roli i qytetit
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
“ROLI I QYTETIT NE ORGANIZIMIN E
TERRITORIT”
![Page 2: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Qyteti?
• Sipas Max Weber:
“mund te perpiqemi te percaktojme qytetin ne menyra te ndryshme. Te gjitha qytetet kane te perbashket: qe gjithsecili ka nje vendodhje te percaktuar, te pakten relativisht: eshte nje “periferi”, jo nje ose disa banesa te izoluara (…): ai eshte nje “periferi” e madhe (1979).
![Page 3: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
… me pak fjale …
• Qytetet jane vende ne siperfaqen e toksore, ku vihet re me mire se hapsira gjeografike eshte nje realitet artificial, pra nje “produkt” i shoqerise njerzore.
• Njeriu ka riperpunuar ambjentin natyral dhe e ka organizuar ne menyre qe te gjeje ne te, kenaqesine e nevojave te tij.
![Page 4: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Funksioni i qytetit
• Qyteti eshte i tille kur, eshte ne gjendje te organizoje territorin perreth.
• Qytetet jetojne ne mardhenie me nje rajon, nga i cili merr mbeshtetje dhe i ofron te mira dhe sherbime, por sidomos drejt te cilit ushtron fuqine e drejtimit dhe kontrollit.
• Edhe kur “hapsirat urbane” jane rritur pa organizim, funksioni i tyre ishte ai i gjeneratorit te organizimit te hapsirave tokesore.
![Page 5: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Funksioni i qytetit
• Si nje organizem biologjik, rajoni, sa me kompleks eshte, aq me shume ka nevoje te zhvilloje brenda tij, nje aparat nervor qendror per qeverisjen e rritjes dhe funksionimin:
SISTEMIN URBAN
![Page 6: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Rendesia e qytetit varet nga funksionet qe perhap. Me “funksion urban”, kuptojme te gjitha “ato aktivitete te jashtme ose basic dhe te brendshme ose no basic qe qyteti permbush. SHEMBULL: Funksioni politik, kulturor, kreativ dhe novator Funksionet e qytetit kane rreze veprimi te ndryshme per shtrirjen territoriale SHEMBULL: Funksioni politiko-administrativ
![Page 7: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
NIVELITERRITORIAL
FUSHA RREZJA/KM
Mikrorajonal Fqinjesia, lagja, qyteti
0,1-30
Rajonal Komunat 30-150
Makrorajonal Shteti, bashkesia e shteteve, kontinente, planeti
>20.000
NIVELI
![Page 8: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Kulturor Muze, universitete, teater, biblioteka, mass media, gazetaria, festivale, panaire…
Drejtues Komuna, Rajone, ambasada, banka, sigurimet, zyrat…
Produktiv Artizanat, SME, kompani te medha, tregu i punes urban…
Shperndares Trasport, hekurudhe, aeroporte, tregje, shendetsi, turizem dhe kohe e lire, palester, kinema…
LLOJET
![Page 9: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Funksione lokale dhe eksporti
• Shkembimet qe qyteti ka ne brendesi dhe jashte, jo vetem ne anen ekonomike: perveç shkembimeve te rregulluara nga tregu ka edhe shkembime idesh, novacionesh dhe vlerash kulturore, flukse njerzish qe shtyhen nga aktivitete pa perfitim.
• Funksionet lokale, rrezja e te ciles nuk kalon qytetin, per mirembajtjen e riprodhimit te vete qytetit.
• Funksione eksporti, rrezja e veprimit te tyre eshte rajonale, dhe lidhen me diferencen eksport/import te qytetit.
![Page 10: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Per te kuptuar funksionimin e “organizmit kompleks” qe e percaktuam “qytet” mund te
perdoren disa modele teorike
![Page 11: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Teori te zhvillimit urban
Shtrirja e qytetit ne zona funksionale ka krijuar teori te ndryshme, te cilat
perfaqsojne variante te vlefshme te modeleve, per pershkrimin e qytetit
![Page 12: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Qyteti perfshin nje qender sipermarrje, ne literaturen anglo-saksone CBD, e karakterizuar nga :
AKSESIBILITETI VENDOSJA QENDRORE
![Page 13: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
CBD (Central Business District)ose Qendra e Sipermarrjes
• Vlere e larte trualli;
• Shtrirje arteriale;
• Ndertesa te larta;
• Afersi me qendrat historike.
![Page 14: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Ernest Watson Burgess
Modeli i zonave koncentrike Burgess (1925)
![Page 15: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
![Page 16: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Zona 1
• Zona qendrore biznesi (CBD)
• Nivele te ndryshme te ardhurash me zonat periferike
• Zgjerimi i linjave urbane lidhet me kete model se tepermi
16
![Page 17: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ZONA 2
• Karakterizuar nga modele miks, per perdrimin industrial ose rezidencial te truallit
• Shtepi te vogla, apartamente te vogla, terheqin njerzit me te ardhura me te ulta
• Shpesh perfshin kriminele dhe geto racore• Zakonisht quhen zona tranzicioni
17
![Page 18: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ZONA 3
• Zonat e “puntoreve”• Puntore, te vendosur afer fabrikave te zonave 1
& 2• Me stabel se zonat e tranzicionit• Karkaterizohet nga lagje etnike, emigrantesh
18
![Page 19: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ZONA 4
• Shoqeri e klases se mesme, me kushte me te mira
• Shumica kane pune ne zonat CBD
19
![Page 20: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ZONA 5
• Familje te pasura, te mbledhura ne perfieri• Hapsira te medha natyrore dhe shtepish• Te pasurit u spostuan ketu, per te shmangur
heterogjenitetin social, i shkaktuar nga shtrija e zones 4
20
![Page 21: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Modeli i zhvillimit ne sektoreHomer Hoyt (1939)
![Page 22: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
![Page 23: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Edward Louis Ullman
Modeli me shume berthamaHarris & Ullman (1945)
Chauncy Dennison Harris
![Page 24: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Prof. Carmelo M. Porto 24
![Page 25: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Prof. Carmelo M. Porto 25
![Page 26: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
KRITERI FUNKSIONALIST
Analiza funksionale, na lejon percaktimin e raporteve qe ka qyteti me rrethinat e aferta dhe me
pjesen tjeter te botes
![Page 27: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Walter Christaller (1933)
![Page 28: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Zonat qendroreZonat qendrore• Christaller, duke i aplikuar rrjeteve te qyteteve
“ligjet e ekonomise”, te ndryshuara nga teoria neoklasike e ekuilibrit te tregut, ne kushte konkurrence perfekte, me rrjedhoje krijimin e “zonave qendrore”.
![Page 29: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Zonat qendroreZonat qendrore
• Zonat qendrore jane qendra qe i “sherbejne” territorit rrethues, duke i ofruar popullates te mira dhe sherbime qendrore.
• Territori i sherbyer nga nje zone qendrore, quhet rajon plotesues.
![Page 30: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Zonat qendroreZonat qendrore
Çdo qender urbane ka njefare fushe veprimi ekonomike
kriter i te qenit qender
![Page 31: Roli i qytetit](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081511/55cdd6c4bb61eb89518b46f9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Prof. Carmelo M. Porto 31WALTER CHRISTALLER