quy hoạch mạng 3g

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH

V Trung Thng

QUY HOCH MNG 3G

KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY

Ngnh: H Thng Vin Thng

H NI - 2010

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH

V Trung Thng

QUY HOCH MNG 3G

KHO LUN TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY

Ngnh: H Thng Vin Thng Cn b hng dn: Ths. inh Th Thi Mai

H NI - 2010

QUY HOCH MNG 3G 2010

http://www.ebook.edu.vn 1

Mc lc

Mc lc 1 Danh mc hnh v .................................................................................................... 4 Danh mc bng biu ................................................................................................. 6 Bng thut ng vit tt ............................................................................................. 7 LI M U .......................................................................................................... 9 Chng 1. Tng quan v quy hoch mng .......................................................... 11

1.1 Qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn ................................................................ 12 1.1.1 Dung lng ............................................................................................... 13 1.1.2 Vng ph sng ......................................................................................... 14 1.1.3 Quy hoch cht lng dch v ................................................................. 15

1.2 Th tc trin khai quy hoch v ti a dung lng cng nh vng ph sng. 15

1.2.1 Chun b ................................................................................................... 15 1.2.2 S lng ngi dng ................................................................................ 16 1.2.3 Qun l quy hoch mng .......................................................................... 16

1.3 Pht trin k hoch thit k mng .................................................................... 16 1.3.1 Phn tch lu lng .................................................................................. 17 1.3.2 Mt lu lng ...................................................................................... 17 1.3.3 Mc s dng mu v cung cp dch v .............................................. 19

1.4 c tnh vng ph sng di ng ..................................................................... 20 1.4.1 Qu ng truyn .................................................................................... 20 1.4.2 li chuyn giao mm .......................................................................... 20 1.4.3 Vng ph b gii hn ................................................................................ 20 1.4.4 Dung lng b gii hn ............................................................................ 21 1.4.5 H s ti .................................................................................................... 21

1.5 M hnh c tnh t bo ................................................................................... 21 1.5.1 Din tch ph sng ................................................................................... 22 1.5.2 Din tch ph sng v xc sut mt tn hiu ............................................ 22 1.5.3 Xc sut vng ph ca ra cell ................................................................. 23

1.6 Phn tch thit k quy hoch ............................................................................ 24 1.7 Ti u ha ........................................................................................................ 25

Chng 2. Quy hoch vng ph sng, dung lng v cht lng dch v ......... 26 2.1 Quy hoch vng ph sng ............................................................................... 26

2.1.1 nh hng ca qu ng truyn ln vng ph sng ............................. 26 2.1.2 Qu ng truyn xung ......................................................................... 27 2.1.3 M hnh truyn ......................................................................................... 29



2.1.4 Vng ph sng so vi dung lng trong mi quan h vi qu ng truyn ................................................................................................................. 38 2.1.5 Phn tp pht ............................................................................................ 39 2.1.6 Tnh ton tham s di ............................................................................... 42 2.1.7 Ti v nh kch c cell ............................................................................ 45 2.1.8 Cc nh hng i vi vng ph ca cell do nhng thay i tham s ... 45 2.1.9 Vng ph sng chun cho 3G .................................................................. 46 2.1.10 Vng ph sng vi tc bit khc nhau .............................................. 47 2.1.11 Overhead cho cc tc bit khc nhau ................................................ 48 2.1.12 Ci tin vng ph sng ......................................................................... 49 2.1.13 Ci tin vng ph sng ......................................................................... 49

2.2 Quy hoch v dung lng ................................................................................ 50 2.2.1 Lu lng truyn ...................................................................................... 51 2.2.2 H s ti ng ln .................................................................................. 51 2.2.3 nh hng ca tp m ............................................................................. 52 2.2.4 H s ti ng xung ............................................................................. 53 2.2.5 Chuyn giao mm .................................................................................... 54 2.2.6 Dung lng ng ln ng xung .................................................... 55 2.2.7 Dung lng ng xung ........................................................................ 56

2.3 Ci tin dung lng ...................................................................................... 57 2.3.1 B sung tn s .......................................................................................... 57 2.3.2 Sect ha .................................................................................................. 58 2.3.3 Phn tp pht ............................................................................................ 58 2.3.4 M ha tc bit thp .............................................................................. 58

2.4 Quy hoch cht lng dch v ......................................................................... 59 2.4.1 Cht lng dch v ................................................................................... 59 2.4.2 Kh nng dch v ..................................................................................... 60 2.4.3 Cht lng dch v lp lu lng ............................................................ 61

Chng 3. Ti u ha mng ................................................................................ 66 3.1 Quy hoch gi nh v la chn v tr ............................................................. 66

3.1.1 Quy hoch gi nh .................................................................................. 66 3.2 Tnh ton lu lng ......................................................................................... 74

3.2.1 Tnh ton lu lng .................................................................................. 74 3.2.2 nh gi lu lng ................................................................................... 74

3.3 Cu hnh v ti u ha ng ten ........................................................................ 74 3.3.1 C bn v v tr v cu hnh ngten .......................................................... 74 3.3.2 C bn v ti u ha v cu hnh ng ten ................................................ 75 3.3.3 3G-h thng di ng ton cu .................................................................. 75 3.3.4 ng ten v cc cu hnh v tr ................................................................... 79 3.3.5 Ti u v tr .............................................................................................. 81 3.3.6 nghing ca ngten ............................................................................. 84 3.3.7 Lp t ng ten ......................................................................................... 85



Chng 4. M phng tnh ton ............................................................................ 88 4.1 Thit k vo ti u mng ................................................................................. 88

4.1.1 Cc thng s khi tnh ton thit k h thng W-CDMA: ......................... 88 4.1.2 iu kin ti u tng th (tnh ton thit k s b): ................................ 90

4.2 Lu thut ton v kt qu m phng .......................................................... 95 4.2.1 Chng trnh tnh ton ............................................................................. 97

Kt lun v hng pht trin ti ...................................................................... 103 Ti liu tham kho ................................................................................................ 105



Danh mc hnh v

Hnh 1: Quy trnh bt buc trong quy hoch v trin khai mng li ............. 12

Hnh 2 : M hnh c tnh cell ......................................................................... 22

Hnh 3 : c tnh ti a vng ph sng cell - yu t ti ................................. 23

Hnh 4: ng cong lin quan n cc phn nh ca tng din tch .............. 23

Hnh 5: Qu ng truyn (a:ng ln) v (b: ng xung). .................... 28

Hnh 6: Suy hao ng truyn v phm vi ca cell ......................................... 37

Hnh 7: Vng ph sng so vi dung lng (suy hao ng truyn ti a vi ti) .............................................................................................................................. 38

Hnh 8: Phn tp ng xung ......................................................................... 40

Hnh 9: Vng ph sng v i li vng ph sng vi phn tp pht ............... 42

Hnh 10:Vng ph vi cc tc d liu ........................................................ 46

Hnh 11: Knh iu khin mc cng sut cho tc d liu khc nhau ......... 48

Hnh 12: Overhead vi cc tc bit khc nhau ............................................ 49

Hnh 13: M hnh cell ATM .......................................................................... 51

Hnh 14: Tng tp m ng ln ...................................................................... 53

Hnh 15: V d v QoS ..................................................................................... 60

Hnh 16: li ng xung vi phn tp TX ............................................... 77

Hnh 17: Phn tp 4 nhnh ............................................................................... 78

Hnh 18: OTOR a: Dng chun, b: ng ten phn tp phn cc ................. 80

Hnh 19: li vng ph ng ln vi phn tp RX .................................... 81

Hnh 20: Yu cu c lp ................................................................................... 83



Hnh 21: ngten nghing 1: a) th lan truyn RF v B) 0 c kh v 0 in ............................................................................................................................ 85

Hnh 22: ng ten nghing 2: a) th lan truyn RF v B) 6 c kh v 6 in ................................................................................................................................... 86

Hnh 23: M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami. .............................................................. 90

Hnh 24: Lu thut ton m phng ........................................................... 95

Hnh 25: S thut ton ti u s cell gia dung lng v vng ph .......... 96

Hnh 26: Giao din chnh ca chng trnh m phng .................................... 97

Hnh 27: Suy hao ng truyn ....................................................................... 98

Hnh 28: M hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho thnh ph ln .......................... 99

Hnh 29: M hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho thnh ph nh ......................... 99

Hnh 30: M hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho nng thn .............................. 100

Hnh 31: M hnh truyn Walfishch-Ilegami cho thnh ph ln ................... 101

Hnh 32: M hnh Walfishch-Ilegami cho thnh ph nh v trung bnh ........ 101

Hnh 33: Tnh ton s trm BTS ti H Ni .................................................. 102



Danh mc bng biu

Bng 1: Cc dch v c bn ............................................................................... 19

Bng 2: M hnh truyn .................................................................................... 29

