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Respiratory System Respiratory System
Budi Justitia MD Budi Justitia MD
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PernafasanPernafasan
PernapasanPernapasan
hidunghidung nasofaring nasofaring orofaring orofaring hipofaringhipofaringTrakea( Trakea( pita suara)—pita suara)—Bronkus ka/ki -Bronkus ka/ki -bronkiolusbronkiolusductuductus alveolaris s alveolaris saccus alveolaris saccus alveolaris alveolialveoli
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PernafasanPernafasan
Struktur Unit
Nose 1
Trachea 1
Bronchus 2
Bronchioles 18
Alveolar Ducts
500.000
Alveolar Sacs 1.000.000
Alveoli 8.000.000
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PernafasanPernafasan
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Bronchiolus terminalis
Bronchiolus respiratorius
Ductus alveoaris
Saccus alveolaris
alveolus
trachea
Broncus kiri
BRONKIEKTASIS
PPOK
ASMA
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RadiologiRadiologi
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LandmarkLandmark
Anterior, angulus sternal yang menonjol Anterior, angulus sternal yang menonjol tandatanda p pertemuan manubrertemuan manubriium, sternum, um, sternum, dan iga ke 2dan iga ke 2
Posterior, berpedoman CV 7 yang Posterior, berpedoman CV 7 yang menonjol atau sela iga ke 7 tepat menonjol atau sela iga ke 7 tepat dibawah skapula.dibawah skapula.
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LandmarkLandmark
Garis Midsternalis Garis Midsternalis Garis scapularisGaris scapularis Garis midklavGaris midklaviikula (mammiler)kula (mammiler) aksila anterioraksila anterior midaksimidaksillla la aksiaksillla posteriorla posterior Angulus ludovici ialah tempat tulang iga kedua Angulus ludovici ialah tempat tulang iga kedua
melekat pada sternummelekat pada sternum Papila mammae pada pria setinggi sela iga ke 4 dan Papila mammae pada pria setinggi sela iga ke 4 dan
garis medioklavikulagaris medioklavikula
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LandmarkLandmark
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m.scalenus antetior dan medius
Mm.intercosteles
inspirasi
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Ekspirasi
m. Quadratus lumborum
Mm.intercostales
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OTOT – OTOT INSPIRASIOTOT – OTOT INSPIRASI
DiafragmaDiafragma
Interkostal EksternusInterkostal Eksternus
SternokleidomastoideusSternokleidomastoideus
Elevator Skapula dan seratus Elevator Skapula dan seratus AnteriorAnterior
SkalenusSkalenus
Muskulus Erektus Kolumna SpinalisMuskulus Erektus Kolumna Spinalis
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OTOT – OTOT EKSPIRASI
Otot Perut (Otot Utama dari Ekspirasi)
Interkostal InternusSeratus Inferior Posterior
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hati
costa 12
diaphragma
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Neural Control of VentilationNeural Control of Ventilation
MO; VRG; Pacemaker (rhythm & rate)MO; VRG; Pacemaker (rhythm & rate) Somatic motor neurons Somatic motor neurons
Inspiratory musclesInspiratory muscles Blood chemoreceptors(central & Blood chemoreceptors(central &
peripheral): blood acidityperipheral): blood acidity Aortic bodies & carotid bodiesAortic bodies & carotid bodies
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Neural Control of VentilationNeural Control of Ventilation
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kulit
fascia superficialis
m. serratus anterior
m. intercostalis externus
m. Tranversus thoracis
pleura parietalis
cavitas pleuralis
Pleura visceralis
paru - paru
LAPISAN DINDING
DADA KULITSAMPAI DG PARU
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Apical posterior
Anteriomedio-basalsuperior
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Lobes Segment Number Lobes Segment Number
Apical 1 Upper Division
Upper Posterior 2 Apical Posterior 1 & 2
Anterior 3 Anterior 3
Middle Lateral 4 Lower (Lingular)
Medial 5 Upper Superior 4
Superior 6 Interior 5
Lower Medial Basal 7 Superior 6
Anterial Basal 8 Lower Anterior-medial basal 7 & 8
Lateral Basal 9 Lateral Basal 9
Posterior 10 Posterior Basal 10
RIGHT LUNGRIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNGLEFT LUNG
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TB
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MEDIASTINUMMEDIASTINUM1.1. Mediastinum SuperiorMediastinum Superior
Mulai pintu atas rongga dada sampai vertebra torakal ke-5 dan Mulai pintu atas rongga dada sampai vertebra torakal ke-5 dan bagian bawah sternumbagian bawah sternum
2.2. Mediastinum AnteriorMediastinum AnteriorDari garis batas mediastinum superior ke diafragma di depan Dari garis batas mediastinum superior ke diafragma di depan
jantungjantung
3.3. Mediastinum PosteriorMediastinum PosteriorDari garis batas mediastinum superior ke diafragma di belakang Dari garis batas mediastinum superior ke diafragma di belakang
jantungjantung
4.4. Mediastinum Medial (tengah)Mediastinum Medial (tengah)Dari garis batas mediastinum superior ke diafragma di antara Dari garis batas mediastinum superior ke diafragma di antara
meiastinum anterior dan posteriormeiastinum anterior dan posterior
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HILUS
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