sulu.gov.ph file · web view1. introduction. 1.1 historical background . the province of sulu...

Sulu Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Historical Background

The Province of Sulu (Lupah Sug—land of the sea current) traces its rich historical origin to the coming of Islam to the Philippines. Its history is shaped by the arrival of Muslim missionaries, traders, scholars, and travelers foremost of which was Karim-ul Mahkdum, an Arab missionary and learned judge who established a strong Islamic foundation for governance and life in what once the principality of Buansa Sumatra and the reign of Rajah Baguinda.

The marriage of Rajah Baginda’s daughter Paramisuli to the Arabian scholar Sayid Abubakar saw the birth of the Sultanate of Sulu. In the years that were the golden year era of the Sultanate of Sulu, Abubakar the first Sultan, brought Sulu, the Zamboanga Peninsula, Palawan, and Basilan under the Sultanate. Sabah followed in 1704 in recognition of the Sultans help in ending the long-running Brunei civil war.

The coming of Spanish colonization, Christianity, and a neo political system sparked fierce resistance in Sulu and started the Moro wars of 1578-1899. The ceding of the Philippines to the United States by Spain ended the 23 year’s (1876-1899) of Spanish occupation and ushered in the American era. The Bates Agreements signed Sultan Jamalul Kiram II and Brigadier General John Bates marked the start of the declined of the Sultanate. In March 1915, the Sultan gave his temporal powers in the Carpenter Agreement. This Agreement ended all opposition to the American government of Gov. Frank W. Carpenter.

With the enactment by the US Congress of the Jones Law (Philippine Autonomy Law) in 1916, ultimate Philippine independence was guaranteed and the Filipinization of public administration began. Sulu, however, had an appointed American governor until 1935 and the Governor General in Manila had a say in Sulu affairs.

But one thing was evident; centuries of colonial presence could not erase the legacy of local governance left by Rajah Baguinda, a legacy that shapes Sulu politics to this day.

The word Sulu was derived and written before as Suluk or Soolook. The Malayos (Malays, Malaysians) have always been using the term “Orang Suluk” to refer to the people of the area, which correspond to the

1


present term Tausug. Suluk was transformed into Sug. It is very common among Tausugs to drop the letter “l” in a word or syllable, especially during snappy conversation. On the other hand, the letters k and g at the end of the word can easily be mistaken for each other depending upon the accuracy of the speaker’s tongue, the keenness of the listener’s ears and the distance one is from the other. Suk could have been interchangeably used with Sug but the latter permanently took an irreversible hold on some people psyche and lingual habit. By derivation, therefore, Suluk and Suk (Sug) should assume the same meaning, and finally landed to the word Sulu1.

Sulu became a province on March 10, 1917 through Commonwealth Act No. 27-11. Sulu celebrates a special day-the foundation of local governance and public administration on every September 18-per Provincial Ordinance No. 01 series of 1993 proudly signifying that local government in Sulu antedates similar system in the country.

The province is composed of nineteen (19) municipalities, divided into two (2) congressional districts and with a total population of 718,350 as of the 2010 Census of Population and Housing.

1 The origin of names Sulu and Sug by Dr. Benj S. Bangahan published in the PEACEMAKER REPORT Vol. II, No. III.

2


1.2 Plan Objectives and Context

1.2.1 Objectives of the Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan or PDPFP

Generally, the PDPFP is intended to serve as a technical guide for the development of the province. More specifically, it aims to…

a) rationalize the distribution of the province’s population;

b) improve delivery of and access to economic opportunities and social services;

c) protect and maintain the integrity of the environment;

d) guide the location and direction of public and private investments in the province;

e) optimize utilization of natural and physical resources;

f) reduce vulnerability to natural and man-made disasters; and

g) serve as basis for the preparation and evaluation of Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) of municipalities by the Local Development Councils (LDCs) and Provincial Land Use Committee (PLUC).

1.2.2 Context of the PDPFP

The PDPFP is a key link in the network of plans covering the national, regional, provincial, and city/municipal levels. Plans and investment programs at the provincial level must have vertical connections to corresponding plans at the regional and city/municipal levels. In turn, regional plans and programs must relate to corresponding plans at the national level. The resulting PDPFP therefore, serves as a vertical link between local development objectives and regional and national priorities.

At the provincial level, the programs, projects and activities (PPAs) derived from the PDPFP are the bases for a multi-year investment program (PDIP-a prioritized list of PPAs with cost estimates) and an annual investment program (AIP or the current year “slice” of the PDIP). In turn, the AIP serves as the basis for budgetary allocations for PPAs.

3


1.3 Coverage of the Plan 1.3.1 Historical Coverage

The PDPFP is a six-year development plan, subject to a mid-term review (after 3 years) and guided by the long-term (i.e., 30-year) Vision. It is intended to coincide with two 3-year political terms of the Governor, aligned with a full term of the national leadership. An integral part of the plan is a physical framework that may also extend beyond the medium-term period, and that, while the PDPFP is a medium-term plan, its planning analyses extend beyond the medium-term to consider longer term trends. This is especially evident in analyses dealing with the core elements of the planning environment, the bases for identification/ formulation of policies/strategies and subsequent translation of the foregoing into programs, projects and activities (PPAs) to achieve the intended goals and objectives embodied in the plan.

1.4 Outline of the Plan

The PDPFP is presented and organized as follows:

Chapter 1, contains the Historical Background of the province, Objectives and Context, Coverage of the Plan and the Components and Organization.

Chapter 2, states the Vision of Sulu reflecting the aspirations of its leaders and community residents for the long term future of the province or the ultimate goal it seeks to achieve in the long – run.

Chapter 3, presents the analysis of the planning environment, describing the current situation of the population; physical resources; economic activity; transportation, access and circulation; income, employment, service access and poverty; and land use. These set of information will serve as bases for the identification of development issues or problems, setting of the overall goals and objectives, formulation of policies/strategies and the identification of major programs, projects and activities (PPAs).

Chapter 4, presents the development issues and concerns, overall goals and objectives that the province seek to achieve.

Chapter 5, enumerates the sectoral and spatial strategies, programs, projects and activities (PPAs) to attain the plan’s over-all goals and objectives.

Chapter 6, provides the various activities towards its legitimization namely: 1) plan review, approval and adoption process; 2) plan phasing and integration; 3) implementation support program; and 4) monitoring and evaluation.

4


2. DEVELOPMENT VISION

“A progressive and peaceful Sulu steered by competent and dynamic leaders driven by empowered and morally upright citizenry, living in a disaster-resilient communities and proud of its cultural heritage.”

5


3. The Planning Environment

3.1 Location, Land Area, and Political Subdivisions

3.1.1 LocationSulu is one of the five (5) provinces in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). These are the provinces of Sulu, Basilan, Tawi-Tawi, Maguindanao and Lanao del Sur. It is situated in the southern part of the Philippines and lies approximately between latitudes 5o 25’ and 6o 30’ North and between longitudes 119o 35’ and 122o 0’ East, bounded by the Sulu Sea on the North and Celebes Sea on the East (Figure 3.1).

Figure 3.1. Mindanao Map

3.1.2Land AreaBased on National Mapping and Resources Information Authority (NAMRIA) data, Sulu has a total land area of 167,376 hectares or 1,673.76 square kilometers (sq km). It accounts for about 13 percent of the total land area of ARMM. Among the municipalities, Pangutaran has the biggest land area with around 25,810 hectares or 258.10 sq km, which is 15.4 percent of the total land area of Sulu. Jolo is the

6

09 � -00΄

10 � -00΄

08 � -00΄

07 � -00΄

06 � -00΄

05 � -00΄

09 � -00΄

10 � -00΄

08 � -00΄

07� -00΄

06� -00΄

05� -00΄

119 � -00΄ 120 � -00΄ 121 � -00΄ 122 � -00΄ 123 � -00΄ 124 � -00΄ 125 � -00΄ 126 � -00΄

Scale: 1:4,000,000 M

100 Kilometers100 50 0

119 � -00΄ 120� -00΄ 121� -00΄ 122 � -00΄ 123 � -00΄ 124� -00΄ 125 � -00΄ 126 � -00΄

S u l u S e a

M o r o G u l f

LANAO DEL SUR

MAGUINDANAO

BASILAN

SULU

TAWI-TAWI

MINDANAO MAPSHOWING THE AREAS OF

ARMM

eaasipe’06

EW

N

S


smallest at 16.60 sq km, or 1.0 percent of the total land area of the province. (Table 3.1)

The land area of the Municipality of Omar is still included from its mother municipality Luuk since Omar is a new municipality created by Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No.194, ratified on July 14, 2007. While population data for Omar is available, the bulk of social, physical, and economic data has yet to be segregated from the municipality of Luuk. The data, therefore, used in the PDPFP reflects that of Luuk before the creation of Omar.

Table 3.1. Land Area by Municipality

Source: NAMRIA

3.1.3Political Subdivision

The province of Sulu is divided into two (2) congressional districts, nineteen (19) municipalities and 410 barangays. The first district is composed of the municipalities of Jolo, Parang, Indanan, Pangutaran, Maimbung, Panglima Tahil, Patikul and Talipao. The second district is composed of the municipalities of Luuk, Siasi, Kalingalan Caluang, Panglima Estino, Tapul, Panamao,

7

Haji Panglima Tahil 4,950 Panglima Estino 4,500

Indanan 10,190 Pangutaran 25,810Jolo 1,660 Parang 9,740Kalingalan Caluang 5,583 Pata 5,860Lugus (including Omar) 3,540 Patikul 17,930

Luuk 16,712 Siasi 10,252Maimbung 4,790 Talipao 14,100Panamao 5,110 Tapul 5,550

Pandami 8,699 Banguingi (Tongkil) 12,400

Total 167,376

Municipality Area (ha) Municipality Area (ha)

Table 3.2. Number of Barangays by Major Island Groups

Major Island Groups/Municipalities District Number of

Barangays

Percent Share

(%)Jolo Group Jolo 1 8 2 Indanan 1 34 8.3 Luuk 2 12 2.9 Maimbung 1 27 6.6 Panglima Tahil 1 5 1.2 Panamao 2 31 7.6 Parang 1 40 9.8 Pata 2 14 3.4 Patikul 1 30 7.3 Tapul 2 15 3.7 Lugus 2 17 4.1 Kalingalan Caluang 2 9 2.1

Panglima Estino 2 12 2.9 Omar 2 8 2 Talipao 1 52 12.7Siasi Group

Siasi 2 50 12.2 Pandami 2 16 3.9

Pangutaran Group Pangutaran 2 16 3.9

Samales Group Banguigui 2 14 3.4

Total 410 100Source: PPDO SEP


Lugus, Pata, Pandami, Baguingi (formerly Tongkil) and Omar. (Table 3.2)

Eleven (11) municipalities are in mainland Jolo while eight (8) are island-municipalities. Table 3.2 shows the major island groups and the distribution of barangays per municipality.

Figure 3.2. Political Subdivision

3.2 Population and Settlements

This section discusses the aspects of the regional population growth by province, total population growth by municipality, urban-rural population growth by municipality, and change in population density.

8

LUUKTALIPAO

PATIKUL

INDANAN

Parang

PATA

TAPUL

PANAMAO

MAIMBUNG

KALINGALAN_CALUANG

PANGLIMA_ESTINO

JOLO

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

SIASI

PATA

LUGUS

TAPUL

PANDAMI

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000

640000 640000Siasi Group of Islands

PANGUTARAN

LUGUS

PANDAMI

140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000

700000 700000Pangutaran Group of Islands

PANGUTARAN

HADJI_PANGLIMA_TAHIL

Panglima Tahil Group of Islands

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

BANGUINGUI ( formerly Tongkil)

KALINGALAN_CALUANG

PANGLIMA_ESTINO_(NEW_PANAMAO)

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

690000 690000Banguingi Group of Islands

Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Scale 1:300,000 meters

BIA"08

Source: JICA, PPDO-SEP

MunicipalityHADJI_PANGLIMA_TAHILINDANANJOLO_(Capital)KALINGALAN_C ALUANGLUGUSLUUKMAIMBUNGPANAMAOPANDAMIPANGLIMA_ESTINOPANGUTARANPATAPATIKULParangSIASITALIPAOTAPULBANGUINGUI (Tongkil)

LakesNational RoadProvincial/Municipal/B arangay Roads

OMAR

MAP OF SULU

(cr ea te d u nd er MM A Ac t No . 1 94 ; rat ified o n J uly 1 4, 20 07 ta ken fr om L uu k)


3.2.1Population: Regional and National Context

As of the 2010 Census of Population and Housing, Sulu had a population of 718,290 persons, which is the third largest among the provinces of the ARMM. Table 3.3 shows that the province accounted 22.1 percent of the regional total of 3,256,140 and that of the country of 0.78% of the country’s population of 92.33 million.

From 2000 to 2010, Sulu’s population grew at annual growth rate of 1.49 percent, lower than the 2.80 percent rate during the previous decade (1990-2000). The province’s population growth rate is the third lowest among the provinces of ARMM. The regions annual growth rate was at 1.51% and the country at 1.90%. It can be observed that all the annual growth rates of the provinces including ARMM and the Philippines went down as compared to 1990-2000 growth rates. Assuming that the growth rate of 1.49% is maintained, Sulu’s population will double in 46 years.

In terms of population density, Sulu is the most densely populated of all the ARMM provinces at 429 persons/sq. km. The regional and national averages, meanwhile, are 245 and 313 respectively.

Table 3.3. Population 1990, 2000 and 2010

Source: National Statistics Office

3.2.2Demographic Characteristics of the Provincea. Population Size and Distribution

9

Province/ Area Doubling

City (sq. km.) of the Population

Basilan 179,230 259,796 293,322 9.00% 3.78% 1.22% 265 1,106.60 56.5

Lanao del Sur 507,736 669,072 933,260 28.60% 2.92% 1.55% 226 4,121.30 44.5

Maguindanao 630,674 801,102 944,718 29.00% 2.42% 1.66% 182 5,176.10 41.5

Sulu 469,971 619,668 718,290 22.10% 2.80% 1.49% 429 1,673.76 46.3

Tawi-Tawi 228,204 322,317 366,550 11.30% 3.51% 1.29% 303 1,208.76 53.5

ARMM 2,107,716 2,803,045 3,256,140 100.00% 2.89% 1.51% 245 13,309.12 45.7Philippines 60,703,216 76,498,735 92,337,852 2.10% 1.90% 313 294,554.00 36.3

Density 2000Pop 1990 Pop 2000 Pop 2010 Pop 2010 %

ShareAPGR

1990-2000

APGR 2000-2010


The municipality of Jolo, the provincial capital, has the largest population of the province’s 19 municipalities and is also the 2nd most populated city/municipality in the ARMM. Four municipalities in Sulu namely: Jolo, Talipao, Indanan and Siasi are within the top 10 ARMM cities/municipalities that have a population of 50,000 above.

/Per 2010 Census, Jolo registered 118,307 persons or 16.47 % of total provincial population followed by Talipao (10.46%), Indanan (9.16%), Siasi (8.94%), and Parang (8.07%), accounting for 53.1 percent of the population. The rest of the population is distributed among the remaining 14 municipalities of the province, with Hadji Panglima Tahil (formerly Marungas) having the smallest population of 5,850 or 0.81 percent of the total population. (Table 3.4)

/Table 3.4 Population, Annual Population Growth Rate and Density by Municipality

Source: NSO and NAMRIA

Table 3.5 reveals that only seven (7) of the 19 municipalities increased their population shares since 2000 – the largest increase was experienced by Jolo (net increase of 2.27%), followed by Indanan, Panglima Estino, Patikul, Omar, Pata and Luuk. The rest of the municipalities recorded decreased in population shares.

10

Panglima Tahil 4,153 5,314 5,850 0.81% 2.49 0.97 118.18 49.5

Indanan 41,969 53,425 65,858 9.16% 2.44 2.11 646.3 101.9Jolo 53,055 87,998 118,307 16.47% 5.19 3 7,126.92 16.6

Kalingalan Caluang 15,824 22,688 26,848 3.75% 3.67 1.7 480.88 55.83

Lugus 14,907 18,839 19,839 2.76% 2.37 0.52 560.42 35.4Luuk 18,949 24,939 29,897 4.17% 2.78 1.83 305.46 157.12Maimbung 17,251 24,982 28,445 3.96% 3.77 1.31 593.84 47.9Panamao 27,189 35,906 37,993 5.29% 2.82 0.55 743.5 51.1Pandami 17,159 19,964 22,474 3.14% 1.52 1.19 394.35 56.99

Panglima Estino 15,683 21,443 27,724 3.86% 3.18 2.6 616.08 45

Pangutaran 17,122 26,211 28,461 3.96% 4.35 0.83 110.27 258.1

Parang 43,273 54,994 58,028 8.07% 2.42 0.54 595.77 97.4Pata 9,244 11,791 14918 2.07% 2.46 2.38 254.57 58.6Patikul 30,455 34,396 42,036 5.85% 1.22 2.02 242.56 179.3Siasi 46,468 59,069 64,229 8.94% 2.43 0.84 626.5 102.52Talipao 66,261 73,015 75,173 10.46% 0.97 0.29 533.14 141Tapul 10,111 14,881 16,370 2.28% 3.94 0.96 294.95 55.5Banguingi (Tongkil)

10,469 15,933 17,802 2.47% 4.29 1.11

Omar 10,429 13,880 18,098 2.53% 2.9 2.69Sulu 469,971 619,668 718,290 100.00% 2.8 1.49 429.15 1,673.76

143.56 124

Municipality Pop 1990 Pop 2000 Pop 2010 Pop 2010 % Share

APGR 1990-2000

APGR 2000-2010

Density 2010

Area (sq. km.)


Table 3.5 Sulu Population Shares, by Municipality/

Source: NSO

b. Density

With a total land area of 1,673.76 sq. km. and a population of 718,290 persons, the population density of the province in 2010 is computed at 429 persons per sq.km. This is higher than the country’s population density of 269 persons per sq.km. Jolo, the smallest in terms of land

11

Municipality Pop 2000%

Pop 2010%

Cum Pop 2000(%)

Cum Pop 2010(%)

2000-1990 % Change

Jolo 14.20% 16.47% 14.20% 16.47% 2.27%

Talipao 11.79% 10.46% 25.99% 26.93% -1.33%Indanan 8.62% 9.16% 34.61% 36.09% 0.54%Siasi 9.53% 8.94% 44.14% 45.03% -0.59%

Parang 8.88% 8.07% 53.02% 53.10% -0.81%

Patikul 5.56% 5.85% 58.58% 58.95% 0.29%Panamao 5.79% 5.29% 64.37% 64.24% -0.50%Luuk 4.02% 4.17% 68.39% 68.41% 0.15%Pangutaran 4.23% 3.96% 72.62% 72.37% -0.27%Maimbung 4.03% 3.96% 76.65% 76.33% -0.07%

Panglima Estino 3.46% 3.86% 80.11% 80.19% 0.40%

Kalingalan Caluang

3.66% 3.75% 83.77% 83.94% 0.09%

Pandami 3.22% 3.14% 86.99% 87.08% -0.08%Lugus 3.04% 2.76% 90.03% 89.84% -0.28%Omar 2.24% 2.53% 92.27% 92.37% 0.29%

Banguingi (Tongkil)

2.57% 2.47% 94.84% 94.84% -0.10%

Tapul 2.40% 2.28% 97.24% 97.12% -0.12%Pata 1.90% 2.07% 99.14% 99.19% 0.17%

Panglima Tahil 0.86% 0.81% 100.00% 100.00% -0.05%

Sulu 100.00% 100.00%


area was the most densely populated municipality in the province with 7,127 persons/sq. km. while Pangutaran was the most sparsely populated municipality with a density of 110 persons per sq.km.

Other municipalities with highest population densities and substantially higher than the provincial average in year 2010 were: Panamao (743), Indanan (646), Siasi (626), Panglima Estino (616), Parang (596), Maimbung (594), Lugus (560), Talipao (533) and Kalingalan Caluang (489).

In 2000, the muncipalities with the highest densities were: Jolo, Panamao, Patikul, Parang, Lugus, Indanan, Maimbung, Talipao, and Panglima Estino.

Increases in density during 2000-2010 are particularly noticeable in the municipalities of Jolo, Pandami, Panglima Estino, Indanan, Kalingalan Caluang and Maimbung. Figure 3.4 shows the density maps of the province.

Figure 3.3 A. Sulu Density Map

12


/

Figure 3.3 B. Sulu Density Map

//Figure 3.3 C. Sulu Density Map

13

Population Density 20000 - 50 - 5050 - 150150 - 300300 - 450450 - 600600 - 13263

30 0 30 60 90 120 150 Kilometers

N

EW

S

Popolation Density 2000

Population Density 19900 - 50 - 5050 - 150150 - 300300 - 450450 - 600600 - 7997

30 0 30 60 90 120 150 Kilometers

N

EW

S

Popolation Density 1990


c. Growth Rate

Based on the population from 2000 to 2010, Sulu’s annual population growth rate was recorded at 1.49% lower as compared to the growth rate of 2.80% (1990-2000).

The 1990-2000 population data shows that Jolo registered the fastest growth of 5.19% together with Pangutaran (4.35%), Banguingi (4.29%), Tapul (3.94%) and Maimbung (3.77%). However, in 2000-2010 population data, all the municipalities in the province have lower growth rates except Patikul with a growth rate of 2.02% (refer to Table 3.4).

d. Density and Growth Rates

High density and fast-growing settlements: Jolo, Indanan, Siasi, Parang and Maimbung

Low density and fast-growing settlements: Luuk, Patikul and Pangutaran

High density and slow-growing settlements: Panamao, Panglima Estino, Lugus, Talipao and Kalingalan Caluang

Low density and slow-growing settlements: Tapul, Pandami, Pata, Banguingi, Hadji Panglima Tahil and Omar

14


e. Population Trends

/Table 3.6 Projected Population and Density by Municipality, 2019

Source: NSO

Given current trends, the population of the province of Sulu is expected to reach to 825,999 in 2019 or at the end of the 6 years planning period. This also shows an additional population of 107,649 persons after 6 years. The density has also increase from 429 persons per sq.km. to 493 persons per sq.km. or a difference of 64 persons per sq.km. Density of the Municipality of Omar is included with that of the Municipality of Luuk.

Population growth projections (2000-2010) indicate that Jolo is the fastest of all the municipalities followed by Indanan and Patikul. (Table 3.6)

15

Municipality

Panglima Tahil 5,850 0.97 49.5 6,381 118.18 128.91 531Indanan 65,858 2.11 101.9 79,404 646.3 779.23 13,546Jolo 118,307 3 16.6 154,364 7,126.92 9,299.02 36,057Kalingalan Caluang

26,848 1.7 55.83 31,246 480.88 559.67 4,398

Lugus 19,839 0.52 35.4 20,750 560.42 586.15 911Luuk 29,897 1.83 157.12 35,104 305.46 369.82 5,207Maimbung 28,445 1.31 47.9 31,951 593.84 667.05 3,506Panamao 37,993 0.55 51.1 40,095 743.5 784.63 2,102Pandami 22,474 1.19 56.99 25,021 394.35 439.04 2,547Panglima Estino 27,724 2.6 45 34,929 616.08 776.19 7,205Pangutaran 28,461 0.83 258.1 30,577 110.27 118.47 2,116Parang 58,028 0.54 97.4 60,692 595.77 623.12 2,664Pata 14918 2.38 58.6 18,468 254.57 315.15 3,550Patikul 42,036 2.02 179.3 50.237 242.56 280.18 8,201Siasi 64,229 0.84 102.52 69,004 626.5 673.08 4,775Talipao 75,173 0.29 141 77,227 533.14 547.71 2,054Tapul 16,370 0.96 55.5 17,904 294.95 322.59 1,534Banguingi (Tongkil)

17,802 1.11 124 19,644 143.56 158.42 1,842

Omar 18,098 2.69 23,002 4,904Sulu 718,290 1.49 1,673.76 825,999 429.15 493.5 107,649

Additional Population

2019Pop 2010 APGR

2000-2010Area (sq.

km.) Pop 2019 Density 2010

Density 2019


3.2.3Existing Settlement Patterns

Considered as growth centers are the municipalities of Jolo, Indanan, and Patikul, which can be considered as metropolitanizing areas in the province of Sulu being administratively and politically dominant from other municipalities. It is also manifested by population size and density, concentration of industry, infrastructure, transport, education, health facilities and services. The other two municipalities are Parang and Maimbung. These areas are expected to contribute to the development of the proposed Agri-industrial Center.

/Figure 3.4 Existing Settlement Map

The municipality of Luuk serves as center for District II of Sulu. Some of the offices of regional line agencies are situated in Luuk providing administrative and health services to municipalities of Panamao, P. Estino, K. Caluang and Banguingi, and other District II municipalities.

16

30 0 30 Kilometers

N

EW

S

Existing Settlement Map200000

200000

250000

250000

300000

300000

350000

350000

650000 650000

700000 700000

JoloPatikul

IndananLuuk

Siasi

Growth Center

Growth Center

Jump-Off Point


Other services like trading and transport are also provided. This group has a combine population of 134,737 or 52% of the District II total population.

The municipality of Siasi serves as jump-off point of municipalities of Pandami, Pata, Lugus and Tapul in terms of trading and rural services. The municipalities of Pangutaran and Panglima Tahil are inter-linkaging with Jolo and Zamboanga for market and rural services.

Jolo, the capital of Sulu, has one business district. Business establishments are just situated in the town perimeter extending from Serantes Street to North and South market road with Arolas Street and Port Area to Hadji Butu extension. This includes also other establishment like hotel, offices, and medical clinic.

Other towns in the province have their own commercial center e.g. public market, convenient stores, plazas and transportation stations. Small-scale industries like food processing are scattered along the business centers and some near the source of raw material.

Towns farther from this growth center are island-municipalities, which exhibited slower growth like Pata, Pandami, Lugus, Tapul, Tongkil, and Panglima Tahil. Technology cannot easily thrive due to zero investment from the business sector except for few communication gadgets like radios used in the fisheries sector.

The province is gearing towards gradual shift to improved rural settlement and probably early urbanization activities as population rapidly increases. The need and requirement of dwellers and corresponding demand on settlement issues may be crucial and of high priority.

17

-10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000

100,000 110,000 120,000 130,000 140,000 150,000 160,000 170,000


Figure 3.5. Hierarchy of Existing Settlements based on Population, 2010//

/

Source of Primary Data: NSO

Large Towns Jolo, Talipao, Indanan Siasi and Parang

Small/Medium Towns Patikul, Panamao, Luuk, Pangutaran, Maimbung, Panglima Estino, Kalingalan

Caluang, Pandami, Lugus, Omar, Tongkil,Tapul, Pata and Hadji Panglima Tahil

18


3.3 Physical Resources

3.3.1 General Land and Water Characteristics and Resourcesa.Topography and Slope

Sulu is generally mountainous with volcanic origin, has ten (10) mountains scattered throughout the island but do not form mountain ranges Of the 10 mountains nine (9) are located in the mainland and the remaining one is in the island municipality of Siasi. The highest among the ten mountains is Bud Tumantangis located in Indanan (literally means “weeping mountain) with a height of 805 meters and the lowest are Bud Urot and Bud Dakulah with 405.6 meters each located in the municipalities of Luuk and Panamao, respectively. Small pockets of valleys and wide stretches of undulating to rolling lands are formed and utilized as farming areas. Except Siasi with hilly interior, all the other island municipalities especially Pangutaran are swampy, forested, flat and lowlands of coral formation (Table 3.7).

19

Table ___. List of Existing Mountains and Location

Name of Peak Approximate Location

Height (Feet)

Bud Tumantangis Indanan 2,600Bud Dahu Patikul 2,247Bud Tukay Parang 1,984Bud Gomo Siasi 1,584Bud Dakut Tapul 1,555Bud Talipao Talipao 1,315Bud Urot Luuk 1,310Bud Dakulah Panamao 1,310Bud Parang Luuk 1,276Source: PPDO-SEP

Bud Daho National Park—Lot No. 980, cad. 99, Mt. Dajo Cadastre Proclamation No. 261 dated March 1972 Area---222.6310 hectares

Table __. Sulu Slope

Slope Area (in hectares)

0 to 3 55,956.19

3 to 8 34,375.45

8 to 18 39,070.24

18 to 30 15,717.32

30 to 50 4,146.97

50 & above 770.891Sub-total 150,037.06

Unclassified 302.785Lake 186.014

Grand Total 150,525.86Source: PPDO-SEP

3.8

3.7


More than 60 percent of the provincial land resources belong to the zero to eight (0-8) percent slope categories. This land is suitable either for cultivated annual crops or non-agricultural uses e.g., residential, industrial, commercial and institutional. Hilly lands account for 36.5 percent (8-30%) while the remaining 3.3 percent are extremely steep and rugged terrain and are within the protection- oriented slope range of 30 percent and above (Table 3.8).

Figure 3.6 Slope Map

20

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

690000 690000

Banguingi Group of Islands

Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Sulu_slope.shp?Gently_sloping_to_undulatingLevel_to_nearly_levelRolling_to_moderately_steepSteepUndulating_to_rollingVery_Steep


BIA"08Source: JICA

Table 3.9: Land Area by MunicipalityMunicipality Area (ha) Municipality Area (ha)

Panglima Tahil 4,950 Panglima Estino 4,500 Indanan 10,190 Pangutaran 25,810 Jolo 1,660 Parang 9,740 Kalingalan Caluang 5,583 Pata 5,860 Lugus 3,540 Patikul 17,930 Luuk (including Omar) 16,712 Siasi 10,252 Maimbung 4,790 Talipao 14,100 Panamao 5,110 Tapul 5,550 Pandami 8,699 Banguingui 12,400

61,234 106,142 Total

Source: NAMRIA167,376


b.Land and water resources Sulu has a total land area of 167,376 hectares, 99.9 percent of this (167,208.6 ha) are land while the remaining 0.1 percent or 159.74 ha are inland bodies of water, the total area of the three (3) lakes namely: 1) Panamao lake (69.74 ha), 2) Seit lake (59.3 ha), and 3) Timpook lake (30.7 ha), and that of the

total land area about 56 percent or 93,855 hectares comprise the area of the mainland and 44 percent or 73,521 hectares are those of the island municipalities. Among the island municipalities, Pangutaran is the largest with 25,810 ha and is also the largest among the nineteen (19) municipalities of Sulu. This is followed by Banguingi and Siasi with 12,400 ha and 10,252 ha, respectively. The smallest among the island municipalities is Hadji Panglima Tahil with 4,950 ha or 6.73 percent of the total area of the island municipalities. (Table 3.9)

The water resources of the province are the inland bodies of water comprising of lakes, rivers and springs and the municipal waters surrounding the island municipalities and the Jolo mainland. The municipal waters serve as the major source of fishery products of the province. While the inland bodies of water are utilized for domestic purposes either for washing

21


clothes or as potable water for the residents of the local communities. The most prominent lake of the province is Seit located in the municipality of Panglima Estino. Waters from this lake are utilized for irrigation and as domestic use for the residents of the local communities aside of being a source of food and livelihood as this lake has plentiful of fresh fishes and shrimps. The waters from the other two (2) lakes namely: Panamao and Timpuok are solely utilized for domestic use. However, lakes Seit and Panamao may be tapped as possible sources for the establishment of Mini-hydro electric power plants in the province.

