studies on vibrio parahaemolyticus by pcr during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

41
Studies on vibrio parahaemo lyticus by PCR during the f our seasons in the south coast of taiwan 指指指指 : 指指指指指指 指指指 : 指指指

Upload: trygg

Post on 25-Jan-2016

24 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Studies on vibrio parahaemolyticus by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan. 指導老師 : 張福林副教授 研究生 : 陳念群. Introduction. 致病三大弧菌. V.vulnificus V.cholerae V. parahaemolyticus 霍 亂 弧 菌 與 腸 炎 弧 菌 是 食 品 界 及 防 疫 單 位 最 重 視 的 食 品 中 毒 菌 ( 資料來源 : 行政院衛生署 ). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Studies on vibrio parahaemolyticus by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwa

n

指導老師 :張福林副教授研究生 :陳念群

Page 2: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Introduction

Page 3: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

致病三大弧菌 V.vulnificus V.cholerae

V. parahaemolyticus

• 霍 亂 弧 菌 與 腸 炎 弧 菌 是 食 品 界 及 防 疫 單 位 最 重 視 的 食 品 中 毒 菌

( 資料來源 : 行政院衛生署 )

Page 4: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

V. parahaemolyticus V.cholerae

1950 年首次發現 1854 年首次發現

H、 O、 K01 群 ( 稻葉型霍亂弧菌及小川型霍亂弧

菌 ) 及

非 01 群 (0-139 霍亂弧菌 )Thermostable direct hemolysin   (TD

H) cholera toxin ( CT )

水(為主),食物及生活接觸 水(為主),食物及生活接觸 2-48 小時的潛伏期 24-48 小時的潛伏期 會伴隨輕度發燒 病人通常不會發燒

呈水性且黏液狀、 15% 之患者含血便 有時有些黏液,不含血便,略帶甜味似洗米過後的水

不會有低血壓 低血壓 攝氏 75 度時, 15 分鐘以上 攝氏 100 度時, 3分鐘

兩者在生化試驗上的區別 :TCBS 及嗜鹽性試驗

Page 5: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

• TCBS V. parahaemolyticus : 直徑 1~2mm 、有光澤、綠色

V. cholerae : 直徑 2~4mm 、平滑、黃色、中心不透明、周圍透明

• 嗜鹽性試驗 (0% 、 1% 、 6% 、 8% 、 10%)

V. parahaemolyticus : 6% 、 8% 生長良好

V. cholerae : 0% 、 1% 生長良好

Page 6: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

• Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important food-borne pathogens in Taiwan, Japan and other coastal countries.

• Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative, halophilic bacterium that occurs naturally in estuarine environments world-wide.

(Environmental Microbiology 5(8),706-710 ,2003 )

Page 7: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

• Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)• TDH/ • TDH-related haemolysin (TRH)• Urease positive• Lethal toxin• 附著因子

致病因子

Page 8: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

• Pathogenic V.parahaemolyticus generally produces a thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH).

• More than 90% of clinical V.parahaemolyticus isolates, but fewer than 1% of food or environmental strains produce TDH.

(APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 2003)

Page 9: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

橫跨四季有系統地蒐集﹑保存與研究台灣南部海域中的腸炎弧菌,並且進行一些基本特性分析,進而由分析結果來評估腸炎弧菌在台灣南部海域的分佈情形,而最後再來加以更深入的探討。

Aim

Page 10: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

研究架構海水、有機樣本收集

( 水質測量 )

傳統方法培養腸炎弧菌

利用腸炎弧菌 ToxR 基因專一性引子進行最確數 -聚合酵素連鎖反應 (MPN-PCR), 偵測樣本中全

部的腸炎弧菌密度

利用 PCR 偵測樣本中致病性腸炎弧菌 (tdh/trh) 及分析 KP和血清型

數據整理與分析

Page 11: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

採樣地點

安平漁港

興達漁港

前鎮漁港

Page 12: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

採樣方法• 水樣 :利用採樣筒丟入海水中採得水樣後放入無菌塑膠試管中

• 有機物質 :刮取岸邊岩石上的藻類、貝類或水中魚類後放入無菌塑膠試管中

• 保存於室溫 3 小時內帶回實驗室分析

Page 13: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

水質測量• PH (METTLER TOLEDO)

• 比重• 鹽度• 溫度 (VWR 1551-004)

