systems - kasetsart university
TRANSCRIPT
I I1 iltl
x
I
iW&-er!*,.,-,
I
nrEsfnlTrnlllPlanning and Design of Systems
taa... U.lAOqa C55tUOU1
?td.u., M.S.
3
mflSurlflr]lssIuaUs:nlu Rru:3fl]tlsslJtllf [5
lJnlSnflairtlutlsfllfns Inulvnfltutt,llau
UNSUlU
J
-jr:-...dfl1-i-.!-t
l,
It-.
I
a
L:] f:l.4rl
]D
rrrr T
t-l:.
R1: ? 1{[[FtUuAV O O fl [ [U U: V UUfl{tu-l
Planning and Design of Distribution System
Iog
uru oqa ?rroroul
rrJ.u., Uf.S.(Otlahoma State University)
Ito
ufi l-tYtulaut fl u 9tt fl '1fl 9ll ?Ytu'lt{ fl nltlY{.l udlJ
IAR1fl2nr'rfl?R::ilnau:enril nile?fl?R::ilfl-ldgll
ilntilgr
I
ntil1
isrnil:sa{dro.rnr:rfi uufl li{ fl ordrud rnaoldrrfl uronf,rrrirdou ?U1
nrr?1{[lflurrayoonrr:-ru:v:Lud':dr rirrirfifisr nrniurigrn::uua rvmrua t t laean v?f,?nttuflltlgrt tJfi1?mulaulnufltfll fit :?uvtittu0Jutofld-]tm1n?Yln1:
,il:snou nr:fi0r5on?r.ruruuooflrluir:vuunr:d.rrir drn:-uigan: rravnlfi auto
fr'r'hJ Ieurqfl rv:suunr:ri.rlilrrxilnaonri{liruavnrir do,fl ui6d,fl umdr^uuqy- Jq rJq d e4 v .t,trl d ,)d A ,,lYnum'l tlllr{ tuooqttar 0!uu d'[J lto ts toflda ot nt:oontt ltm0nflo{rtd3
tfiulvduu a ' Jyo u, t "fi u.tcYolnuurl[1uu 105?u:?utuofi t0tnfl 1tln]u1 [vtuudvRtuloilnqu
tondl: ornnrr :vqrudurur uiu'vrfi rJf nu lravr?orynornxrira.rru drfi ur{o{ rdu
n:rusarl:vyrru rfl udu Tourirnr:rJfrrJq'rrrrTh b?rt'uariuuacrfi lud fi 6yRrn
oir.rltuflolriuJ.
ru-ofi rlufi u-{ fi ouirifi nrnfi eirufi ofl arnil:vnr:lo toldTrJ:onqurgcgusr'd v d. tr C ya urou{l}idrtoun:udao i'nrilulr:rqorEl rfi o{rfi uu rv'ldri rrulrfflt rJfuilq urar
,n*r,o'i#a r,;, uf lu I o n r api o hJ
1'O1ornu nrnifliarn::rvailrrae6uilriu{fili{flouirlfi uaslndfloro niu
u @ct d . dQUll tfi$UttjUflddlt: S
fi b{nr:arirarlulu nrlfi uu:vvtludv I a an dttglu tot slI i ' u ^ t9
ms?u0nv{uvI9lu
uluoqa ?rrruoul
iluu:'uu z5zl
tl
il]:U1il
fiut
nlut
crltuln
uvtvt
ll
I
1.1
t.2
1.3
1.4
1,5
1.6
1.1
2
2.t
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
3
3.1
3.2
uvtul 1
1
1
3
6
7
10
11
l5
l5
16
22
22
24
25
30
38
41
41
44
56
56
59
ltllvt
a'nuor v fr'r'hlt or Tn :l nr:
o rri:J:vnou dtriruta:J:vmruro lIn:.: nr:
il:vrnmtorln:rrnrrurJrrr',t,
nr: u rd l rr rilff sr'q fix ru Tn :r nr:
dnu gYto{fi?{lu In:nn]:A a a, Al -anolvutt?iumn?5[a0nI uYt0t.tfi ?{1u
- ;6e d iHdfl nt:nt u9t:vnuuI lTntt[9ruYt10.i1l?{1u
olnt5?t?i]u
rJrut,
tl0utvu1uu1
il:vrnmtovhurLl. r.lluu?qq
z, nlru#rn:ra,3. r.l tunoufll.:01?t
+. rlruorrr
ur{nsvdreioer'?FhuL -,
n 11U U U n {t O il9t1fl lU
- i t",,rt:.tou fl u lto rtu't tofl ]fl
v da I IItt{nav{ ltuo9lum tufl tu
n ?1u dlu rrfi rs urud rt o':rl ru
olnlr :Eno li'r.rlu
u:ve:vuruYr:ru
.iollvrrummu
UYIYI
l.lr
3.6
3.7
Aunm 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
riu'lnrJnr
m1{!r'1
il:vsr:vuruJrnnaolarulrni
g.s. t vfinto.r:.1:vsr:vuru rnnnolji * - )-
3.5.2 tunuor.:'l ytrfl 1 tu{numfi 2{'lu
:.5.: nrrrirurunrturnroqdoluru:vu'lu
UlUI'U1U
lJ5J9 tOdiu0:
n15 ?littlHultav000ttuutguu cl.lu I
ri rri rr/c
ntrr'rx:?ufl o{arv'l0oonltuu- t ",afi annl:I o.:9tu tun]:o0nttuu
nlt?1{uu?nao{fl{ulttau:vu1uu1u?6
4.4.1 udntnucvt [u n'lt11.u[u1n a0.t
+.+.2 niunoulu nrtl'r.ulu1nao.r
nao'rri.rrirt
rliru rolnarudo.rnt:l#tiuarl:smru,- ii< e Ey
4.6. I 115U10IU'tYntIgto{nt: lA
+.0.2 :liurarrirmil:vvrruqvrt^fi rr:Ja'rrurvrJqn
fl1XAn1:UI
n u du u9t I o.t fl d o{ cf'lu')
IlJl1: 't10{nAO{ditu l
+.s.t arofiadlorunrrruranaoldlrir, et 4 J.
4.9.2 n?lun? t{RUfldO{rlasflzur ant,0.ru r tuflao'1
4.9.3 0lnna.:nao'ldg
4.9.4 rH0au
4.9.5 nUnd0.r
4.9.6 r]UflAO.l
4.9.7 rlflnao.r
60
62
63
65
69
70
'77
85
85
86
87
87
87
89
9l
94
94
95
96
98
100
t02
103
104
105
108
tt2
tt4
4.10
5.1
4.10.1
4.10.2
4.10.3
4.10.4
4.10.5
4.10.6
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
tt4
114
115
116
119
119
120
129
t29
132
t32
t32
134
t34
1?4
137
t39
139
143
145
t46
148
t49
149
151
154
154
t57
157
,) ?ntt00nttr na0.:cY'tu1Yl1{YafllcYgt:
lv
Chezy'sFormula
The Ganguillet and Kutter s Formula
The Manning's Formula
The Bazin's Forrnula
The Kermedy's Critical Formula
The Cotinuity Equation
4.tt@ ? - tu
fi antfl olcylnltlt0ltot tnrs oofl ttllulu lqttasgr9lnfl ao{
4.11.1 ilduu I u rn r rav:il 6'on a oli,
4.11.2 :fl uu? [n{flcr0{cl{u1t,
: rl dot': r.rfi ri.r ri r'loiavsnnfi an
fl1: t
umfi s
4.11.3
o lntt cf.r u r
nlu1
Ai' a et i4. I I -4 :rJflO111{flAo{Yt:?lrruoUmfln
s.2 :r.rrirr.r?oavururir
5.2.1 Bench Flumes
5.2.2 Elevated Flumes
5.3 'Allotsou
5-2.3 anuruvrl t flo'r:1{u'larl
5-2.4 n1:Y{n150l19l]UYaff]dgt:ur!
5.2.5 fi alnolcmnlroofl [t11lJ:1{u1
nrrrtor:nrrrdont#,d , z{ u r
floottavfloldu10{ t91 0u
dru ilrv n o ut orolnlr'lqv{ ou
nrr ^otslro onr ruu rfi u va nraq f-"1n1rfr-or:orrn?r riunrto.r'lryylou
otnltul0nI qe I
5.4.1 Yu9rgrl{61 [tdvn15[aon ttorn]:u l9rfl
1.u1flnnn
5.4
2.utflntou{ 159
162
164
t66
166
182
184
184
189
1E2
1m
190
190
190
193
195
197
197
199
201
205
20'7
22t
3.u lflnloutltuuYt0
+.drnn16aluur4ruut0.tuttYt{flou n:9t
,t
5.4.2 ma-nnr:oonrruridrslnn.rvd3.'!
1.ofl tlnltrJt:?10{u1tfi uouo{urant9
2.[[5{n:ytl nfl o.tulmona{dYtluu1fl n9ru419oAtu.3.nltnn 1a1uv{un1uvt1uu]fl nHt001.ttuu1
5.5
5.6
t1{tvt
o 1n 1tfl nfl luvt l.t ft uu -lfm vt-l{u n
l.d31IlU
2.moa00
uvtvl 6 otnltn?unuul
6.1 rirrir6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
:J :vsr :s urum ori rfl a-r{ n a o{l
rJ:v q : vlromori rr Iav rj r0 n
rJrv4:vr ruil rlhnn a olrou
oln15tlu.tu1
il:vq:vurorlaronaoreilrir,,!,,
vt0d{u1tfl1u1
u550l1un:
fl1nflu?n
n r a fl u ? n d t ei': o drr n r r ri r u ?ol n a o { 6i{ rilyn.r vr q u fr u a r n r.r rJ g rio^
j - , d, a /nlfl fl U ?nm 2 fl ?OU1{n15 ltno 11?[O0:(Spread Sheet)fi 1fl tJloFldo{
umfi I
UYIlJl
r.r ansorcrTililroslnrsnr:railrvnru
In: lnr:ta:l :anrurfl u In:':n,rfi ri',odu,n' ori rrfrornunri rrirr::rumsrrrlr'lrlldludufi rurnrJqnlurixfi trounu,ilr.lr,,urqqudlln:rnrrtn
:l:rnru:J:snouriruri':udrrirg, Arrdu ornr:riruu rrrr,i.tri', uacrsuu
,rr',rrf', ornr:rir.:ruosrirur?rfirfiufinniofiurirr{rri:cu!ti.rrirntoar16u'rrirhJ! t , 3i- ; 'drulalryrrvrl anlufi ufi In:lnrr rcuufl .rulmn0rnolerur:ortlrirtrnrTrl:Jfir
"rr,vilufinrrcilan'leiotir.rfrrdl rfiuuolutratfiritdo.rnr:l#rir dru:c!!:c!rurirov. r,i ln i r , ia a u, 4yl1u1-l1yr:suruu r rur,rumrnrsrlanfifiurnr6ulrJ o'u ototvrnnntng,tuflnfiu nflto
irrurnurluqqrl, uuno',n#nrr;rJqnrtr,lrJ}iriurioufi fims'1rl:-u6'uo:ru
nr:'ltllHuuovosnrru:.r:suudlrir lolIn:rnr:rail :vYtluun2lu.-: ' od A 91 )
dlRruu{00n1]ud1[: r10{r tnr{n1r UutJu9to.rflnulrra&:?u'ru10{41'l{uflulraeo, , , , A
0onIuu tHQnflo{ r rnc d0 nn a o{sr oru o{ nu
r.z o.rr{rkcnouiirfrarroslnrlnrrrarJrunril. t
' ,. - ..e
o{nlJ:cn0um dlnqlo{ ln:{nltIau:rytlu Yl9ro.tululll0'l:011:lunu
ludrroun.'r.''{u}luunvoonlr!, 6o dud6ur,osn'l urti.rrirlollnr{nr:rirqrut,
ro.tlnr{nrr :cuurilf r uac:yuu:surudr
r. ,trdAr,uarfil (Area and crops)i J- . a Ja ) - !fl un n u tu tn:lnr:lailrgylrufl urudl rorlrrnnnut{d'lllltoruul
ni o arur:o ri.rrirhJbildrfwrunororyfi iliuror urnni orloudu o{ riutu rnt o.r
1n:rnr: drdloron',rra'ilrcrruuilroonrflu z rJ:grnyr6o drfrirnru(Prcject Area or Totat Arca) nurud.r,irurudufi yilxunnru'lutourrcttglfn:{nr:
a ^ a I )a ! ; , - J l"lt: oftfil Ufl UTtfiU 1 007o UAZwunTArJl gn lU (nigable Area) XUlud.rtr-Uyt lU
rwln:rnrrGirudld,ilu*{rd,n',erlonrrnvdr:Jrroriuirrarlrcnruhl6rld d.rrfu
2
i A | 4 , - !;= y I ;a",,'nufl,ourrlrluo.tl'nlnu ult 1flr{nlrnuo2uy{u .r.r tuooirnlrtirynrJrcylru ldlrri
d,irnruo u'.r iirrir fio{orruuavnuurnr uouniufifilildlulrori{irlill#ld
rdud4rru'uurrunu{urrfl ueluluvrNrJq'f r''yriuiirail:ynruov6noonurfl ulilof,'Ji* !:r - r
launi,0.Dlultlnr{n1r llu 70-80 % n{ulu0gnudnlflRUrJrurfldnnuuJru0. t; a at
nu f,RrrnrrUanny ilunrailtcnturiruu'ogdrUr'ldlunr:dru:orrriliuronirfi
dorri.r }Jl#rirnlrxa ilr!n rua i, " l;.fifirJ6nlufiufifn:.rnrrlail:yrn1uo1orflu flyrfinrduruiororu
" i l- !a"n , r c t d )xunllny0100!rJnn lu unrnu?nuulnn?l I nr{n ln oul{ Irnfl]ut'[lju9to'rflr1u
- .a -,
t a iru'nrorfirfiocrJqnrnrqqnrrrnrviltrnro.rilruoiacru'n rr'odr1il'li'lunr:riruror
rJ?lrornrrl#irto.r$lluasiliurorirvailrcmrufiocdo{ri.:1#dlflun flnonqf!nraI
rillcuQn
2. lt a{ l1,o{t!flr{Olt (Sourc€ of water Supply)
'[n:rnr:rail:cmruriT ulilni ocr
-ry r .t lcto d, y A o qr.f trljrlfl lo n lluu1 nl['tt arul lgtau] u9ru "r{d'uJlro 0v1t'tu] lrnlnlrrn, rt , ! , ! t ata ! -ilrcnru'16 und.rdrlrdriiocds.riiilSutsrrirrfru{ oflaoflqnnr:nnc:Jen od1{
r d . o' , - " ' ' ,! . irIrnfl1uf,n111flo{a]u'Itoas tlttoln0ctlnnol{nu t txutttJ u tu litflluu u l lfia
!-, I ..",.flaoan-riluasfiilirrorrfiuruodrr:-urirnr:rarJr;mru uririrur.r aruiirir'lu nur
rJiurorunluq2rluriunrudo.rnr: ucino'uu#{lrifi irluqqnd.r n:dniudovoroe ,, t d i I a - io r rrrcgc t Idor af xdr.rriurir rriorfr urinri rluqqdulfl frluqqrrdrciolrJ osrr1uld'iranrvl
torairf rrfluilro'u drdoil:s nr:uur{rlJo{nrr6rrrunilrernvrro{'[nr{nrtra tvnlu
3. n-aouta.rlnlsnrr (H"aa*o"rc)
fa'rru torlnxnr:tailtcmru fl urudr f;oriuailorJortrndailod,
^ r ! < , t - l . yaa ! f 4 lqvoufl2tu6u ]?tto ltfla{u]frrurlfl llloYt-1141]lmtnuul unu'l ?l:ollflu'l tHUtu9lu
: . - I - J"* ,. , i;{{1Un2]tgnu nflfl'llrttrualn ltard{floYlo!fluu1l}l l?l oll l(a ao{ fltlu ]mIn
i, ,,urn'rr',rotralJ{dudrn.,rrtqnriofi"r;irourxnlnr{nrrld ,uno.,nfi"riro*eau{?tulut?uo{ o tnlt rJ : : n o u fi af i.r du 1u uinu rdur nlu rd o ri r n rirfi n ru q ui a , * tA aA e , ! t
riruarrfroilry lulrio-ufr riur.fo.r rdu ornr::;uruilrdulspittway; ilrvqrruru
rJrnRaollHead Regurator) rvn:;utunrtu (Sand Sluice) uovnunuriuirriru
(Flood Protective Oitesl rflueiu
a, , ! A- ,IJUuHA{U'tYtU0g0rlUtll4A{U]flO{
rJirurar
3
4. :cuuGi.nil (Distribution Systems)
' .'a a e ! a - ! '!:cuuri{ilr no :cuuylrr: rrl,unro:uu l0rnuuu rfl iori?{lu rirtjfr.rj i , Av ! " !ulld?ugl]il.l 10{ [n:ilnl:gt]uYtgt0{nt: :!uud.t0'lttj:&n0!1un?u flao{d{u1I , ' , 'l i ' A dt eqriurorornr:rir{.1[1iu yiori{ri] :r.rrir yioriouriluc{u druiulnr{nrrraJrrnru
rJ:vtnn Graviry Inigation rinu'ouair'rrflu:c:rxnao{liln (open Channel) dut e ' ! I , "" a.
u:snouft?u n0o{d{ lrllu tlriu nno{flou na0{uuncuou rlasQu'l :tuuflitutluu:. d' " - ) , d - Aa.td.i0'lrllu ttaEdlnqm{ntloir lfl:{n1:aalJ:YYltu rT{:lruu0suoln]r?r?{1unntlru{
tott9t ln1,lfitvlJUclilulmeluut0lttacu ttalmfinl lta2 tnt{nltnalJ:tr4luuucldr r r i hrtr, :, . , i -n tuo1!0vut:qril'll4u]uyr11.r l? [n uon0'lnuflla{ylu ]u:euu dilu lun0eurlnld.l
r,dyfl?'t0tn1:0u'lt0un?u
6. tuuulsult til (Drainage Systems)
! - tA ! l;rvuurvulu l fr nrirfr:cururiroon0rnfrufrnrurJtrn'lulnrlnr:lu
urrudfi rirurnrfi utl Inufr'r}l:cuu:suruil'rnyrfl useuuqrfl n 0rQn?r11fl u- .id , i a 4 - i' I { cy I r",
u:t?olYttllu:o{u1fit:ux]ofi:ou:t?olvtQU0tl rll,to tlldlulto:guluuloon tndcn?n9'4.a.,rfln0{ :0ntyuluu10&r:uttnQtyuluu'lll'lulr a{ Qr&u]uu1t2u ltauflao{
JJ'.a,yu1uu lff lu tllruu 10lnY{u yrlo{l ln: { nl: n.ll.tufi 0c
Q nrsulum{n{qal ]!t:us1o.te ' { dt e ! , 3 - - e1lt Yl U n OUy{ !o&uj uo u9tt'tu0lnu'l ?lJ u0n0lnteuutuulu}llfl?nuttA2 I'lilr e. .\ , a ioy^ln:rnr:[l6rriluds.rii:Euu:lururirld6u rfi onruql:rfiurirlti'6ulrilrio{fi
r;duq.rriulJourirh{n'ufi nrrgilqnrfl unro6nCru
t,g rl:vrnnto{nr{nlrrarjre lIn:snr:rarJ:ynlu rtrulrouliroonlslrfl u + il:crnm oluA'nuuyro.!
0ln r: ?i1.nu uay a'nuor s nr:ri rri'rlrJl# 6o
t. Inrlnr:rarJ:crruiuituo.!(Inundation) druurnocrfl uIn:snr:tu rnrf, nfi njudnnrilqn'lriurnrin uaedfi {'luuiriordirluurirfi fi :vnurJluodrr
ltarrirnao.rririrldavnenluqqri.rrir rfiuurcilnnaorriuiroonorn,,riil rirfio,
lnauirnnoltJdfiudmrvrlqnldrs.r Ino'lrje(o.rtlr!o1n1rrnilr'ln.l ucisrrrEafir
il:vq:urruilrnoaorl{ rdonrlqu:liuronirorufi sio.rnr:
4
rnoTlii?I I 3 3o,ooo
r
t:it
I
!.E(-t))s
)=-w
CnGG
aG1Z
=;t(-F
G
G
8I
I
HI.( .?S
=.3=
.E
I
Y
Jd
t.
2L
,
/-J
(la
\I
I
Il.l
I
It,
.I,l
,i}
5
z. In:rnr:ta:J:ymru il:vmm,dou:rururiruardru (Barrageor
Diversion dam, and weir; 6oIn:rnr:fi u'nnrrutfl uo',olrruril,Cururill#ltru,,?.,J.'a - !" ,J. - ,! - !na0{ r[{ulu0{u]01n:enuu'rlu11Lrulufl?1uHu lJ:tlu6latit1fla09r?a1 0{uu
lonldllut[u[luu]osl,udt 0{:snln0ylflamlnaoiltoilluqanlralrtul0{tufiu*, ;
" I a ,.iu , auou llauu :lJ101 luGIultfluo nal1n0 l{r?alnvuul t atl,lnao{uln u1{l1alue A r. ,.i .r o { , y ! J d r a A ! i
uout4too'r0 luurau 0{01rlju0roilfl:1{olnltYtftu 1 q{olntlluHlut4:otl,a m0u11,u
A i" "4. v !n,t, ; , Jr oTau1 tu tl1ar{rn0o,tu1 tnoul{du'ucluoflnoqqEnlId.ru r
:. In:rnr:tarJ:vnruil:vrnmdxrfiuir (Reservior) rflulnrrnr:fi
aixrfluornr:rfiurindr1fl.i1uqqrioti, r{rri,du{urornudilfildrflu,rrrrisrirru.r
In:.rnr:fi :liururir'lraurhiuiluou :Jn6ocfi ilr'hourrliuruurnrfiunrrugto'ra yL Ac, nylA , -<.!,tn1: tuqQflu Y{o0.rq81ra{cr{r?.r11n]mflo{lnl: lxulr onl:!nurrYllunarJrulu ou
niohifirau nr:1#ornr:rnsrrirlun:ddryhiklnu ,,iuoo.rnrillruridrfirJ?lrgllda io r yaa n , c I I d - I ' r Lta lrhlllurrY{O ?DrnulYtyll tnnflofl:'l{ol{lnuu'l]ltolnunnuldlulnu luqeHu 1? 1! tu
'Jdrcfi rrnunou lnuii:J:cfl :vuru:Jrnnao{rfl usTrfl ruqudiursniriiolri{r{rnaor,l, - . --a'J i e a A ^ a - a ad.rulrlunu rrl?i:ugt?ruou nuu to106l:]{lllutl,ouou rl,ouflu l,t:0110uRoun:o
du I In lqtta?ugrn:Bl
4. In:lnr:tail:ynruil:vrnnqudr lrumping Irrigation) 1unr6fi,.'a , !- - ! '; ,Ci , ut , , qr
tluu 1?rr 0tl}latu'lu:unuuloqflln?'tfluyllfl1e Qnu1n r]ac tufl'lu'l:0cli'lir0't{rnu! . i A !nr' . - iI o ,ilruioornr:mod.r rfr'ovrorirhiq.r6.r:sdufirirrslunuirnno.r'ld6.rfin21uirfluv qv A ! ! ' ,, ' tsro{ tlrn:o.rduu1 duuld{r{tr!uud{ri.tlrytu uon0tnu'fr!ldrdiulnxnrrra
:l:cylruil:gmnrnnrh lunrddfirirrlsuou'hiarrur:nriril'rrdrnno.rri.rrirld6nd'ru
dnuorcro.rln:{nr:!0il:vlrludrHUryfl un?: r&rfl urJ:;rnrnln duo{i ,- ^ - -i ' ,t
fr uoq]fiunr:'fr rr:orrfl ti'u6u rdu dntfl gfi il:yn'Ifi rliuroltnc:yriurirtuuilrirr < i ' i r t t . y,i'
qqnr:ryncilQn fi ffi rJqn fi ufi rrrvrJqn nrrudo,rnr:ldri1xoJ:lyt'lu uauturil
ldriru:l:rnoustru
6
. r ii -1.4 nunrriurfl lilfr silil-r{ruln:lnr:a . " , Aln'lrlr'r ronrfl uon'umu{yrsr{torul?{luclurrorlrlrt z ii 6a n:.rnt
Iaantdou \a:-fllin'fieranl lt. nr:rrloumldor
rirlnoiidrrunqnrlnrunaolrililraruln{fiu luquilrvrnrni.rnr.rA Jd I , J u,. , ! a ,
lJ:l?BlYrUrsaunuq{il1ny'l0 yl0cal{u101nflno{ luYtlnl:xn IUYl'luytunn0ual{
qntolln:lnr:lrtrtrdr ornlnilorunnord,l''rnrudrdl#.rururnnsrduiraru),
lnnidoufiuhlnrrlrnnaol loutinnorfi nrnnruur?rlun'irarnnruurrrolrrr,iriri, !. re ,! t I , A a! - tluylqnuu?nno{ltl{uld-tu lxru0e [ flnllu?[uu'll1]1 0l lIll{tllu{ fln{ll?{1 t,u
JJ A! t ! ryl u,a J -rnr{1'ruu n'lr?t'lm n {10{l.t ?.r lu lnuml{00uuft2: ltlu0 lutllflunQUIru]Ytfll,D{t * a 4 u r.i I qy ! .lnr{n1r lnuacloun ro tulruHuyl0s li,.nutnu neuu n'ltnluuolnu0lunoo{6{I "
t1 e a au'1fl'lu lrqJn{flo{ n'l:sllraon tugu:lrurvrfio:iroul{rolrftou"
,. nrrrrrnuo:{
rirlnuiioonhJrtr:rrqur.irirdl#rfl usiuirtorlnr{nrrrn r!7r'lua . Ja- aqriJ d JJ o y 1 .
tu0lIlJlt'l[6fluanuuunnJltdun lxYtu u tljuYt9l{10{?r 2it1u rla 20it't'l{rtu2nao{d.:i n ,u ri .,
u'1fl1u llrtu o o n01nfl?{tluttj11ilrirtnIn: I nrr Inuldarnclruur2roqnoo.rrtun?-lu,
alnnl!u1?10'llluu1lJ s r .. al aa u ,
nl7lllYlO{1 0{}l ?{1U 1nUfl t{ 0iullu?! grt{nuttljn1lnltfl 'l lftuytlilt ! -ojoy o ,au e a < , t ,!oou ttaenil 2 ?Euu1ontlainotdun?unu n0n]:}l1]nuTl{00uu ttu?nno{dilll1
aruluqjrvlcianrnr;l:lnru:sdrru.iurru({qnxo.rlnrlnr: nrrri{ir6racnrnuacI'a-a!* r r.! ,do , , !
ri'rfr rf,u6ri'.rInr{nt: riu'irrilurio6luu.inr:ri'llit uaslu2nao{dlriraru'lnqiot
rflurourrndruru{ltol'[n:lnrr rirur?srfiufi6oru{orlu?nao{duirarulrqlrloudu
lilrrJtnnao.r luurnaorol0}Jdnuulnjirn:{fi fi dnuslgh;rrurcaudocai{4 - , ,f,a r- rr i : ,lunluu?t1u Itull!uluIlJnnx?'l{tr.,dxlrduo flnlyllla&anuucnuna{uu1i'tlu
,J" ^ !' i ' . a-"6 rduuulrririr"luuil?orujunolfru'llnn 1a.,t odrl'l:fl6"lunrlrJq'ri6r:uffhldlnuI A! - l- Jr,-Jr t e . ! )a-
laouYt9l{flortH?{tl 0lnmlnu ru tuu'tyt llluyl'l{n1utl4u0 1 cr{lljanuolgtltu'tgtlu, ia ,t t s!n2'l l]s[lu?fioo{fl{u1n03eto{lu1'riu riruiunr:firficillolfrlrulnun:lido61u
,i- ,! alll{manuuel0illluulnr{yln{n0{fi?.tlut}Iu1y3lun]lt5]e t lo0n[0't luRUllrulnfl
7
. , d ^ 2 tyn - ! ,q ju, I . - lqy dn2ul,oldu0't0tvlnnxu 10s]x?{]u9{oq luYr luq{fl 0 lu0n]fl unrsa!u1 1rn1flnuji- J , J . ,u,sfrfrrirlruiuuavll.rIru?Rao{d{ld1drulud0]nfi?{rurrirlrJlulnr.rnrrudr rru?
nao.mvlciduhl'lrio'.ruu'l:rn'ruriu6u4lqntorln:lnr: rrrir}irdurdodri.rrir< t ,. . Lts : - i
ur'rrirulrlrior4rb?uiofiro.rIn:{rnrraafoua{ nrrurl'ho10r,r'r ln tnurvruttouulo, c jA . uvA j' q, ! - v , ! .l.nn1: lnuyt c[{ n1flu n lirfluYttl't.l]u tfi qtlu0nua??'l{rru2fla0{al{u1d]u txtuoon
'1rJlnil uurnoolorr'lcililntuuu2:&o'uuiuAu({qnto{Int{nr:'ld ucinr: 6rfl un- !",' c ji- ' i ! ,':cn!ilrlf,nr:rfi ufifi rixruqrurnliufr olnltyrarit0cgio{q{fl 1u\rlrieu rirbirflu
,9-An I no f, :'l{l.t ?.r 1u ulnlu
;L1.5 ffnuorsrtrrafr si'r'r,o{ri2.nuln:{n1t
rirrrursrln:rnlrrailrrn1ufi di*du * fi dwnldlnunr.rdounio< d , ! , I - , u ,i tInuo:{fi fl rudouoiro{lurtrrootixlootinru-.rd.reiohlfi do luuinu 4m lu
ui nurtt1.r'n rufrnoiortuqnt'r uailu uinw1n'tru dlfi anrnuerno,irfrulnuaqrJld
9l'tu
r. tirqruluuinor4nn, e L, , a 9
lu4lX1Un0Cd:'r{H?{1U lfiulnIns]dURlnOd:',I{U1n nnugl!{o{Ytor
'ld, - a -, " ! a {at[lJu't[lJuflunluflt0llun0u lxqlldu lnuuln n'l5dlliro'lnlrvt9uluuuun'lucu{lle r e e ,! ! ! " - dluflaonfl?1un2'lir10{yr0.Ullru'luu0'ln'l:yrou'101011In lil:1un]In1nfl2[uoit0ln
-!u,.,,-'",^La,r!lUrlnUR?'lUdllJ',l:O [Un',l::UUlflUnU::{n [UrnlnU tn Un!UU0!0rO{relufl1n0
li.,ur.,rr',nr',ntt
nlnoruu.r2r o{luri ri ruacnrruaroryrro{uri u6uaorr,lrnuilri rluuinor4rrrrlfiurrn d'nuorl4fi:J:nrnnri'r'lrJtp:n nrrlqnao{d{;1oon!'rnfl-?
