (cell) (pixel) . . , (: 30m x 30m). (: // ) . (band) . , , . . , . .1.1.2. . , . , . x, y . x , y . 29. 1.1 ? , . . (map projection) , . 3 . , .1. (x,y) .2. (x1 y1, x2 y2, x3 y4, ... xn yn) , (x1 y1) (x2 y2) . (line segment) . , . ,(line string) .3. 2 , . , , . .20 QGIS 1.7.0 30. 212. QGIS , QGIS .2.1. QGIS . MS Windows Mac OSX . GNU/Linux . QGIS .http://download.qgis.org QGIS , QGIS .http://www.qgis.org/en/documentation/manuals.htmlQGIS QGIS . QGIS -configpath , ( /.qgis ) . QGIS 31. 2.2. .2.2. QGIS .Windows QGIS . [ ] [GIS Database] . . . GIS QGIS http://download.qgis.orgQGIS GNU/Linux Mac OSX rpm, deb, dmg . ZIP TAR qgis_sample_data .http://download.osgeo.org/qgis/dataAlaska . GRASS . Alaska Alaska Albers Equal Area, (ft) . EPSG 2964.22 QGIS 1.7.0 32. 2. 23PROJCS[Albers Equal Area,GEOGCS[NAD27,DATUM[North_American_Datum_1927,SPHEROID[Clarke1866,6378206.4,294.978698213898,AUTHORITY[EPSG,7008]],TOWGS84[-3,142,183,0,0,0,0],AUTHORITY[EPSG,6267]],PRIMEM[Greenwich,0,AUTHORITY[EPSG,8901]],UNIT[degree,0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY[EPSG,9108]],AUTHORITY[EPSG,4267]],PROJECTION[Albers_Conic_Equal_Area],PARAMETER[standard_parallel_1,55],PARAMETER[standard_parallel_2,65],PARAMETER[latitude_of_center,50],PARAMETER[longitude_of_center,-154],PARAMETER[false_easting,0],PARAMETER[false_northing,0],UNIT[us_survey_feet,0.3048006096012192]]QGIS GRASS , GRASS GIS (Spearfish South Dakota) .http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data.php 33. 2.3. 2.3. QGIS QGIS . QGIS . QGIS_sample_data/raster/landcover.img , QGIS _sample_data/gml/lakes.gml .QGIS Linux: QGIS QGIS .Windows: QGIS QGIS .Mac OSX: QGIS . 1. Add Raster Layer[ ] .2. qgis_sample_data/raster/ ERDAS IMG landcover.img Open[] .3. Filetype Erdas Imagine Images(*.img, *.IMG) .4. Add Vector Layer[ ] .24 QGIS 1.7.0 34. 5. Add Vector Layer[ ] Source Type[ ] File[] Browse[] .6. qgis_sample/gml/ lakes.gml ,Open[] . [Add Vector] OK . lakes Properties[ ] Style[] Fill options 10. Display Labels 2. 25 2.1. QGIS 35. 2.3. Field containing label[ ] Name . Buffer Labels Apply OK QGIS . QGIS , .26 QGIS 1.7.0 36. 273. 2 QGIS . .3.1. QGIS 2.3 QGIS . QGIS , .Linux: QGIS , qgis QGIS QGIS . QGIS .Windows: , QGIS QGIS .Mac OSX: QGIS . , QGIS /path-toinstallation-executable/Contents/MacOS/Qgis .QGIS , Linux, Windows { File 37. 3.1. QGIS QGIS Quit[] . Ctrl+B .3.1.1. QGIS . , 'qgis --help' . QGIS .qgis --helpQuantum GIS - 1.7.0-Wroclaw Wroclaw (exported)Quantum GIS (QGIS) is a viewer for spatial datasets, including raster and vector data.Usage: qgis [options] [FILES]Options:[--snapshot filename] emit snapshot of loadeddatasets to given file[--width width] width of snapshot to emit[--height height] height of snapshot to emit[--lang language] use language for interface text[--project projectfile] load the given QGISproject[--extent xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax] set initial mapextent[--nologo] hide splash screen[--noplugins] dont restore plugins on startup[--optionspath path] use the given QSettings path[--configpath path] use the given path for alluser configuration28 QGIS 1.7.0 38. 3.1.1. QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 2222 QGIS . qgis_sample_data . , QGIS . qgis ./raster/landcover.img./gml/lakes.gml3. 29[--help] this textFILES:Files specified on the command line can includerasters, vectors, and QGIS project files (.qgs):1. Rasters - Supported formats include GeoTiff,DEM and others supported by GDAL2. Vectors - Supported formats include ESRI andothers supported by OGR and PostgreSQL layers usingthe PostGIS extension --snapshot QGIS PNG . , . 800x600 PNG . --width --height . --snapshot . --langQGIS locale (localization) . , . , --lang=it QGIS . 39. 3.1. QGIS .http://www.qgis.org/wiki/GUI_Translation_Progress --projectQGIS QGIS .--project QGIS , QGIS . --extent QGIS . --extent xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax . --nologoQGIS QGIS . noplugins QGIS QGIS . QGIS Plugin Manager[ ] . --optionspathQGIS , . 3.7 . , . --configpath30 QGIS 1.7.0 40. --optionspath , QGIS (./qgis) QSettings . QGIS .3.2. QGIS QGIS QGIS . ( 1 6 QGIS . .) 3.1. Alaska QGIS GUI: ( ) 3. 31 41. 3.2. QGIS .QGIS GUI 6 .1. 2. 3. File[]New Project[ ] Ctrl+N 3.5 File[]Open Project[ ] Ctrl+O 3.5 File[]32 QGIS 1.7.0 4. 5. 6. QGIS 6 . .3.2.1. QGIS . . , 4) . , , . . 3.2.2. .4) . [Settings] [Configure Shortcuts] . 42. 3.2.1. 3. 33Open Recent Projects [ ]3.5Save Project[ ] Ctrl+S 3.5 File[]Save Project As[ ]Ctrl+Shift+S3.5 File[]Save as Image[ ]3.6New Print Composer[ ]Ctrl+P 10 File[]Composer Manager[ ]10 File[]Print Composers [ ]10Exit[] Ctrl+Q Edit[]Undo[ ] Ctrl+F 4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingRedo[ ]Ctrl+Shift+Z4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingCut Features[ ]Ctrl+X 4.5.3 DigitizingCopy Features[ ] Ctrl+C 4.5.3 DigitizingPaste Features[ ]Ctrl+V 4.5.3 Digitizing 43. 3.2. QGIS Move Features[ ]34 QGIS 1.7.0 4.5.3 DigitizingDelete Selected[ ]4.5.3 DigitizingSimplify Feature[ ]4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingAdd Ring[ ] 4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingAdd Part[ ] 4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingDelete Ring[ ] 4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingDelete Part[ ]4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingReshape Features[ ]4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingSplit Features[ ]4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingMerge selected Features[ ]4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingMerge attributes ofselected Features[ ]4.5.4AdvancedDigitizingNode Tool[ ] 4.5.3 DigitizingRotate Point Symbols[ ]4.5.4AdvancedDigitizing 44. 3.2.1. Toggle Editing[ ] , (, , ) Edit[] (FeatureCapture) .Capture Point[ ] 4.5.3 DigitizingCapture Line[ ] 4.5.3 DigitizingCapture Polygon[ ] 4.5.3 Digitizing 3. 35 View[]Pan Map[ ]MapNavigationZoom In[] Ctrl++MapNavigationZoom Out[] Ctrl+-MapNavigationSelect[] 3.4.2 AttributesIdentify Features[ ]Ctrl+Shift+IAttributesMeasure[] 3.4 AttributesZoom Full[ ]Ctrl+Shift+FMapNavigationZoom To Layer[ ]MapNavigationZoom To Selection[ ]Ctrl+JMapNavigation 45. 3.2. QGIS Zoom Last[ ]36 QGIS 1.7.0 MapNavigationZoom Next[ ]MapNavigationZoom Actual Size[ ]Map Tips[ ] AttributesNew Bookmark[ ] Ctrl+B 3.9 AttributesShow Bookmarks[ ]Ctrl+Shift+B3.9 AttributesRefresh[ ] Ctrl+RMapNavigationTile Scale Slider[ ]6.2.6 Tile ScaleLive GPS Tracking[ GPS ]3.10GPSInformationPanels[] Toolbars[] Toggle Full Screen Mode[ ]Ctrl+F Layer[]New[ ] 4.5.5ManageLayersAdd Vector Layer[ ]Ctrl+Shift+V4ManageLayers 46. 3.2.1. 3. 37Add Raster Layer[ ]Ctrl+Shift+R5ManageLayersAdd PostGIS Layer[PostGIS ]Ctrl+Shift+S4.2ManageLayersAdd SpatiaLite Layer[SpatiaLite ]Ctrl+Shift+L4.3ManageLayersAdd WMS Layer[WMS ]Ctrl+Shift+W6.2ManageLayersAdd Delimited Text Layer[ ]ManageLayersAdd Oracle GeoRaster Layer[Oracle GeoRaster ]ManageLayersAdd SQL Anywhere Layer[SQL Anywhere ]ManageLayersAdd WFS Layer[WFS ]MapNavigationOpen Attribute Table[ ]AttributesSave Edits[ ] DigitizingToggle Editing[ ]DigitizingSave As[ ] 47. 3.2. QGIS Save Selection as Vector File[ ]Remove Layer[() ]38 QGIS 1.7.0 Ctrl+D 4.5.6Set CRS of Layer(s)[ ]Ctrl+Shift+CSet Project CRS from Layer[ ]Properties[]Query[]Labeling[]Add To Overview[ ]Ctrl+Shift+OManageLayersAdd All To Overview[ ]Remove All From Overview[ ]Show All Layers[ ]Ctrl+Shift+UManageLayersHide All Layers[ ]Ctrl+Shift+HManageLayers Setting[] 48. 3.2.1. 3. 39Project Properties[ ]Ctrl+Shift+P3.5Custom CRS[ ]8.4Style Manager[ ]Configure Shortcuts[ ]Options[] 3.7Snapping Options [ ] Plugin[]Manage Plugins[ ]11.1 PluginPython Console[Python ] Vector[]Analysis Tools [ ]Research Tools [ ]Geoprocessing Calculator[ ] 49. 