rfid basics qed (1)
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Basics of RFID TechnologyBasics of RFID TechnologyBy: Sapna KharwarBy: Sapna Kharwar
Roll n:0809710081Roll n:0809710081
Batch:CS(B2)Batch:CS(B2)
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What is RFID?What is RFID?
RFID is an ADC technology thatuses radio-frequency waves totransfer data between a reader anda movable item to identify,categorize, track...
RFID is fast, reliable, and does notrequire physical sight or contactbetween reader/scanner and thetagged item
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What Constitutes an RFID System?What Constitutes an RFID System?
One or more RF tags
Two or more antennas
One or more interrogators
One or more host computers
Appropriate software
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RFID API Software
(Communicates with the RFID Reader)
Customer-Specific
Application Software
Host Computer
Host Memory Space
Reader
Antenna
Application
Program
Interface
(API)
Application
Program
Interface
(API)
Components of an RFID SystemComponents of an RFID System
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Tag
Insert
Antenna Reader
Firmware
Customers
MIS
Host
Application
Software API
TCP/IP
Power~
Asset
Asset/Tag
RFID System ComponentsRFID System Components(block diagram)(block diagram)
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RFID OperationRFID Operation
Sequence of CommunicationSequence of Communication
Host Manages Reader(s) and Issues Commands
Reader and tag communicate via RF signal
Carrier signal generated by the reader (upon requestfrom the host application)
Carrier signal sent out through the antennas
Carrier signal hits tag(s)
Tag receives and modifies carrier signal
sends back modulated signal (Passive Backscatter - FCCand ITU refer to as field disturbance device)
Antennas receive the modulated signal and send themto the Reader
Reader decodes the data
Results returned to the host application
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What is RFID?What is RFID? ---- The TagsThe Tags
An RFID tag is a microchip combined with anantenna in a compact package; the packaging isstructured to allow the RFID tag to be attached to
an object to be tracked. Tags can be read-only or read-write
Tag memory can be factory or field programmed,partitionable, and optionally permanently locked
Bytes left unlocked can berewritten over more than100,000 times
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Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?
Basic Types:
Active
Tag transmits radio signal
Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry High Read Range (300 feet)
Passive
Tag reflects radio signal from reader
Reader powered Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)
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Variations: Memory
Size (16 bits - 512 kBytes +)
Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam Arbitration (Anti-collision)
Ability to read/write one ormany tags at a time
Frequency 125KHz - 5.8 GHz
Physical Dimensions Thumbnail to Brick sizes
Price ($0.50 to $250)
Are All Tags The Same?Are All Tags The Same?
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Spectrum RegulationSpectrum Regulation
The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is a scarce andshared resource, used nationally and internationally,and subject to a wide range of regulatory oversight. Inthe U.S., the Federal Communications Commission isa key regulatory body that allocates spectrum use andresolves spectrum conflicts. The InternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU) is a specializedagency of the United Nations which plays the same
role internationally.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
ApplicationsApplications
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Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications
Bill of LadingMaterial Tracking
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Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications
Limited number items at forklift speeds
8 X 10 doorways
Electronic receipt & dispatch
Wrong destination alertElectronic marking
Pallet/container item tracking
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
StandardsStandards
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Q.E.D. Systems 2003
ApplicationApplication RequirementsRequirements
Wal-Mart - Suppliers will mark inbound cases and pallets with
RFID - 1 January 2005 - May, 2003 specification calls for 256
bit read/write tag U.S. Department of Defense - Draft RFID policy to be
completed by 18 September 2003 - To issue final policy in July of
2004 that will require suppliers to put passive RFID tags on
selected case/pallet packaging by January of 2005. Draft policy
calls for passive tags (est. 256 byte) and active tags
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Q.E.D. Systems 2003
Advantages of RFID
RFID technology does not require line-of-sight reading. Unlike a bar code, an RFIDtag can be read through other materials .
RFID tags can hold more data than barcodes.
RFID tag data can be changed or added
to as a tag passes through specificoperations.
A large number of RFID tags can be read
almost instantaneously.
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Q.E.D. Systems 2003
Disadvantages of RFID
Cost, Cost, Cost. This is the biggesthurdle to RFID tags replacing bar codesfor item-level tracking of low-costproducts.
RFID programming speed. it takes moretime to print, program, and verify an RFID
enabled label than to simply print a barcode label.
RFID signals may have problems with
some materials. Metals and liquids can
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Thank You!Thank You!