.rrul:J'ls1urn ry{r1suulnaoir0:nnri.rn'u1#r6u1:lsrruvn.rfi,irriq ur{fiogdo{rir.la , . ct I "'-olRrrfirf,uumunr:1nflao{ rdufirrilurruir (Flumcs) lsio'nrar;1:Jqrur'rurxriu
,! r ? t A " !ruri f r ilio oc rn rv q lu{d (Tunnels) m! qQrrl'lrfiof ro rri rornn-tltu s o nhJ qit'ufi
rvruilqn'lurwr'lflr.tnr:d{od'lnnoonl:J nnorririrfinfinrirriruturnlrqirjoq riro ee , , I r I ' i[]1910{d5'l{olnl:flaHlu tlu tl{u1 (Flumes) YlotlolJ (Siphons) rl:ssrirrir
t))t
6lntets; rJ : v 4fi oJr (ourlets) ltisnr.rfi lil r (wasteways) tu lnlfl dfl nruuil{
8
)ttrrrlvsvfudrlil'i rrfl uudrlilnr:firn"rlrulfl uqrtrra:ornr:nndr
dtltnrrriuCru (Diversion weiry odu16urrvirriu
2. ?t?{lu luurr?0114?Yl{r:1uflnnonxntl't,ttr,a.luTllau 0nuuv9ru g'lur1ntlo{o1n'lrnnulrracnuna{lluu10cuufl {
d a y ' I , q ' d a oJ otl1 iulliro uln m 0{lru 1.1 1d ?u txru ru u n:lnxl oYlIlultu]lJunE010ll lun u
d a - 'i " v e e ,! - ^ , Jtl4uU?hardpan l't:0Aun1U0gnU [nA:!OUYl0ilt]llUl nnUUUnUlIUutEl2UtlS!flUA
,,I I . U,R1n0f,:1{E1U:lnuAU UlJ0{0lnltYlOUl lOU',ln tlAe 0',tft',ltnnu10gIn0nnu01nu'la nni ,tcruaoo lfl un?u
,! - -n nu0l!g u lJrJrnfldo{ll'ln]lu u'lu n]tuua [flunuuR?lunln] lto
drn?r fi r1#nrrrl anno{.i.uiroon0rnri?{1uuh{rtnddornrrliilri'.rldnrurnc& d a . , 3r " e . tIavfln0{nruR{lt1{ur{nllrr13nnuu!nun lru?flo0{fl.1u'l 1ljn0unRalr?ut,u1n
c r U f 9 d t t Itl4tu tuflo{tdun1nofl:1{olfl'l:9tnfl'luulnun
to1n1:yrorilro{ri?lru'luuirrorrirvi'r:1uAneio6!tlxrornrfl udlu
(weir) uiordoutsurulit @arrage or Diversion aam) otirrlnodrrtull 6utr?'ir
ornrryloil0!rflurlrufihirio1#r6nRrrurfiuururyr:lsrilyi2ulriu6uaorv'hnuririr,, a ! r dr f, a { - ! , urr
ll'lrlun1u]?tuou'llro{tl'lutljur{({llt0tlo.lnuulr'l2u tn{lu u1?01lt?{il:'luflnnou 4c. A gt - t In!nrfl 'trilllluyr'llamn?tdi 1ill.t?{'lu1lulJ1nmdo'
,. firuuluu?rrorril:ru,tofluurnuro{uilrirluuirruyi{:ru rinrfl un:ruris6uruu'umrlfi
3 - a 4 a ,! ta r r u t ,l!unutruu?ltronunluogtlj0{at1{ tlflun0coqnna{ tu0ln:;null0 luu'luln n'lt
eonr{uir'n (Sheet piles) floc,iudriuoon'[ddutoiornr:nnirlnur6ntrndlf r'lil
ld r{ufiqfi fl on1i6cfi il:rIuili rfio{rirus'n:ruvmr.rfi rirossiorduoonlsiduto.rlny i . a ! u r - a q e yj
0lfl ltmnu1 nlu'111,u ylln?lul:'nJo{ulnnn{0u luflMt00cnnttnc ltunnu tgtfluJ v i" -oenhJkiuirulu lflr'wqiu:unrroonuxuyrauroilolnl:rnil16rdil.liulurirrorvi.r
19 lrret1lJ!tgtOit ln:un'lty{0'ttolloulit:o1Jfl ou
dnuglrnrj'il: grnnaslllrnuririrriuu6urn udmiu6uriourTrrrruuio
fin'lruarnunrlou nr:,tlonao{rri.rri',0',nr-.u',r,n1lhJrjurodrio.rnr:ldirrirldacnrn
uchraorosfi r,urnnirlrnin'ir:Jnsr'nrnyrir'lunao.r1r n#r
I
\(5
sE
C.5ECE0oE !rE E8.oo!
=iI r.e :-= i i -E;sisEI-ol ri lili
.E
t
.V
.(
f
4
"1,.,
I
,= ,rI
:Ufi 21. )Y-
?l 1 t nYl n{ }n .! 1l.l IR:.:n 1:
10
ornr:yrolilxo{rilrruluuirrorvir: rrorr,fl ,,nturrrr,rri, 1""r""rr,
or Diversion aam) usiodr{tdur 'hjnrrair.rrflurltu 1w"i4 dulurirrarriudryr:ra,rt
d ruryrirhirfi nrj rriruuriu aslyhnurjrfidrurrfi orhtordrt d{rfl ufi o{orfruro.r
rl:crrluuayrfl unjufi u,nvilnnrfiunru niorirld'uririruJduunrudu'[uri du,.'J y u,' , " , i ,
t!lJluulYlal:'t{t lunoud{lttqnun2l{ttagulo.l:3u1uu1?la1uxo{ nttl&anuu<o{,ln r u,dr t r ,t ttlluu'l tuYl{:1u luanllnfloul,l{n?1it llacotuunflTynuua{nluytilH:o0t0uo10{
d t - : 'i . d e ,I110U:UU',tUU',ldilierdu0:youfl a{lluulfl : 0d{n?1tllu{ranu 0u]lt1uu
i I Juy ."y!1. - j-rl ou:&uluu lrsTnu 1 lfr q.t Yl'l [1.t u'luu o{rs9llrT{ unu0'ruuuzflao.r
a.rr:"rltfrir nao{ri{drfirler0rnrir'rruuir1:J{rrnfido.:nrrl#rirrv#un'irlnrirra
.a A .,t <e1.6 anuorEUlr?01flfi?tta0nruunnw0{ ?{t1u
-llJ:r?OtY ltUlgdUt
R?tuanuolsn{flo lilu
a a A!n?:rAonliluff 6'{ro.rrI?{luxorIn:{nr:!o rrfl lu
t. rfluuirrgln{r{l,ro fiorairlrJrvq:vuu:lrnnaoldlrhdrul?rqi
h{uur6urinar.rro.rrJ:lqei.rornfiuuurdurlruriouur{udna1{uolriou:;!ruriluly . tr s a ,l )16ril:rswrirufl onn'ufl ioaniliuru n:?nfl :ruluuildr ff olrqntdr'h.l'lunaolri.r
ula{ to!1n
2. fl1:rnflaorrilrirarulunioon0ln?i2ir1u, a ' ! * t! a .
rl'.t{olft'Eulflutxu:1{u't o Iu.lflul 1{:0n1[ryr{:un n0{dr a
",
r. rflurirrsrfio{lnfiiaqrioairuriu rarhit',odtryurrirluriodfrlrirlrurilunulnq!fi qo1uIn:.rnrr1oil:!yr1u dolnr:ldiaqrio
air.reirrl rfludruruurn tfifiiaqrioair.rnrrirdo{lndr,riorrld.irulurioroiuriu9 |
', . U' t e a U'
lta?{1u nodt'til03yl1 tndSn?nttacl:cfl unt{u louln
4. 6unru:rnrolrTrlruslo.ru{!urli:Lrirrfnu::4n'lrlurnuacrfl u- "tl lA , a ,JJ au, :-nuyunlnulnuflaon rfl y{ u 1,oilo'ln 1:mou'tyt 0y fl5'l{ fla{ttuuluun{n tuQnulnn
. ie, I !, - i y ij" , !fl1A1U IO{'rU [11t'lyrlr0cl:1{l,r?{tululla? n:ytldulyl tfi aflluo'lfl'l:ytolj tr!trr{, : ,.rr..i ! - I aar l, ." .uln otfla{utJul llJuun{y{0u l0unnt$1&fla{l1:olJnotftlt n ll1n rriilIl0r lria
,ttlnr'rriortrnulurirh?ornr:yrnrirrfi unrunto'l#:l:clwflil1d
ri r 1 riac n r nIn uhj do.r
l4u Yr:'tu nr?o .14"1
l1
-! ^ d 4 a tc e e , 't ,5. fl?:u l un ulru u?rt 0n unluog lna:tnuno{lluu1 l :'lvo'lc a qr, d .:<.7 ^ , ! ."j 9 j I v
dlU1:nnOnllUlIn lltlJ0lUtllUltUit0ittuoutflntu o]flt:nnu lYlfl: ltluttun0nRU.1 'tr{tlnulc[uaon tovtu
,rtto. uririrlulir?olriufin2ruanalovro fiosrnnrirl#ar6{wdufi0e
tt'lrarr?rnaorrilrirarulrqjlda;n2nlraufu6{ren'!fiu6unruuurnaorlririr Inurr re tt t a J I - r ,
lullord5 1{rl1u14r0rl0urvuluu'lq{lnu llj
7 . rfl uuinorduoocair{rhaloulilrirlri'rfinirriruuriu6uaorylrn,!,' ^ ! o a o nv 'J ,i
lruu19t11-ltrtu ou'rro.:fl luan 1nu n :ol'r'r lrrlruun:Jnuuyrl{r6u 1.llld.ilu)t8. n:vudilrluuridtuirrolir.rru'hiu:{rnu'1il
g. rrrirfirirrErirr ru n'l: fi uu'ro:{ rfrov'lnariru ornr:vrnrirhltd- I try
d3n2nua3ann1:nntculcfl a{ lnu'lnI r. d - id- q,
oul{ t: n0luu:r'l0lmuanuuun4u'l&ylnu:un1:n{n0t?uoulrl tnulnfl .l
tlriu dnuor yrir unfi nti rru16cl#rfl u uu ?r0r{r1u n1: fi 015 0llryirriu
1.2 ndnnudrnuo:cdu;rlinrrr6udroslTrlru- !"v c ' , I - !
: cd'ud r'If, nr: rdufi (ruu Supply Level) u o {ri?{nu fl u1u0-.t: ! 6'ud lluurirird.rdruuiu,durrrr',rrirordorvrnliuioh{rirlnorrirnnorriuirarulnqjuv< i ,t "ldr6ufrsrrunrrueiolnr: flnonr2orlirnr:riuirnioeraonqqxnilruynu rnrl!
J o ! - : r ,.'e 4 t a I I :DUUU lUrrlt2',t{qAnl:d{U1 :&nUU',l lUrrUU'rnlUrUUOHlulrrOll'OUrE!',lUUt0rfl',l
, - o'. r, d iu ru,n?1:cnuu1 1!rn1flouvt ltJ lo
n?1uilr! d{ridrritgto.r nr: eir.rrl ruu6ordoursr',,il6,d unuti'l1,
uririrl#q.rn'ir:rriurirrlnr,'suur:ruxrsr'ro.rriu rtioti'rirlnardrnao{ri.rril1dr6uA ,' l. - i - urd < r.,, alrcrlun?lu9t0{n1:tl0!1u 0.t:&9tulrunuolullu?na0il ]nl:? [nu 1ll010{,\lonno{an
rnu t'tl
A! , ; , ,t ! , .s'lnnl:'l.l'lyl9l{t,0. 4'l{lu t9luYl'l.tooumnallullla1uu o'rfl1Hun:solJ
lirqoqnlrnooofids.rnr:ldrt{onr:ri.rir ilioGunlffinotirrurl'ir:!6udrl#nrt< iq J , - l. ' l
lgluYl tuflno{ (Full Supply Level) rJuo:.tln alun oo{lra! nlnri?rtluno0{ri{li1q r , a - latt a Ao y ,a i,
fllU tXtUt]A2 nt&YttllJ:yOUUl trnlttflUm tUnAO{9tt{0ngtunao{noyltl'lnRao{fl{! :,r ,ri, ,, "lirrirarulnqi6llnoon0rnrnidl firJrnnao.rri.rrjrarulnqiu'rirwlnnuirnos.rldfisio
12
,du :volurirlurrririrarn'ir:cduilrl#nrrrdudlunao.r usiosfirfiuslilfiiulurorJ.rrJ - ! ,! ^ - I - !. , , I a
l4u.rl'tJn:&n!u't0r1tJ!::u!'l9r tulluul0&({o{:cnuuu n.luu tu:v?txl.iqgd{ri]flro
qQxa:J:vr1u6{firirhardrnao.rlrjarirrauo 6o'luau?rsrrunerrusisrnr:r11r fou
n2 1n11Un O{nltu 1.1 ?tt OOln ]U U tJ 1 lfl alll lnaO{llAUn tf, lrrrlsrvn UU 1911U
-e ,! ,l ' , n .t, lru d I!I:UX',tO lUrtUUl0UltUlriltrj{"l0i110qna0nr?a1 tllslotn'l: l{ri1ll101rllRa0{rgiuyl
oaonqEaail:syrluud? fiordooafi{rhunisrdou:curuildu,irturuilr',,' l. q
r:runro-luuridr'tridrnir:;duf rl#nr:rfi ufi luna0{ iiilrnnao{riuiraru'luqi- ! a | ." a ! Att r r,laa - i.y d J
lun uu ]t?lu otl'lul,lt 011,0u:&ll'luu11l9lo{n1:vl9l l2 nno:30uu'l lrnlttout[10{112.) . - !"n d i - - !"t d Jilluuutoit ft't'turlflnn'l.tl0lttgnuu'l ltnl:tgtuytx0illt2{lullauteouul lunlfl9uJyl
rt'lunaolfiilrnnaorriuirarulrqi 6o Head Losses (H) torilrvereuruilrnnao.t
riuirarulnqj (Head Requlator) d{fi 6vl!-fl acionr:ltlaroqrirtdrnoourrn
Rrr2iiwfi 0rrolrcio\il'ir tlrr:rhisi{fir.rrufl :.!drf,luurnaolcioirrru. re 'I .a al - J r t I ! " ! ! A el?ttu9rollu?uuul tlfllaouyt9l{1o{14?.:luru IuYtl.intu0u't9tlunlu'luulI0u1 lla?
Ii t I - ! a , u,R?'llJ(rtt0{ulytngooilmnlu0ln:vnuulolu5t:ua1fl0guoua.il nlualnu 0u
LaA , f I - ! -. ,! '- - lct d JnrtYr !0 {11u?t it11u.ls{:tn uu't0'tut15 u!'t9l turllJu'lln'tnultnuu'l lIn]fln!Y|ro{r- At i:ir,r d v y r a d I -
?t ?il'tuYl9t0{n'l: 9rtilvtu [u 0'lluu9r0{d:'t{tltu14:0l10ut&u'luultau r :.tclT{u{llnI u e d J , ore J
1nRA0{U',tts lflart'lflao.uoulroa0nqeYnil:rvrlu llrd$nq21[u1ru31tR?luq{!;y t - t -e I a JJ
10{u'lyr 9t 0{ytoxu0'lnTrnuu'tfi'tu5:tu!1ou 0ua{4nmr rlu nlrraounfl{10{l.t'l! - a i,l u ,
lruiu'lrJvrr.rdrunrfiorirulu olnrrilndrInursflrrClu0!r6iunl4nfi 0ufi.rfifi11il9 "
t ' t' r , l f, y , v J r,J
o o{r rlt 1{Hlutaun {rna]?11.:ou llflnno{rr{u lcr{91o{rlnu 0uo]ux ?{lulu lljuu0c. ! y - lot d i - '; ' i 'iu'l?tlatanu]nlufrlunln! tlaunl:unuu'l 1!n'l:r9ruyrl0illr2il'lu0gnln?19t6$tuul
,,n?
y I a I a ,i q s 9 yf dolnno{tlnflnotantnoutflln?'luan{o{tmul luYllil9tt{flu11u 8'lu{laou
fieirro.rrirlruorndrl.rlrido{nr:airlilrun!urytr{lsidllraou cl n':'luqwo{ril0cy 3 - I - J a 3 ae9to{vlntuntntgn1l 101ufittuxlcl0gulnIu4nvtrtovrl'lufit3({lluInYt9l2u llo
fl ao{rY.tu10tfl alJf, ua{ua!fl u,t unlualnu
ulnll
l3
I
I
I
s+
.!_..)
t
I
I
"--.i *Moln Conal
I/-M
f-oln Cdnol
oln Conol
:."'\ Top of bonk
M6ln Conol6turol vioter sulloce
(-Moln Conol
----....--1-
[r Wclr h1 wa lr
Nolurol Wotcr Surlqc!Rlver ged
lM ni unil{ un cm rrJ{.r m.rf,ua r u1I 3
I
t4
d.rriu nr: rirrun: vdurirl#nr: rfi ru fi roqrixru'irorbioqid rv6'ulndulrrru6rdosnorrurorna6orrarrioXncil.rlilrsnou d'rsis1ilfi
r. :cdudu6uq.:qernrulurtrrlnr{nr: 6{rirflurrhflriilrirt9xa!t!1r'lu sro{n0r:0lr?'r:c6'uriua.u6u\rlniohi tfirfiu'ira.rriutloudo.r
. - iot, d i A r' , '!nl unt&9ruu't txntttgtuynj0{l.t1{1u q{utn ${910{dr1.:olftlrnnul({uitsldunl! r, e o - j ^ J n rrr.y- Iflorlrlilulnlra? fl21annl:nl unr&nuyrunuq{EncI.rrt llt ]o:uullautuytlua{, | ..r, ' i a ^Ji < t ,!'tit ltgticYll tHtl,oal{u llt:olu oytl0{t tflt{n]:xa tgltluu0ua{
,,3. :r6:.ril ro ru!: ru!r gr'lu rniri rdrfi rjiursr ri rilrnil odrx:"urt1nu
! - I ,- ! - , i ry,n rEytlulras!oqnaonqSnl:31{ul rsn!ulrrar :uloluro{nol?u1l'l100'ln
Hydrograph ttai Rating Curve xo{llridlnr{fi 6'wo{1i?{lu
2. oroslluu'l?$o{udil1r!nvxo{nno{ri{drdruluqi
n?:16onIounl:uliurlrfi uurirrioa$twrinnr:4. ll9r{10{l,t?'r1ue A ! a, ' ' !! ! - , d Idt'ti xou:e!'tuu11.t:0tl'lud{ rtnlnflao{d{u lrlulrat0ununl: d:'l{rt,0u:vlJ'luu'l
, ,' 4?l:0rllurslurrfl 1afl 00{fl .rlu1u1'lrrauan
5. il:cmnro{olnrsylnrir slolfiorrulirornrrmndrdrcdgl{n?td , a a I ' . arr < a. trd r u Iriludrulr5oriou:uu'lurir otitlnrsrflursauuavl#rj:cIuru rnan?rnu unuruo
airldurrdrlririrh?risrnrruriurlu u'rr1&ilyiluudu6uaorv'lrnuririrdru,rfiuir,9
lO ll0'lR'ltYlouluu
6. n? 1uufl ngir.rr o.r: vri'u1ir'linrl6ufi t o lrirlru uacrcduir1#n1:aJ. i, ,i. a -:!l0uyl luflao{ynllnRao{dtu'1fl1u 1110J n0{flnt:0112]n'l'tullnflfll.n ottunuu'lllil
rtowrio Head losses 1*l ruorlrrqrrrturhnnasrrilirarulrqjnr:rfluodr.r
1r rriorornr:rm:rurvdrrirldnrrrdrufilunao.rfiilrnnoo.rri.rrirarulrqjliriouy I y - ! I 3 a - lqt d
tta? ogu u01n1r4unfl?1u1tfln01.t10{:couu'110.:tlo.tlu n0tYl:'mtunuul ItnlSlnuA - urrd z.Yr10{r141t'tu toYtuYt
] t ' I o9 d iR1lul]fl ngir{rxo{rsriuilrri'.raol0{u1n tEduil1 rin]:roumtatfl 'lttu
o16.rq.rdu ucirurnto{ilrvqtsuruil'lnnao{ri.rirarulnnjwiiudnnr6o fi rio.t
rs!rudr{ndo{r?ufiuuRU ucidrnrruuoneirltol:veiuirvilao'rlisrlou:v6'!dllddi - ; a i , n
nrr rfi ufi ro{ri2{1u 0sdra{Iniixurfi xuroro'ril:cqreuluilrnRaorrilriraroltqjl* i a .., ! , v e
!vu{ lgtlJu nouao{:cu1uulYlnto{:'IUnun2l.t
jUYIYI 2
otnl:?1?.11U
otnltr-?itlu (Headwork Structures) 6g ornrtd?li1{r,uYt?t2.t1uro.t
In: r nr:riiofi rurirdrfi r;nrirl{nior,rnirl#fi :v,i'uq.rdu fi r1d'arur: orilrirr{r\rjI lalu:sulri'rrirlilurjiurorfislo.rnr:uiu riruu6ufrurir druunsrtou:lrlluuluu
e . a I a - ! o A -r. rd9lu rl'lur!yllu!nu[un:u14?{'tunJurn0uln!nnul n2luq{xo{mlu!nuulfiut q v ts - ! . , i* : i" -rirudlriurfl fiu:rdurirq.rqnlunao{d{ilrIaufl t{ fi .rfi drfitg6oilirurordr'[#nr:
,o ." jv I v(Active water) uas:cdutoryiot&uruilrnnao.!d.rrirvirriu iliuronirfr6olriltrir
,/',n-nao{ltl{ll]1UoqflU Head t 0{U'l lUol{[nu 1 llnsnltn?!quto{ Head Regurator
mulnmo:t luu1
- A" - ) t u , 3" d4 :01R',lt lt ?ttluYt allnqunurnu2t0{fl ur!uutl.lu'l lnuotilnfl oo'Ifl llnnu'l
r., r, f, I e . crdlnrln dluuncr{ou:c!'rull1 rvrrli0'lfllrnrnn'l20rao{nlu20toonrtuu llrul3nu(il
uorfi uldrcarurrorurir,r?rnnsrriui"rd:vn'u r.s.r- }{lrinrldfi rrun uonrrndA - -i e v , !r, -!a:enunl{.lyl0]n1: ?{luu{rnu?10{nu:!n!lu:tlJUfl{utn?u o.ruu0{0&no'l?
- id .' , JlqY{-lgo'tfl 1tH'l{luYtnllJolnl:rnultYlluu
2.1 slu (Diversion Weir), a. i . - o lJ n u
H',lu froynu!rnuuocyrxgrulunru{l$rld:1.r1'r1{fiuilNrir1xalifl nony ,! . .' . e A lay t - l, -n2'lIn21{{0.llruu1 oltr1: u:0al?t?u tyloflnut lH({rru!]n:unuutunnnlu
r::umo'1#rirlnau?rnoorri.rrir'ldr6ufisrrunrrudornr:oaonqqnl:xailryyrlu
ruavrldou'l#rJiurorrirurndqotolrirrirrio:l?uronirfirn6oldrrnnl:rnrJr!yr'ru
ln a du {ruhutllrilnulrirfi nnerurAufl ru ru{s.!u.uilyirur uiu 6u aolylrnr rririr,' .! , !olulltuou ll0ittlluuu
r,lrufi naruru^nuarigrJdr.reinln'u ueilnuurnlrJdntordruorrfl upJ
arrurn6uuuiodrndorunrrrX'[erurl:suru rhuair.rrtruiaqfl aluru'a niu dtL?_rit9AaCaE.hYaylfll tu nu mtlu nt?fi ltl{tan u tuq tun:3o1u floun:oa?u Buno floun:nA c t t - '!rtlruruan lraco't0d51{n1u?d9ltlralunaynu
l6
C r uri rurirdfin riu rirniu 16ur tirriru r ueirJ rio u}{rirln a{ru1:Jlddr
R'no-nuorsrooiruurtrtlo'rfi docirqrrnliru!Errunrlnu:Jnordoair.tCrududru.nyl", .r - J I l
lsilsnsnr:lttnto.rrir'luiirrirrirbiilrriuqr uavrfio:vdurirqln'jrdudrurirocGu
eirl?urorirfiluour
" " 3 v l, d I e t 1 ,h I dt Y - ! o]u a tu 1 0'lu 1 lH aulr'lnnm ?udufl tun n 0't [Yautu ounn?urtutlluuou n{uu tu
rorsfirliurnnirurnfiqoroliirri'r'lrararnuril"ro;rirududrua'nfiqo lraeyi?u, ,ll a j, 4 a w I
uHunudo{T{lnuuu'l9r]ull4u0u110nr{'luan 0urna0u0:'lu]flul4'lu lnlll:'luDUuu, J u - i,u, ar.'
flruyrrnr{ rau r llJ 0{l ru({lriohiaiNhi':c6'udur,lruqrdlrl6'un6.rurjrirrdslri
'[rir6nrirrirrururnlunarfi fi rliuronirurnfi qnlunnornurfur0r odrlrfi6Cruur.rc ltru , o cr, 4 - A
ll14it0l09toilu:cnudufilud{ rvr0vr9lulcr{ tilau1u0u luul{q0 ]ilq{o't:unun0!u , , inra i' ' . t 4 I A'lr,rariirnnor rt.rd rkirfr ufr niulu nr:rJ q nfi rnfrfi aosu o nqqdurfl ueiu ucitYr
A a , a A a,- I i t ..t^ ! , o vluoorlqeHuflrotlJouU:u'r0lu'lu'1nfl6[n I nfla1nu10&Yl'l tl'rrnou'lYl?uldull'lul]a?
