rahul gupta microcontroller 8051
TRANSCRIPT
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Saturday, July 17, 2010Saturday, July 17, 2010 Mahdi HassanpourMahdi Hassanpour
Vacational trainingVacational training
onon
Microcontroller and embededMicrocontroller and embeded
systemsystem
Presented by
Rahul gupta
ET/07/2890
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Contents:Contents:
IntroductionIntroductionBlock Diagram andBlock Diagram and Pin Description of the 8051Pin Description of the 8051
RegistersRegisters
Memory mapping in 8051Memory mapping in 8051
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Why do we need to learnWhy do we need to learn
Microprocessors/controllers?Microprocessors/controllers? The microprocessor is the core of
computer systems.
Nowadays many communication, digitalentertainment, portable devices, arecontrolled by them.
A designer should know what types ofcomponents he needs, ways to reduceproduction costs and product reliable..
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The necessary tools for aThe necessary tools for a
microprocessor/controllermicroprocessor/controller
CPU: Central Processing Unit
I/O: Input /Output
Bus: Address bus & Data bus Memory: RAM & ROM
Timer
Interrupt Serial Port
Parallel Port
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CPU
General-
Purpose
Micro-processor
RAM ROM I/O
Port
TimerSerial
COM
Port
Data Bus
Address Bus
General-Purpose Microprocessor System
Microprocessors:Microprocessors:
CPU for Computers
No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
Example Intels x86, Motorolas 680x0
Many chips on mothers board
General-purpose microprocessor
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RAM ROM
I/O
PortTimer
Serial
COM
PortMicrocontroller
CPU
A smaller computer
On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
ExampleMotorolas 6811, Intels 8051, Zilogs Z8 and PIC 16X
A single chip
Microcontroller :
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Microprocessor
CPU is stand-alone, RAM,
ROM, I/O, timer are separate
designer can decide on theamount of ROM, RAM and
I/O ports.
expansive
versatility
general-purpose
Microcontroller
CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
timer are all on a single chip
fix amount of on-chip ROM,RAM, I/O ports
for applications in which cost,
power and space are critical
single-purpose
Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
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Embedded system means the processor is embedded into that
application.
An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do
one task only.
In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is
typically burned into ROM.
Exampleprinter, keyboard, video game player
Embedded System
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1. meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently and cost
effectively
speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O ports
and timers, size, packaging, power consumption
easy to upgrade
cost per unit
1. availability of software development tools
assemblers, debuggers, C compilers, emulator, simulator,
technical support
1. wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontrollers.
Three criteria in Choosing a Microcontroller
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Block DiagramBlock Diagram
CPU
On-chip
RAM
On-chip
ROM for
program
code
4 I/O Ports
Timer 0
Serial
PortOSC
Interrupt
Control
External interrupts
Timer 1
Timer/Counter
Bus
Control
TxD RxDP0 P1 P2 P3
Address/Data
Counter
Inputs
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Pin Description of the 8051Pin Description of the 8051
1234567
891011121314151617181920
40393837363534
33323130292827262524232221
P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6
P1.7RST(RXD)P3.0(TXD)P3.1
(T0)P3.4(T1)P3.5
XTAL2XTAL1
GND
(INT0)P3.2
(INT1)P3.3
(RD)P3.7(WR)P3.6
VccP0.0(AD0
)P0.1(AD1)P0.2(AD2
)P0.3(AD3)P0.4(AD4)P0.5(AD5)
P0.6(AD6)P0.7(AD7)
EA/VPPALE/PROG
PSENP2.7(A15)P2.6(A14
)P2.5(A13
)P2.4(A12)P2.3(A11
)P2.2(A10)P2.1(A9)P2.0(A8)
8051
(8031)
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Pins of 8051Pins of 8051 1/41/4
Vccpin 40
Vcc provides supply voltage to the chip.
The voltage source is +5V. GNDpin 20 ground
XTAL1 and XTAL2pins 19,18
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Figure (a). XTAL Connection to 8051Figure (a). XTAL Connection to 8051
C2
30pF
C1
30pF
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
Using a quartz crystal oscillator
We can observe the frequency on the XTAL2 pin.
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Pins of 8051Pins of 8051 2/42/4
RSTpin 9 reset
It is an input pin and is active high normally low .
The high pulse must be high at least 2 machine
cycles.
It is a power-on reset.
Upon applying a high pulse to RST, the
microcontroller will reset and all values in registers
will be lost.
Reset values of some 8051 registers
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Figure (b). Power-On RESET CircuitFigure (b). Power-On RESET Circuit
30 pF
30 pF
8.2 K
10 uF
+
Vcc
11.0592 MHz
EA/VPPX1
X2
RST
31
19
18
9
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Pins of 8051Pins of 8051 3/43/4
/EApin 31 external access There is no on-chip ROM in 8031 and 8032 .
The /EA pin is connected to GND to indicate the code is
stored externally.
/PSEN ALE are used for external ROM.
For 8051, /EA pin is connected to Vcc.
/ means active low.
/PSENpin 29program store enable
This is an output pin and is connected to the OE pin of the
ROM.
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Pins of 8051Pins of 8051 4/44/4
ALEpin 30 address latch enable
It is an output pin and is active high.
8051 port 0 provides both address and data.
The ALE pin is used for de-multiplexing the addressand data by connecting to the G pin of the 74LS373latch.
I/O port pins
The four ports P0, P1, P2, and P3.Each port uses 8 pins.
All I/O pins are bi-directional..
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Pins of I/O PortPins of I/O Port
The 8051 has four I/O ports
Port 0 pins 32-39 P0 P0.0 P0.7Port 1pins 1-8 P1 P1.0 P1.7Port 2pins 21-28 P2 P2.0 P2.7Port 3pins 10-17 P3 P3.0 P3.7Each port has 8 pins.
Named P0.X X=0,1,...,7 , P1.X, P2.X, P3.X Ex P0.0 is the bit 0 LSB of P0 Ex P0.7 is the bit 7MSB of P0 These 8 bits form a byte.
Each port can be used as input or output (bi-direction).
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Registers
A
B
R0
R1
R3
R4
R2
R5
R7
R6
DPH DPL
PC
DPTR
PC
Some 8051 16-bit Register
Some 8-bitt Registers of
the 8051
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RAM memory space allocation in the 8051
7FH
30H
2FH
20H
1FH
17H10H
0FH
07H
08H
18H
00HRegister Bank 0
)Stack) Register Bank 1
Register Bank 2
Register Bank 3
Bit-Addressable RAM
Scratch pad RAM
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#include
unsigned int i;
void delay(unsigned int x);void main()
{
while(1)
{
P1=0x01;
for(i=0;i