quy hoạch mạng wcdma

7/14/2019 Quy hoch mng WCDMA

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PHN A:M U


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang ii

Phn A: M u

LI CM N

Trc het, nhom xin bay to long biet n vi cha me va gia

nh a ung ho moi mat, tao ieu kien thuan li nhat e

chung con c hoc tap en hom nay.Nhom cung xin gi li cam n en cac thay, co giao trong

bo mon ien t Vien thong khoa ien_ien t Trng H

S Pham Ky Thuat Tp.HCM, ac biet la thay Nguyen Ngo Lam

trng bo mon a giang day chung em trong suot thi gian

a qua.

Nhom xin gi li cam n sau sac en thay Le Minh Thanh

a bo cong sc va thi gian nhiet tnh trc tiep hng dane nhom hoan thanh e tai nay.

Trong qua trnh thc hien e tai, nhom a nhan c s

giup va ong vien cua gia nh, thay co va ban be. ay

chnh s ong vien to ln thuc ay nhom co gang hoan thanh

tot e tai nay.

Nhom cung xin cam n s ung ho va ong vien tinh than

cua tat ca cac ban trong suot thi gian thc hien e tai.Xin chan thanh cam n!

Nhom thc hien

Pham Nhat Quang - Phan Ngoc Thanh


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang iii

Phn A: M u

QUYT NH GIAO TI


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang iv

Phn A: M u

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang v

Phn A: M u

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang vi

Phn A: M u

LI NI U

1. Tnh cp thit ca ti

Ti Vit Nam, c nc c 7 nh khai thc dch v thng tin di ng s

dng cng ngh GSM v CDMA. iu minh chng cho cho s pht trinkhng ngng ca h tng mng thng tindi ng trong nc trong xu th hi nhp

v th hin s cnh tranh khc lit trong lnh vc ny. Thc t pht trin th

trng ti Vit Nam cho thy, n nay cc mng di ng s dng cng ngh GSM

ang chim u th tuyt i v s lng khch hng vi 56,5 triu thu bao trn

tng s 63,5 triu thu bao di ng (s liu ca Tp ch Khoa hc k thut v kinh

t Bu in). Vi s lng thu bao pht trin ln mnh nh vy trong thi gian

qua cng vi vic cnh tranh khc lit gia cc nh khai thc dch v thng tin di

ng th h tng mng thng tin di ng 2G & 2,5G c khai thc ti a cho

cc dch v truyn thng. Do vy c h tng mng thch hp cung cp cc dch

v trn nn IP/Internet, cc dch v truyn thng a phng tin multimedia, cc

dchv gia tng mi, cc dch v hi t Di ng-C nh, nht l dch v truyn

ting ni di dng gi VoIP v iu kin cho php h gi thnh cung cp cc

dch v ny nhm tng tnh cnh tranh vi cc doanh nghip vin thng khc th

bt buc cn phi c nhng bc chuyn i, pht trin, nng cp h tng i vi

mng di ng hin ti l iu tt yu v ht sc cp thit.Cng ha chung vi s tng trng mnh khng ngng ca pht trin kinh t

x hi Vit Nam ni chung v th trng vin thng ni ring, trong nhng nm

qua vi nhiu bc pht trin vt bc a mng VinaPhone, Mobile-Phone,

Viettel tr thnh cc nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng ln ti Vit Nam v

quy m pht trin thu bao cng nh h tng mng. Vi xu th chung pht trin

thu bao di ng ti Vit Nam v nhu cu tng cao v cc dch v di ng

Multimedia...ca khch hng trong thi gian n, mng v tuyn trn ton quc

ni chung v khu vc c th ni ring cn phi gp rt thc hin nng cp v xy

dng h tng mng 3G theo nh hng NGN- Mobile. Vic nghin cu tm hiu

v a ra gii php quy hoch thit k chi tit h thng v tuyn WCDMA trong

thi gian ngn l v cng cp thit i vi vic kinh doanh v pht trin ca mng

v tuyn trong thi gian ti. V cng tc quyhoch thit k chi tit s gip ti u

v mt ti nguyn x l h thng, ti u v mt khai thc vn hnh bo dng, chi

ph u t mng 3G v ph hp vi quy hoch ti u ha mng phn vng thit b

2G.


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang vii

Phn A: M u

tiQuy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA s p ng c nhu cu thit

thc trong pht trin mng WCDMA ni chung v khu vc Qun 12 ni ring,

a ra dch v 3G sm nht c th l iu rt quan trng v tc ng trc tip n

thng hiu, uy tn, nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip.

2. Mc ch nghin cu

Nghin cu, tm hiu v nh gi hin trng mng v tuyn ni chung v

khu vc Qun 12 ni ring. D bo nhu cu tng trng thu bao 3G ca

mng.

Nghin cu gii php quy hoch mng truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA.

Trin khai quy hoch c th mng truy nhp vtuyn WCDMA cho mng

khu vc Qun 12.

3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu

a) i tng nghin cu

Mng truy nhp v tuyn gi nh ti khu vc Qun 12.

L thuyt tng quan v cu trc mng v tuyn WCDMA.

L thuyt quy hoch h thng truy nhp WCDMA v k thut thit k

vng ph sng, thit k lu lng sao cho ti u nht. ng thi a ra

nhng khuyn co vquy hoach cng sut v quy hoch m.

b) Phm vi nghin cu

Nghin cu l thuyt v quy hoch mng vtuyn WCDMA, thit k vng

ph sng, thit k lu lng, nh c h thng truyn dn.

Nghin cu hin trng dung lng v tuyn mng, kh nng v gii php

trin khai 3G.

Qua nghin cu, tm hiu, a ra kt qu quy hoch mng v tuyn

WCDMA khu vc Qun 12.

4. Phng php nghin cu

Nghin cu l thuyt, tm hiu cc thng s lin quan n quy hoch v

thit k mng v tuyn WCDMA nh: qu cng sut ng truyn cho cc

loi dch v, h s ti, thng lng cella ra lu thut ton tnh cc

thng s lin quan n vic thit k vng ph sng, ng thi xy dng

chng trnh m phng tnh ton.

Kho st vng ph sng theo yu cu thc t cng nh tnh hnh kinh t, x

hi, tnh hnh pht trin mng vin thng trn a bn Qun 12, kt hp vigi nh cho vic nh hng pht trin v hin trng ca mng. Trn c s


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang viii

Phn A: M u

, d bo v tnh ton nhu cu dung lng nh c mng nhm phc v

cho vic xy dng cu hnh mng. Sau khi nh c mng, quy hoch vng

ph s i n quy hoch chi tit, tnh ton slng cc node, chn v tr t

trm v d kin phng n truyn dn cho cc Node.

5. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti

L thuyt v quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA cng nh cc m hnh mng

thng tin di ng 3G c nghin cu v chun ha rngri trn ton th gii.

Tuy nhin vic p dng vo thc t ti mi quc gia, ng vi mi nh khai thc li

khng th p dng theo mt l trnh cng nhc no, iu ty thuc vo hon

cnh c th, vo iu kin pht trin ca th trng v th phn ca n h khai thc

. i vi mng kho st, do lng khch hng ngy cng tng c v s lng v

nhu cu dch v, vic trin khai quy hoch chi tit mng v tuyn WCDMA pdng cc gii php k thut cng cn c cc nghin cu v nh gi da trn c

im c th ca tng vng, ti ny chnh l mt trong nhng nghin cu cng

tc quy hoch nh gi, nhm trin khai xy dng h thng truy nhp v tuyn

mi vo thc t mt cch bi bn, hiu qu, khng ch p ng nhu cu trc mt

m cn l nhu cu pht trinlu di theo l trnh v nh hng nht nh. Kt qu

ca ti chnh l mt n chi tit nhm trin khai mng v tuyn WCDMA st

vi thc t cho mng trong thi gian gn nht, do mang tnh thc tin cao.

6. Ni dungca ti

ti bao gm 5 chng, vi ni dung tm tt nh sau:

Chng 1: Tng quan v cu trc mng v tuyn WCDMA

Chng ny s gii thiu khi qut mng truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA, trong

s tp trung trnh by nhng vn l thuyt lin quan n cu trc mng

WCDMA, giao din v tuyn v cc loi knh trong WCDMA.

Chng 2:Tng quan v quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA

Chng ny khi qut tng quan v nu ln cc vn v vic quy hoch

mng v tuyn, phn tch c qu ng truyn, m hnh truyn sng v dung

lng mng t p dng tnh ton quy hoch cho chng tip theo.

Chng 3:Quy hoch chi tit mng v tuyn mng WCDMA.

Chng ny trnh by v bi ton thit k quy hoch v xy dng h thng

v tuyn WCDMA theo cc thng s v c trng ring ca h thng. T xy


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang ix

Phn A: M u

dng chng trnh m phng vic tnh ton chi tit cho vng ph sng v dung

lng h thng.

Chng 4 :Tnh ton quy hoch cho mt vng c th.

Chng ny kho st c th yu cu thc t qua tnh hnh kinh t, x hi,tnh hnh pht trin mng vin thng trn a bn Qun 12, kt hp vi nh

hng pht trin v hin trng ca mng. Trn c s , d bo v tnh ton nhu

cu dung lng, vng ph xy dng thit k chi tit mng truy nhp v tuyn

WCDMA mng khu vc Qun 12.

Chng 5: M phng quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA.

Chng ny trnh by v phn mm m phng, tnh ton , trin khai mng

WCDMA cho Qun 12.Chng 6: Kt lun v hng pht trin ti.

Chng ny trnh nhng cng vic d lm c v nu hng pht trin ca

ti.