! a - i a u u t ' re a ,, d!n0soofl lllJxr.lluuurllutunYl00nfi toantcnurtufl lutl?uxua{ lnu:0au un{
uourru'ldro{ (collapsible weirl rnaobTfi riolfi rirtvlra{rurlrolndu dlo;nn- ! , i uyrl6urirdruno.rarld fl oqriuldfi nr:oonuuudruur{6ndlliuududru rrdur?u
drotrnnnruqu'lnunr:onnuullrnvildouau0on
2.2 lx0Utculutit (Barrage, Diversion Dam)C I a. ^ ji ,, u
11,0ut&u1uu1 nomruurunfl u.r$.rfl :1{n?t.rriuvrrrdrlralinasnv ,3 I
n.)run?1.rroillluur ryronnrirl#d{f,un1n:eet'xillilnn'srrur:ruils' l#rirltnrrir, iuv< i ,
na o{drdlleirdufr fl runrru6o{nr:naonqennilrryllu uauil6iou'hi:Jiuruilrriru,! a liulnto{!ruu'lr.r:oI:uruurillr4 6oldotnnr:tn:J:syrru'1roriru:io.rrsurudlro{
rdouhlld letuhin:snun:stfi ouf,R1ilro.rrrn'urirnrur:rurrq'druruu'orirror
rrj0uulnunI J y i = . , ,I 4 . ,trloutruloulal:'l{llu lnunl:ltlJ{fl?tun?].lt o.l[uul00nl uno{1 n?u
norjs lourfi'r1'rjn{uriora; 6.00 u. 6{ rz.so u. udo;fidriouiuudlrdiliuloldldfr.Ad,rrr,jltnirurioufr urnusotiou riol:slruilrrvu'ir.:noriorlnrioliuluil:ug (catc)
fl sr1{ doorrndr,i,turrrrurirriruhluiondsun{ur{onnirki4nrui', lr,rarrirlnqjuarnur ururJ:r4rdou4nulu0eQnunduqoi'urv6'urirdlao.r{rr r}iouhi'rir
17
xarirul:J1r?16ufi Inu:c
srrutr:umGurnriulil, d lJ - - J - ,, ,
lJ]UlJ:Uql10{[10U:UUtUlilcu{UnltUnnU?tU'lU:UUlUUU UIll:'t.tgn{t1
f,u rdurfl urru,6rrofurr,pld,ndurufiurYr (slide Gates) riorfl uururdoelilId.rA st et r r., d :r rt d
(Radial Gates) c[(ltl:1.lO2U1rtq n]UIUn IXU [U tllAn H:0 llJllAsltlAn:?UnUe A ! , A ,' t e,o'l[louu!0.1:3uluu 1fi aluio{ ltagruot?ufl ?]un2'l{xo{Ylnro{tt1n?u
u ur4 ,t ,! ,t - !;rt 3 - !nu tornoutr{1nrn11 fl2l.tlto{uu1-lllta? n?lud{lJo{tcnru'lY[tut u01nt!fl uu1
a r, . I A u, s te , ! !nflqluf ::ur19r (Affltx) frluruu0rl'l1oilrlrou0& luulnun rlnfl]xo{rsu]uu 1Yr.:
u e , y ,! - i Al.lUgl:?UnuttalttnUn?lfl?lUn?1{x0illlUu'lU'lnAffluxiglnntuUln fl'lUYl
I e i a ny' r d !- yA a qna'l2r'lualunctHu l9l?''t ,l lulrat[10ut&u1uu lultu lYtlHlJoun llfluanuucn'lil- a4riu*'rfi qorauricr'rrnvn'llu6reiuluei2ro{riuro{
I . o, ! , d. ' a { ! .ocuunl:raon lrolRlrmnul 2'lR?rlUuH'tulfi o110ur31r]uu't 0iIfl2:
9ads.tnrr:orrrrndntlrsit{ dl d..:siol:1fi ,
l. ltqnnlrultnsu:u10ru'l10.tuuu1 0t:rnuu1llas rulBrultlo.ltlu! - , ur, d I a t r ar A IlHUlnlr to{l'lullns:1fftl2 01n1tnou'lfr?:rllu0l'tuulnn?llllun out!lJ]uu1 tlttl&
0saa{'ru operation arlslurn Inuhicio.tl#nunouflnrflnlrurl:rtrilu'ourdou
:exruir irrc'lfl o{rud ruhJro l Inus'n Iu u-cl'
z. rsduruiu6uaory,hnuririrrirurruoorirlslrirlru tlrruiu6ufi rvriu
rt{ ,i'lfir{rdro''rnrrduri"r:ln6nrur::unsr'orovirruhifirriorirlhiurn hirfina q u Ler I d, ' - !
n1]UtflU?t'tul.t: ouonnu tn{1u o'tfit:rnu]n2:nlu}llu n(tilulurirrndrflunrrru60!lq9t a, .'v t, - r"lr,
14 ?yl{r'lu0rofl 0 n!8lt1r.r 11fl1uruu olnlmnu lnuu1n 01ufl unuu: !nunl u'lYlYtu
dro'rnrr6rri',rln6nrurr:umGvirrurrriu6u'lrturn uririrororil6uuuu?6o'lH6'lil
yrrrduld.iru uiodo.ralr.:f,uduilq.tr'rn ornrrnqiln?rrflu,durrrr',rri.l ,nr,,tfin Afflux doun'irr.lrurravalur:0R?rquryduti'llffin1'r d.ruiulurirrndrfluvj.r
A - , ,I: ,1",- la a, a:1U cr{:cn!ttflunudo{fl1nlluu101rY{:'t31llJu1 tuanlj1n o'lfllrYtoul0iullullrou!J
truluu'tvt{l{uni- , e ,.'a -3. Anu enuglu:1nmfl?illu olyto.trruu'lllJuflunlu
vrnrirnr:rfl udru usirirrto{uilil"rrfl u6urtom:ru olnrrnnliln?:rI , u <oy - q - d t eu1 0ulrt t: noflo.ll101:ol-l 0nuourl:3ftou6lu
6'rrirluurir:'rrfrr,nriuirrurduulria.rn'ir:gdudlilnei'
nunlu 01n1t
flj
u[1,0u:ulJlu
18
I I
i5
3:!! 6^l&
:9.r;
-:.!6=: c FE; E,i:'1566E
t(l6:(-G(-GI)a9
)=GE(-?Fc-
rS
-rEI
-,1
l9
:.!i.3 ;Et!EE3 -E: - 3ri€iiErE@dz()o>L
o@@oo@o eclF
=(-G(-Bs
)E
=)t2GI_aF
=(-
N-'E
e
20
J ,l , y t a !A- c4. n1l U{fl.{O'l',lr10{d{nod:1{ rllul ualnltnoulYlun?1u111{u:{J ' - - A I n "r.l e e euun{nonl:n:vrun:v]lnn0]n'rnqHunmaou lulsu tnouln uoc01f,:'l{n2u?-.Iq
, a q, . - ! o ,lJory < , r rrqo't'ltQ nfl a n?alnlttla?tcu olq lut'luuuu12 n{uu lultuulltu luc{tll.l:o9ru lu lfliu,. I cJ aLlHaaouulljluln fllu0cnn11tt0u:uU1uu''l [Yt5'l&ufl2]uuun{n0n1: ntgYlu
, d, r Ai "oey , t a Iq 'n: yrlylnulnn'I1 uacr udlnrq0u'lirl.ru{!r{n1 lHfio{dt1{rl1urlju0'lR'l:nnu1 lul[u.lt.
lJ'lU fl 2U nOUn4 U Ofl O{AUU 1
f laa li.r .r ryIt,outt:J'luu tnt uoln1:mnu1Ytufl ?]u01?:numlullneuo]q l1'llu
, , , s I aJ a au1?rnu lou2nuFl lurltlJ 0unu []rt'tufli 0{d51to?u'l flqol2tcr{nnqnno noun:flt6ltrJ
da r, lerflan unlrfl1u?0loontlulJrracnl:nodfl{lnuQnflan?I'l llnl anuuulro{tlxou
rEUrudluouul{ndrdruuacrirudrurr',ur',ndqn6ourur.l:rqroudoudr"irqnd urrdu - !
tflult1u Innlu?910flu na0uu lulxur t ) r, - Jr v.r Is. iaqrioair.r6rrgrrldavornluuirrorrirlruun!fr lndrdu{ri'r
rinoniruuuavdlndrdu.rfi ciubfluqjqnu 1n:?oyrrlurra&fiulnqj16'irtr nr:1#
rlrurfluornr:yrnrirru:rsalxlnTiruuasdcnlnn'ilrdou:srLrurir i.r,l',ni'ro,du,ln'ydtd
ruulurir0eeio.rxu ri.riaqrioair.r6u rriu rlufi ruuriuasrHfi nu?r'l'il
o. 6rurun^u.r4rdun'l:a{{uriodixuav:irllinur ruaorornilruairl'ld
iruuoa'ldiaqrioalt'hjuvrllrnnr{iourdou:curuir 6.rfi:rnrqnn'ir uavuonorn9r0!U:1n18nn?1[[A2nlU:ll1:.1'lu[tncnlI'lIl:nUlrjtslil! (annual operation and
maintenance costs) toldrufirloun'jrrhu Inxnr:ta:l:vyrrulnfifirturirar4urio9 t r ...r' - o9r a !
d:1{n1!:H1r.r'ru rraeR,l l{lrnulursrlljuou n?: n110lt lld]uujuolnl:Ylnuti,
fl luyr nd12u'ryr.rfl unfi il o 0y dliluJi uurfi uu{o6unsrTorduroldruuavd luv- ilflouttrlu l tgln{u:
rhu (w"i.)
toor , Urt .dtyl. fllud:1il l9l.r1U :1n10n fllu:H1:itlurrasnMEtl:nullj:U01:JUOUr c ;, , - -i !2. rl''rulrrj.:rr:{llirr un{fl on1:n:ununtslrylflr'lnxflq?tun Ytaou'tu'l
m'ki6urn
:. rlruhifi rru operation qilurnnr:rrdruosrftioutirirlnodruhlld
ro.rlnuonluri6
rlordu
r?or?u
r . rl rurirhi'r6n Affl ux q{ iro rovirur n'u 6u aolr,lrnuririrdru nru's? , - "",^u'lir0{ ruaflyll [xlnnfl 1]urauH'lu'ld 6.rair'rdruldrnfl rulu!r{ris.l: ,Joulvlluu
z. druvrnrjrluurjrirhild'4n:rri'ufi do.rnr: 6o:sdurirnrfisduCruov, a: o n J, , ,,a ji.
o{ 4.rniodrrfi ull:uiuriouudrusirJiuronirfr lroururnniorlou hj- l.y
d1UlrolJ'rn rsa ul lo
3. nrzFlyl'lutla3fl rnoud'lHaur;rLrirlur,rjir 0vnnfiunrn^nodn1{
drurrfi orirto.rrho uavorouqnr{r'hJlunno.rdcri',rillriouuod,, d , Ju,uq r- Jy
ou''r{:2nr:? fl a0{0!d{u'l ]u tnfl lurJ:u1Brvta0{fl lfl racrdufl 11n
21
aonna0{
v a! d9rlUll4U0UlltOt[I0Ut duuru
!t outcu'lt 1 (Barragg Diversion Dams)
10fid I a i;o a qrt 4l. rl,ou:vuruu'lnju0'tfr1:flfru'lmun1luo'r?:YtuYllu !01q ]t{'luuu
u1?rfl rrcslo{rilu2ruoonrruurrovrioaiNdrunrru:ounoulquonqe' ' tt A a A dJ
14An111 rtnt [x'tdqn0d:1{Yllll{tr:{mqollaunnEn- A ! lq ,lry luy - Ae2. rx ou trlJluulnnu't ]u1ruu1 ]n({u1ntl0uflnr.l'l 16{nr!n)JY|no{nl,
r q, , I uv 4e - irrsllnu ITUlUilryq11,0ulJ{nu 0{x{nuul [annrtRA l."y- n ! t u
3. rl,ou:vurulirrirlrirfin e.ffiux risu ilroclilyirurduEuaolilluridr
4jr
hi fi ilqrr6oler&nouyrrluilQnl{rlillunoorri{dry{:rrhifi qynou
yrllufl nfu 0uo (im r.rslru rru'o rirt olrdou
operation u1n urrleslo{irfrrrrirfi nounruqrL
A lr,J ' -A !l. tlloutguluul lulrufttflonltflr&yluntlllmnn]nllo{ unmaou lltl,d.d
!uu1u utug|lr,0uo10r1rnllae]fl u oilarrnsionr:fl nrfl nrfr srnnrir
ung:ultluu'ljv
2. tllou9lo{n15.t1u
orranr:fl orfl ouru:l:sordouodxlndfio
22
Attte3. ttlou.r&uluu'tu:lft'ltlytilu'ln nltoonuuuIrarrioairlriou1lrlurn
I I j v o , { r?4. riouirurudrlxurEfr 0&dirrlufo{n=uu'uuri! lnurnnrvrriu'[uvjr
:lUtYtlUU
2.3 il:ceRn{o'rrosdru
rhufi airrlurJ: vlylfl 'lnuunvei r{il:rrrafi rarurfi n r{rdnuorcrilirrfi
rufl nei r{f, uurnuruurnfi 0vil 1!rnri lllilufi dlduuo tlrrsrrri.ril:vrnvrro{rlru
Inu n'orronornSanfi 1#afrqrasiinr:airudrocfi rlruod + :l:crnm6o
iltuiaqg rhu{tntn rhuriouittottt uacthuottt
t. e!ruizqq
dru*rqqrflurhururnrf,n r,rnirqllrjr6u 2.00 rufl: air.rdruiaq, J . d u I h, u, u,
cir{1 fi{riruurnrflutollilorr: uiu fr.rhi uHl'lri 'hIn:soru rar!1 n:?nuat
nrru nru:Jn6ov'l#rar'h?sronaruur{ouirrfluln:lrlru udrl#fi.rhi n:10 uns
vr:rurfl ukilhu rirtidruuriufiu,,ur:Jrrrillnu Inufi rarl#nirrhln:vnru unc
un r'h1rfl u rnC s rdn ur ur uT hi hfl rid ru q nrirn-n x q n l:Jr J a e c " t o e d A l.
HlU!?qQU3trl.tnUUlnfllUAlU'l Ar?t?UlUlnrAn rfloYlnUl lnlrXCl
- l; , ur a, ht . 3n ,il : Erru drriuu'ofi rvrrvrJ 6 n hju rnrin ueifi o rq'l#.rru hju u vr oo'{12nrf 1lx qi
lrarnrnrrrlrtrocunnilaruhlfl ua rirl#sls.rair.rdulnrilnfl nrrfirlrufirqqunnI d. t Y o tt <tr. d 4 A -ll0'tu{'lu[lJurflt'lvd:'l{0'lu?rl9l [u01?: 0{ tunoulrl,.ltl:ill.t:otdouqun]ilr1il{
i ru uav hi i rni s.rd nrufi orln: rdruuarldil ru hirrri uru rriunsnoirdui",, r, c u,. . .dJ.e rr J , ca
mlunr!1rdu1 lun0u tn ef 'llflqlfllnqo n0u1{11u tytll't tltH 1u1?qq ttnnnalu{ ]unfl0
1rifinr:flo.rfiu6yriuanr:finriro',rnuori', ril:tgn:crrarirfilnannrrndurlruu:.r! - ! t ly ,' ! r f,urn u10gflryltrnlta&nq uyro{ulnruynuurto':Hru q{q]u nn'tcrflun:rottar
qrql a 9 q rl .. oru r jYl:'lu llt [1] uflquan]taen?1{ tltruuuYlnm nt?nltacm:lu tofllfllu0ynianu1(flquu
lulri#r1ci'6'tlrurvrfluft,r:rlnqj ruao6'edruhifisrl::o.riufirinr(.ruour,,d.qnriru , "! ! - - . i . ! , ,, !
flnltglflfl:Ernn:80'lu Itl u0n0rnuur'tu{nnlitn'luqa!ro{lii't t6'lur[luu'l{o{rl'tu
d:uunvqnnrur{rhjnreird ruqnfi rulud qnfl ndru6odrudildrurdousiofiun6r
rvq nrfifi ntrn rhufi ocl#mnirlrj ki6 nci olil,nrrrilorlrutlnrrriorlrnrfl u
23
- ! 9t t L ' e e s 4 4u11ufl a{uu ulJ11r-lluY2qqul{tll1.rivdrt.r9l?u?dqn0u1'l{10'l']:?t:o0't't:nu{rrglo
m a r u tJ l ri.i r u I n u 6r r'r,r a n r : fi n ri r a r u r o.r ri rdr n ri r r fi
r:fuJrr?'oo"tl
-Lfr,
$iiI
r{rr rAr\ rI
l-
r:riuJrfir a *rl
r:fuGrtrt
Foiclna
rlfvJrrn!odrn
IIUU If o,aou
nt t:
alr rai
IIUU T
r:iuGrn0ol}ra
llvu lr
r: Iu Jro.r0o otru
scl
ur ri
: lM 32 C1uff1qn
24
z. elwienen.: d, r d e o t J '-lnurJ'lndlus?fl:1?r urlrulrulnlnnlrar nnuurn6runurlrur?q0 ]lnu
L d d c, | , I u t eR?'ruuuR{tll,l.lll: {llaEUolq lxt'luulu n? I lfl:1sfl:'l.to?u'lf,qnou11{0'l?t11: o
r.r , Lel/re a a d I t ^ I io11: l9llln tfl'l llr lLin:ufi1u n:10fi:ofiuran ua3ulrnt:d5't{ :coloulnlu tu0
t , v99, , i" ao.:l2n1u'l ll,ttu lflaflalnultltu nfltulllu ta olnoug[outcrudlul0{H lulltl:91 H:ott I e d c, i.
rQ nulllnxqna0u trlul.iogrdu0lra?010u0]q lr{]u 0'r ' 10 d?u1,0.rFl'ruvlltlau n
irviuriro(irduoqc nou
^ . !a ! -yrrlu lu a'lu rGr.rulyrflfl1u10ild1'lilonrio{'ir{1u6'rdru t]arqnyiu0uodml{911u
nru'orirtolrJru narurfluliruuyr:ruornrhuoon'l:l1na rirhidrurrilufiuua;u{r
It:{u1n1u
I
::IuJrriiorlr!
nlT,r rrrlil
lrlnr:mtn1-rrl
Lr
trr0rnurl
-rlo rtir
nrrrlrSn
,-rit!.ul$
llllu I
11
''a
llrru ]lI
norl1la$fu u!
r:IvIrurio rtr
r:lurhf-ro ru
!ru! [
arorhir
:: lrrrlru'iorlt
rrrtlonlnrllu r.oo - 2.oo !r.
l,'r'rl Fo.ch.. ro,20'orao!.
TA
nal't-G.lr- -
Ufi a. ,'r ,l'ruf1 nl1')
J.' .:,
ohi-nott{1
3.OO- 4.50 !
6u{rur
atrn::dui rhu*ru n:'12 {u
urhi
3H _ OH
s. ilruriouixatat
orurJn6rhuriourlr.rnrr:eir.rrhurar'hi niorar'h?rJufi ulnqj rarhifi
ldrflurarrurnlnqifiturnrdurirqutinor.rrf.rrroi o.zo nrsr: duIJ nr:rioairlfi
rl : c fi fl ur nn'irrl ru#2Rrr2 rvr: rv orliurhuilrunrd6{fi n?ruor?: n'jrrhufi2qer l, i ' y e o ed I a ee
ttavHlux?n:1?Yt no 1?ullta ?uln fi 1n 0ue u aunvu'l1r: nu't t?t n 0urf,u001!u0'tti 1T
srulei6.r zo fl 6ooun'jrrarh?fildrirrhooE4fi'rlil r{uusirlruo=r(.rnarulrJriou| ) ,!
rlr:'lun4q qn?fl u0ulrl:1utl: illYtluu
rlruriourTlnrr:fi z ru'nfio ilrumt"hi unsrlrulinonnuI ul 1,
3.1 ilruld'l lU (Log Webs)d, , A v o v : i uvr udrufi rvrrgovaf rrluviolo-ufr xrrerhiruroluqjldirolavfi.:rnr
on fl'luE::uoldrurar'h?rfludrururflnarr6.:rurerluqj g'rrJ:rtrror 3.50 nJert4 .t t e L J;a, -o'l 4.50 lu9l: tlluouttuln [la, diltuu]1u110{u'l11l unufl:ovl:1u noud:'1.:?l'lu
e , A d , ! .ioya u, ee,, r.e039r0{1olt0{nu : oYttluyl0{u lltns alnna{ lH[tuullay to:gflun ltal lllf,l llJ
,' t t ! t leto u d 4lu19lrfluFr'rfluunnl.lsr{rrsr 0.20 rufl:flu'lilrjGrluur{ocyr oru r n4nnnurruyisr
; , I * o,s e !flnoqfl2l nirirro.rlio{ilr Ieruhilnuraro{mr{drufiruil'lrdlo'[rJ rirunr:6ulrar, J .oy^ < J, Yi"
SAnUtguu 0v111 lfltnnt ultu?llu d1lttu:1llr:n ntclrm nllanu 1m luaqn0lndufllu
uav:10{riuhil#n:ruarirtuilru fi'nrirnruduri'o{drd'rud'rurlrul,i' drolrudorry v !r r ! - y oy h,gl0{d:1.1u1? [I0u dntl,910llI]Ia n1: nnyl'ln1u10{u'l !.1910{ ttldt lu21tn0nufltu
u1?xoruetu I"rhilou,o',ru.rslufiotivrrlstrurHu'otitfrlLilorurarto.rsludrrlsio'hl,t9!rr,o-'y9:
n1{alum'ruu'lrrluo. lravfl o.rllrrtxn nufl 00nn?tuni1tlo,t yt0{u-tflntultn?
:ud z.s clurdTlI
26
drnL
Jin - ' o ! ,
= n1lu d.l10{ lm tfl afl nnlnCf Ut'l'lU0.lvl tl'lU'i,re'!
= fi1'ruu'l110rrllufl 'lu9rluYnu l0tnltualaFhu6{iln1ufiu L
n1:nlln 3H o.t 6H
! ' e e lr - ! -liud1UnlUmtuill.r{lnn0lnnllurfl1xnnultoun0 xnu a1ullfl?uu u
- a, ! -n v ! eua | 4anu slllrxuru ln fl'rlunititx0.txuuu [o0{[Yllnun?luut?1,o{rd1llf,iovllo?}l:o
rj:vrru 3.0o rufl : 6r +.s0 rusr: rdo}idurJrurhurlrurirrrdr6lairrdrrlrulould
rar'lfrrrGurf, nfiuuavfiu6'urfl udur1#Inurarvlnduo{rnrrrirurirurir uuelnu! , ! - i y ! 4 qydr a u r .d . c
tcflx0.lTugll{cl glil lnnlyluli0't1i'l X:0 trilrJUAln l: I ll:01Ufl?llvloyt]tlju0]Ot e ", Jauv " u | ",
o I - i 4 ,
tllufrluliluuln tgl rllr:!alnHlunlurllu 0ul0slnqxuto{91lufl?'llJl:u?x0{[fl10q
rrdrlusr'r ucilnuurnrcfi rl#fi arorlrrurgl t,a
fl lu"ron:r'i1{rarldn:rnrliofiurf, nqnb{uriu rrosrdorirL?drurr{.r
lrl{ruldrdl'lfrumrdrrilqudnal{ 0.r0 urnrf,i'nriunir?'l{nrlrur'lnd 1 fiuJ. L ! ta
lflurrl11,0{r]flnuru lnur,dnnunnnuuunurdlaua'l{ rl'r1.r:urd'lTulJucu.rlIun'ln, ! ,t - uy r cy| a idruriudslnnrarhinjrruaruuurlfrlunlutru:.r lv{:1!dr'lxari1uu:{uacor0tn
duhinSo.qrlnaaouurnremurld drrarl:i'dl.f,rnrdrurflu'hlruruavrlruriorouoqild
,irr',r,,d. ds.:1#rarh?ilnalluriolrirrflu:sus1 rudodqrarh?drrJruuavdurJrufio rt",oy i u,t:u.l t? ]u lHaoutjuu-l lq
s.z r.lru'ltlnonu! Qrib weirs)
rlrutlnonnrufi airlusirril:crnnurn drurfiqdrilutfi osaitlu#or
6udurrn:rnr,aafiuln jld.iru rriuorucluuririrrirn:eim 1r ur, -r a t ,9 t at9 )
Hlu luflonl1uu 3 lruuno Hu luflonfiufiqno uasq1u lunonvuna')
r.z. f rhuh?nonnrynneio (Continuous Crib Weirs) ollr,,rri,rrl,, q .liolr.,a ln, t e J
0r?f:'r{ lu0'lu1r0uu1 tuanulnuainrsrrdul tuu:{un : ooxo{rlluflatudlultlouut e . ! e e ! ! dc;- dc.
tta!u0]nH1u0uYt'l{lo'lulltu ou 1 fl?u a10fl'tugr'luytluu luuu'l{nnultayul{r,lnm'la ! -nlllululJU ln
cr'rrlruairufl unondruduunarunonclnciofiu Ioul#rartirnf, uunio
naururnrdurir(urinar{ 0.25 ruor 6.: o.:o ruel: 'n.t1lu#o{irrflurrorl }Jorl. J I e ee e t ' A a
n?1uu't?t 0{4lu1 llflaEtt0?0coo.l tltflll1n]u9tu1l{tflonu tuo't'l{]d'lnJulto?1 ntu. Y yd * .I-
n'l'luu1?tJo{alu1tla?n21.ttal1tllutlo'tcl 9lltJlJ?1{1o{iilulytutlu?ln1q1uu1?tua'l
J C.or- c i Juull,toytl l rnnr!unonfllHauuflalunonfl6fl0nu l11ny2'l{rtnfl'tuul'luayfl1rJ{2't{
- - 4 ! , li d , uy a v t i,dnun l uYu cl lxuuluulltou cl tun210t [nn?1!({l1o{lnon ton?dluYtgto{l{ I a ,!, a ent: nonarfiAuu Sonno nflurflatu flo&nonurulnn?t{u1? :ru'tsl 2.00 rusll
6'r a.so rusr: nrulunonu:ifiulnqjlirdu uacldn:rnfliofiurf; nqnwonrrnir.r
fi u fi u lnqjl#uriu rl rufi aix Iouiidosfi nrruriu n.r rfl : rgdrrl rufi ilrc nous1':u
d aa c a ! ^! q , - !u"tn0nu{fl.rlu?lu hliuu:t qoglgluuuuulflunuln 0r9r1u1lluur{nurJo{1.11 16 uacldl
uyio , .r A q ,tyu,nr, l- re, Ar'hTfr ri rn onuu orrirudnriulrqi lihibiqri r6'nrqnl:J rfi o ldeir{R0nnUlnuur: q
fi ulrqj aolrounouldgrJdrufi do{nr:udi rrrl#'h?n:cnrurlfl erarndrorirurru'o
ri"ruacli'rurirrioriuululn6nfind.: rudorlo.rfi'ulrih?rirr{nfiu1nq!duuuxqoua!d . crr, ' a J; ' , or^ t e t y a
rnoyrl trfirlouuuytuulr'lfi]ugi'lc]uuln u1{tlli{0!1#6unUn{1rcflu]flrunlullru o
riruocfi rl#rfl u nln l :2 0lnf,urhuortJ6.rriouirrdodeul#rhuuilun'udrdu
:.2.2 nhu'h?n o nrqrdur (Separate crib Weirs) d ru'h?n o nnXrdurdu r r ue e , q " i i- 'runouru tnfl:t{nuun rlarnllJUflfl!yd:1.r [ua lu lm ud r'hau:r0aonreat nrr
ee.i'dJ-etdl'l.r0ccro.rYrlflonHUlun0ul unonrnu? ululnnal{u't'Ilr3u'l0l 2.00 [u9tt
6r :.oo run: l#h1n:cnrunrfiun0nuoudr{nonyi{ + rirurirfiulnnilrrin{'lu, i oay 1u",, J ,4.
n0nfluttgiTtoR?:frosrirhinontlrirl6rvirriu ud2n-{ilrnonHUlilrrsaulufouir
irnJnnldon,irru'rrro
a{fiacnonrdudrdoulrl oun'iroc1tfl1:Jrhuiido.rnr: sirorrslo{rNn*rOru',u,,o,v ) - ! e ., - - Jlunsvr:r{ounuiloruf,u n1r?r.!non?r{do.rbinoninriufiqn unvlill#firt'reio'ld,aItlt?1.1fl ont0{!ul]aul]o?gl1.t .l ogltjutlu?lnu?nu
d ru'hIn o nu Xlnurnllly urun o nfl X n'neio (Continuous Crib Weirs)I .y y ! n at a a - <ryJ ! ,, ,' ! a ^uu09fl:'l{uuyloitul!r{tuuou Yl:]u n:?o 1.110fluntoyt{tlu 6'lyronrilllluou
n:1u flionr?er orrlo.rlnaonfiolriraltl6n:l:yutsl 1.00 ruelr fi.r t.so rucl: udrr qrd y ! ! e .rt A ,t I y !
uoir IHrr uunl:1n 00nr 0.!u 1u 0c0to{ lliu'l?y{on0sflt'ltltuliluul1l0{Fl'tu9t001nst2
rlruoonlilrhu tirrtorirrflufiufi'hi6rrfludosair.rfiu#ruri'r uoirar#uriuqnfirirt . ^ e i - nY ,
"no nuugio{Anfr adufi un-uhiuiludruadnrniurvlnrsuy 1.50 tufl r 6{ 2.50 luet:
rlSotflorei;r,dufiuhirfl uior r'rt{ol.rrardurixqnu,luiuori, uacrds1illfliilir
drusirrlrul:Joruuu?:sri1'rrdl#utirrqnfiufiu rcld'l#n:cnrun1fiul{r?rlurirglrudrunrfiorir Inuil.r:Jaru'h?n:ynlua{'lu jo{fiuudrqndrorJufiruueiriulr:1u
28
:: fiu:irrniocru u::1iulnqf
llnr:arur,l0c::fiurhrlru ru
lx rra: l:ru rrrli11{i1!U12 inrtn:nTragrlrhrsnrrtlt,r
rUil 2.6 continuous crib Weir lype I
r: IuJrrulortro
llnr: m!,/ !0r
t:fr-rJrfi-uluutrlGvtrq)
:'r'i,nt2, t \ra{r7rri1!!rz
r arlrirtr r'r! ! ?1nl2t
rllvr 2.7 continuous Crib Weir Type II
rM
tCuJrrlr!o*ra
:i'hr{0trlefltql
r:iuGfrotro rar\ii'nalazrr
nt?illt1ll
retlr'21lrul'r2 llnYEoi qu Cv
2.4 Continuous Crib Weir Type III
f,u
29
eiru nr:usi.rnjuriouirdlrfl ufi uhi'6uudourtrhild,ru'uudrdsotirdufl u6unio-!, e t It Y ! ,
n:'lu n{uun0u0ed:t{Hlu 0.l910.rld'lr?!IlJanuu!fl0{Ytoilutoul{arr0un llo?
ruru'rudi'r{nonnuh?flunonr{rfi'ulrJrio.rrirotir.16fiqo rdsldaitdrrlro,,urd,,r!9eqerirurirttdr scaio{rirnr:flo.ttiusro'rtsriirrir @ank protecrion) u?trslCrurtru
rh u *r q q nh o fi r n : r r u a c rl r u ri o u rlr { ol. r ri., rJ : r m n uio n o { lu n r n
rhuhinrr:rt'rfiu rn:1!dgr{ri?uiaq'hiorr:uavtrnnr:rlorriu6ninatordr nrruv ur , I uuri A " e t d .r,
f ::ufi1?rl9l lu0'11:u0urd0uqunlTIr.llr{ l9l{tu luoululrlrl{rl'lu0cu0lq lT{lu
rlu ou1.: t: nn01t,'lnn1:il0{nu0yrr11a10.!u trlal f.l'ruYrrlrl{91'lu?tl9lfi0ul,'liln1?:A s d d o, J . -nY' a @
?t:01d9l0t?lnolnrolq tx{lu<lufl :0 { [9r{lutlruounu, A t t ! . tr ia ' ry
fl lumdf l.uuuuiluxto!lutln${u'lsutl]u [o (pervious formdations)
, C t a a a J c t- - !, rrnu nulr{l unu Yltlu flr0n:20 uutuoYtoulu:saufllqnuu1uoullu'lu]u lranln
drudirr6'urirqcnNdrurilf odrto.rrhu'lilddrudfi ,rduritcirnrrdrurirurir
ruu2nNfi li'r0v'Iil nnlnmr{druruu'olrJ{druriroirfi d.rciol:Jd 6ou 4 al,I. lBnc[uaoo [nsirdrurtnvvt'urhu
z. lnadur?rudru
r. lranrqdrucr'rdrutdyA,-trJs4. t?tacrurlrlfl nilfi 'tu:lnfl lum{ 2 1,'l.l
,.dru*rqq rhufirn:rr uacdrurioudlrorr:'hifi nr:rlo'rfiudrnr'nalsuhdlnatrl
! !a -nn'gtllJltu?l'l'litYl{ 4 u 0{ n tn{'lu
uu rr roi r thrirln adrua onlcldrd rur ravdu il ruldu:.r irorr flnuas
nrr$er6ulgirlrufl Qnoon1il1d lufi qnovrfi nrfl uIu:rdulsillru rdoeird ruunvdu
dru'hifi 6u:or:-urlrurvmlnudrfiwaru'1ili Ji, e , , i 'l ,' 3l <,
uu7nNn 2 u'lvl [uaautltJrllu [lJoflna{( ul'toitlllc[{t]lju glu
a Ju 'a q u i .l y J" e , I aYltlu 11:0nl2n n tuunl:lJ0{nu u t0tn:&ttylnllullo.tu l toullt{ttaynnYlotu ltl]u
nqudn trdrqnorlr{rurnrdrrlruotirl:rorir 6union:rulrtdru ovrndoudurqiJa^ - i , a -rqufifrrii:arir.rdrn'ir riiofridruunufr'udru1ilfios1:rori:lfinvrlnuflrr{rvrarutl
; ' ir ,a - I nuu ?n Nfi : d rufi liln'rdu ri ror lu arnr qd rudrd ruldn non driaqld
, -l e e a, 'ir'rulJu'luunuou unrruurorlil0lr:rhuudr luhidrrirocfinlddrouaolJruot d 4 .r ae l,
fl lun0sr?lao[el rnl{ luyloul lil1d
30
uu')nrufi a r:rdlnadu,drfl i$irufl nrlrurir z {rludrl:Jvrrquund
arnnat.rdrur{rurirtosrhuriu dlfirvfio'vrr'yrnuiu16urdurirdlnaduoonlddrdru! , i a ,, lu r, , c a. Auas ull lustlullu ?yr1{m I fio0lu1 ]fia ]nf,vnln[avllr{0vnouoslt'launou tufla{
nqnoonlrJfi avrlou oun:cfiifl ndrurrnrnnrflumr.rrirlraadoudrulil druovvrolr rr, a u r r
u'l t! 19111:ov{{ma'lu lI
4. iltsotat
drunrr:rfl udrudeir.rriruiaqnrr:cir.r 1 drfi :rnlril{ r.iu }1n:cnru
nou nindru fi u rio nouninrairury f, n "l n{ fi nr:6ru ?0roonuluQnelo{snuu6'no < J ! y iry2t't 0{un{flott:{nu10{u'ltta&fl1uvtlufllMlanl:nnm1aluI0{u1 tn ttacnl:n0
9 C . 9 t 4 A q, A 9\9odi lilnn:eytlnlun?tulJ:v0lgr ,.1'lu0'r?:0{uolu tu.r'luuuul'l 0t tor!nlru:urq0u
r a, U,tlcrUoqldU00v l"f{1u tn0UUUnolqill.tlfl:],9n0(Economic Life) t,oiuJu
druorr:fi r ru'n6o rhalmtbl rltafi'u rhaaounin
4.1. tlruIaxltl (wooden Frame open Weirs)A y e ue ae ryJ ,."rJ Joru nflflluytrl5]{n2u tun:soluull0u lytrl! trJc[,t0u0g tnuluu
,)t 4 n ' , d a ,-! s e t y a a q , itlu?'lnrr:Juxo{0'l?: tu4.r]unn:{ rrsruu'lflunuourya0uluul 9totunonn:JYlo{lu'l
l#uilunur
druln:.r,lr?rfl udrunrr:turnrf, nfi{rrurnnar{au'n?ru'l d.rair.rdru
'lfin:vnrufilrun al\rirn'u 2.00 luer: un!fi dnuurriou{rluouux dl'hinnnsrs, a . I J "--
- ! urr ", o " I dfl:1{ lun'lu1Yt01tuzgro unaouulu'lxu tgr tnuuln0!d:'til lua'lu'll,ulalanmt{tlor'i" a d, o i * ..re
910ua0{u0ilQUu'lcu{lJr'lo{ullrlu nt?fi}t:ol0:lu a&tljuli1lamHl lilqolnlfln 10
.rtun?lntt 'Iflu l n-t
ri ou airur.l-,rlorlhlcto.rl,quei{6uriurirl#6ou,,avurrlrJsrrrudrirA y ! r r, , .r' y I <
0uflovr0ccl:'l.rvrurltu lfl lra?nonlrY'l [iiIu]n tflqn{uur,ro{1.1'll]Juuo'l dl flaons . !qt, ,oru! ,' I I c ,.ra ry I
flllun?1itl,o{alu'l llt:g9tu11?tcll0u0q tglfluno'ru1 lu0flntdlteft !]l420{l9tn tuntl?
firirrar4nrrnr rndo'rllrln:;oruniuilrud.rfluh?nurlririoun'ir z dr h?n:snrudu, ' lt tl qe | - t 'nylJu . ,l , ! , t
fl1UrflA1UOO{[1',t0U:',N 114tluUflUyt nJ mUlyt lllA9UUOgtu0t0't{llUQytUtllUXUUl
'lri uocfnoseir.rdudrol#rirn'ir:ldurirrirqnrJ:;uror 0.s0 rusr: rJaruduilrup-- . i I y I .. < a trt q99 An ]utltu 0u'ltlaufl'luylluu ]u nJUflsfl0n0u{'l,l tstolunuxlj.lrlo? fl o n1?1!naon
n21un{r{ro.riirrirrrnvraur{r'hJluqa'rd,rao.rr?r.r drui:LdrrlrouJuairrdrut?