3.2. QGIS Geometry Tools [ ]Data Management Tools[ ] Database[]Spit Raster[]Raster Calculator 5.4 Help[]Help Contents[QGIS ]40 QGIS 1.7.0 F1 5.4 HelpWhats this Shift+F1API Documentation[API ]QGIS Homepage[QGIS ]Ctrl+NCheck QGIS Version[QGIS ]About[QGIS ] 50. 3.2.1. : KDE . GNOME Settings[] , .3. 41QGIS Sponsors[QGIS ]Project Properties[ ]File menuOptions[] EditConfigure Shortcuts[ ]EditStyle Manager[ ]EditCustom CRS[ CRS]EditPanels[] ViewToolbars[] ViewToggle Full Screen Mode[ ]ViewTile Scale Slider[ ]View 51. 3.2. QGIS Live GPS Tracking[ GPS ]3.2.2. , . . . . .3.2.3. . . (Z-ordering) . . . 42 QGIS 1.7.0 ViewQQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 3333 , Setting[] Toolbars[] . 52. 3.2.3. Add Group[] , Enter . . , . , Make to top level item[ ] . . . . 3. 43GRASS Toggle Editing[ ] . GRASS 9.7 . Zoom to layer extent[ ] Zoom to best scale (100%)[(100%) ] Show in overview[ ] Remove[] Set layer CRS[ ] Set project CRS from layer[ ] 53. 3.2. QGIS Properties[]Rename[ ] Add Group[ ] Expand all[ ] Collapse all[ ] Zoom to layer extent[ ] Show in overview[ ] Remove[] Set layer CRS[ ] Set project CRS from layer[ ] Open attribute table[ ] Toggle editing (not available for GRASS layers)[ ] Save as[ ] Save selection as[ ] Query[] Properties[]Rename[ ] 44 QGIS 1.7.0 54. 3.2.4. 3. 45Add Group[ ] Expand all[ ] Collapse all[ ] Zoom to group[ ] Remove[] Set group CRS[ CRS ] Rename[ ] Add Group[ ] Expand all[ ] Collapse all[ ] Ctrl . . Ctrl Ctrl+D . .3.2.4. QGIS 55. 3.2. QGIS . .( .) , , . . . .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 4444 . , ( ) , ( ) . . Setting[] Option[] Map tools[] .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 5555 . , , . . .3.2.5. . View[] Panels[] . . . , 46 QGIS 1.7.0 56. 3.2.6. . , Show in overview [ ] . Overview . , 3. 473.2.6. (: ) . , (, , ) . . , .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 6666 QGIS (degree). , . Settings[] Project Properties[ ] General[] (meter) , CRS status[ ] (Coordinate Reference System) . , (:+units=m) . 57. 3.2. QGIS . . .(3.3 ) . EPSG . .3.2.7. QGIS . 3.2.1 .Settings[] Configure Shortcuts[ ] . . Change[] , Set none[ ] Set default[ ] .XML . QGIS .3.2.8. , . , .48 QGIS 1.7.0 58. 3.2.8. 3.2. (KDE)3. 493.3. QGIS . . // GIS 59. 3.3. on/off QGIS .3.3.1. , . Properties[] . General[] / Use scale dependentrendering[ ] . , / , QGIS .3.3.2. .a) / Render[] . Render[] QGIS 3.3 . , . 50 QGIS 1.7.0 60. 3.3.2. 3. 51 Render[] , .b) . , . , . Settings[] Option[] Rendering[] . Bydefault new layers added to the map should be displayed [ .] , .c) . QGIS . Settings[]Option[] Rendering[] . . 0 (0 ). 61. 3.4. , . 500.d) . Settings[] Option[] Rendering[] .Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of some drawingperformance [ ( .)]Fix problems with incorrectly filled polygons [ ]3.4. (: UTM) . , () , / . (8 ). . . .3.4.1. , , QGIS , . Settings[]Option[] Map tools[ ] 52 QGIS 1.7.0 62. 3.4.1. , , . rubberband (meter, feet), (, , gon) . . . . . . (4.5.1 ). , . .3. 53(a) (c) (b) 3.3. 63. 3.5. . . , .3.4.2. QGIS . . 3.5. QGIS . QGIS . , (3.7 ). QGIS File[] Save Project[ ] File[] Save Project As[ ] . QGIS File[] Open Project[ ] 54 QGIS 1.7.0 64. . File[]New Project[ ] . , . . XML . QGIS . QGIS . QGIS . Settings[] Option[] General[] .Promt to save project changes when required [ 3. 55 ]Warn when opening a project file saved with an older versionof QGIS [ QGIS ] File[] Project Properties[ ] Settings[] Project Properties[ ] , . General[] , , , 65. 3.6. , , (/) . ( ) . CRS[] . / . Identifiable layers[ ] (identify tool) (3.7 ).WMS Server[WMS ] QGIS , . Add WKT geometryto feature info response [ WKT ] WMS .3.6. QGIS . 3.5 . . Save as Image[ ] (PNG, JPG ), , . , (world file, PNGW JPGW) . New Print Composer[ ] (10 ).56 QGIS 1.7.0 66. 3. 573.7. GUI OptionOption[] QGIS . Setting Option[] . .General[] Prompt to save project changes when required [ ] Warn when opening a project file saved with an olderversion of QGIS [ QGIS ] (Default[], Classic[], gis ) . 12, 24, 32 open layer properties[ ] open attribute table[ ] Capitalise layer names in legend [ ] Display classification attribute names in legend [ ] Create raster icons in legend [ ] Hide splash screen at startup [ ] Open identify results in a dock window (QGIS restartrequired) [ . (QGIS )] Open snapping options in a dock window (QGIS restart 67. 3.7. GUI Optionrequired) [ (QGIS )] Open attribute table in a dock window [ (QGIS )] Add PostGIS layers with double click and select in extendedmode [ PostGIS ] Add new layers to selected group [ ] ( (), , ) NULL C++ Rendering[] By default new layers added to the map should be displayed[ .(y)] Use render caching where possible to speed up redraws [ ] Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of somedrawing performance [ ( )] Fix problems with incorrectly filled polygons [ ] Use new generation symbology for rendering [ ] SVG / SVG , 58 QGIS 1.7.0 68. Settings[] Project Properties[ ] General[] .3. 59Map tools[ ] (identify tool) . Current layer[ ] Topdown[] Top down, stop at first[, ] , (3.5 ) . Open feature form, if a single feature is identified[ ] (%). . . . Keep base unit[ ] Define preferred measurement units (meters or feet) [ ] (meter, feet] Define preferred angle units (Degrees, Radians or Gon) [] (Degree, Radian, Gon)] (Zoom[], Zoom and recenter[ ], Zoom to cursor[ ],None[]) .Overlay[] (central point (standard)[[ ], chain[(), popmusic tabu chain[ 69. 3.7. GUI Option()], popmusic tabu[ ()], popmusic chain[ ( )] )Digitizing[] . (to vertex[ ], tosegment[ ], to vertex and segment[ ]) . . Show markers only for selected features[ .] (Cross[()], Semi transparent circle[ ], none[]) . Reuse last entered attribute values[ ] Suppress attributes pop-up windows after each create feature[ .]CRS[] . . . Enable on the fly reprojection by default [ (f)] . Prompt for coordinate Reference System(CRS)[ (c)]60 QGIS 1.7.0 70. Project wide default Coordinate Reference System (CRS) willbe used [ (p) Global default Coordinate Reference System (CRS) displayedbelow will be used [ (y)]3. 61Locale[] Overwrite system locale and use defined locale instead [ ] (locale) Network[] Use proxy for web access [Web ], , , Proxy type .Default Proxy : Proxy .Socks5Proxy : Genericproxy. TCP, UDP, binding to a port(incoming connections), .HttpProxy : CONNECT . TCP . .HttpCachingProxy : HTTP . HTTP FtpCachingProxy : FTP . FTP .( ) WMS . .http://geopole.org/wms/search?search=%1type=rss 71. 3.7. GUI Option 3.4. QGIS Proxy-setting ( ms) - 60000 URL Add[] ( 3.4). URL , URL . Remove[] . http://doc.trolltech.com/4.5/qnetworkproxy.html#ProxyType-enum QT-library-documentation .62 QGIS 1.7.0 72. QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 7777 . . . QGIS . :$HOME/.config/QuantumGIS/qgis.conf3. 63 :$HOME/Library/Preferences/org.qgis.qgis.plist :HKEYCURRENT_USERSoftwareQuantumGISqgis3.8. (Annotation tools) QGIS . . . . , . , . GIS, . . 73. 3.8. (Annotation tools) 3.5. 3.8.1. . qt ( 3.6). qt . QGIS http://blog.qgis.org/node/143 .: ( , , ) Ctrl+T .64 QGIS 1.7.0 74. 3.6. qt 3.9. (Spatial Bookmarks) () 3. 65 .3.9.1. :1. .2. View[] New Bookmark[ ] Ctrl+B .3. ( 255) . 75. 3.9. (Spatial Bookmarks)4. OK , Cancel . .3.9.2. View[]Show Bookmark[ ] . Geospatial Bookmarks[ ] , (Zoom to) . .3.9.3. Geospatial Bookmarks[ ] Zoom To[] . .3.9.4. Geospatial Bookmarks[ ] , Delete[] . OK .66 QGIS 1.7.0 76. 3. 673.10. GPS GPS View[]Live GPS Tracking[ GPS ] . GPS .GPS 4 .( 3.7 3.8 )(a) GPS . .(b) GPS (c) GPS . .(d) GPS ( 3.8. )GPS ( ) Connect[] QGIS GPS . (Disconnect[ ] ) GPS .GNU/ , GPS . GPS gpsd .[]: GPS . 77. 3.10. GPS (a) 68 QGIS 1.7.0 (b) GPS (c) GPS 3.7. GPS 3.10.1. GPS 3.7(a) .3.10.2. GPS GPS ( 3.7(b)) 78. 3.10.4. GPS 3. 693.10.3. GPS 3.7(c) . ID.3.10.4. GPS GPS Autodetect []Use path/port below [ / ] , GPS / . Connect[] GPS .GPS Cursor Size[GPS ] 10% . Auto-addvertices [ ] GPS ( ) .GPS map recenter[GPS ] GPS GPS , , , .Track[] . Position Coordinates[ ] , Add feature[ ] . 79. 3.10. GPS 3.8. GPS 70 QGIS 1.7.0 80. 