SALVIA OFFICINALIS(LAMILACEAE)

Pharmacognostic Features

Botanical Origin: Salvia Officinalis.L Family:Lamilaceae Urdu name: Sefakus (Sepakass), Sathi English name: Salvia, sage Part used: Leaves, whole herb

Chemical Constituents1. Monoterpenes α-pinene, β-pinene, camphor,

Borneole, 1,8-cineole, thujone

2. Diterpenes Crypyotanshinone, carnosol, Ursolic acid

3. Triterpenes Oleanolic acid, Uvaol, Betulinic acid

4. Phenolic Acid Lithospermate B, Rosemary acid, Salvianolic

acid A & B

5. Flavonoids Apigenin, Hispidine

Pharmacological actions

Anti diarrheal activityo It has anti spasmodic effect on GIT by

inhibiting its motility by precense of some muscle relaxants by the action of voltage sensitive K+ channels.

Treatment of obesity and overweighto Methanolic extract inhibits pancreatic lipase

& thus prevents triglyceride and fatty acid production & prevents obesity.

Treatment of Alzheimer's diseaseo Extract of Salvia Officinalis inhibits Acetyl

cholinesterase that inhibits Acetyl choline & thus treats Alzheimer's disease.

Treatment of cancero Salvia officinalis extract inhibits angiogenesis and

inhibits metastasis thus inhibits abnormal growth of cells.

Sedative o Some salvia components affect on GABA receptor

in brain causing opening of ion channels resulting in increase in polarity of neurons & reduction in ratability.

Symptoms of menupauseo These include insomnia, headache & palpitations.

Salvia helps to adjust estrogen level & thus is used to treat above described problems.

Anti-diabetico Salvia improves HDL|LDL ratio & reduces insulin

resistance & reduces size of adipose tissues.

Solubility Some ingredients like some acidic

components are extracted by water. While some phenolic compounds such as

Carnosol, Carnosinic acid, rosmarinic acid, & rosmanol epirosmanol are extracted by ethanol.

Side Effectso Thujone causes neurotoxicityo Seizureso Adverse effect to livero Lower blood pressureo Dizzinesso During pregnancy lead to miscarriage

Dosage For Alzheimer’s disease – 1 gm/day On skin cream having 23 mg/gm Sage tea 300 ml/twice a day for diabetes Drug Interactions

With anti diabetics like Glipizides cause hypoglycemia and if used for long time lead to coma.

Anti-convulsants like Phenobarbital velporoic acid decrease their effectiveness by interacting with chemical in brain.

Its interaction with Sedative and analgesic increase their effect too much sleeping and too much drowsiness.

References

o www.naturafoundation.co.uk/monografie/Salvia_officinalis_extract.html

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4003706/

www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/975_pdf.pdf

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4003706/

www.drug.com www.botanical.com