31
nrrorurflulnrrlrJarurvduurr.r16u,rclrulirrflury, +s uoarniurr'udrurdaorfiuu:.r
6'u,ordrrirufinriufirilruli In:,rdruci.rriou!rmr.:rJnrududru,nriuri., ,,nrlrid,
rlruriru vTrurirurr d ru:-u iu rr:.r nrr,,, nruori',d srnrr nd ruuocrl o l riu rirfrnrio.rrir iilnr.rrlruirriu'hin:gnrugr'olidruiudnrir sioornilaruduilrudrur{ruriroc
riu.r fi u r1 o.uiu ir6'cr rYo.: ir 1{dru
::luJruisolrr i:fllu
--latralrr t : fr.nfr fira dr Ir\Inr: mvdrnlr
o-5o- loo u Min, 0vdl ol
ultl{t !f,46ut'n
fi,lLi trtr n.
|lrial rz|.
:ulr 2.9 d luln:.:'ltr
t.z rlrufiuI ai
drun-ufiocntirrlufififi z rruufio rlrufiuuuuiutda rhafiu
uuufi-?Uta tcntu
+.2.t dtufruuuudurdu (Loo." Rockfill lndian Type Weirs)
lurJ:yrvrgourduu'urucfildrun'u (Loose RockfiI weirs ) riuurn
rn: rvrfl udrudair.r.iru :rnr'hirrfl {u1nfn uavfi nruorr:nuvrrurfi uu'ldriudru
nouniel
drurrrudi;:J6'nndrul:Jarrunr6uuriou{rurlu arndrudrurrfi ot
thtlrrrro, t:2 6r t:4 uncriruriruiril:yulsl l:15 o'.r t,zo eirrlruJ:vnour1ru
rir'il.rnoun:',rur :crriu 1.00 lrJgr: dix,,.:nnonnrun{*tolrird"rrnru,nr lddu rirrru.rrorfi ud*fl u a'urlruuacl#:c6udu rlrrrxluorojul aodrn.rtJrfl uiirer'ufi ruarnrhusirurirurir rir*ulrudrfi'rvafil'lirirrfiu:l:yur0l 10.00 ruo:
. a q rC a, 4 - d s t !]u:cH?1{nl]tfl{1r:: qHu t}rrurgDJ tan:?9lH:0fiulanonryonuu lut-uYlnlu 91001n
, t I-^ " ,iuyd' .{ { - f, - t! alualntlluglluyrluu tufiu tl{q n{ ]?t1lu teucut2flo dun?5 tll0uo{ nuu lnom 0{3 , .{-Iu . ! r,, .r,a o ,a
u1 aror.lrulr{tuu1 tfi a0{luflaont'ra ruu 9ro{ taflu tl.r dnoHu ll: uu2'l{t: u'tvnnutad
rtruH 1a10r{ ru uavrtr.!fr Ruruu1: vn'jrldou nudrurlu6nLui{fi'um:ru ocfi rl#fi er
t d i","",i-- u,,.earorl lullI.llrt {1u tu lltulYinHuilqn [u lo
i, '. 4 , d.l 4 A ,rtl tu uuuuu [lJ 0'tt u gl0{urtuuft lv{:'t3 gr?tl'luu'l2ulntuo{0tnua1fi
,tlttarsoturu.-;sdarlH'l u fl o u r 1 {r [ [ u u u r sl o { s u a o q l dsTr rl r u'l :l l n a o u v r n d r 6'.r fi o v rio l r a c fl llfi n Fl- u 1 il
1d odr.rl:fi6ujo.rornfirrlro'hin'udu irfilna6ruoqile1rhuorvwqdrdrudulr,racd a u ru I
rrlrunour.r der t! rn rlr: rvqvfulu :cuvrr:ndrurinocyl:n'lrllirr 6.rdolrer'ufiulxni
f irtA-rrrtrrruu{,aruornilohurso!iel'1 usirnAol#lrulrJuruflocfincnouilso
" " I q u , ' a d u el14:'lulun'lu1uy.rrna2m'ltuoqryonfiulnni[avfiurf;n'ldrlruouuriu sirdruosfiueiu
! .uy , , r'rrarfl rou reroul{orlr o lelo{nr:1#ei?rhuduallnuldornil rudu du fi rirld rrsi ov
,
t"
d hta,.oio.rsronriuvin'li[6tiuurrsr:.rrru r dud ru
fuyl 2.10 Loose Rock Filt Indian TyPe weir
to.@ u
rnrw: fi: u}u t rw { r r a: rttrr
Iro.oo
too!. I unlaornll
a
@
lrt5 - I ?oft'rrfl
r:f,ufrruEooJrr
t.1r: frurtr fir l otr u
{
.).)
4.2.2 d1ufiuuurlnrrtua :svrludt t J-
I1l U rl 1 U yl n A [[ A { U',l !',I n r.,l 1 ul1 U rlu u 0 u lfl u t[ au rl'lu]t u tjo { dfi : n
oruinrrdolfrutlruri!dnryiro{fror6u1urJ:gryla'lmu nrutarJ:emrudfl{rllulruin, , , , a t
lluuu r?oul{uou 3 llurrflo Hru[riru]nfirfiu.rlnil drurrilfl.ruirfiairuultncrlruuili.l
fiiirrh.r
1 rJ frnro.rd rurfl u pJarurudurriour?rlruLuusi'1iluru ttrnrxu'oud lu- a d 4-r t e o ! e e !n'uuuldurdu n-oijnrrrrlrurirurur-r=orir t:t unedruyilulil t:e riouairrdruolo'rr1o
,t ! orto .. y ara r t urr! Jltn {n un o{u 1 11{ 1: uufi 116 ? [x n utflu u2I : o{t uH u9l ?H'lu 12 t ut4u {tHu'l
ilrEuror 0.50 ruglr n'': t.oo ruq: riioil:vr.rdsriruruu'ufildafirdrulrarfirl#gi?
drun'udulrihirir'luavrzq ornldr.lruflurrld rirornn:r-r6'ulrtlraduaonlslcr'rdru,';
uocfiurlru'lilryirriu uufrudunrfiurl.i'fiulnqj6ul'l{tur o.4o ruglt 6r o.eo
a C a u rq, t I . aru0: 14uranrt0 n:1fi09lcro nru tl.rru llifluu rlalnoru1.ru1 0.30 ]lJfl: uuYur:uil
^ ! J a o , I e oes t dt .0 nyuuu.rrlluH2alnd ]uvl.tflo.tfi]u l9ldutllut unltrfl{no ntfl?tu'l 0.60 l 0t o{
! , u d a , r , ard a d , I r{l.o0 rusrr d'roqiuuril{1fin druuilurlnl#l{lfierruf,nurr 9.00 lugl: usidrurrriil.r
ruiruacrlruur;5i1frrf, ur{qlfurr 6.00 ruer: uualoFhuyi.rdo.reirufi rSunounio#.:otia ! di I e) t . i'uurlu:lnnuluufrofl 1 nonflu.r 1 ni'l.rul? :clJl$l 3.00 rugl: 0.r 5.00 rufl lio
6on^uriouuarndru'1{
::fir.r{rn{o*t C6cr.ta blockt
iltlo o.so nrduoourln
LOOrO.e2r 0.50 l'l lrUUf,rarl*6unr{un:nrru
::fiufirlrurhoiru't usrrunzo.s u
6u,n$rn o.so ,Jalrrrqli'b.;b lt
irul u,: o. I o u i.trt,l(ae oso Ir{orf ali z.so r r{!fial! s.oo r
rdlfro\.i a.oo r:.
?ui 2.11 rllufiurul,,t lridnil: J lu ( Cluruj0.! rn,1 niflu )
34
e q e !y a lnr: fl o{nu lio.rli rdru uru=ori rt old ru ttfiul:uitu'luu2riul 0.30
t , t !'r n: rIervr1{nruvnuulgro!rnilalualnehulrjriul#fiuGu{uu'l l.0o llJelt u'l?
10.00 runt uasfiuYirnounsfl (Concrete Blocks) xulnlflqjrrlriulidrJnrufiuriu.r
6 nruf, luor rliofl sr fiu lfi lri'rirfinfi u Fu{fl onnrs oq n:v trulil dru :-url ru urifl lr ri r l rj l# fi u ri u.r r a u u si l # r r il { n o u ni sr t u rn ln qj :l u u #o uf rdru rlr url ru ln u
or, d ru o ' ! Ynaon uarlfr{u6urudfiu:ruqndo{'irrrcrjtuvilnou n5fl rro'tuuei'lu
r9C ruurjilluirdo.rrruruli rurnlunorri rln qi luaxornul 6{drfl un
:vdududrulidr rreirdoo'rqqudunusr:n:stornr:rirrirurrli.rfirflurT nrfifiirlna
riouluuririr druandrleilil6r:vdufiwlrlau?rnaurri.rrir}irdlfi 6rciorfirdliuu
dudrudruiurciudurlrul#qrdulffin o.so rus,: rdodoirl#qrdu duCrudeuI ^ j i uyA a lnld:u1uu0e00n00n loruo0{qeul
+.1 drunounigr (concrete weirs)
d run o u ni n i z lu' o6 o olru a ou ni nd z u ni o rhaf, u d ouoc ehzr
AAFrOUn SrKtUtnAn
)druri.r z
e I .i, Caunuulrlrl.rfil{nuulnlv{:'luao{o0nl]lJu [l,llll rt{fl 00&
e u lur,9l'luvtllJut{tou10{1I1 tn t
ee-Jfl IUnOU ntqd:1{n?uldnm
!, ' I e ae {tfl a nu ot c 1, o.t yt u tl'lu 1l a, d 2u 0 u ft { n o lufla { nu tu o { n 1 n
19 dutln1ll {r ln:'tvQsuun'l:00nttuu0{no{un1:fllu201
otirrac16un rnaoL?druu{ur:.rurnfi qnloodunJ6o.riaqdl#aixd rurioudqn
drair.rrl runou nt"rrnjr,,io rriuduqruriofi u fi hi6ufl usiorislfiul r' ! ."t y if<o a e ,t i ' tItuYto{tu't llnold:l{tuu usx{lljunu Ttlu :on:2a ocaro{tltl{Y{uH'lul,u
' J. "r,i , t acriounrururnfi dru?u'16 frurlruorrsiorfi riu:rn lFoundation Piles) uovlnuurn
suflonr{u$ifl (sheet piles) l{nuArrrurldf,urlruniodrlaruniudrunrrioir drrlnrud < La ! - a e !.rirfrnr,rdld.riun=uruiiorrirriirl rlrurrJaooi'uornrirfruaoolstdruuac uplift
pressure '[nutdntrn usirirrlnrur{ufinrfi.:hi6.rdudunrfiur r{ufinovrirurirfituru!A- .r,, ..r,., !-
fl ?'luu'l?tolYll{ 1mAUA0n lgltl1UYll lfi n'lA{[:'ll,0n TrUltAV Upl.ift PressureAna.la 9t ! .nuu 21yr1{u lclunon'lcldruoyul?urnilo 0udlhiarur:ofinrracxrrfi n
6u1illsirrdT fisrru firlarududrusirurirurirr'.rrihIn:vorudyiuuurr.rior{ufincron
liSnruoluur riun'nuurdhi}il#rl:clurfrdoru'run?'luur?i,o.rrroil6, ,,sidu
r1o.r6ulrjl#rirdlrannornrhurnnduurfi nncar{6uldniuilrunr:dunqirtlr
d al Ju, , -t <r d ar r r o'aflontluyrorru?u t'rgt'luunflu't0cgura1&tluy{n t:lytl{u]fluoontddturvurrfiu uci
91tdu n rnqn nAraetf (Hydraulic Gradient Line)oe : luulnfl urirhi Upm Pressure lddrurntudu 6'.rriu 6'rocl?i'rdualoqmnf,ldntrlai uprift pressure rflu'hlnrrLrdr
a I u fdd a la e Ao d a ; .rfi u-ou l.r u-{ hjfi r{ufi ouu rii fi rc dollus Ifi f2r{uu-o gff m rl lnrl:ru'rol I u-? fi u o
uav 0url&r{ ufi n{ nud ufl ; or0lvn uilruiur{ururluriuaa'uriutJfi ld iroslnadu
n;ae1fi rorvl{hJldlnuhi rarv lrJnrur{uu'o 6rhi n:srunrcrfi oudlnrruurrro.r!. a.tt e t - t
'Yl'l{lulcfUaon tndluldualnEvlnflldnt tlnv Uplift Pressure AnHglUto{r'lut{'lullavd Ae ' ! ^ a - !t de tll lJlrno { na t?u ft{umtjou num{}llufl0u ntfla?u Fllu uno l]av luRountflldtu
rran
43.1 tl lUflOUnrfla1UU (Mass Concrete or Masonry
Weirs)
drunounindruuioCrufi u riorfl u 6rurlfi u fi 1rJ6'nndrupJdrr6uu
nr.ruud.rfirhuru6odudrurrnun'irdrudr.rd{rflumudru Inurln6nrnrhurhu
rrliolillilfi nrirrhudrfiu rfl u uu rdr fiudu d ru eiru arnrl roriru rlruirfi rtru f,n
fl ruddru ror ld rd sbirirln adrud ru dvnrn uav hihirirfl nnrsuil nniu rhuur{
r6utl 1il6'ertovlruo:qnn'nrr:Jn'rl:Jrir'r 6oosrirdurhuuosrirrudilaruarqrlru- - ! t lu'ny.. ^j annnuuuYrluu'l Iu [uurHauuqurfl 000urnu
+.:.2 rhunou ni ruaiutt,l f, n (Reinforced Concrcte Weirs)
d runsu ni fl raiuruH nfi 6'nuorcrfl unorjonouningilarurudourur
ilrvuror 0.50 ruerr 6r o.eo rusr: #ro{runirnuuniolilu:ruu 1 ritfruil:vuror
3.00 ruflr 6{ g.0o uJfl: oaoon?runillnu.lalri, rio.r:criroorioqndo.rfiuriuc . - - la uy a d , i- 4
n0ufl :grrdrulHandlxruonulnn [? uHunoun:fl [drur11anl?lnlun0l0un]urlu 45, j ! - - , uyr' J ' ,0{fi1nufl0u0lyroolflur]r{9tu10,t'ulnnytxct?Bl'tu'tifi?u lnrlsncuugiori0Irldlu
J a.r t a ! te ,t ! arr6uuo-.rfiarn 4s o{fl'l mrleiruruuodrucidrufiruilrrilurru16lrkioulr?rirfilua,J
rTru d r u sr n a': rif iu d ru Ier u sr r.r
iodrufiurio
nountoH21l1! 6utr{l1u }h D
6x, n'r1ur{ufio
: fiu{rnrlloCr u
rdl6onlolrtn::ntrrlHtusnzrrn:1dl(zuililluil
36
# 2.1 2 CluRaufl lnolu
:rdu{rntrorl'u
$lh{fl o6r4Jl 6 uru6ln:rnu::6urhrlrudru
t/\r \ t\l \ z l/ \/\ /\/9r
rilfiz.13 elruiuna
I
I
ilvl
:durlruflo ru
norl onolnl nr(l I ln 6 nuCuRolnloql rn(n :fiurfirhofiu6rnfudn{r
rdrfin {l\tr, ymu
Imur'tnrs'!lrn6n r{lflo
d?-1\ rl'lHflaun:nrdflJr on
2.4 ur{nrsfllsrosl?Nlui , d ia u Y<.o, - !r, . J
tuo{ttlnll'lutll u d{nn1?1{ nl: t n10{1.11 0{Yt't tH:co:lulfi'lutltu0ul, , v ovl ': , 4
ro{C'rud{ni1drulsiilr uacilu:snrvfirgiofr?druila1uu:.r rIriufl3ilfitrriloonri]u z
,lrr,rr6u
7. Static Forces.r, f, oe
nruu:{crnn:vynsrosirdrunrulslanrfl [lil{n]:odu'.r1o'rrirlriuri- ! I . ' - ' ,t ^ ! i - 'n. tr:.t9lu l0ilu-lcx{n:vYt'19r 091lfl tuvn{n ]u t?tu ou lt.tY'lu1u'luHan tu
aelr i a i u,lltaufl.)l Ytt9t ?ttolnou tll
r. lrr{6uxo.rir.f ln:srtrsiodrrhuvrxdrulcldrdlo;drurruu:rnu;,
10{u'|fl1{nlutlJu 0u1
n. 1 un10{tulYtmuoquugr?Fl'lu
l. tYtaYtlrlruuunrutlnd{d16udru'ld @ervious Foundations) oefi
-t ltr:{nututo{u't (Uplift Prcssure) qilttururuovunfli-rdrul#aoudu
2. Dynamic Forces
d, I o, r r I ny ,rilurr:1fr rn:srirciodrdrunru'lgianriluil{nrrlfl auo{u'r rfl [[n
n. ur!fiafi lalutouird.r'luasrnawlf quu:{0rfl ri'urlruu: ld0rilururut e v ! d lu . i v ! v ' t
nnfl?{o{alnfl1untuYtluul ltagtuoul tfl afl n0{uult o{tu lYt'tu?l'lu0g ntgunnvtuIllac u'lulunn lalu u
ullJ'ltu
asr]Arrrx. u: irnrsur0nfr?druriiodu d ruB{rn=n otninQfl rin r:iu hiqllr aaou
n. tltalrlrlrouulrurln.ur{ilduriru ld ltcrvious Foundations) 0efi
rr:.r6orttro.rrir (Erosivc Force) d{ilururufiny{rtorrfi n6u'lsidrunQnoonlil, I ' 'irlrunrr:qntfr nrcno{snurluu:{rn1{1 rfi arilkiniohirfi n,ir1orf, u
lt1Unr:'tvlrr.ttflalu
nr:slluyr1uur{6uuo{il'Iill#fl 6'rrdrudrunir mqn rdou nioundrudu
riutioudo{nr:rlrufifirirurinurn orodo.rf,rsr'rdruarhlludurflu key ualotoelo.r
fl ont{utln (Foundation plt".)lfl otrlrurhu
38
,, !-. a I i rt lrt I !,n150'luYtlu u lnnm 141ufl 1ll0 { al0rl lurtacfluno{ulnluYlluu'tuou
etI'ddrtyefi0{ntt0tnd]utni uC'ruulr{ltavflult'tuu{di't{91?u?aqol?:lxuru n0 (Masonry)
nio nounigrdru (Mass Concrete) ttacfifruliulurrru'l (Grouted Pitching) ltaslr'll
ndr Gipop) rl:1osfiur{o.rriruaenrqnA{eio0rnrJarufi'udrurtrurtruiroonlilourilu!t,
lxfl ntrnnYl1alul0'ru19l2u
n r : fl o l fi'u du d r u o r nisr n n rind c l il a a s uu rlu liu t c do{ fi r?t f, nr s d r U,:cnxdutllu l?
rt v u rc J
nrrLl o{ nu ru hiil r6'qfl rrio6uld'rhuhJ\ritiouclornr:nrruurrror!. 6rr v ! 4 qrrd
yt'ritu'lqxaoo touluulnflo0udlfiun6rn'{Ioul#fiurlrustrunruuru12 llroos lxrr,u
u'o rir udr n ri r ru ru drr?r l 6'u f 1 d'
2.6 nariliunltolfi:drs (Stabitity)
IsudrlJdruuiorrjounounisr (Gravity Dam) turfinnltfi{yrcarui-:lr.f,i
luott'ln nl:Y{nnR?] (Overtuning) ltnln'l:taou [06 (Sliding) GX{lnot'lnlltilgllilcl vl
n ri rru r u drr?rl r1u n: s ri rci s frrrl ru
2.5.t nr:t6nn'ir (overnming) rfintrnluruusito{ur{dn:criluu
n-rilrudrrururueiuh{druuqu:ougrudru#rurir rfodtourJaruqoxoUludlu,t !" i o " i
Yt'luu'l luuu?n{l tunl:n1u?0lt ont2ndo!fi2]ulJa00nu10{to?Fl'lu ft'ltntltBtl
14'rur{du uo.nird n: yrirsi o(i'rrhulu uurrru duindulu anrnoirrl tiu niu rnao
- ! y . i.. s , lr,. I j y a !o! <:!n!u'ln1urr4u0utlJ:unu({qntla!fl'luu'l luuu'l ll0sruofilulr{uouluu'usuJrlnut !-! ,J - a ct e !. a ill'luu'tuul0qnrsnuflu.r [uuflu 01nuun1n1:111lt:.:oucl rlUlnIsytlgtofl?H'luu., ' I - ! - -J , ,'lduri ri rnrindrC ru u:.rdu rj rlstir'u rhu (uplift Pressure) rr:'tn'u Au tn: fi fi url ruod
lflfl?au)
d ruoyfi n rruila on fruornnr: na'nnir ruao
t)'[uruuriclruflluryirriuuiournn'ir luruusirurulufirh{rlu
?rrlu ti?u0!urnn'irrrirlnriu rinoyrirnundulfifluri,nrrrurJaonriu lFactor of-f,lJsafty, F.s.) 6.rfi or:orr rlnyiroro{olntltnun'ltuldu{ytuo!.ld
flun
third
-"Ja " ! tJ2) llu'tfi:{aflt1{tnnstn]ulrul:luyNltun (?JH) nutr:{lu[u2n{yl{
1Eg dogrudralurix miaate third tr1:trr]nu:ltt'yrf,lurirluon Middte
tvrirltirfiqu:id{ (Tention) lurrurdudruslrunr{nn{1u rfl urnq'[#nounier
ru sr n ir zr a c fi r1#rh un 6 nn i r 1 drriu n'u
2.s.2 nr:rdoulaa (siding) rfinrrnrr:rluuu?rlu#{uun tEnluururrunir'nsiu'h?rlruro{oulnaoonhJvrrrdruriroirusinrrraloulnnto.tdluovrt.r, rre i-eirunru'15 rr:.:iirdoorn Friction :vuir.ru4urlrufiu6ulrigruunyu:rnna{turru?6{
(EV) tfiriruusrlt? C = Co.ffr"i.ot of Static Friction flto Stding Factor 0v1d
rr:lclru nr:ra^ou'loa = cEv-J Jr.,oy' A - y A -! e tn{uu[ 0 [u l11H'lurRa0un2 [r:'1fl ]un1:rfl a0u9r1yrtfl un0efl 0ilYl'l
J - JanlJ?t:oulnn?l tt:{ luuu?:luYr{ un (zH) uno
c>v = En
c.(EvlErD=1=F.S.nir r'.s. drirrundu,fl uririi1,ilun1:oonrruun?:fi rirrrirln duoql
filnr:fi or:ondrnrrurfi unrudrr,fi nduduoornnr:r[{ileo1uxo{rdsuInortrlrJl#
il:vuru r.5 - 2.0
40
iltoitt trrirulotut F.S.for overtuming tla! F.S. for Sliding lln3dlllfliltto{
rrldfl;uu !'luflo{rhu trnpJddruunl# ,du sulng factor (c) = 0. rtavril
unit weight to{nounin = zzoo nn./u.3 E
?5n1U?rU
F.S.for overtuming = XItaDNa42900
= 2.05
P
3
o
U
F.S.for Sliding
2050010500
=C.LYILH=0.5x- =1.174500
riruril.rro.ru:ra'r,rd txl = ErrrlEv =(42900 - 20500)
= 2.1310500
firodrlduanriinr:rirurilfl rrirgirr"r luanrnfirirodruLifi ir dufl uanrnfi ortv- i e . , ! e 3 - - i ,f,rnnlu0:{l qet]a{l nlxruluqqfluuln'l{n'luytluu-lr&u:snu4{lluu't0qm:&nlJf...).te
t4u{ fl ?tm1nl: fl 1u ?Bl flln?luuu n { lf,n1y{u1u1nq2u
lH{ H Arm M M
l. P = l2,X3X3Xl000 4500 1.0 4500
2. P = 1X3X2200 6600 3.5 23t00
3. P = V2x3x?x2200 9900 2.0 19800
4. P = I2X3X4X10O0 6000 2.67
E 4500 10500 20500 42W0
I
I
4l
2.6 rncduiutotirlsislru (Uplift Pressure)t,u A a ot,r d e s av
It:itolt1u1,0{u1 10lFllu un?lutlu ufnxn?lrullflnn1{10{t!nuu'l
dlaordrutov,huuoun'r'ruur?drirrssiorlra6uaonldrlruhjri'rnrun'l'drn
L
qun H/t- =
nrtrrrnnsit.tto.t:vouriryr'.rdolnru
Hydraulic Grade line (H.C.L.)
L
;! , u . u
fi'r'ruur?yru'r0r9ro.r lila.xunon1ilfr{HUn
alnqmnfi ldfi: (Hydralic Gradient)
H
cB
ornl:J ec 6o rduarnqnnflrder{ (Hydraulic Grade Line) n?1uq!{01n
1o'lo1 uurduJru Bc 6{rdu6ro ec ocryirriur,rodrdunuoilldncurho lupun! - ! -, y a ! at , .l
Prcssurc) 9rr{lnuu [r{nuu 0crjfll({yt't.!61ulflUolilt]a3oltinlli oua{l]3ou1 0u. r ! t y ! t ' ,t a . ol - ArJn a'lulluntuYrluul nlroonlluullutl'tu!&cto.tufl?luHul?l'o ul1l1rn 0 te
drurruu:.t Uplift pressure dy,riuld n'.rriuoyrfiulrl'irlunr:oonuuududrorfo
omr:fi?1il ocoonrruuld rrr e e !ltu?a{ t Ytl.:o'lumluu1
yi y a !.r il.tfl uYtl{ntunlu ou'lufl?1ufl ululnnqn rla?fl0u1nou
z.? u:'rfrourrfi o6ulsftlru (Erosive Force)
ru: r finyrrrindulsld ru r6ot r nu:.rrhfi dru n onlsIf,u d rouac u'lu'u 6n
lnrin6ur{rorlro}inqeroonlil nlrdnulrir'6unsrindunishjlrnriourfi urlodu
o{fiunrruf,uro.ta'roqmnfl ldni uasdnuusro,uduartddrot'l,
42
t
. d - !"yi ' ro1:nlu2oulroltlur{tnulo.lu1 letyruHlu uatrJolfiur{rudtulillrtrfin
nr:f,orryrvrdolornrirdruaosrlsln'uilru arrur:nrir'ld'Inul#mqufl weighted creep-i , r ,uy- i
Ratio 1,O{l Lane cr{nAl? lnUCfIlJ t?n{U
Weighted-CreeP-Ratio (Cw) ' L/II
ruas l) :sur weighted-creep (L) i,o{ilfi6uaoolsidudrurvirfiunn:'ru- IJ- - - c ,i - Ao
ro{rrcuJyrl{ro-uro{i1frduf.r=dfi1ornr:lu[[ux6.r fiuuu-rluaruro.r:uuvrril6ud1r- - - " ! , .ri , - . - 4 ! ' oTidUflCrH{O1n1: lUuU2r'lUYt{HUn ( lUnr0lYlYrUrllUrOU{lil{Un!nU:lU 9r.rtl9r 45-
dulrJbifinrfl ura{louuurdlrrnrruun'ir 4so l#n'srrfl urafi ouuu'r:ru naulun:dlad a J ' 3,., e | ! , d 4Ylulllul{nn{trfldo{tlo?1u llj o1:uuvlt'l{10{u0'tdu n'l1flat?un?'luu'l'110{[1lufln
riraoll#6e''irdrlnaornilarurrotruf, .r1:1fi 16nuneuur.r)4 s | , - ly a i ", !2) 7!AJ H fl0rvou9r'lilri14?'lilH?u'lnlur?tu0u'lltn!Yl1uu1
6gr:rdru weighted-Crrep-Ratio (cw) = L/H driruruldtvsiolfi rirlri
dsun'irdnrrrirudrnurcaudrfl :-uGuvfioeirrl fi firnusr'liluqrrr{frlud 6u1d{ , ,, !. - I f,r. a eYturl'luYl]uu10.:0iufl?11J noanu0lnnl:Qnulvr tfiaryu0on lnnrqls
dsr:rriru(L/H)an!ui9luA4
Yltlunctounulnr:00u n0uYllluaulouo 8.5
7.O
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.8
t.6
vt:luour0ufr
Yt:lUtlulurt0gngtoun
ll:1u11u1u
rJrunarr
n7?narr0un
n: ?ofl ulu I nv ac t0 un
nt?oltu'tu
ilrunarq
Al',nu!?tuu?ufl?luuuuu ou
ou t14 u u2lJ n2luttu u tl tu n a 1{
nutH U2uft,)'tuuuuna a - c
aul11uu2lJfl ?'lulluuolJ1n?l10nunlult1{u1n
1.5
_1_
n. drueilflrdflrrriru ct*
:suc Weighted Creep (L) = 1.5+1.5+(6/3),
n?1ueilrxo{rsn':Jd1 = 3.0-l.o
dlriu Wigtt"a Creep Ratio (LtllJ4 = 5n
0rnHanlldru?0lalJld'ir nr:dgr{drudfi fl urnlnun'nun!fl ?ruur?, ,J. r,.. r - C t A10{ltunluIlJYlnlflun 0Etuufl?luraonnur od:l.ruux1urlnnnr?nllasrrlu
t e Ja o .'l r r d a d r tr,auo9t1{cl lr9l0cfl:1{uullu:lnmtuuoutHuu2uuulJlunol{lnu0{nut uu2lluu ln
1 n o'hi r n'n nr : rin rry r c 6u uirrol fr rud ru
x. riruxslxut:{fiulsidudru (Uplift pressure)
" ,,1 . ;ru:.rdurosrjrlcifi udrufi qn A = 3-(1.5+1.5)x215 = r.B u.