714. QGIS ESRI Shape , Mapinfo MIF TAB OGR 5) . OGR [5]6) 60 . http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr_formats.html .: QGIS . , , , OS GDAL/OGR . QGIS . *.* .GRASS 9 . .(ESRI shape files, PostGIS layers, SpatialLite layers) QGIS . QGIS , (identify), (select), (labeling) (attribute) .GRASS PostgreSQL QGIS 5) GRASS PostgreSQL QGIS .6) 387 81. 4.1 ESRI Shapefiles .4.1. ESRI ShapefilesQGIS ESRI Shapefile. OGR Simple Feature Library (http://www.gdal.org/ogr/) . Shapefile , 3 . .shp .dbf dBase .shx Shapefile .prj . , .Shapefile . ESRI .http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shapefile.pdfShape.prj .prj shape , QGIS , Layer Properties[ ] General[] . .prj QGIS , CRS[] . QGIS Shapefile . , ESRI 72 QGIS 1.7.0 82. 4.1.1. Shapefile , .prj, QGIS , .qpj . QGIS .qpj .prj .qpj .4. 734.1.1. Shapefile Shapefile , QGIS Add Vector Layer[ ] Ctrl+ Shift+V . . ( 4.1 ). File[] Browse[] . ( 4.2) Shape File . 4.1. 83. 4.1 ESRI Shapefiles 4.2. OGC | OGR . Shapefile . Open[] QGIS . 4.3 alaska.shp .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 8888 . . / . . Properties[] 74 QGIS 1.7.0 84. 4.1.1. Shapefile Layer Properties[] . 4.4.1 .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 9999 OS X OS X File[] Open Project[ ] . OS X / . /Volumes . 4.3. QGIS Alaska Shape File4. 75 85. 4.1 ESRI Shapefiles4.1.2. Shapefile , . .QGIS .qix . . Shapefile Layer Properties[] ( Shapefile Properties[] ) General[] Create Spatial Index[ ] .4.1.3. MapInfo MapInfo Add Vector Layer Ctrl+Shift+V . [OGR]MapInfo (*.mif*.tab*.MIF*.TAB| .TAB .tab .4.1.4. ArcInfo Binary Coverage ArcInfo Binary Coverage Add Vector Layer Ctrl+Shift+V Add Vector Layer . Directory 76 QGIS 1.7.0 86. Arc/Info Binary Coverage | . . UK National Transfer Format TIGER Format .4. 774.2. PostGIS LayersPostGIS PostgreSQL .PostGIS , . PostGIS , QGIS OGR .4.2.1. PostGIS PostgreSQL .Add PostGIS Layer Layer[] Ctrl+Shift+D Add PostGIS . Add Vector Layer Database. Add PostGIS Table(s) . New Create a New PostGIS Connection . 4.1 . . 87. 4.2. PostGIS Layers Save Username [ ] Save Password [ ] Only look in the geometry_columns table [geometry_columns ] Only look in the public schema ['public' ] Also list tables with no geometry [geometry ] Use estimated table metadata [ ] Test Connect .Name 4.1. PostGIS . .Service / .( ) pg_service.conf .Host . Ping .PortPostgreSQL . 5432.Database Database SSLModeSSL . .-disable : SSL -allow : Non-SSL , SSL-prefer() : SSL, non-SSL-require : SSL 78 QGIS 1.7.0 88. 4.2.2. PostGIS PostGIS SSL .4.2.2. PostGIS PostgreSQL . PostgreSQL Data . 4.2.4 .PostGIS . Add PostGIS Table(s) Add PostGIS Layer . Connect . Also list tables with no geometry [geometry ] . Search Options [ ] Build Query Build query .4. 79Username Password QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11110000 QGIS .: .QGIS: QGIS . 89. 4.2. PostGIS Layers . . Shift . PostgreSQL Query Bulider 4.6 . Add .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11111111 PostGIS PostGIS geometry_columns table .1.6.0 QGIS geometry_columns table . . . PostgreSQL .4.2.3. PostgreSQL QGIS PostgreSQL . QGIS , . QGIS PostgreSQL , QGIS , QGIS PostgreSQL .QGIS PostgreSQL . .QGIS int4( 4byte) . ctid . , oid . 80 QGIS 1.7.0 90. 4.2.4. PostgreSQL .(PostgreSQL )PostgreSQL , . QGIS . SQL . QGIS SQL . SQL . , QGIS . .(int4 , )4.2.4. PostgreSQL 4. 81Shp2pgsql PostgreSQL .PostGIS PostGIS shapefiles shp2pgsql . ,gis_data PostgreSQL lakes.shpshapefile , :shp2pgsql -s 2964 lakes.shp lakes_new | psqlgis_dataQQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11112222 PostGIS pgsql2shp PostGIS - shapefile shp2pgsql . PostGIS . 91. 4.2. PostGIS Layers gis_data lakes_new . 2964 (SRID) . 8 .SPIT PluginQGIS SPIT (PostGISShapefile ). SPIT shapefiles . Plugin[] Plugin manager , SPIT plugin OK . Plugin SPIT .Shapefile , SPIT SPIT-Shapefile to PostGIS Import Tool . PostGIS Connect . . Add . OK . shapefile / .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11113333 PostSQL SHAPEFILESShapefile PostgreSQL . .( ) shapefile .82 QGIS 1.7.0 92. 4.2.5. ogr2ogrPostGIS shp2pgsq SPIT : ogr2ogr GDAL . PostGIS shapefile .ogr2ogr -f PostgreSQL PG:dbname=postgishost=myhost.de user=postgres password=topsecret alaska.shp alaska.shp shapefile PostGIS postgis .( myhost.de, topsecret, postgres)OGR PostGIS PostgreSQL . ogrinfo --formats | grep -i postPostgreSQL COPY- INSERT INTO - (4. 83 )export PG_USE_COPY=YESogr2ogr shp2pgsl . SQL CREATE INDEX . ( 4.2.5 )4.2.5. PostgreSQL 93. 4.2. PostGIS Layers . postgreSQL . PostGIS GiST( ) .GiST27) .CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename]USING GIST ( [geometryfield]GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS ); . , VACUUM ANALYZE . PostGIS [8]8) . GiST .gsherman@madison:~/current$ psql gis_dataWelcome to psql 8.3.0, the PostgreSQL interactiveterminal.Type: copyright for distribution termsh for help with SQL commands? for help with psql commandsg or terminate with semicolon to executequeryq to quitgis_data=# CREATE INDEX sidx_alaska_lakes ONalaska_lakesgis_data-# USING GIST (the_geomGIST_GEOMETRY_OPS);7) GiST http://postgis.refractions.net PostGIS .8) 387 84 QGIS 1.7.0 94. 4.2.6. 180 CREATE INDEXgis_data=# VACUUM ANALYZE alaska_lakes;VACUUMgis_data=# qgsherman@madison:~/current$4.2.6. 180 GIS () 180 . QGIS , . 4.4 (Chatham ) . 4.4. 180 PostGIS ST_Shift_Longitude9) . / , 0 360 . PostGIS SPIT PostGIS .(4.2.4 )9)http://postgis.refractions.net/documentation/manual-1.4/ST_Shi4. 85ft_Longitude.html 95. 4.3. SpatiaLite Layers 4.5. ST_Shift_Longtitude 180 PostGIS . ( TABLE PostGIS )gis_data=# update TABLE setthe_geom=ST_shift_longitude(the_geom); , , ( 4.5) .4.3. SpatiaLite LayersSpatiaLite ,Add SpatiaLite Layer Layer[] L Add SpatiaLite Layer[SpatiaLite ] .86 QGIS 1.7.0 96. QGIS SpatiaLite , . , New SpatiaLite , .sqlite .SpatiaLite , . Save as[ ] , , sqlite CRS[] , OGR SPATIALITR=YES . SpatiaLite OGR .http://www.gdal.org/ogr/drv_sqlite.html .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11114444 SpatiaLite SpatiaLite 'QGIS Contributed RepositoryPython Plugin . , Python Plugin QGIS SQL (QGIS ,ViewSpatial Tables, QGIS Queries) , SQL Query Builder .4. 87 SpatiaLite SpatiaLite , 4.5.5 .4.4. Layer Properties[] , , . PostgreSQL/PostgGIS , General[] 97. 4.4. Query Builder SQL . Layer Properties[] Properties[] .4.4.1. QGIS 1.4.0 . QGIS 1.7.0 . 4.4.4 . : ( ), ( ), ( ). . , . . . . Font marker: Simple marker: SVG marker: SVG 88 QGIS 1.7.0 98. 4.4.1. 4.6. Line decoration: , : Marker line: Simple line: ( , )4. 89 Centroid fill: SVG fill: SVG Simple fill: ( , , )Outline: Line decoration : , : 99. 4.4. Outline: Marker line : Area Outline: Simple line : Area , , Color ramps . .3 . Gradient Random: ColorBrewer: Style Manager Color ramp Add .(4.4.3 )Syles . . ( ) . QGIS .RenderersRenderer .Renderer 4 .(single symbol, categorized ( unique ), graduated and rule-based)Renderer Renderer , Renderer .90 QGIS 1.7.0 100. 4.4.2. Categorized Graduated Renderer . .4. 914.4.2. Style[] 4 Renderer : single symbol, categorized, graduated and rule-based. Renerer . . StyleManager Style Manager .(4.4.3 )Style Manager , .Single Symbol RendererSingle Symbol Renderer . Style[] . . . .Simbol Properties[] Change Color .Style[] . ( Save as style 101. 4.4. Advanced ). Symbol levels ( ). ( Save as style ), .Categorized RendererCategorized Renderer , . Style[] . (Column listbox ) (Symbol dialog ) (Color Ramp listbox ) Advanced . . 4.8 QGIS categoryrendering . New color ramp . ramp (Gradient, Random,ColorBrewer) . . 4.9 .92 QGIS 1.7.0 102. 4.4.2. (a) Sing symbol point properties(b) Sing symbol line properties(c) Sing symbol area properties 4.7.: Single Symbolizing options4. 93Graduated RendererGraduated Renderer . Categorized Renderer . the categorized , Style[] . (Column list box ) (Symbol Properties button ) (Color Ramp list ) 103. 4.4. 