Bng 3: So snh tn hao ng truyn t m hnh Hata v Walfisch-Ikegami34

Bng 4: Cc thng s qu ng truyn ........................................................... 35

Bng 5: Qu ng truyn ng vi tc -12.2kbps ........................................ 36

Bng 6: Gi thuyt trm gc ............................................................................. 37

Bng 7: Phn tp ng ln v ng xung ................................................... 40

Bng 8: Cc thng s di ................................................................................... 42

Bng 9:Thng s c th ..................................................................................... 44

Bng 10: Vng ph sng chun trong UMTS ................................................... 46

Bng 11: Phm vi ph sng vi tc khc nhau ........................................... 47

Bng 12 : Nhng tham s tnh ton h s ti ng ln ................................... 52

Bng 13: Bng danh sch cc tham s .............................................................. 54

Bng 14: Dung lng ng ln ....................................................................... 55

Bng 15: Tnh ton thng lng c gi thit ................................................ 56

Bng 16: Lu lng d liu /sector/ sng mang trong cc mi trng. ........... 57

Bng 17: Kh nng QoS .................................................................................... 61

Bng 18: Phm vi ph sng vi cc mc dch v ............................................. 67



Bng thut ng vit tt

1 Ch vit tt T ting anh Ting vit

2 ACI adjacent channel nterference nhiu knh ln cn 3 AMR adaptive multi-rate a tc tng thch

4 ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Giao thc truyn khng ng b

5 BCH broadcast channel Knh qung b 6 BER Bit Error Ratio xc sut li bit

7 CCQ Coverage, capacity, and quality (of service)

Vng ph, dung lng v cht lng dch v

8 CCTTT

Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone

y ban T vn in thoi - in tn quc t

9 CE channel element Phn t knh 10 CLP cell loss priority u tin mt mt t bo 11 CN core network Mng li 12 CODIT code division test bed Kim tra m a truy cp

13 COSSAPcommunications simulation and system analysis program

Chng trnh truyn thng m phng v phn tch h thng

14 DPCCH dedicated physical control channel

Knh iu khin vt l dnh ring

15 DPDCH dedicated physical data channel Knh lu lng vt l dnh ring

16 EIRP effective isotropic radiated power Cng sut bc x ng hng 17 ERP effective radiated power Cng sut bc x hiu dng 19 GDO general development order Th t pht trin chng 20 GFC generic flow control iu khin dng tng qut 21 GPRS (General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi tng hp

22 GSM Global System for Mobile Communication)

H thng thng tin di ng ton cu th h th 2

24 HCS hierarchical cell structure Cu trc t bo phn cp 25 HEC header error control Kim sot li li vo 26 IFTF Internet Engineering Task Force Lc lng qun l k thut 27 IP Internet protocol Giao thc internet 28 ISS instruction set simulators B cu trc m phng

29 ITU International Telecommunication Union Lin minh vin thng quc t



30 MUD multi-user detection tch sng a ngi dng 31 NOC network operations Centre Trung tm iu khin mng

32 NOMC Network operation and maintenance Centre Trung tm bo dng

33 NRT non-real time Khng thi gian thc

34 OMC operations and maintenance Centre Mng li trung tm

35 PCH paging channel Knh phn trang 36 PDH plesiosynchronous hierarchy Chun ng b 38 P-SCH primary synchronization channel Knh ng b chnh 39 QoS Quality of Service Cht lng dch v

40 RAKE type of receiver utilizing multi-path propagation

loi thit b thu s dng nhiu ng truyn

41 RAN Radio Access Network mng truy cp v tuyn 42 RF Radio Frequency Tn s sng v tuyn

43 RNC radio network controller Trm iu khin sng v tuyn mng

44 RRM radio resource management iu khin ngun sng

45 RTP Real-time Transport Protocol Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc

46 RSVP Resource reservation protocol Giao thc d tr ti nguyn 47 RX Receiving functionality/receiver Chc nng nhn/ Nhn 48 SDH Synchronous Digital Hierachy H thng phn cp s ng b 49 SIP session initiation protocol Giao Thc Khi To Phin 50 SMS short message service Dch v gi tin nhn ngn

51 STM-1 synchronous transport module number 1 M un truyn ng b -1

52 TDMA Time Division Multiple Access a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian

53 TOS type of service Kiu dch v 54 TRX transmitter and receiver Truyn v nhn

55 TX Transmitting functionality/transmitter Chc nng truyn/ truyn

56 UE User Equipment Thit b ngi dng 57 VCI virtual channel identifier B nhn dng knh o 58 VPI virtual path identifier ng dn o

59 W-CDMA

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access a truy cp phn m bng rng



LI M U

Ngy nay, thng tin di ng tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht trin nhanh nht v phc v con ngi hu hiu nht. p ng nhu cu v cht lng v dch v ngy cng nng cao, thng tin di ng cng khng ngng c ci tin.

Tin thn ca 3G l h thng in thoi 2G, nh GSM, CDMA, PDC, PHS... GSM sau c nng cp ln thnh GPRS, hay cn gi l th h 2,5G. Nc u tin a 3G vo khai thc thng mi mt cch rng ri l Nht Bn.T nm 2006, mng UMTS c nhiu quc gia nng cp ln, vi chun HSPDA c xem nh mng 3.5G. Hin gi, HSPDA cho php tc truyn ng xung t 21Mbps. Di hi hn, mt nhnh ca t chc 3GPP ln k hoch pht trin mng 4G, vi tc 100 Mbit/s ng xung v 50 Mbit/s ng ln, dng cng ngh giao din v tuyn da trn ghp knh tn s trc giao.

Vit Nam l 1 quc gia kh pht trin v vin thng. Hin nay cc nh mng ca Vit Nam nh Vinaphone, Viettel, Mobiphone cng ang i vo quy hoch v khai thc mng 3G. Vn cp bch hin nay l quy hoch v pht trin mng nh th no. y l mt bi ton kh hc ba vi cc nh mng. Trong khun kh kho lun, tc gi i vo nghin cu qu trnh quy hoch v pht trin mng di ng th h th 3G. ng thi a ra phng php lun cho cc nh khai thc mng nghin cu v tnh hiu qu ca cng ngh ny.

Lun vn gm 4 chng trnh by nhng vn sau:

Chng 1 : Tng quan v quy hoch

Trnh by tng quan v quy hoch mng. Pht trin k hoch ti u dung lng, vng ph v cht lng dch v. Pht trin k hoch thit k mng.

Chng 2: Quy hoch vng ph sng, dung lng, cht lng dch v.

Chng ny trnh by cc vn v quy hoch vng ph sng, cc m hnh truyn thng c s dng, nh hng qu ng truyn ti vng ph sng. Vn



ci tin dung lng, chuyn giao mm v vn cht lng dch v p ng yu cu ngi s dung.

Chng 3: Ti u ha mng

Chng ny cp n vn xc nh k hoch ban u v vng ph, dung lng, QoS v la chn v tr cc trm BTS sao cho ph hp. ng thi trong chng ny cng a ra yu cu i vi anten v yu cu i vi truyn dn.

Chng 4: M phng v tnh ton

Chng ny i su vo vn cc cng thc tnh ton thit k cell, lu thut ton tng qut, lu thut ton c th v kt qu m phng thc t.

Trong qu trnh lm ti, em c gng rt nhiu song do kin thc hn ch nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong nhn c s ph bnh, hng dn gii p ca qu thy c cng bn b.

Em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn, gip tn tnh ca thc s inh Th Thi Mai, thy c trong khoa in t-Vin thng v Ban qun l d n quy hoch mng 3G ca Vinaphone gip em hon thnh ti tt nghip ny.

H Ni, ngy......thng......nm 2010

Sinh vin thc hin

V Trung Thng



Chng 1. Tng quan v quy hoch mng

S pht trin nhanh chng ca dch v s liu m IP t ra cc yu cu mi i vi cng ngh vin thng di ng. Thng tin di ng th h 2 mc d s dng cng ngh s nhng l h thng bng hp v c xy dng trn c ch chuyn mch knh nn khng th p ng c dch v mi ny. Cng ngh truyn thng th h th ba l giai on mi nht trong s tin ha ca ngnh vin thng di ng. Nu 1G ca in thoi di ng l nhng thit b analog, ch c kh nng truyn thoi th 2G ca in thoi di ng gm c hai cng nng truyn thoi v d liu gii hn da trn k thut s. Trong bi cnh ITU a ra n tiu chun ha h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 vi tn gi IMT 2000. IMT 2000 m rng ng k kh nng cung cp dch v v cho php s dng nhiu phng tin thng tin. Mc ch ca IMT 2000 l a ra nhiu kh nng mi nhng cng ng thi m bo s pht trin lin tc ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G). H thng 3G mang li cho ngi dng cc dch v gi tr gia tng cao cp, gip chng ta thc hin truyn thng thoi v d liu (nh e-mail v tin nhn dng vn bn), download m thanh v hnh nh vi tc cao. Cc ng dng 3G thng dng gm hi ngh video di ng; chp v gi nh k thut s nh in thoi my nh; gi v nhn e-mail v file nh km dung lng ln; ti tp tin video v MP3; thay cho modem kt ni n my tnh xch tay hay PDA v nhn tin dng ch vi cht lng cao

Thit k h thng UMTS cn nhiu qu trnh thit k khc nhau v cc thng s ca h thng. Ngoi ra khi s lng ngi dng tng, dung lng, vng ph cng tng ln, v th kch thc cell phi thu nh li. m bo chnh xc v vic lp k hoch 3G, cn c lng tt lu lng ngi s dng, a hnh, kinh t v cu trc mng. Mt kha cnh quan trng nh hng n vic lp k hoch l tc m rng, v vng ph sng ca mng 2G hin c v cc mng 3G khc.

