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Sewage Treatment and Disposal Sewage Treatment and Disposal Economical Way-outEconomical Way-out

Dinkar Saxena & Rajeev Parwar

““AWWT”AWWT”

New Action PlanNew Action Plan

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AWWTAWWTNew Action PlanNew Action Plan …. ….

Development of self sustainable wastewater treatment & disposal system for remote & unsewered locations for small habitats.

Must comply all norms of E P Act yet energy efficient economical solution to wastewater discharge system.

When ground water levels are decreasing rapidly why to waste any drop of WATER – need of hour.

…A step For Sustainable Solution

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WaterWater

It's vital for all of us. We depend on its good quality-and quantity-for drinking, recreation, use in industry and growing crops. It also is vital to sustaining the natural systems on and under the earth's surface ….

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Ground water is for Ground water is for ever...!ever...!

A beautiful Day Dream…!

Ground Realty is …Ground water is receding By every passing year.

Declining Rate of Ground Water in some Parts of Agra as monitored by Piezometer

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An Alarming NegativeAn Alarming Negative TrendTrend

In 1985 Water Table in Kalma Nagar Area was 50 fts

In 2004 water Table in same area is Nearly 225 ft.

A whooping decline on Average of 9 Ft. per year.

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Yes Need of Hour is…Yes Need of Hour is…

WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

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Action taken for…Action taken for…

• Minimization of wastewater by training and awareness.

• Zero discharge sewage treatment systems.• Water recycling.• Zero discharge Industries.• Drip irrigation.• Prevention of over drafting the ground water• Sustain development and preservation of

Natural Water Resources• Increase in catchments area as much as possible for

Water Harvesting• Flood Management……..are Components of Watershed Management.

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METHODOLOGY FOR METHODOLOGY FOR TREATMENTTREATMENT

•Separation of rainwater runoff from sewage gray water.

•Anaerobic digester based sewage treatment plant for wastewater.

•Disposal of treated wastewater on cropland for irrigation.

•Draining of rainwater runoff in to low-lying cropland fields.

•Plugging all points of water escape on outer periphery of jail, by contour bunds..

Making an exit plan for draining excessive rainfall, to nearby Municipal drain.

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FAMILIES + CAFETERIA WASTE

Grey water =

Bathroom +kitchen +washing etc

Night Soil

Transportation to treatment plant (sewage lines + drains)

Equalization tank with HRT of 6Hrs.

Bar screensGrit chamber

grit

Floating material

UASB Reactor

39 ft hydraulic

depth

Polishing pond 12 hrs HRT Sub surface soaking

trenches with sand piling if required and

Evapotranspiration system

rainwater

RWH

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Paved and un paved area

Collection drain

Grit chamber Trash racks

Cropland

Schematic diagram of Rain Water Treatment and disposal (Harvesting process).

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Generation points

of sewage

Collection of sewage

Up flow anaerobic digester

Aeration tank / trickling filter

Treated water to cropland

Flow sheet of wastewater treatment and disposal process

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Storage for treated water

‘O’ level

Generation of wastewaterBOD 300 mgl, 50 Kld

Collection & settling pit 5 Kl

Attached growth media

Attached growth media

Hrt 5 hrsBOD removal 70%

+3 3 ½’

BOD removal 95 ~ 99 %

Pump 1.5 KL / Hr

SCHEMATIC OF ENERGY EFFICIENT

Sewage treatment system (STP)ATTACHED GROWTH ANAEROBIC DIGESTER

- 3INCHES ATTACHED GROWTH BIO TOWER

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Landscaping as tertiary Landscaping as tertiary treatmenttreatment

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Cost of TreatmentCost of Treatment

Anaerobic Process shell out energy in terms of Methane.

Secondary or polishing Stage uses natural oxidation which brings out cost of chemical energy requirement.

Average of Construction for Eco systems are nearly Rs. 5.00 per Lt. Per day.

Running Cost is as low as Rs. 0.10 per capita load.

FOR MORE INFO...

Manual on sewerage and sewage treatment ( Second Edition)

( CPHEEO) Ministry of Urban Development, The Govt. Of India.