4.8. Categorized Symbolizing options (Mode list ) . . Equal Interval Quantile Natural Breaks (Jenks) Standard Deviation Pretty BreaksStyle[] , .94 QGIS 1.7.0 104. 4.4.2. 4.10 QGIS 4. 95 .Rule-based renderingRule-based rendering Rule-based . SQL . Query Builder . , . 4.11 QGIS Rule-based rendering . 4.9. 105. 4.4. Point displacement QGIS . . .Symbol Properties . . . ,Layer Properties Style[] Properties[] . , , . . Symbol Layer Type . (Point, Line, Polygon). SimpleMarker: , , , , OffsetX,Y SvgMarker: , , Offset X,Y, SVG Image LineDecoration: MarkerLine: Marker, Marker , Marker , Line offset SimpleLine: , , , Offset, Join style andCap style96 QGIS 1.7.0 106. 4.4.4. 4. 97 SimpleFill: , , , , 4.4.3. Style ManagerStyle Manager , . . Style Manager Setting[] Style Manager .4.4.4. : QGIS 1.7 , .(4.4.1 ) Layer Properties Style[] Old symbology . , Setting[]Option Rendering Use new generationsymbology for rendering [ ] .QGIS renderer . Single symbol Graduated symbol 107. 4.4. 4.10. Continuous color Unique value , Layer Properties . (Style Options) . (mapfeature) . renderer 98 QGIS 1.7.0 108. 4.4.4. 4. 99. Fill options Fill style . Fill style ? Texture | . *.jpeg, *.xpm, *.png .Fill color Outline options Outline style .no pen .Outline color Outline width , (*.qml). Save Style... , Load Style... . Save As Default . , Restore Default Style .Vector transparency( )QGIS .Style[] Transparency 10% .( 4.11 ) . 109. 4.4. 4.11. Ruled-based Symbology options4.4.5. (Labels Tab) QGIS 1.7.0 old/new labeling . Labels[] old labeling . new labeling old label . new labeling , 4.4.6 . Labels[] old labeling labeling , , , , . QGIS_example_dataset shapefile labeling :100 QGIS 1.7.0 110. 4.4.5. (Labels Tab)1. Shapefile(Alaska.shp) GML lakes.gml QGIS .2. .3. lakes .4. 1014. Layer Properties .5. Labels[] .6. Display labels [ ] .7. NAMES | .8. . QGIS NAMES .9. Multiline labels? [?] . QGIS label field , . n( . / n ). . ( )10. Apply . label . ? marker symbol .Font[] Font[] Color[] . . : 111. 4.4. 4.12. 1. Font[] 2. Placement[] . Right[] 3. 4. Apply , label marker . Position . X, Y offset() . X102 QGIS 1.7.0 112. 4.4.5. (Labels Tab)offset 5 label marker . marker symbol . label Buffer . Buffer . label :1. Buffer labels? [ ?] 4. 103 .2. .3. Color[] , .4. Apply . , Apply .1 (point) . map unit .Labels[] . Data defined label .Labels[] . 113. 4.4. (a) (b) (c) 4.13. 104 QGIS 1.7.0 114. 4.4.6. 4.14. Style Manager4. 1054.4.6. Labeling[] , . 4.4.5 QGIS labeling , (on-the-fly) . 1. QGIS , , . 115. 4.4. 2. QGIS Labeling[] .(a) (b) (c) (d) Unique Value 4.15. Label this layer [ ], . label placement, text style, labeling priority, scale-basedvisibility . ( 4.16).106 QGIS 1.7.0 116. 4.4.6. 4.16. Smart labeling4. 107 Label this layer [ ], . label placement, orientation, distance to feature, textstyle, labeling priority, scale-based visibility . (4.17). Label this layer [ ], . label placement, distance and text style, labelingpriority, scale-based visibility . ( 4.18). Engine settings label placement . Chain, Popmusic Tabu, 117. 4.4. Popmusic Chain, Popmusic Tabu Chain and FALP . candidate , , label (colliding label ) candidate . 4.17. Smart labeling 4.18. Smart labeling108 QGIS 1.7.0 118. 4.4.6. 4.19. 4. 109 . : left, center, right : bottom, base, half, top Colors can be specified in svg notation, : #ff0000 for bold, underlined, strikeout and italic: 0 = false 1 = true . : base right or bottomleft4.4.7. (Attribute Tab) Attribute[] / 119. 4.4. . Toggle Editing[ ] New Column[ ]Delete Column[ ] . PostGIS Column . GDALversion = 1.6 OGR Library column . GDAL/OGR trac patch ticket .(http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/2671) QGIS(GDAL/OGR SW) shapefile column 2 .QGIS 2 Table Manager .Edit widgetAttribute[] edit widget Column . Column attribute table column .Edit widget , widgets . widgets . Line Edit: ( ) Classification: Style[] unique value (Classification) . Range: . editwidget spin box . Unique values: 110 QGIS 1.7.0 120. 4.4.7. (Attribute Tab) . Autocompletion line edit combo box . File name: dialog . Value map: . (Value)attribute combo box . CSV . Enumeration: Columns Type combo box . POSTGRES . Immutable: The immutable attribute column . . Hidden: attribute column . . Checkbox: () . attribute column . Text edit: . Calendar: widget . Columntype .4. 111 121. 4.4. 4.20. 4.4.8. (General Tab)General[] . Display name spatial index (PostGIS OGR ) projection . Qt Creater IED http://qt.nokia.com/products/developer-tool Edit User Interface . Query Builder Subset . attribute table Advanced Search 112 QGIS 1.7.0 122. 4.4.10. (Action Tab)4. 113 .4.4.9. (Metadata Tab)Metadata[] , , , , .Extents extent Layer SpatialReference System CRS . .4.4.10. (Action Tab)QGIS action . argument action . Action . . . action Layer Properties .Action Layer Properties Action[] . Action Action . .Action % 123. 4.4. . %% identify results . ( Using Actions ). Double quote mark , command . Double quote . name substrings name (: col1and col10) name [ ] .(: [%col10]) %col10 name %col1 name . QGIS . [[%col10]] .Identify Result (Derived) . derived name (Derived) . x y %(Derived).Xand%(Derived).Y Action .Derived Identify Result Attribute Table . 2 . konquerorhttp://www.google.com/search?q=%nam konqueror http://www.google.com/search?q=%% Konqueror URL. . Action . ./opt/kde3/bin/konqueror114 QGIS 1.7.0 124. 4.4.10. (Action Tab)http://www.google.com/search?q=%nam actions konqueror . %%. Action %% . Action Identify Result Attribute Table ( Identify Features[ ] Open Attribute Table[ ] ).Action . Action action . Action . %% Action Identify Result Attribute Table . bash echo command( ) . , Taxon_name, lat long . (localities) record export . (QGIS ). Action .bash -c echo %taxon_name %lat %long /tmp/species_localities.txt4. 115 125. 4.4. Action output .Acacia mearnsii -34.0800000000 150.0800000000Acacia mearnsii -34.9000000000 150.1200000000Acacia mearnsii -35.2200000000 149.9300000000Acacia mearnsii -32.2700000000 150.4100000000 . URL . URL . QGIS URL http://google.com/search?q+qgis . .1. 2. Legend Properties Layer Properties .3. Action[] 4. Google Search Action .5. Action . Firefox . .6. URL . .http://google.com/search?q=7. Action Text .firefox http://google.com/search?q=8. lakes 116 QGIS 1.7.0 126. 4.4.10. (Action Tab) . Insert Field[ ] .9. NAMES | Insert Field[ ] .10. Action Text .firefox http://google.com/search?q=%NAMES11. Insert Action[ ] . Action . 4. 117 :firefox http://google.com/search?q=%NAMES Action . Layer Properties . lakes . Result action . 4.21. 127. 4.4. Action Firefox URLhttp://www.google.com/search?q=Tustumena . Action . Action + Insert Field[ ] . . Identify Result .Action . viewer Action . Action .4.4.11. (Joins Tab)Joins[] . join layer, join field target fieldkey column . QGIS OGR non spatial table formats, , PostgreSQL Providerjoin . ( 4.22). Add vector join[ ] .Cache join layer in virtual memory [ ]Create attribute index on the join field [ ]118 QGIS 1.7.0 128. 4.4.11. (Joins Tab) 4.22. 4.4.12. (Diagram Tab)Diagram[] Graphic 4. 119 .( 4.23). , . labeling . climate vector Barchart . 2 129. 4.4. 4.23. QGIS . (2.2 )1. Add Vector Layer[ ] .QGIS Alaska.shpclimate.shp .2. climate Layer Properties.3. Diagram[] Pie chart[ ] .4. 3 T_F_JAN, T_F_JULT_F_MEAN . T_F_JAN 120 QGIS 1.7.0 130. 4.4.12. (Diagram Tab) + . T_F_JUL T_F_MEAN .5. Linear scaling T_F_JUL .6. Find maximum value[ ] 10 Apply .7. . 4.24 .4. 1218. OK . 4.24. 131. 4.5. 4.5. QGIS OGR, PostGIS .: GRASS . 9.7 .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11115555 QGIS 1.7.0 tracking . .4.5.1. . . . .1. Setting[] Option[] ( : QGIS , :Edit Option[] ) Digitizing[] , 122 QGIS 1.7.0 132. 4.5.1. . . . / . ( ) feet . 1:10,000 300ft .2. Setting[] ( File[] )Snapping option[] .( 4.25) . . . . 4.25. 4. 123 . 133. 4.5. QGIS . , . QGIS . . Setting[] Option[] Digitizing[] .4.5.2. / , / . . Pan[] Zoom-in /Zoom-out . / , . / , . . Setting[]Option[] Map tools[] . . 124 QGIS 1.7.0 134. 