Ban u nh gi k hoch chi tit, dung lng v vng ph sng l 2 vn chnh c cp. Khi mng hot ng cc thng s cn thit nh s liu thng k lu lng truy cp, cc loi hnh dch v, cht lng dch v (QoS), qu ti cell /sector, gi qu ti, tt c lu lng truy cp s c ti v nh iu hnh mng v



trung tm vn hnh v bo dng (NOMC). Ton b mng c th c iu khin bi NOMC - trung tm kim sot mng. Trung tm ny c th kim sot hot ng ca trung tm bo tr (OMC), hoc mng li iu hnh trung tm (NOC). M hnh chnh tuyn v thit k li / ti u sau s to ra 1qu trnh lin tc, chu nh hng ln bi cc thng s c cp. Mt khi mng c m rng v hot ng lin tc, dung lng ti s tng ln. N s phn tch lu lng v thng k truy cp. iu ny m bo mng lin tc c ti u ha v ti lp k hoch cho ph hp vi p ng yu cu truyn ti nh hnh v. Cc bc ca qu trnh quy hoch c bn gm cc k hoch, hoch nh cc qu trnh v ti u mng, sau l thit k mng thc t. Cui cng l ti u ha v ti lp k hoch cho mng. l 1 qu trnh lin tc lp i lp li tnh ton ti u ha.

Hnh 1: Quy trnh bt buc trong quy hoch v trin khai mng li

1.1 Qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn

Th nht, n cn thit c tnh s lng v tr cc cell, cc kiu trm gc v cu hnh cc trm (bao gm s lng cc phn t mng, sector, cu hnh anten). t c cc v tr v cu hnh cc trm chng ta phi nh gi c din tch ph sng, dung lng, v yu cu QoS i vi cc loi din tch cn ph sng, nh khu th dy c. Vi nhng thng tin ny chng ta c th bt u quy hoch phm vi ph sng v dung lng mng. Kt qu ca quy hoch vng ph v dung lng s cho chng ta mt con s chnh xc v s lng cc v tr v cu hnh cc trm.



hiu c qu trnh quy hoch chng ta phi tm hiu v 3 yu t tc ng ti qu trnh quy hoch l:

a. Dung lng

b. Vng ph sng

c. Cht lng dch v

Vi mng 3G qu trnh quy hoch v ti u / ti quy hoch l mt qu trnh lin lc. Khi hon thnh quy hoch dung lng v vng ph sng v mt mng c xy dng, nhng thit b u cui c a vo mng v cho php kim sot hiu sut mng. Qu trnh ny l qu trnh lin tc m bo hiu sut v ti u ha. Mc ch ca quy hoch mng li l kim sot v ti a ha nh hng ca 3 tham s.

1.1.1 Dung lng

Dung lng W-CDMA l mt vn rt rng v ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc nhau. V d nh nhiu ngi dng ng nhp vo mt t bo v lm tng t l d liu ca h, iu ny s lm gim bt dung lng ca t bo. Ngoi ra, nu cc yu t ti t bo tng; sau nhiu s tng ln iu ny cng s gy p lc ln dung lng t bo. Cui cng dung lng mm l mt vn khc cn phi c ch , bi v trong mt s tnh hung cc t bo c th t ngi dng hn t bo khc, dung lng d tha ny c th c chia s gia cc t bo. Dung lng mm s gip chng ta ti a dung lng ca cc t bo.

1.1.1.1 K thut tng dung lng

Mt s k thut nng cao dung lng hu ch c th h tr cho mng W-CDMA. Phng php s dng c th bao gm Macro, micro, pico cell, c th chng ph ln nhau nh l mt h thng phn cp t bo. H thng phn cp t bo s dng 3 loi t bo khc nhau c bit n nh l cu trc th bc t bo HCS (hierarchical cell structure). HCS l mt phng php c in tng dung lng ti 1 im nng. tng y l s dng di tn s khc nhau cho nhng ngi s dng khc nhau. Tuy nhin vi iu kin nh iu hnh phi mua ph tn tn dng li th ca HCS. V d mt nh iu hnh c th mua 3 ph tn ring bit trong 3 ph tn dnh cho ng xung v 3 ph tn dnh cho ng ln. Nh iu hnh c c hi chuyn i thay th cc tn s trong mi trng th dy c, lm gim nhiu knh ln cn ACI, hoc nhiu iu hnh giao thoa.



1.1.1.2 Chuyn giao mm

Chuyn giao mm c s dng khi nhiu kt ni c kt ni n nhiu trm gc, tt c u hot ng vi cng 1 tn s v tuyn (RF). Vic s dng nhiu kt ni lm gim cng sut t mi trm gc phc v cho thit b ngi s dng. Chuyn giao mm s lm gim nhiu v khc phc s gia tng dung lng ca t bo. Chuyn giao mm c th cung cp thm dung lng cho t bo. y l mt vn rt quan trong cn phi c ch trong vic quy hoch vng ph sng.

1.1.2 Vng ph sng

Vng ph sng s cho php ngi s dng c th di chuyn thoi mi t mng hin ti vo cc mng 3G khc. Ngoi ra phm vi ph sng s c cung cp bi kiu cu trc phn cp t bo trong h thng. Theo ngi dng s chuyn vng t mt mi trng picocell, microcell sang mi trng macrocell. Mng UMTS s khng c lp vi mng GSM hin c m n s cng tn ti vi h thng GSM. Nhiu thit b u cui c th chuyn i t 2G sang 3G v ngc li.

1.1.2.1 Mc tiu ph sng

S a dng ca cc dch v khc nhau s cung cp cc mc ph sng do cc yu t Eb/No ( energy-per-bit/noise-per-spectral density ) khc nhau, p ng yu cu c th chp nhn c i vi dch v, tng li x l v trong trng hp c hoc khng c chuyn giao mm xy ra. Trng hp ny s xy ra trong 1 HCS. Theo 1 t bo c chng ln 1 t bo khc, nhng c 2 t bo s dng 2 tn s khc nhau do chuyn giao mm s khng c tt. Cui cng s khc nhau v qu ng truyn nh tp m trm gc, cng sut tp m thu tt c s nh hng ln CCQ. che ph phi l mc tiu a vo tnh ton bao gm c mi trng m ngi s dng ang dng, cng vi cc thng s tnh ton. Vng ph song a gic c th c miu t nh l phm vi ph sng bt buc. y l hot ng c s cho nhng th nghim c th c chp nhn v c li cho nh iu hnh. Vng ph sng vi th dy c, khu th v ngoi thnh ni chung s to thnh cc vng trn ng tm xung quanh 1 th trn. i vi phm vi ph sng s c li hn nu nh s dng 1 danh sch cc ng giao thng ph sng, thay v to ra cc a gic lin kt cc th x. iu ny s cho kt qu kh a dng nhng chng c th chng cho ln nhau.

1.1.2.2 Sector ha v kh nng thch ng ca chm tia

Sector ha l chia cc t bo thnh nhiu phn (sector), n c th gia tng dung lng. Ngoi ra tng cng vng ph sng n c th s dng anten thch nghi c



kh nng theo di s di chuyn ca UE, nh tng vng ph sng thc t. Khi xem xt vic sector ha hoc chm tia anten thch nghi, c th c tnh nh hng ca mt quang ph ln cng ngh a ch ha. N s ph thuc vo cc loi sng v tuyn v cc thit b anten.

1.1.3 Quy hoch cht lng dch v

Vi 3G QoS yu cu cao hn 2G. iu ny do c nhiu dch v yu cu tc cao, cc dch v c cung cp trn bng thng rng. Cc dch v nh cuc gi video, trao i d liu i hi QoS cao hn, do cn m bo tr truyn dn v cht lng c th chp nhn c. So vi dung lng v vng ph sng, QoS l vn sng cn ca h thng UMTS do tnh cht ca cc dch v v nhu cu ca thit b ngi dng.