Nhm sinh vin thc hin

Phm Nht Quang - Phan Ngc Thnh


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang x

Phn A: M u

MC LC

PHN A: M U .............................................................................................. i

LI CM N .......................................................................................................... ii

QUYT NH GIAO TI ............................................................................... iii

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN .................................................... iv

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN ........................................................ v

LI NI U ........................................................................................................ vi

MC LC .............................................................................................................. x

LIT K HNH ..................................................................................................... xiv

LIT K BNG .................................................................................................. xvii

CC THUT NG V T VIT TT .............................................................. xxi

PHN B: NI DUNG .......................................................................................... 1

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V CU TRC MNG V TUYN WCDMA... 2

1.1 Gii thiu v cu trc mng WCDMA ....................................................... 2

1.1.1 M hnh khi nim ............................................................................... 2

1.1.2 M hnh cu trc mng WCDMA....................................................... 3

1.2.1 B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC).................................................. 8

1.2.2 Node B (Trm gc) .............................................................................. 9

1.2.3 Cc chc nng iu khin ca UTRAN............................................... 9

1.3 Cu trc mng li theo tiu chun 3GPP R99 ............................................ 9

1.4 Cu trc phn lp ca WCDMA .............................................................. 11

1.5 Giao din v tuyn .................................................................................... 12

1.5.1 Giao din UTRAN CN (Iu) ............................................................ 13

1.5.2 Giao din RNC RNC (Iur) .............................................................. 13


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xi

Phn A: M u

1.5.3 Giao din RNC Node B (Iub) ......................................................... 13

1.6 Cc loi knh trong UTRAN .................................................................... 13

1.6.1 Cc knh logic ................................................................................... 14

1.6.2 Cc knh vt l .................................................................................. 14

1.6.3 Cc knh truyn ti ............................................................................ 15

1.6.3.1 Knh truyn ti ring ...................................................................... 16

1.6.3.2 Cc knh truyn ti chung .............................................................. 16

Chng 2 TNG QUAN V QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN WCDM18

2.1 Nguyn l chung ....................................................................................... 18

2.2 D bo ...................................................................................................... 19

2.3 Phn tch vng ph sng v tuyn ............................................................ 20

2.3.1 Mc ch ph sng ............................................................................. 21

2.3.2 nh hng ca qu ng truyn ln vng ph sng....................... 23

2.3.3 M hnh truyn ................................................................................... 34

2.4 Phn tch dung lng ................................................................................ 36

2.4.1 Tnh ton h s ti .............................................................................. 36

2.4.2 Dung lng Erlang ............................................................................ 38

2.4.3 Ci tin dung lng........................................................................... 43

Chng 3 QUY HOCH CHI TIT MNG V TUYN WCDMA.......... 45

3.1 Cc cng vic quy hoch .......................................................................... 45

3.1.1 Tnh ton vng ph sng................................................................... 45

3.1.2 Tnh ton dung lng ......................................................................... 46

3.1.3 Ti u gia vng ph v dung lng................................................ 47

3.1.4 nh c RNC ..................................................................................... 51

3.1.5 Truyn dn cho Node-B ..................................................................... 52


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xii

Phn A: M u

3.2 Ti u anten 3G ........................................................................................ 53

3.2.1 Anten v cu hnh .............................................................................. 53

3.2.2 Cc yu t v ti u anten................................................................. 55

3.2.3 nghing ca anten ........................................................................ 59

3.2.4 Lp t ng ten ................................................................................... 62

Chng 4 TNH TON QUY HOCH MT VNG C TH....................... 67

4.1 M t vn ............................................................................................. 68

4.2 Tnh ton ti u c th .............................................................................. 69

4.2.1 iu kin ti u th nht ................................................................... 69

4.2.2 iu kin ti u th 2 ........................................................................ 72

4.2.3 iu chnh h s ti Bc lp v vng ph v dung lng............ 74

4.2.4 La chn bn knh cell ....................................................................... 76

Chng 5 M PHNG QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN WCDMA...... 77

5.1 t Vn ................................................................................................ 77

5.2 Gii thiu v phn mm Atoll .................................................................. 85

5.3 M phng quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA vi Atoll....................... 86

5.3.1 Thit lp cc thng s ........................................................................ 86

5.3.2 M hnh truyn sng .......................................................................... 89

5.3.3 Thit b mng v tuyn ...................................................................... 89

5.3.4 Trin khai quy hoch mng WCDMA............................................... 90

Chng 6 KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN.................................... 111

6.1 Kt lun ................................................................................................... 111

6.2 Hng pht trin ..................................................................................... 112

PHN C: PH LC V TI LIU THAM KHO........................................ 87

PH LC A : CC M HNH TRUYN SNG .......................................... 114


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xiii

Phn A: M u

PH LC B : GIAO DIN CHNG TRNH TNH TON....................... 119

TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................... 124


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xiv

Phn A: M u

LIT K HNH

Hnh 1.1: M hnh khi nim mng WCDMA .................................................... 2

Hnh 1.2: M hnh cu trc hthng UMTS ....................................................... 3

Hnh 1.3: S khi tng qut ca mng thng tin di ng thh3 WCDMA 4

Hnh 1.4: Cu trc qun l ti nguyn ................................................................. 6

Hnh 1.5: Cu trc dch v ................................................................................... 7

Hnh 1.6: Cu trc UTRAN ................................................................................. 8

Hnh 1.7: Cu trc mng li theo tiu chun 3GPP R99 ................................... 10

Hnh 1.8: Cu trc phn lp ca mng WCDMA ............................................. 11

Hnh 1.9: Cu trc giao thc giao din v tuyn ........................................... 11

Hnh 1.10: M hnh giao thc tng qut cho cc giao din UTRAN ............... 13

Hnh 1.11: Cc loi knh trong UTRAN. ......................................................... 14

Hnh 1.12: Cc knh vt l ng ln .............................................................. 15

Hnh 1.13: Cc knh vt l ng xung ......................................................... 15

Hnh 1.14: Knh truyn ti ng ln v ng xung. .................................. 17

Hnh 2.1: Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng WCDMA. .......................... 19

Hnh 2.2: Vng phsng ca cell theo cc loi dch vkhc nhau .................. 23

Hnh 2.3: Qung truyn (a:ng ln) v (b: ng xung).................... 25

Hnh 2.4: Suy hao ng truyn v phm vi ca cell ........................................ 34

Hnh 2.5: Chia snhiu gia cc cell trong WCDMA ...................................... 39

Hnh 3.1: Tnh ton bn knh cell ...................................................................... 45

Hnh 3.2: Lu ti u cell ............................................................................... 48

Hnh 3.3: Omni antenna ..................................................................................... 54

Hnh 3.4: sector ho ..................................................................................... 54

Hnh 3.5: li ng xung vi phn tp TX ................................................ 56


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xv

Phn A: M u

Hnh 3.6: Phn tp 4 nhnh ................................................................................ 57

Hnh 3.7: li vng phng ln vi phn tp RX .................................... 58

Hnh 3.8: Anten v hng c gc nghing bng 00........................................... 59

Hnh 3.9: thquan hgia gc ngng v tng ch.................................. 60

Hnh 3.10: So snh khi sdng v khng sdng chm tia hng xung ..... 62

Hnh 3.11: ng- ten nghing 1: a) thlan truyn RF v B) 0 c kh v 0

in ........................................................................................................ 63

Hnh 3.12: Anten nghing 2: a) thlan truyn RF v B) 6 c kh v 6 in

........................................................................................................ 64

Hnh 4.1: S Qun 12 ................................................................................... 67

Hnh 5.1: M xo trn ng xung.................................................................. 82

Hnh 5.2: Sm xo trn ................................................................................... 82

Hnh 5.3: Phn tch tn hao truyn sng gia 2 cell .......................................... 83

Hnh 5.4: Minh ha vquy hoch m ................................................................ 84

Hnh 5.5: Hnh nh sau khi chn i tng v nhp bn ............................. 86

Hnh 5.6: Bn mt lu lng Qun 12 ..................................................... 89

Hnh 5.7: Kt qutrin khai thit kbn knh cell 700m mt sng mang ........ 91

Hnh 5.8: Trng thi kt ni mng ca cc thit bu cui mt sng mang bn

knh cell 700m ........................................................................................................ 94

Hnh 5.9: Kt qutrin khai thit kbn knh cell 700m ba sng mang ........... 95

Hnh 5.10: Trng thi kt ni mng ca cc thit bu cui 3 sng mang .... 97

Hnh 5.11: Kt qutrin khai thit kmt sng mang bn knh cell 560m ..... 98

Hnh 5.12: Trng thi kt ni mng ca cc thit bu cui 1 sng mang bn

knh cell 560m ...................................................................................................... 100

Hnh 5.13: Kt qutrin khai thit kba sng mang bn knh cell 560m ..... 100


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xvi

Phn A: M u

Hnh 5.14: Trng thi kt ni mng ca cc thit bu cui ba sng mang bn

knh cell 560m ...................................................................................................... 102

Hnh 5.15: Kt qutrin khai thit kba sng mang bn knh cell 1.15km .. 102

Hnh 5.16: Trng thi kt ni mng ca cc thit bu cui ba sng mang bn

knh cell 1.15km ................................................................................................... 104

Hnh 5.17: Xem xt vng phca dch vS1_Effective Service Area ......... 108




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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xvii

Phn A: M u

LIT K BNG

Bng 2.1 Cc loi hnh phsng phbin. ....................................................... 22

Bng 2.2 Cc loi loi dch vchnh ca WCDMA ......................................... 22

Bng 2.3 Gi trSFM thng dng ..................................................................... 28

Bng 2.4 Thng scao anten theo vng phsng ....................................... 29

Bng 2.5 Cc thng squng truyn ......................................................... 29

Bng 2.6 Ginh qung truyn ca my di ng ................................... 30

Bng 2.7 Ginh vqung truyn ca trm gc ..................................... 30

Bng 2.8 Qung truyn tham kho cho dch vthoi 12.2 kbps a tc

(120km/h, ngi s dng trong xe t, knh Verhicular A vi chuyn giao

mm) ............................................................................................................ 31

Bng 2.9 Qung truyn ca cc dch vthi gian thc tc 144kbps (vn

tc di ng 2km/h, ngi sdng trong nh c phc vbi BS ngoi tri, knh

Vehicular A, vi chuyn giao mm) ...................................................................... 32

Bng 2.10 Qung truyn tham kho ca dch vdliu phi thi gian thc

384 kbps (3km/h, ngi s dng ngoi tri, knh Vehicular A, khng chuyn

giao mm) ........................................................................................................ 33

Bng 2.11 M hnh truyn ................................................................................... 35

Bng 2.12 So snh tn hao ng truyn tm hnh Hata v Walfisch-Ikegami .