4.5.3. , , , . . PgUp PgDn / .4. 125 Setting[] ( File[] )Snapping option[] . Enable topological editing [ ] AvoidInt [ ] . Enable topological editing [ ] . QGIS . Avoid Int []. .4.5.3. QGIS . . 135. 4.5. , ( ), .PostgreSQL/PostGIS . 4.5.4 , .View[] Toolbars[] / . . 4.2. / : : : Toggle Editing[ ] . . Toggle Editing[ ] . , .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11116666 Save Edits[ ] . . 126 QGIS 1.7.0 136. 4.5.3. Capture points[ ]Capture line[ ] Capture polygon[ ] QGIS . . . . 4.26. . . 4.26 rivers .Setting[] Option[] Digitizing[]4. 127 137. 4.5. .Reuse last entered attribute values[ ]Suppress attributes pop-up windows after each created feature[ .] Move Feature[ ] .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11117777 shapefile . Enter Attribute Value[ ] . Attribute Table[ ] . Shape-file PostgreSQL/PostGIS Node Tool[ ] CAD . , . , . QGIS , . . Setting[] Option[] Digitizing[]Search Radius[ ] 10 0 . .128 QGIS 1.7.0 138. 4.5.3. QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11118888 QGIS , , 3 . Setting[] Option[] Digitizing[] .4. 129 Node Tool[ ] . . . . . : , . . . Ctrl . Ctrl Shift . (, , .) : . , . : Delete . Node Tool[ ] . QGIS . 139. 4.5. Delete Selected[ ] : . , . . undo . . , . , , Toggle Editing[ ] , QGIS , , . . CSV , OGCWKT(Well-Known Text) . QGIS 1.7.x QGIS . ? / . ? 5,000 , . , / . .1. () 2. () .3. .4. .130 QGIS 1.7.0 140. 4.5.3. 5. Select[ ] QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 11119999 . . .4. 131.6. Copy Feature[ ] .7. .8. Paste Feature[ ] .9. . ?( ) QGIS . . () . Select[ ] . . Delete Selected[ ] . Cut Feature[ ] . . Paste Feature[ ] . , undo . , 141. 4.5. , . .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22220000 ESRI shape file , QGIS GDAL 1.3.2 . OS X QGIS GDAL 1.3.2 . QGIS . , .Save Edits[ ] , .Toggle Editing[ ] ( QGIS ) . ( ) QGIS . .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22221111 . QGIS , .4.5.4. Undo[] Redo[] . , / .( 4.27 ) 132 QGIS 1.7.0 142. 4.5.4. . / . / .Undo[] , . (: ) , . 4.27. Redo Undo / . , .4. 133 Simplify Feature[ ] . . 143. 4.5. 4.3. . OK . ( MultiPolygon[]) . Add Ring[ ] . , . , . Add Part[ ] ( ) . , . Delete Ring[ ] . . 134 QGIS 1.7.0 144. 4.5.4. . . .4. 135 Delete Part[ ] . , . , . , , , . . Reshape Feature[ ] . . . , . . . . . . . . . , .: reshape . 145. 4.5. , . Split Features[ ] . . Merge selected Features[ ] Merge attributes of selected Features[ ] . Rotate Point Symbols[ ] .Layer Properties Style[] , . . , . ( 4.28 ). .: Ctrl 15 .136 QGIS 1.7.0 146. 4.5.5. Shapefile SpatiaLite 4.28. 4.5.5. Shapefile SpatiaLite QGIS shapefile spatilite . GRASS GRASS . GRASS 9.6. . Shapefile Shape Layer[] New[] New Shapefile Layer[ Shapefile ] . 4.29 New Vector Layer[ ] . (, , ) .QGIS 2.5D (measure feature) . shapefile . 4. 137 147. 4.5. OGR PostgreSQL . shapefile , , Add[ ] . . id . Type Real[] | , Type Integer[] | , TypeString[]| . . OK shapefile . .shp . , 4.5.3 . SpatiaLiteLayer[] New[]New Spatialite Layer[ Spatialite ] spatialite . 4.30 New Spatialite Layer[ Spatialite ] . Spatialite spatialite . . . Create anautoincrementing primary key [ ] . spatialite , Add to attribute list[ ] . 138 QGIS 1.7.0 148. 4.5.6. 4.29. shapefile OK . , 4.5.3 .Spatialite OK Apply .4. 1394.5.6. . 149. 4.5. 4.30. SpatiaLite , . , , . , . Layer[] Open Attribute Table[ ] . , Open Attribute Table[ ] 140 QGIS 1.7.0 150. 4.5.6. 4.31. 4. 141. . ( 4.31) . . . . . Ctrl , Shift . . 151. 4.5. . , . . .( , ) Look for[ ] . () Search[] . . . 4.6 . Show selected only [ ] . Search selected only [ ] .Case sensitive [ ] . .Unselected all[ ] Ctrl+U Move selected to top[ ] Ctrl+T Invert selection[ ] Ctrl+S Copy selected rows to clipboard[ ]Ctrl+C Zoom map to the selected to rows[ ]Ctrl+J Toggle editing[ ] : Ctrl+E 142 QGIS 1.7.0 152. 4.5.6. QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22222222 PostGIS . QGIS . GDAL/OGR 1.6.0 .4. 143Delete Selected feature[ ] Ctrl+D New Column[ ] GDAL 1.6 PostGIS OGR : Ctrl+W Delete Column[ ] PostGIS : Ctrl+LOpen field calculator[ ] Ctrl+I OGR . Save selection as[ ] , (3.2.3 ) . OGR . QGIS . OGR , , PostgresSQL . , . . Open Attribute Table[ ] , . 153. 4.6. . 4.4.7 .4.6. Advanced search...[] Query Builder[ ] , SQL , shapefile . , population towns , SQL population 100000 10 . 4.32 PostgresSQL PostGIS . SQL .Fields[] . SQL . , , SQL where .Values[] . , , All[] . Sample , . SQL where .Operators[] . SQL where . (=, , ), (LIKE), (AND, OR, ) .144 QGIS 1.7.0 154. Test , . Clear SQL .Save Load SQL .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22223333 , SQL . Layer Properties[ ] General[] Query Builder SQL . 4.4 .OK . QGIS 4.6 . 4.6 . Select by Query[ ] . . ,Open Attribute Table[ ] . Advanced search...[] . 4.6 .4. 145 155. 4.6. 4.32. OGR , . Save selection as[ ] , (3.2.3 ) . OGR .4.7. Open field calculator[ ] ( ) . 146 QGIS 1.7.0 156. . PostGIS GDAL 1.6.0 OGR . ( 4.33 ) . , , , 4.33. . , (, , ), , . 10 3 6, 3 .Fields[] 4. 147 157. 4.7. . . , .Values[] . All[] . . .Operators[] . . (+,-,*, ), (sin, cos, tan, ), (,) , (||) . ! . QGIS_example_dataset railroads .1. railroad.shp QGIS Attribute Table .2. Toggle editing[ ] Open field calculator[ ] .3. Update existing field [ ] .4. length , real, 10 3 .5. length $length OK . , 148 QGIS 1.7.0 158. . 4. 149 159. 4.7. 4.4. String NULL Null sqrt(a) sin(a) a cos(a) a tan(a) a asin(a) a acos(a) a atan(a) a to int(a) a to real(a) a to string(a) a lower(a) a upper(a) a length(a) a atan2(y,x) y/x (arctan)replace(a, replacethis,withthat)a replacethis withthat substr(a,from,len)a from len ( 1)a || b a b $rownum $area $perimeter $length $id feature id$x x $y y a ^ b a b a * b a ba / b a ba + b a ba b a b+ a a- a a150 QGIS 1.7.0 160. 1515. . QGIS GDAL , Arc/Info BinaryGrid, Arc/Info ASCII Grid, GeoTIFF, Erdas Imagine . , GDAL 100 . http://www.gdal.org/foramts_list.html .: QGIS . , , OS GDAL . QGIS , . *.* .GRASS 9 .5.1. ?GIS , . (QGIS ). . 161. 5.2. QGIS , . X/Y . QGIS .QGIS ( GeoTiff) , world .5.2. QGIS Add Raster Layer[ ] Layer[]Add a Raster Layer[ ] .Open a GDAL Supported Raster Data Sources[GDAL ] Ctrl Shift . , . Zoom to layer extent[ ] Zoom to best scale (100%)[(100%) ] Show in overview[ ] Remove[] 152 QGIS 1.7.0 162. Set layer CRS[ ] Set project CRS from layer[ ] 5. 153Properties[]Rename[ ] Add Group[ ] Expand all[ ] Collapse all[ ] 5.3. , Properties[] . 5.1 Raster Layer Properties[ ] .Style[]Transparency[]Colormap[]General[]Metadata[]Pyramidsl[]Histogram[] 163. 5.3. 5.3.1. (Style Tab)QGIS . , 3 3 Red,Green, Blue Invert color map[ ] .Single band rendering[ ] . . ( ) . color map[ ] color map | Colormap[] . 5.3.3 .3 3 . RGB . QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22224444 (, Red ) , Green Blue NOT SET[ ] , . Red grayscale , Gray Red .154 QGIS 1.7.0 164. 5.3.2. (Transparency Tab) 5.1. 5.3.2. (Transparency Tab)QGIS . . . 3 . Add value display[ ] NODATA .Custom transpareny option[ ] 5. 155 165. 5.3. . . landcover.tif 20% . .1. landcover .2. , Properties[] Properties[] .3. Transparency[] .4. Add value manually[ ] .5. ( 0 ) 20% .6. Apply[] .4, 5 . , . Export to file[ ] .Import to file[ ] .5.3.3. (Colormap Tab)Colormap[] .(5.3.1 ) 3 . Discrete[]156 QGIS 1.7.0 166. 5. 157 Linear[] Exact[]Add Entry[] .Delete Entry[] .Sort[] . . Select color , . identify feature tool[ ] . Load colormap for Band[ ] ( ).Generate New Colormap[ ] . Number of classes[ ] 15 Classify[] . Classification mode[ ] Equal Interval[] | .5.3.4. (General Tab)General[] . 167. 5.3. , . scale-dependent visibility[ ] . (CRS) PROJ.4 .Specify[] .5.3.5. (Metadata Tap)Metadata[] . , . , . Histogram[] Refresh[] . 5.3.7 .5.3.6. (Pyramid Tab)QGIS . (, pyramids) , / QGIS . . . Average[] Nearest Neighbor[]158 QGIS 1.7.0 168. Build pyramids internally if possible [ ] QGIS . , . .5.3.7. (Histogram Tab)Histogram[] QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22225555 pseudocolor[] Apply . ,QGIS ..5. 