Rivers in the major islands are too small, more often than not these are dry during summer and therefore have very limited use by the local residents unlike the various springs that the province have such as: the Gandasuli and Liang springs in Patikul, Kiram spring in Jolo, Tumantangis and Tambuang springs in Indanan, Tubig Samin in Maimbung and the Buntod and Tampakan springs in Talipao. These springs serve as the source of potable water for the residents of the Jolo mainland. More specifically, the Kiram spring caters to the water requirements of eight (8) barangays of Jolo and Indanan. Gandasuli spring, caters to five barangays, four (4) in Patikul and one (1) in Jolo (Brgy Busbus). Tambuang and Tubig Samin springs as sources of potable water for the residents of the eastern part of Maimbung, and the municipalities of Talipao and Indanan. While the Tampakan spring serves not only as source of potable water for the residents of Talipao but also for the island municipality of Pata.

c. Geological FeaturesData of the Bureau of Soil and Water Management (BSWM),

shows that Sulu has three general types of soils namely: alfisols, inceptisols and ultisols. In bigger islands, the soil is of igneous rock of volcanic origin while the smaller islands have limestone soils arising from coral formations. Sulu has all the foregoing type of soils. Pata and the Siasi-Tapul group have the inceptisol type. More specific types of soil by municipality are listed in Table _____.

22

The central concept of ultisols is that soils have a horizon that contains an appreciable amount of translocated silicate clay (an argillic or kandic horizon) and few bases (base saturation less than 35 percent). Base saturation in most ultisols decreases with depth.


Fertility management, inter-cropping, multi-storey cropping, annual crop rotation, cover cropping and land smoothing/clearing are the commonly recommended soil management and conservation practices for Sulu.

Figure 7: Geologic Map of Sulu

23

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

690000 690000


Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Geologic.shpPLIOCENE-QUATERNARYRECENTUnknownWATER_BODY


BIA"08Source: JICA

The central concept of alfisols is that soils have an argillic, a kandic, or a natric horizon and a base saturation of 35% or greater. They typically have an ochric epipedon, but may have an umbric epipedon. They may also have a petrocalcic horizon, a fragipan or a duripan.

The central concept of inceptisols is that soils of humid and subhumid regions that have altered horizons and have lost bases or iron and aluminum but retain some weatherable minerals. They do not have an illuvial horizon enriched with either silicate clay or with an amorphous mixture of aluminum and organic carbon. The Inceptisols may have many kinds of diagnostic horizons, but argillic, natric kandic, spodic and oxic horizons are excluded.


d. Mineral Resources There are no mineral deposits data in the province since there

are no recorded explorations of metallic minerals. However, a number of quarrying activities of non-metallic minerals are being undertaken in some areas of the province, e.g., sand and gravel and filling materials for construction purposes.

e. Climate Type

Based on the Modified Corona’s Classification of Climate, the climate of Sulu province is classified as belonging to Type IV, i.e., rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.

Rainfall DistributionRecords of rainfall distribution in Sulu during the last five years

(2010 – 2014) show that the province had an average annual precipitation of 1,483.07 mm. The heaviest rain falls were experienced in 2013 at 1,938.5 mm while the lightest were in 2014 at 1,072.6 mm. The period of precipitation starts from January to March. However, heavier downpours are expected from July to December (Figure ___).

Figure 8: Tracks of Tropical Storms

24


TemperatureGenerally, the temperature of the province is relatively stable with respect to season. Records on the mean monthly temperature indicate that the cold months fall from January to March, while the hot months fall from April to May (Figure 9).

Figure 9

HumidityThe average relative humidity in the province as observed in

2014 was 81 percent. For the same year, the monthly relative humidity values were almost uniform with high a 84 and 85 percent in September and October and a low 76 and 77 percent in March and February, respectively.

Prevailing Winds The general direction and velocity of winds in the Zamboanga

peninsula and Sulu vary according to geographical location and time. The prevailing wind direction is northeasterly in Dipolog , southeasterly in Jolo, and westerly in Zamboanga, at a velocity of 3 knots for Dipolog and Jolo and 4 knots for Zamboanga.

3.3.2 Land Use Potentials and Constraintsa. Land Classification

25


Sulu’s total land area is recorded at 1,673.76 sq km of which 29.8 percent or 498.78 sq km are classified as alienable and disposable (A&D) lands, 70.2 percent or 1,174.98 sq km are forest lands. Of these, 70.06 percent or 1,172.75 sq km are unclassified forest lands while the remaining 0.14 percent or 2.23 sq km are classified as National Park pursuant to Presidential Proclamation No. 261 by then President Marcos dated March 1972.

If these unclassified forest lands will continue to remain as such, while population and economic activities are increasing overtime, congestion is likely to become a serious concern by the province. However there is an ongoing Forest Land Boundary Delineation Survey by DENR to determine the classification of land.

b.Land Suitability Land suitability refers to the classification of land into

categories based on the degree to which the characteristics of the land can satisfy the environmental requirements of specific crops without deterioration. Based on the land suitability criteria, land is classified into six (6) classes, namely: areas for irrigated rice or fresh water fishponds (Sr); areas for cultivated annual crops (Scc); for perennial tree and vine crops (Stv); for pasture/grazing (Spg); for tree plantation (Sp); and for production forest (Spf).

Of the province total land area of 167,376 ha 37.36 percent or 62,531.67 ha are suitable for irrigated rice or freshwater fishponds. These are areas with slope ranging from 0-3 percent. About 22.9 percent or 38,312.37 ha (3-8% slope) are

26

Table ___ Land Classification, 1991

ClassificationArea in square

kilometers

Percent Share

Alienable and Disposable 498.78 29.8

Forest Lands 1,174.98 70.2

Unclassified 1,172.75 70.06

National Park 2.23 0.14

Total 1,673.76 100

Source of Basic Data: National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA)

3.10


suitable for cultivated annual crops; 26 percent or 43,524.5 ha (8-18% slope); for perennial tree and vine crops; 10.47 percent or 17,524.17 ha (18-30% slope); for pastures and plantations, i.e., if land is not prone to erosions; 2.76 percent or 4,619.58 ha (30-50% slope) for pastures and production forests, if land is stable and is < 1,000 m elevation, respectively. While the remaining 0.51 percent or 853.62 ha are areas with slope of 50% and above and are only suited for protection forests (Table ___ Land Suitability Criteria).

c.Protection Areas – are identified portions of land and water set aside by reason of their unique physical and biological diversity and protected against human exploitation. It involve a concept of protection that embraces not only those that have to be protected from human occupation because of the destructive effect such occupation will have on the resource, but also due to the hazards posed by the area on human occupants. These areas may be categorized into three (3) general categories, namely: those falling within the National Integrated Protected Areas System or NIPAS; non-NIPAS; and environmentally constrained areas.

National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) The NIPAS Act of 1992 (RA 7586) was enacted to guide the classification and administration of all designated protected areas to maintain essential ecological processes and life-support system, preserve genetic diversity and ensure the sustainable use of resources found therein.

Sulu has a number of potential areas that could be considered as falling into this category. However, as of the present time only one area has been proclaimed (Proclamation No. 261, dated March 1972) as belonging under the NIPAS, the Bud Dahu National Park containing an area of approximately 223 ha.

According to Wikipedia (The Free Encyclopedia) Bud Dahu is the only volcano in Sulu that erupted in 1641 and 1897.

27


Non –NIPAS areas – areas with outstanding physical and aesthetic features, anthropological significance and biological diversity but are not yet included under NIPAS. These areas include, elevation > 1,000 masl; slope > 50%; mangrove forests; buffer strips; fresh water swamps and marshes; and eroded river banks. Sulu has three areas identified under this category namely: slope > 50% with a total area of 770.89 ha; lakes, swamps and marshes, 1,277.47 ha; and mangrove forests with 26,480.59 ha. Except the lakes which are found only in the mainland. The mangrove forests are predominantly found in the municipalities of Panglima Tahil, Panglima Estino, Parang, Maimbung and Banguingui.

Environmentally constrained areas or areas prone to natural hazards, e.g., typhoon, tsunami, storm surge, volcanic, severe flooding, earthquake, landslides ( earthquake or rain- induced) and severe erosions.

Although Sulu is outside the typhoon belt some of its municipalities are still prone to natural hazards. Jolo, Patikul, Panamao, Parang and Maimbung are prone to flooding. Records show, that these municipalities had experienced flooding in the past years but the hardest hit was Jolo where some 24,247 persons or 4,416 families were affected, seven (7) dead and 63 injured. The coastal areas of the municipalities of Jolo, Patikul, Panamao, Pandami, Pangutaran,Hadji Panglima Tahil, Indanan, Talipao, Banguingui and Siasi also experienced storm surges.

A total of 3,150 families were affected and about 1,500 houses were damaged during the 2009, 2011 and 2014 events. The presence of an active volcano in Bud Dahu, Patikul may also expose the area to volcanic hazards. Likewise, the Sulu trench can expose the province to earthquake, tsunami and landslides. In terms of tsunami, the municipalities that will be mostly affected are Pangutaran, Hadji Panglima Tahil and Banguingui, since these are island municipalities with very low terrain.

28


In addition, soil erosion is becoming a serious concern of the province. In 1991 severe soil erosion (E3) had already affected 5,476 ha, 3.42 percent of Sulu’s total land area. In the same period, aggregate areas of 115,875 ha or roughly 72 percent were losing out to slight erosion (E1), moderate (E2), and unclassified (E4) soil erosions. Only 39,689 hectares or 25 percent of the total area remained with no apparent soil erosion (EO) at all (Table___).

Other areas - these are areas intended for agricultural development, technically these are categorized as the Network of Protected Agricultural Areas for Development (NPAAD). In Sulu these are the areas planted to rice, coffee, coconut trees and fruit trees.

Figure 10: Land Classification Map of Sulu

29

Table ___ Soil Erosion, 1991

Category/Level Area (hectares)

Percent (%)

EO (No Apparent Erosion)

39,689 24.8

EI (Slight Erosion) 38,277 23.92E2 (Moderate Erosion)

74,838 46.76

E3 (Severe Erosion)

5,476 3.42

E4 (Unclassified Erosion)

1,760 1.1

Total 160,040 100Source: Bureau of Soil and Water Management

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000


N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Land Classification MapAgriculturalBuilt-up areaForestMangroveOpen grasslandOpen spaceSwampWaterbody


BIA"08Source: JICA

3.11


Figure 11: Land Suitability Map of Sulu

Source : PPFP, Sulu, 1996Figure 12: NPAAD Map

30

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

690000 690000


N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Sulu_NIPASAlienable/DisposableCommunal_ForestForest_ReserveMiscellaneousNational_ParkReforestation_ProjectUnclassifiedUnclassified_Public_Forest


BIA"08Source: JICA


Figure 13: Erosion Map

Table ____ Soil Erosion, In HectaresSOIL EROSION AREA (in hectares)

Moderate 54,920No Apparent 49,951Severe 5,399Slight 38,035

31

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000


N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Sulu_ErosionModerate_ErosionNo_Apparent_ErosionSevere_ErosionSlight_ErosionUnclassified_Erosion


BIA"08Source: JICA

3.12


Unclassified 1,360 TOTAL

149,669

Source: Soil Erosion Map

3.4

Economy3.4.1Economic Structure

a. External Context

The Joint Probability Table shows that agriculture is the dominant sector in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) accounting for 53.3 Percent of the total regional income in 2009. Far second in terms of share is the Service-Related sector which account for 14.8 percent, closely followed by the Undefined and the Wholesale/Retail Trade sectors with 12.9 and 11.6 percent shares, respectively. Transportation/Storage and Communication with 4.7 percent share, Manufacturing with 1.4 percent share. The smallest shares were contributed by the Construction and Mining/Quarrying sectors with less than one (1) percent each.

Meanwhile, the same table shows that of the five (5) provinces under the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), the province of Maguindanao accounts for the largest share with 31.4 percent of the region’s total income of approximately PhP 36.20 B in 2009 (Data Matrix). The second largest is Lanao del Sur with 23.5 percent share, closely followed by Sulu with 21.8 percent share. The Provinces of Tawi-Tawi and Basilan almost had the same contribution at roughly 12 percent share each to the region’s total income. Compared to the National Economy, the share of the Autonomous

32

54,920 49,951

5,399

38,035

1,360

149,669

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

Moderate No Apparent Severe Slight UnclassifiedTOTAL

AREA (in hectares)


Region in Muslim Mindanao was estimated at 1.5 percent of the national income of PhP 2,377.76 B (Data Matrix) earned in 2009.

b. Patterns of Industry Concentration and Specialization

Concentration – is defined as a situation where the presence of an industry in the province (measured in terms employment, value of production or income) is greater than if the industry is evenly distributed across the entire region. Given this definition, Agriculture is dominated by Maguindanao with 29.4 percent share, followed closely by Sulu with 25.6 percent. Third in terms of share to the sector’s income is Lanao del Sur with 23.5 percent share. Manufacturing is likewise dominated by Maguindanao with 40.7 percent with Tawi-Tawi as the second contributor to the sector’s output with 28.7 percent share. Service-Related, Wholesale/Retail Trade and the undefined sectors are also dominated by Maguindanao. Mining and Quarrying is dominated by Sulu with 49.4 percent, followed by Tawi-Tawi with 34.6 percent share. However, this situation may have already changed in favor of Tawi-Tawi since there are now on-going mining operations in Tawi-Tawi unlike in Sulu which is limited to quarrying activities only. Meanwhile, the Construction sector is dominated by Lanao del Sur with 34.6 percent, followed closely by Maguindanao with 32 percent. Transportation, Storage and Communication is likewise dominated by Lanao del Sur with 33.6 percent share (Table 3.13).

Specialization – is defined as a situation where the economy of a province is dominated by a specific industry or it simply gives an indication of the extent to which a province specializes in a particular industry and that looking at the row totals of the Specialization Table we can see that the economies of all the five (5) provinces of the

33

Agri/Fish/ Mining Manufac- Construc- Service- Wholesale Trans/Stor/Forestry Quarrying turing tion Related Retail Comm'n

Basilan 11.8 0.0 10.8 9.1 9.9 9.1 14.2 14.1 Lanao del Sur 23.5 16.0 13.5 34.6 19.2 27.9 33.6 22.0 Maguindanao 29.4 0.0 40.7 32.0 31.7 34.5 28.5 38.1 Sulu 25.6 49.4 6.3 12.3 18.6 20.5 17.9 13.6 Tawi-Tawi 9.7 34.6 28.7 12.0 20.6 8.0 5.8 12.2

ARMM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

column (by industry); it gives an indication of the relative concentration of an industry among the provinces/cities.

Province/City Undefined

Kind of Business Activity/Industry

Conditional Probability: Concentration

Note : The concentration table is derived by dividing each cell in the Data Matrix by its column total. It is interpreted by

( In Percent.. Details may not add up to totals due to rounding) Table___ Shares of Total Family Income by Household Head, Kind of Business/Industry in ARMM: 2009

3.13


ARMM followed the overall pattern with agriculture accounting for the largest share of the regional income. Sulu and Basilan specialized most in Agriculture with 62.6 and 54.6 percent share, respectively. Followed closely by Lanao del Sur with 53.1 percent, Maguindanao with 49.7 percent and Tawi-Tawi with 44.4 percent share, indicating that the economy of the ARMM region is still Agriculture.

Distribution of Family Income by Household Head, Kind of Business /Industry in Sulu

The Histogram below shows that the economy of the province is dominated by the Agriculture sector. It accounts for 62.6 percent of the province’s income of about PhP 7.9 billion earned in 2009. Far second is the Service-Related sector with 12.7 percent share of the total income, followed closely by the Wholesale/Retail Trade sector with 10.9 percent share. The fourth contributor is the undefined or informal sector with 8.1 percent share. The fifth and sixth contributors are Transportation/Storage/Communication and Mining/Quarrying sectors with 3.8 and 1.0 percent shares, respectively. The Construction and Manufacturing sectors are the least contributors with an almost equal share of 0.5 percent of the provincial income.

c.Basic Sector and Corresponding Industries of the

Province

Agriculture, fishery and forestry

As earlier stated, the economy of Sulu is dominated by the Agricultural sector accounting for 62.6 percent of the province’s total family income. To a large extent, this situation could be attributed to the relatively large area of agricultural land mainly planted to coconut, coffee, and abaca as well as to the province’s access to the four major fishing grounds of Dual Bullod, Teomabal, Sulare and Selum. Aside from the three (3) major crops mentioned above, the province is also a producer of other agricultural crops, such as, banana, coffee, abaca, vegetable, palay, cassava and mango. In addition, Sulu is also endowed with exotic fruits, like, durian, mangosteen and lanzones. Most of these crops are planted under coconut trees, a common practice in the province.

With regard to specific industry characteristics, the following are the leading agri-based industries namely: 1) Coconut Industry; 2)

34


Coffee Industry; 3) Abaca Industry; 4) Fishing Industry; and 5) Seaweeds Industry (succeeding sections below).

Figure 14: Specialization: Sulu Shares of Total Family Income by Household Head, Kind of Business/Industry, 2009

1. Coconut Industry

Coconut is widely grown throughout the province covering an area of 64,360 hectares with about 6.3 million trees of which about 5.9 million are fruit bearing with an average yield of roughly 3.3 metric tons of copra per hectare. The largest producers among the 17 coconut producing municipalities of the province are Pangutaran with 25,648.97 metric tons of copra, Parang with 23,127.17 metric tons and Panamao with 20,720.28 metric tons. The total production of the province is recorded at 210,249.93 metric tons. First, this commodity is processed by the coco planters into copra from matured coconuts,

35

Kind of Business/Industry


sold to the three (3) product consolidators locally known as “Bodegueros” which are all located in the Municipality of Indanan. In turn, these consolidators shift this commodity to the oil millers in Zamboanga City after bagging via the Port of Jolo. Aside from copra, the coco planters are also producing charcoal from coconut shells and are sold at the local market for domestic consumption either for cooking, ironing or for use by the local blacksmith shops in the area..

However, while this industry is performing well at present there are still a number of concerns that need to be addressed to improve product quality, increase productivity and value added. These include: 1) Construction/improvement/upgrading of Farm-to-Market Roads (FMRs); 2) Establishment of more buying stations; 3) Provision of pre and post harvest facilities; 4) Revitalization of the Coconut Replanting Program; and 5) Introduction of product technologies, e.g., activated carbon, charcoal briquette, coconut sugar, desiccated coconut, and coco - coir but more importantly, the improvement of peace and security in the entire province to ensure the safety of the industry players.

2. Coffee Industry

The Coffee Industry is one of the oldest and important industries in the province as local residents specially the adults and elderly ones depend so much on brewed coffee as their daily beverage. It started as a backyard industry to cater the needs of the locals’ years back and that, as local population increased over the years the demand for coffee also increased. Hence, coffee production expanded to commercial from subsistence, but only four (4) municipalities (Patikul, Indanan, Panamao and Talipao) are into commercial production out 15 coffee producing municipalities in the province. As of 2012 there are already 73 barangays with individual and coop farmers engaged in coffee farming in an area of about 2,179.7 ha spread in 15 municipalities of the province out of nineteen (19) with a combined production of 6,795 mt or an average yield of 3.12 mt per hectare. This is higher than the national average of 2.5 mt/ha indicating that Sulu has comparative advantage over other coffee producers in the country. Largely, this could be attributed to the favourable climate and fertile soils of the province. Around 96 percent of the total coffee area is located in the municipalities of Patikul, Parang, Panglima Estino and Talipao. The remaining 4 percent are distributed in the eleven (11) other coffee producing municipalities with Pandami and Pata having the smallest area at 2 ha each (Table 3.14).

36


Production inputs, e.g., fertilizers, decease and pest control materials, containers for fresh and dried berries during harvesting and drying periods, jute sacks for bagging of parchment coffee and clean coffee beans can be source out from the provincial capital, while the labour are available right in the coffee producing municipalities. Packing materials for ground coffee, such as paper and clear plastic bags or plastic foils are also available at the provincial market.

As stated in the preceding paragraph, the outputs of the industry is limited to fresh and dried berries, parchment coffee, clean coffee beans or green coffee as well as ground coffee packed either in paper bags, clear plastic bags or plastic foils (aroma packed). In terms of market, Philippine demand for green coffee is placed at 64,000 mt/annum and is expected to increase by 5 percent annually to meet the raw material requirements of the manufacturers of blended coffee and the ever increasing demand for pure ground coffee since most of the Chinese had shifted their habit as tea drinker to brewed coffee drinker. At present, coffee in the province is sold in different forms, e.g., fresh berries, parchment coffee, dried cherries and green coffee or cleaned coffee beans.

If in need of immediate cash, the small coffee growers sell their fresh berries directly to the traders either in the municipality where their farm is located or to the provincial traders usually located in the capital town. Normally, berries are first dried and then brought to the miller to mill the berries for a fee. Oftentimes, the miller also buys the parchment coffee, further process to remove the hull and the silver skin to produce cleaned coffee beans or green coffee. At present however, Sulu has no legitimate miller so to speak, what the province has are traders numbering to about fifty (50) located in Jolo, Indanan and Patikul and thus, green coffee are still produced using the crude method. This commodity is then sold to the small-time processors of ground coffee in Jolo, one Processor (into commercial production) in

37

Table____Coffee Production: Volume, Area and YieldProduction Unit 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Volume Tons 5,450 5,244 5,462.50 7,200 6,795Area ha 2,423.75 2,185 2,423.75 2,423.75 2,179.70Yield Tons/ha 2.248 2.4 2.25 2.97 3.118

Source: DA-Sulu

3.14


Panamao. Outputs of these processors are sold to the local consumers: various coffee shops in the province and local residents. The excess volume of green coffee is shifted out to the processors in Zamboanga City via the Port of Jolo.

With the establishment of the Coffee Center at the Capitol site in Patikul, the processing of green coffee can now be facilitated using the mini roaster and grinding machine of the Centre. The establishment of the Centre was initiated by DTI, supported by the Provincial Government and managed by the Provincial Cooperative Union (PCU). It is primarily intended to cater the processing needs of coop farmers. The Centre is now producing quality ground coffee in plastic foils (aroma packed) and sold to local consumers, e.g., various coffee shops scattered throughout the province, individual households and in trade fairs and exhibits.

As a flagship industry of the province, it now enjoys the full support of the government both from the local and regional line agencies (RLAs). The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) for example has already introduced some interventions to improve productivity and quality of green and ground coffee. These include: the establishment of coffee centre in Patikul and the provision of support service facilities (SSF) in barangays Bilaan and Jinggan all in the municipality of Talipao.

However, to really increase production/productivity, product quality and value added and to include Sulu in the Philippine Map as one of the green coffee producers of the country there are still a lot of concerns that need to be addressed. These concerns are: 1) construction/rehabilitation/upgrading of farm-to-market roads; 2) construction of solar or mechanical drier in strategic areas of the coffee producing municipalities (CPMs); 3) establishment of milling stations for pulping, hulling and removal of silverskin of parchment coffee, also in strategic areas of CPMs; 4) training of farmers on the selection of farm sites, planting materials including planting, fertilization, control of pest and diseases, pruning and rejuvenation of old unproductive trees, harvesting and drying of fresh berries, as well as the utilization of by-products such the coffee pulp, husk and leaves.

38


On the one hand, the pulp and husk from processing coffee could be used as compost and fertilizer materials.

From the pulp and husk of a one ton green coffee, 12 kg N, 3 kg P2O2 and 25 kg K2O could be obtained to supplement inorganic fertilizer which is sometimes not available and costly. It takes 60-90 days for the materials to decompose. Thus, decomposed pulp and husk should be return to coffee farm or plantation. On the other hand, coffee leaves contain essential fatty acids which when dried could be used in cattle concentrate to: 1) improve the taste of the feed; 2) extend the lactation period; 3) increase the nutritive effect of the concentrates increasing the body weight of cattle by 10 percent as compared to other cattle feed with the same concentrates without leaves; and 4) stabilize the vitamin A of the concentrates.

3.ABACA INDUSTRY

The abaca industry, though one of the oldest industries in the province is until now, just producing fiver unlike in other abaca producing provinces of the country, especially those in Luzon, are already producing other products out of fiber, e.g., abaca fabric, twines and ropes and other cottage industry products. The farmers of Sulu has not yet venture into product diversification, which may largely be attributed to the absence of technology and access to market information and capital. It may be worthy to note, that at present the Sulu farmers are still using the crude method of producing fibers, the main reason why labor productivity is low recorded at only 15 kilograms per stripper/day not to mention that the stripped fibers are also of poor quality.

However, be it as it may, the province of Sulu is still the largest in terms of area planted and production of abaca fibers in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) accounting for 60 percent of the total production of the region.

39

Table _____ Area Planted to AbacaProduction

(MT)Indanan 1,483.38 1,186.70Kalinggalan Caluang 41.6 33.28

Maimbung 25 20Patikul 1.352.45 1,081.96Talipao 1,018.20 814.56Omar 84.5 67.6 4,005.13 3,204.10

Municipality Area in hectares

Source: FIDA-Sulu

3.15


The Province is also the fifth largest producer of abaca fibers in the entire country (Table 3.15).

Of the total area of about 4,005 hectares (ha) planted to abaca, roughly 96.23 percent are located in the municipalities of Indanan, Patikul and Talipao. The remaining 3.77 percent are found in Omar, Kalinggalang Kaluang and Maimbung with a combined fiber production of 3,204.104 mt or 800 kgs/ha, slightly lower than the national average of 850 kgs/ha. This shows that the planting of abaca in the province is also not scientifically done or are simply crudely done.

Market for abaca fiber is unlimited both at the national and international markets, but sad to say that the abaca planters in Sulu did not grab this opportunity by increasing their production and thus, increasing their share in the market. They are just contented with their present production that they could hardly earn a modest income to meet their basic needs. As earlier cited this situation may be attributed to the absence of technology and access to market information and capital. Likewise, the unavailability of infrastructure support facilities like driers, warehouses and farm-to-market roads also contributed to the situation and thus, to increase production and productivity, value added and improvement of product quality, the following need to be undertaken or introduced:

1) Construction/rehabilitation/upgrading of farm-to-market - roads (FMRs);

2) Training of farmers on the selection of plant materials, planting and processing including the provision of mechanized machineries;

3) Construction of mechanical or solar dyers and warehouses in strategic areas within the abaca producing municipalities; and

4) Training of farmers and other stakeholders in the production of cottage industry products using abaca fibers which was already started by DTI under its OTOP-ATISP Program (Table ____).

4.FISHING INDUSTRY The strength of the fishing industry in Sulu is anchored on its

access to the four (4) major fishing grounds of the province (Section c, paragraph 1). Its main products consist of fresh fishes of all species but the most common ones are tuna, grouper, mackerel, “maya-maya”, “talakito”, anchovy, pandora, blue marline. salmon and sardines.

40


These fishes are caught mainly within the municipal waters of the province, particularly in the four (4) major fishing grounds of Dual Bullod, Teomabal, Sulare and Selum.

The catches of the municipal fishermen are sold at the local markets throughout the province, while those of the commercial ones are shipped out to Zamboanga City, more specifically, tuna, grouper, maya-maya, talakito and mackerel which are then either sold in the major market outlets of the City or shipped out to other cities in Mindanao like Iligan and Cagayan de Oro through the fish carriers. Crustaceans such as “Curatcha” and blue crabs are also abundantly caught in the municipal waters of the province. Bulk of the catches are shipped out to Zamboanga and sold to seafoods restaurants in the city or brought to Manila as pasalubong.

The rich and vast areas of fishery resources continuously attract commercial fishing vessels from other cities/provinces into the municipal waters of Sulu placing the local fishermen at a disadvantage position since these fishermen are not equipped with modern fishing technology like the fish finder and state of the art fishing paraphernalia of the commercial fishing vessels. Local fishermen especially those using non-motorized banca, complained that their catch are not getting better over the years, as a result some have resorted to using destructive methods of fishing to improve their catch just as to meet their days’ end needs. Some have also organized themselves into fishermen association to improve their fishing capability but still are not competitive with those of the poachers and thus, if this will not be addressed, the local fishing industry will negatively be affected. It should noted that about 66 percent or 2/3 of the total population are directly or indirectly dependent on this industry as their source of livelihood.

To ensure the sustainability of the local fishing industry, the following should be pursued vigorously: 1) Formulation of Local Fishery Ordinance by all municipalities; 2) Strengthen/Organize Bantay Dagat Brigade in all municipalities; 3) Organize more fishermen’s associations and provide the necessary assistances in terms of training, financial and equipment support and facilities; 4) Construction/improvement of fish port and/or fish landing in strategic areas within the province; and 5) Construction of Ice Plant and Cold Storage (IPCS).

41


Table 17: Number of Fishermen Association

Source: BFAR-Sulu, 2014

5. SEAWEEDS INDUSTRY The Seaweeds Industry in Sulu is one of the major providers of

raw materials in the production of carrageenan in the country, either as semi-dried or dried seaweeds, as such is also one of the major agri-

42

ProductionNumber of

Non-Motorized

Production

(m.t.) Bancas (m.t.)Indanan 217 1,627.50 219 876Jolo 264 2,112 265 1,007K.Caluang 198 1,489.20 207 828Lugus 119 892.5 138 621Luuk 187 1,402.50 195 780Maimbung 184 1,380 190 760Panamao 75 682.5 90 450Pandami 103 803.4 119 535.5Panglima Estino 60 480 78 390Panglima Tahil 253 1,897.50 256 972.8Pangutaran 124 992 157 628Parang 189 1,417.50 205 779Pata 100 800 150 600Patikul 158 1,185 183 732Siasi 204 1,530 255 969Talipao 88 721.6 122 549Tapul 177 1,327.50 184 736Banguingui 250 1,875 267 1,014.60TOTAL 2,950 22,615.70 3,280 13,227.90Source: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Sulu

MunicipalityNumber of Motorized Bancas

Table ___Number of Fishing Bancas & Fish Production

Municipality Number Organized

Number of members

Jolo 1 22Lugus 1 49Maimbung 3 94Pandami 1 20Panglima Tahil 3 55

TOTAL 9 240

3.16

Table 3.11


based industries of the province where majority of the fisher folks are its beneficiaries particularly those living along the coastal waters. Of which ninety (90) percent of the area of these coastal waters are suitable for the culture of seaweeds both for the Eucheuma and Cappiphycus species. In 2013, a total of 3,233 hectares of coastal water were planted to seaweeds with a total production of 46,841 m.t. or 46,841,000 kgs. At P30.00/kg this translates to roughly P1.4 billion.

In consideration of the unlimited market for carrageenan in the world market both as food agents and industrial additives and the potential areas for expansion of seaweeds farming, no doubt that the seaweeds industry in the province is likely to expand but, this can only be realized if the following interventions (other than those already provided by DTI, e.g., Industry Cluster, OTOP Project) are put in place. These interventions are: 1) Organization and training of seaweeds farmers; 2) Provision of pre-and-post harvest facilities; 3) easy access to liberalized credit assistance; 4) adequate and dependable transportation, power and water supply; and 5) improvement of peace and security in the area.