1.2 Th tc trin khai quy hoch v ti a dung lng cng nh vng ph sng.

Cc tham s CCQ phi c m bo c th pht trin h thng 1 cch hiu qu. Mi tham s trong 3 tham s vng ph sng, dung lng v QoS phi c a vo xem xt cn bng v ti u 3 thng s trn.

W- CDMA c giao din v tuyn v lun lun thay i khng th on trc. iu ny do ty bin ca ngi s dng v tc d liu ca h thay i. Mi cell phi c thit k chnh xc v do cc iu kin trc tin t c ca quy hoch mng li chnh xc gm 3 giai on sau y:

a. Chun b.

b. S lng ngi dng

c. Qun l cc k hoch quy hoch mng.

1.2.1 Chun b

Vic cung cp lu lng truy cp cho mi ngi dng s ph thuc vo cc loi hnh dch v c sn v mc thng xuyn s dng dch v. C th chia thnh hai lnh vc chnh: ngi s dng doanh nghip v ngi dng t nhn.

V d, gi tr tiu biu cho cc cuc gi trung bnh thi gian cho cc dch v c th d on t khong 120-180 giy. N s phn no kh khn hn do nhiu loi UMTS c bit n hin ti v tng lai tnh ton cc dch v trung bnh thi gian cuc g. Hin nay hu ht cc dch v mi c p dng chuyn mch gi. Tuy nhin trung bnh thi gian cuc gi nh hng ng k n lu lng mng, d



on chnh xc, hp l phi c coi l mt yu t quan trng. iu ny nhiu khi kh khn do kch thc mi c b sung vo dch v UMTS (3G), khi lng d liu trung bnh thng qua l rt ln. Vn phc tp hn l nhu cu v mt dch v nht nh (v d: Vng ph sng ca s kin th thao ) cng phi c a vo tnh ton, v s kin ny s thay i theo thi gian trong ngy, theo ngy trong nm. Khi lu lng mng s tng t bin.

1.2.2 S lng ngi dng

Tnh ton s lng ngi dng mt khu vc c th t c bng cch xm nhp, iu tra dn s. Nh quy hoch mng phi c lng lu lng, s ngi s dng c th cung cp thng s chnh xc cho cng tc quy hoch. Trong quy hoch ngi ta thng s dng phng php thng k d on chnh xc s lng ngi s dng.

1.2.3 Qun l quy hoch mng

Khi s lng cell c xc nh, cn lp k hoch chi tit tn s, xc nh RF trong tng cell. iu ny s nh hng n vng ph sng nh xy dng cc vng ph sng, chi ph, xy dng lut quy hoch, cu hnh, t li v tr cell v cc hot ng khc nh ACI cng phi c xem xt. Do cn b cng c lp k hoch chuyn nghip. C nhiu cng c c sn trn th trng, c cung cp bi ATDI, Logica, Commweb, Agilent... B cng c lp k hoch bao gm mt b tin ch module phn mm c tch hp vo cc ng dng quy hoch hin ti. Cc module c th bao gm cc cng c qun l thng tin, thit k cc cng c di ng, thit b, cu hnh, cc cng c kim k, gim st hiu sut mng v cc cng c bo co d n hoc cc cng c qun l chung.

1.3 Pht trin k hoch thit k mng

Khi xem xt mt ci nhn ton th ca thit k quy hoch mng li, cc i tng sau tt c phi c xem xt. Bao gm cc phn sau: a) Vng ph Microcell / Macrocell. b) Dung lng Microcell / Macrocell. c) Vng ph trong nh v tc d liu cao . d) Thit lp v tr cell. e) S chuyn dch t mng GSM.



Cc chin lc c thng qua trin khai mng s ph thuc nhiu vo vic iu chnh lu lng thc t. Thc t s dng vng ph Macrocell cho ngoi tri v Picocell cho vng ph trong nh. Macrocell cng c th ph sng nhng khong trng trong vng ph sng trong nh. Tuy nhin, c li ngi ta cung cp thm dung lng bng cch tng s lng cc cell trong nh, tri ngc vi ph sng trong nh cung cp t cc cell ngoi tri. Nu vic tng s lng cell trong nh khng c thc hin, ngi ta buc phi dng microcell khc phc cc hn ch dung lng. Tuy nhin, c th t c d liu tc cao hn trong ton b din tch cell, hoc tc d liu c sn thp hn khi ngi s dng im vng bin cell, iu ny s cho php t c din tch ph sng mt cell ln hn. iu ny s ph thuc vo loi dch v d liu tc cao c sn. Vi dch v i hi QoS thp nh e-mail, lu tr v chuyn tip cc dch v tin nhn ngn (SMS), th vng ph khng ng nht c th c xem xt. Tuy nhin vi nhng dch v i hi QoS cao v thi gian thc, th vng ph phi l ng nht. Cui cng, nu mt nh iu hnh c mt mng li 2G hin ti th ngi s s chuyn giao gia 2G v 3G, ti s dng cell. Thng th cc nh quy hoch s tn dng v tr cc trm BTS hin c ca 2G lm trm BTS ca 3G. V chng ta s t b sung cc trm BTS 3G b sung v tr cn thiu. iu ny lm gim ng k chi ph cho vic xy dng h thng. Nu quy hoch hp l s dng li cc trm BTS ca 2G nh quy hoch c th tit kim c 40% chi ph cho xy dng mng 3G.

1.3.1 Phn tch lu lng

Qu trnh phn tch lu lng bao gm cc qu trnh phn tch nh sau: a) iu tra nhn khu trong khu vc ph sng; b) M phng xc nh lng thu bao;

c) Tnh ton cung cp lu lng truy cp cho mi thu bao; d) To ra mt bn lu lng "ch ra lu lng d kin .

iu ny l mt nhim v cho cc b phn tip th, tuy nhin, cc nh quy hoch mng yu cu lu lng cho php nh kch thc mng. iu ny cng s cho php mt mng li phn tch cng sut ban u ca k hoch hon thnh, v m phng thc hin k hoch cui cng.

1.3.2 Mt lu lng

Vic nh gi mt lu lng ca nh cung cp v lu lng ngi s dng thc t mt khu vc c th phi c xc nh. Vic phn phi d liu mt



(DDD) c nh ngha l t l thng tin c th c gi cho mi khu vc ph sng. Trc tin, ta thnh lp mt n v o cng m lng ha lu lng.

Thi gian gi / (1 gi (h)) = Lu lng s dng (1) V d, nu thu bao hai cuc gi trong 1h v di trung bnh ca cc cuc gi l 120 giy (s), cng thc trn a ra sau y: 240/3.600 = 66 milli Erlangs (mErl) ca lu lng.

Hai cuc gi /1 gi trung bnh l 120 s bng 240 s, v 1 h =3.600 s. Erlangs (Erl) c thit k o lng nh lng lu lng. Trong thc t, n c s dng m t tng lu lng s dng trong 1h. M hnh thng s dng nht l Erlang-B (dng nh gi yu cu s dng lu lng trong gi bn). Vi m hnh Erlang-B ngi ta cho rng tt c cc cuc gi b chn s xa ngay lp tc. Do mt ngi s dng trong khu vc phi xem xt, mt lu lng c th c tnh ton v c th hin trong Erlang trn mi km (Erl/ km).

Cng thc Erlang C th hin xc sut ch trong 1 h thng xp hng. Cng nh cng thc Erlang B, Erlang C gi nh v s cc ngun cng truy cp ca A Erlang n N my ch. Tuy nhin tt c cc my ch ang bn do yu cu phi xp hng. Mt s lng ln khng gii hn cc yu t c a vo hng i. Cng thc tnh ton xc sut ca lu lng gi nh rng cc cuc gi ca h b chn cho n khi c th c x l. Cng thc ny c s dng xc nh s ngi s dng dch v cn thit cho mt cuc gi, cho mt xc sut xp hng mong mun.

(2)

A : tng lu lng truy cp c cung cp

N: S ngi s dng dch v

PW : xc sut khch hng phi i s dng dch v.

Gi nh rng cc cuc gi n tun theo phn phi poisson v c m t bng hm phn phi m. S dng chung cho Erlang C l m hnh ha v nh kch c mng v cc cuc gi n tng i



1.3.3 Mc s dng mu v cung cp dch v

Xm nhp th trng kinh doanh bao gm s lng thu bao theo u s dn c chia cho s nhn vin kinh doanh. Sau c chia thnh cc t l phn trm s xm nhp cho cc nhm i tng khc nhau (v d nh ngi dng v doanh nghip).

