Research on airliner cabin air filter performance

大型客机座舱空气过滤器性能研究Junjie Liu

Tianjin University

概述 Outline 研究背景 Background 飞机乘员健康的需要 The health of crew and passengers

国家发展战略的需要 The national development strategy

研究方法 Research methods 检测系统的搭建 The test rig building

主要设备的选择 The main equipment

机舱过滤器机舱过滤器检测系统的标定 Qualification of the test rig

研究结果 Research results and discussion 不同风量下的效率 Particle filtration efficiencies as a function of particle size

for various airflow rates

压降和风量的关系 Pressure drop across the cabin filter as a function of airflow rate

容尘对效率、压降的影响。 The influence of dust load on the performance of the airliner cabin air filter

展望 outlook2

研究背景 - 乘客健康的需要Background- The health of crew and

passengers

3

time Cabin return air ratio Problem in the cabin

before the 1960 s 100%fresh air good IAQ

after the 1960 s 50 %fresh air+50 %return air

Mass of passengers and food diffuse high concentration ultrafine particles

passengers cough diffuse much bacterium and virus

large proportion of UFP can enter the airliner cabins at Waiting times

SARS in 2003:8096 catch,774 death

H1N1 in 2009:14286 death

a typical case :in 2003, 22 catch SARS

on a airplane from HK to Beijing

研究背景 - 乘客健康的需要Background- The health of crew and

passengers

4

Nano-particle can enter lung and flood

Nano-particle concentration higher than other place

（姚， 2008）

roadhousing estate

indoor

airport

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n（

p/

cc）

diameter

de

po

sit

ion

total

upper airways

bronchus

lung

downstreamupstream超细颗粒危害大

研究背景 - 国家发展战略的需要Background- The national development

strategy

5

New demand

Replace the existing

keep on or retire

国内空白 gap ：没有自己知识产权的航空滤料material没有相关的评价方法 evaluation methodology没有自己的过滤器适航标准airworthiness standard

研究背景 - 技术瓶颈Background- technique difficulty

过滤材料 material

容尘量 Dusting-holding Capacity

防火阻燃要求 fire prevention

大滤速 high filtration velocity

过滤器结构 structure

抗震 bear shock

评价方法 evaluation methodology

用什么方法来评价航空过滤器 evaluation methodology for airliner cabin air filter

6

研究方法 Research methods

检测系统的搭建 The test rig building

主要设备选择 The main equipment

速度与气溶胶均匀性的标定 air velocity uniformity and aerosol uniformity

0 效率与 100% 效率试验 0% efficiency test and 100% 0efficiency test

稀释器的标定 dilution factors

7

1. 高效过滤器 2. 发尘口 3. 温湿度传感器 4.上游采样口 5. 检查窗 6. 支架 7. 压差传感器8. 均流板 9. 被测过滤器 10. 管道 11. 滑轨支架 12. 下游采样口 13. 检查窗 14. 压差传感器15. 均流板 16. 喷嘴流量计 17. 风机 18. 软连接 19. 滑轨 20. 地面

研究方法 Research methods检测系统的搭建 The test rig building

8

0.E+00

2.E+06

4.E+06

6.E+06

8.E+06

1.E+07

0.1 1 10

浓度（个

/cm

3 ）

粒径（μm）

0.E+00

3.E+05

6.E+05

9.E+05

1.E+06

2.E+06

2.E+06

2.E+06

2.E+06

25 67 109 152 194 236 278 320 362 405 447 489

个/c

m3

粒径（nm）

空气出口

空气进口

流量测量段 风机段下游稳定段测过滤器段上游稳定段

T,¦ Õ1

23 4

8

7

9

12

5

14

15 16

17

116

101813

20 19

研究方法 Research methods主要设备 The main equipment

9

Air velocity meter and manometer

Particle generator

Part

icle

cou

nte

rs

DMA ： 8-1000nm

AC generator

仪器经标定后均满足标准要求

研究方法 Research methods发尘器粒径分布 The diameter distribution

10

0.E+00

3.E+05

6.E+05

9.E+05

1.E+06

2.E+06

2.E+06

2.E+06

2.E+06

25 67 109 152 194 236 278 320 362 405 447 489个

/cm3

粒径（nm）

0.E+00

2.E+06

4.E+06

6.E+06

8.E+06

1.E+07

0.1 1 10

浓度（个/cm

3 ）

粒径（μm）

研究方法 Research methods速度与气溶胶均匀性的标定 air velocity uniformity

and aerosol uniformity

11

✈EN779 要求风速均匀性的偏差系数 <10% ✈ EN779 要求浓度均匀性的偏差系数 <15%

✈颗粒越大波动性越强，均匀性越差

✈EN779 ： velocity uniformity<10% ✈ EN779 ： concentration

uniformity<15%✈颗粒越大波动性越强，均匀性越差larger diameter lead to worse uniformity

研究方法 Research methods0 效率与 100% 效率试验 0% efficiency test and

100% 0efficiency test

12

✈ EN779 ： 0% efficiency test ： d>1μm,±3% d< μm,±7%

✈ EN779 ： 100% efficiency test ： >99%

33000

63000

93000

123000

153000

183000

213000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

浓度（个

/cm3）

时间（min）

发尘稳定性验证

0.02-0.03μm(cv=1.77%)0.03-0.05μm(cv=2.64%)0.05-0.07μm(cv=3.89%)0.07-1μm(cv=3.8%)