• 透視度• 濁度 (HACH 46500-00)

• 綜合水質 DO 、 TDS 、 EC (DR/2500 Prot HACH5900)

• COD (HACH COD Reactor) 、 (HACH ODYSSEY)

Page 14: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Sample collection (3 水樣 3 有機樣本 )

APW 每管 APW 各取 1loop 接種於 TCBS

抽取 DNA 挑選典型綠色菌落分別各接種於 TSB-2 及 TSA-2

PCR(toxR) 由 TSB-2 抽取 DNA

PCR (toxR) toxR(+): toxR(-): PCR (tdh) PCR (16S rRNA) toxR(+) PCR (trh) 致病性分析 生化鑑定 菌體抗原

PCR (tdh) KP試驗 PCR (trh)

Page 15: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

toxR• 對腸炎弧菌的專一性非常強

• L-GTCTTCTGACGCAATCGTTG

R-ATACGAGTGGTTGCTGTCATG

•(JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY,Apr. 1999, p. 1173–1177)

Page 16: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

TDH & TRH

•通常致病性腸炎弧菌都會具有的致病因子

• TDH:

L-GGTACTAAATGGCTGACATC

R-CCACTACCACTCTCATATGC• TRH:

L-GGCTCAAAATGGTTAAGCG

R-CATTTCCGCTCTCATATGC (Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Nov. 2004, P.6401-6406)

Page 17: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

16S rRNA• 所有的菌都具有 16s rRNA , 於是選擇保守

的序列來做為 primer , 這樣就可知道樣本中的 DNA 是否有毀損 .

• L-ACGGCGCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGC

R-GGGTTGCGCTCGTTGCGGCACTTA (Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Aug. 1994, P.1911-1917)

Page 18: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

生化鑑定試驗 正反應 負反應 腸炎弧菌的反應

  斜面 黃色 紅色 -

TSI 底部 黃色 紅色 +

  產氣 斷裂 斷裂 -

  硫化氫 黑色 非黑色 -

MTM 混濁狀 澄清狀 +

革蘭氏染色 陽性 陰性 -

O/129敏感性 10μg 生長 不生長 +

150μg 生長 不生長 -

Oixdase 深紫色 非深紫色 +

ONPG 黃色 原色 -

Arginine 紫色 黃色 -

Lysine 紫色 黃色 +

 Halophilism

0%及 10%Nacl 可生長 不生長或緩慢 -

6%及 8%Nacl 可生長 不生長或緩慢 +

42℃  混濁 澄清 +

HLGB 黃色 紫色 +

歐普氏 紅色 原色 -

Page 19: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

KP

•使用 Wagatsuma agar 加以培養,若有 β溶血 ( 在培養基上形成透明圈 ) 現象則稱為 Kanagawa phenomenon ( KP 陽性 ),很可能就是致病菌株 .

Page 20: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

• (一)方式: 西元年 / 月 / 地點 / 樣本編號 / 菌株編號

• (二)說明: 西元年 2005 → 取後二碼 05 月份: 01 、 02 、 03 、 04 、 05 、 06 、 07 、 08 、 09 、 10 、 11 、 12

地點:安平港→ A 興達港→ B 前鎮港→ C

• 樣本編號 :

• 菌株編號:自 01 開始編號

• 例如 : 0508A1302

命 名 系 統

Page 21: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

RESULTS

Page 22: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Table 1. 安平港水質結果  

水樣一 水樣二 水樣三

8 9 10 8 9 10 8 9 10

溫度 ( ℃) 31.56 29 30.130.2

9 29 30.131.8

6 29 30.1

濁度 (NTU) 9.07 2.79 4.45 8.45 2.82 4.04 4.45 2.74 2.77

比重 1.022 1.018 1.0181.02

3 1.018 1.0171.01

9 1.019 1.021

鹽度 (ppt) 35.61 29.02 29.4234.7

9 29.02 28.0731.5

8 30.37 33.46

透視度 (15cm) 28 19.2 15.6 25 14.2 13 23.1 22.4 22

PH (7.5-8.5) 7.62 7.93 7.12 8.38 7.93 7.76 7.58 7.94 7.85

DO (>5.0mg/l) 16.33 5.02 4.9810.0

6 5.73 5.94 7.49 4.93 4.31

TDS (56 ms / cm) 66.6 61.66 58.32

71.14 60.98 56.46

60.66 61.42 69.7

EC 48,000uS ~ 50,000uS(26℃)