159 .Histogram[] . .5.4. Raster[] Raster Calculator[ . GDAL .Raster bands[ ] . raster calculaterexpression[ ] . .Result layer[ ] 169. 5.4. . , X, Y , . , nearest neighbor[ ] .Operation section[] . . ( +,-,* ), (sin, cos, tan, ) . !Add result to project [ ] .5.5. , QGIS 1.7 GDALTools . 12.7 .160 QGIS 1.7.0 170. 5.2. 5. 161 171. 1636. OGC QGIS WMS WFS . WMS WFS WFS-T .6.1. OGC Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) 300 , , . OGC , GIS . ,GIS (Specification) . http://www.opengeospatial.org . OGC .WMS - Web Map ServiceWFS - Web Feature ServiceWCS - Web Coverage ServiceCAT - Web Catalog ServiceSFS - Simple Features for SQLGML - Geography Markup Language 172. 6.2. WMS OGC . QGIS SFS, WFS, WMS 3. SFS PostgreSQL/PostGIS (4.2) WFS, WMS .6.2. WMS 6.2.1. WMS QGIS WMS 1.1 1.1.1, 1.3 WMS . DEMIS JPL OnEarth .WMS (QGIS ) , , , WMS . WMS . QGIS JPEG PNG .WMS REST(Representational State Transfer) . QGIS URL ,QGIS . WMS , WMS . URL , , HTTP , WMS .164 QGIS 1.7.0 173. 6.2.2. WMS 6. OGC 1656.2.2. WMS WMS , . Add WMS layer[WMS ] Layer[]Add WMS Layer [WMS ] . Add Layer(s) from a Server[ ] , . Add default servers[ ] . NASA (JPL) WMS 3 WMS .New[ ] Layer[] WMS . 6.1 WMS . WMS , .Settings[] Option[] Network , Use proxy for web access [Web ] .Proxy type[ ] . WMFS QGIS . 174. 6.2. WMS 6.1. WMS Name . Server Connections WMS .URL URL. Ping .Username WMS . .Password WMS . .IgnoreGetMapURIIgnore GetMap URI reported in capabilities[GetCapabilites GetMap URI ]GetCapabilities GetMap URI URL .IgnoreGetFeatureInfo URIIgnore GetFeatureInfo URI reported incapabilities [GetCapabilities GetFeatureInfo URI ]GetCapabilities GetFeatureInfo URI URL .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22226666 WMS URLsWMS URL URL . URL request=GetCapabilities version=1.0.0 WMS .166 QGIS 1.7.0 175. 6.2.3. WMS Layer 6. OGC 1676.2.3. WMS Layer (WMS URL ) Connect[] . , , . , WMS . WMS , WMS . 6.1(NADA JPL OnEarth WMS ) . (Image Encoding)Image encoding[ ] . .(Options)Options[] WMS / . . WMS . Change... WMS .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22227777 WMS JPEG PNG .WMS JPEG . JPEG PNG 176. 6.2. WMS 5 . PNG .. 6.1. WMS (Layer Order)Layer Order[ ] WMS . . . . , WMS QGIS .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22228888 WMS WMS Layers 168 QGIS 1.7.0 177. 6.2.3. WMS Layer . Layer Order[ ] .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 22229999 WMS WMS .PNG GIF JPEG .6. OGC 169(Transparency) QGIS .(Coordinate Reference System)Coordinate Reference System (CRS) QGIS OGC. WMS WMS . Layer[] Coordinate Reference System (x available)[ (x )] x .Change... . 8.3 8.2 . WMS 8.2 WMS WMS .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33330000 WMS , WMS . WMS . (8.2 ) . WMS WMS WMS . 178. 6.2. WMS 6.2.4. (Server-Search)QGIS WMS .Add Layer(s) from a Server[ ] Search[] . ( 6.2 ) 6.2. WMS Search[] . 170 QGIS 1.7.0 179. 6.2.5. (Layer Order)Add selected row to WMS list[ WMS ] . Layer[] .QGIS WMS . Connect[] . . http://geopole.org API.6.2.5. (Layer Order)Layer Order[ ] . WMS . 6. OGC 171 .6.2.6. Tilesetshttp://labs.metacarta.com/wms-c/Basic.py WMS-C (Cached WMS) , Tilesets[] . , , . View[] Tile scale slider , . 180. 6.2. WMS 6.2.7. WMS , WMS Identify Features[ ] . WMS . , WMS . WMS , Properties[] . (Metadata Tab)Metadata[] WMS (GetCapabilities) . WMS [6]10), [7]11) , . Server PropertiesWMS Version[WMS ] WMS .Image Formats[ ] - MIME-type . QGIS image/pngimage/jpeg Qt Identity Formats[ ] - MIME-type. QGIS text-plain .10) 387 11) 387 172 QGIS 1.7.0 181. 6.3.1. WFS 6. OGC 173 Layer PropertiesSelected[] .Visible[] - Visible .Can Identify[ ] [Identify] .Can be Transparent[ ] , QGIS .Can Zoom In[ ] , QGIS WMS , .Cascade Count[ ] - WMS WMS .Fixed Width[ ], Fixed Height[ ] - . QGIS . WGS 84 Bounding Box[WGS 84 ] - WGS 84 Available in CRS[ ] WMS .Available in style[ ] WMS .6.2.8. WMS Client QGIS WMS 182. 6.3. WFS WFS-T . .WMS Add WMS layer[WMS ] WMS . WMS . WMS WMS . WMS . WMS 6.2.2 .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33331111 OGC (basic authentication) WMS , InteProxy . http://inteproxy.wald.intevation.org InteProxy .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33332222 QGIS WMS MAPSERVER 1.7.0 QGIS WMS 1.3.0 (Map Server) . 7 .6.3. WFS WFS-T 6.3.1. WFS QGIS, WFS . . QGIS 1.6 WFS-T() , .174 QGIS 1.7.0 183. 6.3.1. WFS WFS Plugin[]Manage Plugins[ ] WFSplugin[WFS ] OK .WMS Add WFS layer[WFS ] . . WFS WMS . .6. OGC 175WFS DM Solutions WFS .URL .http://www2.dmsolutions.ca/cgi-bin/mswfs_gmap1. WFS , Plugin[] Manage Plugins[ ] .2. Add WFS layer[WFS ] .3. New[ ] .4. Name[] DM Solutions .5. [URL]http://www2.dmsolutions.ca/cgi-bin/mswfs_gmap.6. OK . 184. 6.3. WFS WFS-T 7. Server Connections[] DM Solutions | .8. Connect[] .9. .10. Parks . 6.3. WFS 11. OK .12. ., WFS .Only request features overlapping the current view extent[ ] QGIS WFS . , , 176 QGIS 1.7.0 185. 6.3.1. WFS WFS , BBOX WFS . WFS . QGIS . , . MapServer WFS . . .WFS WFS 1.0.0 . WFS , . 13 .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33333333 WFS WFS (Google) . WFS URL .6. OGC 177 186. 1797. QGIS Server QGIS Server WMS 1.3 , . QGISServer C++ FastCGI/CGI(Common Gateway Interface) , (: Apache, Lighttpd) . EU , Sany, Uster .QGIS GIS QGIS . C++ Qt . WMS QGIS SLD/SE . QGIS Publish to Webp[ ] . QGIS QGIS . QGIS SLD .QGIS , GIS . , . SLD , , . QGIS . URL . 187. 7.1. Debian Squeeze http://karlinapp.ethz.ch/qgis_wms/ http://www.qgis.org/wiki/QGIS_mapserver_tutorial http://linfiniti.com/2010/08/qgis-mapserver-a-wms-server-for-the-masses/7.1. Debian Squeeze Debian Squeeze QGIC . OS QGIS . URL .QGIS QGIS-map Apache2 . Aptitude , apt get . QGIS . /etc/init.d/apache2 start Apache . http://localhost . Apache , It works! . QGIS ./usr/lib/cgibin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi qgis_mapserv.fcgi , WMS .6.2.2 WMS http://localhost/cgi-bin/qgis_mapserv.fcgi WMS .180 QGIS 1.7.0 188. 7.2. QGIS project WMS QGIS WMS QGIS . qgis_sample_dataset regions airport ., shp . QGIS , . 7.1. USA QGIS WMS Setting[] Project Properties[ ] WMS Server[WMS] Service Capabilities[ ], Coordinate System Restrictions[ ], AdvertisedExtend[ ] . Add WKT geometryto Feature into response[ WKT ] ( 7.27. QGIS Server 181 189. 7.2. QGIS project WMS ). alaska_airports.qgs . 7.2. QGIS WMS WMS /usr/lib/cgi-bin/project alaska_airports.qgs qgis_mapserv.fcgi . .WMS , 6.2.2 WMS URL http://loacalhost/cgi-bin/project/qgis_mapserv.fcgi WMS . ( 7.3 ).182 QGIS 1.7.0 190. 7.3. QGIS QGIS WMS 7. QGIS Server 183 191. 1858. QGIS , (Coordinate Reference System = ) . (OTF: On The Fly) . QGIS .8.1. QGIS 2700 . QGIS SQLite . . , . . 8.4 .QGIS EPSG(European Petroleum Group) IGNF(Institut Geographique National of France) , GDAL . EPSG QGIS .(OTF) , , , 192. 8.2. . PostGIS ID . OGR , QGIS . Shape , WKT(Well Known Text) . Shape .prj. , shape alaska.shp alaska.prj . , . Edit[] (Gnome, OSX)Setting[] (KDE, ) Project Properties[ ] General[] .8.2. QGIS (globaldefault projection) . EPSG:4326WGS84(proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84+no_defs) QGIS . , QGIS . Edit[] Options[](Gnome, OSX) Setting[] Options[] (KDE,) CRS[] . 8.1 .Prompt for CRS [ ]Project wide default CRS will be used [ ]186 QGIS 1.7.0 193. Global default CRS displayed below will be used [ 8. 187 ] , (5.3.4 ) (4.4.8 ) General[] . , 4.6 . 8.1. QGIS QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33334444 (3.2.3 ) . Set Layer CRS[ CRS ] . General[] Select[CRS ] . Set project CRS from Layer[ CRS CRS ] . 194. 8.3. (OTF) 8.3. (OTF) OGIS . , . , Project Properties[ ] Enable on the fly projection [ ] . .1. Edit[] (Gnome, OSX) Setting[] (KDE, ) Project Properties[ ] 2. CRS status[ ] 3. Option[] CRS[] Enableon the fly projection by default[ ] OTF , Project Properties[ ]CRS[] , , Enable on the flyprojection [ ] . CRS status[ ] , .Project Properties[ ] CRS[] 8.2 5 .188 QGIS 1.7.0 195. 8.2. Projection 1. Enable on the fly CRS transformation[ ] - / . , . , .2. - , , QGIS . . .3. Proj4text - Proj4 8. 