Ngoi ra cn chia theo loi hnh dch v v tc d liu bao gm c nhu cu QoS. s dng dch v, cn phi thc hin cc dch v chuyn mch cuc gi / gi bn v cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi trong gi bn. Lu lng phi phn tch tnh ton cho nhiu loi dch v (v d nh thoi, d liu, video). Cc mi trng khc nhau nh trong nh, ngoi tri, cng vi t nhn v s dng cng cng. Mt m hnh lu lng s n gin ha cc gi nh. M hnh lu lng cho php nh gi trong sut thi gian gi v c tnh cc t l chuyn giao. lm c iu ny ta dng phng php lp tnh ton cung cp lu lng truy cp mi cell. Ngoi ra, thng s cn thit nh c tnh thi gian ngi s dng in thoi di ng bn ti mt cell s cho php d on chnh xc v lu lng s dng trong khu vc ph sng. Nu dch v c p dng cho mi thu bao, bn lu lng c to ra. S khc bit trong s dng d liu c phn tch trong bng 1.

i vi dch v tng tc a phng tin tc d liu l khong 128 kbps, v th mt chiu di trung bnh cho cc cuc gi kiu ny s kt ni trong khong 144 giy. Trong khi mt cuc gi thoi c tc d liu khong 12,2 kbps trong sut thi gian cuc gi hiu qu c th s l khong mt pht.

Bng 1: Cc dch v c bn

Dch v S dng (kbps)

Khong thi gian trung bnh hiu dng cell (s)

Kiu chuyn mch (Chuyn mch gi tin)

Thi gian gi/Thu bao bn trong 1h

a phng tin c tnh tng tc cao

128 144 CS 0.25

a phng tin tc cao

2000 53 PS 0.01

a phng tin tc bnh thng

384 14 PS 0.2

D liu tc thp 14.4 156 CS 0.1 SMS 14.4 30 PS 2 Thoi 12.2 60 CS 1.5



1.4 c tnh vng ph sng di ng

c tnh vng ph sng di ng, m hnh suy hao ng truyn phi c a vo tnh ton. M hnh suy hao ng truyn c tnh bng cch kt hp cc d liu thc nghim v phn tch k thut.

Tch sng a ngi dng (MUD) nh hng n h s ti trn phm vi cell. Nu MUD c s dng chuyn giao mm th c th gim 20% nhiu trong Macrocell. Do nhiu t cc cell khc s t hn trong Macrocell. Lu lng bt i xng cng phi c quan tm khi tnh ton qu ng truyn. C th cn bng ti h thng ng ln i vi 1 vng ph ti a ca cell, vng ph trong h thng W-CDMA. Cng sut thc t ca ngi dng (UE) s b gii hn bi phm vi ph sng ca cell.

1.4.1 Qu ng truyn

Qu ng truyn c tnh cho ng ln v ng xung mt cch ring l. li an ten, tp m thu v cc mt mt c th cn phi c quan tm.

1.4.2 li chuyn giao mm

li chuyn giao mm t c do vic chuyn giao ti bin, gia hai hoc nhiu cell v cc cell tham gia c mt mt trung bnh bng nhau. c c chuyn giao mm, bin fading log-normal phi c tnh ton. y l thng s cn thit cung cp xc sut vng ph xc nh ti vng bin ca mt t bo ring l cng nh thng s tung ng ti vng bin ca hai hoc nhiu hn t bo. Do , li chuyn giao mm trn thc t s khc nhau gia cc bin khc nhau. Xc sut vng ph cng ln, th mc yu cu bin cng cao. Chuyn giao mm cng cung cp li phn tp macro, iu ny ph thuc vo mi trng sng v tuyn v s nhnh Rake. ( My thu rake ly mu, tnh ton v dng li cc thnh phn ca cc tn hiu a ng b suy hao, kt hp v tng cng tn hiu ). Mt b thu Rake c s dng trong dch v W-CDMA thng c 4-6 (nhnh) nhn. Tuy nhin, chuyn giao mm lun cn c xem xt trong vic ci thin qu ng truyn .

1.4.3 Vng ph b gii hn

Vng ph c gi l gii hn khi n khng c nng lc x l tt c cc lu lng truy cp. T quan im dung lng, kch thc cell cn ln hn rt nhiu. Di cell ti a gi l h s gii hn. Din tch ti a ca cell c s dng xc nh s lng cc trm gc yu cu.



1.4.4 Dung lng b gii hn

Mng c dung lng gii hn A l mng khng c kh nng h tr tt c cc lu lng cung cp. S cell c tnh bng cch chia s ngi s dng m mt cell c th h tr bi s ngi s dng trn mi km. Tng s cell ca h thng bng tng din tch c chia cho din tch 1 cell. i vi nhiu b gii hn, mt tn hiu nh hn s gy mt tn hiu trong cc cell nh hn, v do tng chi ph thc hin thm cc cell cn thit, ngoi ra s lm gim dung lng.

1.4.5 H s ti

H thng t n cng sut cc i khi n c ti ti 100 % dung lng, hoc cng sut ti a l thuyt t c. Dung lng ca mt cell ph thuc vo Eb /No. Khu vc ph sng ph thuc vo ti so vi cng sut cc i. Khi cng sut cc i kch thc cell s co li v khng v mc nhiu s tip cn v cc. Cng sut lin quan trc tip n cc yu t ti v mt mng UMTS (3G) c th khng c vn hnh ht cng sut cc.

1.5 M hnh c tnh t bo

Nh cp mt s yu cu ca cc cell c th c tnh bng cch iu tra s dng. Khi bit s ngi s dng v cung cp lu lng truy cp cho mi ngi dng, chng ta c th tnh c lu lng cn cung cp. Khi phm vi v dung lng cell c thit lp, c th xc nh gn ng s lng cell.



Hnh 2 : M hnh c tnh cell

1.5.1 Din tch ph sng

Din tch ph sng lin quan n kh nng ca ngi s dng truy cp vo mng ca mt cell theo tiu ch c xc nh trc. Cc loi hnh dch v v tc d liu cng s c nh hng n kh nng ph sng.

1.5.2 Din tch ph sng v xc sut mt tn hiu

gim kh nng mt tn hiu th phi thu hp bn knh cell. Do din tch vng ph sng trn 1 cell s gim. Chi ph ph sng mt din tch xc nh s tng ln. Do ta phi cn i gia din tch ph sng ca cell vi xc sut mt tn hiu. Mc mt tn hiu t 5-10% c coi l hp l cho nh quy hoch.

Din tch ph sng cng lin quan n mt tn hiu. Mt tn hiu l khi cc mng v tuyn khng th t c yu cu v QoS. Mt tn hiu c th c m t nh l s che khut v suy hao ng truyn vt qua s khc bit gia mc tn hiu yu cu nhn c v cng ti a lan truyn qua ng. Cc minh ha trong hnh 3 cho thy mt tiu chun ca mt phn b bnh thng vi mt lch chun ca 8dB. Din tch nh ca phn phi xc nh kh nng mt mt. Nu 10% cho kh nng mt tn hiu t c 10,3 dB. i vi mt mc tiu 5% vi yu cu 13,2 dB, v cui cng

Dn s trong khu vc x phn trn thm nhp (%)

Lu lng ngi dng

m s lng cell

S ngi dng Cung cp lu lng

Dung lng mi cell

Phn vi cell



18,6 dB cho mt mt 1%. V vy mc tiu gia tng mt mt dn n gim phm vi ph sng vi li kh cao.

Hnh 3 : c tnh ti a vng ph sng cell - yu t ti

Kh nng truyn ti ngoi vi cell thc t l kh nng cc UE s nhn c mt tn hiu trn mt ngng nht nh, chng hn nh cng tn hiu RF. Gi tr ngng phi cung cp mt tn hiu chp nhn c trong iu kin fading nhanh.

1.5.3 Xc sut vng ph ca ra cell

Ra cell c xc sut ph sng tt nht c coi l xc sut UE s nhn c mt tn hiu t trm anten gc, trn mt gi tr ngng quy nh ti v tr vng bin ca

Hnh 4: ng cong lin quan n cc phn nh ca tng din tch



cell. Gi tr ngng s cn cung cp mt tn hiu hp l trong iu kin fading. Mi quan h gia xc sut ngoi vi cell v din tch c minh ha trong hnh 4.

Trong y l s m suy hao ng truyn v sigma () l lch chun ca che khut c a ra trong dB. S m suy hao ng truyn c nh ngha l t l tng ca suy hao dng truyn. Mt gi tr tiu biu cho suy hao ng truyn trong cell macro c coi l 3,6 v cho lch chun l ch cn nhn thy, s c 8 dB. V vy, / y l 2,22 v tham gia mt kh nng ph sng ranh gii ca 75% s tng ng vi 90% vng c ph sng

1.6 Phn tch thit k quy hoch

Mt v d chng trnh m phng v phn tch h thng (COSSAP) sn xut bi Synopsys Incorporated, COSSAP l mt cng c thit k h thng, bao gm mt b cc cu hnh end-to-end ca cc m hnh ti s dng thut ton, l cn thit cho vic thit k v thm tra ca cc h thng W-CDMA. Do , cng c ny c kh nng cho php xc minh thut ton ca cp lin kt cho h thng truyn ti W-CDMA theo nh ngha hin nay ca cc tiu chun. N c bit n nh l mt chng trnh m phng dng iu khin, da trn m hnh lung d liu, h tr nhanh chng m phng iu khin dng v ng m phng. Cc m phng xy ra thng qua s hp tc ca cc hng dn m phng iu khin dng thit lp m phng (ISS) cho c phn mm v phn cng. Kiu m phng ng thm tra phn khc nhau ca vic thc hin ca h thng, ch yu l t mt im chc nng, m trong cc phn mm v kin trc phn cng khng phi l i din y chi tit. Vi COSSAP, khng kim sot thi gian gia cc yu t m phng l cn thit v v th c th h tr hot ng khng ng b. Bn yu t quan trng l xc nh kh nng h tr nh sau:

c im lu lng;

D liu ngi dng tc ;

Yu cu QoS;

Kh nng mt tn hiu .