............................................................................................................ 35

Bng 2.13 Mi quan hgia dtrnhiu c yu cu ng vi ti ng ln 36

Bng 2.14 Cc thng ssdng trong tnh ton hsti ng ln ................. 37

Bng 2.15 Cc thng ssdng trong vic tnh ton hsti lin kt n..... 38

Bng 2.16 Tnh ton thng lng c githit ................................................ 42

Bng 2.17 Lu lng dliu /sector/ sng mang trong cc mi trng ............ 42

Bng 3.1 Gi trK theo cu hnh site ................................................................ 45


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xviii

Phn A: M u

Bng 3.2 Lu lng cc dch v ....................................................................... 47

Bng 3.3 Dung lng ca mt RNC vi cc cu hnh khc nhau .................... 51

Bng 4.1 Dbo pht trin thu bao mng ....................................................... 68

Bng 4.2 Tm tt li vng phca qun 12 ..................................................... 68

Bng 4.3 Thng s cthcho 2 vng .............................................................. 69

Bng 4.4 Qung truyn dch vthoi 12.2kbps ........................................ 70

Bng 4.5 Kt qutnh bn knh cell theo vng ph.......................................... 72

Bng 4.6 Thng siu tra thng k ca vng ................................................. 72

Bng 4.7 Kt qubn knh cell theo dung lng vi hsti ban u ............ 73

Bng 4.8 Thng stinh chnh hsti vi cc dch vkhc nhau .................. 73

Bng 4.9 Bn knh cell theo dung lng sau cc ln tinh chnh hs ti ......... 74

Bng 4.10 Bc lp vvng ph ........................................................................ 75

Bng 4.11 Cc thng skhi tinh chnh hsti ................................................. 75

Bng 4.12 Bc lp vdung lng vi hsti ban u .................................. 75

Bng 4.13 Bc lp vdung lng sau khi tinh chnh hsti ......................... 76

Bng 4.14 Kt quti u cell .............................................................................. 76

Bng 5.1 Kt qukho st v tnh ton ............................................................. 77

Bng 5.2 Bn knh cell theo vng ph .............................................................. 78

Bng 5.3 Cc thng stnh ton dung lng mm ........................................... 79

Bng 5.4 Kt qutnh dung lng mm ........................................................... 79

Bng 5.5 Bng cng sut knh khc c mi quan h vi cng sut knh P-

CPICH ............................................................................................................ 80

Bng 5.6 Cch sdng m ................................................................................ 81

Bng 5.7 Thuc tnh dch v ............................................................................. 87

Bng 5.8 Thuc tnh thit b .............................................................................. 87


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xix

Phn A: M u

Bng 5.9 Thuc tnh ngi dng ....................................................................... 88

Bng 5.10 Thuc tnh mobile .............................................................................. 88

Bng 5.11 Thuc tnh lu lng ......................................................................... 88

Bng 5.12 Thuc tnh anten ................................................................................ 89

Bng 5.13 Thuc tnh trm gc ........................................................................... 90

Bng 5.14 Thuc tnh cht lng cc dch v ..................................................... 90

Bng 5.15 Thuc tnh lu lng cho mt sng mang bn knh cell 700m ......... 93

Bng 5.16 Kt qum phng cho mt sng mang bn knh cell 700m ............. 93

Bng 5.17 Phn tch cc ngun kt ni dch vcho mt sng mang bn knh cell

700m ............................................................................................................ 93

Bng 5.18 Thuc tnh lu lng cho ba sng mang bn knh cell 700m ........... 95

Bng 5.19 Kt qum phng cho ba sng mang bn knh cell 700m ................ 96

Bng 5.20 Phn tch cc ngun kt ni dch vcho ba sng mang, bn knh cell

700m ............................................................................................................ 96

Bng 5.21 Thuc tnh lu lng cho 1 sng mang bn knh 560m .................... 98

Bng 5.22 Kt qum phng cho mt sng mang bn knh cell 560m ............. 99

Bng 5.23 Phn tch cc ngun kt ni dch vcho 1 sng mang bn knh cell

560m ............................................................................................................ 99

Bng 5.24 Thuc tnh lu lng cho ba sng mang bn knh 560m ................ 101

Bng 5.25 Kt qum phng cho ba sng mang bn knh cell 560m .............. 101

Bng 5.26 Phn tch cc ngun kt ni dch vcho ba sng mang bn knh cell

560m .......................................................................................................... 101

Bng 5.27 Thuc tnh lu lng cho ba sng mang bn knh 1.15km ............. 103

Bng 5.28 Kt qum phng cho ba sng mang bn knh cell 1.15km ........... 103

Bng 5.29 Phn tch cc ngun kt ni dch vcho ba sng mang bn knh cell

1.15km .......................................................................................................... 103


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xx

Phn A: M u

Bng 5.30 Bng quy hoch m.......................................................................... 106


21/149

Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xxi

Phn A: M u

CC THUT NG V T VIT TT

A

AGC Automatic Gain Control B iu khin tng ch t ng

AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate codec B m ho v gii m a tc

thch nghi

AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone

System

H thng in thoi di ng tin

tin (M)

ASNR Antenna Signal to Noise

Ratio

T s tn hiu trn nhiu ca

anten

AWGN Additive White Gaussian

Noise

Nhiu m cng dng Gauss

B

BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts S cuc gi trong gi bn

BER Bit Error Rate Tc li bit

BLER

BPSK

BSIC

BTS

C

Block Error Rate

Binary Phase Shift Keying

Base station identity code

Base Tranceiver Station

Tc li Block

Kho dch pha nh phn.

M nhn dng trm gc

Trm gc

CDMA

CN

Code Division Multiple

Access

Core Network

a truy cp phn chia theo m

Mng li

CSI Chanel Status Information Thng tin trng thi knh truyn

D

DL Downlink ng xung

DSSS Direct Sequence Spread

Spectrum

H thng tri ph chui trc tip

E


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xxii

Phn A: M u

EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for

Evolution Equivalent

Isotropic Radiated Power

Cc tc d liu tng cng

cho s tin ho

EIRP Electronic War Fire European Telecommunication

Standard Institute

F

FDD Frequency Division Duplex Ghp song cng theo tn s

FDMA

FER

Frequency Division

MultiAccess

a truy cp phn chia theo tn

s

T s li khung

G

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support

Node

Nt h tr cng GPRS

GPRS General Packet Radio

Service

Dch v v tuyn gi chung

GPS Global Position System H thng nh v ton cu

GSM Global System for Mobile

Communication

H thng thng tin di ng ton

cu

H

HLR

HSDPA

HSUPA

HO

I

Home Location Registor

High Speed Downlink

Packet Access

High Speed Uplink Packet

Access

Handover

B ng k thng tr

Truy nhp gi ng xung tc

Cao

Truy nhp gi ln xung tc

Cao

Chuyn giao

IEEE Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers

Hc vin k ngh in v in t


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xxiii

Phn A: M u

IF Intermidiate Frequency Tn s trung tn

IMT International Mobile

Telecommunication

Vin thng tin di ng quc t

IMT- MC

ITU

Iub

Iur

IMT- Multicarrier

International

Telecommunication

Union

IMT a sng mang.Lin hp vin thng quc t.

Giao din gia RNC v nt B

Giao din gia 2 RNC.

MME Mobile Equipment Thit b di ng

MMS Multimedia Messaging

Service

Dch v nhn tin a phng tin

MSC Mobile Service Switching

Centre

Trung tm chuyn mch dch v

di

ng

MSS MSC server Nt chuyn mch ca Softswitch

N

NLMS Normalized Least Mean

Square

Bnh phng trung bnh ti thiu

chun ha

O

OFDM

OMC

P

Orthogonal frequency-

division

Multiplexing

Operation Mainternance

Center

Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s

trc giao

Trung tm iu hnh qun l

khai

thc

PCU Packet Control Unit n v iu khin gi


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Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xxiv

Phn A: M u

PN Pseudo - Noise Gi tp m

PPS-IN Prepaid System -

Interligent Network

H thng iu khin thu bao tr

trc IN

Q

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift

Keying

Kho dch pha cu phng

R

RAM

RAT

RNC

RNS

RRC

RRM

RF

Radio Access Mode

Radio Access Technology

Radio Network Controller

Radio Network subsystem

Radio Resoure Control

protocol

Radio Resouse

Management

Radio Frequency

Ch truy nhp v tuyn.

Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn.

B iu khin mng v tuyn.Phn h mng v tuyn

Giao thc iu khin ti nguyn

v tuyn

Thut ton qun l ti nguyn v

tuyn.

Tn s v tuyn

S

SFN System Frame Number S hiu khung h thng.

SCP Service Control Point Nt h tr iu khin dch v

SDP Service Data Point

trong PPS-IN

Nt h tr iu khin d liu

trong

PPS-IN

SGSN Serving GPRS Support

Node.

Nt h tr GPRS phc v

SHO

SIP

SIR

Soft Handover

Session Initiation Protocol

Signal to Interference Ratio

Chuyn giao mm.

Giao thc khi to phin

T s tn hiu trn nhiu


25/149

Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang xxv

Phn A: M u

SMS

SNR

STP

T

Short Messaging Service

Signal to Noise Ratio

Signaling Transfer Point

Dch v nhn tin ngn.

T s tn hiu trn tp m

im chuyn tip bo hiu

TDD Time Division Duplex Ghp song cng phn chia theo

thi gian

TDMA Time Division Multiple

Access

atruy cp phn chia theo thi

gian

TPC

TSC

Transmission Power

Control

Trantsit/Gateway Center

iu khin cng sut pht

Trung tm chuyn tip cuc gi

U

UE User Equipment Thit b ngi s dng

UL Uplink ng xung

UMTS

USIM

UTRAN

W

Universal Mobile

Telecommunication

System

UMTS Subscriber Identify

Module

UMTS Terrestrial Radio

Access

Network

H thng vin thng di ng

ton

cu.

Modul nhn dng thu bao

UMTS

Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t

UMTS

WCDMA

WLAN

Wideband Code Division

Multiple Access

Wireless Local Area

Network

a truy nhp phn chia theo m

bng rng

Mng v tuyn ni ht


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PHN B:NI DUNG


27/149

Quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA Trang 2


Chng 1

TNG QUAN V CU TRC MNG

V TUYN WCDMA1.1 Gii thiu v cu trc mng WCDMA

1.1.1 M hnh khi nim

Theo quan im ny, cu trc mng c phn thnh cc h thng cn da

trn cu trc th tc, lu lng cng nh cc phn t vt l. Mng 3G bao gm

hai khi chc nng chnh: khi chc nng chuyn mch gi (PS) v khi chc

nng chuyn mch knh (CS). Cc giao din l phng tin cc khi chc nng

giao tip vi nhau. Da trn cu trc th tc v nhim v ca chng, m h nh

mng 3G c chia thnh hai tng: tng truy cp v tng khng truy cp.

- Tng truy cp bao gm cc thtc xl giao tip gia thit bngi s

dng (UE) vi mng truy cp.

- Tng khng truy cp cha cc th tc x l giao tip gia UE vi mng li

(khi chc nng CS/PS) tng ng.

Mng thng tr cha cc thng tin ng k v thng tin bo mt. Mng phc

v l mt phn ca mng li. Mng truyn ti l phn mng li thc hin kt ni

thng tin gia mng phc v vi cc mng bn ngoi.

Hnh 1.1: M hnh khi nim mng WCDMA


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1.1.2 M hnh cu trc mng WCDMA

H thng WCDMA c xy dng trn c s mng GPRS. V mt chc nng

c th chia cu trc mng WCDMA ra lm hai phn : mng li (CN) v mng truy

cp v tuyn (UTRAN), trong mng li s dng ton b cu trc phn cng

ca mng GPRS, cn mng truy cp v tuyn l phn nng cp ca WCDMA.