,,roduru,rillddudrufi qn n = 3-(1.5+l.s+3/r)x?s
9t20ul{nttn'l ?or
:cdu r
3.0
1.8
43
1.4
6
::drrhc 1.0
c
1.0
= 5 lu9ll
= 2.5 <---
- ! ",,.i , ;tl: rquno{u 1 lnnurlluYl 1B C = 3-(1.5+1.5+6/3)x?5
1.4 u.
1.0 u.
B
3.0
1
M
fior:onorndrodrlnrrrirururlrlduovrfiu'ld'ir nr:rir'h?rirnrn
qrnnmaer{uuua.r rdohlruurEauriuanrutor6uti'ffludruriu ocais{fi rnr:ili!il1r}{::urnr.u6uto.rirfi 6uaonldgrurrrdu drarur:orirld z i6o rfiunlru
,',rn u orr', ol',ru u ntlr rav nr: 1#r{ufi fld 4 crr d Ja u ra J a o ^ ! - ;1.
n1:fl 0nrxu n l1lUalurl,ullu{0na{ tuo{xuautfl uull{:oar0uYlul$ul,
rirulrjld rdofl olfiulrjl#rhdruriruld'gruodruHnrro rfl und'nnr:dnurururirbi
'ld' urlovrir'lslurnniorirlril6'ucir{ufi nfi f,.rbirl:vlusri lunr:drurfi u:susnxrdult - , d a J- SoyC10.i 'tlru0n 2 [m]fl0{n11uu'1210{lnJUfln u 0 n0lnuu{s?uantt:{oul,0{u1 lgnlu
TllU (Uplift Pressure) on6?U
2.7 R?'ruslxuoluRlrl!ururi1lo{tdls
d rud air'rovdo.rhirliurarilurnd qolu arti-nfu lnn{ruhJldlnuhi. a, - ! , a ! t e t - t - a u r
li',l I renx ,lr'l1.r9l'tulflu0u11o{9.1'luyruq{ru!1n:in!u'l9r]ufi::uT]flu1nlnu t
t ! ,t , i - & < a a dr - -r r.etl'tu1llud{u1n0sm? y{uoudonfl {ano{10r1.luoufl:lurdul.nu to
nrrn ru ?oln?ru fl1u1:oro{d1ulu nlr:euluri 10cdo.rYl:rrLiliurud rt9a e d , 9aulnrqn uav:cn uu lq{qnolu!::uT1o ]u cr'tu 10r:.tyr clr ]ilfl'lulflun 0u rra'10{ 0c
fi rr:orrldi rturorsfi :Ji urorrilulnfi Eq'1Ha{rrurl ruhJuJufi riryirruf,uCruf, n
rvirlr rco'!riruur?udruqrn'ir:rdurirqrqnnrurrruxrcrryil'1: R21uuflnei1{xort)
tcnUU 1Yltflo{ultUn11 Afflux (H)
!;v t v ^ ! ^ I ' - 3u lil fl u {{1r uYtlil9t'lutllu 0u'lt 0 iltl luu alnH'tu ltlun?latnfl ?u ]o1u
- ! -.'.7 : I , ) qt . !!tturtgl rrtlvncuualnfllu'tYl{do{u0cnonu ol ylrm.rlrurrlr'r.!olurrruoulro{l
rlru :ruvornlodoi.rohu6un'ir Lengrh of Backwater c,.*" rirdlna{rudruhJe A - ! - t ^ - !r' e t r.r
tta?0&u:cnuulrtavalnH?u-t0tluEttul'lgllflt1y5!nuu l9tluytlutl1u0g tu0nn:cmud.t
ntslyl0ultgtoul{ 1n
" l, , d, o- i<n1:nluluulHlUtllUrrUnOOnl U 2ntg!o{uno
r. lu n: ddrirlr nr?rurl ru'liludr : c d'udr6'ru rirurhoo{ei rn'ir:vniu
du r.l ru d ruoco (i'lu anrnd 6 un'ir Free overfalt weirs dnrdl*lu nr:druror 6o
2q = :.cwo3/2g6! (: Free overfal3
45
tD
H
Frce Overfall rrl{cir
a7X-
z. lun:diirirlnn{udrutludr :cdudldruyiluCruo{q.rn'ir:roiu
duilru druluanutdudriun'ir Submerged overfall weirs ttio Submerged weirso rra . afl9t lt l nltfl]u'ttuflo
a = CWaE9H(D-H/3) <:Submersed
L
part A H
--+a
Submerged Weir
rJiuronirq.rqofi lundrunhu lrun:37iurfi;
nrruurtrsqdudru ([unr)
a'url:sfir,rf,rosdudru firirilryuror 0.6 - 0.7
9.81 0usr:/iurfi/iurfi)-! a:vuscitl:y ir'r:vdurirnrfr ounEr{rudru("m*)rus:
-!4fl ?lUan{0{u'ruu dutllutlju tugt:
D-paftn
Aluo a
w
C
tH
D
-
'r
46
a di i < ,atri , ,er a ra J0tndfl: tun:uYt 2 u 0cluu ?luil.rYrYr:lunll[a?fl0 l) Q no:ltuliuul
i { e , ly - ! ^o .lulnnqncr{0esloilll:'tuutnou :?uYr{9ro{vl:l:J:&n!u1qtqoflllJE::ut10l [u0lu1
)rr:rdairlrlru ruaofi rlirronirurnfi qn'lradrunlnrirruurdrdr'rslu z) c fi rir
rl:;uru 0.60 6{ 0.70 udrusidnugrsrolf,urlruusilnurtrhJld c= 0.6s 3) w n.o
!r'n?1uu12{o.tduCrufr{oonur:.1fluflrirnun'irou'l#ur2ryir'l: 4) g = 9.8I ny'sec/sec
- J^a-.rl-r.,6'.rriu6.rifrrfifrrhjvr:ru6n z odr{6o D uac H
" - - ' i 4.nl unrcnuflufllullu n'uth?m:tu:uur D-H r11:',ruYrr11J:!nuul{{qnfl 1u
-" " I i r, ,t ! ! AE::UXlgr tu alu tgl:{nd:1.:flluoqnouua? rll:lsovuu D unv H u ruoYt:lllnl
A ,' , .r o J uv- ao1 1a9l2fl!{u6103ylt1Un10nn?ru.t loYluYl txu :gnufiutl'tu + 100.00 :.n.ntg9llJ - A t , -!rirqlqererrur:rulrfisr:rfiairldru + l0l.5o0 r.m.n. o'ruTu D-H = l01.soo -
i, r.re drl0o.m0 = 1.50 [un:61 D = 2.10 tufl: oeYltlu lnfluvl'll H=2.10 - 1.50 = 0.60
)run: lflTrrwliu'lunr:rrrirlol D ua! H 6rslo.rlfiiauufirirro.r D du ,,dro,t rr ' "7 a . ' - \ a , 4lonll,o{ H gr'luul $lDllnuuoilfllu ? nllloil CWJ2gH (D - H/3, flonlu1?'luo
I r llr i, r , , ArJo{dunlt 6tHaflo.lnltfi1u ?01 lulmln!n11,o{ Q yt'l{9llucrluu0x0tdunl:tIda{2'l, i -J r, e a'
R',lllo{ D vrduugruu luQnglott oo{duufln]1o{ D ]Bunun2lfl alo{ln1:n1u?010sA , ' .J ^J e e
rr'tnufl'l10rl Q ![trldoil2ln'110{ D yrfluugluuQnh0{[]a?
{ ly, A ,t , c - ! a s ttuo lnnltoil D vlQnrlo{tla?n$3vt:'tll:vnu'l[l.tlJodutllultavY{01:Bl1
r.r, - !!-- ^ .."- !' i- i r
tn21 :snuuluuuoytf llayl1 tl{rnaulyt':urluou flo{fl{yt'l.lfilutflu40roldru'lrtfiu.rt"ri,.t'r : o1u 1n ?ua nurn0vo o{ril6 uullrlaltiru f,nto{rlluur.rorilrxionri6rlorfi'u
d.€J-,",inllutdUUlU tOU?! [A?f U{9r.tflO ]rJU
:l a)n. thiifi r,rs olor,urufl ?1uu1?ro{dudru (w) oon'1il6n nt:ru'lufl ?tu
ur?xo{fiurl'lu14rh?irlnarirrurhulrturndu nr:rcior{utolrirovann.r
r. aqrrdudurlru}?1fi ra16n n1: dn:Eri!dud rua.rrufi rl#drlra{turhuldrurndu n?ruq{xo'r Afflux 0sana{
,, -! ! , )n. dfl{fiuduill (Flood Protective Dikes) uu do{f,{uilr:l0rnilndru
!r,ir,r,.!'l-Yl{ldo{{l'l{U1?1u lllYll{nlUtllUOU'lllo{tl1U0U qntl,gl Backwater Curve cutlnnnln
6mGnator effluxa q rooq J , I I I
n1:Ia0n lI']t [nu uu0uua?lrgtdnltlt,0{,l1u aen1a{ylun0fl i'ttl
,l , eItntu o{01nH 00nuulJ!u9t0{
6rrunl#,
rsd'rdudru + 5o.ooo :.Yr.n.
- !,, d,:sfiuul9tuntu o?l]u + 52.000 l.m.n.
:r6'urirdrur{rurhu + 5r.2oo :.fl.n.
6 = 0.65
W = 20.00 lusll
9.81 luel:/iurfi/iulfi.r. ,- lin ,tlfdruronliuronirfr lra{rudru
:cdu r +sz.ooo:.n.n.
47
H=0.80m ::6rrh+sr.zooD
:ru=uduC1,+soooo- -
-+a
Submerged Weir
= 0.65
= 20.fi) tUgll
= 9.81 llJgll
= 52.000 - 51.200 = 0.80
= 52.000 - 50.m0 = 2.00
= 0.65X20X4.43X0.894X 1.733
= 89.244 U.3/iurfi
gr-to{tln 1:
L
t1nIilrhufi dnr ltfl u submerged weir
qq: a =cwJ2sH(D-H/3)C
w
E
H
D
a
tlJ9l5
IUflI'
2 X 9.81 X 0.80 x (2.00 - 0.808)
2x9.81 X Joso r(2oo-0.80/3)
= 0.65X20
= 0.65 X 20
48
6 a,er20u1s 2: nlllugl lfl:
rjilrudrdlfla{rrudru 1q; = 149.600 runr3/iurfi- !n e t
Irnull]61uYllur.l-ru + 60.500 r.n.n.
rv6'ud'udru + sg.fi)o :.m.n.
C = 0.65
w=30.00r9t:
I = 9.81 run:/iu1fi/iu1fi
l#u rrv durirrr rio du rl ru
:rdurirrll,3nu 1+60.500
D=2.m oIrL--:aduduCu+scoooI
rQ = 149.60 m3/sec
Submerged Wcir
tYttlu'iillufi dn1tltfl u submerged weir
(sr:: a = cw\Es[(D-H/3)
duugt-D=2.00[ugl:
H = 2.00 - 1.50 = 0.50 tugl:
a = 0.65X30x 2 X 9.8r Jo-so x(z.oo-o.so/:)
= 0.65X30X4.43X0.707X 1.833
= ll2<149.6fi),xq537iurfi
ludavir duufirirto.r o riou'hl
-
duugl D = 2.50 tUot
rtUusl D = 2.50 luslt
duugr'D = 2.25 lLlgtt
H
a
H = 2.50-1.50 = l.0O lufl:
a = 0'6sx30x 2 X 9.81 Jrlo x (2.50-l.oo/3)
= 0.65X30X4.43X 1.00X2.167
= 187> 149.600 luf,t-1nU1Yl
udn.:'i1duilgrri1ror D !1nlil
49
= 2.25-1.50 = 0.75 tusl:
= 0.65X30X 2 X 9.81 JTii x(z.zs-o.tsn)
= 0.75X30X4.43X0.866X2.00
= 149.600 ruflt3/iu1ii
uf,a{'irduuArilro{ D qndo{ud?Aut
tllt le[[tUUts0uli]ll'lUodUrllU = 59.00 + 2.25 =+ 61.250 :.m.n.
sYaotir.rfi s:
riruun
rJilrsl l53.ooo run:3/iutfr
tlt:iJn e r
ulm tHal,luFllU (Q)
:cn':JduFlru + 52.m0 :.n.n.
+ 50.fi)0 t.I.n.u , .lv s t
:touYt o{ alu 1n tu ttlufl 1u
C = 0.65
W = 28.fi) tuot
9.81 rufl:/:ulfi/iulfie e " lrt e
R2run5lrro{rfoliirrirdruriturlru 6y;, . Jy y
a lOO a{1 O{ A 1U lqlUrrllUr.l 1U (Ss)
roughness coeffrcient tOliirrir (n)
- t . !y , ta1nfl 1u'110{a1ulnlilYl]ul.l]u (s)., - !tlllt1: g9l uu ltH u 0 dull'ru
= 24.00 lUn:
= l:l
= 0.025
= 1:4,0fi)
r!6uriuC1u +52.ooo r.n.n
50
Q = 154.750 m3/sec
rrdu +50.000
0rn o"tu fi 6ruuql#r:rhin:rl:sriurirrlrurirurJru 6rdolriru'rnrq'ir
6'rrjiuronir tsr.ooo rusr:3/iurfi 'lno{rldroliludr :16'rrfrdrur{ruvlrulo{d
ln unc ocil: ru'irlutorvrfudrufienrurflu Submcrgcd weir u5o Free overfall wetea. - ! I v
Ita20{fIlu2BlrvauulInu ofl urhugio'1il
- !ynlr?11:eauu1eludlurllu
01n Data:
,rt"lrt',n'ltun2till,oilllo{rotutatuntudlu
A "!,' ,,n10fl a{10{alu'rolumlurl 1u
A a !" . ! "tduun n?1uanl,o{u1 rualul01ur{ludlu
A = (b+d)d
= (24.0&4.00) 4.00
= 112.000 tUslt2
P = b+2d{2
= 24.0Gr2(4.00)(1.414)
= 35.312 luslt
R =A/P
= tt2.o0ol35.3t2
= 3.172 lUsl:
p2/3 = 2.159
(b)
(Ss)
= 24.00 lusl:
= 1:l
(d) = 4.00 luol:
-
01fl Marming's Formula:
v = t .g2l3."tlzn
=ffi.<z.rsel.<#1,'= t.:es rusrr6urfi
a =Av= I12.fi[ x 1.365
= 152.88 r!fl:3/iu1fi 1ndr6u.rfru tr,r.* ,rfl:37iurfic ar., , j ^!, , t)tt l9lira&lldn{'rl d = 4.00 1u0r: yrduugruu0n9ro{ua?
ry a, L ur, 'j. at,( lu nl:filu?0rot09l0{duuonllo{ d alufr:{!un11!v [9ln]to{ Q lulmn]rugl 114
). , r91 t !gr'tugt'rou1{u lfru1n110{r d Yrrluu0Qnflo{ullrdo{ ] rflulYl'luu)
dlriu rcd'ufldurttuCru = 50.flD + 4.fix)
= + 54.000 t. .n.
t,614.rn'irrvriuf,udru
lflrlcoyulu lux0l
dnlfllflu submerged weir
UYIrliurudr rsr.oo ruflr3/eulii'lunr7ruilru
d0r:
a cwJ2sH (D-H/3)
aUrJgr'o=2.62rugt:
H = 2.62-2.00
= 0.62 tusl:
JH =JoA =o.lyjD-H/3 = 2.62 - 0.628 = 2.413 tuot
a = 0.65 x 28 x 4-43 x O.787 x 2.413
=ls3.lI nro:3/iurii 1ndr6o.rfru 153.00 tuflr3/iutfi
o.K.
druosfi
(nlrdru?u{r{uudldrirrirlo.r o fi arur6qnrlo.rurualnl#r{urvirriu;t, uady.
9r'l u:sfiuultllu oflUtllu = 52.000 + 2.62= 54.62O 7.n.f'r.
52
u I . c9gr?ou'r{ 4: nl uo t :
:sriur?urlru- !r'
:39rUU101UrflfOtl1U
- !r' e:vnuulnluYnud'lu
+ 60.000
+ 60.800
+ 58.500
r.T.n.
:.fl.n.
:.n.n.
C = 0.65
W = 20.00 lusl:
C = 9.81 1Llsl:/?u]m/?ulrt
1#riru ror rliu ronirfi 1n a{rurhu
rvdu l +60.800:.f.n
= 0.80 ro.: aaYudu du-{60-000 -, J,|. o -
a7r<-
dttll:'lt1'llllUUdnl l U free overfall weir
flgl: : a2-.cwD3
ttz x{z
C = 0.65
W = 20.00 tUgl:
D = 0.80 lrl9lt
g = 9.81 [ust:/?u'lvl/?u'lll
2a = -x0.65X20X(0.80)
32
312 2x9.81
- x0.65x20x0.716x4.43^,
27 .490 u .5 l1u1n
-
53
sYaodr{ s: rirtrunlt? ,
:vdufiurhu
rliurorirfi 1norirrurlru (e)4.30yrlo wnzstlutfr
s e " !r, e tt301Jm0{alu lnluvtlufl 1u
c = 0.65
W = 20.00 tuslt
c = 9.81 tusr:/iu1fi/iutfi
n?run{lwo'ryto.rrirrirdrurirudru (u)
A " lv valfifla{1o{alu'loluvllur,l'lu (ss)
RougbnessCoefflrcienttoliirrir G)- I . !,, e t
alnfl ?u'l1otn]u tnluYt'lurl lu (s)q, - ! 4 u r
11111 1: !OlJU',[]t U O fl Ufl lU
d riruu r,lrt d.rhivr: rurs riurirdrurtrurhu
= 16.00 tU9lI
= 1: I
= 0.025
= l:4,000
190{9ro{lntu28ll!utnu?nu
+ 60.000 :.m.n.
+ 58.m :.m.n.
01n Data
o'lou1.l 3
:sdlrYudru +60.000 r.n.n
Q = 4.130 m3lsec
I 16-0 nL I
e9ttn1: r 1: v olt fr lu Yllufl 1u
01n Data:
tt9.!yt)n?runir.rro{rioliirrirdrurirurlru (b)
.i .ly galnflalt,o{a'lulnluYllutllu (Ss)
a a ""n " J, "6lUUorfill AnlO{U1 tUAtU tntUYt'lur.l'lU (d)
= 16.fi) tuol
= l:l
= 0.60 lusr:
-
0.6 m.
A
n'11 lr,,lanning's formula
v
54
= (H)d
= (16.00 + 0.60)0.60
= 9.960 trun:2
= b+2d42
= 16.00+2(0.60X1.414)
= 17 .697 tuftl
= A/P
_ 9.960
17.697
= 0.562 lUsl:
R2l38 = @.s62)2R
= 0.681
P
R
1
-.R2l3.sU2
a
n
= -L.1o.orry ia*llY2
= ,10 X 0.681 X 0.0158
= 0.430 rusl:/iulfi
= 9.960 X 0.43
= 4.283 rufl :3/iurii 1ndr6urfiu o.rs u37iurfi
rrdn.r'jt d= 0.60 tufl :fi duuAriuqndolud'r
6.rriu ruio:Jiuru ri', o. r ro run: 3/iu rfi ln adru rhulrjudroa ri rhi'fi rir
ludrrirsiruri'rudrudn o,oo runr rfl:ruavliureer'urilludrdrdru#rudruoyotifi
s8.000 + 0.600 r.rio + 58.000 :.vr.n. d.rdrn'ir:snudurlru lrn*rrirullrfiooln
rflu Free overfall weir
fl0ll:
llflun'l *fr
o = l.cwo3rz..1z;Q = 4.130 ruet:r/?u]Il
C = 0.65
W = 20.00 luslt
s = 9.81 tuel:/iutfi/iutfi
=2-1
xo.65x2oxD2/3x 2x9.81
4.130x3
2xO.65x20x4.43
= vsf= (o.ro7)2t3
= O.226 tuqtl
2 .,D
D
o.:u u :cdurirruu'odudra = 60.000 + 0.226
= + 60.226 1.n.fl.
,rd s
orRr:rJ:cnoulie{ru
d, i,t 3 "olnl:rltcnoUlix.tlu (appufienant structures) rilugfnr:frd:rlfru"lu. rrJ, a.r,u:[']0nl2il]u llll.tu'lyrllurtlru t otnlt]t't.lluYl'lrlu oul.tull:srlmrn.lrrltroy'tu
.r 4 e u ^ t ! , i" -an1lill?t'lftllurfioo: ousulnn 0'lnnlrir51{o1n1rfl2'l.rlyt't{u'lo'tR't:lJ:enoumdlnq;
un{ufl0
S.t. rhvqt:urgntlg (sand sluicm, scouring sluices)<f,v,
!rJuo'1fl 1:rfl:'r.!lJ:ynourhu Inur.ln6airrlirirsdruluuu16Urfiuf,u
rlru usiurfi ogair.rlidti'rdruraufi 1d
:J: vq :vurun: rufi 6'nuucrdurAurriuil:vq:vrrufir'hl n'orl:snsurhu
sloilorrasrio.r :curulir fiurur.l:vq lgur"ry tllunduuov14rioua{'lnflnlifirio.tJ i- , I d - J" ,A i
5CU',lUU1 lt1:Un'I1 u:y9l:&lJ1U l0:lUnt t1y01nt:XUOUr0]fl1l'lYt:!U]Ull:]umnn,, !r, ",r[uouotiluriosrirdruruiioCruuir?0lu#1ilrcfl :sutuJlnnno{rtrulnqjl#nqn
oo nl:l ;d lirrAudrur(rudru I"uu',fiuor',r,,r.,r uo nrr,,aild1nurilrriu.rrrr',,
ri"rr{nyrrroryrnuoonlrl iolriruirrorurhrJ:vq:ruru:Jrnnao.raruluqj6rdno{
rduo ytrrufi ns'h.irqnrrirtJlunao{ n1:un!tu rcqrilao:cltuyl:tu ncfi rrfl ung.rd ' I ' y r a s i c ,t , ! !!n:l1luo u.)'rgrcnoumon0 oultulillu(ito{:3n! n01n0gtltoltlnno{fltu]lt{u
' I rirnhuodrfluil:c6r0v010{unlt'ln:vnlJfl en0u ?l'
)rl ruturnlrqjvlnuilrnr:sls{fi il:ue:suluylrrunitil:snorL'l{u,r:ryrir
0cfioy{rlor nr?nfl :luursr^nrlruuacfix0uriuurnduqnfi 0ufl qnt{tlillunao{dludr r .q, C - , 4 ..r9lHqiuacfirhinao.rgl-uu,-u0tir{r2nrir rir}inluqflo{nao{ondoua{r nao{0rdir
illr;ldrlur.nurolirfido{nrr rrayelo{reu rirlnoonnaosd:u ahuuxuri.rdhifi
' ! a o . I- L , e erJrvqr!!'lum:luuu 010rUurnrly]u3i'lulrn'lnmrlulunu't Uouuln:!nuflu
n oo{ dru'lxd odqr n'ir:;dudur,hu fl io{o onrruurirrundeiltolilrvqrvuruilrn
nao.rrrrulxqi,lirilrlorndruurn our(u6yrr'nnto{n1rfl n0ulo{nr?nn:ululudl
rir ntorfl u rhulri nrr: tu rn16n
5'7
-eaolhil'1r!
rrn:ll
A rjrsZr:u1sm1uA
JLoh0
rJl!rlrrnurhnaaostru?nd
lor::tntmtrg
r.5-e
ttJr :!:! ulrJthnaaollra?nqi
rrn:BrohtJ
Ur!?l:u1srr1tl
Secllon A-A
*mormJtrqi.
