SELECTING APPROPRIATE STATISTICAL PROCEDURES

報告者：許之馨授課老師：任維廉 教授

OUTLINE Introduction Decision-tree model

Decision-tree flowcharts Major characteristics of the study Selecting appropriate descriptive and

inferential statistics Secondary analyses Caveats and disclaimers

Summary2

INTRODUCTION Research is a systematic process of inquiry.

Determine exactly what statistical procedures to use in analyzing the results in design phase.

Characteristics of the research determine what statistical procedures to use.

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DECISION-TREE MODEL(1/2) Organize the process of systematically

determining appropriate statistical procedures.

Decision-tree model is organized in five decision-tree flowcharts.

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DECISION-TREE MODEL(2/2) The procedures for determining an

appropriate statistical analysis1. Describe the study.2. Identify the study’s major characteristics.3. Make systematic decisions, but now using

the flowcharts.

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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(1/5)

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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(2/5)

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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(3/5)

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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(4/5)

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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(5/5)

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MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY(1/2)

1. Level of constraint?2. Independent variables?3. Levels of the independent variables?4. Type of design?5. Dependent variables

what they are how they are measured levels of measurement type of data for each

8.

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MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY(2/2)

9. Research hypotheses?10. What kind of test is needed?

Dependent measure Levels of measurement

Type of data

Score on the social-skills multiple-choice

testRatio Score

Ranking of subjects on social competence Ordinal Ordered

Independent classification of social

competenceNominal Nominal

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SELECTING APPROPRIATE DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS(1/2)

Descriptive Statisticsusing statistic to describe the characteristics of the data

Inferential Statisticsaccording to sample infer the characteristics of the population

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SELECTING APPROPRIATE DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS(2/2)

Different type of data use different flowchart.

If study has more than one research hypotheses, we would find the correct descriptive and inferential statistics for all dependent measures.

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SECONDARY ANALYSES After completing descriptive and

inferential analyses.

Categories Post hoc analyses Secondary analyses to help explain results Data snooping

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CAVEATS AND DISCLAIMERS Inferential statistics portion

there are other kinds of questions not covered by the set of flowchart.

The statistical procedures suggested by the flowcharts are not only appropriate procedures for answering a specific question.

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SUMMARY Selecting an appropriate statistical

procedure is often one of the most confusing steps in the research process for beginning students.

A flowchart system is presented that organizes for students a process of selecting an appropriate statistical procedures.

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Thanks for your attention

Q&A18