D liu tc cao khin s lng ngi dng c kh nng s dng mng t hn. V vy, cht lng mng tt hn, gim kh nng mt tn hiu. Kt ni v tuyn s tt hn s tiu th ti nguyn nhiu hn, c ngha l c t thu bao hn s c th s dng h thng. Phm vi ph sng d liu tc cao, phm vi ph sng cho microcell v mi trng trong nh, ng v tr vi mt h thng 2G, tt c nhng vn chnh s



cn phi c ln k hoch cn thn m bo mng li n nh v hiu qu. Phn tch lu lng, nh gi phm vi ph sng v m cell cng c thc hin phn tch m phng.

1.7 Ti u ha

Ti u ha mng li lin quan n vic thu thp d liu lp i lp li s cung cp mt bc tranh chnh xc v hot ng ca mng. Ti u ha s i hi cc cng c driving-test c dung lng hot ng cao. Mt vi v d v cc chc nng cn thit cao hn bao gm phn tch ng b ha s cp v th cp m ng b ha, o cng sut, o c xo trn m, v thi gian di chuyn v chng ln nhau. Cn phi thc hin ng thi c ting ni v d liu ti mng 2G v mng 3G. D liu bao gm chuyn tip v o ngc iu kin lin kt, t l li bit hoc khung hnh, ACI b cuc gi, khng khi to cuc gi, v nh v v tinh ton cu (GPS). iu l rt quan trng c c mt bc tranh hon chnh v mng c thc hin.

Nh vy chng 1 chng ta tm hiu v qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn. cp n cc vn dung lng, vng ph v QoS. Pht trin cc k hoch, th tc trin khai thit k mng v ti u ha mng li. Chng ny gip chng ta nh gi mi quan h gia cc yu t trong qu trnh quy hoch mng. Phn sau chng ta s i su vo tm hiu tc ng ca tng yu t ti qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn.



Chng 2. Quy hoch vng ph sng, dung lng

v cht lng dch v

Trong phn ny chng ta cp n cc thng s m bo che ph, dung lng v cht lng dch v. Ngoi ra chng ta cn tho lun c qu ng truyn ln v xung. l cc qu ng truyn nh hng n phm vi ph sng ca mi mng. V vy mi n lc ti u ha phi c che ph tt nht. N s cn thit cho vic ti u ha cho c thoi v dch v gi v ngoi ra c th h tr chuyn mch dch v.

Trc tin chng ta tm hiu v quy hoch vng ph sng. Cc yu t nh hng n vic quy hoch vng ph sng.

2.1 Quy hoch vng ph sng

Phn ny s trnh by v qu ng truyn. Cc thng s cn thit m bo c qu ng truyn ln v xung nhm t mc tiu v vng ph sng. Qu ng truyn xc nh cng sut, kch thc v v tr t bo. Phn ny cng cp n m hnh truyn phng php phn tp pht, cc k thut ti u vng ph sng. Trc tin chng ta tm hiu nh hng ca qu ng truyn ln vng ph sng.

2.1.1 nh hng ca qu ng truyn ln vng ph sng

Qu ng truyn l tng hp tt c li v tn tht t my thng qua ( khng gian, cp, ng dn sng, cp quang ) n ngi nhn trong h thng vin thng. N bao gm s suy gim tn hiu do ng truyn, cng nh li ca anten, ng cp vo v suy hao do tp m.

Qu ng truyn xc nh v quy nh nng lng, kch thc v v tr ca cc t bo, tnh ton lu lng c th nh hng n phm vi ph sng. Qu ng truyn khc nhau ty theo khi lng d liu c chuyn i. V iu cui cng l phi ti u ha duy tr che ph mng.

2.1.1.1 Qu ng truyn ln

Cc minh ha trong hnh 5 cho thy mt s khi ca qu ng truyn ln. Mi suy hao v li t pha UE phi c a vo tnh ton bao gm suy hao do qu ng truyn v nh hng ca u con ngi. Ni chung n ph thuc vo cc iu kin hot ng v ph thuc vo mi trng v ngi s dng. Gi tr tiu biu



cho mt mt c th l khong 3dB. Tuy nhin, trong 3G thit b u cui s c vn hnh theo cch khc. Trong 3G, thit b cm tay s c gi pha trc ca ngi dng do s gim tn tht tn hiu do nh hng ca c th ngi dng. Mt mt thm nhp cng phi c xem xt, v iu ny s nh hng n mi trng hot ng. Gi tr thc t c th khc nhau ng k gia cc mi trng khc nhau v s o l tng cc a phng.

V d tiu biu s l 15 dB cho mt mi trng trong nh v khong 8 dB cho mi trng trong xe. li anten UE c tnh ton in hnh l khong 0dBi mc d c kh nng l mt s thit b u cui c d liu ng ten c a ra cao hn khong 2 dBi.

2.1.2 Qu ng truyn xung

n gin ha, suy hao ng truyn ng ln ti a th hin trong hnh 5 (b) s bng tng s suy hao t UE v trm gc ( c bt ngun t hnh 5 (a)), v kt hp nhng suy hao qu ng truyn ln (tc l cc ng ln ti a chp nhn c suy hao ng truyn nh c hin th pha bn tay tri ca hnh (b)). Bc tip theo l thm gii hn tin cy v hiu chnh c c cng sut ng xung . Cc yu t ng xung thm cc mt mt v li t cc trm gc (hin th pha bn phi ca hnh 5), c th tnh ton nhy thu ca UE. y l mc tn hiu cn thit ti u vo b thu, tn hiu ny tho mn Eb / No yu cu. Mt nhn t hot ng phi c thm vo nu i hi nhy b thu thc t, cung cp kt qu thc t hn. Cng sut tp m pha thu ch yu l tp m nhit.

Tp m nhit ch c th c gim thc s khi lm mt my thu, nhng iu ny l khng kh thi. V vy, cch duy nht gim mc tp ml bng cch chn mt b thu vi thng s tp m thp.

Kt qu cui cng ca trn, nh trong hnh 5 (a v b), l cng sut ra t ng ten s tc ng vo lng RF truyn t ng ten v mc ph sng trn din tch yu cu:

Cng sut tp m thu = Mt tp m thu + T l thng tin ( 3 )

Vi :

Mt tp m thu = Mt tp m nhit + mc nhn tp m



Hnh 5: Qu ng truyn (a:ng ln) v (b: ng xung).



2.1.3 M hnh truyn

Mt m hnh truyn RF s xc nh suy hao ng truyn RF. iu ny c thc hin vi vic c trng ho cng sut tn hiu nhn bng cch tnh trung bnh mc cng sut trn cc khong cch gia TRX. Vng ph sng mi v tr cho mt mi trng truyn c th xc nh hiu qu ph sng. Ngoi vng ph sng, mt lu lng cng phi c a vo tnh ton, bng cch s dng mt m hnh truyn c bit n (v d nh m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami hoc m hnh Okamura-Hata), tnh t qu ng truyn u vo cc m hnh v chuyn i thnh cc cell ti a trong phm vi km.

V d ny mt th macro cell c tnh mt chiu cao trung bnh ca UE = 11 m v trm ng ten mt cn c chiu cao 30 m. i vi khu vc ngoi thnh, mt yu t iu chnh b sung ca 8dB c gi nh l mt m hnh ny cung cp kt qu nht qun hn. Cc cell c tnh ton phm vi ph sng c th hin trong bng 2

Bng 2: M hnh truyn

C rt nhiu m hnh truyn sng cho 3G. Nhng trong phm vi ca kha lun chng ta ch tm hiu v 2 m hnh truyn l m hnh Hata-Okumura v m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami. y l 2 m hnh rt ph hp vi quy hoch 3G Vit Nam.

2.1.3.1 M hnh Hata - Okumura

M hnh Okumura l m hnh c dng rng ri trong vic d on tn hiu vng th. M hnh p ng trong di tn 150-1920 Mhz ( c th ngoi suy n 3000 Mhz) v c ly 1-100 km. N c th c dng cho chiu cao anten trm gc t 30-100m.