The expansion of the foregoing industry will greatly contribute to the growth of the local economy. Its expansion will generate additional revenue for the local government units (LGUs), increase employment

43

Table ____Seaweed Production by municipalitySeaweed

Area Production Potential(has.) (m.t.) Area

Indanan 110 402 160Kalinggalan Caluang 160 1,500 160

Lugus 150 1,416 140Luuk 120 606 170Maimbung 100 3,780 200Panamao 105 750 176Pandami 300 5,000 380Panglima Estino 80 2,000 70

Panglima Tahil 460 5,000 360Pangutaran 135 1,039 170Parang 130 2,500 220Pata 140 2,050 180Patikul 150 1,400 150Siasi 500 12,000 600Talipao 70 1,200 100Tapul 123 1,448 150Banguingi (Tongkil) 400 4,750 400

TOTAL 3,233 46,841 3,786Source: BFAR-Sulu

Municipality

3.18


opportunities or job placements, increase family income and above all, open a venue for the establishment of other economic activities as its backward and forward linkages.

Table _____DTI Intervention for Seaweeds

Mining As earlier stated, there are no mining activities in the entire

province. The only activity is quarrying mostly located in the municipality of Patikul. Its main products are construction aggregates for use by the local construction industry. The mining operation in Sulu is not expected to happen since there are no reported deposits of minerals, either metallic or non-metallic unlike in the other provinces of the region like Tawi-Tawi which is endowed with mineral resources and with on-going mining operations.

Manufacturing The manufacturing activities in the province are minimal. The only activities at present are: 1) Processing of green coffee beans into ground coffee packed either in paper bags or plastic foils; 2) fish drying; 3) cloth weaving; 4) farm implements fabrication; and 5) some cottage industry activities, like mat weaving, bag making out of locally woven cloth, among others. The expansion of the manufacturing sector will greatly depend on the growth and development of the Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry sector and the putting in place of the earlier identified interventions.

44

3.19


Services The Service sector is dominated by the Service-Related subsector with 2.8 percent share of the total family income of the region, followed by the wholesale and retail trade subsector with 2.4 percent share while transportation, storage and communication with less than 1 percent (Table____). Like the Manufacturing sector, the expansion of the Services sector will also depend on the growth and development of the Agriculture sector coupled with the identified interventions that should be in place.

Within the mainland, the expansion of the Wholesale/Retail

Trade is expected in the adjacent towns of Jolo (Patikul and Indanan) since it is already very congested at more than 5,000 persons/sq km. In the Siasi Group of Islands it will be in Siasi. In the Pangutaran Group, it will be in Pangutaran.

Tourism The Tourism Industry in Sulu is not yet recognized as an industry, perhaps it is just considered as one of the Service-Related subsector in spite of the province’s rich historical and cultural features and potential sites for the development of world class resorts. Largely, this situation could be attributed to the relatively poor peace and order conditions in the province brought by the presence of the Abu Sayyap Group (ASG), a kidnap for ransom group, family feud and other misguided elements. The presence of these groups are the main reasons for the business sector not to venture in the development of the tourist drawing potentials of the area and in the establishment of world class hotel accommodations.

The development of the Tourism Industry in Sulu greatly depends on the Peace and Order situation in the area. If this situation is fully controlled, more investments can be expected not only in tourist – oriented facilities but also in other economic activities like manufacturing, trade and commerce, transportation, communication, and storages. However, to make this happen there is also a need to upgrade the existing airport and the ports of Jolo and Siasi, upgrading

45


of provincial roads and the construction of new ones as well as the construction/rehabilitation and upgrading of barangay roads in all municipalities and in increasing the capacities of the power and water utility sector.

3.4.2Potentials for Contributing to Local Economic Growth

The industries that have potentials for contributing to local

economic growth are: the coconut industry, coffee industry, abaca industry, fishing industry and seaweeds industries. These industries will certainly generate more income and employment to the residents of Sulu, that is, if all the recommendations cited in Section 3.4.1c are put in place by the end of the Plan Period. As this happened more products either semi-finished or finished product are produced utilizing local raw materials. For example: coco-coir from coconut husk, abaca twine and ropes from abaca fiber, fish fillet from fresh fish and many more. As a result, this will open new avenue for the establishment of other economic activities particularly those that have backward and forward linkages with the existing industries, such as, the production of packaging materials, farm implements/tools fabrication, warehousing, cold storages, transportation, among others.

3.4.3 Economic Base Industries (Basic Industries)

With a Location Quotient (LQ) of 1.17, the Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector/Industry is considered as the Basic or Export Industry of Sulu. Its main products are copra, green coffee beans, abaca fiber, fresh fishes, curacha and blue crabs and dried seaweeds

3.4.3.1 Local Factors

The local factors that may enhance competitiveness and efficiency of the identified agri-based industries in Section 3.4.1c are the following:

1) Availability of open lands suitable for all types of crops;2) Favorable climate;3) Availability of farmers, fisher folks associations and cooperatives;4) Accessibility to local and foreign markets;5) Accessibility to ports and airports;

46


6) Accessibility to training facilities that can provide training for the skills needed by the industry;

7) Accessibility to internet service; and8) Accessibility to local capital.

3.4.3.2 Summary

In terms of concentration, the province of Sulu is only second to Maguindanao with 25.6 percent share of the total income earned by the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) in 2009. The Province also specializes more in Agriculture accounting for 62.8 percent of the total income earned by the Province in 2009. As such, given this situation, the growth of Sulu’s economy will significantly affect the growth of ARMM’s economy. With respect to the national economy the impact of its growth is relatively nil.

Of the five agri-based industries identified, the coffee, fishing and seaweeds industries are the best industries that can contribute to the growth of the local economy. The Coffee Industry has comparative advantage over other green coffee bean producers in the country in terms productivity. The average yield of green coffee bean per hectare was recorded at 3.12 metric tons higher than the national average at 2.5 mt/ha, which could be attributed to the favorable climate and fertile lands suitable to all types of crops. The Fishing Industry also has the potentials to increase and diversify its production as there is still large volume of fishes in the municipal water of the province more specifically in the four major fishing grounds of the province and that, on account of the unlimited market for carrageenan in the world market and the vast areas of coastal waters suitable for the culture seaweeds indicate the Seaweeds Industry still have a bright prospect for expansion.

47


II. Annexesa. List of Producers in Sulu

48

LIST OF COOP. PRODUCERSSulu ProvinceNO. Cooperative Name Address Contact No. Business Activity/Product

1 Alu Layag Multi-Purpose Cooperative Brgy. Alu Layag, Parang, Sulu 9189193209 Marketing-Buy & Sell copra, abaca

2 Bagsak Bunch Multi-Purpose Cooperative Bagsak, Talipao, Sulu 0 Agri-Marine Producers

3 Bangsamoro Fishing and Farming MPC Serantes Street, Jolo, Sulu 0 Fishing-Agri Products

4 Bayog Bodega Multi-Purpose Cooperative Bayog Bodega, Talipao, Sulu 0 Producers-Rice, Corn

5 Bitanag Agricultural Producers Cooperative Bitanag, Panamao, Sulu 9264216402 Producers-Abaca, Copra

6 Bukid Livelihood Agricultural Producers Cooperative Brgy. Wanni Piyanjihan, Parang, Sulu 9159869676 Producers-Rice, Corn

7 Burick Multi-Purpose Cooperative Binuang, Talipao, Sulu 0 Marketing-Banana

8 Capual Agri-Marine Multi-Purpose Cooperative Capual, Omar, Sulu 9176318785 Marketing-Seaweeds, Dried Fish

9 Duay Bullod United Fishfolks and Landowners MPC Barangay Dungon, Tongkil, Sulu , 9218712342 Marketing-Seaweeds

10 Egangan Agri-Marine Multi-Purpose Cooperative Silangkan, Parang, Sulu , 0 Producers-Copra, Abaca

11 High Light Agri-Marine Producers Cooperative Kulay - Kulay, Panamao, Sulu 9058649073 Producer-Lobster

12Gata Gata Panglima Estino MNLF Multi-Purpose Cooperative

Gata Gata, Panglima Estino, Sulu 9068104696 Agri-Marine Marketing

13 Gimbahanon Sug Livelihood Agricultural Producers Coop. Barangay Wanni Piyanjihan, Parang, Sulu 9262688538 Producers-Seaweeds

14 Kahoy Sinah Agri-Marine Multi-Purpose Cooperative Kahoy Sinah, Pitutan, Parang, Sulu 9272932440 Marketing-Copra, Abaca, Saeweeds

15 Kajatian Businessmen Multi-Purpose Cooperative Km.2, Barangay Kajatian, Indanan, Sulu 9089553417 Marketing-Copra, Abaca

16Kakuyagan Sin Gimba Livelihood Agricultural Producers Coop

Bunot, Indanan, Sulu 0 Producer-Cassava

17 Kandangan Agri-Marine Multi-Purpose Cooperative Kandangan, Panamao, Sulu 906807089 Producer-Dried Fish

18 Kulasi Agri-Marine Multi-Purpose Cooperative Barangay Kulasi, Maimbung, Sulu 0 Marketing-Seaweeds

19 Lubok-Lubok Multi-Purpose Cooperative Lubok-Lubok, Panglima Estino, Sulu 0 Marketing-Dried Fish

20 Lugus Alu Bus-Bus Seaweeds Multi-Purpose Cooperative Barangay Alu, Bus-Bus, Lugus, Sulu 0 Producer-Seaweeds


3.4.4 Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry49

21 Makkam Multi-Purpose Coooperative Upper Tambaking, Maimbung, Sulu , 9298970414 Producer-Rubber

22 Mangal Mangal Agri-Marine Multi-Purpose Cooperative Mangal Mangal, Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu 9201912427 Producer-Vegetable Products

23 Notre Dame of Sulu Arts and Crafts MPC ND Jolo College Campus, Bus-Bus Street,Jolo, Sulu 9177233644 Marketing-Arts & Crafts

24 Pagkasilasa Agri-Marine Producers Cooperative Barangay Kawitan, Pangutaran, Sulu 0 Producer-Agri-Marine

25 Moro Vinta Agri-Marine Producers Cooperative Patian, Omar, Sulu 9350579232 Producer-Lobster, Crabs

26 Panglima Saipudin Agri-Fishery MPC Barangay Saipudin, Laminusa, Siasi, Sulu 9106034338 Marketing-Agri-Fishery Product

27 Pangutaran Health System Multi-Purpose Cooperative Barangay Simbahan, Pangutaran, Sulu 9189064146 Serv ice-Medical Serv ices

28 Panitikan Farmers and Fishermen's MPC Barangay Panitikan, Pangutaran, Sulu 9058649073 Marketing-Agri-Marine

29 Pantao Agricultural Farming Multi-Purpose Cooperative Pantao, Talipao, Sulu 9068539600 Producer-Cassava, Rice, Corn

30-Parang Progressive Livelihood Agricultural Producers Coop

Barangay Tukay, Parang, Sulu 9177101762 Producer-Handicraft

31Parang-Indanan Kasanyangan Agricultural Producers Coop

Barangay Sapah Malaum, Indanan, Sulu 0 Producer-Vegetable Products

32 Patian Seaweeds Multi-Purpose Cooperative Patian, Pata, Sulu 9166428814 Marketing-Seaweeds

33 Patong-Patong Multi-Purpose Cooperative Sitio, Barangay Kaha, Parang, Sulu 0 Marketing-Bamboo Products

34 Payuhan Multi-Purpose Cooperative Barangay Payuhan, Parang, Sulu 0 Producers-Mat Weaving

35 PDC Bangas Multi-Purpose Cooperative Barangay Bangas, Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu 0 Marketing-Lobster, Pin Shark

36 Puh-Puh Multi-Purpose Cooperative Angilan, Luuk, Sulu 9267629292 Consumers-Fishing Materials

37 Sahaya Buhanginan Multi-Purpose Cooperative Brgy. Buhanginan, Patikul, Sulu 0 Marketing-Argi-Marine products

38 Sihnag Multi-Purpose Cooperative Punay, Panglima Estino, Sulu 9268712019 Marketing-Mat Weav ing

39 Sinag Kababaihan Multi-Purpose Cooperative Walled City , Jolo, Sulu 9177110431 Producers-Arts & Crafts

40 SJ Bangkoruan Seaweeds Farmers MPC Cabucan Island, Hadji Panglima Tahil, Sulu 9053173392 Marketing-Seaweeds

41 Subangan Multi-Purpose Cooperative Pitogo, Kalingalan Caluang, Sulu 9263300198 Marketing-Agri-Marine products

42 Sulu Rural Improvement Multi-Purpose Cooperative Barangay Manggis, Indanan, Sulu 0 Marketing-Cassava

43 Suntuan Multi Purpose Cooperative Barangay Bangkal, Patikul, Sulu 0 Producers-Sea Shells

44 Tiptipon Kasambuhan Multi-Purpose Cooperative Tiptipon, Panglima Estino, Sulu 9275688208 Marketing- Sea Foods

45 Tiumabal Seaweeds Multi-Purpose Cooperative Barangay Tiumabal, Maimbung, Sulu 0 Producers-Seaweeds

46 Tongkil-Patikul Enterpreneurs Multi-Purpose Cooperative Kasanyangan, Patikul, Sulu 0 Marketing-handicrafts

47 Tulling Farmworkers Multi-Purpose Cooperative Tulling, Siasi, Sulu 9265564232 Producers-Rubber, cacao

48 Tumangas Multi-Purpose Cooperative Tumangas Proper, Parang, Sulu 9268729343 Marketing-Agri-Marine products


Sulu is predominantly an agriculture area planted with a variety of agricultural products. Out of the total land area of 167,376 hectares, about 94,500 hectares (56%) comprises the agricultural land based from the data of DA (Table 3.20)

CROPS The major agricultural crops in Sulu are coconut, cassava, abaca, coffee, banana, mango and exotic fruits like durian, lanzones, mangosteen, etc. Rice, corn and vegetables are also produced in the province. Intercropping and multi-cropping are commonly practiced especially in coco-based farms. The estimates on areas planted to various crops, therefore, may not be simply added but understood to mean equivalent hectare for specific crops.

Coconut is widely grown throughout the province which covers an area of 80,002 hectares with 6,394,434 trees based from PCA data. Yield of coconut varies from 3-4 MT per hectare as copra. Coconut production was utilized mostly for copra and charcoal-making due to lack of technical know-how on coco-based processing.

50

Table 3.24 Agricultural Land Area by Municipality

Municipality Total Land Area (Has.)

Agricultural Land (Has.)

Indanan 10,190 8,759Jolo 1,660 -K.Caluang 5,583 3,350Lugus 3,540 2,422Luuk 16,712 11,610Maimbung 4,790 3,520Panglima Tahil 4,950 128Panamao 5,110 2,300Pandami 8,699 3,619Panglima Estino 4,500 1,000

Pangutaran 25,810 2,687Parang 9,740 5,827Pata 5,860 5,508Patikul 17,930 15,750Siasi 10,252 4,875Talipao 14,100 12,690Tapul 5,550 3,015Banguingui (Tongkil) 12,400 7,440

Total 167,376 94,500Source: Department of Agriculture-Sulu

Table 3.20 Agricultural land area by municipality


Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the most important rootcrop in the tropics and ranks 4th after rice, wheat, and corn as a source of calories for human consumption. In the Philippines, it is utilized as food, feeds, alcohol and the emerging biofuel industry. The demand for cassava in the Philippines is not met due to lack of planting materials of the high yielding varieties (HYVs) and the lack of capability to mass propagate the HYVs.

Cassava is a traditional crop in Sulu and a staple food for majority of the “Tausugs”. As of CY-2012, area planted to cassava is 2,046 hectares with a production of 25,531.3 Metric ton and an average yield of 12.5 MT per hectare. Cassava is widely grown on alluvial, sloping and foothill areas and could be intercropped with coconut or upland rice and corn. Cassava is an alternative for rice, with the end in view of minimizing rice importation.

51

MunicipalityArea

Planted (Has.)

Total No. of Trees

Indanan 6,652 431,650Jolo 0 0Kalinggalan Caluang

3,396 250,095

Lugus 2,380 251,730Luuk 5,624 567,389Maimbung 2,228 222,829Panamao 4,733 526,510Pandami 3,340 199,539Panglima Estino 1,881 173,470Panglima Tahil 0 0Pangutaran 2,237 165,355Parang 4,246 139,427Pata 3,075 186,990Patikul 15,066 1,566,600Siasi 4,830 473,443Talipao 11,351 447,345Tapul 2,898 182,388Banguingi (Tongkil)

2,375 234,137

Omar 3,690 375,537TOTAL 80,002 6,394,434Source: Philippine Coconut Authority-Sulu

Table 3.25 Area Planted to Coconut


Production (MT)

Indanan 115 1,150Jolo - -K.Caluang 300 3,300Lugus 90 990Luuk 200 2,600Maimbung 205 4,000Panamao 16 160Pandami 23 230

Panglima Estino 110 1,490

Panglima Tahil 2 1.3Pangutaran 108 1,188Parang 131 1,708Pata 7 91Patikul 215 2,795Siasi 94 1,128Talipao 210 2,730Tapul 50 250Banguingi (Tongkil) 145 1,420

Omar 25 300TOTAL 2,046 25,531.30

Table 3.26 Area Planted to Cassava

Source: Department of Agriculture-Sulu, 2012

Table 3.21 Table 3.22


In 2004, there was a shift to commercialization with the assistance extended by the Provincial Government in the land preparations using the 20 farm tractors and provision of free planting materials (cassava stalks) to the farmers. This was further enhanced with the marketing tie-up with San Miguel Corporation (SMC). Normal processing at the farm level is drying and chipping which are done manually. The LGU is currently looking for means to provide the farmers with driers and chipping machines.

Abaca is grown in about 4,005.13 hectares of Sulu’s agricultural land. It is mostly concentrated in the municipalities of Indanan, Patikul, and Talipao. Patches of abaca are also grown in Maimbung and Omar. Its farm gate price ranges from Php 17.50 to 18.50 per kilo (manual stripping). Average yield for abaca in Sulu is 800 kilograms/hectare or 0.8 MT/Hectare, which is a little lower than the national average of 850 kilograms/hectare. These are exported to Zamboanga City, Cebu and Metro Manila.

Rubber has high export potential and is rated as one of the most profitable agro-industrial ventures in the country. As of CY-2012, there are four (4) municipalities in Sulu that had ventured in planting 40 hectares of rubber. This will be harvested after five years.

Coffee is considered as one of the high-value crops in the local and foreign markets. There are four (4) varieties of coffee – Arabica, Robusta, Excelsa and Liberica.

52

Production (MT)

Indanan 1,483.38 1,186.70Kalinggalan Caluang 41.6 33.28

Maimbung 25 20Patikul 1.352.45 1,081.96Talipao 1,018.20 814.56Omar 84.5 67.6TOTAL 4,005.13 3,204.10


Table 3.27 Area Planted to Abaca

Source: FIDA-Sulu


Indanan 4Maimbung 5Panamao 1Talipao 30TOTAL 40Source: DA-Sulu, 2012

Table 3.28 Area Planted to Rubber

Table 3.23

Table 3.24


Robusta is the dominant variety of coffee in Sulu and are grown in areas with an elevation ranging from 600 to 1,200 meters above sea level. Arabica are also grown in some areas with an elevation ranging from 1,200 to 1,800 meters above sea level.

As of CY-2012, area planted to coffee is 2,197.7 hectares with a production of 6,795.53 MT. Average yield is 3 MT/Hectare. Low production is due to poor maintenance practices of farmers, poor post-harvest handling methods and inadequate postharvest facilities.

The establishment of Coffee Processing Center under the Sulu Provincial Government is a good linkage with the farmers in terms of marketing their products. The “Kahawa Sug” or Sulu native coffee is making its name in the local market for its aroma and good taste.


53


Production (MT)

Indanan 84 268K.Caluang 55 165Lugus 39 468Luuk 45 135Maimbung 30.7 122.8Panamao 12 36Pandami 2 6Panglima Estino 110 180Pangutaran 5 10Parang 78.5 180Pata 2 30Patikul 1,570 4,710Siasi 27 143Talipao 104 312Tapul 10 13Omar 5.5 16.5TOTAL 2,179.70 6,795.53Source: Department of Agriculture-Sulu, 2012

Table 3.29 Area Planted to Coffee

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Indanan 21 88 25 105 10 42.5 5 12.5 38 45

K.CaluangLugus 10 40 8 269 1 4.25 20 55

Luuk 68.75 288.75 45 189 18 76.5 4.5 11.5 355 976.25

Maimbung 52 1,960 9 216 4.3 115.2 3.7 51 117.5 1,398

Panamao 12 50 6 25 2 8.5 12 30.5 14 38.5

Pandami 1.5 6 20 55

P.Estino 25 115 12 35 6 25.5 4 15.5 19 28

P.Tahil 2 8

Pangutaran 23 96.5 14.25 59.85 50 137.5

Parang 29.8 33.8 20.7 56.5 7 23.8 6.7 22.4 47.5 123

Pata 1.5 6 3 12.6 14 38.5

Patikul 132 555 16.5 70 13 33.15 828 2,297

Siasi 11.25 78.75 10.25 82 3.2 38.4 3.4 31.2 37 185

Talipao 16.5 42 176 484

Tapul 16 480 15 450 1.5 3.8 8 16

Banguingui 32 135 4 28.5 50 384

TOTAL 437.8 3,940.80 172.2 1,528.45 69.5 408.45 68.8 249.75 1,794 6,240.75

BananaNative Mango Wanni BaunohMunicipality

MangoRambutan

Table 3.25 Area planted to Coffee

Table 3.26 Area planted to Fruit trees


The total area for fruit trees is 4,073.55 hectares. The major fruits grown in the province include durian, mangosteen, lanzones, and marang which are mostly found in the mainland municipalities. These fruits are marketable to other provinces and cities since these fruits command a high price compared to other fruits. Mangoes are widely grown throughout the province. Other fruit trees that are grown in patches include jackfruit, rambutan, and other crops like banana.

The Agri-Pinoy Rice Program aims to attain national food security at all times, reduce poverty incidence in the rural areas and to increase the income of farmers. There are two (2) cropping seasons in Sulu – Wet Season (March to September) and Dry Season (October to March). As of CY-2012, irrigated area is 438 hectares with a production of 1,314 MT and

average Yield of 3 MT/Ha. Rainfed

Lowland rice area is 465 hectares with a production of 1,162.5 and an

54

Table 3.31 Area Planted to Rice

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT) Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Indanan 31 93 29 72.5 86 129K.CaluangLuuk 85 255 70 175 199 298.5Panamao 57 142.5 123 184.5P.Estino 91 227.5 105 262.5Parang 21 31.5Patikul 40 120 33 82.5 36 54Siasi 37 111 56 140Talipao 120 360 60 150 577 865.5Omar 125 375 69 172.5 99 148.5TOTAL 438 1,314 465 1,162.50 1,246 1,974

Irrigated Rainfed Lowland Rainfed Upland


Municipality

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Indanan 75 150 73 91 97 227.95 21 42 19 152

K.Caluang 45 112.5 7.5 15

Lugus 5 40

Luuk 81 243 29.5 73.75 37 74 34 81.6 32.25 258

Maimbung 7.2 336 5.5 64 16.9 243 6.3 117 7 286

Panamao 18 45 5 12.5 10 20 10 20 8 64

Pandami 5 10 1 2 1 8

P.Estino 24.5 150 6 16 36 160 10 20 12 140

P.Tahil 1 8

Pangutaran 4.75 9.5 14.75 118

Parang 27.5 51.1 18.3 37.5 34.5 56.2 13.3 21.6 21.5 96.8

Pata 9.6 28.52 5 10 2.5 5 5 10 5 40

Patikul 317 951 317 871.75 1,324 3,112 66 165 33 264

Siasi 7.5 75 2 5 2.7 6.5 3 33 2.7 39.5

Talipao 159 477 38 104.5 90 211.5 41.5 332

Tapul 2 4 4 32

Banguingui 1.5 4.5 2 7.5 4 6

TOTAL 771.3 2,517.67 506.8 1,301 1,663.85 4,144.15 171.6 519.7 211.7 1884.3

Marang Jackfruit

Table 3.30A Area Planted to Fruit Trees


MunicipalityDurian Mangosteen Lanzones

Table 3.27 Area planted to Rice

Table 28: Area Planted to Fruit Trees


average yield of 2.5 MT/Ha. Rainfed Upland rice area is 1,246 hectares, production of 1,974 MT and an average yield of 1.6 MT/Ha. Low production could be attributed to lack of farm equipment/machineries (tractors) and lack of high-yielding variety of palay seeds. Farmers also need postharvest facilities such as rice mill, warehouse. Some Communal Irrigation Projects (CIPs) and Small Water Impounding Projects (SWIP) are no longer functional and needs to be rehabilitated.

Potential Irrigable areas of 420 hectares are in the following municipalities: (1) Omar (Tangkuan-50 has. and Andalan-50 has.); (2) Luuk (Kanmindus-50 has. and Lianutan-50 has.); (3) Panamao (Parangduyan-50 has. and Bud Deit-50 has.); (4) Panglima Estino (Lihbugkabaw-30 has.); (5) Talipao (Lungkiaban-40 has. and Kandaga-50 has.).

DA-Sulu had been conducting Farmers Field School (FFS) in the municipalities under the Technical Cooperation Project (TCP5) funded by JICA to further enhance the capacity of DA extension workers in delivering agricultural extension services. It aims to improve the rice-based farming technology in the target areas by training extension workers to enhance their capabilities in providing training and services to farmers including on-site training of farmers to enhance their knowledge and skills in farming.

Corn area is 715.05 hectares (yellow corn-443.75 hectares; white corn-271.3 hectares) which are mostly concentrated in Indanan, Pangutaran, Siasi, Talipao and Banguingui. Average yield of yellow corn is 2.9 MT per hectare. White corn has an average yield of 3.3 MT/Hectare.

55

Table 3.32 Area Planted to Corn

Prodn Area Prodn (MT) (Has.) (MT)

Indanan 92 151 22 37K.Caluang 11 33 23 69Lugus 5 15 5 12.5Luuk 4.5 13.5 - -Maimbung 21 21.5 15.3 15.6Panamao 13 32.5 2 6Pandami 5.5 11 2 5Panglima Estino

4 3.8 1.2 0.8

Panglima Tahil 1 0.2 1 0.15Pangutaran 105 315 98 245Parang 34 100 9.8 28Pata 6 18 3.5 8.75Patikul 15 45 9 27Siasi 17.75 124.25 15.5 108.5Talipao 70 210 - -Tapul 10 20 16 31Banguingui 29 169 48 305.5TOTAL 443.75 1,282.75 271.3 899.8

Yellow Corn White Corn

Area (Has.)

Municipality


Table 3.29 Area planted to Corn


Vegetables have a relatively small area of 290.23 hectares (Leafy vegs.-42.7 has.; Fruit vegs.-229.18 has.; Root vegs.-18.35 has.).Under the Gulayan sa Paaralan, teachers and students in elementary schools were encouraged to plant vegetables through backyard gardening.

LIVESTOCK AND POULTRYLivestock and poultry production remained entirely at backyard levels. As of 2012, cattle (61,401 heads) and goat (52,975 heads) have the highest population of livestock raised. Goats are raised in all municipalities of the Muslim-dominated province for use in religious rites (kurban) during Hariraya Eid’l Adha and other occasions. The most number of carabaos are found in the municipalities of Luuk (600 heads), Kalinggalan Caluang (190 heads), and Pandami (154). The most common poultry raised in the province are chicken (401,069 heads) and ducks (25,920 heads).

56

Prodn (MT)

Indanan 12 4 101.5 104.7 3 2.3Jolo 1 8.5 1 9.5 1 9K.Caluang 5 45 10 95 6 51Lugus 0.5 3.75 - - - -Luuk 2 18 3 28.5 - -Maimbung 0.9 6.3 28.6 295.6 0.4 3.6Panamao 1.5 1 14 126 1 8.5Pandami 0.5 3.85 0.5 4.5 -P.Estino 0.8 3.2 8.5 82.28 0.25 0.7P.Tahil - - 0.18 0.92 - -Parang 1 1.6 10.4 24.5 - -Pata 0.5 4 0.5 4.25 0.5 4Patikul 10 85 10 90 5 42.5Siasi - - 14.5 94 1.2 6Tapul 2 26 4.5 4.9 - -Banguingui 5 50 22 224 - -TOTAL 42.7 260.2 229.18 1,188.65 18.35 127.6Source: Department of Agriculture-Sulu, 2012

Table 3.33 Area Planted to Vegetables

MunicipalityLeafy Fruit Vegetables Root Vegetables

Area (Has.)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Area (Has.)

Prodn (MT)

Table 30: Area Planted to Vegetables


For the prevention and control of animal diseases, regular surveillance/VETCAP is being conducted by the Department of Agriculture through vaccination, deworming and treatment in coordination with the Philippine Marines and JSOPTF. The Sulu Provincial Task Force on Bird Flu was created on March 19, 2004 under E.O.No.2, Series of 2004, as the Organizational Machinery for the Prevention and Control of Bird Flu in the Province of Sulu. A Veterinary Quarantine Station is located at the Jolo Port with the Animal Quarantine Officer tasked to inspect vessels and issue veterinary clearances to animals shipped-in and out of the province.

One (1) halal abbatoir/slaughterhouse was established at Tanjung, Indanan in coordination with NMIC and the Jolo Municipal Government in 2003. But it is still non-operational due to lack of funds to sustain the operation of the slaughterhouse.

57

Municipality Cattle Carabao Goat Chicken Duck

Indanan 4,232 48 3,992 50,792 3,489Jolo 80 - 136 2,933 265K.Caluang 5,333 190 1,046 13,534 4,773Lugus 730 20 2,876 8,040 1,207Luuk 6,860 600 3,216 26,420 648Maimbung 2,355 35 1,708 9,738 850Panamao 5,952 148 1,930 18,613 399Pandami 2,908 154 4,213 19,961 610P.Estino 1,395 95 2,055 15,700 320P.Tahil - - 30 700 300Pangutaran 5,135 - 13,067 69,202 304Parang 4,490 160 3,779 29,600 751Pata 776 - 812 22,029 1,988Patikul 5,382 102 5,317 17,194 1,255Siasi 485 58 1,243 3,870 1,125Talipao 13,755 136 5,034 85.56 2,449Tapul 120 1 382 1,130 836Banguingi 640 10 1,097 5,309 4,476Omar 773 33 1,042 2,263 -TOTAL 61,401 1,790 52,975 401,069 25,920

Table 3.34 Livestock and Poultry Population, 2012

Source: Department of Agriculture-Sulu

Table 3.31 Livestock and Poultry Population, 2012


RURAL-BASED ORGANIZATIONS

As of 2012, the Department of Agriculture in Sulu had organized/reorganized the following rural-based organizations in the different municipalities: 160 farmers association with 3,147 members; 70 Rural Improvement Clubs (RIC) with 1,483 members; 36 Anak Bukid / 4-H Clubs with 783 members. Members of these associations are given priority to be recipients of livelihood programs/income-generating projects that are being implemented in the municipalities.

Aside from these rural-based organizations, there are also Agricultural and Fishery Councils (AFCs) in the eighteen (18) municipalities which have been activated to encourage more participation in the planning, implementation and monitoring of DA programs/projects.