Aerosol stable

C

t-1.0%

-0.5%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

第一次试验 第二次试验 第三次试验

效率

0效率的验证

>1μm

<1μm

0% efficiency test

effi

cie

nc

y

98.8%99.0%99.2%99.4%99.6%99.8%

100.0%

0 100 200 300

效率

粒径（nm）

100%效率验证100% 0efficiency test

effi

cie

nc

y

d

研究方法 Research methods稀释器的标定 dilution factors

13

Q

Q2

Q1

S2

S1

绝对过滤器

毛细管Q

The principle of the dilution

di l ut i on f actors

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

di ameter/ nmdi

luti

on f

acto

rs

研究结果 Research results and discussion不同风量下的效率 Particle filtration efficiencies as a function of particle size for various airflow rates

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Larger flow lead lower η

Airflow rate affect UFP concentration in cabin

η demonstrated a “U” shape.

MPPS decrease with the increase of airflow.

MPPS occur at 150nm for filter A ， and 55 for B

H11

F7

研究结果 Research results and discussion效率和风量的关系 The relationship between filtration efficiency

and airflow rate for different particle diameter ranges

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效率随风量增大而减小 For both the filters, the filtration efficiency all reduce with the increase of airflow rate

MPPS 粒径范围内减小最快 the greatest filtration efficiency reduction occurred at the MPPS range (100-250 nm for Filter A; <100 nm for Filter B)

研究结果 Research results and discussion压降和风量的关系 Pressure drop across the cabin filter

as a function of airflow rate

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压降随风量增大而增大 The ΔP increases in response to the increased airflow rate for both of the test filters.

As the airflow rate increases from 1000 to 2200 m3 h-1, the increases of ΔP across Filter A and B were 100 Pa and 250 Pa, respectively.

大风量有利于舱内气流组织，但能耗大 Larger Q is good for the air distribution in the cabin, while the energy consumption is larger.

研究结果 Research results and discussion使用时间与容尘量的关系 Estimated filter usage as a function of loaded dust mass under various in-cabin

particle concentrations

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估计不同舱内浓度水平下使用时间与容尘量的关系。 Estimated filter usage as a function of loaded dust mass under various in-cabin particle concentrations

)/( QCPT

使用时间与容尘的量成正比 the estimated filter usage is proportional to the mass of loaded dust

实验容尘与实际情况有一定的差异 the particle loading on the filter is faster than the slow dust loading characteristic under the typical flying condition

差异的评估 Estimate the difference ？

研究结果 Research results and discussion不同容尘阶段的效率 Filtration efficiencies for different

dust load levels

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容尘的量越大，效率越高As the filter was loaded more dust, the filtration efficiency increase.

在 MPPS 处，效率上升最快the largest increases observed at the MPPS

850g 以下，线性变化； 850g以上剧烈变化the filtration efficiency increases linearly as the loaded dust mass rises until 850 g; As the dust load increased from 850 g to 1000 g, the filtration efficiency increased more rapidly.

研究结果 Research results and discussion压降与容尘的量的关系 Pressure drop across the cabin

filter as a function of loaded dust mass on the filter

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容尘的量越大，压降越大。容 1000g尘，压降增大 8 倍。The pressure drop increases approximately 8 times more (~100 Pa to 800 Pa) as 1000 g dust was loaded on the filter.

曲线斜率变大：越容尘，压降增大越快。as the filter was loaded more dust, the pressure drop increases more rapidly

研究结果 Research results and discussion效率、压降与容尘的量的关系 Total filtration efficiencies

and pressure drops as a function of filter usage time

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使用时间越长，效率越高，压降越大。Both filtration efficiency and pressure drop show a more rapid increase when the filter is used longer.

舱内浓度越低，效率、压降变化越平缓。达到同样的压降，使用时间越长。 The lower cabin concentration, the efficiency and pressure drop change more Gentle

展望 outlook

容尘达到多少时，过滤器不能继续使用。 How much dust the filter load ， it’s performance became worse

在机舱内一定颗粒物浓度水平下，航空过滤器容尘量指标如何才能满足使用要求。 under a in-cabin particle concentrations ， the dusting-holding capacity can meets the needs.

如何在航空过滤器体积、重量有限制，且在大滤速过滤条件下，过滤器能够满足性能要求。 How can the filter performance well when the volume and Weight are limited and the filtration velocity is high.

材料如何满足防火阻燃、大滤速要求 how can the Material meets the needs of fire prevention and high filtration velocity

过滤器结构怎样才能实现抗震 how can the filter structure bear shock

航空过滤器评价方法上如何改进。 The improvement of evaluation methodology for airliner cabin air filter

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The end ！

Thanks for your attention!

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