Ngoi ra hon thin h thng, trong WCDMA cn c thit b ngi s dng

(UE) thc hin giao din ngi s dng vi h thng.

T quan im chun ha, c UE v UTRAN u baogm nhng giao thc

mi c thit k da trn cng ngh v tuyn WCDMA, tri li mng li c

nh ngha hon ton da trn GSM. iu ny cho php h thng WCDMA pht

trin mang tnh ton cu trn c s cng ngh GSM.

Hnh 1.2: M hnh cu trc h thng UMTS

WCDMA l mt giao din v tuyn phc tp v tin tin trong lnh vc thng

tin di ng, n s l cng ngh xy dng c s h tng v kin trc mng t bo

ca hu ht mng 3G trn th gii, hnh thnh kt ni gia thit b di ng ca

ngi s dng cng vi mng li.

T hnh 1.3 di y ta thy mng thng tin di ng th h 3 WCDMA gmhai phn mng: mng li v mng truy cp v tuyn.


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Hnh 1.3: S khi tng qut ca mng thng tin di ng th h 3 WCDMA

UE (User Equipment)

Thit b ngi s dng thc hin chc nng giao tip ngi s dng vi h

thng. UE gm hai phn:

- Thit b di ng (ME:Mobile Equipment): L u cui v tuyn c s

dng cho thng tin v tuyn trn giao din Uu.

- Module nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM): L mt th thng minh cha

thng tin nhn dng ca thu bao, n thc hin cc thut ton nhn thc,

lu gi cc kha nhn thc vmt s thng tin thu bao cn thit cho u

cui.

UTRAN (UMTS Terestrial Radio Access Network)

Mng truy cp v tuyn c nhim v thc hin cc chc nng lin quan n

truy cp v tuyn. UTRAN gm hai phn t.

- Nt B: Thc hin chuyn i dng s liu gia cc giao din Iub v Uu.

N cng tham gia qun l ti nguyn v tuyn.

- B iu khin mng v tuyn RNC: C chc nng s hu v iu khin

cc ti nguyn v tuyn trong vng (cc nt B c kt ni vi n).RNC cn l im truy cp tt c cc dch v do UTRAN cung cp cho

Mng ng trc

PSTN/ISDN PLMN PDN

IWF GMSC

VLR

MSC

GGSN

SGSN

AuC

HLR

EIR

Iuc Mng li

NB

NB

NB

RNC

TE MT

NB

NB

NB

RNC

TE MT

Iups

Iu

Mng truy cp v tuyn


30/149



mng li CN.

CN (Core Network).

Cc phn t chnh ca mng li nh sau

- HLR (Home Location Register): L thanh ghi nh v thng tr lu githng tin chnh v l lch dch v ca ngi s dng. Cc thng tin ny

bao gm : Thng tin v cc dch v c php, cc vng khng c

chuyn mng v cc thng tin v dch v b sung nh: trng thi chuyn

hng cuc gi, s ln chuyn hng cuc gi.

- MSC/VLR (Mobile Services Switching Center/Visitor Location Register):

L tng i (MSC) v c s d liu (VLR) cung cp cc dch v

chuyn mch knh cho UE ti v tr ca n. MSC c chc nng s dngcc giao dch chuyn mch knh. VLR c chc nng lu gi bn sao v

l lch ngi s dng cng nh v tr chnh xc ca UE trong h thng

ang phc v.

- GMSC (Gateway MSC): Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng

cng kt ni vi mng ngoi.

- SGSN (Servicing GPRS Support Node): Node h tr GPRS (dch v v

tuyn gi chung) ang phc v, c chc nng nh MSC/VLR nhngc s dng cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi (PS).

- GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): Node h tr GPRS cng, c chc

nng nh GMSC nhng ch phc v cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi.

kt ni MSC vi mng ngoi cn c thm phn t lm chc nng tng tc

mng (IWF). Ngoi mng li cn cha cc c s d liu cn thit cho cc mng di

ng nh: HLR, AuC v EIR.

Cc mng ngoi- Mng CS: Mng m bo cc kt ni cho cc dch v chuyn mch knh.

V d: Mng ISDN, PSTN.

- Mng PS: Mng kt ni cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi. V d:mng

Internet.

Cc giao din v tuyn

- Giao din Cu: L giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao dinny tun theo mt khun dng chun cho cc th thng minh.


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- Giao din Uu: L giao din m qua UE truy cp cc phn t c nh

ca h thng v v th m n l giao din m quan trng nht ca UMTS.

- Giao din Iu: Giao din ny ni UTRAN vi CN, n cung cp cho cc

nh khai thc kh nng trang b UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc

nhau.

- Giao din Iur: Cho php chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t cc nh sn

xut khc nhau.

- Giao din Iub: Giao din cho php kt ni mt nt B vi mt RNC. Iubc tiu chun ha nh l mt giao din m hon ton.

1.1.2.1Cu trc qun l ti nguyn

Cu trc qun l ti nguyn da trn c s phn chia cc chc nng qun lch yu sau:

- Qun l kt ni (CM): bao gm tt c cc th tc, cc chc nng lin

quan n vic qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng.

- Qun l di ng (MM): gm tt c cc chc nng , cc th tc qun l di

ng v bo mt nh cc th tc bo mt kt ni, cc th tc cp nht v

tr.

- Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM): bao gm cc th tc thc hin vicqun l ti nguyn v tuyn (iu khin cng sut, chuyn giao v iu

khin ti h thng).

Hnh 1.4: Cu trc qun l ti nguyn

CM CM

MM MM MM

RRM RRM

i u khi n thng tin

i u khi n di ng iu khin di ng

iu khin ti nguynv tuyn

UE UTRAN

NMS

CN

Giao dinmUu Giao dinmIu


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Cc chc nng iu khin c kt hp vinhm cc dch v iu khin sau:

- iu khin thng tin (COMC): duy tr cc c ch nh iu khin cuc

gi, iu khin phin trong chuyn mch gi.

- iu khin di ng (MOBC): duy tr iu khin cp nht v tr v bomt.

- iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn (RRC): thc hin chc nng qun l thit

lp kt ni v tuyn v duy tr kt ni gia UE vi UTRAN.

1.1.2.2Cu trc dch v UMTS

H thng 3G c xy dng theo nh hng dch v nhiu hn so vi mng

thng tin di ng truyn thng. Theo quan im dch v, m hnh mng 3G c

dng nh sau:

Hnh 1.5: Cu trc dch v

Lp thp nht l nn tng cho cc lp cn li l lp truyn ti vt l. Cc nts dng phng tin truyn ti vt l hnh thnh mt lp gi l lp phn t mng.

Lp th ba cha cc phn t v chc nng to ra mi khi chc nng trong

hnh thnh cc dch v phc v ngi s dng u cui. Lp dch v trn cng

trong m hnh dch v to ra ng cnh cho cc dch v phc tp.

1.2 Cu trc mng truy cp v tuyn UTRAN

Nhim v chnh ca UTRAN l to v duy tr cc knh mng truy cp v

tuyn (RAB) thc hin thng tin gia thit b di ng (UE) vi mng li (CN).UTRAN nm gia haigiao din m Uu v Iu. Nhim v ca UTRAN l phi hp

vi mng li thc hin cc dch v mng qua cc giao din ny.

UTRAN bao gm nhiu h thng con mng v tuyn RNS (Radio Network

Subsystem). Mi RNS bao gm mt s trm gc (node B), giao din Uu v mt b

iu khin mng v tuyn RNC. RNC kt ni vi node B bng giao din Iub. Cc

RNS giao tip vi nhau s dng giao din m Iu rmang c thng tin bo hiu v

lu lng

LP DCH V

LP PHN T MNG

LP TO DCH V

LP TRUYN TI VT L

Chc

nng

bo

Qun l

mng


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Hnh 1.6: Cu trc UTRAN

Cc c tnh ca UTRAN l c s thit k cu trc UTRAN, cc chc nng

v giao thc. UTRAN c cc c tnh chnh sau:

- H tr cc chc nng truy cp v tuyn, c bit l chuyn giao mm v

cc thut ton qun l ti nguyn c th ca WCDMA.

- m bo tnh chung nht cho vic x l s liu chuyn mch knh v

chuyn mch gi kt ni t UTRAN n c hai vng PS v CS ca

mng li.

- m bo tnh chung nht vi GSM.

- S dng c ch truyn ti ATM l c ch truyn ti chnh UTRAN.

1.2.1 B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC)

RNC l phn t mng chu trch nhim iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn ca

UTRAN. RNC kt ni vi CN (thng thng vi mt MSC v mt SGSN) qua

giao din v tuyn Iu. RNC iu khin node B chu trch nhim iu khin ti v

trnh tc nghn cho cc cell ca mnh.

Khi mt kt ni MS-UTRAN s dng nhiu ti nguyn t nhiu RNC th cc

RNC ny s c hai vai tr logic ring bit:

- RNC phc v (Serving RNC): thc hin x l s liu truyn t lp kt

Iub Iur

MSC/VLR

SGSN

IUCS

IUPS

UU

USIM

USIM

CU


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ni s liu ti cc ti nguyn v tuyn. SRNC cng l CRNC ca mt

node B no c MS s dng kt ni vi UTRAN.

- RNC tri (Drift RNC): l mt RNC bt k khc vi SRNC iu khin

cc cell c MS s dng. Khi cn DRNC c th thc hin kt hp v

phn chia phn tp v m. DRNC khng thc hin x l s liu trong

lp kt ni s liu m ch nh tuyn s liu gia cc giao din Iubv Iur.

Mt UE c th khng c hoc c mt hay nhiu DRNC.

1.2.2 Node B (Trm gc)

Chc nng chnh ca node B l thc hin x l trn lp vt l ca giao din v

tuyn nh m ha knh, an xen, thch ng tc , tri phN cng thc hin

phn khai thc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn nh iu khin cng sut vng trong.

V phn chc nng n ging nh trm gc ca GSM.

1.2.3 Cc chc nng iu khin ca UTRAN

c th iu khin v qun l cc knh mang v tuyn (RB), UTRAN thc

hin cc chc nng khc ngoi chc nng qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM. Cc

chc nng bao gm:

Pht qung b thng tin h thng.

Thit lp cc knh mang bo hiu v truy cp ngu nhin.

Qun l knh mang v tuyn (RB).

Cc chc nng an ton trong mng UTRAN.

Qun l di ng lp UTRAN.

X l c s d liu.

nh v thu bao.