58

Table 3.32 Rural Based organizations, 2012


Organized Members Organized Members Organized Members Organized Members

Indanan 6 107 11 268 5 89 1 23Jolo 1 15 10 257 11 247 1 25K. Caluang 9 135 1 18 1 15 1 24Lugus 5 90 5 97 1 31Luuk 5 90 1 17 1 25Maimbung 11 290 5 158 4 125 1 20Panamao 24 396 1 17Pandami 1 27 1 20 106 1 17P. Estino 6 109 1 15P. Tahil 1 13 1 12 1 15 1 22Pangutaran 8 169 4 66 2 49 1 24Parang 9 140 5 98 2 68 1 23Pata 8 295 3 82 2 41 1 20Patikul 12 237 3 53 1 21Siasi 20 361 7 120 1 27Talipao 17 340 7 111 1 15 1 20Tapul 6 140 7 31 1 16 1 18Banguingui 7 110 2 32 2 30 1 34Omar 4 83 - - - - - -

TOTAL 160 3,147 70 1,483 36 783 18 406

MAFC (No.)

Table 3.35 Rural-Based Organizations, 2012

Source: Department of Agriculture-Sulu

MunicipalityFarmers Ass’n

(No.)RIC (No.) 4-H Club (No.)

FISHERIESOut of the 18 municipalities in Sulu, eight (8) are island municipalities and ten (10) are found in the mainland. It has several islands and islets, shoals, atolls and cow-beds. As reported by the U.P. Marine Science Research Center, Philippine coral reef areas covered a total of 44,095 sq.km., of which 25% (12,263.247 sq.km.) are found in Sulu Archipelago.

Sulu has four (4) major fishing grounds namely: Dual Bullod, Teomabal, Sulare and Selum. It also

59

Table 3.36 Number of Fishing Bancas & Fish Production

ProductionNumber of Non-

MotorizedProduction

(M.T.) Bancas (M.T.)Indanan 48 360 71 284J olo 126 1,008 1,265 4,807K.Caluang 244 1,830 153 612Panamao 223 2,007 326 1,630Panglima Estino 5 40 5 25Panglima Tahil 378 2,835 310 1,240Parang 836 6,270 1,080 4,104Pata 1,650 13,200 420 1,680

TOTAL 3,510 27,550 3,630 14,382Source: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources-Sulu

MunicipalityNumber of Motorized Bancas

Table 3.33 Number of Fishing Bancas and Fish


has the Sulu Sea, Moro Gulf and the untapped 200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). With its vast potential fishing area, purse seiners from Luzon and Visayas kept on poaching the Sulu sea, which affects the volume of fish catch of marginal fisherfolk.

Fish sanctuaries and marine protected areas are found in Lahat-Lahat, Cabucan (Panglima Tahil) and Tara Island (Siasi).

Sulu continues to be predominantly agri-fishery based economy and 2/3 of the population are directly or indirectly dependent on fishing as their source of livelihood.

As of 2013, the total number of fishing bancas reached 7,140, 49% (3,510) of which are motorized, while 53% (3,630) are non-motorized. Based on the data on fish production, it could be noted that marginal fisherfolk has lower volume of fish catch due to the presence of big commercial fishing vessels (purse seiners) poaching the Sulu Sea. As such, fisherfolk resort to illegal fishing and destructive fishing practices (dynamite and cyanide) to improve their catch.

SEAWEEDSIn Sulu, the seaweed industry is considered as one of the major industries that

60

Table 3.37 Fishermen Association, 2013


Number of members

Indanan 17 181Jolo 15 311Kalinggalan Caluang

18 297

Lugus 4 80Luuk 8 160Maimbung 6 143Panamao 3 86PandamiPanglima Estino

Panglima Tahil 1 15Pangutaran 3 45Parang 5 86Pata 3 74Patikul 9 219SiasiTalipao 2 35Tapul 1 18Banguingi 3 51Omar 50 931TOTAL 148 2,732Source: BFAR-Sulu

Table 3.38 Seaweed Production by municipality, 2013

Seaweed Area Production Potential

(Has.) (M.T.) Area (Has.)

Indanan 223 1,070.40 160Kalinggalan Caluang 348 1,670.40 160Lugus 315 1,512 140Luuk 238 1,142.40 170Maimbung 306 1,468.80 200Panamao 288 1,382.40 176Pandami 333 1,598.40 380Panglima Estino 264 1,267.20 70Panglima Tahil 432 2,073.60 360Pangutaran 355 1,704.60 170Parang 299 1,435.20 220Pata 356 1,574.40 180Patikul 218 1,046.40 150Siasi 361 1,832.80 600Talipao 250 1,200 100Tapul 320 1,545.60 150Banguingi (Tongkil) 351 1,684.40 400Omar 364 1,747.20

TOTAL 5,621 26,956.20 3,786Source: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources-Sulu

Municipality

Table 3.34 Fishermen Association, 2013

Table 3.35 Seaweed production by municipality, 2013


benefit the majority of the coastal fisherfolk. Two of the potential seaweed species being cultured in the seaweed farms are the Eucheuma and the Cappiphycus spp. Ninety (90) percent of the total coastal water in Sulu is suitable for seaweed culture. Sulu contributes 40% of the export on carrageenan, one of the world’s foremost food and industrial additives today.Average domestic price of seaweeds showed an increasing trend. Fresh seaweed is at P7.00/kilo, semi-dry at P30.00/kilo, chip is at P150/kilo and export of carrageenan is at $4.50/kilo.

Fresh seaweeds are being sun-dried either on stilt dryers, by the shore or on the road side. The sun-dried seaweeds have lesser moisture content than machine-dried but are more prone to contamination.

From the seaweed farmers, the dried seaweeds pass through several marketing intermediaries before reaching the processors. The identified marketing channels are the collector/buying agents, viajeros, salaried agents, export traders and local seaweed processors who are mostly based in Cebu.

Key informants would affirm the growing employment imbalance among agricultural, industrial, and services sectors. Ideally, the three (3) sectors could be made supportive of each other - - and, therefore, generate more income and employment opportunities - - had it not been for the peace and order situation in the province. Investors are reluctant to invest in Sulu. Many in various services are setting out to other places for gainful and satisfying employment. The peace and order situation makes it partly difficult to account for activities not adequately defined (39,411 or 18 percent) and not stated (48,965 or 23.5 percent).

61

Table 3.39 Seaweed Farmers Association, 2013


Number of members

Indanan 7 119JoloKalinggalan Caluang 27 408

Lugus 5 89Luuk 7 107Maimbung 22 415Panamao 7 139PandamiPanglima EstinoPanglima Tahil 6 158Pangutaran 2 39Parang 9 170Pata 6 178Patikul 2 32Siasi 4 44Talipao 9 227TapulBanguingiOmar 46 811TOTAL 159 2,936Source: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources-Sulu

Table 3.36 Seaweed Farmers association, 2013


Tourism

In the Philippines, there are only a handful of provinces with a kind of distinctiveness that sets them apart from the familiar and commonplace. One of these provinces is Sulu. Anyone who first sets his foot in Sulu readily feels a special form of interest, fascination and mystery.

Though geographically isolated and perceptively far from the mainstream, Sulu evokes curiosity in its history, people and land/seascape. One wonders how the tiny ancient seat of Islam in a predominantly Christian and Western-influenced country had managed to preserve its religion, culture and traditions and tenaciously refused colonialism.

Tourist will undoubtedly love to frolic in its beaches, dive in its pristine waters and marvel in its seabed of reefs, corals, shells and pearls. In fact, its white sand beaches once developed can be one of the best beach resorts in the world. The white beaches can be found in Patikul, Panglima Tahil, Indanan and some other island municipalities.

Other area of interest is its rich culture and history. Sulu has a number of historical sites that needs to be improved and restored, such as: Wall of Intramuros – Loop-holed brick wall, 8 ft. high 1-1/2 ft. thick which surrounded the former Spanish garrison of Jolo as a protection against intermittent attacks by Moro sabil-illah (Juramentados). Constructed during the Spanish occupation army soon after the fall of Jolo on February 29,1878 with labor supplied by Filipino deportados who were prisoners of the Spanish Army. Jolo came under the assault of the largest military forces ever assembled, including armed steamboats under the command of Gov. Gen. Jose Malcampo;

62


Monument at Plaza Tulay – This monument as erected by Spanish Gov. Jose Arolas in 1891 to commemorate three occasions when Jolo was occupied by Spanish forces. One side of the monument bears the inscription “A la gloria de los que con su esfuerzo hicieron esta tierra Espanola” ; the second side bears the inscription “Corcuera,17 de Abril de 1638”; the third side , “Urbiztondo, 28 de Febrero de 1851”; the fourth side, “Malcampo, 29 de Febrero de 1876”;

Poon Tao Kong Marker – At Jatih Tunggal, Indanan, one can find the marker of Poon Tao Kong or Pie Hsien who was one of the admirals in the fleet of Sampao Kong or Cheng Ho in its voyage to the Far East in the 3rd year of the Emperor Yung lo during the Ming Dynasty. On its way from Malacca, the fleet was met by a typhoon and was force to land in Jolo. When the local Chinese learned of the presence of the admiral who was commissioned by the emperor, they received him with due respect; although it was only after several battles where he showed his dexterity in fencing and swordsmanship, that Sulu became friendly. His achievement as a leader and ambassador of goodwill of China lives up to the present. He died in 1408 and was given the name Poon Tao Kong, meaning the Celestial. He was a Muslim Chinese Emperor to send Moslem emissaries or tribute collectors to Muslim countries; and

Fort of the Princess of Asturias – Only the moss and the limestone and brick foundation of the 3-level edifice constructed by the Spanish military forces on the site of the Kutak of Panglima Adak, one of the non-royal leaders during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Pulalon (1842-1862), remains. It was the bulwark of defense of Laum Banwa, and then called Bawang - now the town of Jolo that was the seat of the Sultanate. This building was the dedicated to the Princess of Spain. When Spanish forces left Jolo in 1899, the Americans made this military headquarters of the Philippines Scout then later the Constabulary up to 1942. When Japanese Imperial Forces occupied Jolo the basement of this building served as the dungeon where Filipinos were tortured in 1945. Bombs leveled this by the American liberation forces. The Philippine Constabulary put up its present headquarters on the ruins of that Spanish lady. Asturias barrio probably got its name from this building.

63


Although, the tourism sector is still beset with problems like lack or poor infrastructure facilities, peace and order problem, lack of policy support as well as poor promotion and advocacy, Sulu has all the potentials and makings of a tourist destination. It can also be a Muslim pilgrimage in this Christian nation.

Tourism Facilities (hotels, resorts, bars, clubs)

Considering Jolo is the capital town of Sulu, almost all of the lodging accommodations such as hotels, pension houses inns and restaurants are situated here. These are Sulu Pearl Hotel, Honey Bee Hotel, SSC Hostel, ASY Pension House, Peacekeepers Inn, Helen’s Lodge, De Mazenod Formation Center, Sulu Cooperative Inn, and Credit Union Inn.

64


3.4.5Local Economic Growth Potentials

Sulu Island is predominantly an agriculture area planted with a variety of agriculture products. The island province also produced commercial quantities of coffee. With a total land area of 167,376 hectares and about 58% (97,750 has.) is agricultural land, it is predominantly an agricultural province with its rich fertile soil.

Majority of the farms in the province are small farms averaging about one (1) hectares. These are farms owned and managed by families ranging from subsistence to commercial production. It provides income and livelihood to farmers and their dependents. Its enable traders, processors, retailers, and other groups to directly and indirectly make a living. Given potentials, it is only logical that the agriculture sector be fully harnessed towards enhancing agricultural productivity and improving the income and welfare of farmers.

Coffee Plantation occupies a 2,423.73 ha. of land area but according to some expert is understated due to its scattered areas of planting. It has been a perennial crops conducive to almost all types of soil and land in Sulu compare to other prime product. it’s a local market-oriented product in terms of production and market, but to an extent a potential import substitution industry.

SOURCES OF GROWTH AND TRENDS

The people depend much on the ground coffee as their daily beverages including numerous coffee shops in several corners in the capital town which served locally brewed coffee. It is famous due to its mood stimulant effect on the drinker and a means of livelihood.

The recent survey of coffee (robusta variety) plantations in Sulu

65


Indanan 82K.Caluang 55Lugus 39Luuk 45Maimbung 10.75Panamao 35Pandami 2Panglima Estino 160Pangutaran 5Parang 260Pata 2Patikul 1,570Siasi 50Talipao 104Tapul 4TOTAL 2,423.75Source: DA-Sulu

Table . Area Planted to Coffee

Table 3.37 Area planted to Coffee


showed an increasing trend of productions, and the number of areas that produced coffee had also increased. Of the 19 municipalities, there are already 73 barangays in 15 municipalities that produced coffee but only 9 are into commercial production.

DA reported that the total production of these 15 municipalities in an aggregate area of 2,423.75 hectares is 6,795 MT or 1,209 MT of green coffee beans (GCB). Coffee production can be attributed to good soil and favourable climate, inclined production areas intended for coffee farming and emerging new market.

FI

66

TRENDS, 2008-2012Table__ Coffee Production (Volume, Area, Yield)Production Unit 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Volume Tonnes 5,450 5,244 5,462.50 7,200 6,795Area hectare 2,423.75 2,185 2,423.75 2,423.75 2,179.70Yield Tonnes/ha 2.248 2.4 2.25 2.97 3.118

Source: DA-Sulu

TRENDS, 2008-2012Table 3.38 Coffee production (Volume, Area, Yield)

15


FIGURE 15. Production posted an incline to 6,795.53 tons (green coffee basis) in 2012 from 5,450 tons in 2008. While there was marginal increase through 2011, and a slided drop occurred in 2012 due to climate condition. (Note: Industry sources feel that production are rather understated. Area devoted to coffee marginally fluctuate to 2,185 ha in 2009 from 2,423.75 ha in 2008 then posted a sustained area for coffee. The major areas are Patikul, Talipao, Panamao and Parang. (Note: Industry sources feel that area devoted to coffee are rather understated). Yield : Average yield increased to 2.400 tonnes per ha in 2009 from 2.248 tonnes per ha in 2008. The current yield is 3.118 tonnes per ha above the "ideal" of about 2.5 tonnes per ha. Marginal yield increases were recorded through 2011, and continued incline was posted thereafter. The Municipality with relatively high yields are Patikul and Parang, producing commercial grade ground coffee.

`As industries, coffee is highly sustainable at the household’s level, as It provides regular income on a long–term period of to 30 or 40 yrs, depending on the faithful maintenance of the crops. Coffee can become productive after three years from planting. And from the stage of productivity, they can become continually productive in the next 30 to 40 years, depending on the faithful application of maintenance technologies

Market: Coffee is highly demanded product and the price (both local and export ) has remained stable in the past several years. Hence, although the product is harvested annually, a coffee farmer can potentially earn an annual lump sum that can be estimated to be about P10,000 to P15,000 monthly per hectare.

Robusta Coffee ( Farmgate Prices and Ave. Export Prices) Farmgate Price Ave. Export Price

Year P/kg P/kg2008 60.00 90.002009 60.00 90.00

67


2010 70.00 90.002011 70.00 100.002012 70.00 100.00

Source: DTI-Sulu

DEMAND for GCB-Green Coffee Bean (Industry Players)

Farmers Of the 19 Municipalities of Sulu, 15 municipalities are already

into coffee- production but only four municipalities produced in commercial quantities, Patikul, Talipao,Parang and Panamao. There are around 73 barangays with individual and coop farmers. DA showed 797 farmers engaged in coffee farming. PCU whose concern is to organize these farmers into Cooperatives under its umbrella organization is composed of 70 of cooperatives, in which 31 coops are engaged specifically on coffee farming.

Traders They are concentrated in Jolo, Indanan and Patikul. More or

less 50 in numbers but they don’t cater to coffee only. We have buying station before of Nestle that competes with local traders.

Processors

There are small time processors located in Jolo. For commercial consumption one processor from Panamao municipality (Royal Coffee) that produces packed fine ground coffee and civet coffee for export…. the establishment of Coffee Center at Capitol Site, Patikul which is supported by the Provincial Government and managed by the PCU, where processing is now using the mini roasting and grinding machine whose targets are coop-members who are coffee farmers. Processed coffee are already packed in plastic foil (aroma packed) sold in local market.

Commercial Coffee (selling in Sulu)

BRAND : “ Kahawa Sug Coffee ”Company : PCU- Provincial Cooperative UnionAddress: Capitol Site Cmpd,, Patikul Sulu

BRAND : “ Royal Coffee ”Company : PAPMPC–People’s Alliance for Progress MP Coop Address: Kandayok, Panamao, Sulu

Other Information :Contact Person: Mr. Ahiron

Other Information :Contact Person: Mrs. Princess Kumalah S.

68


Position: Manager Type of Business: CooperativeYear Established: 2010 Asset Size: P3M Registered with: DTI, Membership: CDA Major Product Line: Ground Coffee Raw Material Used: Coffee Bean Source of Raw Materials: All MunicipalitiesProduction Capacity: 50 kg/day (GC, Market: Local, Manila Term of Payment: Cash/FOB in SuluEquipment : roaster (gas type), solar Dryer, depulper, sealerMarket Prices : P160/kg, P80/half kg for ground coffee.

Elardo Position: ManagerType: Cooperative Year Established: 200, Asset size: P2M Registered with: DTI, Membership: CDA, Major Product Lines: Ground Coffee, Alamid Coffee Raw Material Used: Coffee Bean Source of Raw Materials: Kandayok, Panamao, Sulu Production Capacity: 50 kg/day (GC), 10 kg(Alamid) Market: Local, ManilaTerm of Payment: Cash/FOB in SuluEquipment : roasters (gas type), depulper, sealers, grinding machineMarket Prices : P200/kg-pack-ground coffee, P2,000 /250 g-pack - alamid coffee.

Consumer

Local consumers ranged from numerous coffee shops estimated 160 (DTI-Sulu-mapping survey), spread throughout the province , to buyers for household consumption, pasalubongs and sometimes in trade exhibits and fairs.

Coffee, as flagship program for the province had gained acceptance and support of the Sulu Provincial Government and other donor agencies. As an offshoot, a task force headed by the Provincial Cooperative Union was formed which had successfully implemented and established the Coffee Processing Center, which originally cater to the processing needs of the coffee beans producers in four known coffee producing municipalities. Eventually this center operates with initial funding assistance from Act for Peace for the mini equipment but due to this limitation it did not achieved what it conceived as a solution to the problem of our scattered coffee producers. It was only successful in producing a processed ground coffee for local market. The concept of addressing the clamor of farmers-producers that need bigger solutions remained un-tackled.

In terms of physical infrastructure and support facilities, as of CY 2000, the Department of public works and highway in Sulu report a total road network of 1,055.47 kilometers translating to a road density of 0.66 kilometers per square kilometer. The roads consisted principally of gravel pave Barangay roads (608.07 kilometers or 57.6%

69


of the total,) 294.24 kilometers (27.9%) Provincial road, 125.28 kilometers (11.9% national road and 27.88 kilometers (2.6%) municipal roads. Road Were mostly of gravel and earth type. These types of road extended to 920.91 kilometers accounted for 8. I% while 49.34 kilometers of concrete road comprised only 4.7% of the total road network . Inadequacy of physical infrastructures and facilities to support socio-economic activities is another area of concern. Approximately 87% of the roads are of gravel and earth type. The cost of electricity in the province is relatively high. The major seaport require long delayed repairs and improvements

These factors may have positive as well as negative impacts on coffee industries. Enhancing growth potentials, therefore, may involve providing resources as well as removing obstacles (physical, legal, and technical) to greater efficiency.

Using the value chain in analyzing these problems it can well be summarized below and gives us a hint on what government interventions are indispensible for the successful implementation of the program or project in addressing lingering issues and concerns. .

Value Chain (Coffee Production)

Coffee Production in Sulu – (SWOT)

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES

THREATS

• Agro-climatic endowment • Available areas for expansion • Availability of technology from the private sector

• Low farm productivity. • Limited availability of good post-harvest facilities. • Poor quality of coffee beans

• Scope for rehabilitation or rejuvenation. • Potential for quality improvements. • Easy terms

• Slow growth of the domestic market. • Competition from low

70

Cherries &Green Coffee Bean


• Coffee is not perishable. • Suitability to multi-cropping for farm income maximization. • Improved varieties are available, particularly robusta.

• Poor infrastructure (farm-to-market road). • Peace and order in some areas. • Multi-layered marketing chain. • Inadequate R & D and extension services to small growers. • Limited technical know-how of farmers on coffee production and post harvest processing

credit enhancing schemes (for production, rehabilitation and rejuvenation).

cost areas . • Drastic fluctuations in selling prices. • Stability of local price.

Constraints of Stakeholders:

Farmers Traders Processors Consumers-Old coffee trees-Low productivity-Limited areas of production-Lack of equipment-High transport cost

-Low quality of coffee beans-Unripe coffee beans (immatured harvesting)-unhealthy competition-Erratic Price

-Poor quality of dried coffee beans-Small capacity of equipment-Poor packaging-Poor capacity of equipment handler-Poor storage facilities-Limited processing technique

-Poor quality of processed coffee-Poor packaging-Unstable price

Constraints Towards Competitiveness

Human Resource Development

One of the main concern is the inadequate or lack of trainings of extension workers and farmers in proper crop and post-harvest management. Fortunately, these have been addressed in part by the Technical Assistance Services provided by Department of Agriculture.

71


Market Access and Development

While the entry to the global market is relatively free, the poor quality of Sulu coffee is a serious limiting factor. Sulu beans are well-known for their quality. However, those from Mindanao and other areas are heavily discounted in the world market due to poor bean quality resulting from improper harvesting and post-harvest practices in small farms. The extensive postharvest processing training conducted by the private sector during the early 1990s spur improvement in coffee quality delivered to processors, from 12% (Grade I) in the late 1980s to 80% (Grade I) in 1995.

Institutional Framework/Bureaucracy

The private sector, particularly Nestle Philippines, has done a commendable job in the dissemination of good “robusta” variety as well as providing technical services. In the public sector, the extent of research and extension is rather limited due to budget constraints. Within the Department of Agriculture, there are limited expertise in coffee research and management. There is need for further improvements in various multi-cropping systems as well as post-harvest procedures. There is need to institutionalize the coffee industry that would address various concerns, e.g. crop improvement, production, postharvest, processing, quality standardization, market/price stabilization.

Public Investments/Infrastructure

Poor road network are common in coffee areas. Additionally, investments in research and extension are rather limited. Research and extension could focus on areas not reached by Nestle as well as profit-maximizing farm systems using coffee as one of the crops. There is need to tap state universities in research as well as local coffee entrepreneurs by developing new breed of agricultural graduates to go into agricultural investment.

Technology Access and Development

Nestle Philippines has been active in the provision of good robusta clones and technical advice to farmers. Private firms have done quite well in the past, but this has now been constrained by CARL. The Philipine Council of Agriculture and Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) published in 1976 the Philippine Recommends Manual on Coffee Growing. Nevertheless, there is need for funding in productivity enhancing technologies, e.g. access to good clones, rejuvenation, plantation improvement, multi-media promotional campaign. Some industry players propose that a Philippine Coffee

72


Institute be set up that can directly cater to technology generation and dissemination.

Natural Resource Endowments/Environment

The country's agro-climatic endowment is good for robustas. Arabicas, however, can only be grown in higher elevations (900 m and above), e.g. Cordillera and Bukidnon. The inclusion of coffee in agro-forestry cropping system can enhance upland conservation, protection, rapid soil degradation and erosion to create a sustainable micro-environment.

Rural Credit and other Fiscal Matters

Access to long-term financing is a constraint in the past. (However, with already large areas under coffee and limited market growth, the key element is rehabilitation, and replanting only in good areas.

PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES

Investment Strategies

The investment strategies must focus on: • Rejuvenation of existing trees. • Controlled replantings in good areas • Establishment of modern processing (depulping) plants. • Promotion of multiple cropping systems (strip cropping/monoculture)

Workable Modalities

The major strategies include:

Expansion of Productivity

• Strengthening of extension systems to small growers, e.g. crop management and post-harvest technologies and rejuvenation; • Strengthening of farmers groups that will own and manage common processing plants; • Promotion of contract growing schemes

73


Enabling Business Environment for coffee areas Development of MSME Access to Market Access to finance

Coffee is basically a smallholder crop given its labor intensity. With this in mind, the following modalities should be explored:

• Promotion of nucleus-outgrowers schemes. The nucleus could either be a company-owned or coop-owned processing plant. The nucleus will provide processing, technical and marketing assistance. On the other hand, the smallholders will till their respective farms.

Structural and Legislative Policy-related Reforms Among the areas to be addressed are: • Funding for R & D and extension services, particularly on coffee-based cropping systems for state universities; • Funding for infrastructure support in coffee producing areas; and • Increasing access to long-term financing.

Provincial Executive Actions

The agenda for action are: • Sustain budgetary support for R & D and extension services for production and post-harvest through the state universities or integrated area development programs or joint undertakings with private sector; • Assure infrastructure budget in key coffee areas; and • Devise a program for the modernization of existing coffee processing (depulping) plants.

74


• Issuance of Provincial executive order for the creation of Sulu Provincial Coffee C

Production Areas ExpansionLand area classified A & D (alienable and disposable) lands is almost 47,687 hectares and forestlands of 112,353 hectares. However unclassified forestland of 66,284 hectares (41.4 %) of the provincial land area still remain a primary concern of the line agency in its land use conversion under CARP and other agrarian reform programs Reforestation of additional 1,779 hectares of forestland under DENR‘s reforestation program can be realized for the next 3 years. Production areas shall be expanded to increase raw materials needed by industry like seaweed processing, high value crops, aquamarine, for export and fishery canning. Export winner like coconut shall likewise be expanded. Utilization of inland waters like the marshland and lakes as potentials for expansion for agri-fishery development shall be pursued. The island shores of the island province could also be utilized for fishery production and seaweed farming.

Thousands of hectares of alienable and disposable (A&D) land, if utilized properly can augment the present production areas development. Industries could also be expanded through the assistance from local and national government. Capacity building on packaging, and marketing strategy will help expand economic activities.

Agri-Industrial Estate and Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Raw materials can be complemented by the presence of industries for a faster growth in the economy, e.g. manufacturing and processing sector. With only less than one percent of the total economic activity of the province and most enterprise located in Jolo. These two sectors can manifest processing of new product coupled with appropriate technology and promote investment. Industry can be enhanced focusing on investment promotion with the establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) or ecozones in the

75

Nucleus-Outgrowers Schemes


different area of the province through private initiative, local government initiative or Autonomous Regional Government initiative.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Skill and TechnologyThe entrepreneurial skill of our people needs to be upgraded in order to increase income and employment through SMEs and cooperative ventures. The active cooperatives in the region can provide opportunities for members by providing employment and additional income, credit facilities for SMEs should be heightened.

Science and technology, as well as research and development should be given attention since there are areas indispensable for agriculture and industrial development

3.5 Transportation, Access and Circulation

Transportation impacts on every economic and social activity, population, and other resources of the province. It facilitates easier and faster movement of people, goods and services to and from the production centers to the market centers. As an archipelagic province, the principal modes of transportation in Sulu are land, air and water. 3.5.1 External Linkages

Water and air access routes are the only external linkages of Sulu being an archipelagic province. These routes comprise of the Jolo-Zamboanga air access route, Jolo-Zamboanga water access route and Jolo - Bongao water access route in the province of Tawi - Tawi via Siasi, Sulu.. In terms facilities, the province of Sulu has one airport located in Jolo, two major ports one in Jolo and one in Siasi and one RORO port in Maimbung.

Jolo-Zamboanga air access route

76


The Jolo-Zamboanga air access route is very vital to the residents of Sulu as it is the only route that provides easier and faster mobility of people, goods and services to and from the provincial capital and the city of Zamboanga via air transportation. This route is back’-up’ by the Jolo Airport and the Zamboanga International Airport. The Jolo Airport is paved with concrete and is classified as a secondary airport. It has a length of 1,830 lineal meters and a width of 30 meters with a load capacity that can accommodate airbus 320. This airport is utilized as a commercial and military airport. Unfortunately, the operations of the Philippine Airlines in this route were terminated since March this year. At present, there are no commercial planes plying in this route, except military and private planes but on occasional basis only. It should also be noted that the terminal building and other amenities of the foregoing airport are already deteriorating and therefore will need immediate attention. The construction of new terminal building and upgrading of the required facilities and amenities is highly recommended, as this, to a large extent will attract new airline companies to operate in the Jolo-Zamboanga air route and thus, will again provide faster and easier mobility of people, goods and services to and from the capital town of Jolo and the city of Zamboanga, the exit point to the rest of the country. The resumption of commercials flights in the foregoing route may also encourage the business sector in the province, particularly those in Jolo, Indanan and Patikul to venture in new economic activities. The improvement and/or upgrading of the Jolo airport may also encourage airline companies to open a new route directly to Metro Manila.

Jolo-Zamboanga water access route

With the termination of PAL’s operation in Jolo, the Jolo-Zamboanga water access route became doubly important to the residents of Sulu, since this route is now, the only physical link of the province to the rest of the country via Zamboanga City. It serves as a trade and service access route as such; passengers and commercial cargoes from Sulu are loaded in a ship at the Port of Jolo and are unloaded in the Zamboanga City Pier. At present, fifteen (15) watercrafts are servicing this route: four (4) of these are exclusively for passengers (one fast craft and three (3) motor launches) while the eleven (11) others are motor vessels or boats that cater to passengers and cargoes (Table 39). With this number of vessels that call on this port and the volume of passengers and cargoes that are loaded daily, this facility is now experiencing port congestion, especially during the peak hours of cargo loading. Largely, this could be attributed to the limited berthing space at only 330 ln mtr and back up area of only 1,640 sq mtr and thus, some of the cargoes are stock filed on the working apron before loading into the boat. To ease this situation, the following measures are recommended: 1) improvement of port management, especially on the system of loading and unloading of passengers and cargoes; 2) extension of berthing space and expansion of back up areas; 3) improvement/upgrading of passengers’ terminal building; and 4) encourage shipping lines to utilize the RORO Port in Maimbung as alternate port of the province. This port was funded by GEM-USAID and constructed in 2006 but it has never been utilized as planned. However, should any of the shipping lines consider the latter

77


suggestion? All roads that link to the municipality of Maimbung must be given priority for rehabilitation, improvement and upgrading.