2 49198 492525682

5 48285 471555259

7 48866 58613

                 

COD (mg/l) 1650 1054 1430 1647 710 1563 1737 1036 1607

Page 23: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Table 2. 興達港水質結果  

水樣一 水樣二 水樣三

8 9 10 8 9 10 8 9 10

溫度 ( ℃) 28 30 31.1 28 30 30.8 28.5 30 30.8

濁度 (NTU) 20.6 2.92 5.72 6.81 2.81 2.29 1.7 1.17 1.84

比重 1.014 1.022 1.0231.018 1.022 1.023

1.021 1.023 1.025

鹽度 (ppt) 23.26 34.79 36.5528.62 34.79 36.55

33.04 36.13 39.23

透視度 (15cm) 17.2 25 26.8 23.3 23.8 21.2 27.2 26.6 10.8

PH (7.5-8.5) 6.89 7.84 8.02 7.41 7.91 7.83 7.08 7.89 7.94

DO (>5.0mg/l) 6.36 6.02 6.15 7.22 6.28 5.12 6.49 5.28 5.24

TDS (56 ms / cm) 45.28 67.1 70.74

56.22 67.92 74.8

63.44 73.32 74.2

EC 48,000uS ~ 50,000uS(26℃)

35046 51086 5992343238 51643 62429

48920 55932 61852

                 

COD (mg/l) 1384 1455 1536 1590 1605 1598 over 1346 1678

Page 24: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Table 3. 前鎮港水質結果  

水樣一 水樣二 水樣三

8 9 10 8 9 10 8 9 10

溫度 ( ℃) 29 29 30.2 29 29 30.2 29 29 30.2

濁度 (NTU) 4.93 29 4.45 4.37 18.4 2.53 3.19 39.4 2.27

比重 1.022 1.024 1.0251.021 1.024 1.023

1.021 1.024 1.024

鹽度 (ppt) 34.38 37.05 38.8133.04 37.05 36.13

33.04 37.05 37.47

透視度 (15cm) 16 11 20.5 19.2 10 27.6 20.4 10.2 22

PH (7.5-8.5) 8.27 8.11 8.18 8.27 8.14 8.23 8.27 8.16 8.17

DO (>5.0mg/l) 5.34 4.99 7.44 5.17 6.66 6.34 4.61 5.89 6.3

TDS (56 ms / cm) 72.8 73.54 73.66

72.48 73.92 72.92

72.86 73.7 71.58

EC 48,000uS ~ 50,000uS(26℃)

58467 56524 6276158068 56673 61029

57814 56594 59572

                 

COD (mg/l) over 1571 over over 1168 over over 1423 over

Page 25: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Fig 1. Amplification of the toxR gene by PCR

1 2 3 4 5 6

368bp

The primers amplified a 368bp fragment

Lane1…….100bp markerLane2…….CCRC 10806Lane3…….negative controlLane4…….(+)sampleLane5…….(-)sampleLane6…….100bp marker

Page 26: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

原液 10 倍 100 倍 1000 倍

90ml 緩衝液 90ml 緩衝液 90ml 緩衝液

10ml 原液

每稀釋檢液各接種 3 支 ( 稱三階三支),並於 35~37℃ ,培養 16~18小時

Page 27: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Table 4. 判定為腸炎弧菌陽性者,利用最確數表(如附表),推算出腸炎弧菌之最確數 (MPN/g 或 MPN/ml ) 。

正反應試管數MPN/ml

(g)

95%信賴界限 正反應試管數MPN/ml

(g)