,an'l l ulj{nuil1u r,t6r J tgnlJU'tHvt:1urnuInlyfiu13ryr
a
58
A
r!ll3u1Jrr1Jiaorelot q)
{r: irsulrnhnieor h0?$ql
-lo!l3ulglllltl
rs?rsu10nl1Jr!?rllnrllhnieortrduql
A
L-
rtrlreonnleE3.L
S.cflon A-A
:lM
IIII III'11
hllrl l,l'l'l,l
trr'treoun{r
rrd'ir
II
* rasltrgt$ad!t
3-2 n 1 r rd.!fi ud 1 u lln c l ! nl cu l rM l't u6r bn i ttr{ naun i n
xX!hri
59
a,!lr'll untn
9A 'U
I JJ1J:&9r:yu'luYt:luu0nnln lltulYrtglJluTl:1ulla?u{Y2ut&1jluu'lYlllaln
'a -,- ln, v te, ' i
n:rxfr {fi iliu'ronirlriurnrin}iriru n1:i?u:uururirvrl{il:vqr!'uru
m: rudfi il:vluniurn drniurJrudfi nr:rairdurhuh{q.rdu6nlri rn:rvritti:Erlu
rirdlnadurirurhulririoudu 4.rotjr{:rnrir 6r'hjdo.ran:v6'uri'udrufi rairul{riou1y ! e 4 { idq,. v e t6'to1fl 1:morI 110itlt'l{'lul'llutt,ou:suluu1n lutlnotd:ltu:tq1!!]u
yr:ru ryrrlvrdou :r!ruli'r0u:vurum:rtrfio'noqirrirrdounqnoontllfiro.rrdoun, ! dJ
1U:ggtflunlnf:0ll10u
g.z. iol:curgnrlu (Sluiceway Channels)
d ,r r t, hra s , t r. ed{rru?rilivq:uutuyl:tu0!d5til l?oanuHlu u9r0t lu0lnnt,0xtuf,n1r
r;rI'ruyl:'ru ilrrq:;urun:ru6'hjarur:o:curor,rrrudtlndtrl:!ereuruiltnnno{
arulrqioon'lilldrun rvt:tvvt:rufinnriuourlrutruosrlrufiurntclnnrdouurrrnuj I r r , ' ! a rr a.d ' ! r Ifiyl:'luYr:uuluoon lrllrd?ogoo0nr?6'l r :'lsocuu0{no{utl.l]lu{nu:r}l?1{fllu
rrnvilr&e:vuluvl:rul#rfinrfl uiolrir 6'urfl utounrsrd IJ:rqrrurun:ruovdorc qrA ! J^ J - , a t:nu1 tfianourdlro :o{ulut:un?l :ort:tu1u7l:lu Yt:lunnnruUFllullluotllu$t
lnu,uturr'.,ir'u'r:ruluyr:'lu\dld ur:rvrcn'nfi{uil.rriudfirli d.rurj.rf,udfirld z
otir.r 6o
nlcAu (Division Dike)
rl ruuavd:rq :v!luvrr ru!sdgr{rliri r.rfiuInufi rnrc6uf,unaNd{rdufi
rirrrurolln:lnr:iail:rynuurirdnuarlnrlnr:lorj:crruuriil rfl udu rnu6u
dn{r:lrvuru 20 runr u'l'r ornil:vq:vlrun:rudulrJnrrrlrurfl uoorir:Jrcuru zo
ru n : usi'1 d i rrfl u do.r u r r}l r,r r.r r?rr rl'lu ri'l r', nu-n
iuwnounin (Concrete Division Watl)
r,l ruuoarJ:vqw!'lurrrudfl{1if, nfiu Inofi rirufl lnouninrTunar.l. o i",fl runlRou ni ofr 'lri ru rlrnrinusi do.tadr'r1#rirulnqi torrirurrurrornilrrq
J r, , a i , - i: c u ruyr r 1u ll- u'lrlm rldru rru ou rlrurn u?n !rnrun um fr?ir1u1o{In:{nt:ra
rJ:cnruuriflqrir fi6rurlnouninurmrnJ:ser:vurorn:rudu'hlnr.rdruruuoori"r
75 tltgl:
60
nrurJ n6il:vq rrururlrnnnoldrolrqj rvaiml{fi irn6.rtoliorryuru, -!Ylt'lu uaru:lnurrollj:yfl{{n1t:lnuflut0{:euluytrtulj:su'tst L0O-2.00 tugt:
rrarri.rrfir{rnao'rrirov'lnar.iru j ol:curoyl: rulrJriou udr6.: ovlnrJorrirrJ:rq
,rrirrlrr4rrr',orn:ruclolfl nafi m nrr,,aild1ru,.?',a, , io ,l iu - !ul tu: o{tgu tuYlrlun {o o n't tn: yltdu 1 [ultu u 1n:2oyltluyt [u au1n i103glflou.lq ! " lladt A a ,
a{ lU:O.::glJluyl:]U$il tUt1AlUUli1l-lillYitilUU09lnmtlU (sand trap) tU0[UU?1
-in:?9lyr:'lufln0uviu ouglfiuurour6ou6.r:v6'ul:d rJ:vq:rururltnn ao{dtuluqi
rud'r 6{floil:ser:suru:lrnnao'raruluniuunri.rriru?rnao,rfi?n: r2 udrrflnil:csrqy! - i , t,,. J - y , t:cr1ur{r1u t}1u'lytoY{1ro 1n:':nm:1uylfln0u0ul.t Qo0on til(ai'lulrquriluyt'turllu0u
94qnun trdr6{fl qil:&S:uu'ruyl:ruuaurfl oil:!fl rsuruilrnnao{arulnqirirnr:rilrir, r Lrd !
t{tnao.rcis1il6n ril: rsnuu:unl:rfl n:J:vqr:vuruilrnnno{dlulfl d uaeilrygdlu
ll.t q uayrJ: yq: u!luyr:'tu0{do{fi rnrar6'lnrr,lr,flnvrioufi'u n:rnyr:rudqnr}rf,er
trdulrorniol:ru'run:'lu ovnqnrr?rl:Jlunaorarulrqjld iorrcurumrruddo{firri
lurolon'irRaordrulnd uavlsrrtofi osrirtin:vuarirfi'luadruu lurucrfln
' :vo:vutumrtulrr.t0'n Ireiluruv flsril:csr:curumrrun:sr]dil1'luior:suruyr:rutt
ostiou n'irn:suarirluuilrirrravlunao{drulfl ni
s.s fiuloilar (Fish Ladders)
'lucirrJ:crnrrdu arigoruinrfi naruigdinqnururi.rn:r l#afirriulnriulnrlnrl{dornr:fl nriudrrirniud ruriorduurrrlrilri 4nuvir rdsl#
:Jatirudulrlnriuuaclr'lri turovriu{nrdru,nu'urirld,flrn-r:a.r'rufiu{rJnrli
0t1uD:ru1'tst{.9t
u : o.lu 111: o: 1{u 1n?1{11:uu-lor 1.00-2.00 runt
air.rlififirrlru firirluio.ra'n:l:suror 0.7s-r.s0 rufl: iorilulnilarfiarnriou{r.r
nu fioil:slror t:4 dl t:6 uci'lilnr:f,un'ir r'+ rdelril#irluiollnau:.rriu}l!r I a J t
"r c,
lu jo{fr druillun{r;oufl {f,ulilfl u:vurvln 1 1.80-2.00 run: rir'h{r6orfl utir.r
rirGasins) du:rn'irlrituyr.rtllxioriuriu'1no'ncioliloaoniol drururrururird
lrild6n6.rnrnri'udruyr.rio.rusircsr'nrflu4u ooo-soofirprdrrrirudrtoldrur.r
riu\nrlarfi 6'nuuvrfl
6t
I
:
d
5€
'
'6
T
I
a!I
.D
.9
ESE3
6t
?,
.s)|G
Io-
l
J€
!
p
@
I
cpE
Ea
@
IL
,
I
I
.9
-tI
-J
LI
Ilrtltii.iI
6
i
t
--EEA
"E
.Lt-/1
at.6
:ciarc
t
I
EGEF
5
fo1
..te
fu"lnun r un yr rl rj.r3-3:1111
II
I
II
I
I
III
II
-lIIIII
II
II
IIIII
I
I
ILIII
IIIII
II
@
62
r?r{ugiavou0Erorcdo'r1fl#ilnlirur,rvqdruhjl6' do.uurirdosrorsaa'lrTuf,urdo
lrih?drlnariruriorlrlu:rsraoerio.r uacfirl#fidlriourirrfi.roqifirprir'r 6nr?r.r
,dod1ri1d,o',, rJarosorf,ufinrruoou'1d ,,0,oyi.,oa"dr.duriu'lnnirunr.rrio.t
' iny llfia'lu t9r1llnflu':
rdol#fi rirlra16ruio.rriulnrJor 1u:vn'ir'rrfuriu'1er rio.rfi rorslld
drrrnrrrrlduurn firhjo.r:iu'lnrJarovlrrdqnrrdrrioulrf;na.rourf;nfiqofirirrn'w- ,t At ,
rrxduqnrirufi:laruior rduturn 0.50 x 0.50 runr a{liloudlxuro 0.30 x 0.30
lUB')
, u no',nr:l1, du.:riu'lnrJarrvlnarirumr:iolfi rorcl{fi 6ruil{rrr{udr
rirfr.rlnadudrrurfi.rrirur,r'rtrrl'lrJrfludur dru nrrrurrsrnsixtol:vriutir:vrit't
riuriulnosrirriu dsr:r,irto.rrirfi'1ualu:'s'r d'rlrin'r:}irirn'ir o.so runr/iutfi
rirriunrrrurrsrnsirlruurr6rri''rru'ixnJu:riulndrn'r:r?oufiqo d.rlnurlno''lrjn'l:
rfiu o.ro ruer: rlaroroduriulnlnun:vlnnrlrrriuriuln}lld6nmtuurr fiu'let
ilorfinr:fi fl vrrn:luSoaroqrdrufl nlt*'orloln'uf,q:to.rilarniu rntulravdn{
6urJnreir.rlrrsislo{h;ilnrr'eru'nvriu:Jaros'hi'irurirfi uriuln
lufl rqriu 6rhJ fi nqrru rorirrluhieiorair.rriulnrJar:J:cfl ouolnrryrqI'tcdrurird!,y.qrqddu
illYlnlrxr lrflnud5r{ tiYrrlluuacr!ou:cu'luu1u1{rrfl{ur{n4uou nu ou'r{ ttno ?
{ruro{In:!nr:rarl:svrruluflolriun-novlrifiriulerrlar rnrrrdnuorcunvu^du
rs.rrlarlurfio.r'lmusixriuilareir.ril:crrg n1:rururiufJravdo,,rrdsuq'rroio,iruru
n?'rudsn?n lunr:rururiu{fi1ilnrfioun'u riuln:la16.rfirl:rlonirlouuavdrld, A 1", ", - J-r" e . c
01n1t ?rou'ull u r1'l0u:uu'luu'l9l ?utln2 n'l:0nn{u}l taua1nou11.l0t0lu1n]t0vluu
qile ::nrionrr:rr',ori',oi',r,durdro ,nrrrnrrfu,durrrr',ori ,6urrioruodail0'lu:J:vrvralnu6.rlrjfi rjulorlar iirnufi fi rinlfuluiiqn
3.4 n1{rqq Qogways)
" a jv , rrir cnlru 6 rilufr sio{airlvrr.r.1.rlifi drofi ut:rcrhuururilloroair.rlfl uuil
,ri''rr''rouirri,rnu.,{uir6.rfinr:rirtlfiuurn rdu lunrnrruootord:rrnalnu.ryfidn
lflurJrovqn#narnrrfi.ruriir rrdt}iou1#lrauuur.,uriluou', 6'rrliioulrtlrlai ' J ! a t a e adq e, u I y ,a0ufiluula{u1 q{rr a lu 03a 0uu-lulflnH 1u0 {fli 0{11'r?fi [flq{ tfl an luu 11'luFl'tu
63
uisdrushuhlldurrn drrJrioul#6arriluoqjruu'odruudrosrfl uqrJer:nurinr:
dryr:vrr.rrir rirlrarirrurlruhjnefl?n uauo'r0rfino'usrrruurifiudurirriodrrlruld
drulunrnruu'orolil:vrnslnuraruuilrfi mrrqrairllidru
odr.r\:fi6 n'roqodfi 1r.i1dd.r'irfl urioreir.rl{dilruqnurilaruol:Jdri
rirlnalu,,ririrurn ourdolsf irovfirirrirua'urhua'nnaonrrarudrtrhiairlvrrlqr
\ifi 'ld' rx:re.qr ov'lH afl ruirr1ruCrulillduun niodrnr:rurilqrnuunrir'ldd | , I duro dr , , uYir
dga?nttagt?nl:?n21n'l:a0{q{nltul n tunlt u gto'ltl:1{vl1'lc{(l 1?Yltl 1u
orrurJndvrrlryair.rduirtl louan:cd!durlrooouuutldo{n'nfiu
:iu'lnrJarniorJ::4:rrron:rub?rirolrfl urixdu l rhu{rltouu.qlrfl ufi rttt.r9 9 dl Y. u q a A <{ o ,
doil,ii'l'r rl51.rflu ]u nu 0.r010 Itn'lullilfl0tllu [n]Jatr:onlu il:ufla{luunlltvt{l,'l.l
yutlrourr.ll'ld dr'hidolnr:rdurir'hJe'rrurr.rqlurn fiosdolair.rnr.rq.r'l#unr
' A . u, i, ervirfr ocfirld uacfrilrnylrlr{rmr.1lrvfi uruil:rqflnli d.rocrflneisrdodo{nr:
,! e d e trruro.l.rrrirriu mrl$oron{rufiul 1.80-2.4orusr: ucinruilnfrtrnir{ tsurorAttdttl,
6.00-9.00 luot s{lra?ttgrtlu?utlavtulnt0{c{it:vout:0lYt1{cI{9lololfl21:3o]J
duilroodr.rrioudEn 1.20 ruerl rdol#qrlrar{r'ldacnrn nr:rYlrnsrjrr:rlridor
nr:lfrirfr lroiruil'rrq{a{'lilfur6n Hydraulic rump u'wriuq.rovh,iluaoontrn
vrrl.1.r,[d{ Jh,. d, , d d ! y n
tr0u''u]uu''r tuo'lrllucto{uYtl{qr r rlsrloutcutuulf,:1{ luu{:1!a A I , qt) , i . i I a A !
u:ou:l?olfl2Yl{:]uq{0qm1{ lgrt o{quul nouYtc{{0caouu1u10{lt|oursllluul0sc u d e e aea . i' A
0nlnu5lu:?ulla&u9r[1lu [[fl tnur:uu5 0u lla? ttl:0alnlilflvlc{ilrualufllurl0u
rrururirlilrnrflJ: v4ri r
3.s ilrvq: rururfi nnoolcrulud (Main headgate,Head regurator)
il: rqrv u rurJrnnoo.rdlulH qi ixrirfi nruqurJiurrri',1rtIno,r?rouu.orr.r-,u,adr.eAa{ttlxutlrul0l fl'lu9t0{n1:lrne lulnufl?1uq10{flao{ [11u0]nt:dlnqryilt'llllufl0.l
v uvi, ,u,a, ! ,- I ed:1{t?Yr lnnaotlrllulfiru{ndru 01tuuuruflrvlJluufloun'ruqu rll'l0lulun?
i ",orrocr onlur?uHluiiu'leil|alurl:vnl:60
64
t. rirorlnn,rirnaoraroluqjurnrfiurJiuroriisio.rnr:lddrnr:rnu'Jtrn
lufiqnficiorraulortolrl ,turJ,ioutr?f'rdrdnaltlld6u rflunr:qrxrfiurirlnu'hJ
lrirl:vIumi
z. flrrir'luauirnao.raruluqjurnrfi unluotolnaoroyiu'l:J'klnaolov
r{{ ilrc1tlnoonmrldo{r,tn rfi rh?rfinrirrirurinudowrnrAluilrudufi rnrcilan
rr.rrJnrunaolovlrilfiurirniotriiu#oulrinol# nr:ri{iroslilaynrn rflr'ru
:rriudrlunao.rarulnqjtndrn'ir:sduirl#nr:rfiufi 1tu1 supply t.'"ty ddruun'li9a,9
Ita3fl o{[fl ufl'tcI0u Gruna0{n1u
r. nao.rarulrqiur{osuocdurfiu u{:rcGusr'rnao{unyriunao.rfi rirrin- / lu e a tfl{TnlUA{',uU0{0',lnu1 [l4arllnao{[nun?]uu,o{nao{ ncatnyluorog lunno{uu
I
rirlr?naolaru'lnnjri'rrirlr.ildolru:]irrorddornrr uovelolrdurirloasnnaorrhu
+. rili1r u,{',o a o.r arulr qjru rnrfi ustor nr: orrt'llrt nui'rri rrd 4rl,1rlfl'[n:{nr:sn' :cYr-ru
s. rJ:v4rrururJrnnaoraroh.rqiurqrril.r{losf,ufl cnouyrrruu?rnoolld
lnufi:sdu:drl:ye (silt level) (rn'ir:vdun'rrlrrq (floor level) n:'ofiururJ:vq
rfl u ru-ntiirln arlru du u ru (overpour-type caresy dltrul: fiurio.r6ufi fi ns nsu,
rn:rolurrridrrrn tfihifirl:ve:curoilrnnaoldru'lrqi orvnoun:ruotrrqordrnaos.oe t , a , iu'ug r- Jyyn llrflno{nu 0ul{r2nr:? fl{u't tlr tfr0'lr,l!1uluylno{nlfl[as]fiufl'1,\lna0nfla0{
nrurJ ncr'rJ:vq :;:rturhnnaoldrulnnj oveiroqiilq6rroliirri"rnisior
:crluyrr'lu rrarl#o{1nd:J:eqrulr'ruyrllu}riordou:vurudrlrndqnrrirdolrirl6'I - ' 4 i 3' !rfroordu:J:c0rcurom:ruuSortou:sururhdruinurio{rir ur1ril:uq:rrruilrn
n lo ,o . q .Id !r, ,,na0{dlu ]firu tfian0qrdu0 flvnouYr:lu ]uolu1n0! tu Enrllna0.:o <i rt q , 'i , A I dtun:unfli0rlofia0{dlu tuq0on0lnuuu'r l,t1{01nrtou:yrluu'r ?rro
rlruurnuaslun:dfi hifi ornr:yrnria go*d",ion scheme) il:rqrruruilrnnnolaru.Illqjoreloref.roqjluu?rT
ordsrarrrrrirj'rfinrruriunur{urrl 'hinrrair'rrJ:rq:rurur . ' I ,!A tq , , I : - y'rnfln0{d'lu lxrltuufln{rrur.l'ryrog tu14o'lq.t r
',lyrJ rD'l0rcrlsoa.lytillla2qnaluul
a )!,o-lfr d"lrouJ:cn0uo10rfrodunr1uld ucidrirrfl udo'ralrrr?r 1 rrdrwclolurifitr e ,l ', , - o., l, a ttlo'rnurrugr ryu d5l{unn:o <spr r ri.r6'u1#rirlnanlduun'arnr.rtlnar.rurjrir
A . !u u A ' d .a A A! 'fl lonlnl:llO{nUnA{ (Bank protection) OUl{Ull.l[[:{ 14: OlAoUYlgl{lllyeteUlurjln
65
naoraruluqihi6nuir'hJrrnn6.rurnl usii;Hdsu'ocfi fl v noum:runnorludr.r
'1., , oo,, !! ^noo{dtu'lrqi0tilrridlfr.::J:cqiltnnao{dtulflrli rirl#lir.rnaolstoufifiurfrurauon ^u ,
'4 i ! ,, , a o ,glO{140n :0tll1'l:&U'lUYl:1U11:OYl'l{Yl{U'l (wasteways) [?Yl'l'tfilUlHUO lnOdl
rJ:vq:vrruil rnnaorarutrqiriurdorruron:ruaoqir,r.iir
nr: dir{il:vgrvuruilrnfl ao{druluqjliuuorn'.ruririruirrorrir{lrioufiL 4 ! a r, ! - .t
n?'tuuuft{91 lyttlg [uu:l'lsluna{0v tuQnu]n6tau ttnnguoSnouYH'tunn0uluuC n, ,! a t ^ , t ,t
?nndiloon'lilnar.unid1 5.reio{noulnaonuir?0ll.nirrJrvqrirl
nrrdgr{:lrrt:su1u 1nnn0{fl lulnqjird'ndrfiqfi rcgto{fi or:ur
3 rlrunl: n0
t.; :J:nrnynl:vqr&uru'il1nnao.rdrulfi q;
)) * - i-2.) :3911I91't{ 1 vIflU? tU{nUYl112{1U
,t
:.) rliurorrjrfi rrrildrurJ:vq:ruroilrnnaoraru'lnqirdrnaolun;
ru.rnr o {do{ : rurUrirr o lil :vq
a.6.t t finltofiJrc 1rc uwillnnaoqmaluqf
:Jrvq rvuruilrnnao{d1u'lnqilfl uolnlrdru:nlu:cuuci.lrirfi osdo.t
fi or:orrrn'onl#lt?rruryaufiuanrur{olfi il:aq:vrruilrnnaolarulnqjfi eir fi
dnuorsrrsrnsirqriuoon'hl rrcifi orrr,riouunli fl u z rJrvrnvrryirriu n'o
o ln e1. quoul lva DJttlu (Overpou-Typ Regulators)
.t6oil:vqxuruilrumnfi tl'luil:!qrfl uru'nlri'rir'lnodruii'uuru uru' f, - , " ,i:J : s sr ru's fi o r o rfl u uuu 1n uu uu u- l A'r ci o 1il fi"
,., h?n:cnrud'ndr (stop planks)r.s i
2.1 lflt6uuo-nri1 (stop logs)
3.) utu:l:sexnruurufi ci{doufiu (sectionat gates)
:J:vq :arrurJ: v,nrd,nr',rd o, air.rluriol6ufi fi oynoulnour'luuri! ,: , Lr<! .ritutn qvnourfldru-rrriroonlririlu 2 fl?nfio l) fl&nou utuuoul4fn (Bed loads)
' J u A q ! y ,, . e y t[!un:?olravnrluuu'lu{.1 l1l a16 ou u'l9l'llJ110{u1 61 aou lHxQnl nlna0{rr1u lxru
ld naor ossio.rsriuotitr:rnrir ueirudorornil:vEl,o{il:sqruuru:Jrum overpour-
Type Regulators rftioub{ir#uuutnd'n^rrir}.ra,irudrr,urJrre,d,oao{nr2nunu
,r.rrno-"'ou4lurirdurir.rossr^no{urirururJ:rqlilxqor{rlillunno.raru1rlqild
66
2) nrnou ayl6uflrtavl,rr]u]n (Suspended load) triu flvnouaulfiu'u2dlaood?oqllu! ! <u ! r'urruuu 0ir tflaflruu'rrrudulnurl:gflr{rnoo{arulfini1il'ld swnouar16unfi
o1fl r:fir6aurel2o t{rrJrioulfilrur'rrilrl4,,,luu,nrulqnld rsdrurfiunrrutt, t^ ! ! ., o ! ) .r,
etul:ol lflunnu ]fl1'lvo&uufloo{d{uundlu0{no{tJntgllatu'[tt{lYtoYttcnl tflrti r, r u ra
fl cnouosrounaousr'rou ronaoqm-r{run'iroc'1il6fl rila{rnrvilnn unsnao{iuhi6uo a
t,
[1'U[11:1Ufl vn0U AU[0UnO1U
^ ," eTUflUI lfi A'!1UU1U (Overpour-Type Regurators)
ltOA (Advantages)
r. 11sl6uhil#nao.rarulrqiniurnrl&fl &noufl u'rlJr{rnao.rl66rdolornt ^ 'JJu ,
u lgloufl luu[YtluuYt l ntfl1nao{9rly
2. ntn0d: t.lfi0u11{on
'IlO ldU (Disadv antages)
tlil. lriavnrnsionr:flnrflnuruil:egur:rsilnurn llauluflusfielo{nrt{ 4 i Lt-! , s 1 J,y r.d Ir n :ounrlultuuu0'r1lulm?ufluutunn0eunlu lnulnlfl:luuot ]ulfluu]u.r{ou
,nylou lglu'r
,2. uruilr!qro{rJ:rq:ruruil:vrnrnfi 1r.ifi qrJn:niriiu0o friction
:vrirlfirurunuio.rutu 1groo""ry fi oorio 6lrfl quru'ld'#ruaeiirurn
:.dr*rdrudol'ix:su'irln'rururl:ssrlri.irunr:rvulndtulli'l#iil#ril,
lJ'ruuqasufl u?t:olloav]Jlua{lilriuf, ukiuuuau'mlurir- ! uyy4. u1uilrvfl :-uui{6'uro{ilrlriliou r.l:rq:ruru:J:vmmu'61rfl uil:uq
d a<flulntanldu Iouuln
- !n2. AuA ll aao@ 1u (Undershot-Type Rcgu.larors)
6orJrvq:vuruJ:vrnniiuruil:!qrflutfinti'rirlnnnonlflltrru !lu:J:rqtouJ:vq:sururJ:crnyldororfl uuuu'lnuuundqti'lcio1ild
l.) uluilrseldurd.r{nduuavntioua{'ld (Single Slide Gares)
2.1 uru rJ:vqlrJlrtl lRadial Gatesl
rJ:eqrvururJrvrnrndrnurvfi ov aiNlur{o.r6ud{fi fl !nou'luaullulrd
irr?ou ur?or,fl un1rd{dll#lirs'outir.r'lraaonldlrurJ:rqr{rnoo.rdrulilqi
qcnouludldrio{rtouo:1rhirl#naorgriurvir'1:rin otir.rl:fiflrudrldudltnr:oon
67
llM ) .l+ u: 3nr YU',r utuRu 1 tltfl ?r1xflulJ"tu
lnglc tlldc aolcrodlol Oo lc
i.l. tY.t. r.a
1$ r.r il:t,n:curtrflinfiilvnnanfluuiu
\u. t. ir.l
trop I
w.t.
I
t..lv.3
scct iono I
9olrt-
ringl.'rll& 0ol.
6E
uuurlr.urdr il:rq:rururJ:vrnnfihfil1.filuriol6ufififlcnou'lilarurlurrririrurnld,L . r.,", o.o , r. ,i
n1:lrn lx0srtl lfi9l2u2!910 llju
n. u n : s n'u ! : d il : r q r ! u lu:h nn a o { a r u 1r qj l#q r n'i r : c n'u j o I : s u r u
oe i 'i .u, aYt:'tu tllulnmqnrfl 'lr40sYt't l9l 11t0
r. drr rnanrn'hi riru rul#fi rfl rurio n.16' fi lffi raiurc ar'!t: 6i rl:scr
r v u ro:J r nn a o r droln qj hiq.r du 5 n
drn:-urior:vurudr:sn'ircfl oriori, drflrr.lrr4ryuru :crnyl
overpour-type Regulaton ovrflflfti{flasn6.trlrl'uqe{ rrcidrrfluilrcrnn Undershot-t
type Regulators rio'r :v uruil rsrou u u fnnvri trfl u fi 1lryr.!il?r{r (Diaphragm wall) iln
linisnudufl nnru fl ioosrfl nki{ fl aon0'{:vdufl 6rf, 'ld
riu6ufl nsrurio Disaphragm wall tvtrr.rriuriruacil.ioul#ir,ltlardr
nao{Grluluqiylr.rrioldo.rtir.rd.rfiururJ:vqflnrflnld'rrirriu 6rvjururnuarao
rfinu-nuru:.1:vqa{lrlurn uacdvnrneionr:fl qrfl qrhu nr:ryrirhifi Diaphragm
wau ururJ:vqnrelor4.rr{u:rduriruo'rq'rqr,ludrrir Diaphragm wau 6{riru
fl o.rfiu hjl#iru o.r'ln arrlrno o.r arulnqi
:J:vq:vuf uil:lrfl T Overpour-type Regulators [[3tc Undershot-typo! n o v < 4 'nn- !
Regulators lJYl{tOnllAUtOldU GI{0Y11Od: tno{u
nriurirln u uu u, 1u ( Undershot-type Regurators )
ltOg (Adv antages)
t. fl orfl nuru:l:sq'lrtavnrn:rerrir tlrrfl uuruturnlrqjrlfi qrlnrd
dtuan Friction :euil{fi1uluuns jo.turu (Grooves) dsroriortrud. '
j v uv2. liluil:vqtir!rufi afi'rld4nru'lFl lyr:'lsu1u :vero{il:ufl rruru
, ! ";, - 3ryrcml'tu ncoonltuu lltfiluYt'tutt: {9lutoilu't lnuln
3. uru:Jrugx0lil:vq:vururJ:v,nrdf, u1ri,,rirafi yr rirlriirfl rudr.td.arr - !:,^lJ',lUUagt:or!:gc[T{:1cu1f D{nuu1:10u'ln
iufia @i)"**so)l. oinoufl uluoronqnuir'hltunaolerulnqjld til:tcslorrcuturi"'l
I I I I t9 trr. i A -fl0uar{rfl1na0{r'rull910s tnun [t lnunl:unH:0rrl: lJ:un urt0l rl: vfl ruutu lnoao':arulxni1#a.:fiu
69
,t ln az. 6rrirdturriioil:aq:ruru:Jrnnao{dlutxqia'nurn Inurnillu?a1
r6nrirlnq!lnnnornluurJrir :rluil:ue0Ee10{qrurnrnAol#r{u:;dutiruo.rrrcioro
rtff'lt'ldlnunt: Disapbragm walltyC,
3. nlno di l{n ou'il 1{ ({tU 0 11J: UlJlvtUUS[ta ? Undershot-type Regulators
a io , uril u fi u uu af ilfiu tn n jt overpou-type Regulators f nuurn overpour-type
Regulaton lllUlJ:t8:UUlul,Ulnlan0{1U1AnA1{ Un?1Una1{fl OilXOiltCUlUU'l
:vrir.rsrorio'hjr6u +.00 runr uavluilnqriufilrjrisuovaiuriuudrdru undershot
-type Regulators tfl uil:v4:rrrufi air.r'lelvlnturn luiltpiufiurcitfrurtrhl44 < e Ae
8.5.2 rcaunllcl nng? lalnunfi'JttluJa.-Jur
73ri!91',I{cl fi rin?ludlnruylolnlrutr?01fl ?ttlu lntln
t.) :gduf,udru (wcir crest elevation)
2,) rcdund{norJo ltop of pierl riorfirdruruil:vq:vuruilrn
nao{et1uluq-t,3.) :gguYau:o{:uu'luYl:1u (bed level of sluiceway charmel)
+.) :c 6'ur : fi ilreq:e uru:l 1nn a o.rarulrqj (sill Ievel of main headgate)
5.) trn'ufio{noo.rarulrqj @ed level of main canal)
o.l ,r,i'rir1#nrrrdufilunnolarulnqj 1t u supply lcvel in main canal),,
7.) :cd!ilruo{({rlnxo{urjf] (maximum flood levcl) rvdueirll turir
uun?'turlufluInufl0- !"r, a jq - ! !'
:uouull,inl:rfluyr [ufln0{dlu l1lqn!:ynurrudlu Isnuntd0iluu0u
rudlreianruto.rti',lr,,ritir 6otfirliuronirriouiiaoluuririr:crir.rrtrnrrri.rrirrirq9A o't s t 4 a - ! a u r ' - lny c iI1lrnqu1r'|?u3luHluanuln :o:vnuulrr,lu0fluHluqtn?lrrnuu'tf,irnlflnuyt
(F.s.L) lunao{aruluqiurnudr ri1o1!an:rer'uf,udruhiiirn'ir:sriurill#n',r,6ud
'lu n a o.r aruluq!1dru rn r rsitirirdu durhorlou fi cio{l fiu fiud ruh?q.rdu nrurJ n6
r:rduunl#:sdurirnrfiod'urlru tdruiurJiurudlrioudqnluurJrir:srr i1{rilnrt
ri.rir; q.rn'ir:;dur:"rl#nr:,6ldlunnorarulrqiJruu'r0r 0. r0 6r o.ao run:
: vdurio ln no r erulnqj fiu: r6'udrldnr:rdufi 1u nao.r naru flri'u f,- ! i ny
x or:uniuri{tflo.rii "ldurtrnnr:rirulorrurnto.rflao{dtulfloJ n2ru[[nnnr{ror- ! da . ! '.ttcnljyl{d0{nn0n1luan10{u1 lunao{dlu llttulrulo{
70
u11U:0.lrsu1un:lu- ! j ,, ur'-
:!nuYl{d0tu0&9ro{ tn:un'l:fl 01:0r'l:?unurdu09r.Aav
1t a&fl 0 {flluito{ a nuuct t at g
iur ! y ,a e .telJ:UlUflUnOUn:'lUll[HOnlUU'lU162U lllUOCnouyl:]U 1n0r9tO{[rI:3oUtrr0r
rJ:uq:vrruilrnnao{dlulilqiq{n'ir:criuduio.t:suluynruil:uu10l l.0o d{ 2.00
uJgrS
,&a-ufl a{fl orjofl ionaliruYwil:uetrc!tu tnfl oolarulrnifiu:vnurir
u o{q{lqolo{1tu1I1 flo.t
qrn'ir:rriuriruo.rq.rqnro.ruririril:vuror 0.75 6{ 1.00 rusr: rflusdr.rfoud.rrflur9.