1.3 Cu trc mng li theo tiu chun 3GPP R99

3GPP R99 l h tiu chun UMTS u tin, trong th hin mt h thng

truy cp v tuyn bng rng vi mng li (CN) c nng cp t GSM. Mng li

s dng h tng GSM v phn m rng GPRS s dng cho cc dch v gi.

Mng li c chia thnh hai khi chc nng: khi chc nng chuyn mch knh

CS v khi chc nng chuyn mch gi PS.

Khi chc nng chuyn mch knh (CN CS) gm hai phn t mng c bn:

- Trung tm chuyn mch di ng (MSC/VLR).


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- Trung tm chuyn mch di ng cng (GMSC).

MSC/VLR chu trch nhim cho cc hot ng qun l kt ni chuyn mch

knh, qun l di ng nh: cp nht v tr, tm gi v cc chc nng bo mt.

Ngoi ra cn cha cc b chuyn m, y l im khc bit so vi h thng GSM

truyn thng.

GMSC ph trch kt ni vi cc mng bn ngoi, thit lp ng kt ni n

cc MSC/VLR ang phc v m ti c th tm thy thu bao cn tm

Hnh 1.7: Cu trc mng li theo tiu chun 3GPP R99

Khi chc nng chuyn mch gi (CN PS) gm hai phn t mng c bn

- Nt h tr GPRS phc v (SGSN)

- Nt h tr GPRS cng (GGSN)

SGSN h tr thng tin chuyn mch gi ti mng truy cp v tuyn. Chc

nng ch yu ca SGSN lin quan n vic qun l di ng: cp nht khu vc

nh tuyn, ng k v tr, tm gi v iu khin c ch bo mt trong chuyn

mch gi.GGSN duy tr kt ni ti cc mng chuyn mch gi khc nh mng Internet,

thc hin qun l phin.

Khi thanh ghi cha thng tin a ch v nhn thc cho c CS v PS bao gm:

- Thanh ghi thng tr (HLR): cha cc d liu c nh v thu bao.

- Trung tm nhn thc (AuC): l c s d liu to ra cc vect nhn thc.

- Thanh ghi ch th thit b (EIR): duy tr cc thng tin ch th lin quan nphn cng ca UE.

Mn

Mn

g


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Ngoi cc thanh ghi trong khi thanh ghi, cn c thm thanh ghi tm tr

(VLR), c coi nh l mt phn chc nng ca MSC phc v. VLR tham gia

vo cc th tc nh: cp nht v tr, tm gi v cc hot ng bo mt.

1.4 Cu trc phn lp ca WCDMA

Hnh 1.8: Cu trc phn lp ca mng WCDMA

Cu trc phn lp ca WCDMA c xy dng trn c s cc tiu chun ca

UMTS.

Cc giao thc gia cc phn t trong mng WCDMA c chia thnh hai phn

chnh: tng khng truy nhp v tng truy nhp. Giao din v tuyn c phn

thnh 3 lp giao thc:

- Lp vt l (L1).

- Lp kt ni s liu (L2).

- Lp mng (L3).

Hnh 1.9: Cu trc giao thc giao din v tuyn

UTRAN Mng liUE

Tng truy cp

IuRadio

GC Nt DC GC Nt DC

Network

Knh mang truy cp v tuyn

Knh mang v tuy nbo hiu

Knh lgic

Knh truy nti

Knh vtl

handset


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Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin

truy cp mi trng) v RLC (Radio Link Control: iu khin kt ni v tuyn),

PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol: giao thc hi t s liu gi) v BMC

(Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/a phng).

Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai phn: phn iu khin (C) v phn ngi s

dng (U). PDCP v BMC ch c phn U.

Cc th tc giao din v tuyn thc hin chc nng thit lp, duy tr v gii

phng kt ni v tuyn trong mng UTRA. Chng thc hin cc chc nng ca

cc lp1-3 trong m hnh OSI tng ng.

Lp cao nht l lp iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn RRC tng ng vi lp

mng. Giao din gia cc lp v cc phn lp c thc hin thng qua cc im

truy cp dch v (SAP). Cc knh truyn dn c truyn qua cc im truy cp

dch v gia lp vt l v phn lp iu khin truy cp trung gian (MAC) thc

hin vic giao tip gia lp vt l v lp lin kt d liu (L2). Cc knh lgic thc

hin giao tip trong L2 gia cc phn lp MAC v RLC. Cn cc knh vt l c

truyn bn trong lp vt l.

1.5 Giao din v tuyn

Cu trc UMTS khng nh ngha chi tit chc nng bn trong ca phn t

mng m ch nh ngha giao din gia cc phn t lgic. Cu trc giao din c

xy dng trn nguyn tc l cc lp v cc phn cao c lp lgic vi nhau, iu

ny cho php thay i mt phn ca cu trc giao thc trong khi vn gi nguyn

cc phn cn li.


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Hnh 1.10:M hnh giao thc tng qut cho cc giao din UTRAN

1.5.1 Giao din UTRAN CN (Iu)

Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN vi CN. Iu l mt giao dinm chia h thng

thnh UTRAN c th v CN, Cn chu trch nhim chuyn mch, inh tuyn viu khin dch v. Iu c th c hai trng hp khc nhau:

- Iu CS (Iu chuyn mch knh): kt ni UTRAN vi CN chuyn mch

knh.

- Iu PS (Iu chuyn mch gi): kt ni UTRAN vi CN chuyn mch

gi.

1.5.2 Giao din RNC RNC (Iur)

Iur l giao din v tuyn gia cc b iu khin mng v tuyn. Lc u giaodin ny c thit k h tr chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, trong qu trnh

pht trin tiu chun nhiu tnh nng c b sung v n nay giao din Iur

phi m bo 4 chc nng sau :

- H tr tnh di ng c s gia cc RNC.

- H tr knh lu lng ring.

- H tr knh lu lng chung.

- H tr qun l ti nguyn v tuyn ton cu.

1.5.3 Giao din RNC Node B (Iub)

Giao thcIub nh ngha cu trc khung v cc th tc iu khin trong bng

cho cc tng kiu knh truyn ti. Cc chc nng chnh ca Iub :

- Chc nng thit lp, b sung, gii phng v ti thit lp mt kt ni v

tuyn u tin ca mt UE v chn im kt cui lu lng.

- Khi to v bo co cc c th cell, node B, kt ni v tuyn.

- X l cc knh ring v knh chung.

- X l kt hp chuyn giao.

- Qun l s c kt ni v tuyn.

1.6 Cc loi knh trong UTRAN


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Hnh 1.11:Cc loi knh trong UTRAN.

1.6.1 Cc knh logic

Cc knh lgic c th c chia thnh hai nhm ch yu: nhm knh iukhin v nhm knh lu lng.

Nhm knh iu khin bao gm:

- Knh iu khin qung b BCCH.

- Knh iu khin tm gi PCCH.

- Knh iu khin dnh ring DCCH.

- Knh iu khin chung CCCH.- Knh iu khin phn chia knh SHCCH.

- Knh iu khin ring cho ODMA ODCCH.

- Knh iu khin chung cho ODMA OCCCH.

Nhm knh lu lng bao gm:

- Knh lu lng dnh ringDTCH.

- Knh lu lng dnh ring cho ODMADTCH.

- Knh lu lng chungCTCH.

1.6.2 Cc knh vt l

Knh vt l tng ng vi mt tn s mang, m v i vi ng ln n cn

tng ng vi gc pha tng i (0 hay /2).

Cc knh vt l ng ln c cho hnh 1.12.

DPDCH: truyn knh truyn dn DCH.


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DPCCH: truyn thng tin iu khin L1 nh: cc bit hoa tiu h tr nh

gi vic xc nh knh trong qu trnh pht hin tng quan, cc lnh iu khin

cng sut pht-TPC, thng tin phn hi-FBI, v mt b ch th kt hp nh dng

truyn dn TFCI.

PRACH: mang thng tin ca knh giao vn RACH.

PCPCH:mang thng tin ca knh giao vn CPCH.

Hnh 1.12:Cc knh vt l ng ln

ng xung ch c mt knh vt l ring duy nht: knh vt l ring ng

xung (downlink DPCH). Cc knh vt l ng xung c cho hnh 1.13.

Hnh 1.13: Cc knh vt l ng xung

1.6.3 Cc knh truyn ti

Trong UTRAN s liu c to ra cc lp cao c truyn ti trn ng v

tuyn bi cc knh truyn ti bng cch sp xp cc knh ny ln cc knh vt l

khc nhau. Lp vt l c yu cu h tr cc knh truyn ti vi cc tc bit

thay i nhm cung cp cc dch v vi rng bng tn theo yu cu v ghp

nhiu dch v trn cng mt kt ni.

C hai kiu knh truyn ti: Cc knh ring v cc knh chung. im khc

nhau gia chng l: Knh chung l ti nguyn c chia s cho tt c hoc mt


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nhm ngi s dng trong cell, cn ti nguyn knh ring c n nh bi mt

m v mt tn s nht nh dnh ring cho mt ngi s dng duy nht.

1.6.3.1 Knh truyn ti ring

Knh truyn ti ring duy nht l knh ring (vit tt DCH : DedicatedChannel). Knh truyn ti ring mang thng tin t cc lp trn lp vt l ring cho

mt ngi s dng, bao gm s liu cho dch v hin thi cng nh thng tin iu

khin lp cao.

Knh truyn ti ring c c trng bi cc tnh nng nh: iu khin cng

sut nhanh, thay i tc s liu nhanh theo tng khung v kh nng pht n

mt phn cell hay on cell bng cch thay i hng Anten ca h thng anten

thch ng. Cc knh ring h tr chuyn giao mm.

1.6.3.2 Cc knh truyn ti chung

UTRA nh ngha 6 kiu knh truyn ti chung. Cc knh ny c mt s im

khc vi cc knh trong th h th hai, chng hn truyn dn gi cc knh chung

v mt knh dng chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Cc knh chung khng

c chuyn giao mm, nhng mt s knh c iu khin cng sut nhanh.

- Knh qung b

Knh qung b (BCH: Broadcast Channel) l mt knh truyn ti c sdng pht cc thng tin c th UTRAN hoc cell. V thit b ngi s dng

UE (User Equipment) ch c th ng k n cell ny nu n c th gii m knh

qung b, nn cn pht knh ny cng sut kh cao mng c th t n tt c

mi ngi s dng trong vng ph yu cu.

- Knh truy cp ng xung (hng i)

Knh truy cp ng xung (FACH: Forward Access Channel) l mt knh

truyn ti ng xung mang thng tin iu khin n cc UE nm trong mt cellcho trc, chng hn sau khi BS thu c mt bn tin truy cp ngu nhin. Knh

truyn dn ng xung truyn thng tin iu khin ti trm di ng khi h thng

bit c vic nh v cell ca trm di ng.