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Anaerobic Waste Water Treatment

(AWWT)General Introduction

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Sustainable Environmental Concepts

• Appropriate low-cost technologies• Integrated biological methods• Reuse of valuable compounds• Stimulation of urban agriculture• Development towards ‘zero emission’ production

Require:Bio-methanation of waste (waters)

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Sustainable Environmental Protection

• Prevention of waste production• No dilution of high strength wastes• Treatment at the site• Low or no usage of chemicals & fossil fuels for treatment• Low treatment costs (land, capital & operational)• High efficiency• Applicable at any scale• Robust and plain technologies• Acceptable for local population / industries

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Resource Conservation

• Wastewater treatment for water recovery• Valorization of (semi) solid residues– production of soil conditioners• Bio-methanation of organic wastes• Recovery of nutrients and elements from waste streams: N, P, S, heavy metals

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Criteria for WWT selection

• Satisfactory treatment efficiency towards: COD/BOD,suspended solids, N, P, etc.• Robust technology: high stability towards power cut,peak loads, toxicants, etc.• Flexible with respect to future amendments(extensions, improvement)• Simple in operation maintenance and control• Limited number of treatment steps• Absence of disposal problems (e.g. sludge)• No malodour nuisance• Availability of local experience• Designed for (by) product recovery

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Technologies

• Bio-technological processes– Anaerobic treatment, core technology– (Micro) aerobic post treatment• Complementary physico-chemical processes, If necessary

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WHY ANAEROBIC TREATMENT ?

AEROBIC process has Heat lossSludge, 30-60 kgInfluent 100 kg COD + Aeration +(100 kWh) =Effluent, 2-10 kg COD

ANAEROBICSludge, 5 kgInfluent 100 kg COD= Effluent, 10-20 kg COD + Biogas 35 m3 (285 kWh)Net Energy gain

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Benefits of Anaerobic (pre -)treatment• Low production of stabilised (!) sludge• Very low nutrient requirements• Little if any energy requirement• Production of biogas• Reduction of green house gas emissions• Very high loading rates (up to 35 kg COD.m-3.day -1)• Plain technology• Relatively simple in operation and maintenance• Anaerobic sludge can be stored unfed ®campaignindustries• Start up with granular sludge in 1 week

If Used as Pre Treatment…

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• Anaerobic organisms are quite susceptible for a largenumber of compounds• AWWT in principle is a pre-treatment to reduce the load on Aerobic treatment• Sometimes malodor nuisance may occur• Sometimes little experience available in operationand design

““Drawbacks” of Anaerobic Drawbacks” of Anaerobic treatmenttreatment

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Few Completed Projects…Few Completed Projects… District Jail Agra., 1000 + inmates Vimal Apartments., 54 Flats Vimal Vatika 230 Residential houses Bhawna Estate 75 Families Vinayak Vihar 82 Residential Houses Dawar Footwear Company 650 Employee Virola International 1400 Users.

Project Under construction…

TDI City. Agra 1150 Houses TDI Mall Agra 1500 Footfall Pushpanjali Baikunth, 125 Acres Layout Pushpanjali Orchid, Agra. 127 Acers P P Town 350 Housed And cottages Etc….

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Bhawna EstateBhawna Estate

KATCHA RASTA

S.T.P.

10' [3.05]

5' [1.52]

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A Live experience….A Live experience….

Plant at district Jail Agra

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A talk with Superintendent Jail Agra…A talk with Superintendent Jail Agra…

Mr. S.P. Yadav Crops at Jail Compound

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Team/ResourcesTeam/Resources

Dinkar Saxena, M. Sc., M.I.E., M.I.P.H.E.,P.G.D.M., C. Eng., Chartered Engineer, accredited Lead Auditor, SAI (USA),Environment Auditor (EIMA, U.K.)

Rajeev Parwar M.E. ( Construction Technology & Management) , M.I.E., M.I.P.H.E.,F.I.V., C. Eng., Chartered Engineer

Support staffMohd. Tarique. Diploma in Architecture.

Skilled Supervisors Civil Construction 2Electrical 1Plumbing 3

EquipmentComplete Tools for on the spot monitoring Environment Parameter.

Support & Outside ServicesLong term Contract With S.G.S. Ltd., Gurgoan, Haryana, For Environment Impact Assessment.

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Thanks for …

…kind attention.