3l?UIIUU I (freeboard) lOil0lnllUUlO{
tuln:snr:rflru:yorlrni uru:imflrdurrn orn ussn 1r16rfl unld1#
freeboards llo{o1n1:tarlttr'trlnmuli;.ti
F = 0.30 + 0.15 D
rvri'ur:d:Jrvqieulu rfl fl aoilarulrql f,u:vri
nd{fl oilofl ioil frrriruyw :vsr:vuroilrnnao.:arulrnits
1A
ulu0
F = freeboard tO{fOln1:!A :eYllutflUtusl:- ! J ".1 r, ! aD = fl'l'tUOfl IO{IJlUlnyldq ]UA1U1l4U'10ln'lUUtlJUtugl:
y - Jrr r- r 4 - iuy ' t e01:3n U1ll,lltutl1]:u1fl lt:oltlYl:lljdoottiouu'llnout{uuuo ua2ocy t JA" juyl
[t10'l0nn freeboards tLiloun?llnucnflnlflunu lns{0vYluil:ulnt.l'lut]nEnnu9
ulfi unnnuu!lutln1o{l{lua{ lnuln
3,58 nltrdlu?unruut,n,f,:tioi,1!7lrir1!7a
n'r:riru'lBlr.ni,uraro{do rrsu'ruirrutolrtarrurrntilrirdrurJ:vqrvurur r, , Y d uYailrnnaor'ldqrucio{nr: 0elirludmluqflrilu rfi olsir6onw'srro{il:et:eu1uilrn
nao{dluluqi 6ruunnrruusrncircto{:vn-uilnru'odur.huuav:cduill#nr:r6ruio o ,, c . ,- 3i,,fi lunaolarulnqjudr fi osarur:ndruronliuronirfr ri.rdruil::q:vuruilrnnool
' Juvfl 1U tlttur{lnao{[tavlu 1nfl o.!t0{:ru'tuu1 10
' ,o r.
do:m lrnl ?onrfialuflgrt flo
a CA Jrr" (3.1)
71
,l ,l.ao ,.dfl: il 1f,d1u 201:Jirrorrirfrri.rriruilrvq:r:nurJrnnno.raru'lnqjrioilrrqrlururir
'lrJr{rnos.r lunrd:cniililr'lunao.rqln'ir:vdufluururJ:vg riounururJrvqhigr, - !! ,
v{utcouu lYtitdoitll{tr ,^ Jin e dluo Q = :l:ur0lu'ryrtflariru:J:s0:surur{rnaolrflurun:3/iurfi
C = coefficient of discharge = 0.70 - 0,80
i a , J , iluA = ru-ofr ro{iio{r!u1u1i'rfl o{ilrrtrsurufi d11fl nrirurfl u rufl r2
= WXD
w = nrrun{xroldor:vuruirrionua,flr,rm
D = :yucdunrruilrrqdurrnrrdrflurusrr
I = 9.81 tuot/iulfi/iulfi
H = n?ruufl nei'r.rro.trudrrdlFirunrrioua;druriruil:vq:vururfl utunr
Q = cw.Jzgutn-u7:1. (3.2)
q r r ril #l r n r d o n rlu u ru rJ r v q q o n' r r r a, il do a o.r dr r rfl u q n : fi ldr r t u r et o r
,iuorrrrorirnu.rrl:rq:vururJrnnaoraruluqirioil:vq:vurufi'r1iluar'l,- il, y t
lJt U10l U 1t1tl{Ifl 1fl ao{q'tuJruo Q rJiuronirdln oriru il:lq:ruruulrnaorfl u rrnr3/au 1ii
C = cocfFrcient of discharge = 0.70 - 0.80
!! rtW = fl1]Ufl1lt!1O.:rO{rs1JlUU-lTlil UalIull.l0lt
D = nirufinrrolriter:rr:drJrr4:ruturflutuntflto:vutr:d rJ:vE. - !, a t !o{:Enuulatur?tu0urcgluu
g = 9.81 tuslt/?ulYl/2u1n,
H = n?luunneirwo{:cd!d1riluu,rr-r'ounvdruriruil:vqrvururfl urrtnr
?.*r;ztt.1u
xnlu?ot
a3
3)
(fl rdlfd ru rsr rlilrordri4 lrnri rurl:vErruruilrnnnoleru'lrqj116orl:rq
:srruvr'rlrJrdrnaor'luturoil:vq:c:Jruliurflu'il:vtnyr Tverpour-Tlpe regulator
- I v n : ' t e - l.lrasr3nuu10lulufi00{n1n?1:rn!dulJ]uil:ve 0lrcnuu1lunao{q{n?1v I .t
:!6':.tdu:Jruil:eaud'rgio{f iqfl : (3.2) rirursrlrie = rjirururirfi lnnriru'rJ:cnrsurur{rlunaolrfl urun:36urfi
coefficicnt of discharge = 0.65
9ratCtn?'lufl ?1'l1,0.tT0il:vu'luu'lyt{l{unt utuflit
)A;aan2lUnnlOilullrudulJ'tulJ:rfl [ilutuoI ?t:0tuu!unduulut a - lrt a t !rlrvSo{:!nurlnlullru 0il:e4uu
9.81 lunr/'lulYrnulYr
2eH
c=w=D=
72
l+fl+f2(L/m)(3.4)
tlau Q =A'v
la a liurJ rrrfi rfl u q n:ri'ru 1u do:15 ?flo{il rfr 1r ori ru rdrnasl'lu n:d:J:vq rvrru
rJrnnnorarulrqirtoil:;q:rurufirtlfifrnuotrrflud0:ullru (pipe negulaton) .ri.r
. , r , t ,ar, - I a iry r a . !Yt lltu'tYl0]]a;Yl'tuflo0!oq 1o:!nuu'l tuu(o:l'r l!fl'lxulnn0flt0R]u?01:J:u'tslu1lr. i
lHafl'l vlo l lro,- 3;'. e 4
Q = lJ:U10lUlYl l afl lUylo:i:J'lutillnno{lu lU9lIJnU'lYlCJ , I:r r c ^ a ie,-
A = lU OYlll0'l1Oil:&U'lUUlm lflnH'l [llu luq:z ?tt0l OYlllJOn
,J9r'lu1?'lt1,o{Yt0:e!'tuuuo c 3i" r r d
V = 0OlllI?110{U111 ll46tlluyl0llju lunt/2ulYl
c = 9.81 tuflir/iu1fi/iufi
H = n2'luunngir.ri,o{rcdurildlunrhviouasrtruviruviorfl urunr
f1 = coefficient of friction at entrance
= 0.505 cylindrical entrance
= 0.080 bell-mouth cntrancc
73
f2 = coeffrcient of inner surface friction
= urr*;|gl"r- J
nl1o.: a ttac b n1fluO [?91.1u
a
norHanrtuu 0.fix97
vionounisr o.oo3t6
m = hydraulic mean depth tolYiot
= A/P
h
0.084
0.100
flurusrr
= dufi ,rlfir"''ur2r.lro{yiofi drlnorirurfl u runr2
= wctted pcrirnetcr rflu tln:
= n?luul?xortYiolflu tusr:
3.6. UlUlcUlU (Regulating Gates).:.. J I , ' A
u lu r!lJ'lu?l t oulu lJ: ia n od.lll anuu'ltilrl-l{0rou ol o{ll outtu'lu
ir:J:rq:ruruillnnao{flrulilqi niorl:vq:vururt'rlrJ u'lu:urJ1ufirrurntlagd t, I I u r r u9 t a
AnUUYfll{nU tfiUlnttavdSl{n?U?efqfl1{"1 lxu tUn:en'lullllulnu? (Stop Planks)
uy J rrr 4 a ! y -lutxnuu (Stop Logs) ulu ltlllroulutll anr.taluu'lugtrtclol.l flu (Sectional Gates
Le a d ):Jru1fifl;o:J'rult6nr6ur (Single slide catcsl :J:ln:ruru:J:flnr overpour-typ
Regulators osfiururvurutflU Stop Planks, Stop Logs uto Sectional Gates ttoiilwq
ttljlu :stnm Undershot-type Regulators o;iiuru:;ururflU Single Slide Gates 'lU
,Jriofr o v nd r2lan rg!]u : g1l lu1 o{ : get g u tuil: lmr Undershot-typc Regulators tyil
riueadjyeliJ
lJ-lUtU1J',lU0y9rO{lJft?lUltliut5.ty'|0Yttt9tluYtlutlt.toux0{u lulnnqncr{
^ ! - r Lrerfrnfrun'rurulureuc:sl.rir{fl orio (Span) 1d lnurlndd'nuucro{!ru:c!1uriu0tarr ,l , e | ! ,-u lnt{lJlucr{ r3no)Jn?untl?9t'ld.!tYtlnu0? lu14aluou tln!unrl?uou1l:onlu
I 4 U trvu'l2rn1n!n?1un?1{10{9r?u'luflaluou fl'turHa'lu!3nlHun In:urr:{nu10{u1lyt'l- - A u 9/c, t a 9, 9nuoulflDnc lo lntulnflo{fllu lgtulYllnu :cfl11{n1u?t:osllul.tu 110n tfltitulutg
firriu'hiriouriuruf,n lface ptatc) flo'litiru:-uduir dr,flruru:iuruxulnr6nd.r
A
P
L
14
:ljvr
lonti?ua?n
ervice bridgo
-a\,' >--Rodlol oqle gJolntualaa-r'
Highwoy brldgo
r#svrhu tonrl2ua2nr a't
ervicc bridgc
a2q nu1!.1
//I
II
L*-aanf,nlrruthsn
FS. L.
Pin
Arm
Sill plote
t-
?
I II
3-64,
u1u:c!1u I fl.! !t5t u r Rla.:nl
I
I
I
'15
sr. Detoil' B'
m
)]I
Sr,vice brldge
Flood lovol
Highroy bridgr
oiophrogm Wall
_{tt...,
Radiol golo
Longltudinol S ocllon
0ott
Diophroqm $tll
-Top lcal
Dr loll "A"nchor bolts
Focc plole
Foce plolc
Side seolldolc
hoa plotc
Bollom leol Sill plol. Anchor
Fill r.cr!swith gro'.I
Ancho, bollg lt tD cloil c
Doroll rr B"
r#)r
ll3clmcri grq,ll
-Fillrcc..
t:
gtli t.zt *^aut c"rc and car. sill
ltti l.z ululvululh{ trtcErilLlulr![
.\7
76
r,, I a q, A j j'hioioc:-uu:in.uro{drilrnn0vlfururdouiu a{luio.tiicroilo (crooves) gnu:Jnct
usii[rfluuru:c:Jlul,u]elxqieto{:-uur.rsiutouirurnrvf,lqndo @ollers) 6oriusr-rI cy A t . r r rr, e I
ululYt0 ll11JlUtVlJ',tUrOOUflUn{ tUrO{glOU0 lnflUo?n I rleQnA0n0U00yr?uan
friction rcH'itlfi?u'lu:r!rurlacfirdo.rfisrorjod.ufiontnrr:{6uro.rlito{'ldurn
lJru:eurufl ulnlrnidlfi nrrunir{u1nn'i'r 6.00 rustr unvslo!iuur{eiu)attt'
rolilrurnoy'ldi660 friction :!flar{ ?!ru:vululrosnrio{fiooriodruqndouuu
stoney endou:rurilrilffd.t"'ofrrfiruurrfiouotixdnrirrrurudr rreir{rrrerirqndo
rrrirdr{rrfluvre.rniorflufiu udrro.rfiiandortioual}Jluiorfisrorio}loti:vrila ; c ,d A i
H ?lJlUrrUtUnUH ?r0{l?A1U',lU:&lJ1UlA0U1lUn{fl !QnA0nnelAOUl,UO{n1lJ U
", ^oj r g<J j.r u , a afi?U 1!U0!An friction tnnm{n1J1u:;U]uYl lUOUQn60ll1JU Stoney nnnllutln0t
6un'it st*ry gurc.
nr:ldqndoan rriction rir'[nuiiil l6ofiun'ru ru : !uluuac ]lu! stoney
ocfir1#r6nrio.r'irldu:;n'jrruru:surufi:.riorfinorio rilrrsQndotrriruulritij , J J , , , i A u,q r,! L ,,nr', d
rru1lfl nnur0illl9l0u0 u 10u:2H]uYl'ltxo{?'lilu lvr00u [u l11u'E?lx't llYl0lfl annauo rr uyi- ! y ,t ^ ! ' a A^ ut!
(staunching rods) clotlOU l2mtUUlUYl{fYoil11{Yl'ltnlut uoul r[0[ Anmfln l?Ut
rno'oudrld rutorirrururu'luadrurrr:iol'ilfiosduviourf,n'hfiJcflvuuuau-yrriu
fi rnoriouocR'ruru rcu'lu rir6.ritiruhild'luiloltiuuru:vuroiturnnir.rlrqiurn rn:rvnr:1#:nu:s:nururn
rdlrnitsrl:st.lf,nn-un'iru'lu:!uruxulorAn uavil:cfrmrnrlrlunr::c!ruli'rro{ruru
,rr'lunr,lu'[rqj6qln'iruru:vurururnrf; nsl?u rduuru:surorurnnfil 6.00
luv r ,rucl: 4 lllu 0srllr'rulil tnulnn?rulursulu{u10na'l{ 2.00 tugtl l2 u'lu tyt'.lt
friction rgl,r'irqirf,woriofirloua.uirhirirlnnnr'rul:l}iavnrn uciuru:y!ru0{iiq icy ! i -i - Iruln [runno{:lJtt:'rnuloilululnru[]a&uulltunulnlugtlud?u'l:ld?u u'lu
: , -3ruururrdnrulonir'r 6.00 rusl: ({ 5.00 rugr: osfirirnuh:l:vursl s fiu rreiu-ludt
:srj'rulflanru 1nn?r.r 12.50 runr er{ 6.00 runt wfidrnu-ndr zo du rflrrcncriu
drrcunururvurudruu: rRu fi ovdocl#n{rurfl urndoviouu:lusisnu!?:unrnilu: I v 4 , d oEe \ert y .!a t oou{unu'lflu nuln?.:r1{oir0&9to.:u}nn nt [?lUnulu:r:l]u tnyl 0?ut?t9lu0{40{ur4u| { u rr 99 I , ! - u !u.r eo?.lllI0O{02.1 (counter balance box) ti0'lulllo0?.t1i1 u nto{U'tutcu'lUlionilt
A t - I .t ' J y L r) :ltu{1 0{rfla110 nil ?u nlnInillu: uulu lu0lllulluu n1]u0s lun0iunulilunl0r
u'lursururnul rrcfinnnuaun'ulilfiurirnrinrorfi:rtir.rrrdr nirun.rrirrrunsfi, j j i !,! e a
0CAllUYl'lU friction YUYIOltlAvnUlU:C!1UCr{lnn0lntlt{nU1,O!U-llYl'lUU n?lU!{Un
ulursuru'ldodllnrioqrndrloul#trr.rrlou
lu ilo piur.r ru :v:Jru1rl{ Gadiat cates; fi ull#riu u rn :lru rcrllulrl{fiJ'e
AnUU<AYqUduuflllnnfl]{0lnulutcUlucl:{ (Vertical Slide Gates) nA12!1llA?A,< f c ' f, e e6oiir:Jrilurirunu-ltolrrnau Iqufi n-rururiruEuvn{rirurHliof r ornilarunru
uouiro.ruruosfi nrulfl qi (Arns) er'no{rfl uinfi tot?{naud.rur:'rufrui4qnpd
n ar d qnXu dnriNdfi r6ou ginsl er'no{ fiinori odr'ras ri'u uru rrurulrt{hifi :' 0 {
ururJ:vqfinorio (Grooves) r,o!ulu0sxuoqf,ur?r.rsrorjo t?alunlllutu!ludu
! ouu'tu oudou dul:Joruuumr nauuu uliu laxc (wall plates) d.ril rn'nl{drirl
f,ioilo r?orfl douuurcltuartoudllto.rtrru0ru\o(iuuuiulonsdt:6 (six
plate) nr: fl olf,uri',i.dr ururrdru dx fiutrd fi r ouururtrur?t fiun orj o uoc d
riruru fiu Disphragm wau 1lu n:6fi i Disphragm wau) tvldrriuursfiudr*es''n1{{ l - Il, uv<i
nun2ulu tru'tucu{1lo{nuu'E': tnnylqo,t a I r, ,j, - ! ! seI Onlnut,0.tulutr:Jlu 1n{oqr?11[:touu0{u'l:Ju fl ?u 1n{10{fl 2u'tu
J y l"L- - r tr,a. , i:UU'|U0UO'|U onU-lu{ Pins yl{floiliillil${fltonOUgl0U0 tloytu0 IUU:o{lulull:gqil
r d r ra, ,t d t d t eglOUOfl0UAO Friction 53fl2'lllU'lUtvUlUnUnOUoa{ l6xln iiOnloU onOU'lillluiltlOil
ururcurulri.tfi6o'lildolfiIn:runutu:!u1u (superstructurc) C.uHfiouori'l.tutur;
rruldlduuruoyrndoufi tlnrur.rnnl uruilhidu ar
rncny 6lslolnr:ucirfiulacynudrtr:-u6asi.rn{ruuar:0nf?ua?n 1s.nic" ariag""li . c d t, . qe t a J[0u I dllr:uun!luny{o[a? n] lflutu].tuflt{ufllnod5]{llasun2lu aonnuulfltlu
ft?u
ir, - Juy uy au1u:3u]uln{:!tr:it9lut0{u1[nuln oonttulJtn{n1u1ft !{tl.tulc0t
l#rfl uuu:slruto.rrJ:rq:;rruil:umfl Undershot-typc Regulators
s.z rl:vqdodryoi (Navigation Locks)
u 1ud r{!ail:!yrru orodosrJ n'ri6.rru rfi orfrurJ: rqriodtg r:niofiriunriurfi'rtl'jr :Jrr4rirdorolnrfl q 2 J:ynr:60
'tt
l). lu nrroonu!!nao{f, ruluqidll#rfl unaolouulour',.,ilrt o
z).'lu nr:oonuulrir.rrurorln:rnr:roilrcnrudofi n-rrnuurRrrr.ir
luuririrv d !-, I ,l d
n1: fl :''r(ut 0u: culuu 1unfl ulruu'lruunlro'r2:0vrirtirSounflu rio.rlu
iirrirdrurdouhllrilri 6quf irtsunuu:c!rud.rr{u:cri:rrirrioaur,l',o,,oinrr,,a3 ir. r - d. s '^ . n n t a
u'lyt lflaflluro{lll,ou0it[til00]taul uountlultnt:o[lIU1n 0{no{fl:'l{1lt!81:o- uyiA I A . 4dru0: 1?llltou:uuluulr o0'lu2uft?'ludun?nunnltdn 0:1,0.tt:ortlt
drr iunao{druluqjd{1#rfl u vrr.rrdu riodrrri, fi rrdolairuJ:rqrio
ri'rgo:l{iiilrlq:rr'rorln,,riodoofllofloriunaoo 6od:hnnool no'l{Rao{ uac
iloruRnore c , -l ! t,
il: !qt: orlru0t oln d: 1{rlluo'lfil::?unrrrourru'luu'Ifl r0u:vq7uu'lur ji , i - .t
(combined stnrctures) rriufirtgurfinrsurriiouri:rolnroirJ:rqr;uruu1.ttil1 {a"l1!4eJi.,
l,lt0615]{tlunluunua& 0lfiltnU[10u:UU'lUu'll4:0 Ie8:rU1U (solated Structures)
61d niudrdouu:e:lu 6 rrdouunrurun il:vfl:surunrcul:lu01 ilrst:curunie
ronlylfitfl.,1n.l
?ttolltsotsxlu
eta udr-d!on1:clt1{:J:rfl H0dru0:llJuolnt::2unlJtl0u:3u'ruu'll.l:o1|tcqtculu
!, " AJ t 4 e Lv AaduuolnnlruoYtsr{1,0{l:l:sflr:0dtu0r ]a 2 ?5R0
r;. l#ti'r:J:uqrioa,u0rrf.truoui.toqlrnrrdrurruoorilruodurrrr',rri',
er' { ' a ' ! , e a ! .l2). lxd?uflu{1,or :rfl rr odiu 0r9r{ oqnl{olutltu ou'lflo{l11ourulJ]u
lor..riJ,ey!u1 14tou:v0rtvll'lu tloondlul4u{ouml{aluvl'luul
crd r 4 e "1, t , ,, e i I tnl: tfl 0t'lllrtqrr 0 rlru 0: yl {flunfl{0qnl{0'lu Yr'ruu'lt o{llJ 0u:&u'tuu'rA I u ri Lt - i v a o'd a ! ,t oH:OlltUgrti 'lU lltflouYllnu lylt'l3glo{1lo{nun d{n1ull,tu oulluu lflu Ytil0tgtoitu
, -'- i - - I e l.lrnltllo{lnuoun:luytt?lnnn!1:Otlfl01nntgllddnn (Cross Currcnt) t O{Ulcr{ lllntt ! A a r r d
nJ'lIoiltBU1uu11,0{tt 0u?lt0llteSte:Jluou'l.ltlulll5.1etaedafirl'llr:!n'lrcti1{rlrrgttofl qn:t uo]n1:0d:rtrun!lnlloutgu'luti1
1 t !' " jJ I a ' u9 ad r .. & a
?t:0ll:ygrtulJ]uuu0lnn1flunmfl{Iorlj:s0rr:od n: tn 2 ?Drxutnu?nufto
19
! , r t! al). lxll:vq!r: orlru0:n{0gn:{uu?fluuna1{ro{uuu'lxr0no0{d'lu ll,ltu
et tt A I . , ura J ilr6?di'r{liloursuluilriliorlrcflru!ru'lfluflao{rlufl (Diversion charmel) 611nfiu
1't{ dl
ovA I < , ! , t ,!2). llirt 0u:suluulffi0lJrvq:vulu o.logfit{lllu?{uuna1{r,0ll]uu'l
A a t I I t a u ra il6r Artonno.:tf]ulflqt tt61rf51.uJ:cqlttodiu0:14 tunao{!lun (DiveNion channel) ry{1n
! n A! r a.. ! A t eoltt< v 4llut'r'r cl nltnlflunmnwo{I:!nrr0elq0rYr{rluoYlnnl?u'llta2uYl{t,ontla!101fluJ ,uY- i${o10dl! to9l{u
e t 1' d . - A I <,n. n1: crit.:lJ:sfl t'oef iu0:nlu 01n1::lunu[loutsu'luulfl : olJtcq
: vrnu Inuhi'n-rrJ:vq6odnlo:ri.rrunei.roqjvrrrdrunrdorirto.rrdou:vr.nurirtrio
rJ:rq:ruruU1'u09l
|. l,l). llJglo{In Diversion Channel
i uy J2). AnflOUo:Ufln{ (Abutment) A{l lti?lu {gtouo
, ! a t a s r. 'i3).r0{ulrt4uollrsq}lrodq0rlunu ln:lunrn0unn0u 0ilanRlx1lt
insril:cdrfla{'ldurna t t a s b, o at
4). r: 0r,tilrJ:se[: 0rtru0: lnrtun?nllt:'tE0lrElIatt,o{n:vllddnnuuouv1t otdg
l ). oonuuuulnr :rvtirrrinrioh,i symmetry sluuu?(udna'l{
z). 6lur?'ir6yrinar0!nruuddriansfi risu rrcifi 1il6{fi'uilaonfiurfiufia9d9,ldd
rd ursisrfr nr:fl ornu riorrrr'lrihinqnrrirlJlu rio{rrurulirxo{rdounsorJ:rq
:vu-lu tgl
ry. 6r:J:r4riodty !:ur?u'lnn'iril nn'ru:rveiorhlafi{duy{ru{luilriSA u lrrj t, ,, ! . ord r, , tr:od 0tt1l'lno!oa'luYIlurt m1t rdunlnofl:l{uln1uunrau.ar-d3<,
1,. nlrd:1{lJ5sfl r:odiurflrJuolR'l:r1u n!rrourEU'tuu1?rro:JrESrsu'lu
Iqu'hiriruilurr,r,or:Jrrq6odqo:droqivrrldluruu'srirroudou:sururirr6orJ:;qJ,eyl
,uu'lu ufl ond?u11u{0q?l't{fl'lullluu'l91lroo
l. t,l). 1U910{191 Diversion Channel
80
A r.r J2). nnnouo:Un0t (Abutment) a{l ]O?iu{noUo
, t ar r a e r'i3). r o.t1.lllxu0lJ:vqr:odru0: lu9ruru:'lvnsnouqn0u0{non'Iu11{r nu't
rJrsdrflolldurn
+y. eilrJ:rq6odrgo:'hiurrrfiu'hl ru:r!0ed31.rd&nludru rl:rg6os L, Ll,dru0: l't0lr{fla1{ lo
dortis,rsAttJ
1). oonlluUulnt :1Uo]{llnl:0 tlJ Symmetry 0'lutlU2flUUnA1.la t t a e Lr t d
2).n0r,U''llllve[:0dqnrludcn?n or!fla1o{n:urddnnuu]n n0{u
nr:fl olnuu{lu:l1rilr?r6n6'usr:ruuririourld, t au ci A A 3 <,
n_ nlldi-lil1l:sgutodtu0:llluolR1:ad:c1lun01nt10utc'luu1fl:o tg0l
rcurulnul#il: s qrto rlqorei{o dnr {uu.ldurrnnr{,r,ssur,iirnisnos{ dru1fl qi
91lJ09l
l). oonIuuilurnt.tedNfinrto Symmetry nluuu?(urrnnl{l
21. rsordrrJrv4drgo:1rlcunrnuav:Jaonfru histolair.rrnio.r:lolfiu9d110tflu
I ). sioulo Diversion ctrannet drrr-t t,dur r rr.rui nis J: cqr;urudr
il?lrordrurn Diversion crrann"t sisrlt.td tvtf,urirtn6urrn
" " ri- r ,
2). tduclouorunn{ (Abutment) tlllJtu0n u{l9l0U0e t ac <t a a I a,{. nlrd5'l{rlrsErrorliu0fl uo'lnlrorlrslrunrlnll,ourslJluulfir0)J:vq
:curulnu'hi:J:cel6odrgr:6'.ro{lufl ao!uun (Division Channel)
94110gl
eAJl). O0 ntluurllUlru'!U01{ nll0 Symmetry gl'lullu 2flUUnA1{
<, | ,J .2). Diversion Channel lAnn?lllUU l}l:0nO0ildlU tfltlt0t llJldUn'l
1,AnUlJ1n
dords
r;. 6or{ril:;q6of,rgr:'hiriouavnrni :i- tr ,
2). tdUqOI0:U glAil (Abutment) tllutu On U {0lOUO
8l
3). Diversion cnarmet lu:irltrnrltnyrr'urlto'{il:vqrtoe'qo:fi n:luarir, . ! ur, e I t
oou 0{9lulyt7t!9lsnouqn0u In{lu9ro{rtrlufltllo00n[fl u0
dzurirfrqto.rrJrvqdofrqor ronoon'leirflu z dru 6o il-?ilr!quos
0't{flnr:0
t. tiathq (Lock Heads)
t< v eaty .!L!-u:vot:ofl 0:1[421ltg0t 2 filu floalutltuoulltatoluYlluu't 112
',durArlrsorrflarnluu 2 gtouo rlarfloagoououtllu tcno d]nfl 2 0u1{no' n. rurlryq (Lock Gates)
o a, c i , e Jr-d'l14:ulJnnuul !.tglo{ 1,it[[:.lY{0vI0&o'luvtlull:'lou10{u1{.tI:&auI,
lrnnn1{nuuln ]ntt
t,. lrtvl l'tuulo9
rl ltl: XrC U lUU 10lnnlU
!ru rlrc0rYirdu6.rnsrfl nrl:cn'ld
YIU'Cjmttu
6rq.r}J{:vdudroun'h:sdurir z {rr!: d , uvi
luliriior0r0rcltrurio.rlffr ururlrrq iltoo d, < , i. r 4 rre
Ytlriluq Iu{fl ru!]uu'l [u9louo?t:o tn!:Br
2. Ol.{vlnfiO (Lock Chamber, Lock Bxin)d' | ! ' ,u, a rl i f, , t ltuJu0r{uu1lnau Irl lx l.r:0IlJdrlrouury{0q:s?r?1{ 1910uo 2 nlu
' - a.o'u, ' t I 4 L ! '1U1A10{O1{rlnr:OU lUrruU0U U OUlra ?Ugt1U ]n[[Ae ilU ?Ulto]tYtyl0efl tUrU A oily A a9 d c . d ! urt te aa Lolt:olllluu0ultn&u1u'lq[an0'lilnlln:lltncdu tn llfioluttolm{u10 lltiu}tlufluao.t
t e a 1e , t " -uln lJulnro{ro1{Y{nr:onoo{n?1{ltayul?!1nluetlualnut - a at )- a
o -l{fl n[: orlJu mn nriorrn'[u 1slg:onount:reulurirrrirrigoonorndrl
A ri - I - lr,,a - i .d - I e tr oruauu:uouu1olnt8nu?ru{lrld0n:3nll1uit !uorvnlri1 2 .[1{u]uil:eqrytls A Gt 9A t , U,nu0{wl 9r1J:y8 tl1rr 0 r rlr H lu rlr 10 o n [a
lrn,srrrru',lui-'r{rtir.rfinrioirlutirroyiluil'ruuoyol0rfl ilounlluuriA a I . i i a u tlr t o 4 IItoltll 0il9toitYtl1lflfl tui :olllt ]1 ]uo1{l,tflt: oh?u
rru:JrvqrorrJ:;q r:"of,gr:do.ru{urr.rfl nrfl fl lda&q?nu6v:?n62nl:
f,orilnorrl#u:rnuil:!noufiurnColriourr:r rioflnrflnrirutlflrfild rrur.lrrqtAvdA10{lilre8r:0diu0:ufl alulruu no
82
1ru{5:atorlvdolt:tngfi -dart:tnnh
n'vflntmrJt3 mllring gale
dolrangfi
dufi4ra1
ortnrrtrh
ulutJr!n !a!