- Knh tm gi

Knh tm gi (PCH: Paging Channel) l mt knh truyn ti ng xung

thng c truyn trn ton b cell, c dng truyn thng tin iu khin ti

trm di ng khi h thng khng bit v tr cell ca trm di ng. N mang s liulin quan n th tc tm gi, chng hn khi mng mun khi u thng tin vi


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UE. UE phi c kh nng thu c thng tin tm gi trong ton b vng ph ca

cell.

- Knh truy cp ngu nhin

Knh truy cp ngu nhin (RACH: Random Access Channel) l knh truynti ng ln, thng thu c t ton b cell, thc hin truyn thng tin iu

khin t trm di ng. N c s dng mang thng tin iu khin t UE nh:

yu cu thit lp mt kt ni.

- Knh gi chung ng ln

Knh gi chung ng ln (CPCH: Common Packet Channel) l mt m rng

ca knh RACH mang s liu ca ngi s dng c pht theo gi trn

ng ln. FACH ng xung cng vi knh ny to nn cp knh truyns liu.

Hnh 1.14: Knh truyn ti ng ln v ng xung.

- Knh ng xung dng chung

Knh ng xung dng chung (DSCH: Dedicated Shared Channel) l knh

truyn ti mang thng tin ca ngi s dng v/hoc thng tin iu khin.

Nhiu ngi s dng c th dng chung knh ny. Xt v nhiu mt n ging nh

knh truy cp ng xung, nhng knh dng chung h tr s dng iu khin

cng sut nhanh cng nh tc bit thay i theo khung. FDD, n c kthp vi mt hoc vi knh DCH ng xung. N c th c truyn trn ton b

cell hoc ch trn mt phn cell ang s dng, v d cc anten dng bp.

- Cc knh truyn ti cn thit

Cc knh truyn ti chung cn thit cho vic hot ng cn bn ca mng l:

RACH, FACH v PCH, cn vic s dng DSCH v CPCH l la chn v c th

c quyt nh bi mng.

BS


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Quy hoch mng vtuyn WCDMA Trang 18

Chng 2: Tng quan v quy hoch mng v tuyn WCDMA

Chng 2

TNG QUAN V QUY HOCH MNG

V TUYN WCDMA2.1 Nguyn l chung

Qu trnh quy hoch mng v tuyn c tin hnh trn c s yu cu ca cc

thng sc thit lp v l cng vic phc tp nht trong vic quy hoch mng.

Cng vic quy hocha mng v tuyn bao gm: nh c mng, quy hoch lu

lng & vng ph chi tit v ti u mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng

c ch ra trong hnh v 2.1.

Trong pha quy hoch ban u (nh c mng) cung cp mt s nh gi ban

u nhanh nht v kch c ca mng v dung lng ca cc thnh phn. nh c

mng phi thc hin c cc yu cu ca nh khai thc v vng ph, dung lng

v cht lng dch v. Trong pha quy hoch chi tit, mt site nh c c

x l trn bn s gii hn v mt vt l cc thng s ca mng. Ngoi ra

vic ti u c th c thc hin bng cch iu khin nhiu di dng anten ph

hp, cu hnh site, s chn la v tr, hay t nghing anten. Hn na, cc ch tiu

ca mng c th tin n gn hn cc mc tiu yu cu bng cch s dng b

khuch i MHA (mast head amplifier) hay cc cc loi phn tp.

Khi mng i vo hot ng, c th quan st hiu sut ca h thng qua vic o

c cc thng s v kt qu cc thng s o c s s hin th v ti u ha

mng. Qu trnh quy hoch v ti u ha mng c th thc hin mt cch t ng

bng cch s dng cc cng c thng minh v cc phn t mng. Thng thng

trong giai on trin khai mng ta thy khng th ti u h thng nh lc quy

hoch mng. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn buc phi thay i quy hoch: khng tht Node-B ng v tr, ny sinh cc vn v vng ph v cht lng kt ni v

ti u Cui cng cn phn hi kt qu thng k v o c c trong qu trnh

khai thc mng lin quan n iu chnh quy hoch, m rng vng ph, dung

lng v nhu cu dch v trn c s thc t cho nhm k thut chu trch nhim

thit k


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hiu c qu trnh quy hoch chng ta phi tm hiu v ba yu t tc ng

ti qu trnh quy hoch l:

a) Dung lng

b) Vng ph sngc) Cht lng dch v

Vi mng 3G qu trnh quy hoch v ti u / ti quy hoch l mt qu trnh

lin lc. Khi hon thnh quy hoch dung lng v vng ph sng v mt mn g

c xy dng, nhng thit b u cui c a vo mng v cho php kim sot

hiu sut mng. Qu trnh ny l qu trnh lin tc m bo hiu sut v ti u

ha. Mc ch ca quy hoch mng li l kim sot v ti a ha nh hng ca

ba tham s .

CC CNG VIC QUY HOCH

-Quy hoch vng ph v tuyn- Quy hoch dung lng v tuyn

-nh c RNC v xc nh cc v tr t- Quy hoch mng truyn dn truy nhp- Quy hoch mng truyn dn ng trc

U VO

- D bo s thu bao ti cc khu vc- D bo s dng trn kiu lu lng- Cc vng cn ph- Kiu vng ph- Cc ch tiu cht lng

CC CNG VIC TRIN KHAI

- Trin khai Node-B, RNC- Kt ni Node-B & RNC- Trin khai mng li- Kt ni mng truy nhp - mng li- Kim tra u cui - u cui- Ti u ha- Khai thc v o c hiu nng

Hnh 2.1: Qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai mng WCDMA.

2.2 D bo

D bo l bc u tin v quan trng trong qu trnh quy hoch v trin khai

thnh cng mt h thng thng tin di ng. Ty theo vic quy hoch mng l mi

hay pht trin t nn tng mng hin c m d bo nhu cu dch v c th thchin khc nhau. D bo bao gm:


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D bo nhu cu dch v/thu bao

Mc tiu chnh ca d bo thu bao l nh gi tng s thu bao trong th

trng cn phc v. i vi mng WCDMA c kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v

khc nhau cho tng i tng khc nhau nn cn tin hnh theo tng kiu thu

bao. D bo c th chia thnh cc bc sau:

- Xc nh mc tiu d bo: gm cc mc tiu nh nhu cu dn c, nhu

cu c quan, vng mc tiu (tnh/thnh phhay ton quc), khung kh

dbo (5nm, 10 nm , 15 nm)

- Xc nh sliu cn thu thp: mt in thoi, iu tra dn s, iu tra

vdoanh nghip, mc thu nhp, tc tng trng, quy hoch pht trin

tnh/thnh ph.

- Phn tch xu hng ca nhu cu: xu hng pht trin ca nhu cu i vi

cc dch vphn tch theo cc quan im: mt in thoi, cc c

im ring ca vng v so snh vi cc quc gi khc.

- Phng php d bo: c th thc hin theo mt phng php hoc kt

hp cc phng php. Thngthng c 02 phng php l: dbo theo

chui thi gian v theo m hnh ha.

D bo lu lngD bo lu lng l bc u tin cn thc hin trong qu trnh quy hoch

mng. D bo lu lng c th da trn c s xu th ca cc mng di ng khc

ckhai thc. D bo lu lng bao gm d bo s dng lu lng thoi v

d liu.

D phng cho tng lai

Trong thc t cho thy s pht trin nhanh ca thu bao v cc dch v mi

khin cc nh khai thc mng lun phi i mt vi cc kh khn khng nh. Do vic quy hoch cho tng lai l rt cn thit v rt quan trng trnh vic m

rng thng xuyn, bi v d phng cho php cung cp lu lng b sung trong

trng hp thu bao tng trng nng hay s t bin v lu lng ti mt thi

im.

2.3 Phn tch vng ph sng v tuyn

Nhim v chnh ca phn tch vng ph l lm th no xc nh c: ni

no cn ph sng, kiu ph sng mi vng. Thng thng ta cn ph sng trcht cc khu vc quan trng: Cc khu thng mi, khu cng nghip, vng c mt


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dn c cao. V th cn hiu r mt dn c, phn bit ranh gii cc vng:

thnh ph, ngoi , nng thn, khu thng mi, khu cng nghip, nh

i vi h thng thng tin di ng 3G ngoi cc tiu ch trn, ta cn phi xt

n: cc loi dch v cn cung cp vng ang xt v vng ph sng hiu dng

ca cell s chu nh hng ca tc s liu.

Sau khi nm c yu cu vng ph, tip theo ta tin hnh quy hoch vng

ph thng qua xem xt cc yu t sau: La chn m hnh truyn sng, tnh qu

ng truyn, quy hoch v tr cell. Trong quy hoch v tr cell l bc quan

trng trong vic quy hoch h thng WCDMA bi v n s m bo mi trm thu

pht xy dng s p ng c cc tiu ch cht lng ra, trnh vic xy dng

cc v tr khng mbo.

2.3.1Mc ch ph sng

Qu trnh phn tch vng ph v tuyn l thc hin kho st cc a im cn

ph sng v kiu vng ph cn cung cp cho cc a im ny. Cc loi vng ph

thng thng c xt nh: cc vng thng mi-du lch, cc vng dn s c mt

dn s cao v cc ng cao tc chnh. Do vy cn phi c cc thng tin v cc

vng cn ph sng. Cc thng tin c th da trn bn , cc s liu thng k, d

bo nh: mt dn c (thnh ph, ngoi , nng thn), khu thng mi-du lch,

khu cng nghip

Mc ch ca qu trnh kho st ny bao gm:

m bo cung cp mt dung lng ph hp cho cc vng ny

Bit c c im truyn sng ca vng xc nh mi trng truyn

sng v mi mi trng s c tc ng trc tip n m hnh truyn sng.

Cc thng tin v vng ph s c dng chun b bc quy hoch vng ph

ban u. Thng thng quy hoch vng ph sng WCDMA thng quan tm ncc loi hnh ph sng.


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Bng 2.1 Cc loi hnh ph sng ph bin.

Vng ph sng c im

Dense urban ( th

ng c)

Thng thng l khu vc ng dn c vi nhiu nhcao tng, khu trung tm vi vn phng v cc trung

tm mua sm, gii tr .

Urban ( th)Thng thng y l cc khu vc ng ph v cyxanh xen k mt vi ta nh cao tng, cc ta nhcao tng cch xa nhau

Sub Urban (Ngoi )Khu ngoi vi cc nh vn v cng vin, khungh dng

Rural (nng thn) Khu vc nng thn

Mt yu t na cng nh hng n vng ph sng l xc nh vng ph theo

dch v.Nh bit h thng WCDMA l h thng a truy nhp dch v vi cutrc a knh c th s dng c nhiu dch v. Mt s dch v chnh thng

dng trong h thng truy nhp WCDMA.