78

Table 3.42 External Linkage, Sea Transportation

Name of Ship/ Shipping Lines

Weesam Express/ Jolo-Zamboanga- Vice- VersaSNR Shipping Lines Jolo-Zamboanga- Sandakan Vice- VersaAleson Shipping LinesMV Kristel JaneMV Mary Joy 3MV Mary Joy 1Ever Shipping LinesMV Ever QueenEbenezzer Shipping LinesMV KC BeatrizMV Mama MiaMV Bounty Cruise Jolo-Zamboanga- Vice- Versa Passengers / CargoesMV Grandiflora Jolo-Zamboanga- Siasi-Tawi-Tawi Vice- Versa Passengers / CargoesML Katrina 2,3 Jolo-Zamboanga- Vice- Versa Passengers Source: PPA, MARINA, 2015

Jolo-Zamboanga- Vice- Versa Passengers / Cargoes

Jolo-Zamboanga- Siasi-Tawi-Tawi Vice- Versa Passengers / Cargoes

Route Mode of Service Provided

Passengers

Jolo-Zamboanga- Vice- Versa Passengers / Cargoes

Table 3.39 External Linkage, Sea transportation


Jolo - Bongao water access route

To the residents of Sulu, this route is not as important as the Jolo - Zamboanga water access route since most of the transactions are taking place in the city of Zamboanga and not in Bongao, Tawi-Tawi. If there are any, these are very minimal. In addition, Zamboanga City is considered as the second home base to a great number of Sulu residents especially parents whose children are studying in colleges and/or universities in the city. The Jolo-Siasi-Bongao water access route also functions as trade and service access route but on a lesser scale compared to the Jolo-Zamboanga route. At present, three (3) motor vessels are servicing this route alternately. Each vessel start – off from Zamboanga City, passes to the port of Jolo, in Jolo, Sulu and goes to Bongao, Tawi-Tawi via the port of Siasi in the municipality of Siasi, province of Sulu. Just like the port of Jolo, the port of Siasi has limited berthing space with only 37 ln mtr and too small working apron to provide easy movement of cargoes. To ease this situation, there is need to undertake a study for the expansion of the said port and if found feasible work for its immediate implementation.

3.5.2 The Internal Circulation

As an archipelagic province, the internal circulation of Sulu are land and water routes, hence roads, municipal wharves and/or berths are its support infrastructures. The latest reports from the district offices of DPWH and PEO indicate that the province has a total road length of roughly 1,028.5 kilometers consisting of national, provincial, municipal, barangay or farm - to – market roads (FMRs). Given this length, the province road density is estimated at only 0.61 km per sq km of arable land which is way below the standard of 1.5 kms per sq km of arable land (Table ___). The latest record from the PPDO also shows that Sulu has about 40 municipal wharves or berths. Twelve (12) of these are located in the municipalities of Sulu Mainland, i.e. Luuk, K. Kaluang and Jolo; ten (10) in Siasi and the remaining eighteen (18) are scattered in the other island municipalities of the province. The principal function of these wharves or berths is to provide areas for light watercrafts to dock for loading and unloading of passengers and cargoes. Passengers and cargoes of island municipalities that are closer to Sulu Mainland are ferried either to Luuk, K. Kaluang or Jolo, whichever is nearer; while those of the Siasi Group Island Municipalities are ferried to the Municipality of Siasi where some central service functions are available, e.g., wholesale/retail trade, basic health service, education, market, among others.

Given the situation, where Luuk, Jolo and Kalingalang Kaluang as entry points of people and agricultural products from the island municipalities and the current situation of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul as metropolitanizing area, there is need to compared to thedesign a “circulation network” as strategy and requisite for the

79


realization of the desired urban form: a metropolitan area comprising of the foregoing municipalities. This involves designing certain road links to perform certain principal functions such as arterials, collectors and distributors.

Arterials - are road links that connect two or more municipalities. At present, roads that link Jolo (the provincial capital) to the rest of the mainland municipalities perform arterial functions. To date, the most important arterial road is the Jolo – Luuk National Highway. It bisects the mainland into its northern and southern sections. From Jolo, it connects to Luuk in the northeastern section of the mainland traversing the municipalities of Talipao and Panamao over a distance of 50.7 kilometers. It should be noted however, that its present condition is not capable of handling all types of vehicular traffic. Upgrading of this road entails widening, surfacing and concreting. Another important arterial road is the Jolo – Parang National Highway. From Jolo, it connects to the municipality of Parang in the southwestern section of the main land passing through the municipality of Indanan. This road also needs upgrading to handle all types of vehicular traffic.

Collectors – are usually loops connecting two (2) points of other arterials, serving as alternate routes. Given this definition, the Jolo – Patikul – Panamao Junction loop is the only collector road in the Sulu mainland at present. This loop serves as a detour road in case the Jolo – Talipao section of the Jolo – Luuk National Highway becomes impassable for reasons or the other.

Distributors – complement the road network by connecting either the arterials or collectors to development areas or to centers of population. An example of this type of road is the Indanan Junction – Maimbung Road. All barangay or farm – to – market roads that are link to arterials or collectors can be classified as distributor roads.

3.5.2 Access

80

Table 3.43 Road Network, 2013

Concrete Asphalt Earth Gravel National

1st District 81.386 0.22 7.743 89.349 8.69%2nd District 45.188 - - 45.188 4.39%

Provincial 44.665 - - 221.745 266.41 25.90% Municipal 0.22 2.62 16.12 0.53 19.49 1.90% Barangay 30.4 25.5 395.24 156.93 608.07 59.12%

Total 201.859 28.34 411.36 386.948 1,028.51 100%Source: DPWH, PEO

Length of Pavement (km)

-

Classification Total Percent to total


For the island municipalities other than those within the Saisi group of islands, Jolo; the administrative, commercial, financial and educational center of the province can be accessed by water and land transportation. From the islands, passengers and cargoes are ferried by light watercrafts either to Luuk, Kalingalang Kaluang or Jolo for unloading, whichever is nearer. From these municipalities, passengers can take a public utility jeep (PUJ) for the Jolo town center while the cargoes mostly agricultural products can either be loaded on PUJ or on cargo trucks for hire. However, for faster mobility, a passenger can have a choice by taking a motorcycle for hire, commonly known as “habal – habal”, but is more costly in terms of fare compared to PUJ. The administrative and service center of the province in the southwestern section is the municipality of Siasi. It is also the exit point to other areas outside the province, as such; passengers and cargoes from the Siasi group of islands are ferried to Siasi by light watercrafts for unloading either for sale to the local businessmen in Siasi, in the case of agricultural products or for transshipment to other markets outside the province, like Zamboanga City.

3.5.3 Characteristics of roads and transport facilities

Table 3.33 above shows that Sulu has a total road length of 1,028.507 kilometers. Of this length, roughly 201.9 kms or 19.6 percent is of concrete surface, 28.34 kms or 2.8 percent is asphalt, 411. 36 kms or 40 percent is earth surface, while the remaining 386.95 kms or 37.6 percent is graveled. This shows, that roughly 78 percent of the total road length is still unpaved which can easily be destroyed or become muddy resulting from heavy rains and thus, making it difficult for four (4) wheels vehicles to pass. This gives no choice for the residents of outlying areas to take the so-called “habal-habal” In going to Jolo or other higher urban settlements that provide basic urban services. Likewise, the road density of the province is computed at only 0.61 km per sq km of arable land compared to the standard of 1.5 kms per sq km indicating that the province’s road network is still very much inadequate to meet the requirements of the local residents. This situation is further aggravated by the inadequacy of public utility vehicles (PUVs). The province has no buses but only few PUJs and cargo trucks for hire that are servicing the municipalities of mainland Sulu. This is complemented by “habal – habal”. Within the town proper, pedi-cabs and tricycles are also available for hire more particularly in the municipality of Jolo where market goers, students and employees usually took as their transportation in going to the markets, schools and places of works, respectively.

3.5.4 Existing and proposed roads for improvement

In consideration of population and settlement trends, physical resources, production areas and priority industries identified, the following roads are identified as priority for improvement and/or upgrading:

1) Jolo-Talipao-Luuk National Road2) Jolo-Taglibi-Panamao-Tiptipon National Road

81


3) Jolo-Danag-Talipao National Road4. Jolo-Indanan-Silangkan Road5) Jolo Circumferential Road

82

Table 3.44 Existing Road Network

CLASSIFICATION OF NATIONALROADS ROAD

Total Length in Kilometers 134.537 kms 266.410 kmsTotal Paved Roads 126.574 kms 44.665 kmsPercentage of Paved Roads 94.08% 16.76%Total Unpaved Roads 7.963 kms 221.745 kms

Percentage of Unpaved Roads 5.92% 83.24%

PROVINCIAL ROAD

Table 3.45 Distances of Mainland Municipalities to Jolo

Distance Travel Time(kilometers) (minutes)

Indanan 12.2 20Luuk 50.7 45Maimbung 15.4 35Panamao 36 40Parang 22.6 37Patikul 13.5 25Talipao 22 30Kalingalan Caluang 47.6 90Panglima Estino 36 50Source: PPDO-Socio Economic Profile

Municipality

Table __ Distances of Major Island Municipalities to Jolo (In Nautical Miles)

Island Municipality Nearest Point Farthest pointPanglima Tahil 4.35 14.29Pangutaran 20.5 80.79Pata 14.29 22.37Tapul/Lugus 21.75 26.12Siasi/Pandami 32.31 51.57Tongkil 34.79 57.78Source: PPDO SEP

Table 3.43 Distances of major island municipalities to Jolo (in Nautical Miles)


Figure 16: Road Network

3.6 Income, Employment, Service Access and Poverty

3.6.1 Income In 2009, the total family income of Sulu was recorded at PhP 7.87 billion

and total families of 123,165. This translates into an average income of PhP 63,925.00 per family per year or a monthly income of about PhP 5,327.00 (Table 3.37). Compare to the region, this is about 0.73 percent less than the average

83

úú

ú

ú

ú

ú

ú

úú ú

úú

ú

ú

úú

ú

ú

ú

Ë

Ë

Ë

Ë

ËË

Ë

ËË Ë

LUUKTALIPAO

PATIKUL

INDANAN

PARANG

PATA

TAPUL

PANAMAO

MAIMBUNG

KALINGALAN_CALUANG

PANGLIMA_ESTINO

JOLO

Ë

íí

í

íË

Ë

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


Legend:

N

EW

S8 0 8 Kilometers

Municipal BoundariesProvl/Mun/Barangay RoadsNational Roads

ú Bridges


BIA"08Source: JICA

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000ú

ÿí Ë

eË

Ë

Ë

280000

280000

670000 670000Jolo Capital

ÿËíe Airport

PortCell SitesPower

ú


income of PhP 64,393.00 per family living in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).

It should be noted however, that out of the five (5) provinces in the ARMM only Basilan had experienced a positive growth in the average family income, from a level of PhP67,497.00 in 2000it rose to PhP 74,296.00 in 2009 exhibiting an increase of 10.1 percent. All the other four (4) provinces namely: Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi had experienced decreases in the average family income in 2009 compare to their respective 2000 levels. This shows that the growth of population increase in these provinces are faster than the growth of production, a classical example of the Malthus Theory, which states, that population increase geometrically while production, increase arithmetically. The hardest hit among the four (4) provinces is Lanao del Sur with a negative growth of 25.3 percent compare to its 2000 level of PhP83,413.00 (Table 3.44).

3.6.2 Employment and UnemploymentThe Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA) Report on the Labor Force

Survey indicates that as of April 2013 the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) has a labor force (LF) of 1,251,553 out of 2,279,696 theoretically economic active populations or 15 years old and over populations. These translate into a Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of 54.9 percent compared to the nation’s rate of 40.9 percent. As of the same period the employment rate (ER) is recorded at 96.6 percent in absolute terms, about 1,209,000 were employed in various industries in the ARMM. Roughly 69 percent of this number was employed by the Agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishery group, 13.4 percent by the wholesale/retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles and personal and household goods group. The remaining 18 percent was employed by the transportation and storage group, public administration and defense compulsory security group, education group, among others (Table 3.45). Unemployment rate (UER) is recorded at 3.4 percent or about 42,553 are jobless or are still seeking for work. It should be noted however,

84

Total Families Total Income (P'000) 2009 2009 2000 (PhP) 2009 (PhP)

Basilan 56,177 4,173,745.00 67,497.00 74,296.00 Lanao del Sur 136,775 8,521,245.00 83,413.00 62,301.00 Maguindanao 181,961 11,388,205.00 76,438.00 62,586.00 Sulu 123,165 7,873,282.00 77,598.00 63,925.00Tawi-Tawi 62,726 4,242,523.00 85,240.00 67,636.00 ARMM 562,158 36,199,000.00 78,037.00 64,393.00 Philippines 15,959,452 2,377,760,000.00 144,039.00 148,187.57 Sources of Basic Data: FIES , 2009 and Census of Population and Dem. Characteristics, 2007 and 2010,NSO

Table ____ Total and Average Income, ARMM by province, 2000, 2009

ProvinceAverage Income per Family

(Details may not add up to totals due to rounding)

Table 3.44


that In the absence of these data at the provincial level, the same situation is assumed to hold true in the province of Sulu, particularly the distribution of employment among the major industry groups.

3.6.3 Social Services

3.6.3.1 Health

The health system in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is managed by the Integrated Provincial Health Offices or IPHOs as the implementing entities of DOH-ARMM in their

85

All Industries 1,209.0 866.0 343.0 Agriculture, forestry and hunting 660.1 493.6 167.7 Fishery 171.7 155.9 18.2 Manufacturing 18.1 5.2 12.7 Electricity, gas, steam and aircon- ditioning supply - 0.0 - Construction 14.5 14.7 - Wholesale/retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles and personal and household goods 162.0 71.9 89.9 Transportationn and storage 73.7 72.7 1.4 Accommodation and food service activities 4.8 0.9 3.4 Information and communication - - - Financial, insurance and real estate 1,.2 - 0.3 Administrative and support services 4.8 3.5 1 Public administration and defense compulsary social security 47.2 34.6 14 Education 38.7 13.0 26 Human health and social work 1.2 - 1.4 Other services 10.9 - 6.9 Source of Basic Data: Labor Force Survey, PSA, April 2013

Table___ Employed Persons in ARMM by Major Industry Groups, April 2013

Industry Group Both Sexes Male Female

(In Thousand: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding)

Table 3.45


respective provinces. For faster and effective delivery of health services in the province, the IPHOs adopted a district health system.

In Sulu, six district offices were established with corresponding catchment area and facilities. These are in Jolo, Parang, Luuk, Siasi, Panamao and Pangutaran. The Jolo district consists of the Provincial Hospital and the Rural Health Units (RHUs) of Jolo, Patikul, Talipao, Indanan and Hadji P. Tahil. Parang district includes the Parang district hospital and the RHUs of Parang, Maimbung and Pata. Luuk district consists of the Luuk district hospital and the RHUs of Luuk, Omar, K. Caluang and Panglima Estino. Siasi district includes the Siasi district hospital and the RHUs of Siasi, Lugus and Pandami. The Panamao and Pangutaran districts consist of their own district hospital and RHU. While the municipalities of Tongkil and Tapul, though not within the catchment area of any of the districts have their own municipal hospitals and RHUs.

1) Major indicators Hospital bed – population ratio

A glance at the preceding paragraph shows that Sulu has eight (8) hospitals and nineteen (19) rural health units (RHUs). Five (5) of these hospitals are district hospitals, two (2) municipal hospitals and one (1) provincial hospital. The provincial hospital is classified as a secondary hospital while the district and municipal hospitals are categorized as infirmaries. These hospitals are complemented by two more hospitals one (1) privately owned and one (1) government, that is, Sulu Sanitarium managed by Centers for Health Development (CHD) IX.

This brings to a total of 10 hospitals with a combined bed capacity of 290 (Table 3.39). Relating this capacity to the 2010 total population (718,290) of Sulu, this translates into a hospital bed - population ratio of 1:2,477 or one (1) bed per 2,477 persons compared to the standard ratio of one (1) bed per 1,000 persons. This shows that Sulu’s hospital bed capacity is more than twice less than the standard hospital bed-to- population ratio. This means that more hospitals and beds are needed to improve the delivery of hospital services in the province.

Further, it should be noted, that while the provincial hospital is experiencing a bed occupancy rate of more one hundred (100) percent, the district and municipal hospitals are observed to have experienced a bed occupancy rate of less than 50 percent. An indication that more than 50 percent of the local residents in these areas prefer to seek medical treatment from the provincial hospital or from other hospitals outside the province that provide better services

86


or that the local residents due to meager income prefer to seek medical treatment or advice either from the RHU or BHS in their respective area. To some extent, others may have resorted to self-medication. Moreover, with the completion of the on-going construction of hospital in the municipality of Maimbung the current health situation in the province is expected to improve.

87

Population2010 Standard Actual

Sulu Provincial Hospital, Jolo 100 Sulu Sanitarium, Jolo 15 Sulu Medical Specialist, Jolo (Private Hosp.) 118,307 30/145 1:1,000 1 : 816 Parang District Hospital, Parang 58,028 25 1:1,000 1 : 2,321 Luuk District Hospital, Luuk 29,897 25 1:1,000 1 : 1,196 Panamao District Hospital, Panamao 37,993 25 1:1,000 1 : 1,520 Siasi District Hospital, Siasi 64,229 25 1:1,000 1 : 2,569 Pangutaran District Hospital, Pangutaran 28,461 25 1:1,000 1 : 1,138Tapul Municipal Hospital, Tapul 16,370 10 1:1,000 1 : 1,367 Tongkil Municipal Hospital, Tongkil 17,802 10 1:1,000 1 : 1,780 Population of other municilities 347,203 - - -

Sources of Basic Data: PSA, Z.C, and IPHO, Sulu

Table_____ Number of Hospitals, Beds and Bed to Population Ratio, Sulu, Dec. 2014

Hospital Name/LocationRatio

Beds

Totals 718,290 290 1:1,000 1:2,477

N.B. Actual ratios are computed based on 2010 populations

Table 3.46


Figure 17: Location of Hospitals: ARMM, Sulu, 2013

Source: IPHO, Sulu

Health personnel – population ratio

Another important factor in the delivery of health services is the availability of health personnel. As of December 2014, Sulu has a total of 553 health personnel with the following ratios: Doctors; 1:14,659, Nurses; 1:2,784, Dentist, 1: 119,715, Midwives, 1: 2,993. However, with the employment of nurses under the RN Heals Project and midwives under the Rural Health Midwife Placement Project (RHMPP) and the Midwife in every community in ARMM (MECA) Project has to a large extent augmented the number nurses and midwives in the province. Otherwise, the foregoing ratios of nurses and midwives to population would have been worse. Moreover, even with the foregoing augmentation, the lack of health service personnel in the field especially doctors and dentists continue to remain as major setback in improving the delivery of health services in the rural areas. This is further aggravated by the presence of lawless elements in the area; inadequate medical supplies and equipments in hospitals, RHUs and barangay health stations; and the lack of infrastructure, facilities and utilities like roads, transportation, power and water supply.

88


Morbidity In 2013, there were 51,497 persons afflicted with various types of sickness (Table 3.47). Most of these may either be caused by viral, fungal or bacterial infections due to poor hygiene and sanitation practice, poor eating habit and/or improper diet, climate change and to some extent the poor health seeking behavior of a great number of families in the province, especially those living in the rural areas.

These diseases include: upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with the highest number of cases reported at 18,984, followed by hypertension with 7,411 cases, gastroenteritis with 6,231, pneumonia and skin diseases with 4,700 and 3,782 cases, respectively. The least number of cases was peptic ulcer with 1,637 cases (Table 3.40), This shows that in 2013, the first three (3) leading causes of morbidity in Sulu were: the upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), hypertension and gastroenteritis. It should also be noted, that though not in the top ten leading causes of morbidity, diabetes mellitus is currently on the rise and that while malaria disease has been significantly controlled by the movement against malaria project (MAMP) of the Filipinas Shell, Inc., lymphatic filariasis (LF), another mosquito-borne disease is endemic in the province, particularly in areas where abaca plants are predominantly planted and has not been controlled yet.

MortalityAside from infectious diseases like pneumonia, gastroenteritis

and PTB, the leading causes of deaths includes lifestyle-related diseases. Hypertension coupled with diabetes mellitus have increased the risk of heart attack (myocardial infarction) and stroke (cerebro vascular accident). The emergence of drug-resistant TB has further added to the challenges in the management of this age-old infection.

89

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) 18,984 2,177.31 Hypertension 7,411 849.98 Gastroenteritis 6,231 714.65 Pneumonia 4,700 539.05 Skin Diseases 3,782 433.77 Fever 2,595 297.63 Anemia 2,270 260.35Musculoskeletal Problem 2,031 232.94 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 1,856 212.87 Peptic Ulcer Disease 1,637 187.75

Table ___ Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity (FHSIS, 2013)

Causes Number of Cases Rate per 100,000

Source of Data:IPHO, Sulu

Table 3.47 Ten leading causes of Morbidity (FHSIS, 2013)


Noteworthy is the inclusion of gunshot wounds which could largely be attributed to the peace and order problem in the province. Dengue was a top- killer disease in 2013 with 9 deaths attended at the Sulu Provincial Hospital. Death rate among children under 5 yrs. old is 12 deaths per 1,000 livebirths. There are 2,517 children who are underweight with a prevalence rate of 3.5.

Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition (MCHN) Maternal mortality is assessed in actual numbers rather than

percentage or ratio because of the lack of reliable data on total live births. Registration of births and deaths is poor. Maternal deaths considered are those attended in the hospitals usually at the provincial hospital since it is a referral center. There were 8 mothers who died in 2013 compared to 17 in 2012. Causes were post- partum hemorrhage with history of poor ante natal care and attempts to deliver in the homes. FHSIS report shows that 2 percent of the total live births were low birth weight, weight below 2.5 kgs. Home deliveries attended by traditional birth attendants predominate at 74 percent. Figure __ shows poor MNCHN indicators. Thirty-five (35) percent of mothers have at least four ante natal visits that majority of pregnancies become complicated or end with cesarean section, hence the high CS rate of 17 percent at the provincial hospital. Only 25 percent of post partum mothers had at least 2 visits within the first week after delivery. The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) though low at 25 percent has shown an increasing trend from 15 percent in 2011 to 16 in 2012. CPR for January to June 2014 has further increased to 25 percent. The erratic supply of vaccines, the geography and the mobile population are the major causative factors of the very low rate of fully immunized children at 29 percent. The IPHO is exerting all efforts to increase access of information to the clients to reduce unmet needs in maternal and child care.

90

Table ___ Ten Leading Causes of Death: ARMM, Sulu, 2013

Pneumonia 345 39.37 Cerebrovascular accident 203 23.28 Sepsis 155 17.78 Senelity (Old age) 68 7.8 Hypertension 68 7.8 Gunshot wound 65 7.45 Pulmonary tuberculosis 61 7 Myocardial infarction 51 5.85 Menengitis 44 5.05 Gastroenteritis 42 4.82Source of Data: FHSIS, 2013

Causes Number of Cases Rate per 100,000

Table 3.48 Ten leading causes of Death: ARMM, 2013)


Figure 18: Maternal and Child Health Nutrition Indicators So ur ce :

FHSIS, 2013

b. Key Challenges and constraints Despite the significant gains in the control of malaria disease to

elimination mode, the province is still confronted with great challenges of promoting quality health service especially to the underserved and underprivileged population of the province. Existing health manpower, facilities and amenities are still insufficient to address health needs. The lack of personnel, especially doctors and dentists and the lack of training of some personnel to handle every aspect of health services in the municipalities are apparently the major factors contributing to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Other factors like: environmental sanitation; personal hygiene; convenient access to potable water supply and health service centers; improper diet and nutrition, lack of medical supplies due to limited funding and the long decade problem of peace and security in the province also require special attention to arrest the current health situation in the area.

c. Key Strategies/policy options

The following are the policy options and/or strategies to address the key areas of concerns and challenges enumerated above: 1) Recruitment and hiring of more medical personnel, particularly doctors, dentists, radiologists and allied medical personnel, e.g., medical technologists, x-ray technicians and nutritionists; 2)Encourage Sulu-born doctors with specialized field to serve their fellow Suluans; 3) Increase budget for the acquisition of medical supplies and equipment as well as for the salaries of health personnel; 4) Improve access to potable water supply; 5) improve access to medical service centers through the construction of RHUs and BHSs in communities where such facilities are not available; 6) Construction/rehabilitation of all-weather roads leading to all medical service centers including the provision of adequate and dependable

91


transportation system; and 7) Workout a scheme to ensure the peace and security in the province.

3.6.3.2 Education

a. Major indicators

Literacy rate Sulu’s literacy rate in SY 2012-2013(76.60 percent) was the lowest compared to other provinces in the country and lower by about 6 and 21 percentage points compared to the region and the nation, respectively. Further analysis disclosed that male students are more literate than females. Within the province, the municipality of Jolo had the highest at 95.5 percent and the lowest was the municipality of Siasi with only 65.3 percent. Twelve (12) out of the province’s 19 municipalities have literacy rate lower than province. To a large extent this could be attributed to: 1) geographic characteristics of the province; 2) poor access to educational facilities due to inadequate

92


roads and transportations; 3) insufficient income (poverty); 4) lack of textbooks, classrooms teachers and visual aids; and 5) unstable peace and order conditions in some areas of the province. Enrollment

Enrollment in the elementary level continued to decrease from 111,047 in SY 2010 – 2011 to 103,545 in SY 2012 - 2013, an average decrease of 1.4 percent annually (Table 3.42). In contrast, enrollment in the secondary level increased to 20,574 in SY 2012 - 2013 from 19,018 in SY 2010 – 2011, a yearly increase of 2.7 percent (Table 3.43). The decreasing trend in the elementary level may be attributed to low family income, relatively poor access to schools due to far distance, lack of roads and transportation, lack of parental supports and unstable peace and order conditions in some areas of the province.

Cohort survival ratesFurther analysis of tables 3.44 show that the cohort survival rate

(CSR) in the elementary level improved from about 34 percent in SY 2010-2011 to roughly 43 percent in SY 2012-2013 (Table 3.44). This may be attributed to the moderate decreased in the number of enrollees in the beginning grade in SY 2012-2013 and slight increase of enrollment in Grade VI during the SY 2012-2013when reckoned vis-a-vis the SY 2010-2011 enrollment, Further, these rates are all below the 50 percent mark which may be too low compared to the national targets though are not available as of this report. Moreover, the cohort survival rate in secondary level exhibited a downtrend, from 66.01 percent in SY 2010-2011 to 62.39 percent in SY 2012-2013. To a large extent, this could be attributed to poverty where students, because of necessity leave school to seek employment or assist parents in generating additional income for the family to meet the

93

Average 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012 -2013 Inc/ Dec (In %)

I 29,682 29,584 25,321 -4.9II 22,357 22,456 21,972 -0.6III 18,805 18,357 18,032 -1.4IV 15,095 15,423 14,917 -0.4V 12,030 12,630 12,428 1.1VI 10,078 10,720 10,875 2.6

Total 108,047 109,170 103,545 -1.4

Table ___ Enrollment in the Elementary Level: Sulu, by Grade and School Year

Grade School Year

Source of Data: DepEd, Sulu

Table 3.49 Enrollment in the Elementary level: Sulu, by Grade and School year


day’s end needs. This may also be attributed to armed conflict and early marriage.

Classroom – pupil/student ratioTotal enrollment for SY 2012-2013 in the Elementary Grades was

recorded at 103,545 pupils. With 1,883 classrooms available for use, this translates to a classroom-pupil ratio of 1:55 or one (1) classroom for every fifty-five (55) pupils, roughly 38 percent more than the national standard of one (1) classroom for every forty (40) pupils. For the same period, enrollment in the Secondary Level registered a total of 20,574 students and with 343 classrooms available for use, this gives us a classroom-students ratio of 1:60 or one (1) classroom for every sixty (60) students, exceeding the national standard by about 33 percent. To be at far with the national standard about 820 additional classrooms would have been constructed or put in place during the foregoing school year, 706 for the Elementary Level and 114 for the Secondary Level (Table 3.45).

For complete package at least two (2) blackboards and forty (40) arm-chairs should have been provided to each classroom either by the national or local authorities. It should noted however, that thesenumbers are only directed to the SY 2012-2013 situation and are not intended to address the requirements of the succeeding school

94

Average 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012 -2013 Inc/ Dec (In %)

First 5,823 6,280 6,462 3.7Second 4,927 5,367 5,309 2.6Third 4,424 4,418 4,759 2.5Fourth 3,844 3,954 4,044 1.7

Total 19,018 20,019 20,574 2.7Source of Data: DepEd, Sulu

Year School Year

Table ___ Enrollment in the Secondary Level: ARMM, Sulu, by School Year, SY: 2010-2011, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013

Table 3.50 Enrollment in the Secondary level: ARMM, Sulu by School


years. Hence, it is strongly recommended that a detailed School Building Program be prepared by the concern entity once this PDPFP is adopted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (SP).

Teacher – pupil/student ratioIn School Year 2012- 2013, the Teacher – Pupil/Student Ratio was

not as bad as the Classroom – Pupil/Student Ratio. At 103,545 pupils and 2,430 elementary school teachers, the teacher-pupil ratio in the

95

Total Actual No. C-P/ S ClassroomEnrollment Classrooms Ratio Requirements

Elementary 103,545 1883 1:55 706 Secondary 20,574 343 1:60_ 114Source of Basic Data: DepEd, Sulu

Level

Table ___ Classroom - Pupil/ Student Ratio, Classroom Shortages: Sulu, by Level, SY 2013-2014

2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013Elementary 33.95 36.24 42.95 Secondary 66.01 62.96 62.39Source of Data: DepEd, Sulu

Levels School Year

Table__ Cohort Survival Rates: Sulu by Elementary and Secondary Levels (Rate, In percent)Table 3.51 Cohort Survival rates: Sulu by Elementary and Secondary levels (Rate, in percent)

Table 3.52 Classroom-Pupil/Student Ratio, Classroom shortages: Sulu, by Level, SY 2013-2014


Elementary Level is estimated at roughly 1:43 or one (1) teacher for every 43 pupils compared to the national standard of one (1) teacher for every forty (40) pupils. However, while this estimate shows an almost ideal situation, the situation in the field is otherwise, since some the schools have surplus teachers while others have shortage of teachers, an indication of the problem of deployment and/or assignment of teachers. In the absence of a data on the number of high school teachers in the province, the same situation is assumed to hold true in the Secondary Level. School participation rates

For the past four (4) years the school participation rate in the province revealed an increasing trend from 75.37 percent in SY 2010-2011 to 76.81 percent in SY 2012-2013 an average increase of about 0.64 percent annually, which could largely be attributed to 4Ps and partly to the admission of six (6) years old child to Grade I. However, these increases are still far below the standard national target of 98 percent for the elementary age group of 6-12 years old. Likewise, the school participation rate in the secondary level revealed the same trend as in the elementary level, from 57.78 percent in SY 2010-2011 to 59.42 percent in SY 2012-2013, an average increase of roughly 0.95 percent per annum. These figures are also far below the national standard of 78 percent for the secondary age group of 13-16 years old.

Aside from causes already enumerated above, low participation rates in public elementary and secondary schools is influence by the presence of private schools in Jolo and in some more developed municipalities in the province, child labor, migration, illness or poor health, peer influence or influence of barkada and early marriage, among others.

b. Key Challenges and constraints

Literacy rate is low at 76.6 percent, the lowest compared to other provinces in the country. Lower by about six (6) and twenty-one (21) percentage points vis-à-vis the region and the nation. Increasing this rate to close the gap between the province and the nation is therefore, the most important challenge of both the national and local government units and officials. However, this may not be possible if the root causes will not be addressed, such as the following: 1) low family income; 2) poor access to learning centers (schools) due to insufficient roads and transportations; 3) lack of classrooms, chairs and blackboards; 4) residence are far from schools due to the archipelagic characteristics of the province; 5) lack of textbooks, science apparatus and other teaching – related paraphernalia; and 6) long-decade problem of peace and security.