95%信賴界限

0.10mL 0.01mL 0.001mL 下限 上限 0.10mL 0.01mL 0.001mL 下限 上限

0 0 0 <3.6 -- 9.5 2 2 0 21 4.5 42

0 0 1 3.0 0.15 9.6 2 2 1 28 8.7 94

0 1 0 3.0 0.15 11 2 2 2 35 8.7 94

0 1 1 6.1 1.2 18 2 3 0 29 8.7 94

0 2 0 6.2 1.2 18 2 3 1 36 8.7 94

0 3 0 9.4 3.6 38 3 0 0 23 4.6 94

1 0 0 3.6 0.17 18 3 0 1 38 8.7 110

1 0 1 7.2 1.3 18 3 0 2 64 17 180

1 0 2 11 3.6 38 3 1 0 43 9 180

1 1 0 7.4 1.3 20 3 1 1 75 17 200

1 1 1 11 3.6 38 3 1 2 120 37 420

1 2 0 11 3.6 42 3 1 3 160 40 420

1 2 1 15 4.5 42 3 2 0 93 18 420

1 3 0 16 4.5 42 3 2 1 150 37 420

2 0 0 9.2 1.4 38 3 2 2 210 40 430

2 0 1 14 3.6 42 3 2 3 290 90 1,000

2 0 2 20 4.5 42 3 3 0 240 42 1,000

2 1 0 15 3.7 42 3 3 1 460 90 2,000

2 1 1 20 4.5 42 3 3 2 1100 180 4,100

2 1 2 27 8.7 94 3 3 3 >1100 420 --

Page 28: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Data Temp. pH MPN (MPN/ml 或 g) MPN-PCR(toxR) (MPN/ml 或 g)

0508Awater1 32 7.62 < 3.6 < 3.6

0508Awater2 30 8.38 15 93

0508Awater3 32 7.58 < 3.6 < 3.6

0508Aorganics1 32 7.62 160 > 1100

0508Aorganics2 30 8.38 35 > 1100

0508Aorganics3 32 7.58 290 > 1100

0508Bwater1 28 6.89 3.6 93

0508Bwater2 28 7.41 < 3.6 240

0508Bwater3 29 7.08 6.2 9.4

0508Borganics1 28 6.89 < 3.6 > 1100

0508Borganics2 28 7.41 3.0 > 1100

0508Borganics3 29 7.08 28 > 1100

0508Cwater1 29 8.27 < 3.6 3

0508Cwater2 29 8.27 < 3.6 < 3.6

0508Cwater3 29 8.27 < 3.6 < 3.6

0508Corganics1 29 8.27 3.6 460

0508Corganics2 29 8.27 < 3.6 > 1100

0508Corganics3 29 8.27 < 3.6 64

Table 5. Vibrio parabaemolyficus densities in different samples from three areas

Page 29: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Data Temp. pH MPN (MPN/ml 或 g) MPN-PCR(toxR) (MPN/ml 或 g)

0509Awater1 29 7.93 15 9.2

0509Awater2 29 7.93 7.4 9.2

0509Awater3 29 7.94 3.6 23

0509Aorganics1 29 7.93 7.2 > 1100

0509Aorganics2 29 7.93 < 3.6 > 1100

0509Aorganics3 29 7.94 < 3.6 > 1100

0509Bwater1 30 7.84 3.0 3.0

0509Bwater2 30 7.91 3.6 43

0509Bwater3 30 7.89 15 > 1100

0509Borganics1 30 7.84 3.0 1100

0509Borganics2 30 7.91 15 290

0509Borganics3 30 7.89 6.1 > 1100

0509Cwater1 29 8.11 < 3.6 3.6

0509Cwater2 29 8.14 < 3.6 < 3.6

0509Cwater3 29 8.16 < 3.6 < 3.6

0509Corganics1 29 8.11 < 3.6 3.6

0509Corganics2 29 8.14 3.6 23

0509Corganics3 29 8.16 < 3.6 23

Table 6. Vibrio parabaemolyficus densities in different samples from three areas

Page 30: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Data Temp. pH MPN (MPN/ml 或 g) MPN-PCR(toxR) (MPN/ml 或 g)

0510Awater1 30.1 7.12 3 93

0510Awater2 30.1 7.76 3 >1100

0510Awater3 30.1 7.85 9.2 36

0510Aorganics1 30.1 7.12 7.4 >1100

0510Aorganics2 30.1 7.76 <3.6 9.2

0510Aorganics3 30.1 7.85 <3.6 >1100

0510Bwater1 31.1 8.02 9.2 93

0510Bwater2 30.8 7.83 6.1 >1100

0510Bwater3 30.8 7.94 9.2 43

0510Borganics1 31.1 8.02 3.0 >1100

0510Borganics2 30.8 7.83 15 93

0510Borganics3 30.8 7.94 6.2 >1100

0510Cwater1 30.2 8.18 <3.6 <3.6

0510Cwater2 30.2 8.23 3.0 75

0510Cwater3 30.2 8.17 <3.6 3.6

0510Corganics1 30.2 8.17 <3.6 <3.6

0510Corganics2 30.2 8.23 <3.6 23

0510Corganics3 30.2 8.17 <3.6 23

Table 7. Vibrio parabaemolyficus densities in different samples from three areas

Page 31: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

V. parahaemolyticus detected by

Sample (n) Culture method toxR-PCR

Water (n= 27) 14 (51.9) 20 (74.1)