Bng 2.2 Cc loi loi dch v chnh ca WCDMA

ng vi mi loi hnh dch v s c bn knh phc v tng ng ph thuc

vo m tri ph, cng sut pht cc i v cht lng dch v yu cu. Ty theo

mi khu vc v d bo nhu cu s dng dch v th s c cc bn knh phc v

khc nhau, chng hn nh hnh di y s m t bn knh ti ca cc loi dch

v (ng trng hp dch v s dng lin tc).

Kiu knh Dch v h trCS 12.2K Voice

CS 64K Video Phone

PS 64K Email, Web

PS 384KEmail, Web ,Video Streaming, Mobil

TV

HSPA Best Effort service


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Hnh 2.2: Vng ph sng ca cell theo cc loi dch v khc nhau

T cc yu cu v vng ph theo nhu cu dch v v kiu vng ph, vn

tip theo trong vic nh c mng l tnh qu ng truyn v tuyn. Qu ng

truyn v tuyn c trng cho tng loi dch v, tc l mi loi dch v yu cu

mt qu ng truyn nht nh m bo p ng cc yu cu t ra.

2.3.2nh hng ca qu ng truyn ln vng ph sng

Qu ng truyn l tng hp tt c li v tn tht t my pht ( khng

gian, cp, ng dn sng, cp quang ) n my thu trong h thng vin thng. N

bao gm s suy gim tn hiu do ng truyn, cng nh li ca anten, ng

cp vo v suy hao do tp m.

Qu ng truyn xc nh v quy nh nng lng, kch thc v v tr cacc t bo, tnh ton lu lng c th nh hng n phm vi ph sng. Qu

ng truyn khc nhau ty theo khi lng d liu c chuyn i. V iu

cui cng l phi ti u ha duy tr che ph mng.

2.3.2.1Qu ng truyn ln

Cc minh ha trong hnh 2.3 cho thy mt s khi ca qu ng truyn

ln. Mi suy hao v li t pha UEphi c a vo tnh ton bao gm suy

hao do qu ng truyn v nh hng ca u con ngi. Ni chung n phthuc vo cc iu kin hot ng v ph thuc vo mi trng v ngi s dng.

Gi tr tiu biu cho mt mt c th l khong 3dB. Tuy nhin, trong 3G thit b

u cui s c vn hnh theo cch khc. Trong 3G, thit b cm tay s c gi

pha trc ca ngi dng do s gim tn tht tn hiu do nh hng ca c

th ngi dng. Mt mt thm nhp cng phi c xem xt, v iu ny s nh

hng n mi trng hot ng. Gi tr thc t c th khc nhau ng k gia

cc mi trng khc nhau v s o l tng cc a phng.


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V d tiu biu s l 15 dB cho mt mi trng trong nh v khong 8 dB cho

mi trng trong xe. li anten UE c tnh ton in hnh l khong 0dBi

mc d c kh nng l mt s thit b u cui c d liu ng ten c a ra cao

hn khong 2 dBi.

2.3.2.2Qu ng truyn xung

n gin ha, suy hao ng truyn ng ln ti a th hin trong hnh

2.3 (b) s bng tng s suy hao t UE v trm gc ( c bt ngun t hnh

2.3(a)), v kt hp nhng suy hao qu ng truyn ln (tc l cc ng ln ti

a chp nhn c suy hao ng truyn nh c hin th pha bn tay tri ca

hnh 2.3 (b)). Bc tip theo l thm gii hn tin cy v hiu chnh c c

cng sut ng xung. Cc yu t ng xung thm cc mt mt v li t

cc trm gc (hin th pha bn phi ca hnh 2.3), c th tnh ton nhythu ca UE. y l mc tn hiu cn thit ti u vo b thu, tn hiu ny tho

mn Eb / No yu cu. Mt nhn t hot ng phi c thm vo nu i hi

nhy b thu thc t, cung cp kt qu thc t hn. Cng sut tp m pha thu

ch yu l tp m nhit.

Tp m nhit ch c th c gim thc s khi lm mt my thu, nhng iu

ny l khng kh thi. V vy, cch duy nht gim mc tp ml bng cch

chn mt b thu vi thng s tp m thp.Kt qu cui cng ca trn, nh trong hnh 2.3 (a v b), l cng sut ra t ng

ten s tc ng vo lng RF truyn t ng ten v mc ph sng trn din tch

yu cu:

Cng sut tp m thu = Mt tp m thu + Tc thng tin (2.1)

Vi :

Mt tp m thu = Mt tp m nhit + mc nhn tp m (2.2)


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Hnh 2.3: Qu ng truyn (a:ng ln) v (b: ng xung)


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2.3.2.3Tnh ton qu ng truyn

Cng ging nh cc h thng thng tin di ng t bo khc, qu ng truyn

trong h thng WCDMA dng tnh ton suy hao ng truyn cho php ln

nht tnh ton vng ph (tnh bn knh cell) ca mt trm gc v trm di ng.

Cc thnh phn tnh suy hao cho php ln nht ca tn hiu t trm pht n

trm thu gi l qu ng truyn. Qu ng truyn tng qut cho c ng ln

v ng xung bao gm cc thnh phn sau:

(a) Cng sut my pht (dBm)

(a1) Cng sut my pht trung bnh trn mt knh lu lng TCH(dBm): l gi tr

trung bnh ca cng sut pht tng trn mt chu trnh truyn dn vi cng sut

pht cc i lc bt u pht.

(a2) Cng sut my pht cc i trn mt knh lu lng (dBm): cng sut tng

cng ti u ra ca my pht cho mt knh lu lng n.

(a3) Cng sut my pht tng cng cc i (dBm):tng cng sut pht cc i

ca tt c cc knh.

(b) Tn hao do ghp, gic cm v do cp(my pht) (dB) suy hao tng cng

ca tt c cc thnh phn ca h thng truyn dn gia u ra ca my pht v u

vo anten.(c) li anten pht (dBi) tng ch cc i ca anten pht trong mt phng

ngang (xc nh theo dB so vi mt vt pht x ng hng).

(d) EIRP ca my pht (dBm)

(d1) EIRP ca my pht trn mt knh lu lng (dBm) : tng cngsut u ra

my pht cho mt knh (dBm), cc suy hao do h thng truyn dn ( -dB) v tng

ch anten my pht (dBi) theo hng bc x cc i.

(d2). EIRP ca my pht:tng ca cng sut my pht ca tt c cc knh (dBm),cc suy hao do h thng truyn dn (-dB), v tng ch anten pht (dBi).

(e). li anten thu (dBi)tng ch ti a ca anten thu trong mt phng ngang;

n c xc nh theo dB so vi mt vt pht x ng hng.

(f). Tn hao do b chia, u ni v do cp (My thu) (dB) bao gm cc tn hao

ca tt c cc thnh phn trong h thng truyn dn gia u ra ca anten thu v

u vo ca my thu .


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(g). H s tp m my thu (dB)h s tp m ca h thng thu ti u vo my

thu.

(h) (H). Mt to m nhit, N0(dBm/Hz): cng sut tp m trn mt Hz ti u

vo my thu. Lu rng (h) l n v logarit cn (H) l theo n v tuyn tnh.

(i) (I). Mt nhiu my thu I0(dBm/Hz)cng sut nhiu trn mt Hz ti u

vo my thu. N tng ng vi t s cng sut nhiu trong di trn rng bng

tn. Lu (i) l theo n v logarit v (I) theo n v tuyn tnh. Mt nhiu

my thu I0i vi ng xung l cng sut nhiu trn mt Hz ti my thu MS

bin gii vng ph sng, trong mt cell pha trong.

(j) Mt tp m nhiu hiu dng tng cng (dBm/Hz)tng logarit ca mt

tp m my thu v h s tp m my thu cng s hc vi mt nhiu my thu.

(k). Tc thng tin (10log10(Rb)) (dBHz) tc bit ca knh theo (dBHz); vic

la chn Rbphi ph hp vi cc gi thit Eb.

(l) T s Eb/(N0+I0) yu cu (dB) t s gia nng lng thu c ca mt bt

thng tin trn mt cng sut nhiu v tp m hiu dng cn thit tho mn

c cc mc tiu v cht lng.

(m). nhy my thu (j+k+l) (dBm) mc tn hiu cn t c ti u vo my

thu c c t s Eb/(N0+I0) yu cu.(n) li/ Suy hao chuyn giao (dB) li/suy hao () do vic chuyn giao

duy tr tin cy c th ti bin gii cell.

(o) Tng ch ( li) phn tp (dB) tng ch hiu dng t c nh s dng cc

k thut phn tp. Nu tng ch phn tp c gp trong Eb/(N0+I0), th n s

khng c a thm y.

(o)Cc li khc (dB)cc li ph, v d nh a truy nhp phn tp theo

khng gian c th to thm tng ch anten.

(p) d tr phadinh chun Log (dB)c xc inh ti bin gii cell i vi

cc cell ring l ng vi d tr yu cu cung cp xc sut ph sng xc nh

trn cc cell ring l.

(q). Suy hao ng truyn ti a (dB)suy hao ti a cho php my thu c

th thu c tn hiu t my pht ti bin gii cell:

Suy hao ti a = d1m+(e-f)+o+o+n-p


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(r). Bn knh ti a, Rmax(km) c tnh ton cho mi hon cnh trin khai, n

c xc nh bng bn knh ng vi suy hao ti a.

Trong WCDMA, c mt s cc thng s c bit trong qu ng truyn m

khng c s dng trong h thng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM, l:

d tr nhiu: d tr nhiu l mt hm s ca tng cng ti trong cell.

Ti ca cell v h s ti tc ng nn vng ph, nn cn phi c d tr nhiu.

Nu cho php ti trong h thng cng ln, d tr nhiu cn thit cho ng ln

cng ln v vng ph cng nh. Gi tr ti tng cng c nh hng trc tip n

vng ph cell v v th m nh hng gin tip n cht lng ca cc dch v.