189 196. 8.4. . .4. Search[] - EPSG , . Find[] . Hide deprecated CRSs[ ] .5. Recently used coordinate references systems[ ] GIS , . .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33335555 Project Properties Edit[] (Gnome, OSX) (KDE, )Project Properties[ ] , CRS[] .CRS status[ ] CRS[] .8.4. QGIS , . Edit[] (Gnome, OSX) Setting[] (KDE, ) Custom CRS[ ] . QGIS . , .190 QGIS 1.7.0 197. 8.3. Custom QGIS Proj.4 . , Cartographic Projection Procedures for theUNIX Environment - A User 's Manual (Gerald I. Evenden, USGeological Survey Open-File Report 90-284, 1990http://download.osgeo.org/proj/OF90-284.pdf )8. 191 198. 8.4. . proj.4 . proj.4 , QGIS .Custom Coordinate Reference System Definition[ ] .1. 2. PROJ.4 New . Save[] . +proj= . test[] Calculate[] . Parameters[] , WGS84 North East . Calculate[] .192 QGIS 1.7.0 199. 1939. GRASS GIS GRASS GRASS GIS . GRASS , , , ,300 GRASS 2/3GRASS . GRASS . 9.1 GRASS .Open mapset[MAPSET ]New mapset[ MAPSET]Close mapset[MAPSET ]Add GRASS vector layer[GRASS ]Add GRASS raster layer[GRASS ]Create new GRASS vector[ GRASS ]Edit GRASS vector layer[GRASS ]Open GRASS tools[GRASS ]Display current GRASS region[ GRASS ]Edit current GRASS region[ GRASS ] 200. 9.1. GRASS 9.1. GRASS GRASS , GRASS / QGIS GRASS . Plugins[]Manage Plugins[] , GRASS , OK . GRASS LOCATION(9.2 ) . GRASS LOCATION(9.3.1 ) (9.4 ) GRASS (9.9 ) .9.2. GRASS GRASS . QGIS (2.2 ) . GRASS LOCATION .1. Grassdata http://download.osgeo.org/qgis/data/ QGIS qgis_sample_data. zip .2. QGIS .3. GRASS Plugins[]Manage Plugins[] GRASS 194 QGIS 1.7.0 201. GRASS . GRASS .4. GRASS Open mapset[MAPSET ] 9. GRASS GIS 195.5. Gisdbase grassdata .6. LOCATION alaska MAPSET demo .7. OK . GRASS .8. Add GRASS raster layer[GRASS ] , gtopo30 [OK] . .9. Add GRASS vector layer[GRASS ] , alaska OK . gtopo30 . 4.4 , .10. rivers airports . GRASS . GRASS LOCATION .http://grass.osgeo.org/download/data.php GRASS LOCATION .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33336666 GRASS QGIS , GRASS .(9.1) 202. 9.3. GRASS LOCATION MAPSET9.3. GRASS LOCATION MAPSETGRASS GISDBASE . grassdata , QGIS GRASS . GRASSGIS , LOCATION . LOCATION , , . LOCATION , (NetelerMitasova 2008[4]12)) MAPSET (LOCATION ) . GRASS GRASS LOCATION .13)9.3.1. GRASS LOCATION Albers Equal Area GRASSLOCATION alaska QGIS . GRASS GIS GRASS LOCATION alaska . . (2.2).1. QGIS GRASS .12) 387 13) . r. external v. external GRASS GDAL/OGR . GRASS 196 QGIS 1.7.0 203. 9.3.1. GRASS LOCAITION 9. 1 alaska LOCATION GRASS 2. QGIS (2.2) alaska.shp Shape9. GRASS GIS 197 (4.1.1 ) .3. GRASS New mapset[ MAPSET] MAPSET 4. GRASS (GISDBASE) grassdata LOCATION . Next .5. LOCATION(9.3.2 ) MAPSET LOCATION . Create new location [ ] ( 9.2 ).6. LOCATION . alaska Next .7. Projection[] .(NetelerMitasova 2008[4]) 204. 9.3. GRASS LOCATION MAPSET8. Alaska Albers Equal Area () . EPSG ID 2964 .(: LOCATION EPSG ID , CRS status[ ] (8.3 )9. Find[] Albers Equal Area () .10. Next .11. , , , LOCATION . Set Current QGIS Extent[ QGIS ] alaska.shp GRASS .12. Next .13. LOCATION MAPSET . . demo .14)14. Finish .15. LOCATION alaska demo PERMANENT MAPSET . MAPSET demo. LOCATION 14) LOCATION , GRASS PERMANENT MAPSET (Neteler Mitasova 2008).198 QGIS 1.7.0 205. 9.3.2. MAPSET . alaska LOCATION (9.4 ). QGIS alaska (2.2) GRASS LOCATION alaska 9.5 . 9. 2.: QGIS GRASS LOCATION MAPSET 9.3.2. MAPSET GRASS MAPSET . MAPSET , MAPSET . MAPSET WIND . WIND MAPSET .(NetelerMitasova 20089. GRASS GIS 199 206. 9.4. GRASS LOCATION [4]15), 9.8 ).1. QGIS GRASS .2. GRASS New mapset[ MAPSET] MAPSET .3. GRASS (GISDBASE) grassdata alaska LOCATION . MAPSETtest .4. Next .5. LOCATION MAPSET , LOCATION . [ Select location] ( 9.2) Next .6. MAPSET test . MAPSET .7. Next , Finish .9.4. GRASS LOCATION QGIS alaska GRASS LOCATIONalaska . QGIS alaska landcover.img lakes. gml GML (2.2).1. QGIS GRASS .2. GRASS Open mapset[MAPSET ] 15) 387 200 QGIS 1.7.0 207. 9. GRASS GIS 201 MAPSET .3. GRASS grassdata, LOCATIONalaska, MAPSET demo OK .4. Open GRASS tools[GRASS ] . GRASS (9.9 ) .5. landcover.img Module Tree[ ]r.in.gdal . GRASS GDAL GRASS LOCATION .r. in. gdal .6. QGIS alaska raster landcover. img .7. landcover_grass Run[] . Output[] GRASS r. in.gdal -o input=/path/to/landcover. img output=landcover_grass .8. Succesfully finished[ ] View output[ ] . landcover_grass GRASS QGIS .9. GML lakes.gml Module Tree[ ] v.in.ogr . GRASS OGR GRASS LOCATION . v.in.ogr .10. QGIS alaska gml lakes.gml .11. lakes_grass Run[] . . Output[] GRASS v. in. ogr -o 208. 9.5. GRASS dsn=/path/to/lakes. gml output=lakes_grass .12. Succesfully finished View output[ ] . lakes_grass GRASS QGIS .9.5. GRASS GRASS . GRASS . , . , . . ( ) . . , '' . GRASS , . .16)GRASS '' . , , , . , . . , , . '' GRASS '' 16) GRASS . .202 QGIS 1.7.0 209. . , . , GRASS .GRASS GRASS LOCATION DBase SQLITE3 , PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle . '(Category)' . ''(Key, ID) , .9.6. GRASS GRASS GRASS Create new GRASS vector[ GRASS ] . 9.7 , , .GRASS (, ,) . GRASS . GRASS . Shapefiles Simple Feature (4.5.5 ) , .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33338888 GRASS , . ( 9.7 ).9. GRASS GIS 203 210. 9.7. GRASS 9.7. GRASS Edit GRASS vector layer[GRASS ] GRASS . , GRASS , . 9.4 GRASS . .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 33339999 GRASS GRASS () , No category[ ] . Next not used[ ] (label) . . 9.3 GRASS GRASS . 9. 1 . 9.3. GRASS ( ) ( )204 QGIS 1.7.0 211. 9. GRASS GIS 205 ( label ) (vertex) ( ) , , , , ( ) ( : .) ( ) 9.4. GRASS 212. 9.7. GRASS Category[] . Mode[]: Next not used[ ] - , Manual entry[ ] - 'Category' No category[ ] - . , Category[]: (id) . . Field(layer)[]: GRASS . 1. Setting[] (snapping) . . (dangles) . 10 . Symbology[] , (: / ) .206 QGIS 1.7.0 213. 9.9.1. GRASS 9.5. GRASS QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 44440000 QGIS GRASS '()' . .9. GRASS GIS 207 Table[] '' . GRASS . (9.6 )9.8. GRASS GRASS ( ) . . 214. 9.8. GRASS 9.6. GRASS 9.7. GRASS , GRASS . GRASS $LOCATION/$MAPSET/WIND , , , , , 208 QGIS 1.7.0 215. 9. GRASS GIS 209 .Display current GRASS region[ GRASS ] QGIS GRASS .Edit current GRASS region[ GRASS ] QGIS GRASS . OK . QGIS . QGIS OK .GRASS g. region . 9.9 GRASS .9.9. GRASS Open GRASS tools[GRASS ] GRASSLOCATION MAPSET .GRASS (MAPSET ) LOCATIONMAPSET . GRASS , LOCATIONMAPSET .GRASS GRASS GRASS (330 ) . , 216. 9.8. GRASS 200 GRASS .9.9.1. GRASS QGIS GRASS GRASS :http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS-QGIS_relevant_module_list9.9.2. GRASS GRASS GRASS GRASS (330 ) . , 200 GRASS . .QGIS 1.7.0 GRASS GRASS (http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/GRASS-QGIS_relevant_module_list) . GRASS . 9.9.5 .9. 8 , GRASS Module Tree[ ] Module Tree[ ] . Option[] , Output[] ,Manual[] 210 QGIS 1.7.0 217. 9.9.2. GRASS . 9.9 GRASS v. buffer .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 44441111 GRASS GRASS GRASS MAPSET . , MAPSET .(a) (b) 9. GRASS GIS 211Option[] QGIS . . , GRASS .QGIS 1.7.0 Option[] show advanced options[ ] . , . 9.8. GRASS 218. 9.9. GRASS Output[] .Run Output[] , . , .Manual[] GRASS HTML . . , . . g. manual .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 44442222 , ' (View Output)' 212 QGIS 1.7.0 219. 9.9.3. GRASS (a) (b) 9. GRASS GIS 213(c) 9.9. GRASS 9.9.3. GRASS GRASS . 220. 9.9. GRASS (DEM) . 9.4 Alaska LOCATION . Open mapset[MAPSET ] LOCATION Alaska . Add GRASS raster layer[GRASS ] demo gtopo30 . Open GRASS tools[GRASS ] . Raster[] Surface Management[ ] Generate vector contour lines[ ] . r. contour 9.9.2 . Name of input raster mapgtopo 30 . Increment between Contour levels 100 . ( 100 .) Name for output vector map ctour_100 . Run[] . . View Output[] Close[] .214 QGIS 1.7.0 221. 9.9.3. GRASS 9. GRASS GIS 215(a) r. contour (b) r. contour 9.10. GRASS r.contour . , 4.4 . . . GRASS v.generalize . . (: Douglas Peuker and Vertexreduction) . . , , . 