96


c. Key Strategies/policy options:1) Improve the economic conditions of the local residents through

skills trainings;2) Provision of liberalize credit to qualified applicants to enable

them to open or start a business;3) Improve physical access to schools;4) Construction of school buildings in island communities with

sufficient number of school – going age population but are out of school;

5) Provision of school desks and/or arm chairs and blackboards for the elementary and secondary schools in areas that are in need of such facilities;

6) Acquisition of more textbooks, laboratory apparatus and other teaching-related paraphernalia; and

7) Deployment of more peace-keeping troops in strategic areas of the province.

97


3.6.3.3 Housing

a. Major indicators

Percentage distribution of households by type of housing unit occupied In the absence of the 2010 data on the foregoing indicator, the 2000 data is assumed to hold true even up to present time where close to 100 percent of the total households in the province still occupy the single-type housing unit. Less than one (1) percent occupies the duplex, apartment and/or mixed-used type of residential units.

Housing backlog Though there is no exact figure on housing backlog at present, actual observations in the area will tell us that housing backlog is one of the concerns that the province must have to address to reduce the incidence of poverty. As observed some communities are located in hazard prone areas, some families are staying in makeshift housing and some are squatters. Furthermore, the 655 target households (who are victims of natural and manmade calamities) for shelter under the Transition Investment Support Program (TISP) and Habitat for Humanity only 490 units were completed as of 2014. The remaining 165 units are either for construction or completion.

b. Key Challenges and constraints The primary concern of the government is to undertake a

thorough study on the situation of the housing sector in the province. As pointed out by the DSWD, Sulu, one of the issues for the non-completion of the 165 shelter units under TISP is the non-availability

98


of site since there are no donors for the housing sites. The immediate challenge therefore is the acquisition of sites by the concerned LGUs through expropriation. It should be noted however, that sites acquisition will not be limited to accommodate the 165 units under the TISP but also for the relocation of houses that are located in hazard prone areas to reduce the risk from any form of disaster event, whether earthquake, flash floods, tsunami, strong waves, landslide and/or fire.

c.Key strategies/policy options1) Conduct of study on the situation of the housing sector in the

province;2) Preparation of a feasibility study on the development of a low-

cost housing project;3) Site identification and acquisition for the establishment of low-

cost housing projects;4) Relocation of houses in hazard prone areas to the identified sites

and sourcing of the corresponding funds; and5) Encourage local private developer to undertake low-cost housing

projects in the province particularly in the municipalities of Indanan and Patikul, the adjacent municipalities of the metropolitanizing Jolo.

3.6.3.4 Security

a.Major indicators Crime volume

The crime volume in the province has increased to 399 in 2013 from 81 in 2009, indicating that peace and security in the area is not getting better overtime if not fluctuating. In contrast crime solution efficiency shows a decreasing trend, an indication that the apprehension and justice system is not working well in the province. On the hand, the increasing crime volume may be attributed to the presence of the kidnap for ransom group and other misguided guided

99

Crime Incidents 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Number Number Number Number Number

Index Crime 41 67 36 44 238Non-Index Crime 40 31 35 41 161Total Crime Volume 81 98 71 85 399Total Crime Solved 21 34 24 29 80Total Crime Cleared 18 20 4 5 19Crime Solution Efficiency 33.33% 34.69% 33.30% 34.12% 20.05%Crime Clearance Efficiency 22.22% 20.41% 5.63% 5.88% 4.76% AMCR 0.79 1.14 0.82 0.99 4.61

Table ____ Number of Crime Incidents: ARMM, Sulu by yearYear

Source of Data: PNP Office, J olo, Sulu

Table 3.53 Number of Crime incidents: ARMM, Sulu by year


elements in the area, low family income, family feud, and lack of law-enforcement personnel as described in the succeeding paragraph below. The decreasing crime solution efficiency on the other hand, may be attributed to the low capacity of the apprehending authority to arrest the perpetuators of crimes and the failure of the prosecutors to file the necessary charges in court for lack of evidence and/or witness, which in most cases are afraid to stand witness for fear of their lives.

Police-population ratioAs of 2010, Sulu’s PNP has a total workforce of 1,111 policemen

serving a population of 718,350. This translates into a police-population ratio of 1:647 or one (1) policeman for every 647 persons (Table ___) compared to the national standard of One (1) policeman for every 500 persons. However, compared to other provinces and cities, this ratio is better than the city of Zamboanga and the province of Zamboanga Sibugay with ratio of 1:700 and 1:1,200 persons, respectively. Moreover, considering the geographic configuration of the province as archipelagic and the presence of lawless or misguided elements, this ratio need to approximate if not to equal that of the national standard and ensure that each municipality will have a fair share in the deployment of policemen. Apparently, the assignment of policemen among the eighteen (18) municipalities in the province was not done proportionately.

Key challenges and constraints The increasing crime volume in the province will have a far

reaching. Implications on the development of the province, particularly on the business and agricultural sectors. On the one hand, businessmen are hesitant to expand their existing business or establish new ones for the simple reason that they might be the targets of the extortionists. On the other hand, the farmers are likewise hesitant to engage in commercial farming for fear of their safety in the farming areas, which are usually situated in remote areas of the province. The presence of the kidnap for ransom group and other misguided elements in area is the main contributory factor to the apprehensions of both the businessmen and farmers of the province.

b.Key strategies/policy options:1) Neutralize the presence of the kidnap for ransom group and

other misguided element in the area by deploying more

100


military and police personnel in strategic areas of the province on permanent basis;

2) Provision of informal skills training on home industries for out-of-school youth and adults, especially the non-working mothers including a liberalized credit as seat capital to the graduates of these trainings;

3) Provision of formal skills training to qualified out-of-school youth applicants under the TESDA Skills Development Program;

4) Conduct dialogues to warring families to settle their differences;

5) Provision of training on the appropriate techniques of arresting crime suspects; and

6) Revisit the Witness Protection Program of the government to determine what improvement can be done if there are any.

3.6.3.5 Utility/Infrastructure Services

3.6.3.5.1 Water and Sanitation a. Major indicators

Percentage distribution of households by main source of water supply or by type of water supply, e.g., Level I, Level II, and Level III.

At present only the town of Jolo and some barangays of the municipalities of Patikul and Indanan have access to Level III water supply system provided by the Jolo Mainland Water District. All other municipalities of the province and the remaining barangays of Jolo, Patikul and Indanan which are not currently served by the Jolo Mainland Water District draw their water for drinking and cooking from Communal Faucets (Level II) while others, especially those in the rural barangays draw their water from point source (Level I), either from rain collector, dug wells or springs. However, it should be noted that the existing system of the Jolo Mainland Water District (JMWD) has a capacity of 6,688,226.67 ltrs per day with a service connections of 4,289 households located in the town of Jolo and some barangays of Patikul and Indanan. At an average household size of six (6) persons and a per capital consumption of 45 liters per day, this translates to a daily water requirement of 1,158,030 liters indicating that the existing system still has an excess capacity of 5,530,196.67 liters, which can provide 20,482 more new service connections. The issue is, do the local water utility company has the capacity to undertake such activity, since it

101


is currently facing a financial and management crises which can’t even maintain its facilities resulting to water losses, and thus cannot provide a 24/7 service to its consumers.

Furthermore, this situation was aggravated by the clearing of trees around Gandasuli and Liang Springs in Patikul and other areas nearby to give way for the establishment of military camps and housing subdivision, respectively. It should be noted that Gandasuli and Liang springs are two (2) of the province’s capital (Jolo) major sources of potable water and that the clearing of trees around these springs have increase the level of soil erosion in the area resulting to a decrease of water level in the reservoir of Jolo from seven (7) feet in 1990 to six (6) feet in 1993.

Percentage distribution of households by type of toilet facilities being used.

In terms of toilet facilities being used, 17 percent of the total households use water-sealed sewer/septic tank, 18 percent use water-sealed other depository, 13 percent use the closed-pit type, 38 percent use the open-pit type, while the remaining 14 percent have no toilet at all. This shows that more than 50 percent of the total households have no access to sanitary toilet. This may be attributed to low family income or to a certain extent, to the cultural practice of some tribes especially those staying along the seashores.

b. Key challenges and constraints As earlier described, the existing water system has an excess capacity of 5,530,196.67 liters which can provide additional service connections to 20,482 households in Jolo, Patikul and Indanan. Some residents outside of Jolo, Patikul and Indanan, rely more on point source, either from rain collectors, dug wells or springs. These sources can be dangerous to the health of the residents as these may be contaminated with water borne diseases. Only few have access to communal faucets (Level II) which are mostly located in town and barangay centers.

In terms of toilet facilities being used, more than 50 percent of the total households in the province do not have access to sanitary toilets. Some residents disposed their waste along seashores or coastal areas where they are residing.

C. Key strategies/policy options:1) Provide capability building training for the management staff

and technical personnel of JMWD;

102


2) Local Government Units (LGUs) to develop proposals on Spring Development cum Livelihood projects for possible grant from the Government of Japan (GOJ) through the Grassroot;

3) Development of a project proposal for the improvement and expansion of the present water system of the Jolo Mainland Water District for possible loan from the Local Water Utility Administration (LWUA);

4)Ensure that all remaining trees surrounding existing springs be protected from clearing and that those areas around Gandasuli and Liang springs that are not occupied by military camps be planted to fast growing trees; and

5)IEC on the negative effects of disposing human waste along seashores and if possible provide communal toilets in strategic areas of these communities.

3.6.3.6 Power a. Major Indicators

Percentage of Households served by Electricity The province is served by the National Power-Small Power

Utilities Group (NPC-SPUG) through the Sulu Electric Cooperative (SULECO) for the mainland and Siasi Electric Cooperative (SIASELCO) for the island municipality of Siasi. Power sources are coming from land-based generating station with a total installed capacity of 6.65 MW. The electrification program of the government already covered about 58 percent of the municipalities of the province where some 21,205 households are served. There are still barangays in the municipalities that are not yet energized, but through the accelerated rural electrification program, some of these far-flung barangays were energized through solar power provided by the Alliance for Mindanao Off-Grid Renewable Energy (AMORE), which aims to establish a sustainable renewable energy systems in remote rural communities of former rebel combatants and the Solar Power Technology Support (SPOTS) project of the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) for the Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs) in the province. SPOTS is an integrated social and agricultural development project that complements existing efforts in improving socio-economic conditions of the Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries. These programs will contribute to peace and development initiatives in Mindanao particularly in Sulu by improving the quality of life in these communities.

b. Key Challenges and constraints

103


As of 2007 about 58 percent of the municipalities in the province are already covered by the Electrification Program of the government of which some 21,205 households are served. It should noted however, that while these indicators will indicate to us the municipalities and barangays that yet to be energized, it does not indicate to us whether 100 percent of the households in the province are served by electricity. A better indicator is the percentage of households served by electricity and whether the delivery service is on a 24 by 7 basis. The immediate challenge therefore, is for the agencies concerned to undertake a study on the power situation in the province indicating among others: the number of households and the percentage of households served by electricity in each municipality; power service delivery; system loss; and power rates by type of users.

c. Key Strategies/policy options1)Preparation of a study on the current power situation in the

province;2)Preparation of a project proposal for the improvement and

expansion of the existing power supply system in the province using the results of the study on the current power situation;

3)Sourcing of funds for the implementation of the proposal; and4)Enjoin all local government units (LGUs) and residents to use

the solar technology especially those in the municipalities.

3.6.3.7 Drainage/Flood Control a. Major Indicator

Extent of flooding Although Sulu is outside the typhoon belt some of its

municipalities are still prone to natural hazards. Jolo, Patikul, Panamao, Parang and Maimbung are prone to flooding. Records show, that these municipalities had experienced flooding in the past years but the hardest hit was Jolo where some 24,247 persons or 4,416 families were affected, seven (7) dead and 63 injured. Further, past experiences also revealed that even on a short period of heavy rainfall most of the areas of Jolo’s town center were affected by flash floods which greatly disturbed the economic

104


activities of the town aside from the damages to lives and properties of affected families in the area.

The occurrence of flash floods in the foregoing areas could be attributed to the inefficient flood control and drainage system. The drainage system along the business and commercial center of Jolo is already obsolete, most are condemned and non-functional. Similarly, the municipalities of Patikul, Panamao, Parang and Maimbung which are also prone to flooding are in the same situation or even worse as far as the availability and efficiency of flood control and drainage system are concern. Some of these municipalities may not even have these facilities.

b. Key Challenges and constraints Major settlements of the abovementioned municipalities are

natural drainage areas due to their physical configuration. At present, the vulnerability level of these municipalities to flooding is still high. The key challenge therefore is to minimize the adverse impact or risks associated to flooding.

c. Key Strategies/policy options1) Conduct of a detailed hydrological survey to determine the areas

that are prone to flooding;2) Preparation and implementation of master plan for drainage and

flood control system for all the affected municipalities; and3) No further development in areas that are identified as flood

prone.

3.6.3.8 Solid Waste Managementa. Major Indicators

Percentage distribution of households by type of garbage disposal

The province does not have existing controlled dumpsite. The extent of formal recycling through LGU initiatives has been limited due to some factors such as the small volume of waste generated. Jolo is the only municipality that generates substantial volume of waste being the provincial and commercial center of the province.

105


The 2000 data on garbage disposal revealed that roughly 55 percent of the total households burnt their garbage, 22 percent dumped their garbage in individual pit, 6 percent had their garbage picked up by a garbage truck and the remaining 18 percent are either left to decay, buried, or fed to animals.

b. Key challenges and constraints

Jolo is a metropolitanizing municipality with a population density of over seven thousand (7,000) persons per sq km in 2010, as such is expected to generate substantial volume of solid waste that will warrant the establishment of a controlled dumpsite or land fill. Hence, it’s about time for the Provincial Government (PG) to plan for the establishment of such facility in strategic area of the province, more specifically within the proposed Metro Jolo area comprising of the municipalities of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul.

c. Key Strategies/policy options1) Preparation of a Feasibility Study for the establishment of a

controlled dumpsite and/or land fill;2) Preparation of a Solid Waste Management Plan; 3) IEC on the implementation of foregoing plan; and4) Implementation of the Plan.

3.6.3.9 Other Services3.4.3.9.1 Day Care Services

a. Major Indicator Proportion of Day Care Centers to total number of barangays

One of the services of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is the Early Child Care and Development (ECCD) catering to children ages 3-4 years old. Day care sessions are usually held in Day Care Centers and are handled by Day Care workers trained by DSWD staff to perform a very challenging task of rearing our young kids. As of 2014 however, only 193 barangays in Sulu out of 410 have Day Care Centers (DCCs). Roughly 53 percent of the barangays are without such facilities. Moreover, to remedy the situation, some day care sessions are held either in the residence of the day care workers or barangay captains. Some are held in waiting sheds, barangay halls and in multi-purpose centers. In spite of this, the problem of sustaining the foregoing program continued to persist. Apparently, some local government units (LGUs) and communities are not supportive

106


of the program as evident by the absence of Day Care Centers in 217 barangays (Table ___). In barangays where DCCs and day care services are available, the honoraria of some day care workers are too low, ranging from PhP 1,000.00 – PhP 1,500.00 per month and at times are not sustained and therefore, the day care service program are also affected.

b. Key Challenges and constraints As described above, the sustainability of the Early Child

Care and Development program continued to persist over the years since it does not enjoy a 100 percent support from most local government units and the communities. Hence, the major challenge is to deliver the program or service from its present state.

c. Key Strategies/policy options1) Revisit the program whether the programmed activities

are adequately delivered to the intended beneficiaries. Chances are that these are not done as they ought to be. This may be one of the reasons why some of the local LGUs and communities are hesitant to extend a full support to the program;

2) Enjoin all LGUs and barangay officials to participate in the implementation of the program by presenting to them the concept of the Program;

3) Construction of at least one (1) day care center in each of the 217 barangays without day care center;

4) Institutionalize the positions of day care workers including the provision of commensurate remuneration; and

5) Provision of all the necessary facilities for efficient delivery of services by the Center.

3.7 Poverty

a.Major indicators Poverty Threshold

The 2013 First Semester Report of NSCB reveals that the Per Capita Poverty Threshold in Sulu during the 1st Semester of 2012 was estimated at PhP 9,996.00, roughly 0.31 percent less compared to ARMM’s per capita poverty threshold of PhP 10,027.00 and about 6.5 percent more than the country’s per capita poverty threshold of PhP 9,385.00 (Table 3.54 below).

107

Table 3.54


The same report points out that during the first half of 2012, a family of five (5) needed about PhP 5,458.00 to meet basic food requirements each month and PhP 7,821.00 to stay within the poverty threshold to afford in a sustained manner their basic needs of food, health, education, housing and other amenities of life. These amounts represent the food and poverty thresholds, respectively which increased by 13.1 percent from the first semester of 2009 to the first semester of 2012, compared to the 28.8 percent between the first semesters of 2006 and 2009.

Poverty Incidence The poverty incidence in Sulu decreased to 30.3 percent

during the first semester of 2012 from 42.9 percent and 37.9 percent during the same periods of 2006 and 2009. This shows that about 12. 6 percent of the families in the province have graduated from subsistence incidence to at least within the poverty threshold or above. This decrease could be attributed to the improvement and upgrading of roads in some areas of the province like the concreting of the Jolo-Maimbung provincial road and other farm-to-market roads that provide easier access of farm products to the market.

The other forms of assistances extended by the Provincial Government, local government units, and line agencies to the local industries like coffee, abaca, fishing and seaweeds also contributed to this positive development. In terms of poverty reduction, Sulu had performed better compared to the other provinces in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) except Tawi-Tawi which had the lowest poverty incidence in the region at only 20.8 percent. Lanao del Sur had the highest at 68.9

108

2006 2009 2012 2006 2009 2012 Basilan 6.347 8,191 9,541 31.2 37.4 32.5 Lanao del Sur 6,443 8,309 10,970 38.1 51.4 68.9 Maguindanao 6,241 8,048 9,530 47.7 37.6 57.8 Sulu 6,860 8,837 9,996 42.9 37.9 30.3 Tawi-Tawi 5,691 7,289 8,244 50.6 48.3 20.8 ARMM 6,319 8,257 10,027 43 42 46.9 Philippines 6,703 8,448 9,385 23.4 22.9 22.3

Poverty Threshold among Families(PhP) (%)

Source of Basic Data: NSCB

Province

Table____ Updated: 23 April 2013 First Semester Per Capita Poverty Threshold and Poverty Incidence among Families, by Region and Province: 2006, 2009 and 2012

Per Capita Poverty Incidence


percent, followed by Maguindanao with 57.8 percent and Basilan with 32.5 percent.

b. Key Challenges and constraints Sulu’s poverty incidence of 30.3 percent during the first semester of 2012 is still a major concern that the province has to address. The key challenge therefore is to reduce the 2012 level by at least 15 percent by the end of the Plan Period (2022). To realize this, there is also a need to address other concerns that may impede its realization; these include the inadequacy of transport system, basic social services, lack of employment and livelihood opportunities; and the peace and order conditions in some areas. .

c. Key strategies/policy options

1) Provision of easy access to basic social services through the construction of:

a. School buildings in areas where the classroom-pupil ratio is significantly high;

b. Health centers and/or rural health units in areas where there are none;

c. Day care centers in strategic areas of the province, more particularly in barangays where these centers are not yet available;

2) Construction/improvement of access roads to the foregoing facilities;

3) Increase police visibility in all areas; and 4) Improvement of the power and water utility sector to

warrant a 24-hour service delivery. Power and water are the most important ingredients to sustain the operations of economic enterprises. Hence, if these facilities are in place in the capital town of Jolo and its adjacent municipalities of Indanan and Patikul more business enterprises are expected to come in and thus, more employment opportunities are generated.

109


3.8 Land use and Physical Framework

3.8.1Existing land use, trends and potential expansion

3.8.1.1 Existing land use Land use refers to the manner by which land is being utilized

including its allocation, development and management. In the province of Sulu, four major land use categories have been identified as follow: a) Built-up areas or Settlements, b) Protection areas, c) Production areas and c) other areas that are distinct from the above categories, e.g., major utility facilities, infrastructure and military reservations. Table __ below shows that over 80 percent of the total land area of the province is used as production areas, 16.5 percent as protection areas; other areas 2.45 percent while the remaining 0.95 percent is devoted for settlements or built-up areas (Figure 19).

Figure 19: Land-Use map

110

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

690000 690000


Legend:

N

EW

S8 0 8 Kilometers

Sulu Land Use MapOthersProductionProtectionSettlements


BIA"08Source: JICA


Source: PPDO_GIS_Map

However, it should be noted that the 80 percent production area already exceeded the standard ratio of 60:40, i.e. , 60 percent for production (including built-up areas) and 40 percent forest. This indicates that 20 percent of the production area is within the forest lands which may have happened due to non-classification of roughly 70 percent of the forest lands and therefore local farmers can clear forest lands for the cultivation of crops anywhere they please since there is no delineation between A & D lands and forest lands. Chances are, some of the cultivated areas are within the more t han 18 percent slope, triggering soil erosion and ultimately creeks and rivers downstream are heavily silted, thus, reducing the volume of surface water during dry season and overflow of creeks and rivers during rainy season causing flush floods in low lying areas of downstream communities causing damages to lives and properties.

a.SettlementsJolo, the capital town of the province will continue to be the

center of population and economic but with very limited land resources for urban expansion. In 2010 its population growth rate was the highest among the 19 municipalities of Sulu. Eventually, the increase in population will require additional areas for settlements. It should noted that as of the same year, Jolo is only second to Metro Manila in terms of population density at roughly 7,000 persons per sq km, an indication that it is already heavily populated and that with the limited

111


area for urban expansion the tendency for the expansion is towards the adjacent municipalities of Indanan and Patikul as it is currently being experienced.

This indicates that Jolo is now moving towards metropolitanization as evidenced by the presence of some basic urban services and/or functions in these municipalities, particularly in Patikul. To a large extent, the extension of urban services and/or functions towards these municipalities will create pressure on its agricultural lands as some of these areas will be converted into non-agricultural use to give way for the development of new built-up areas or settlements. . Other municipalities having low population growth rates will not have so much pressure on its land resources except the municipalities of Luuk and Siasi as both municipalities shall also continue to serve as service and commercial centers for the Congressional District II of Sulu and to the Siasi Group of Island municipalities, respectively.

Area Percent distribution(in hectares) (%)

Built-up areas or settlements 1,587.00 0.95Protection areas 27,574.00 16.5Production areas (non-built-up areas)Other areas 4,1 37.5 2.45TOTAL 167,377.00 100

134,078.50 80.1

Source of Data: PDPFP, Sulu, 2007

Table___ Distribution of Existing Land Use Land use category

b.Protection Land Use Protection land use involves a concept of protection that embraces not only those that have to be protected from human occupation because of the destructive effect such occupation will have

112

Table 3.55 Distribution of existing Land Use


on the resource, but also due to the hazards posed by the area on human occupants. Hence, the dual objectives of maintaining protection lands (as contrasted to production lands) is to protect sensitive and critical ecosystems from human intrusion so as to preserve their integrity and allow degraded areas to regenerate as well as to protect the human population from environmental hazards.

As of 2007, 16.5 percent (27,547 ha) of the total land area of the province is categorized as protection area or is being used for protection purposes. This is roughly 30 percent less compared to the 93,027 ha identified/earmarked as protection lands. Of these: 183 ha is under the NIPAS category; 28,529 ha under the Non-NIPAs; and 64,360 ha Under the Environmentally constrained area category. This shows that a large portion of the agricultural and non-built-up production areas as well as some settlements are within the protection lands and therefore were categorized under the production land use and settlements. Human occupants or economic activities under these areas are at great risk from any environmental hazards that may occur.

c.Production Land UseProduction land use is the way an area is being put to use, such

as, to grow rice or to build houses on; this is the impact of people upon land. In the past when the population was lower, farmers were able to choose the best lands for their crops, but today, the population pressure on land is much higher and many areas are being used far too extensively and without the proper technology will result to low agricultural productivity as it is currently being experienced by the province except for some crops like coffee and abaca with higher productivity compared to some provinces of the country producing the same crops.

As shown in the Land Use Distribution table above, production land use constitute roughly 80 percent of the total land area of the province in absolute terms, about 134,079 ha (excluding settlements) cultivated to various agricultural crops. However, it should be noted that a large portion of these cultivated areas are within the protection lands. To a certain extent this may contribute to environmental degradation which may lead to low agricultural productivity. And therefore, if this situation will not be addressed within the plan period, agricultural productivity will worsen further which may impede the attainment of the objective of reducing poverty incidence by the end of the plan period.

d.Other areas Other areas refer to large areas that are distinct from the above categories, such as major utility facilities, infrastructures, and military

113


reservations. In Sulu, this land use category though its land area is not quantified includes the following: the Airport in Jolo; Ports in Jolo, Maimbung and Siasi, the road network in Mainland Sulu and the military camps in Jolo and Patikul.

3.8.2Physical Framework The Physical Framework guides the future physical development and the identification of programs, projects and activities (PPAs) in the province. It is composed of four (4) proposed general land use plans (settlements, production, protection, and infrastructure) that relate vertically to similar plans at the regional and city/municipal levels, i.e., Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) and Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the region and city/municipality, respectively. The Physical Framework is the product of integrating and reconciling the results of the analysis of the planning environment. By definition, it sets the physical parameters by which future growth and development and the identification PPAs can take place.

3.8.2.1 Land DemandDemand refers to the land required for the expansion of built-up

areas resulting from population increase. By 2022 (end of the Plan Period), the province of Sulu is estimated to have an additional population of 149,189 and that, using the adjusted Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) land allocation norm of six (6) hectares per 1,000 population roughly, 895.13 hectares of land is required for the expansion of built-up areas in 2022 (Table 3.56). The municipality that requires the largest area is Jolo at 302.2 ha, followed by Indanan and Patikul at 112.5 ha and 68.8 ha, respectively. Hadji Panglima Tahil, an island municipality with the lowest population growth rate, requires the least at only 4.3 ha. The case of Jolo however, being the smallest municipality in the province in terms of land area may not have a 100 percent capacity to provide the land requirements for its built-up areas by the end of the Plan Period and therefore, by force of necessity some of its population and the corresponding infra-support facilities and utilities including the basic amenities in life will have to move to the adjacent municipalities of Indanan and Patikul.

Note: The computation of land area requirement is based on FAO’s standard of 6 hectares per

1,000 populations. NSO data

114


Table 3.56 land area requirement

Source: PPDO SEP

3.8.2.2 Land Supply Land Supply refers to the amount of land available for use in

creating the built environment for the estimated additional population which is computed by subtracting the sum of land area of the protected areas and existing built-up areas from the total land area of the province. Protected Areas are areas reserved by national law or local policy to be kept under permanent protection and free from human intrusion. In the province of Sulu three (3) major categories of protected areas were considered. These are; the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) category, Non-NIPAS and the Environmentally-Constrained Areas with an aggregate land area of 93,112 hectares.

Likewise, the existing built-up areas in the province are estimated at 1,587 hectares and are assumed to be completely built-up and no vacant lands left. Given these information, it is estimated that Sulu still has a total land area of 72,677 hectares (Table 3.51)

115

1990 2000 1990-00Pop Pop APGR 2013 2030 2013 2030 2013 2030

1.Haji Panglima Tahil 4,153 5,314 2.08 6,945 9,855 1,631 4,541 9.786 27.24641,969 53,425 2.44 73,088 110,111 19,663 56,686 117.978 340.1253,055 87,998 5.19 169,879 401,519 81,881 313,521 491.286 1881.115,824 22,688 3.67 36,248 66,894 13,560 44,206 81.36 265.2414,907 18,839 2.37 25,545 38,040 6,706 19,201 40.236 115.2129,378 38,819 2.83 55,796 89,668 16,977 50,849 101.862 305.0917,251 24,982 3.77 40,417 75,820 15,435 50,838 92.61 305.0327,189 35,906 2.82 51,544 82,698 15,638 46,792 93.828 280.7517,159 19,964 1.53 24,321 31,483 4,357 11,519 26.142 69.11415,683 21,443 3.18 32,213 54,847 10,770 33,404 64.62 200.4217,122 26,211 4.35 45,592 94,028 19,381 67,817 116.286 406.943,273 54,994 2.43 75,140 113,014 20,146 58,020 120.876 348.129,244 11,791 2.46 16,172 24,445 4,381 12,654 26.286 75.924

30,455 34,396 1.22 40,269 49,488 5,873 15,092 35.238 90.55246,468 59,069 2.43 80,707 121,388 21,638 62,319 129.828 373.9166,261 73,015 0.98 82,884 97,830 9,869 24,815 59.214 148.8910,111 14,881 3.94 24,593 47,437 9,712 32,556 58.272 195.3410,469 15,933 4.29 27,508 56,179 11,575 40,246 69.45 241.48

Municipality

2. Indanan 3. Jolo 4. Kalingalan Caluang 5. Lugus

Land RequiredProjected Pop Additional Pop

10. Panglima Estino11. Pangutaran12. Parang13. Pata

6. Luuk 7. Maimbung 8. Panamao 9. Pandami

Total 469,971 619,668 2.80

18. Banguingui (Tongkil)

14. Patikul15. Siasi16.Talipao17. Tapul

1735.16 5670.5908,861 1,564,744 289,193 945,076


available for urban expansion indicating that the province has more than enough land to meet the requirements for the expansion of urban areas in 2022 and 2046, which is projected at approximately 895.13 and 3, 527.19 hectares, respectively.

1. Total land area of the province 167,376 2. Less: Protected areas 93,112 NIPAS 223 NIPAS candidates - Non-NIPAS 28,529 Slope greater than 50 percent 771 Other Non-NIPAS categories 27,758 Environmentally constrained areas 64,360 Areas prone to natural hazards Highly restricted agricultural areas

74,264 3. Less: Existing built-up areas 1,587

Source of Data: PPDO, Sulu

Table ___ Estimated Land Supply: Sulu, 2015Particulars Area

(in Hectares)

4. Available lands for Urban Expansion 72,677

3.8.2.3 The Physical Framework Plan

Physical Framework Plan refers to an indicative plan promoting the most appropriate and rational use of land and other physical resources. It provides policy guidelines for all decisions relating to land use and environmental management, to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects of inappropriate resource utilization on the people’s welfare and their environment. It embodies both policies and strategies necessary to achieve the goals and objectives embodied in the plan. The Physical Framework Plan (PFP) is described in terms of its four (4) major land using components, namely: Settlements Framework; Production Framework; Protection Framework; and Infrastructure Framework.

a. Settlements Framework The primary concern of the province relative to settlements

development is to effect a rational distribution of population to ensure easy access by all, to economic opportunities, social services and to

116

Table 3.57 Estimated land Supply: Sulu, 2015


foster an environment, i.e., conducive to living and doing business, and to ensure that all new settlements or built-up areas are free from all forms of hazards.

a.1 Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements Guided by the province’s vision, settlements trend, potentials and constraints, the province decided to consider the municipalities of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul as a Metropolis area while Parang, Siasi, Talipao and Luuk as secondary growth centers or medium towns. All others municipalities shall be considered as small towns or satellite areas that will serve as provider of raw materials for industries in the metropolis area and markets of both the metropolis area and medium towns or secondary growth centers of the province. This strategy is envisioned to pave the way for the revival of the Metro Jolo Development Concept and to effect the dispersion of development activities from the densely populated Jolo to the low density municipalities of Indanan and Patikul including other municipalities in the mainland like Maimbung and Parang. To a certain extent, this strategy may also stimulate local investments and encourage the inflow of external investments to curb unemployment and increase household income. Presently, there are preliminary discussion with the officials of the three municipalities of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul concerning the development of these municipalities into a metropolis area, which may be named as Metro Jolo. As stated in the Local Government Code, local government units may group themselves, consolidate or coordinate their efforts, services and resources for purposes commonly beneficial to all.