Quan h gia h s ti v d tr nhiu nh sau:

1010*log (1 )IM

(2.3)

d tr Fading chm v li chuyn giao mm: Chuyn giao mm hay

ng cung cp mt li chng li Fading chm bng cch gim d tr Fading

chun log yu cu. Do trn thc t Fading chm mt phn khngtng quan gia

cc cell v bng cch thc hin chuyn giao, my di ng c th chn la mt lin

kt thng tin tt hn. Hn na, chuyn giao mm em li mt li phn tp b

sung chng li Fading nhanh bng cch gim Eb/N0tu theo lin kt v tuyn n

do tc dng ca vic kt hp phn tp macro.Thng thng trong cc h thng WCDMA, th SFM c gi tr v nh hng

n hiu sut vng ph nh sau:

Bng 2.3 Gi tr SFM thng dng

Vng thi

ln th Ngoi

Nngthn

Hiu sut ph sng 95% 95% 90% 90%

Shadow fading Margin,dB 6 6,06 4,1 3,8

d tr Fading nhanh (khong h iu khin cng sut): Mt s khong h

cn cho cng sut pht ca trm di ng duy tr vic iu khin cng sut hp

l. Thng s ny c p dng mt cch c bit cho MS di chuyn chm m ti

iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b Fading nhanh mt cch hiu qu.

Ngoi cc yu t anten nh hng n qu cng sut ng truyn nh suy

hao, li, cng sut pht Th cn thng s cn quan tm chnh l cao anten.

Thng thng khi thc hin lp t h thng WCDMA t h thng 2G hin c th


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anten thng c lp t chung vi ct anten ca h thng 2G, vi c s h tng

hin c ca cc mng di ng ti Vit Nam th cao anten ca h thng mi theo

loi vng ph s c gi tr nh sau:

Bng 2.4 Thng s cao anten theo vngph sng

Loi vng ph cao Anten

Thnh ph ln 25~30 m

Thnh ph va v nh 30~35 m

Ngoi 35~40 m

Bng 2.5cho thy mt mu ca qu ng truyn, tng s cc suy hao ng

truyn ln v xung.

Bng 2.5 Cc thng s qu ng truyn

Thng s ng xung ng ln n v

(a1) Cng sut trung bnh TX/TCH 30 24 dBm

(b) Cp, u ni, v b kt hp 2 0 dB

(c) li anten pht 13 0 dBi

(d1) TX EIRP/TCH a - b + c 41.0 24.0 dBm

(e) li anten thu 0 13 dB

(f) Cp, u ni, v tn hao do b chia timy thu

0 2 dB

(g) H s tp m my thu 5 5 dB

(h) Mt tp m nhit -174 -174 dBm/Hz

(i) Mt nhiu my thu -1000 -1000 dBm/Hz

(j) Nhiu tng + mt nhiu (g + h + i) -169 -169 dBm

Tc thng tin (Rb) 8 8 kHz

(k) 10 log(Rb) 39.03 39.03 dBHz(l) Eb/(No + Io) yu cu 8 6.6 dB

(m) nhy nhy my thu (j + j + l) -122.0 -123.4 dBm

(n) li/suy hao chuyn giao 5 5 dB

(o) li khc 0 0 dB

(p) d tr phadinh chun Log 11.3 11.3 dB

(q) Suy hao ng truyn ti a 153.67 149.07 dB

(r) Bn knh ti a 4.84 3.61 km


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Sau y s a ra cc v d v qu lin kt cho cc dch v UMTS in hnh:

dch v thoi 12.2kbps s dng b m ho, gii m thoi a tc thch nghi

AMR, dch v d liu thi gian thc 144 kbps v dch v d liu phi thi gian

thc 384kbps trong mi trng t bo macro th vi mc tng nhiu ng ln

l 3dB. d tr nhiu 3dB c s dng cho mc tng cng sut ng ln.Cc gi nh trong qu ng truyn ca cc b thu v pht c ch ra trong

bng sau.

Bng 2.6 Gi nh qu ng truyn ca my di ng

u cui thoi u cui d liuCng sut pht ln nht 21dBm 24 dBmTng ch anten 0dBi 2dBiSuy hao c th 3dB 0dB

Bng 2.7 Gi nh v qu ng truyn ca trm gc

Nhiu 5dBTng ch ca Anten 18 dBi (trm gc 3 sector)Eb/N0yu cu Thoi : 5.0dB

D liu thi gian thc 144 kbps: 2.5 dBD liu phi thi gian thc 384kbps: 1.0 dB

Suy hao cp 2.0 dB

Qu ng truyn trong bng 2.8 c tnh ton cho tc thoi 12.2 kbpsi vi ngi s dng trong xe bao gm suy hao trong xe l 8.0dB. Trng hp

ny khng s dng d tr phadinh bi v ti tc 120kbps iu khin cng

sut nhanh khng th b phadinh. Gi s Eb/N0yu cu l 5.0dB. Eb/N0yu cu

tu thuc vo tc bit, dch v v hin trng a ng, tc di ng, cc thut

ton b thu v cu trc anten trm gc. i vi my di ng tc thp, Eb/N0

yu cu thp nhng li i hi d tr phainh nhanh.


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Bng 2.8 Qu ng truyn tham kho cho dch v thoi 12.2 kbps a tc

(120km/h, ngi s dng trong xe t, knh Verhicular A vi chuyn giao

mm).

Dch v thoi 12.2kbps (120 km/h, trong xe hi)Trm pht (my di ng)

Cng sut pht ln nht ca MS [W] 0.125Cng sut pht ln nht ca MS [dBm] 21.0 a tng ch ca anten MS [dBi] 0.0 bSuy hao c th [dB] 3.0 cCng sut bc x ng hng tng ng(EIRP) [dBm]

18.0 d =a+b-c

Trm thu (Trm gc)Mt tp m nhit [dBm/Hz] -174.0 e

Dng nhiu b thu trm gc [dB] 5.0 fMt tp m b thu [dBm/Hz] -169.0 g=e+fCng sut tp m b thu [dBm] -103.2 h=g+10*log(3840000) d tr nhiu [dB] 3.0 iTp m hiu dng tng cng + nhiu [dBm] -100.2 j =h+i li x l [dB] 25.0 k=10*log (3840/12.2)Eb/N0yu cu [dB] 5.0 l nhy thu [dBm] -120.2 m =l-k+j tng ch anten trm gc [dBi] 18.0 n

Suy hao cp bn trong trm gc [dB] 2.0 o d tr phadinh nhanh [dB] 0.0 pSuy hao ng truyn ln nht [dB] 154.2 q = d - m + n - o - p

Cc thnh phn khc d tr phadinh normal log [dB] 7.3 r li chuyn giao mm [dB], nhiu cell 3.0 sSuy hao do trong xe [dB] 8.0 tSuy hao truyn sng c php i vi phmvi ca cell [dB]

141.9 u = q - r + s-t

Bng 2-9 ch ra qu ng truyn cho cc dch v thi gian thc 144kbps khixc sut v tr bn trong nh l 80% c cung cp bi cc trm gc ngoi tri.

Bng 2-9 ch ra rng qu ng truyn ca dch v d liu thi gian thc 144

kbps ch khc vi dch v thoi 12.2 kbps v li x l, cng sut pht my di

ng cao hn, v Eb/N0yu cu thp hn. Hn na, khong h l 4.0dB c d

tr cho iu khin cng sut nhanh c th b cho phadinh ti tc 3km/h. Gi s

suy hao thm nhp to nh bnh qunl 15dB.


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Bng 2.9 Qu ng truyn ca cc dch v thi gian thc tc 144kbps

(vn tc di ng 2km/h, ngi s dng trong nh c phc v bi BS ngoi

tri, knh Vehicular A, vi chuyn giao mm)

Dch v d liu 144kbpsTrm pht (my di ng)

Cng sut phtln nht ca MS [W] 0.25Cng sut pht ln nht ca MS [dBm] 24.0 a tng ch ca anten MS [dBi] 2.0 BSuy hao c th [dB] 0.0 CCng sut bc x ng hng tng ng(EIRP) [dBm]

26.0 d =a+b-c

Trm thu (Trm gc)Mt tp m nhit [dBm/Hz] -174.0 E

Dng nhiu b thu trm gc [dB] 5.0 FMt tp m b thu [dBm/Hz] -169.0 g=e+fCng sut tp m b thu [dBm] -103.2 h=g+10*log(3840000) d tr nhiu [dB] 3.0 ITp m hiu dng tng cng + nhiu [dBm] -100.2 j =h+i li x l [dB] 14.3 k=10*log (3840/144)Eb/N0yu cu [dB] 2.5 L nhy thu [dBm] -113.0 m =l-k+j tng ch anten trm gc [dBi] 18.0 N

Suy hao cp bn trong trm gc [dB] 2.0 O d tr phadinh nhanh [dB] 4.0 PSuy hao ng truyn ln nht [dB] 151.0 q = d - m + n - op

Cc thnh phn khc d tr phadinh normal log [dB] 4.2 R li chuyn giao mm [dB], nhiu cell 2.0 SSuy hao do trong xe , trong nha [dB] 15.0 TSuy hao truyn sng c php i viphm vi ca cell [dB]

133.8 u= q - r + s-t

Gi tr q a ra suy hao ng truyn ln nht gia anten my di ng v trmgc. d tr b sung rv t cn m bo cho vng ph indoor vi s c mt

ca vt che khut. S che khut gy ra bi cc to nh, qu i v c m

hnh ho bi phainh chun log. Gi trudng tnh ton kch c cell.


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Bng 2.10 Qu ng truyn tham kho ca dch v d liu phi thi gian thc

384 kbps (3km/h, ngi s dng ngoi tri, knh Vehicular A, khng chuyn

giao mm).

Dch v d liu phi thi gian thc 384 kbpsTrm pht (my di ng)

Cng sut pht ln nht ca MS [W] 0.25Cng sut pht ln nht ca MS [dBm] 24.0 a tng ch ca anten MS [dBi] 2.0 bSuy hao c th [dB] 0.0 cCng sut bc x ng hng tng ng(EIRP) [dBm]

26.0 d =a+b-c

Trm thu (Trm gc)Mt tp m nhit [dBm/Hz] -174.0 e

Dng nhiu b thu trm gc [dB] 5.0 fMt tp m b thu [dBm/Hz] -169.0 g=e+fCng sut tp m b thu [dBm] -103.2 h=g+10*log(3840000) d tr nhiu [dB] 3.0 iTp m hiu dng tng cng + nhiu [dBm] -100.2 j =h+i li x l [dB] 10.0 k=10*log (3840/384)Eb/N0yu cu [dB] 1.0 l nhy thu [dBm] -109.2 m =l-k+j tng ch anten trm gc [dBi] 18.0 n

Suy hao cp bn trong trm gc [dB] 2.0 o d tr phadinh nhanh [dB] 4.0 pSuy hao ng truyn ln nht [dB] 147.2 q = d - m + n - o - p

Cc thnh phn khc d tr phadinh normal log [dB] 7.3 r li chuyn giao mm [dB], nhiu cell 0.0 sSuy hao do trong xe [dB] 0.0 tSuy hao truyn sng

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