Trong m hnh ny, suy hao ng truyn c tnh bng cch tnh h s iu chnh anten cho cc vng th l hm ca khong cch gia trm gc, trm di ng v tn s. H s ny c a vo suy hao khng gian t do. Kt qu c iu chnh bng cc h s cho cao anten trm gc v trm di ng. Ngoi ra, cc h s iu



chnh c cp cho hng ph, cc vng ngoi , cc vng m v cc a hnh khng u.

M hnh ch p dng cho 4 thng s tha iu kin:

Tn s sng mang fc : 150 3000(Mhz)

Khong cch t trm gc d : 1 100 (km)

cao anten trm gc hb : 30 100 (m)

cao anten trm di ng hm : 1 10 (m)

Tu theo tng vng phc v khc nhau, suy hao tuyn Lp tng ng mi vng khc nhau.

- Vng thnh ph:

Lp(dB) = 69,55 + 26,16lgfc + (44,9 6,55lghb)lgr 13,82lghb - a(hm) ( 3 )

Trong : a(hm) l h s hiu chnh cho cao anten di ng (dB) c tnh trong 2 trng hp khc nhau:

+ i vi thnh ph nh v trung bnh:

a(hm) (dB)= (1,11lgfc -0,7)hm (1,56lgfc 0,8) ( 4 )

+ i vi thnh ph ln:

8.29[lg(1,54hm)]2 1,1 (fc 200 MHz) [dB] ( 5 )

3,2[lg11,75hm)]2 4,97 (fc 400 MHz) [dB] ( 6 ) Nh vy bn knh cell c tnh :

( )[ ]b

mbcp

hhahfL

rlg.55,69,44

lg.82,13lg.16,2655,69lg

++=

( 7 )

- Vng ngoi :

Vi vng ngoi h s hiu chnh suy hao so vi vng thnh ph l:

Lno (dB)= Lp - 2

4,5

28lg

2cf

( 8 )

- Vng nng thn:

Vi vng nng thn h s hiu chnh suy hao so vi vng thnh ph l:

a(hm) ={



Lnt(dB) = Lp 4,78.(lgfc)2 +18,33(lgfc) - 40,94 ( 9 )

Cc php o ca Okumura ch ng cho cc kiu to nh Tokyo v cn c s liu c kh nng d on cc nhn t mi trng trn c s tnh cht vt l ca cc to nh xung quanh my thu di ng. Ngoi ra, do k thut Okumura dng hiu chnh mt t bt thng v cc c im khc ca ng truyn c th nn cn c cc din gii thit k.

2.1.3.2 M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami

M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami cha 3 phn t: tn hao khng gian t do, nhiu x mi nh v tn hao tn x, tn hao do nhiu vt chn.

Hnh 6 : S quy hoch theo m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami

Cc thng s a vo cng thc m hnh c gii thiu hnh 6.

Trong :

w: b rng ng ph (m)

b: c ly gia cc dy nh ph chn ng truyn sng (m)

: gc ti ca sng trn mt phng phng v so vi trc ng

h m : chiu cao anten trm di ng (m)

h b : chiu cao anten trm gc (m)



d: khong cch trm di ng v trm gc (m)

hr: chiu cao to nh (m)

M hnh ch p dng cho 4 thng s tha iu kin:

Tn s sng mang fc : 800 3000 (Mhz)

Khong cch t trm gc d : 0,02 5 (km)

cao anten trm gc h b : 4 50 (m)

cao anten trm di ng h m : 1 3 (m)

Cc biu thc s dng cho m hnh nh sau:

+

>+++=

0,0,

msdrtsf

msdrtsmsdrtsfp LLL

LLLLLL

(9)

Trong :

Lf : l tn hao khng gian t do, c xc nh:

Lf (dB) = 32,4 +20lgr + 20lgfc (10)

Lrts: l nhiu x mi nh - ph v tn hao tn x, c xc nh:

Lrts (dB) = (-16,7) -10lgW + 10lgfc + 20lgh m + Lo (11)

vi: h m = hr - h m (m)

Lo l sai s do tn x v nhiu x, c xc nh bi:

+

=

9055),)(55(114,045535),)(55(075,05,2

350),(646,9

dBdB

dBLo

Lmsd: l tn hao cc vt che chn, c xc nh:

Lmsd = Lbsh + ka + kdlgr + kflgfc 9lgb (12)

vi:

+=

rb

rbbbsh hh

hhhL

,0),1lg(.18



=

),500(,6,154),500(,8,054

)(,54

rbb

rbb

rb

a

hhrrhhhrh

hhk

hrhb hr

hb > hr

rkm 0,5, hb rkm < 0,5, hb

hb hr hb > hr



Trong , - mP :cng sut hiu dng ca trm gc (dBm)

- bG : h s tng ch ca anten (h s khuch i) (dBi)

- cL : suy hao cp anten thu trm gc (dB)

- Ec: d tr che ti (dB)

- Lct: tn hao c th (dB)

- Ltx: tn hao tn x (dB)

- mS : cng tn hiu ti thiu yu cu (dB) v c xc nh bi:

Sm = (Eb)min + 10lgR (dBm)

Vi R: l tc bit

min( )bE : cng sut bit ti thiu

min( ) bb Tt

EE NI

= + (dBm/Hz)

bt

EI

: sai s vi anten phn tp trm gc (dBm/Hz

Vi TN tp m nhit ti trm gc (dBm/Hz) 0T bN N F= +

0N : tp m nhit nn trm gc (dBm/Hz)

bF : tp m nhit my thu (dB)

T cc cng thc ( 10 ) , ( 11 ) , ( 12 ) , ( 13 ) , ( 14 ) , ( 15 ) v ( 16 ) ta tnh c bn knh ca mt cell l r = 1.1273 km. Da vo din tch vng cn ph sng, ta c c s lng cell (s trm BS) d kin.

4.1.2.2 Tnh s trm BS da vo kh nng dung lng ca BS v s lng thu bao d kin phc v.

Tnh ton vi cc thng s nh sau:

- BHCA / thu bao: 2,5 3

- Thi hn trung bnh ca mi cuc gi: 60s

- H s tng ch ca anten sector (3 sector): 2,4

- H s chuyn giao mm: 1,2 1,4



- Kh nng lu thoi ca BS/sector c tnh ton vi cc gi tr:

H s tch cc thoi: = 0,4

rng bng tn m tri ph W-CDMA: W = 5 MHz

Gi tr trung bnh: 0

7bEm dBN

= =

Phng sai hiu chnh cng sut: = 2,5dB

Tc d liu: R = 9.600 bit/s (nhm 1)

T s mt nhiu tng trn tp m nn: 00

10IN

=

- Kh nng lu thoi ca mt sector c tnh ton theo dung lng cc ca ng truyn hng ln. Trong , quan h gia xc sut tc nghn v dung lng ca sector trong h thng WCDMA nhiu cell l:

( ) [ ]

( ) [ ]

2

2

/ .(1 ) . exp 1 ( , , )exp( ) 2

. exp 2 . 1 ( , , )

W R I rm

QoS QI r

+

= +

( 16 )

Trong ,

/ : lu lng mun truyn hay cc cuc gi tch cc theo phn b Poisson.

0.1ln10 = : gi tr ngng tin nh.

: h s ly tha.

r : bn knh cell.

Ta c 25 Erlang/BS/sector ng vi GoS = 2%

S cell cn thit = s sector / tng ch khi chia sector. - S sector = (dung lng * h s chuyn giao mm)/kh nng lu thoi 1 sector

- Dung lng = (BHCA/thu bao) * s thu bao phc v * (thi gian trung bnh mt cuc gi/3600)

Nh vy, s cell cn thit chnh l iu kin ti u ca 2 gii php trn v c xc nh bi:



Max {(s cell) iu kin ti u 1, (s cell) iu kin ti u 2 }

4.2 Lu thut ton v kt qu m phng

Hnh 24: Lu thut ton m phng

Nhp cc thng s: + Thng s truyn dn +Thng s trm gc +Thng s trm di ng

Tnh suy hao ng truyn cho php i vi vng ph

Nhp cc thng s truyn sng

+Tnh bn knh cell +Tnh din tch cell

Nhp cc thng s h thng

Tnh dung lng cc

Tnh s cell: -Theo dung lng -Theo vng ph

Tnh cc thng s trong cell: -H s ti -Suy hao cc i cell -Xc nh bn knh cell

Dng thut ton ti u xc nh li bn knh ca cell

Bt u

In kt qu

In kt qu

In kt qu

In kt qu

In kt qu

In kt qu

Kt thc



t ta c s thut ton ti u cell nh sau:

Hnh 25: S thut ton ti u s cell gia dung lng v vng ph

+ Gii thch thut ton: ban u ta tnh s cell theo dung lng v vng ph vi

h s ti cho trc 5,0=c (tng ng vi d tr nhiu l 3 dB), kt qu s

cell=max{s cell tnh theo dung lng, s cell tnh theo vng ph}. T kt qu s cell,

phn tch theo dung lng xc nh s thu bao trong mi cell t tnh li h s ti

t . So snh c v t , nu c khc t th tng hoc gim c v tnh li d tr nhiu, suy

hao cho php, bn knh cell, s cell theo vng ph cho n khi c = t th kt thc.