The Metro Jolo As earlier mentioned Metro Jolo shall be composed of the municipalities of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul. Jolo being the capital town and commercial center of the province shall continue to provide banking and financial intermediaries, tertiary level education and health services, communication, sports and manpower development and external linkages to other provinces and cities.

The municipality of Indanan shall serve as the Processing Center of the province. As such, it calls for the establishment of industrial complex such as a Fishing Port Complex and agri-industrial center to cater to the establishment of upstream industries like seaweeds processing, fish processing and fruit preservation among others.

117


Patikul shall be promoted as an eco-tourism destination. Its pristine beaches shall be developed by establishing world class resorts while preserving its moral, cultural and aesthetic values. It shall also continue to serve as the government and educational center where the Provincial Capitol and sports complex are located including other government offices and state universities. However, this does not preclude the establishment of industries and other labor – intensive activities in the area, which may address the unemployment and underemployment problems.

The Medium Towns or Secondary Growth Centers The municipality of Luuk shall continue to serve as the service center for the District II of Sulu. Some government offices are found in Luuk providing administrative and health services to the nearby municipalities of Kalingalan Caluang, Panamao, Panglima Estino and Pata. The municipality of Siasi shall remain as medium town and shall continue to serve as service center for the Siasi group of island municipalities such as Pandami, Tapul and Lugus. It will also serve as a jump-off point for trading activities between Jolo and Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.

The Small Towns or Satellite Areas All other municipalities not listed above will remain as small towns and shall serve as provider of raw materials for industries located in the metropolis area (Primary Growth Center) and in the secondary growth centers aside from providing the basic socio-economic services to its residents.

a.2 Policy options/strategies1) Strengthen inter-settlement information, communication and

transportation linkages to improve the movement of people, goods and services;

2)New settlements or expansion of existing ones shall be directed towards areas that have marginal suitability to food crops and to hazard free zones;

3)Existing settlements that are found in hazard prone and/or protected areas or threaten by environmental degradation should be restrained from further growth, unless proper preventive and mitigating measures are put in place; and

4) Conduct of IEC on hazard risks reduction and climate change adaptation.

118


b. Protection Framework Protection area – refers to a portion of land and water set aside

for reason of their unique physical and biological diversity and protected against human exploitation. Areas under this category include the following: 1) areas declared as belonging to the NIPAS; 2) areas outside NIPAS requiring equal amount of protection; and 3) environmentally constrained areas.

Figure 20: Land Classification, Source: PDDO_GIS

b.1 Situationer Sulu has identified and set aside a total of 93,112 ha to be

protected against human exploitation. Two hundred twenty three (223) ha as belonging to the NIPAS category, more specifically Mt. Bud Daho National Park, the only area that was proclaimed under the said category though there are a number of potential areas that could be classified under the same category; 28,529 ha as belonging to the non-NIPAS category, comprising of: slope greater 50 percent (771 ha); lakes, swamps and marshes (1,277 ha); and mangrove forest (26,481 ha) and 60,360 ha as belonging to the Environmentally constrained areas category. It should be noted however, that some portions of these areas are already inhabited by human population if not exploited, e.g.,

119

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000


N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Land Classification MapAgriculturalBuilt-up areaForestMangroveOpen grasslandOpen spaceSwampWaterbody


BIA"08Source: JICA


the mangrove forest and areas that should be protected from human occupation due to environmental hazards posed on the occupants.

b.2 Policy options/strategies1) Conduct of hazard identification and frequency and risk analysis

for each of the identified hazard;2) Increase the level of awareness of the community to the threats

and impacts of all hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities;3) No repair or rehabilitation of existing structures within identified

hazard areas be allowed unless preventive or mitigating measures are put in place, otherwise these should be relocated to hazard free zones;

4) Rehabilitation of severe eroded areas and degraded mangrove forest through tree planting; and

5) Delineation of protection buffers of identified protection areas. Map: Existing Settlement Map, Source: PPDO_GIS

Figure 21: Existing settlement map

12030 0 30 Kilometers

N

EW

S

Existing Settlement Map200000

200000

250000

250000

300000

300000

350000

350000

650000 650000

700000 700000

JoloPatikul

IndananLuuk

Siasi

Growth Center

Growth Center

Jump-Off Point


c. Production Framework

c.1 Brief Situationer Roughly eighty (80) percent of the total land area (167,376 ha) of the province is utilized for production purposes which indicates that a large portion of the agricultural and non-built up production areas are within the Protection lands, e.g., upland forest, mangrove forest, flood prone areas, etc. Farming activities in upland forest will trigger soil erosion causing low farm productivity of area planted. Soil erosion will also cause the siltation of rivers, creeks and mangroves which may adversely affect mangrove forest, the breeding ground of marine species, overflow of river banks causing floods of low lying areas resulting to crop damages and other properties. Another contributory factors to low agricultural productivity and production are: the lack and/or bad conditions of farm-to-market roads; inadequate pre – and- post harvest facilities; underutilization of the agricultural areas; and the traditional farming methods employed by most of the local farmers as evidenced by the practice of mono-cropping instead of employing the multi-cropping system among others.

c.2 Policy options/strategies To address the issue of low agricultural productivity and

production, the following are hereby recommended to wit…1) Revisit the Strategic Agricultural and Fisheries Development Zones

(SAFDZs) of the province, revise if necessary and strictly adhere to its implementation after the revision;

2) Establish pre-and-post harvest facilities in strategic areas of the province for each of the major farm and fishery products;

3) Maximize the utilization of agricultural lands through the introduction of modern farming technology;

121


4) Lobby with the government financial institutions to open a new lending window that will provide farmers easy access to secure loans at reasonable interest rate for agricultural projects;

5) Construction/rehabilitation and/or improvement of farm-to-market roads (FMRs); and

6) Conduct of Training/Seminar for local farmers and fishermen on Climate Change Adaptation.

d. Transport/Infrastructure Frameworkd.1 Situationer The economic development of an area greatly depends on the

availability of infrastructure and the extent to which it has been developed. Basically it is the infrastructure sector that catalyzes the growth and development of the other sectors in the economy. However, it is sad to note that the province of Sulu is one of the provinces of the country that lags behind in terms of transport development. At present, local farmers are having difficulty in bringing their products to the market centers due to lack and poor conditions of farm-to-market roads (FMRs) recorded at only 0.6km/sq km of land. Hence, very few public utility vehicles are available in the entire province. The local wharves and/or mooring spaces as infra support facilities for internal circulation also need improvement including the ports and airport for external linkages. The ultimate goal therefore of the infrastructure sector is to ensure easier and faster mobility of people, goods and services to and from the production and market centers.

d.2 Policy options/strategies1) Construction/rehabilitation/upgrading of farm-to-market roads

(FMRs);2) Construction/improvement of municipal wharves/mooring spaces

and fish landing in strategic areas of the province;3) Expansion/Improvement/upgrading of ports and airport; 4) Construction/repair/rehabilitation of school buildings, hospitals,

health and day care centers;5) Enjoin local utility entities concern to improve their water and

power services; 6) Encourage local businessmen to invest in public utility transport;

and7) Encourage local shipping lines owners to use the RORO Port in

Maimbung as an alternate port for Sulu’s external linkage.

e.Overall Physical Framework

122


The Overall Physical Framework is the result of the integration of the four major land using components of the plan, namely: the Settlements, Protection, Production and Transport/Infrastructure frameworks. Generally, the province of Sulu envisioned to integrate the municipalities of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul into a Metropolitan Center, while the municipalities of Luuk and Siasi shall serve as the Secondary Growth Centers of the province. Given these scenario all other municipalities not mentioned shall continue to remain as medium and/or satellite towns providing the food and raw material requirements of the residents and industries located in the growth centers. As provider of food and raw materials of industries, these municipalities will also be provided with easier access to these growth centers through better and improved transportation network both land and water.

Figure 22: Existing Land Use/Settlement

123

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

690000 690000


Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Existing Production MapOthersProductionProtectionSettlements


BIA"08Source: JICA


Figure 23: Proposed Hierarchy of Centers

Figure 24: Existing Settlement Map

124

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000


N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers


BIA"08

Source: JICA, PPDO-SEPMAP OF SULU

Patikul

Jolo

Indanan

Luuk

Siasi

MetropolitanGrowth Center

SecondaryGrowth Center



Map ___ Proposed Settlement Map

125


Figure 26: Infrastructure Map

126

úú

ú

ú

ú

ú

ú

úú ú

úú

ú

ú

úú

ú

ú

ú

Ë

Ë

Ë

Ë

ËË

Ë

ËË Ë

LUUKTALIPAO

PATIKUL

INDANAN

PARANG

PATA

TAPUL

PANAMAO

MAIMBUNG

KALINGALAN_CALUANG

PANGLIMA_ESTINO

JOLO

Ë

íí

í

íË

Ë

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Municipal BoundariesProvl/Mun/Barangay RoadsNational Roads

ú Bridges


BIA"08Source: JICA

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000ú

ÿí Ë

eË

Ë

Ë

280000

280000

670000 670000Jolo Capital

ÿËíe Airport

PortCell SitesPower

ú


Figure 27: Existing Protection Map

Figure 28: Hazard Map

127

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000


Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers


National Road


BIA"08Source: JICA

LUUKTALIPAO

PATIKUL

INDANAN

Parang

PATA

TAPUL

PANAMAO

MAIMBUNG

KALINGALAN_CALUANGPANGLIMA_ESTINO

JOLO

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers


BIA"08

Source: JICA, PPDO-SEPHAZARD MAP

JOLO

$

$ Bud Daho Volcano

Flood Prone Area


Figure 29: Existing Production Map

3.8.3.1 Transport/Infrastructure Framework

This framework provides the linkages between and among the settlements, protection and production frameworks as well as to other areas outside the province. Hence, its goal is to facilitate intra and inter-regional linkages through the improvement and/or development communication and transportation linkages within and outside the province of Sulu.

Basic Policy Options/Guidelines

1. Priority should be given to the concreting of unpaved roads and the Jolo Circumferential road which links agricultural areas and improve the mobility of people and products over social and production related facilities.

2. Improvement and rehabilitation of the Jolo Airport to accommodate bigger aircrafts.

128

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

690000 690000


Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers

Existing Production MapOthersProductionProtectionSettlements


BIA"08Source: JICA


3. The existing Jolo port must be expanded/improved and established Roll-on/ Roll-out (Roro) facilities to solve congestion.

4. Installation of electric transmission lines in mainland municipalities and establishment of solar power supply in island municipalities.

5. New sources of water supply facilities should be developed to provide potable water in other municipalities and rehabilitate the existing Jolo Mainland Water District.

6. The existing provincial and district hospitals should be improved & upgraded as well as the health facilities and equipment.

7. Construction and repair of school buildings.8. Adopt a Tourism Development Program with emphasis on developing

beaches as well as historical sites and landmarks.9. Formulate a Solid Waste Management Plan and Comprehensive

Drainage System Plan supported by local policies or ordinances especially in Metro JIP.

3.8.3.2 Over all Physical Framework Figure 30: Over all Framework Map

3.8.4

129

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000


Legend:

N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers


Over All Framework PlanNational Road


BIA"08Source: JICA


3.8.3.3 Settlements Framework

3.8.3.3.1 The Plan Component

A. Settlements FrameworkThe primary concern of the province relative to settlements development is to effect a rational distribution of population to ensure easy access by all, to economic opportunities, social services and to foster an environment, i.e., conducive to living and doing business.

A.1 Proposed Hierarchy of SettlementsGuided by the province’s vision, settlements trend, potentials and constraints, the province decided to adopt the Tri-Polar Development Strategy over the next six years and beyond with Jolo, Patikul and Indanan as the Metropolitan growth center while Siasi and Luuk as secondary growth centers or medium towns. All others municipalities

130


shall be considered as small towns or satellite areas that will serve as provider of raw materials for industries in the metropolitan center and markets of both the metropolitan and secondary growth centers of the province.

This approach is envisioned to pave the way for the revival of the Metro Jolo Development Concept and to effect the dispersion of development activities from the densely populated Jolo to the low density municipalities of Indanan and Patikul including other municipalities in the mainland like Maimbung and Parang. To a certain extent, this strategy may also stimulate local investments and encourage the inflow of external investments to curb unemployment and increase household income. Presently, there are preliminary discussion with the officials of the three municipalities of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul concerning the development of these municipalities into a metropolitan center, which may be named as Metro JIP. As stated in the Local Government Code, local government units may group themselves, consolidate or coordinate their efforts, services and resources for purposes commonly beneficial to them.

The Metro JIP

As earlier mentioned, Metro JIP is composed of the municipalities of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul. Jolo being the capital town and commercial center shall continue to provide banking and financial intermediaries, tertiary level education and health services, communication, sports and manpower development and external linkages to other provinces and cities.

The municipality of Indanan on the other hand shall serve as the Processing Center of the province. This involves the establishment of industrial complex such as a Fishing Port Complex and agri-industrial center to cater to the establishment of upstream industries like seaweeds processing, fish processing and fruit preservation among others.

131


Likewise, the municipality of Patikul shall be promoted as an eco-tourism destination. Its pristine beaches shall be developed by establishing world class resorts while preserving its moral and cultural and aesthetic values.

It shall also continue to serve as the government and educational center where the Provincial Capitol and sports complex are located including other government offices and state universities. However, this does not preclude the establishment of industries and other labor – intensive activities in the area, which may address the unemployment and underemployment problems.

The Secondary Growth Centers or Medium TownsThe municipality of Luuk will serve as the center for the District II of Sulu. Some government offices are found in Luuk providing administrative and health services in nearby municipalities such as Kalingalan Caluang, Panamao, Panglima Estino and Pata. The municipality of Siasi will be promoted as a secondary growth center so that it can cater to its neighboring island municipalities such as Pandami, Tapul and Lugus. It will also serve as a jump-off point for trading services between Jolo and Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.

Small Towns or Satellite AreasAll other municipalities not listed above will serve as provider of raw materials for industries located in the metropolitan (primary) and secondary growth centers aside from providing the basic socio-economic services to its residents.

A. Policy Options/Guidelines The increase in population will aggravate the present problem on

the limited access to basic social services. Therefore, an Integrated Social Development Program should be formulated to focus on the intensification of access to basic social services including the institutionalization of community based social services.

Population growth towards prime agricultural lands should be contained, while in protected areas especially in mangrove areas will be discouraged.

132


To support socio-economic activities in agri-industrial centers, a Support Infrastructure Facilities Development Program should be formulated to ease the flow of people and information, transport and distribution of goods and services and the delivery of basic social services.

Upgrading/expansion of the Jolo Airport and Seaport. Concreting of the Jolo Island Circumferential Road and other

arterial roads in mainland Jolo that will facilitate the easy flow of goods and services to Metro Jolo.

Upgrade and develop water system and provision of low-cost Housing.

Figure 31: Proposed Hierarchies of Centers

133

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

320000

320000

330000

330000630000 630000

640000 640000

650000 650000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000

240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

610000 610000

620000 620000

630000 630000


140000

140000

160000

160000

180000

180000

200000

200000

220000

220000

240000

240000

620000 620000

640000 640000

660000 660000

680000 680000



240000

240000

250000

250000

260000

260000

270000

270000

280000

280000

290000

290000

300000

300000

310000

310000

680000 680000

690000 690000

700000 700000

710000 710000

340000

340000

350000

350000

660000 660000

670000 670000

680000 680000


N

EW

S

8 0 8 Kilometers


BIA"08

Source: JICA, PPDO-SEPMAP OF SULU

Patikul

Jolo

Indanan

Luuk

Siasi

MetropolitanGrowth Center




3.8.3.4 Protection Framework

A major concern of this framework is the achievement of environmental stability and ecological integrity as well as the protection of people and economic infrastructures from the ill-effects of natural hazards. To realize these, the province must exert all possible efforts to strike a balance between resource use and the preservation of some areas with ecological, environmental, aesthetic, educational, cultural and historical significance.


A major concern is the conservation and enrichment of protection lands. In the province of Sulu, this refers to areas declared as

134


belonging to the National Integrated Protected Areas (NIPAS) and areas outside the NIPAS. The issues concerning these areas are:

1. Farming as well as other economic activities in protected areas may caused degradation of the environment.

2. Decline in forest cover due to clearing for agriculture activities as well as cutting of trees used as fuel for cooking will pose danger to the old forest growth

3. Depletion of mangrove.

The following policies should be adapted to wit:

i. Adoption of a community reforestation to attract participation and support of the communities in the affected areas.

ii. Adoption of a program on massive reforestation of coastal areas that would entail the rehabilitation of mangroves, shorelines, and coral reefs in coastal areas.

3.8.3.4.1 DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

The Philippines is subject to various types of hazards due to its geographical location and physical environment being in the “Pacific Ring of Fire”. This ring is a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that encircles the basin of the Pacific Ocean. Thus, the Philippines is prone to landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes and tsunamis.

The province of Sulu is fortunate since it lies outside the typhoon and earthquake belt. However, Bud Dahu which is located in the Municipality of Patikul is a volcano that has two small eruptions in 1641 and 1897. It is considered a protected area being a national park under Proclamation no. 261 dated March 1972. There were no data or

135


information that tells us if there were damages in terms of lives and properties brought about by these eruptions.

Many of the people are not aware that Bud Dahu is a volcano that could still erupt like Mt. Pinatubo which has been dormant. Bud Dahu is historically known that in March 1906 thousand of civilians were massacred under Major General Leonard Wood, the first American military governor in Sulu.

Another major hazard threats is the flooding in the capital town of Jolo due to poor drainage system. On February 3, 2011, a major flash flood occurred in the Capital Town of Jolo and part of the Municipality of Patikul which is just adjacent to Jolo. There were seven (7) deaths reported and 62 persons injured. There were 292 houses totally damaged and 901 houses were partially damaged. Total cost of these damages was estimated at 29.2 million pesos. There were minor damages to the school fence estimated at 1.5 million pesos.

Presently, there is no clear policy on disaster preparedness, planning, management and implementation. The consideration of natural hazards as constraints in development seems to be weak and inadequate even at the national level. In most instances, local government appears to be reactive and not proactive in dealing with hazards. Most of the disasters that are happening in the province are mostly man-made.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. Strengthened Local Disaster Coordinating Councils both at the provincial and municipal levels; and

2. Integrate Disaster Management Plan into the Comprehensive Land Use Plans of municipalities.


136


On Volcanic Hazards

1. The Philippine Volcanology and Seismology (PHILVOLCS) should conduct a thorough study and to delineate the permanent danger zones as non-habitat2. Conduct community based information education to raise awareness3. Enact ordinance prohibiting construction of structures in identified danger zones.

On Flooding

1. Formulate a master plan on flood control system.2. Total rehabilitation of drainage system in the capital town of Jolo3. Enact ordinance prohibiting construction of structures along the

water ways4. Intensify Information and Education Campaign5. Formulate a sustainable environmental management practices that

rehabilitates watersheds, conservation of mangroves, illegal cutting of trees especially in adjacent municipalities like Patikul and Indanan.

6. Organize the Metro Jolo Development Council that composes the three municipalities of Jolo, Indanan and Patikul.

4. DEVELOPMENT ISSUES/PROBLEMS, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

4.1 Development Issues/Problems The province of Sulu is faced with various inter-related issues/problems that

may affect the realization of its desired goals and objectives and ultimately its long-term vision. The following are the development issues and/or problems currently besetting the development of the province.

1) Poor access to economic opportunities and basic social service Majority of the people in the province especially those living in the rural areas (small/satellite towns) have poor access to economic opportunities and basic social services. Partly, this could be attributed to the geographic and

137


archipelagic characteristics of the province and the relatively poor transport network between these towns and the administrative and commercial centers of the province.

2) Low agricultural and industrial production While Sulu is an agriculturally rich province both in crops and fishery

products, production volume is way below than what it can potentially produce. Largely, this could be attributed to the following: Inadequate and poor conditions of farm-to-market roads (FMRs); irregular public transport services; lack of knowledge on modern farm and fishery technologies; lack of pre-and-post harvest facilities; high cost of farm inputs; poor access to financial windows; and encroachment of commercial fishing vessels into the municipal water placing the municipal fishermen at a disadvantage position as evidenced by the declining fish catch over the years.. Meanwhile, the low production volume in industry is mainly attributed to the size of the industry and the lack of modern technical knowledge in the manufacturing and processing products. It should be noted that majority of the players in the industry sector are family based and/or micro enterprises and therefore, have less access to time-saving technologies, such as modern tools and equipment for manufacturing and processing products. This situation has led to low - industrial productivity per unit time.

3) Low family income

As of 2009, each family in Sulu earned an average income of PhP 5,327.00 per month which may be just enough for a family of five (5) to meet the basic food requirements each month. It should be noted that this amount is below the poverty line and is largely attributed to the following: low agricultural and industrial production; limited employment opportunities; unstable and order conditions; low literacy rates; and the low level of investments both by the government and private sector.

4) Low literacy rate

Sulu’s literacy rate in SY 2012-2013(76.60 percent) was the lowest compared to other provinces in the country and lower by about 6 and 21 percentage points compared to the region and the nation, respectively. Within the province, the municipality of Jolo had the highest at 95.5 percent and the lowest was the municipality of Siasi with only 65.3 percent. Twelve (12) out of the province’s 19 municipalities have literacy rate lower than province. To a large extent this could be attributed to: 1) geographic characteristics of the province; 2) poor access to educational facilities due to inadequate roads and transportations; 3) insufficient income (poverty); 4) lack of textbooks, classrooms

138


teachers and visual aids; and 5) unstable peace and order conditions in some areas of the province.

5) High poverty incidence The poverty incidence of Sulu has decreased to 30.3 percent during the

first semester of 2012 from 37.9 percent during the same period of 2009. However, the 30.3 percent is still considered high compared to the province of Tawi-Tawi and the nation at 20.8 and 22.3 percent, respectively. This decrease could further be reduced by addressing the following issues and/or problems, e.g., low agricultural and industrial production; lack and poor conditions of farm – to – market roads; irregular public utility transport services; lack of employment opportunities; lack of pre – and – post harvest facilities for crops and fishery products; lack of financial windows for agricultural projects, low level of investments both by the government and private sectors; and unstable peace and conditions.

6) Unstable peace and order conditions Another major issues or concern in the province is the unstable peace and order conditions. Armed groups like the Abu Sayyaf and lawless elements continue to clash sporadically with government forces. This situation has also resulted to the lack of investments in the province. This has also caused displacement of families resulting to unnecessary movement of population from one area to another or from one municipality to another. In many ways, the unstable peace and order conditions in the area created a bad perception of the province as war-torn area, which dampens the initiatives for economic endeavors and social amelioration programs.

7) High incidence of morbidity and mortality The incidence of morbidity and mortality is high, especially among

children with reported number of cases of 18,984 individuals afflicted with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and 345 death caused by pneumonia. Largely, this could be attributed to the following: a) Poor access to basic health services and facilities due to the archipelagic characteristics of the province comprising of islands and islets; b) lack and poor conditions of roads that lead to health services and facilities; c) lack and/or absence of public utility transport services; d) low family income; and the poor health seeking behavior of a great number of families especially those living in the rural areas.

8) Lack of infra-support facilities and utilities

The infra-support facilities and utilities needed to spur economic growth and development of the province are inadequate. The ports and airports of Jolo need rehabilitation and upgrading to accommodate larger vessels and jet – propel airplanes coming from Manila via Zamboanga City. The power supply system also need expansion to provide adequate and reliable power supply to at least all the municipalities in the Sulu mainland and that of Siasi. Likewise, the existing waterworks system in Jolo which at present cannot deliver a 24-hour

139


service to its consumers need to be rehabilitated and expanded to serve the residents of the municipalities of Jolo, Patikul and Indanan, the proposed metropolitan center of the province.

9) Degradation of environment

The continuous influx of population from the neighboring municipalities to the central town of Jolo and partly to the adjacent municipalities of Indanan and Patikul due to unstable peace and order conditions around the neighboring municipalities and the economic opportunities available in the latter municipalities had brought a number of social – related problems to these municipalities. One of these is the disposal of solid and liquid wastes which are expected to increase as population increases. Unfortunately, most, if not all, solid waste generated by its general community end up disposing along streets, canals, vacant lots, creeks, shores or brought to the temporary open dumpsites in Patikul and Indanan. These current practices are now causing a serious threat to the quality of the environment of the three (3) adjoining municipalities most particularly the town of Jolo which at present is already over-populated with a population density of more than 7,000 persons per sq km of land.

10) Exposure to geologic and meteorological hazards Although Sulu is outside the typhoon belt some of its municipalities are still prone to natural hazards. Jolo, Patikul, Panamao, Parang and Maimbung are prone to frequent flooding. Records show, that these municipalities had experienced flooding in the past years but the hardest hit was Jolo where some 24,247 persons or 4,416 families were affected, seven (7) dead and 63 injured. Further, past experiences also revealed that even on a short period of heavy rainfall most of the areas of Jolo’s town center were affected by flash floods which greatly disturbed the economic activities of the town aside from the damages to lives and properties of affected families in the area. Aside from the frequent flooding in the foregoing municipalities, significant portions of the province are also prone to rain-induced landslide. The low lying areas of the coastal and island municipalities are possible areas that could be affected by storm surges and/or tsunami, the aftermath of an earthquake or volcanic eruption. The municipality of Tongkil for example has already been hit by tsunami, the aftermath of the Moro Gulf Earthquake of August 17, 1976. Jolo was also hit by tsunami during the Sulu Sea Earthquake of September 21, 1897 and is expected to recur anytime since it’s already more than 200 years since it last occurred. Another possible hazard event that may occur is the eruption of Bud Dahu, one of the 22 active volcanoes in the country. Finally, about seven (7) of Jolo are considered fire hazards due to congestion and most of the houses are of light materials.

140


4.2 Development Goals/Objectives

The overriding objective of the province of Sulu is to effect a rational distribution of population to ensure easy access by all, to economic opportunities and social services, and to foster an environment that is, conducive to living and in doing business as well as to become a disaster resilient province in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). More specifically it aims to…

1) Improve physical access of rural population to economic opportunities and basic social services.

141


2) increase agricultural and fishery production and productivity.

3) increase industrial production and labor productivity;

4) improve investment climate in all levels of settlements but more particularly in the proposed metropolitan center;

5) increase literacy rate by improving and/or increasing the cohort survival rates both in the elementary and secondary levels;

6) reduce poverty incidence by increasing family income;

7) improve public safety and security;

8) reduce incidence of morbidity and mortality;

9) provide adequate and efficient infrastructure support facilities and public utility services;

10) minimize environmental degradation due to community wastes generated; and

11) increase awareness of the community on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management.

5. STRATEGIES, PROGRAMS, PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES

5.1 Strategies 1) Improve physical access of rural population to existing medical and educational

facilities and to higher level settlements where economic opportunities are available;

2) Construction of health facilities and school buildings in strategic areas of the

province or where such facilities are needed;

142


3) Encourage crop intensification, diversification and area expansion for cereals and high value commercial crops including the provision of pre-and-post harvest facilities, farm implements and machineries and production inputs;

4) Organize fishermen into associations or cooperatives and provide with the

necessary fishing and/or sea-farming paraphernalia and pumpboats as well as the construction of solar dryers, rock causeway or fish landing facilities and establishment of mini-ice plants in strategic areas of the province;

5) Introduce modern production technologies in the manufacturing and processing of food and beverages as well as in other non-food industrial products;

6) Fast track the operationalization of Metro Jolo, providing among others adequate, efficient and dependable: power and water supply; communication system; and transportation network for internal circulation and external linkages;

7) Revisit existing system of processing and approving applications for business permits and determine what measures to be done to shorten the time for approval;

8) Provide fiscal incentives to pioneering enterprises;

9) Encourage parents to continue send their children to school until completion of senior high school;;

9) Encourage farmers and fishermen to increase production and productivity;

10) Deployment of peace keeping force in critical areas of the province;

11) Construction/rehabilitation and/or upgrading of internal circulation routes and external linkages; and

12) Conduct IEC on climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction and management.

5.2 Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs)

143


144


5.2 Summary of Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs)Goals Programs

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

60 150 150 150 150 150 units

Low cost housing dev't. program

Construction of (810 UNITS) low cost housing project in the identified sites

Indanan, Patikul, Maimbung, Parang, Talipao, Siasi, P. Estino, Luuk

9,000,000 22,500,000 22,500,000 22,500,000 22,500,000 22,500,000 810 121,500,000 PDC Resolution/ MDC Resolution

DSWD, NHA, LGUs, Gawad Kalinga

Construction of support social infrastructures

8 20 20 20 20 20

BHS TBI 3,200,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,000,000 108 43,200,000

1 2 1 2

RHUs KCaluang, Pandami, Lugus, Banguingi, Panamao, Tapul, Talipao

1,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 6 6,000,000

Provision of furnitures. 345,000 345,000 690,000

Provision of medical, surgical, dental, and laboratory equipments.

1,725,000 1,725,000 3,450,000

Maintenance of newly constructed buildings.

150,000 300,000 300,000 750,000

Maintenance of equipment. 720,000 75,000 150,000 150,000 1,095,000

Provision of medical supplies to 6 new RHUs.

720,000 1,440,000 1,440,000 1,440,000 1,440,000 1,440,000 7,920,000

18 18 18 18 18 18 108

DCCs (transfer to sectoral/other services)

Province wide 1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000 108 10,800,000

10 10 10 10 10 10 60

2 CL School building (already reflected in the education sector)

- SP/SB/PDC/MDC Resolution requesting funding for congressmen

DepED, DPWH 1&2, Congressmen, ARMM

Metro JIP Dev’t. Planning 1,500,000 1,500,000 3,000,000

Creation/organization/ meetings of Metro JIP Council

100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 600,000

Project study on solid waste, terminals and drainage/flood control

2,000,000 2,000,000

Solid waste management Jolo, Patikul, Indanan

2,000,000 2,000,000

Minimize proliferation of unplanned,

Indanan 10,000,000 10,000,000

Patikul 5,000,000 5,000,000

Metro JIP drainage Jolo, Patikul, Indanan

2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 12,000,000

Metro Jolo Integrated Dev’t. Program

PDC/MDC Resolution creating Metro JIP

LGUs concerned, province, CSOs, LGSPA

Metro Jolo Integrated Dev’t. Program

PDC/MDC Resolution creating Metro JIP

LGUs concerned, province, CSOs, LGSPA

LGUs/ IPHO, DOH, donor agencies

Timeframe/ Years

TOTAL TARGET

Metro JIP terminal

SP/SB Resolution appropriating funding allocation

Settlement

Social infrastructures program

Legislative Requirements

SP/SB Resolution appropriating funding allocation

LGUs/ donor agencies

Minimize proliferation of unplanned, informal and over-crowded settlements

Projects Lead LGU/Dept. Location

145


146

19

Formulation/ updating of CLUPs in 18 municipalities

Formulation/updating of CLUPs in 19 municipalities

19 mun. 3,800,000 19 3,800,000 SP Resolution mandating LGUs to formulate/update CLUPs

LGUs, DILG, DBM, HLURB-ARMM, donor agencies

Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

17

17 mun.