222. 9.9. GRASS QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 44443333 QGIS fTools GRASS v. generalize Douglas-Peuker , Simplify geometries[] ., . r. contour . v. generalize Chaikens ( Hermite splines) . , . GRASS Vector[] Develop map[] Generalization[ ] v. generalize . Name for input vector map ctour_100 . Chaikens . Name for output vectormap ctour_100_smooth Run[] . . View Output[] Close[] . . .216 QGIS 1.7.0 223. 9.9.3. GRASS 9.11. GRASS v,generalize QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 44444444 r. contour . , ( ) .9. GRASS GIS 217Hillshade 3D 3 . . 3 hillshading . hillshade , . . () . 224. 9.9. GRASS gtopo30 . GRASS Raster[] Shape analysis[] Terrain analysis[ ] . r.shade.relief . azimuth angle 270 315 . OutputShaded relief map name gtopo30_shade Run[] . , hillshade . . Hill shading gtopo30 hillshade gtopo30 , gtopo30 Properties[] Transparency[] 25% . hillshade gtopo30 . gtopo30_shade hillshading .GRASS QGIS GRASS , GRASS . , , . GRASS ( ) GRASS , . r. shaded. relief .218 QGIS 1.7.0 225. 9.9.3. GRASS 9.12. GRASS , r, shaded.relief r. shaded.relief X-Y hillshade zmult . gtopo30 GRASS GRASS . Enter :r.shaded.relief map=gtopo30shade=gtopo30_shade2 azimuth=315 zmult=3 Browse[] 9. GRASS GIS 219 226. 9.9. GRASS gtopo30_shade2 QGIS . gtopo30_shade2 . , gtopo30_shade2 gtopo30 ,gtopo30 . 3D . . , GRASS shapefiles trees shapefile . (9.4 ) : GRASS trees (centroids) . Vector[] Develop map[ ]Manage fetures[ ] v. centroids . output vector map forest_areas . forest_areas , , . Properties[] Symbology , Legend TypeUnique value | . Classification fieldVEGDESC . (4. 4. 1 ) , GRASS Vector[] Vector220 QGIS 1.7.0 227. 9.9.3. GRASS 9.13. r. shaded. relief GRASS update by other map[ ] . v. rast. stats , gtopo30 forest_areas . : columnprefix elev Run[] . ( 2 ) . forest_areas , . elev_min, elev_max,elev_mean .9. GRASS GIS 221 228. 9.9. GRASS 9.9.4. GRASS LOCATION GRASS GRASS LOCATION . 9. 14 , LOCATION MAPSET .Browser[] LOCATION MAPSET . , , , . 9.14. GRASS LOCATION 222 QGIS 1.7.0 229. 9.9.5. GRASS Browser[] LOCATION . .9. GRASS GIS 223 MAPSET . MAPSET .9.9.5. GRASS GRASS GRASS . XML . v. buffer (v. buffer. qgm) XML .?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?!DOCTYPE qgisgrassmodule SYSTEMhttp://mrcc.com/qgisgrassmodule.dtdqgisgrassmodule label=Vector buffer module=v.bufferoption key=input typeoption=typelayeroption=layer/option key=buffer/option key=output//qgisgrassmodule 230. 9.9. GRASS , XML . QGIS .http://wiki.qgis.org/qgiswiki/Adding_New_Tools_to_the_GRASS_Toolbox224 QGIS 1.7.0 231. 10.1. 22510. . QGIS , , , , , , . , , , . , , , PDF, SVG17) . . 10.1 . PDF SVG QGIS 17) SVG QT4 . . 232. 10.1. , . .10.1. QGIS , . , New Print Composer[ ] File[] New Print Composer[ ] .226 QGIS 1.7.0 233. 10. 22710.2. 10.1. , QGIS , , , , , , . 10.1 Snap to grid [ ] . 3 . General[] , , (dpi) , . Snap to grid [ ] 0 . Print as raster [ 234. 10.3. QGIS ] , . Item[] .Select/Move item[ /] (, , ) Item[] , . Command history[ ] . . , , , . , . , Delete Backspace .10.3. QGIS Add new map from QGIS map canvas[ ] , QGIS . Item[] 3 : Rectangle[] | , .228 QGIS 1.7.0 235. Cache[] | . , /. Render[] | . . .Select/Move item[ /] , . Item[] , . Move item content[ ] . . .Item[] Lock layers for map item[ ] .: QGIS 1.7.0 (newlabeling plugin) , . .10. 229 236. 10.3. QGIS 10.3.1. - (a) (b) 10.2. Map[] ( 10.2a ): Preview[] -Rectangle[], Cache[], Render[]- . Update preview[ ] . Map[] . 0 | . ) 0 . Lock layers for map items[ ] Draw map canvas items [ ] .230 QGIS 1.7.0 237. 10.3.1. , , , , QGIS Update preview[ ] .10. 231 ( 10.2b ): Mapextent X Y Set to map canvas extent[ ] .QGIS , , , , Item[] Update preview[ ] ( 10.2a )10.3.2. - (10.3). Show grid[ ?] . . X Y , XY, . Draw annotation[ ] . . , , 238. 10.4. . , , . (10.3b): , . Position[ ] Set items position[ ] , . Show frame[ ] .10.4. QGIS , , , , , .10.4.1. - Add label[ ] , . .232 QGIS 1.7.0 239. 10.4.1. 10. 233(a) (b) 10.3. - ( 10.4a ): . , , mm . 240. 10.4. ( 10.4b ): , . Position[ ] Set items position[ ] , . Show frame[ ] .(a) (b) 10.4. 234 QGIS 1.7.0 241. 10.4.2. 10.4.2. - 10. 235Add image[ ] . . ( 10.5a): Search directories[ ] SVG . Preview[] . Options[] , , . SVG . Sync from map [ ] , QGIS ( ) . ( 10.5b) , . Position[ ] Set items position[ ] , . Show frame[ ] 242. 10.4. .(a) 236 QGIS 1.7.0 (b) 10.5. 243. 10.4.3. 10.4.3. - , 10. 237 (a) (b) (c) 10.6. , 244. 10.4. Add new legend[ ] . . / . ( 10.6a) . , , . , , . ( 10.6b) . , , . QGIS Update . Up Down . ( 10.6c) 238 QGIS 1.7.0 245. 10.4.4. . Position[ ] Set items position[ ] , . Show frame[ ] .10.4.4. - 10. 239Add new scalebar[ ] . . / . ( 10.7a): , . . . , // , . , , , . , . 246. 10.4. (a) 240 QGIS 1.7.0 (b) 10.7. .( 10.7b) .Position[ ] Set items position[ ] , . Show frame[ ] . 247. 10. 24110.5. 4 .Zoom in[]Zoom out[]Zoom to full extend[]Refresh the view[ ] , ..10.6. . .Revert last changes[ ]Restore last changes[ ] Command history[ ] . ( 10.8 ). 248. 10.5 10.8. 10.7. (b) 242 QGIS 1.7.0 (a) 10.9.: 249. (, , ) 10. 243 . Shape , , . , , , . Arrow . , , , , , SVG . SVG SVG .10.8. (a) (b) 10.10.: . 250. 10.8. ( 10.10a ): , . . . . ( 10.10b ): , . Position[ ] Set items position[ ] , . Show frame[ ] .10.9. , , Raise selected items[ ] . 244 QGIS 1.7.0 251. 10. 245 . ( 10.1 ).Align selected items[ ] ( 10.1 ). . .10.10. 10.11 . , () :Print[] .Export as Image[ ] PNG,BPM, TIF, JPG .Export as PDF[PDF ]] canvas PDF .Export as SVG[SVG ] SVG(Scalable Vector Graphic) . : SVG . QGIS , QT . . 252. 10.10. 10.11. Save as template[ ] *.qpt ,Load from template[ ] . 10.11. , , , Composer Manager[ ] File[] Composer Manager[ ] .246 QGIS 1.7.0 253. 10. 247 10.12. 254. 24911. QGIS (QGIS Plugins)QGIS (plugin architecture) . . QGIS . (Core Plugins) QGIS ,QGIS . C++Python . 12 . (External Plugins) Python . . Python PluginInstaller QGIS . 11.1.2 .11.1. Python Plugin Manager . PythonPlugin Installer , . PluginManager . 255. 11.1. 11.1.1. QGIS QGIS Plugins[]Manage Plugins[] . 11.1. Plugin ManagerPlugin Manager[QGIS ] ( ) . Python Plugin Installer (11.1.3 ). . 11.1 Plugin Manager[QGIS ] . OK . , QGIS 250 QGIS 1.7.0 256. 11.1.2. QGIS QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 44445555 QGIS , . , ( 3.7 ) . false . Delimited text plugin Linux $HOME /.config/QuantumGIS/qgis.conf , Add Delimited Text Layer = false . [Plugins] . QGIS Plugin Manager 1 .11. QGIS (QGIS Plugin) 251 .11.1.2. QGIS QGIS Python . QGIS QGIS . Fetch Python Plugins[Python ] Python Plugin Installer . , QGIS , , , .18)19) (QGIS 1.7 ) 13 , 120 . ( Open Street Map 18) (external overlays) .19) fTools, Mapserver Export, Plugin Installer Python . QGIS , QGIS PluginManager (11.1.2 ). 257. 11.1. , Google Map layers ) , ( ) . . (named repository) , ( ) (11.2 ). QGIS : Python Plugin Installer (11.1.3 ). Plugin Manager[ ] .QQQQGGGGIIIISSSS TTTTiiiipppp 44446666 (ADD MORE REPOSITORIES) Plugins[] Fetch Python Plugins[Python ] PluginInstaller , Repositories[] Add 3rd party repositories[ ] . Edit[] disabled[] Delete[] .11.1.3. QGIS Python Plugin Installer Python Plugins[]Fetch Python Plugins[Python ] . 252 QGIS 1.7.0 258. 11.1.3. QGIS Python Plugin Installer Plugins[]Manage Plugins[] 11.2. Python Plugin Manager[ ] PluginInstaller . 11.2 PluginInstaller . Plugins[] Python Python . . (not installed) - .Install Plugin[ /] . (new) - . (installed) - . Downgrade Plugin[ ] 11. QGIS (QGIS Plugin) 253 259. 11.1. . (upgradeable) - . Upgrade Plugin[ ] ,Upgrade all[ ] . (invalid) - . . (Plugins tab) Install Plugin[ ] . . OS . Linux unix :. /share/qgis/python/plugins/home/$USERNAME/.qgis/python/plugins Mac OS X :./Contents/MacOS/share/qgis/python/plugins/Users/$USERNAME/.qgis/python/plugins Windows :C:Program FilesQGISpythonpluginsC:DocumentsandSettings$USERNAME.qgispythonplugins . . Python (missing) . . 254 QGIS 1.7.0 260. 11.1.3. QGIS Python Plugin Installer OS .Linux 11. QGIS (QGIS Plugin) 255 .Windows . Gnome,