Phn tch dung lng

Kt qu ca h s

Bn knh cell cc

Din tch cell cc

Chp nhn bn knh cell

Nu

Nu

Tng c

Gim c

S cell=max{s cell tnh theo dung lng, s cell tnh theo vng ph}

Phn tch vng ph

Xc nh s cell

-Cc tham s thit b -c im truyn

-Cc tham s thit b -Dung lng vng

ng

ng



4.2.1 Chng trnh tnh ton

Giao din chnh ca chng trnh:

Hnh 26: Giao din chnh ca chng trnh m phng M phng tnh ton gi nh ti tc 144 kbps:

Nhp cc d liu:

Thng s truyn dn

+ Tc bit: 144 kbps

+ d tr che ti : 10.2 db

- Thng s trm gc

+ H s khuch i 14 db

+ Tn hao cp Anten 2.5db

+ d tr cn thit : 6.8db

+ Tp m nn : -174 dbm/hz

+ Thng s trm di ng + Cng sut pht x : 23 dbm + Tn hao tn x : 10 db + Tn hao c th : 2db



+ H s tp m: 5db

T ta tnh c suy hao ng truyn l : 136.92 db v cc kt qu khc nh hnh v bn di.

Hnh 27: Suy hao ng truyn T suy hao ng truyn ta tnh kch thc cell

+ Vi tn s hot ng : 1930 Mhz + cao an ten trm gc:30 m + cao anten trm di ng : 1.5 m + cao nh ca: 30 m + Gc n so vi trc ph: 90 + Khong cch gia cc nh dc theo tuyn: + rng 15m

Kt qu bn knh cell v din tch cell vi m hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho thnh ph ln: bn knh 1.1273 km



Hnh 28: M hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho thnh ph ln Kt qu bn knh cell v din tch cell vi m hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho

thnh ph nh

Hnh 29: M hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho thnh ph nh

Kt qu bn knh cell v din tch cell vi m hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho Ngoi



Kt qu bn knh cell v din tch cell vi m hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho nng thn

Hnh 30: M hnh truyn Hata- Okumura cho nng thn Kt qu bn knh cell v din tch cell vi m hnh truyn Walfishch-Ilegami cho

thnh ph ln



Hnh 31: M hnh truyn Walfishch-Ilegami cho thnh ph ln Kt qu bn knh cell v din tch cell vi m hnh truyn Walfishch-Ilegami cho

thnh ph nh v trung bnh

Hnh 32: M hnh Walfishch-Ilegami cho thnh ph nh v trung bnh Tnh ton thc t ti khu vc H Ni cho mng Mobilephone:

+ M phng tnh ton ti tn s 1930Mhz.



+ p dng cho m hnh Hata-Okumura

+ Din tch ph sng l: 959 km

+ Bn knh ph sng ca 1 trm l:1.1273km

+ Din tch ph sng ca 1 trm l 2.478 km

+ Tnh ton cho kt qu 387 trm BTS cn lp t.

Hnh 33: Tnh ton s trm BTS ti H Ni Xem thm phn trnh dn v thng s trm BTS v v tr cc trm trn file :

UMTS Cell Params -HNI-v5.xls nh km trong a CD



Kt lun v hng pht trin ti

Vi n ny, em i vo tm hiu cng ngh 3G v thc hin phn tch cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh quy hoch mng 3G. Phn tich vng ph: phn tch m hnh truyn sng Hata v Walf p dng vo trong cc iu kin quy hoch c th, phn tch h s ti ca ng truyn xc nh li bn knh t bo, tnh s t bo v y l thng s quan trng dng trong thut ton ti u s t bo. Phn tch dung lng: t nhu cu thc t phn tch dung lng tng vng xc nh dung lng cc i cho mt t bo, s t bo cho mt vng. Cui cng l ti u li s t bo sau khi phn tch vng ph v phn tch dung lng i n la chn s t bo cui cng cho mt vng cn tnh ton.

Ngy nay cc nh cung cp thit b di ng ton cu d on rng mc tip theo ca cng ngh truyn thng s i cng vi vic s dng in thoi di ng. V nh vy th cng ngh th h th 3 (3G) cng s b tht sng.Cng ngh di ng th h th 4 (4G) hin nay ang c u t pht trin, n cho php truyn d liu bng 2 ng: m thanh v hnh nh cng d liu khng s c hng nhng dch v m mnh yu thch. V vy h c th nhn c d liu khng l, iu m trc y l khng th.Cng ngh 4G cho php ngi s dng di ng s dng cc dch v ny qua my tnh c nhn vi kt ni bng thng rng tc cao.

Cc nh cung cp dch v di ng phi chi ra hng t USD tng cng mng di ng ca h nhm cung cp cc dch v video, hnh nh, truy cp Internet v cc dch v khc. H hy vng rng s thc y c tng mc thu nhp v gp c phn no cho s pht trin m nht ca dch v cc cuc gi.

Hin nay, s pht trin ca dch v 3G chm hn so vi d on ca cc nh cung cp dch v. Cng ngh 3G cho php truy cp Internet khng dy v cc cuc gi c hnh nh nhng vn cha thc s c m rng v cn gy ra s kh chu cho ngi s dng. Ngoi ra, cng ngh ny cha mang li li nhun cn bng vi



tng s tin u t xy dng. Lin on truyn thng quc t (ITU) nh ngha r cng ngh 4G l cng ngh khng dy c th truy cp d liu vi tc 100MB/s trong khi ngi s dng ang di chuyn v c tc 1GB/s khi ngi s dng c nh. Sau nm 2010, cng ngh 4G s tr thnh dch v di ng bao qut mi th.

n thc hin nghin cu v hon thnh c bn nhng vn l thuyt nh sau:

+ Nm c cch quy hoch 1 mng ni chung v quy hoch mng 3G ni ring. Nm bt c qu trnh, phng php v cc bc quy hoch v ti u mng 3G

+ Phn tch c nhng yu cu v nguyn tc thc hin quy hoch mng 3G ng vi c trng, cu trc a l tng vng c th, a ra cc cng thc tnh ton dung lng, vng ph, s dng hai m hnh thc nghim c th Hata-Okumura v Walfisch-Ikegami.

+ Vi s pht trin nh v bo ca cng nghip vin thng. Mng 4G sm s thay th 3G. Quy hoch 4G cng gn nh quy hoch cc thng s cho 3G. ti kha lun ny hon thnh xut sc cc k hoch quy hoch mng. N s l tin trin khai v quy hoch mng 4G.

Hn ch ln nht ca ti l trong tnh ton thc t, thiu s liu v nhu cu dung lng thc t ca mt vng c th v kt qu ti ch dng nh c mng s b, ch tnh s t bo. Khi mng a vo lp t v hot ng cn phn tch tng vng c th: xc nh v tr, cc lung kt ni, cch vn hnh v ti u mng. y l hng m ti s tip tc nghin cu sau ny.



Ti liu tham kho

[1]. ]. Chris Braithwaite and Mike Scott, UMTS Network Planning and Development, 2004

[2]. Call flows WCDMA HUAWEI (Ti liu ni b ca Huawei)

[3]. Clint Smith, Daniel Collins, 3G Wireless networks, McGraw-Hill Telecom, 2002.

[4]. Ian Poole, Cellular Communications Explained From Basics to 3G, 2006

[5]. Juha Korhonen, Introduction to 3G Mobile Communications, Artech House, 2001

[16]. John Wiley & Sons LTD,W-CDMA Mobile Communications System, 2002.

[7]. KS. Nguyn Vn Thun, H Thng thng tin di ng W-CDMA, H Ni 2004

[8].M.R.Karim and M.Sarrap, W-CDMA and CDMA 2000 for 3G Mobile Networks, McGraw-Hill Telecom professional, 2002.

[9]. PTS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng, Nh xut bn khoa hc v gio dc, H Ni 1997

[10]. WCDMA RAN Fundamental. Hueway

[11]. Zoran Zvonar, Peter Jung, Karl Kammerlander, GSM: Evolution towards 3rd Generation Systems, 2006



Cc website tham kho :

http://www.gsmworld .com http://www.cellular.com

http://home.intekom.com

http://www.umtsworld.com

http://www.ericson.com

http://www.nokia.com

http://xahoithongtin.com.vn

http://www.vntelecom.org

biaLV.pdfVutrunthong_HTVT.pdf

quy hoạch mạng 3g

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