3,400,000

17

3,400,000

9 8 Watershed dev’t. program

Identification and delineation of protected areas 17 mun.

1,800,000 1,600,000

17

3,400,000 PDC Resolution/ MDC Resolution

DENR,LGUs, donor agencies

10 20 20 20 20 20 Talipao 70,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 110 770,000

10 20 20 20 20 20 Patikul 70,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 110 770,000

10 20 20 20 20 20 Indanan 70,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 110 770,000

10 20 20 20 20 20 Luuk 70,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 110 770,000

10 20 20 20 20 20 Siasi 70,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 110 770,000

10 30 30 30 30 30 P.Tahil 40,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 160 640,000

10 30 30 30 30 30 P.Estino 40,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 160 640,000

10 30 30 30 30 30 Parang 40,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 160 640,000

10 30 30 30 30 30 Maimbung 40,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 160 640,000

10 30 30 30 30 30 Tongkil 40,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 160 640,000

Massive IEC campaign Province wide 300,000 300,000 DENR,LGUs, donor agencies

Monitoring/evaluation the implementation of SAFDZ

100,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 700,000

2 3 3 3 3 3 400,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000

17 3,400,000

Formulation of coastal resource mgmt plan

Province wide except Jolo

Timeframe/ Years

TOTAL TARGET




PDC Resolution/ MDC Resolution

Lead LGU/Dept.

Upland reforestationMonitoring/evaluation the implementation of SAFDZ

Location Projects

Mangrove reforestation

DENR, DA, LGUs,donor agencies



Minimize economic activities in protected areas (NIPAs, environmentally constraint areas and among others)

Coastal resource mgmt. program

Formulation of forest land use plan

Reforestation management program

Protection


Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Land classification project

- -

- - 300 300 300 300 300 300

2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,800 12,000,000

2 6 6 6 6 612,000,000 36,000,000 36,000,000 36,000,000 36,000,000 36,000,000 32 192,000,000

Congress to formulate guidelines

DENR, Congress,donor agencies

SB resolution DAR, LGUs, donor agencies

TOTAL TARGETProjects Location

Construction of FMR

16 CARPable mun.


Timeframe/ Years

Increase agricultural and fishery production and other economic activities

Production

Cadastral survey (on-going)

Land classification program

Lead LGU/Dept.

Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA) distribution

Land acquisition and distribution (CARP)

13 identified ARCs

ARC Development program

147


3.0 km FMR from Kapuk pungol-Bulabog-Kulasi

Maimbung 36,000,000 36,000,000

Brgy. Tina-Kawasan-Bangday-Tubig Jati

Panamao 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 20,000,000

Panabuan-Jati tunggal-Kabbon maas-Karawan

Indanan 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 20,000,000

Brgy Buntod-kandaga-kuhawa Talipao 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 20,000,000

Taglibi-Bud tamig road 5,000,000 5,000,000

Anuling 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 20,000,000

Lugus proper 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 20,000,000

3 3 3 3 3 3

18 - SB resolution DAF, LGUs

Massive IEC program for community awareness & support.

150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 900,000

Establishment of Demo farm on: 2 3 3 3 3 3

Organic farming 300,000 450,000 450,000 450,000 450,000 450,000 17 2,550,000

2 3 3 3 3 3 200,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 17 1,700,000

2 6 6 3 200,000 600,000 600,000 300,000 17 1,700,000

1 1 500,000 500,000 2 1,000,000

1 500,000 1 500,000

1 1 500,000 500,000 2 1,000,000

1 500,000 1 500,000

1 1,000,000 1 1,000,000

1 1,000,000 1 1,000,000

1 1,000,000 1 1,000,000

9 18 18 18 18 18

1,800,000 3,600,000 3,600,000 3,600,000 3,600,000 3,600,000 99 19,800,000 9 18 18 18 18 18

4,500,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,000 99 49,500,000

Establishment of Seaweeds processing plant

Indanan 25,000,000 25,000,000 50,000,000

Patikul 5,000,000 5,000,000 P. Tahil 5,000,000 5,000,000 Parang 5,000,000 5,000,000 Maimbung 5,000,000 5,000,000 Indanan 5,000,000 5,000,000

Development/restoration of historical sites

-

Improvement of Raja Baginda Shrine (Bud Datu Eco-Park)

Indanan 2,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000

Formulation of tourism dev't. plan 200,000

Improvement of Bud Daho Eco-Park (Construction of concrete pathways/railings)

Patikul 2,000,000 2,000,000

Patikul

Seaweed farming with stilt dryer &warehouse

SB resolution DAF, LGUs, donor agencies

DOT, LGUs, provincial govt., donor agencies

Enactment of local fishery ordinances

Province wide except Jolo

Enactment of local fishery ordinances

Increase agricultural and fishery production and other economic activities

Small irrigation project (SWIP)

Coco based farming system

HVCC (fruits)

SB/SP resolutionDevelop tourist areas

Luuk (rehab)

Talipao (rehab)

Indanan (rehab)

Patikul (rehab)

Development of beaches

P.Estino (cons.)

Tourism dev’t. program

Crop Production support program

18 mun. Fishery Production support program

Establishment of Fish cages

Panamao (cons.) Siasi (cons.)

18 mun.

148


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Major RoadsConcreting of selected portion of Jolo Circumferential Roads Indanan, Parang,Maimbung, Talipao, Panglima Estino, K. Caluang, Luuk & Omar Concreting unpaved provincial roadsJolo-Gandasuli-Kaunayan road 01+300-09+960

Patikul 107,380,000 6.71 107,380,000

4.50

Kaumpang-Maligay road 02+500-07+000

72,000,000 4.50 72,000,000

18.135

Jolo-Bato-Bato-silangkan road 2+000-21+200

Indanan 290,160,000 18.135 290,160,000

6.40

Pagsalipangan-Maimbung road 07+600-16+400

102,400,000 6.40 102,400,000

12

Maimbung-Ipil-Bilaan road 16+400-28+400

192,000,000 12 192,000,000

5

Punay-Seit road 34+440-39+440 P. Estino 80,000,000 5 80,000,000

5

Pitogo-sucuban road 47+600-52+800

K. Caluang 80,000,000 5 80,000,000

16.5

sucuban-Lahing-Lahing road 57+200-74+300

Luuk 264,000,000 16.5 264,000,000

12.90

Siasi-Tausan road 00+000-12+200

Siasi 206,400,000 12.90 206,400,000

2. Jolo Port Expansion Jolo,Sulu 250,000,000 250,000,000 200,000,000 700,000,000 Construction of Warehouse Expansion of Berthing Area Rehabilitation of Pier Slab Area reclamation Wall3. Maimbung &Siasi Port Terminal Development Project

Siasi, Maimbung

22,000,000 17,000,000 39,000,000

Repair of Berthing Wall Expansion of Wharf (30 meters)

Repair of RPA Administration Building4. Construction of municipal port/wharf

Lugus, Pandami, Tapul, Banguigi, Pata

10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 60,000,000

Construction of Mini-Fishing Port with Storage Facilities

Barangay Campo Baro (Poblacion), Siasi, Sulu

20,000,000 20,000,000

Maimbung

DOTC, NGA, donors

Infrastructure

Ports

149


Airport 5. Upgrading of Jolo airport (Terminal complex and Fencing)

Jolo, Sulu 142,000,000 90,000,000 232,000,000

Donors, DOTC6. Improvement of Sports complex

Patikul, Sulu 5,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 15,000,000

LGU *Construction of mini sports complex

Punay, P. Estino

5,000,000 5,000,000 10,000,000

7. Improvement of Capitol children parks

Patikul, Sulu 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 3,000,000

8. Construction of Municipal buildings

Punay, P. Estino, K. Caluang, Pandami, Omar, Pata

20,000,000 20,000,000 20,000,000 60,000,000

9. Construction of boulevard Barangays North Laud-Campo Baro (Pob.)-Siundo

10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 50,000,000

10. Construction of Terminal complex

Timbangan, Indanan

10,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 25,000,000

Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Micro-finance Program

IEC on the availment of micro-finance

200,000 200,000 - 400,000

3 3 3 3 3 3

SMED Program OTOP (one-town-one-product)

3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 18 18,000,000

Skills Dev't. Program

Training for refrigeration, basic electricity, welding, masonry, and computer operation.

5,000,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 - 7,500,000

Construction of Fish port complex Maimbung

100,000,000 350,000,000 450,000,000

Indanan 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 - 750,000 Parang 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000 Siasi 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000 Patikul 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000 Jolo 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000 Pata 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000 Maimbung 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000 Luuk 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 750,000

Cooperative Dev't. Program

Organization of Farmer's-Fishermen Cooperative and provision of seed capital

1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 6,000,000

Preparation of Halal Industry Development Plan

500,000 500,000 1,000,000 LGSPA, DTI-ARMM, LGU

Establishment of Halal Food Production and processing center

5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 30,000,000

Donor, ARMM, LGU

DA, Donors, ARG

Improve linkages among settlements, production and protection areas

Other infrastructure projects

SP resolution

Donors, LGU

Establishment of Craft Villages in the municipality of

Agri-Fishery Dev't. program

Halal Dev't. Progam

Sports and recreational facilities

Lead LGU/Dept.Legislative Requirements

Increase income & livelihood opportunities

Employment/ Projects Location

Timeframe/ Years

TOTAL TARGET

DTI, NGA, ARG, LGUs

150


Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Improve access to health facilities and services thru available, accessible, affordable and acceptable quality clinic care in all levels of heath facility.

Health Facilities development program

Construction of Rural health units

Pitogo, K. Caluang

5,000,000 5,000,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

Lugus proper 5,000,000 5,000,000

Health Facilities development program

Rehabilitation/upgrading of hospitals, Rural Health Units (RHUs) and Barangay Health Stations (BHSs) to conform with DOH standards, SS certification and PHIC accreditation.

Province wide 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 30,000,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

New equipment for the hospital. 500,000 500,000 500,000 1,500,000

Maintenance of new equipment. 2,167,485 2,167,485 2,167,485 6,502,455

Creation of plantilla items. 73,313,649 73,313,649 73,313,649 219,940,948

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of 4 District and 2 Municipal Hospitals (Tapul &Banguingi)

10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 50,000,000

Provision of furnitures. 2,875,000 575,000 3,450,000

New equipment for the hospitals. 76,655,550 30,662,220 107,317,770

Maintenance of renovated hospitals

2,000,000 2,500,000 2,500,000 7,000,000

Maintenance of new equipment. 3,332,850 4,665,990 4,665,990 12,664,830

TA on x-ray, anesthesia, ultrasound and ECG machines and other equipments operation and maintenance.

76,500 76,500

Wages of contractual health workers to operate x-ray machines.

252,000 252,000 252,000 252,000 1,008,000

Short course training on ECG (3 months) and x-ray reading (6months).

360,000 360,000

Provision of radiologic, ultrasound and ECG supplies and materials.

840,000 840,000 840,000 840,000 3,360,000

Renovation of 11 RHUs and 43 BHS.

2,500,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 2,300,000 9,800,000

Provision of furniture to 12 RHUs and 43 BHS.

345,000 345,000 230,000 264,500 1,184,500

Provision of medical, surgical, dental, and laboratory equipments to 12 RHUs.

1,725,000 1,725,000 3,450,000

HealthLead LGU/Dept. Location

Timeframe/ Years

TOTAL TARGET Legislative Requirements

Improve access to health facilities and services thru available, accessible, affordable and acceptable quality clinic care in all levels of heath facility.

151


Provision of medical equipments to 43 BHS.

1,150,000 1,322,500 2,472,500

Maintenance of newly renovated RHUs and BHS.

125,000 125,000

Maintenance of equipment. -

. Provision of medical supplies to newly-renovated RHUs and BHS.

1,440,000 1,440,000

Provision water supply system in mainland RHUs/BHS.

1,950,000 1,950,000

Construction of rainwater catchment reservoir for island RHUs/BHS

1,100,000 1,100,000

Maintenance of water supply system.

-

Installation of solar electrification for island RHUs and BHS.

2,200,000 2,200,000

Provision of generator sets for electrification in mainland RHUs/BHS

915,000 915,000

Maintenance of electrification system.

-

Hiring of contractual health workers to man RHU/BHS.

305,000 305,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

Hire 1 midwife per barangay.( the hiring of 359 contractual midwives by the barangay)

1,080,000 1,440,000 2,520,000

-

Human resource development through trainings and seminars, specialty trainings, attendance to meetings and conventions, and the like.

500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 3,000,000

-

Institutionalize Barangay Health Workers (BHW) accreditation

150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 900,000

-

Institutionalization of user’s fee in all health facilities

50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 300,000

-

Establishment of non-monetary payment scheme

- SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

Establishment of WAQAF for indigents.

-

Establishment and strengthening of Pharmacoop among health personnel including BHWs

150,000 60,000 60,000 75,000 345,000

Establishment of Botika sa Barangay.

75,000 90,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 90,000 615,000

Peso for health -

Engagement in hospital economic enterprise

-

Health manpower development Program

To increase access to quality health services in the community

Health care Financing Program

152


PhilHealth Indigent Program

Enrolment of indigent families by IPHO, District Health Offices, LGUs and Private groups.

600,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,600,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

Capacity building of IPHO Capitation Fund Management Team.

300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,500,000

Information campaign/orientation on process and procedures and benefit package.

200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,200,000

Advocacy for legislation & health enforcement of health and health-related laws.

50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 300,000

IPHO-LGU forum on good governance

150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 900,000

Organization of local health board in all Municipal LGUs.

400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 400,000 2,400,000

Establishment of Provincial, District and Municipal Disaster and emergency Response Teams.

500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 3,000,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

Capability Building -

Provision of Land and Sea Ambulances.

1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,000,000

Advocacy for legislation & health enforcement of health and health-related laws- support to Reproductive Health Code

100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 600,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

IPHO-LGU forum on good governance

100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 600,000

Organization of local health board in all Municipal LGUs.

100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 600,000

-

MMR: 90/100,000 births by 2011

500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 3,000,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

Low birth weights infants: 10%

-

Risk factors associated with maternal, mortality and morbidity: reduce to 38%

-

-

-

Establish health data board TeleHealth Programming

100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 600,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

Tri-media Campaign on Health Promotion

200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,200,000

Capacity Building 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,800,000 SP/SP resolution DOH, LGUs, donor agencies

IEC 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 900,000

Local Health Information and Promotion Program

LGU in Local Health Systems Development Program

Strengthen implementation of maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition program

CPR: 80% by 2011

To reduce and eliminate infectious diseases.

Public health Programs development

Health and nutrition program

Surveillance of Epidemic Management System Program

To increase access to quality health services in the community

153


Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Road to School Improvement Program

Build/repair school access road project.

28 28 28 28 28 Indanan 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 140 15,000,000

Parang 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000 K.Caluang 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

Talipao 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

Pangutaran 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000 Luuk 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

Tapul 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

Siasi 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

Maimbung 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000 Lugus 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

Tongkil 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

panamao 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

P. Tahil 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

Patikul 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 15,000,000

Construction of six units 2 storey school building for senior high school with facilities

Province wide 14,500,000

4,226 4,226 4,226 4,226 4,226 4,226

Repair and construction of seating facilities.

All School Dist. 3,169,500 3,169,500 3,169,500 3,169,500 3,169,500 3,169,500 25,356 19,017,000

61 61 61 61 61 61

Rehabilitation /upgrading of school buildings and school facilities

All School Dist. 9,150,000 9,150,000 9,150,000 9,150,000 9,150,000 9,150,000 366 54,900,000

Construction of public/ school library

Laum maimbung, mun. Compd

850,000 850,000

Construction of 2 storey municipal library building

Jolo mun. Compound

1,500,000 1,500,000

256 256 256 256 256 256

Educational assistance program

Provision of school supplies for poor and deserving students

All School Dist. 128,000 128,000 128,000 128,000 128,000 128,000 1,536 768,000

23,686 23,686 23,686 23,686 23,686 23,686

Instructional Resources Dev't Program

Provision of Textbooks and Supplemental Materials (Elem/Secondary)

All School Dist. 1,984,906 1,984,906 1,984,906 1,984,906 1,984,906 1,984,906 142,116 11,909,436

256 256 256 256 256 256

Subsidized School Lunch Program

Subsidized school lunch project All School Dist. 51,200 51,200 51,200 51,200 51,200 51,200 1,536 307,200

24 24 24 24 24 24

English, Science and Math Development

Conduct contest in Math challenge/quiz bee

All School Dist. 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 144 60,000

DepED, NGA, ARG, donors

Projects TOTAL TARGET Legislative Requirements Location

Timeframe/ Years

Education

Construction of new classrooms and newly organized pre-schools.

Lead LGU/Dept.

DepED, NGA, ARG, donors

School Facilities Development Program

Increase literacy rate



School Building Program

154


Search for best in spelling and fastest reader and conduct science fair

All School Dist.

18 18 18 18 18 18

Establishment of adult literacy classes in XXX

All School Dist. 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 180,000 108 1,080,000

10 10 10 10 10 10 Indanan 1,319,760 1,319,760 1,319,760 1,319,760 1,319,760 1,319,760 60 7,918,560 ParangK.CaluangTalipaoPangutaranLuukTapulSiasiMaimbungLugusTongkilLugusPanamao

1,732 1,732 1,732 1,732 1,732 1,732

Special Tutoring Session Program

Summer Reading Camp for Non-Readers & Non-Numerates

All School Dist. 866,000 866,000 866,000 866,000 866,000 866,000 10,392 5,196,000

500 500 500 500 500 500

Teachers Quality Program

In-service training for English, Science & Math teachers

All School Dist. 375,000 375,000 375,000 375,000 375,000 375,000 3,000 2,250,000

52,978 52,978 52,978 52,978 52,978 52,978

Islamic values and Arabic language program

Provision of instructional materials for madaris education

All School Dist. 706,367 706,367 706,367 706,367 706,367 706,367 317,868 4,238,202

280 280 280 280 280 280

Supplemental Feeding Program

Weekly supplemental feeding for malnourished children

All School Dist. 2,800,000 2,800,000 2,800,000 2,800,000 2,800,000 2,800,000 1,680 16,800,000

Organization of local school board in all municipalities

100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 600,000

Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Decrease crime incidence.

Police on the block Establishment of barangay post with assigned policemen

100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 - 600,000

Sandigan PNP Anti-crime campaign 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 3,000,000

Sandugo PNP Anti security operation 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 900,000

Sangingat PNP Security preparation and security coverage

1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 6,000,000

Sangbanat PNP Anti-illegal drugs operation and campaign

1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 6,000,000

Capacity Building Program

Training and provision/upgrading of equipment and facilities.

2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 12,000,000

Sangyaman PNP Construction of police station in 18 LGUs

19 mun. 21,600,000 21,600,000

Protection and preservation of environment and natural resources

Province wide 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 1,500,000

Provision of communication equipments and transportation

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 9,000,000

Disaster program response and management

300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 1,800,000

Adult Literacy and Livelihood Program

Hiring of additional teachers

Province wide

Saklolo PNP

TOTAL TARGET Legislative RequirementsProjects Location

Timeframe/ Years


Security/ Crime

PNP, ARG, DILG, LGUs

Lead LGU/Dept.

155


Child and Women Protection Program

Establishment of children and women's desk in all police station

500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 3,000,000

SB resolution DILG, donors

Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

3 3 3 4 4

Improve access to welfare services

Establishment of 17 centers for elderly

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 17 8,500,000

Jolo 500,000 500,000 Siasi 500,000 500,000 P.Estino 500,000 500,000

IEC on R.A. 7432 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 600,000 SP/SB resolution

Lobby for Resolution mandating all business establishments for the strict compliance of RA 7422

50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 200,000

ECCD program Provision/ construction of day care centers.(R.A. 6972) transfer the costing from settlement)

100 100 100 100

Training for daycare workers 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 400 400,000

Provision of daycare learning materials

500,000 500,000 500,000 1,500,000

100 100 100 100

Child protection program

Organization/strengthening of Barangay council for the protection of children

3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 400 12,000,000 SP/SB resolution DSWD, DILG, DOLE, IPHO, DepED, NGOs,LGUs, donor agencies

2

Establishment center for children/women

2,000,000 2,000,000

Formulation of Prov'l. GAD Plan 500,000 500,000

Capacity building 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000

Social welfare dev’t. program

Capacity building with NGO/GO partnershipRelief operation 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 6,000,000

Medical outreach activities 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 6,000,000

Critical incidence stress debriefing

100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 600,000

Celebration of Maligay festival 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,200,000 SP/SB resolution DOT, LGUs, Congressmen, ARMM, donor agencies

Anniversary celebration of public administration and local governance in Sulu

1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 9,000,000

LGUs Infotainment of culture 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 900,000

Renovation of Provincial Museum 5,000,000 5,000,000

Conduct research/studies 500,000 500,000

Strengthen coordination mechanism

Coordination and monitoring

Strengthening municipal Area Coordination Centers

500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 3,000,000

LGU, Donors

DOT, LGUs, Congressmen, ARMM, donor agencies

Culture and arts program

TOTAL TARGET Legislative Requirements Lead LGU/Dept.

Livelihood center for Badjao's

DSWD, LGUs, donor agencies

Other Services

Create awareness on culture and arts

R.A. 7432

SP/SB resolution

Social welfare and development program

DSWD, DILG, DOLE, IPHO, DepED, Red Cross, ACC, NFA,

DSWD, LGUs, donor agencies

SP/SB resolution

Emergency assistance program

GAD

Projects Location

Timeframe/ Years

156


157

Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Energization of the remaining brgys.

Rural Electrification Program

Energization of the remaining 41% of un-energized brgys. Thru solar power and diesel fed gensets.

15,000,000 15,000,000 15,000,000 15,000,000 15,000,000 15,000,000 90,000,000 NEA, AMORE, donors

Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Maintenance of new Jolo drainage system

Jolo 15,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 30,000,000

Construction of Anuling-Bangkal Diversion Canal

Patikul 5,000,000 5,000,000

Construction of Tubig Puti Drainage System

Luuk 5,000,000 5,000,000

Construction of Bangkal-Liang Gandasuli Diversion Canal

2,000,000 2,000,000

Shore protection 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 3,000,000

Goals Programs2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Solid Waste Management Program

IEC on the proper disposal of solid/liquid waste

200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,200,000

Identification of site for solid waste disposal

1,000,000

Procurement of garbage equipments.

5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000

Lead LGU/Dept.

Power

LGUs, donors, NGOs

Drainage construction/rehabilitation /improvement program

Solid Waste

Prevent/control occurrence of flooding.

Projects Location

Timeframe/ Years

Patikul

SB resolution

Solid Waste Management Program

Upgrading of waste disposal system from open dump to control dump system

Projects Location

Timeframe/ Years

TOTAL TARGET Legislative Requirements

SB/ SP resolution

Drainage/ FloodingLead LGU/Dept.

Location

Timeframe/ Years

TOTAL TARGET

Projects TOTAL TARGET

Lead LGU/Dept.


DPWH, NGA, ARG, donors, LGUs



6. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

6.1. Plan Review, Approval and Adoption Process

It is essential that the PDPFP acquires legitimacy as a result of a formal process of endorsement, adoption and approval so that its significance is acknowledge by government agencies, local government units, the private sector and the general public and that it can fulfill its functions of integrating their various activities.

However, legitimization of the plan involves not only the participation of stakeholders but more significantly, to achieve oneness of goals and objectives for a concerted effort and focused direction of development – between the government and private sector, between the LGU and regional and national government, and between legislators and the executive branch. In project execution, it is important that the implementing agencies solicit the support and cooperation of the different stakeholders, especially in the Annual Investment Program (AIP) and Budget formulation. For this purpose, the following steps shall be undertaken:

First, the PPDO and the PLUC-TWG with technical assistance from NEDA IX review the draft PDPFP Plan vis-à-vis the PDPFP Formulation Guidelines to determine consistency in form and contents. Then the draft PDPFP will be presented to the Provincial Land Use Committee (PLUC) for review and endorsement to the Provincial Development Council.

However, prior to the adoption of the Provincial Development Council (PDC), a consultation and public hearing will be conducted to clarify with government agencies, the private sector, the general public and other stakeholders regarding issues and proposals contained in the draft PDPFP. During the public hearing, participants will be apprised of the salient features of the PDPFP, elicit their comments and suggestion and also elicit their commitment to support the plan.

158


After the draft PDPFP have been reviewed and refined taking into consideration the suggestions/comments of the PLUC members as well as the inputs gathered in the public hearing, the revised PDPFP will be endorse to the Provincial Development Council for adoption. Then, the PDC will endorse the refined PDPFP to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (SP) ng Sulu for approval through a resolution.

The Final PDPFP will then be forwarded to the ARMM Regional Economic Planning and Development Board (REDPB) and HLURB – ARMM for review pursuant to Executive Order No. 72. The REDPB with the assistance of the HLURB-ARMM reviews the final PDPFP and endorses the PDPFP to the HLURB Board of Commissioners for ratification.

6.2 Plan Phasing and Integration

The PDPFP is a plan document that merges the traditionally separate Provincial Development Plan and the Provincial Physical Framework Plan – the former is a medium-term or 6 year plan, while the latter is a long term plan extending up to 30 years.

Since there is a need to strengthen the linkages between planning-investment programming and budgeting, the PDPFP is phased into three parts. Firstly, it coincide with the PDIP into two (2) three (3) rolling investment programs; and secondly, this will also coincide with the three year term of the local elected officials. Hence, the following plan phasing:

Phase I: 2016 – 2021

Phase II: 2022 – 2027

Phase III: 2028 – 2033

159


Phase I focus on programs and projects supportive of the 10 point agenda of the Arroyo Administration, while the last two phases will build on the gains realized in Phase I, and will continue with the implementation of the social, economic and infrastructure programs/projects. Each of the last two phases will commence with plan review and updating to identify gaps of accomplishments in the previous plan phase, and to incorporate new strategies and priorities on development. Each phase in the planning period will identify the programs and projects to be implemented, including the necessary policies and measures as well as those affecting land use and settlements.

Horizontal Linkages:The implementation of the PDPFP shall be pursued through the key programs/projects identified in the PDIP. It shall be prioritized into a three-year rolling investment plan. The AIP shall be based on the PDIP, such that it becomes the basis for the preparation of the agency proposed budget for the province. Monitoring and evaluation shall be undertaken periodically to identify bottlenecks and proposed recommendations to identify implementation problems. Post-project evaluation can be done after every 3-year to coincide with the end term of the local chief executive as input to the PDIP updating. On the other hand, changes on the configuration of the natural resources shall serve as the basis for the updating of the PDPFP.

Vertical Linkages:The PDPFP shall be integrated in the ARMM Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP). At the sub-provincial level, it shall serve as the framework for the formulation or updating of the Municipal Development Plans. Since municipalities have land use regulatory powers, the municipal land use plans shall be translated into zoning ordinances and other regulatory measures to help effect the desired land use patterns espoused in the PDPFP.

160


6.3 Implementation Support Program/Activities:

It is very important that the PDPFP must be advocated and popularized to various sectors of society to generate support in the implementation of the programs and projects contained therein. Listed below are some suggested activities, but are not limited to the following:

1. Presentation of the document to the local development councils, business sectors (chamber of commerce and industry), academe and civil society organizations;

2. Advocacy through tri-media3. Presentation to policy makers such as senators, congressmen,

department secretaries, donor agencies, etc.4. Capability building programs such as: Millennium Development

Goals (MDG); Geographic Information System (GIS); Project Development & Appraisal; Disaster Risk Management; Results, Monitoring and Evaluation; Engineering, Geological and Geohazard Assessment (EGGA), etc.

5. Conduct of further research (policy studies and scientific research)

6.4 Sulu Area Coordinating Center

The Province of Sulu has an existing Sulu Area Coordinating Center (SACC). The Sulu ACC operate as an Inter-Agency group that coordinates, oversee and monitor the implementation and evaluation of all plans, programs and projects undertaken in the province of Sulu. It also serves as the nerve center of all peace and development efforts in the province.

As a nerve center, the functions are the following:

161


Maintain database or repository of all data/information on programs and projects both local and foreign in order to avoid overlapping of project implementations;

Monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the province’s PDPFP; and

Maintain closer working relationship with donor agencies, line agencies, academe, civil society organizations, business and religious sectors and the military in the area.

The SACC will have the following focused areas:

Socio-Economic Development – it will deal on the delivery of basic services (health, education, social welfare, water and sanitation, infrastructure, livelihood, environmental protection).

Security – deals with the prevention and resolution of crime incidents, address secessionist and terrorist activities as well as promote adherence to international humanitarian law and human rights law among government security agencies and other non-state entities.

Relief and Rehabilitation – provides relief services for displaced families and facilitate the return and undertake rehabilitation efforts for facilities and properties damaged by the outbreak of arm conflict.

Fiscal Affairs – establishes fiscal discipline by keeping expenditures within approved budgetary limits

Special Concerns – establishes a grievance desk mechanism to educate the people on their rights and processes for airing their complaints violated especially during the conduct of police

162


actions and military operations in the province. This will also encourage the people to file complaints of any reports on anomalies in government transactions or projects.

The chairman of the SACC is the provincial governor. Presently, the executive director of the SACC heads the technical secretariat. Members are agencies or NGOs whose functions are related to the focused areas as mentioned above. (Figure 32)

Figure 32: Organizational Structure of SACC

At the municipal level, SACC are also established whose organizational structures are similar to the Sulu ACC. In fact, the US Forces in the province have assisted the municipalities in the construction of their respective municipal ACC buildings.

163

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

SECURITYRELIEF AND

REHABILITATIONFISCAL AFFAIRS

PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL

PROVINCIAL PEACE AND ORDER COUNCIL

PROVINCIAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL

LOCAL FINANCE COMMITTEE

PROVINCIAL PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT OFFICE

SPECIAL CONCERNS

SACC CHAIRMAN


6.5 Monitoring and Evaluation

A monitoring and evaluation system will be established in the province to facilitate the plan review, revision and updating process of the PDPFP. The plan will be reviewed annually by the PPDO and the mid-term update by the PLUC-TWG and PLUC members.

Aside having a monitoring and evaluation system, there should be a system that captures change over time to the socio-economic and physical environment as a consequence of planned and unplanned developments both in the public and private sectors. The PPDO will be responsible for monitoring changes in the socio-economic environment while the PLUC would take care in monitoring changes in land use and other physical resources.

Project monitoring and evaluation will continue to be the joint responsibility of the concerned implementing agencies and the provincial government thru the PPDO and monitoring and evaluation reports will be submitted to the Provincial Governor as chairman of both the Provincial Development Council and SACC.

The process of re-planning the PDPFP will be undertaken in the plan updates and revisions. If there is a minor amendment to the PDPFP that will not effect change in land use, a Sangguniang Panlalawigan (SP) adoption will only be required. However, if changes are based on the following: shift in development thrusts; regional or national policy; change in goals and objectives; proposals that may result in a change in land use; and the plan formulation process will have to be repeated and would occur at least every three years during the mid-term update and end-term revision of the plan. A plan revision goes through the review, adoption and approval process involving the SP, REDPB and HLURB.

164


165

sulu.gov.ph file · web view1. introduction. 1.1 historical background . the province of sulu...

Documents