Organics (n = 27) 18 (66.7) 26 (96.3)

Total (n= 54) 32 (59.3) 46 (85.2)

Table 8. Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from water and organic samples

Page 32: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Fig 2. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene by PCR

The primers amplified a 763bp fragment

Lane1…..marker Lane2…..0508C32Lane3…..0508C33 Lane4…..0508C34Lane5…..0508C35 Lane6…..0508C36Lane7…..0508C45 Lane8…..0508C47Lane9…..0508C48 Lane10….. negative controlLane11…no sample Lane12…...no sample

763bp

Page 33: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Fig 3. tdh Fig 4. trh

The primers amplified a 251bp fragment

Lane1……marker Lane2……0508A41

Lane3…… 0508A42 Lane4……0508A43

Lane5……0508A44 Lane6……0508A45

Lane7……0508A46 Lane8……0508A47

Lane9……0508A48 Lane10….0508A49

Lane11……vp1 Lane12…negative control

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

The primers amplified a 250bp fragment

Lane1……marker Lane2……0508A41Lane3…… 0508A42 Lane4……0508A43Lane5……0508A44 Lane6……0508A45Lane7……0508A46 Lane8……0508A47Lane9……0508A48 Lane10….0508A49Lane11……vp2 Lane12…negative control

250bp

251bp

Page 34: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Fig 5. Amplification of the tdh gene by PCR

300bp

200bp

The primers amplified a 251bp fragment

Lane1…..marker

Lane2…..0508B44

Lane3…..0508B45

Lane4…..0508B46

Lane5…..0508B47

Lane6…..0508B48

Lane7…..0508B49

Lane8…..0508B50

Lane9…..0508B51

Lane10…..0508B52

Lane11…..positive control

Lane12…..negative control

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Page 35: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Fig 6. Amplification of the trh gene by PCR

300bp

200bp

The primers amplified a 250bp fragment.

Lane1…..marker

Lane2…..0508B53

Lane3…..0508B54

Lane4…..0508B55

Lane5…..0508B56

Lane6…..0508B57

Lane7…..0508B58

Lane8…..0508B59

Lane9…..0508B60

Lane10…0508B61

Lane11…..positive control

Lane12…..negative control

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Page 36: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

tdh detected by

Sample (n) Culture method tdh-PCR

Water (n= 27) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Organics (n = 27) 0 (0) 4 (14.8)

Total (n= 54) 0 (0) 4 (7.4)

Table 9. Detection of haemolysin genes (tdh) from water and organic samples

Page 37: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

trh detected by

Sample (n) Culture method trh-PCR

Water (n= 27) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Organics (n = 27) 1 (3.7) 5 (27.8)

Total (n= 54) 1 (1.9) 5 (13.9)

Table 10. Detection of haemolysin genes (trh) from water and organic samples

Page 38: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Table 11. Serotyping of the 101 strains isolated

O1………………………………………………21 O2………………………………………………20 O3………………………………………………16 O4………………………………………………5 O5………………………………………………8 O6………………………………………………0 O7………………………………………………3 O8………………………………………………3 O9………………………………………………1 O10……………………………………………23 O11……………………………………………..1

血清型 數量

Page 39: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Fig 7. percentage of serotyping from three areas

serotyping

0

5

10

15

20

25

O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10 O11

%

Page 40: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

Conclusion

•研究中所發現的tdh(7.4)及 trh(13.9)大多是藉由MPN-PCR所發現(MPN只發現1.9%trh).

•在MPN與 MPN-PCR 兩者間比較的話 ,可以發現藉由MPN-PCR所偵測到的腸炎弧菌數是較多的 .

•在三個採樣點中可以發現 ,其中前鎮港所分離出的菌量都是很少量的,其次是安平港 .

Page 41: Studies on  vibrio parahaemolyticus  by PCR during the four seasons in the south coast of taiwan

END

Thank for your attention