silang budaya nonverbal
TRANSCRIPT
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Nadhirah Muhamad Arib(P54389)
Siti Nur Hidayah bt Mohd. Mahayadin (P54139)
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` Definition ofcommunication
` Verbal and non verbal communication
` Definition ofnon verbal communication
`
Functions/concept` Types ofnon verbal
` Non verbal across culture
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` People are judge through their actions (ACTIONSSPEAK LOUDER THAN WORDS
` Sometimes we sending non verbal messages out of
conscious which brings out speculations and later on
give some impact on relationship.` Cordova, Gee& Warren (2005) found that, marriage
couple who could understand the emotional feeling of
theirpartner were more satisfy with their marriage
` Bee,Bee& Redmond (2008) the main ways to send non
verbal information are through feeling, attitude.
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` Communicationproses melakukan perbuatan atas sesuatu
maklumat
` Non- Verbal communication
Communication without words (Devito, 2009)
So it could be-hand and arm gestures,
eye contact and movement, facial expressions, the
position ofyour body, and your overall appearance.
Include: use time, clothing we wear,type ofarcthitecturalstructures we live, cosmetic change we make to our
apperance
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` Emblems-directly translate words orphrases
` Illustrators- accompany and literally illustrate
verbal message
` Regulators-monitor, maintain, or control thespeaking ofanother
` Adaptors- satisfy some need
` Affect displays- communicateemotional meaning
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` Word we use only one part in communication.
` Verbal language channel is just one ofmany channels
activated when communicate.
` All behaviours and gesture form important channels of
communication.
` Nonverbal behaviour can highlight or accent information,
accent ouremotional: how excited, upset.
` Reserch: most ofthe messages conveyed in interactions are
nonverbal
` Nonverbal appears to be larger when discrepant messages
are transmitted.
` Faced with ambigulous messages posed
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` Culture influence our verbal language,culture also
influence over our nonverbal language.` America : speak look straight in the eye.
` Interact with people from own culture: generally
learned the same system or language or
nonverbal` Interact ourfamilies: speak the same nonverbal
language
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` Interact with people own culture but unfamiliar to
us : may be coy,flirtatious or annoying. So learnthe rules.
` Interact someone a different culture : different
verbal language also bring different nonverbal
language` Have own rules forengaging in nonverbal
behaviours.
` Example: head nodding (Japanese-HAI, English-
YES)
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` Different nonverbal - Negative impression :
` Example : US, interact with people at a certaindistance. Close and feel his breath-uncomfortable.
` Interact quite far away
` Nonverbal like a :
` 1. second language
` 2.silent
` 3.unspoken
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` Show emotional reactions: anger, sad, frustrated and so on.
` Universally expressed and recognized-same across culture
` Display rules- rules that we all learn to manage or modify
expression depending on social circumstances
` Could also be used to illustrating speech ( raising eyebrow when
tones ofvoices goes up)Eg: japanese tend to adjust their stressful expression in thepresence ofhigher
status experimenter whereas the american not.
People who are smile are judge to be more likable and more
approachable than people who dont smile/pretend to smile
(Gladstone& Parker,2002; Woodzicka&LaFrance,2005;Kluger,2005)
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When sending this message, it shows some meaning.
` Wanita mempunyai pelbagai ekspressi emosi melalui wajah
dan lebih banyak tersenyum jika dibandingkan dengan lelaki
(buck, miller and william 1974)
` 6 categories ( Ekman and Friesen,1975)
1. Surprise-wide open eye, raised& wrinkled brow, open mouth
2. Fear-open mouth, wrinkles in the centre oftheforehead
3. Disgust-raised cheeks, lowered brow, lowered uppereyelid4. Anger-staring eyes, lowered and wrinkled brow
5. Happiness-smiling, raised cheeks, wrinkles around lowereyelids
6. Sadness-lip may tremble, corners ofthe lips turn downward.
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` Important aspects ofsocial and interactive
behavior.
` More research on animals (apes,gorillas)-
indicates aggressive and threatening
displays. However, human have taboo
regarding the direct stares (culture
produce rules to control the aggression)
` Attention structure-dominance
hierarchy in animal socities
` Staring game -exemplifies dominance,
status and power.
` Baby- attentivelly gaze to adults as source
ofcare and protection
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` Research
Arab > American > Asia
Arab people get annoyed while interacting withAmericans because Americans tend to gaze less.
While Americans get annoyed interacting with
Asians
` Different culture make different interpretationabout gaze
i. Not interested
ii. Too aggressive/domineering
iii. Appreciation ofstatus orpower
iv. Shame (what do you think?)
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` Message about power, dominance and status.
` It depends on space resources available
` 4 different level ofinterpersonal space in social
relationship ( Hall, 1978)
i. Intimate- 0-1.5 feet
ii. Personal relationship- 1.5- 4 feet
iii. Social consultive relationship -4-10 feet
iv. Public relationship- over 10 feet.
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` research
( Watson& Graves,1966)- paired ofmale students
tend to sit closer, more direct, confrontationaltypes ofbody orientation, greatereye contact and
speak in louder voices than did the Americans.
Forston and larson(1968) Latin American students
tend to interact more closely than Europeanstudents.
Noesjirwan (1977,1978) indonesians tend to seat
closer than did Australians.
Age, gender, sex do not influence interpersonalspace.
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Def: movements ofthe body, usually the hands, that
are generally reflective thought orfeeling.
Different culture have different meaning ofgestures.
Gestures as illustrator: vary across culture
Jewish& Italian: very expressive in their gesture& mannerism whenspeaking
Japanese& Thai : more reserved in using gesture
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loser
not goodvictory/peace
pointing
Thai:handsomeFrance: you r Zero
Japan: Please giveme coins
German: no 1Japan: no 5Saudi Arabia: Im winningMalaysia:pointing
American: upyours
Satanic/heavy metal
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1. Eye contact
2. Touch
3. Silence
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culture
CHINA:prosperity&rebirthUK: masculinity
JAPAN: anger&danger
US: capitalism, envy
IRELAND:patriotism
JAPAn: youth&energy
CHINA: wealth& authority
US: caution& cowardise
EGYPT: happiness&prosperity
IRAN: negative
GHANA: Joy
EGYPT: virtue& truth
GREEK: national pride
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` Culture and gesture1. Resting feet on a table would be insulting in Middle East
2. Gestures with the thumb up would be rude in Australia
3. Folding your arm over your chest would be consider defiant&
disrespectful in Fiji.` Culture andfacial expression1. Inappropriatefor Japaneseespecially for women to reveal broad
smile. They will hide/cover with hands. Whereas, US: no
restriction.
* Cultural display rule (appropriate display ofemotions in public)
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` Non verbal communication vary across culture
` Important to understand and appreciate other
cultures
` Multicultural counselor should understand the nonverbal communications ofthe client in order to
help them moreeffectively.
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That all from us..