da$:u1 u"t rnfi
a"utnurvrh:E
r-Lurhu
mhrinE got milrlng gole
dol::tnrnh
tiurficr :a'urJrll
r:nuutrl_ft6nirCr
---_lT-
,
€
ltI
--_ -- --- -JL_+
gulR- -ro!i:r-r n
lvl 3.8 inU: ;nun v Mitring Gates
't I i':
83
r:Bilos?!ufiIlt
0trlu1lnn
rq- -fruf,rrururjr:t,dr,:
iolerr1J1JU1V I n g?rU tnU ?ni fi 03J0
uunr1L,rfifiJ rfiu?1Jd old aorh
IIr .l'-tL---_--
$u1^nuauArua!€'rufrufi1J
Rolle.s
:vl ull t snflunn'1.: .13.9
_l
I
84
fl. Mitnng Gates
t !o- ,, u e IururJ:vquuufi fi 6nuorvndrufi uurufl rirei'r{ uginnrfl n:Jaruu'lu 0&iu
fiurfl uqru ls0o- l600 Inufi qudl:Jnr'rrirui4fi :rdurirqrn'irrdol#rrurJ:rq1d
orf,ufrutiuror :J:rqriodqlt:fifiuruil:v4rtuu Mitring Gates ovnrleirirhJluri.r
:'rlJfl ou nor.rl, oor.,l*rrotru
Mitring Gates dfl rurJnsr'ocfl'nlir-tJ: rqriru ov n ull{ uei drrJ: rqrio- ! i-l3 I J .a,' - !"' odru r: d{odlufi rrafr fr driluilralfr .rrcfi r1fi:vdrdrdruluntodruu onilrvqqrn'ir
fidlrnrool6',,d, ovrlo.rfi ttit i,g cates firrJ:lqrhuas 2 d {rrooorl#,durr6rr:"l
rlrulurJ:;q4ln'irrlruuon:J::q 6nrjrd'rnrl#ruao:vn'urirrlruuon:J:rqqrn'ir
dru'[urJ:rqA )- d e
tr. I t'tu[6lt 2cfitvll llnr{'!{9tolJo,
u'ruu:&ouur.ru unnuarsrru16ueriu!rurJ:cfl r%#ru nJuutulnu2trf,tggrfilul.tu.t
e tu | 4 | Jtu rn n?rrtvr rnu gort:o n ru mriril
- J ,!!tuu'lull:vfl [ u'r?tu{ululvl'luu
rJrvq z uru
fl. Rolling Gates
fliu!: , au0'lu1t anl{t9lu1H2:cattto,e !i ! uru , t A
[[9101u11UU]n{ lnl.l21Jt y flnlU flU { 0! U',lU
rfl ulru 16ursu'ofi rfl o'launr:rdou ururrlr'1rIfi u1{lurio{dnoiloInu
rniorn{ru rflu:Lruil:rqii:-uti.l1d z ,''ru luil:vrma'Iiluf,{hifiururJ:vquluuild
il. Falling Gates
rfl uururdurlfiofi rfl nlnunr:dulruar'liluou:rrriuudulourlncl^ rfl u
ururJrc0r,urnlrqi iuu:rduro.rrirlsiurn rururrfiorl#fiuqjriour:rr'hi6ntll
,nrnr,riuu firr',rrlrrq,,rrd, ueifi ft 1rifi f ,ilurlrcrnfl 'lnu
0. Slide Gates
di^di,lrlUU'lU[9tU?XUnUnIUllneUU0U0t ]Ut0{lYlglOUO (grooves) lXUlnU?nU
uru:aurutolrJrvqrrurufirl:J rJ:v4rSodrxo:dfi rruuuufi"iairll{maruuvillu'lnrlnrzroil:rmruuniulun ,rirdrJrrqilrl'rnirunvrJ:lqrirnSpn riuriu uei
s,'n:nr,,rrdl{firtr:Jrrqdrunruoui ,ri,ti, ciruri'rrJr;qdrudlorill#rrr,,r,
mitring gates
umfi 4
nrt?r{ufl uuacooRltuutEUUnail:snru
n.r 6rrir, I - uy' a .t i" - id- - ' :
:suucl{uluu In?1r:lu0{n :sn0!rdlnruruoYt!fl aoulru{non1]ud'l., A e r r !: ,ri0fi5on?luduru a2ro{ ln:{rn1:sarl:smru riliinr:rcir In:{nr:rail:vr,lruriu
ah.udofi rsinrarrillrJlri nr"rn:fi rnr:rnrv:lan tlrnrn:cuurail:vmru 1il. lri, I t
fl1u1:nynr4ulnfl{u'10'lnu?lauirrr?rtkifiufirury:Janldodtfr'rn'l lurliurufio ia , , dL. r urr.
tlruls itrJ rraslur?arfrfrueioirnrrr!d? dhioronrirr]ri'ir In:lnr:rorlrsmruriu.lr,!
il:raun aiirri raun?rurj{uururo!nr:fi In: rnr:xo:J:smruuu
n'orr u r1u dru n1r a{ylu1!u!d{rirrflu cirurlrcnoutslln:rnrrdfia r e a t I 9l
rtnlllyt{u'lnn?1fl1u0u 1 tlu lt?.r'ru tlro0lnt:u:vnou ra!0.rtlu?10vun21udc.crtei-
dlnqrt0ulj:1n1r[ .t!lnnn]ulr0r lu6lun1:0onlruunodi'l{ ll0uu1I{:nulu2f,?fltoe . e t ,i I ""rt ' I
d?u lfluun0r llin?]udln uoun?10ln1:tuln lllruou cl0uul{nr{r'r1 trin'l: diru 1
ra fra, t-,
e rt,tu tnflao{nnln 'l t2
nr:fi oy'l#:yrrrnrl:cilrurirrrdrfi kiodxaur;zriuuuriu u'lrirfl udr
drirld.irunruodrdnurirulnqirdr'lotiu:suurnrl:cmrud6ocstsrfidugruurornrtAr-.r-rA
n1:oon[lurj]ra&nod:'t{mQnflo.r [ufilu?fl':n::lJlJfi?1utHlJlrdu ]un1utfi7u!n0 ut
nr:2'rttlHunrtuiur:fludlilrodt{rxutedufirmnu'n finr:quo.iouIruuneiltI{L a qt, I \ru r !l ,rr,! J
:nul0u'l{Yt?0.n Blc l!.nunaonnuflo{ [nt!fi?]u:?uu0 0]nrnun: nrfl 15u't 1{ny9 q r . ,a o I I A , !no{tl2uo' tn! :!fl'lu.!]unu0u1{ lnalnnuti'luglyttl{ lllav lt{tnu'n o{
tt aa t .4lnt{n1:aa1.l:gyl'ru {'lud{u'l0.t0c:ltgduHafl 1:0
r r c , lov s u0u 1{ Irnnlun1:oonIuu:3:Jud{il't tfi Q nc{ o.ltractr4ult9tlu an
- J d ,l " - i- yji e , 4 " jj
?f,2nttuuu tljud{dlnotyl?f,?nfl lacfl nlnu'11,o{910{flnu1 luytu0!na1?n1:t2!,A:rudoXa uu?n?'lu6oua:rfinnr:oonulu:ylua :cm'l lr1Jilqlfl6 nionr:ril
l. e du'l lou0lfiultt{n{nal,0{ lanl fian
86
-.t4.2 nl?t2u12 il0{a!?r000R!ruu (Data Acquisition)
lu nr:oonu:.ru:suuri.rri"rtarJrvr,rru {oonuuudrrilueiolfi {oxaeir.rlJi e c, v lo o d
rnu2{ro.:'t ltlJ:&nou tun1: n1:01'ltluavlounlJo{lJouamdlnqllunoontrlunEU
lnq{u no
t. unudqn'rJ:rrma kluriunufi uan{:rei:Jdunrruqltolfir6uludufi
rouu,nfn:{nllracuirru'lndr6u{ ua&lrfludurtuor''our,6ouoilo 1 lduri ouu iir! ,t a I ' v A id ' r iovu1 o1n1:ulur:ou Ia&d{norrrl.roudlYru0g rJ]sr:1fl?ull lirfr?:ll.tulcdun!{]u
ldu l: 10,000 dlriurturrurulnno{rrruluqiuavnno{aou uoclrjrlsun'ir t:s,mo!an
fl]lr:u{1u8u1 [uugru
2. ur.i'rlirelu{u x rrru6{ dfi sr'Hio{oXnei r.r 1 iildrrnnrrirn: ls#'lu
nr{qyrnirulerlu ryrnnrorura.rrirr.l;uro,rirdnrq'il0!f,'lurrorirurlfldlurix
:&usr?areir.r 1 naefl aoo#{fl qunlilxo{lil :lirurorddufi nrn'irrvfl n :rriunrru
rdo6oldlurri'rJiuruxo{il"rrluunc}iryirludr'r:suu12arei'r{ 1 d'n:uarrJiurorq.ri ^ J nqo d ,
qnYrolornflru ]n tu:0u!n1{ "l rljusruA! - c al , ! y c l- - . cr e
3. lto{lt?{1u [un:uYltllt0tu'tgruylurljuu'lH2nu t'll!u0cn0{yt:'tu. , iJ - e e , dt v a .r d9t'[l?tu {nfl{unennuu!fl0tfl?{]un?u?'llllu}1?{1ulJ:ymm o''r{ln!u'r l10ut311lu! ' a a ! - ! i - iry q e reu'tH'tullrodntu(uu1:ynuul{.rEno1qo rlacrsnrn lto1fl 'rru{n! ln
+. rulo6u doq ordurfiudud,irrfl udsrldorour'ldornunud,irnur,
:J :smn6u (Land Classifi carion Map) qrl f,nrirdu Inun:ur{nru rfi 6u tmufi 6rn.iu! ayr, A - - "7 'u0c [1-l110Iatnulnuxunl0{oun2lutuu'ludul0ir9tuuuflont:IQnilxxunfl'l{ 1
nrruarur]olu nr:{uir'ol6u'nlqora,ffi lu nr::vur,irrfl uius. nr:1#fi 6u1d'uri{suanrrl#dufi lurrsrln:rnr: 6rurunjufi rvrrv
, J i, i;i , i , l, o i- ,q - - ! r, aI8n iluyr:11 y{uylu'll'r2u l'rouolf,ulrauou 1 iluoq luilouju t2uyttrlu2 lulJ ]u- 'i , nyl in t
nlllt$Iulltavnlt[:Jauult:Jailnlt lrYruYl lu 0u 1n09l2u
e. fi rd:Jqn lrtui {oXnriurfrunr:rJqnfi rlufl opiu fi rfi rJqn qqnra
- C I t .t e J *yly{19!anlrn1ttgl:ulJtiluYl a!'lrn1:1 1! a nt]l u9l u t'lul'l {llu,) lu unltll fltu'l
ruJdruu,JuofirdrJqnrudofiilrail:vmru {oryanrtirdfinrrurirriqsionr:drurarur,l
rlSlrornr:ldri rxo {'lRt {fllrnrr?1ruHun1r:lann'xunyltflu nt: d{rirfirilurcausio
lil
87
z. {ouamxdlnuuasrfl:urfio rdu 6rururl:srrn:lurrnfn:qnt:
nr:fl nur rr''u,,rr*nr*rnrrduoruoiuofi 6u nr:il:;nsrorir,rtorrruq:lurioli'4,-i<,-y!Yln2lU:'llluoto.tl1ua:n0:1!n1:rras d']u:2urlq lYr'lirtl{fiuYru0g lnt{elrl{nu
ia,IlU (Infta-structure) YIUoU lIu nn1nr,lufloHnq nlTfiUU'lRU rfolljulnufltntllae
dt9Jfl011,lun'lfl.lu tljugtu
-!4.8 ildflnurilo{fiUlunt:oofluuu (Principles of Canal Design)
A i o, ' Ji ", J " yiry , .n'r0yr!e lli:uulJditultt0cfi t't.:1ulr11rulYr [a0u1'ltluIl0r n1:o0nu!u
J , - i - , u,ian1:nesliroguultannlfl|runlun{qo t u no
r. :ruuri.rdrdo{dru1:0ti.nirhiuridufi rvrrc:Jqndrirnunli 1ura a o i nr. !,a dr o Aa Ytulolflioon:lytt ulcd lnoulrtyt?o{lloet u!t:u lln; lu]?aln roo{nlt
Jz. fi rira.rv;ufi rrurcdu'luuilfl rugfi otrav gruvmxnr:N-uxo.uJrvryrfl
L nr:ri.rriruavrir:rinurrirldiru
4. fi nrrurnrrv aulu,r.iitrn::unasrrrtrcduf,udnrfl ilr{trttux60- ,t!fi{nulrasfl11ll:11 11ut|0{tnufl:nt
s. fi o..lro,iuoA, 6.rurf irovfi nrlrJduuuila.rnr:rJqnn'mioiinrr}il.,y , !a- " y irry
u1 tu!1{rcuurl{utnu{fi.tynHuln In
4.4 nrr?r{rllu?naosdrrlrltocrcurstlr (Canal and Drain Layout)
+.n.r rdnrnonfluRlr?rqlu2nao{
r dndrdtgtoln'151'lruru 2n no{dlrfrfi 6odo.rr,ruruu1r?n oomrlo{'lu
ruurdosrirl#rirlrnoonnrnnnortJridufi urrv'rlan uionaorfi fi rurnrf, nn'ir1d,1, d4 e ro la , ! A ! - ^dro'ln uunfl oRa0{0yno{1't{oq luuu?cr{u53ou(ir tul1lnn{u'l rRno{uurufl o
:i!;J,r.r<!I01Itru2n{na1?unrxu0gnuanuurlulJrermflrJo{run !r{o1ulu{0on 16r1Ju 2
cte/{-.j-;troanuolgn?unu ao ult?9/n11u19fl1't7t17t1t1 udgultlun'r1un71! lnq
^alafl. ur t?atn?u,vfi'l1i$ :tt1t 1
tt
a nuusl,tulltll't3 ai- a a
n!r{u n!3 u ttu 2u'tlltavun?1un10[Yt0lntxilttlHto- Jt , - ! a ,c
ruu alururrrujrrroqio:lnarl dluluuuroaoraroluqlfiorl.rhflcid'orarc'liloru
88
, a I d, - J J. o t,d d J- I - tAllu?tf,u1,olJluucr{l ul,oruu1,0itufl'l0lyttllJcI{n1llun lrlluullull:uu1 n{I:JYl
u lf , ,. J i ,- - !4.1 rl?ullu?na0{0v0u tnaolnml{il]crrogo:{no].rrJlnln'l ]nuu l,uogn]J:cnuil1
ldnr: t o rrirr ru ua&n?ruarsrmnruuu?ur?rornaorfi r6onl#lu n:dddudl- v d. dr v d i ,
:v1.12'til[[u'ln 00{nuYl1{u 1ufl?1un?lilu1nnnltuusl0{uflao{crouryilte?1{oguuduJi d o , , !
ruuu0usr{uullJu oonurrlnllualn[1'tfl a0{$oulu6',nuuunuil:ulyrfirdufi 0!21.r
.4dAsuYa)dntrlulnou0{il1n r0sl{o1nn:rru?lflul,0lJluurras0uuourYru{nlurou'lro{ftoo.tla ead, I " , l;
rrlu lnru n1{u1c[{oqn5{na1{r'l?tu'lYlllultl{rcu'luu1rllu lriq1lo{lluyt d?uYl't!
:!ururilrrrusou6rvoli:vn'irnnol.rou drrrnnr:rilrildrurrir'[nunrrillrioci.rI . ! a- t , u,
r.l101nQfltu1 st:uut0rnnao{r$ou :suc:r?l':1{fla0{lrou lun?r0Eoq rilnuuln
!ufir1#ed1ri{drullrn'u'hl:vuvfirflul!duil:rurnr 1,000 o'.r 1,s00 lun: l!n&
' Jn. u r
rluurtx?]ttfl}11 lun?r0u tnanlt 300 rugl:a di! a- ! ) ,1u n:fi fi fi u fi :-uri t6.ro{ruu'ir.rnao{drulxqin'uvn{l:culudrilruu'lor
. vJa ,l300 - zl00 rufl : fl ao{erouoroovfi rnrirfi rfl uqdfliurarovflflaur{'lrlf,]Jnao.raru
lnqjrniol#arn?nei onrrn?xEr nr:ri.rrirlnurl ndudrnslrinnd.rriori.rrirrdrurorn
nao.!dru'lxqiIoufl :r r :rcnclirl#fi ilqrrlurColnr:uirrrnrrtilrirurn-i,1t. tEnatrtilunltilnd
uu rnao{ri{rirdrulnqilududdrfl ud:runinlnqjrrdoro{1uuurdfi-!a -!:!ouytum(nqorlurnu?nunu lunrulr:fl rrgr lun:uu0e?1{oq lurru?rluruuu0n
r orduddrrirl#na o.rdno{{nrnn'uuuldutolrfi unrrrilrirarrur:nrtrldriraodr- ,l , d ! J
na0{ro{I1lYt 4.2 d?utlu?n60{rctrounn&uunoonm{do{}l{11,0{lflno{3ltu ]llru qd{! ,o y - a ! , dw
u 1olnte0qtflu{nlurnu??[oYt.tflo{9l]ut 0{fla0{cuoun lo:&uefl1.rru11?'t{fla0{cx0u, ! - .e rd d a
llnrBd{u1urfl{ lynarnucnrau?nunun:0lllrnn0 I3ur11Ntu11?'lilnn0{$0u0! luYtl
hiqri.rrirurafiun'ir l,m0 6.rt,soo runr uarreue:luir.rerilrirlil'lnnn'ir
rj:vurq 3oo uori4 i
lur.rinorfi rfl ufi : run{rr'luqiorhifi rnrr:c!rurirdriuf,nrrfi ou fiu'lu
n:6drfl ud:ru:crl irqri{rrrugiRnol:yutudrR.ro{tuuu'rfi rfl uioldrfi orrorrld
nlnr#ur,0uru'ulunr.rrJq':in'orr6rrflueiorqnnaoorrrloildrdub?arur:n:c.tJru
rir'ldod''orru,i. lournilrsotjmrr^slududd:ruurn 1
nr::-urirrnrl:gyllurdluil6{u1'lrrJoauonrfi rirlnunr:l#riorilirr{r
89
urdlrlndl#rioisusirurnrdurirqutlnar.r 0.20 - 0.30 run: viodlrirr{rurocGnd . ",- J" ' : . r d
drnrurru rql riui rxton ao'rsouru rnr6 nuci w hisrn6'llu naorriril rarulrqirion a orrout u rnlrqi rdoavornsionrrriilr: lru aotir 6 eori'lnr"ofl ao{croururnc i. eA' ln,
!anrm1ru'lyr0]uur [rnr:url6un'ir l,soo rusr: rrav:"unnrouiiufiInuilrrur0l
300 - 4oo 1:' 1un:dfi6rrfludo.rh{qorlfiun'ir t,soo rufl: nlrfittrululoq,du- : i L ' a e tta I
a n n r: qrgr?uil rru'owrn nr: :16lunsrfi ol#mrur: o dui rtJ 6lriruqldri rf, u
fl rui6 nr:rr{:vuuro :rmtunri rrdrrdutgrf ulri'irnrrlr:guura
:l:cfl rudrrfl udo.rl#unud4fi:J:rrrfldfi :ruaet6uny{ofiun2t Iourir t f'ilnrnr.rt a, i t t t j
Itfiutlu?nao{dlu lurUrronao{ crounu9l0{ lBtlfluytul9r:'td'tuou]tlt ou l:l0,0oo 1l
firdutouru-uorirlrlouqn 1.0 runr drrirLqd.rrir{rrflucio{lduHuiitnntrd?u'[elI . , i J J , Jd, ,{u Inurny{ly0u1.rlu{ltuYlxa rsfl luvllrluYlil:lu
-Arrrvlnrvnuo2luqtr 0.50 lilclt 1l:ououn?l
a.4.2 dusroulu nr:2r{l!u2nao{tt
drrr-:.rdusrounr:?'r{uu?nn0{rd'rulrqilarnnolwoual 1ullHuYt.)ctt v , r |' r.a
RU rslt'tflfl 2trilruunlttllufl u0toun{fl o ttlu
lUn 7 ?'t:t1c uwgulauT.!ee!
ntrn,llu u n1u ]u t,uu, n4 00nu!unrno{Yt 0'l:sIlio2'lilttulJ:tlJ'luu'l- " ! -d, I " , " 3 a, l
nou lBUUnalu't!:rrJ!10[lJuYl1.rrculuuldlu tfltu alulrt'lx't r unl{rsllluuld'luqounosn ou1#fi :ru{ unrur::ulrfi drrd odu n nu,r',lronirfi n'lu'luIn:rnrlrdr,.
rirCufirrfioldrvcio{1fiaurnrufi:rurjuun Ioua.rrnqornrduContourlinerilurdnn ! ,t J ry 3* o., < a r 3tutun ut:'ltt tntyljlJ:tuluu1 lnu ulu clYt'l l?tntluo{flfitll{nlt ]flalo{tu'10ln
,t
il rilu 6.rtlrrlusrna.turnrulufi ufi In:lnrrrarJrsnruuiul udlirrvnnr;lru1ilo jugr- L, . " J
cllultfl Yt'ltn lnoo'l'lil [19]'lualn:J0u0{a]ul1uln 1 q
iufi z euuuzaaotdrni:a:,alnai, u r a e da
tualnulrtn!&no{!n21{llu?fla0t3t{u'lallu tnq lau6nnlrnn0 u'ruluo ro',a r, - ! ^ A i . d i*.
?1{ruu':nao{f,1u tl.r r!.t tltr9ru l1l9t'ruuu?:sfi uil un uT d{Yl qn tultuYr tnr{nl:. - ! a) c. a , - J , ,l " , I .d'llt:ulluyrs{nJuyr:]u:&ll'l'l. uutr,ln{d0{y{1nuuu'l lrulnao{d{u1d1u l tlJ0s
do{'1ei'lilfl ruarnrf;utroon'lrJ uacilr{ornur;il-'loontl}{urnfi aerfi ocfi rldlu
n{r l 1r qi n r: o l fi rdu r o u ru'u
90
d'nus,;rdudocrrnau.r,ioriraroluqiornrir'rruld z crut 6onaorarulrq!illdru
runcnaolaru'hniilrrrr dl16uulrlnNf,rdrurracflrrrrto.rrrririr,,avnyfiuul6orr. rU ,
u , i j io - 'xu'lu'lild'urrlu conrour nrr?'r.lru2noo{rd{il'ruo.rfiufiludnuorcr:iufi luiGrJq'rin'
nirnrrocl4tnr:nrnrdu Flylio"'lnunrrdruunarnolrlul2 (Longirudinal Slope)
rolnao.rri.rrirrfiuriou dqrflurnor.Iifioyfirl#n:rulrf irlu:cuyntRaolrflu nu.e u J ,. a t !
oycioran:caiudra{ryilln (fi lu.) rdu Fly Line fircrfiuuorn'lilflrurducontour
rcid'nuurrflurdu}fthlnruuu?xo{rdu contour raufildur ucircnorcdunllil{ . J,ir r - dlr0UsllUtlu?u nU. 1o{nao.lYl?tlrJ 1[AsUnl:filfluon1:qqtrtu Head tuo{01n
- I a 4 - ! Ja io1flltnnfltun!nt{tultttljy19m:o olnlt?ou1na1{flao{ crtullu?Yl't{It 00e. Blrr ,. 4 , d, - J i - --.J c l"rt ln1flu9l lfi?'ltuueyrlrlllll tn0{!!9lo{ [x01n1:2nu'lltu{91? !1n'lrultln0e ]flrdu6l
uut.rd 1,fl ufiruyruuurnnold rrirnrrlvlqufi nr: rvrfl udlosil dnusrvldll:J
enuPattem r oirrdu contour'lu drducio'ldl#fi tr: glrd'nrdu }i.un rirdhirfl u uu r. ore,n:t ltarfl'll,tun ]s lfltr,0{fla0{9t'luft?lurHU'lydulunr:rinllurnoolf iul]urn:.t
! ,, - ^J J. - te d. ! ) du 0lAnuoltYluYl lfi:{ln'lttlul:UU0c lutnnljqrllUlnun ltgltllltJuyl11yl ftslling n
o:rfinf, qrr c\t uosua! ru tflu,iruruurn driltyurlur?odflrrtrfilrsrinrcil
ruasn?:xAnldu{rrurnno'ldmsdo.rrduhJlududdoiuu cu, hi'urndqn nrrlcn1,dr dd r, r
?'l{uu?nao{cur ocr un?uufl rlilnrrriodir{ rdu il:caufrilfl ofifl1irlddu uacq t t - 3, ^lltuHl lUolunl:d{u1llneu]1{rnul oulnntlnnl:nnrcr1v01nu'l}lul,0{nuu:t201
ornuaEriuRoo.ralqinaolri.rrir dlrfluiltgnrlurCo{nsnouf,nriu0unllunoolrflu
6ruruurnurnruinrr:lrl.rinurdrvh{fianrvrld{ru6d'u6u niolur.r''ooion',r,,,fl,
ds.rrtrfl u Inrerception Drain 6srirnaolturutJ6nrdunutildodnriurncncnoul#
lnnl:ln.rdoru rfl unr:duul6oufiuurndu iltuurrlrunr:riotir{flu'irluuirrudfi
,irloi6raoor,fl roJa::nruinr:rioair.uiuodr.urn mrrchidru'lrorioairrlrt
,''rr,,rr\d o',lnn',r"rroourluauruuu'irlu!'l{nrfirrl?'1.!lrurnaollt?cirnr}J
ilrlrrnuul6urlrrul0l 20-30 u. arurr00!udilq;urldoti116 rrrr&nrliunlr
Batancc cut e. ru'lu au-u#rr6udrnurJ fi riGriu u roclflilldfl o dufl ?: ! ah'u I 1u ?
n n ollilru ru urnn'irriru l:Jlu cut rdolornilnrurnrrrnr rd,ill, oao.r'l#a.r
qrJa::n1: nr: riodfi'r uovnr:qrradrllinurdrnri',.dl0d,
91
lUn 8 A1r2,inAOA iu'rrrTllc OEl
,l c ' tl ' I . , { I .cx{[rJu na0 {d{u 1Yl uunoo n01nfl a o{61{u ]fl]u t?tru :ona0{uun[ 0u1
rir hJ ri r u l u fiu d {r l 16 u r :J r n sr' n a o r ri.r rf r f, r u s o u n r i { 1 il 1 u u u r fi u ru'u q l qn
(Ridge) tordufi ,due.,tilt#,,ridriid,z{,odouuotirdrutl drfinerriru'r616o
:suuyn{0lnnaorri.rri'raru.loulrJouo'rqndlnadqrdortflr,,ur Drain trrtoroli
1u:sucfi 6rvunlflumsr,rinr:oon,,rr riodoruunuuumao'lflu n:6fi drrc!uro
rl:cmru'luuJarur nrrlnqrili"rnruluunnri.rrirocdo.rfinrruurrhirfird6',rru
'liluur.rn:6oroirrflulurrrn:doroirrfludo.ufirirurudranaur,i.tri''arrrut,
lt?urndu rdohi:luunr:r,rrjnrro',rjrorrluuqnri.tdrldaurlroirrnd,
+.r naosdldr flrrigation canals), I d, J , i A - i 'I a ' t i l
nao{fl.r 1[!u0'ln1:ytdi't{1ulTt0:uutnlnrruu1}l:0]rra{u1 lYIoSl{910
i. d s s , ! - , f d'1rlf,.r'fr u fi ryrrcrl a nlu n: or'f i rril u 6oraf rrnasrri {il rd'qi ru dlfr ntrrwrnErrrxr6 u',oriuooilou',o'lr,iuri',otr,,runaorririrflurixlniu qlu.rri (T,nnels)
risd.rrir<pip"i rrlrir(Flumes) uarviordoulsipt ons) rflus1u nno.r,i.rrilriu'lri'il,fl,tr.d, "-Afi.rfrrfluualdrrirXfiqatolln:lnr:rnilt&nru :rmn cravity Irrigation rflrlirJ:sfirinrrnr:riuirtolln:lnr:ov6rfiul'lnduo{riu:euuaaolrilri'r ,uno',nd
6.rdo.rrdurirl#iiru4llunr:rniuunr:dofi6us,rurru2Ra0{ uosrirrisair.r6ndru, ! a 3- ) t " i a
fl A0lel{U]lUUYll.lultun (Open Chamels) mlntu ]Ufl UYlf, 1U!::U1191a J" ^ - , A -",' ! 'il,I oo, ,l
1l:0xslu lunu$uonlruu ryroun:iou lridirru n?lyruyrd{u't fll tl.r rYlu1rod{u'le t r.e a I - - i'tl|][t n{ lglden2nllay:']nll2${[t'lttunnA0{!UnU?1 nAO{IAOU (lifted canal)
na o{d{druilro onkirfl u 2 ru^n orudnuorcrornr:rioair'rfio aoag
6u Gur* canaD trasflaolato nionaotfirtldon \i*a canaf oaordutflunaoqii
r1 o 6 u r.ri o nuG u h{rfl ul rJnaoltr:lorlsa'hi fi nr: il o.rriu nr: ir6uu'uu airrluC Ji-^ ! - 4a - ! auylnuauluoauoun :0nurfluu2 nlo.rYlu]u({un dlx:unao{n'lnuuluotln
o rL, 9 . ^ I - A!nao{hildqrurutoudr ovrtrnr:orofrrnaosriruiaqfi{rdudruhilsiriuul6en
nnor6 nfi n ur.rniofl ocriu nr:irduruorirrorc,iodleiru urnosl#ludufi 6uyrrru4 ^ i .e t - J",
?,l:onuluollulu nlt t!fl ao.rnlo0r!1uann1:qqrduul toulnlrfl nta{ludtr
92
t'or0ulJ{oonoluanuu&uauxu1fi ki6'rfi 6on a olrilri rfi r aru:J: smvr
J a-R00{01tau{ fl ao{d]u ]fln nno{d]I'l fl ao{aou lr0!fl ooitltuntou ${uanuucllac
?tuItrn{u
I. flno,rii?tn<uir @ceder Cmal)a ! vi. a
iid'nsusrilumr.trirrfl nturnlrqi rirurirfi ii116uuilrrfl rx.i.rlirrtfi r1:l- , a - ! , 4 . a ! , ! - r ,euluurilrfrunnilrd0u fl50 ii16ulriroonunrilrirrirsru'lilu.l nao{drulflqi luii2.r
u '.r , !"r'- i; I d , Ij.nao{alrau{0!luunl:d{u1]llnuflunr rrljQn :o nao{rt{utoutn
2. ano:t?l1a lnt! @rinary Canal, Main canal)
nao{drulxqirfl unoo'rdrlnrlun0lnruiir flien-r{rurdoirirr{r}l1uc ' I " , e -,- lJ
119r lfrr{nl:xn rul,rlu tu0tt'lnfla0{fi{uterlu lflru0yo0{ru]J:u'l0l1l'tyr. 4uo
drn iududrvrrc.rJq n1u'[n: r nrrn oo16{fi rurn'lrqidqnuaufi nrrudrrirglrnn'ir,tr
nao{1ltilnrou
Inurlnnnaosd'trirarulrqjorlrlAuirtri;ududrilru'tlQnlqunr{ uon
" d. ^ , J , o'o r-' a a.r d *01n01ltlut:{.1 ln'luu ll9r0sd{u'l lInlJna0{d'11,'r fl:0nao{$0u0nnflil{ ]n:.inlt
A d d 4 dr9ta:vvtluIl.till.tu{01!0sunno{fl'tu]?tiulytu.tdlulou?l.t:olt0'ludlun1A t]a!0e1n
0onr1nlluulyrl{fl tlau?fl :odoilfl tn 10 yr{uxuoqn!t|outlnlrund{u1 llncrlHu
nrrriuirrorlnrlnr: durnrilriouurnoorri.rrirarulrnirvotinruuurdldnrolir.lr fl lnr{nlt
3. flaon?i1,u't @ranch Canal)
Roo{fl1x'uiuRas{duunoonornnn0{d1ulfl qi rlio;urirll{dud;u, ? lu, i a .ii-
n21{1?1{10{ lnttn'l:cuil lullllJ'ltYl?1{noo{tl1u t tulY{ut|uofl noo{tl]lt1 unnHotSrf,, .r ' J u., l",t- I A
lun&u rYrrxulnu'rn!nao{d'lu llrru u[]u'r0guunq{[[au lud{111lrinlr^ruyilu]t
ilqnlnon:.r nae.rarrrdhjriouu'uulnriuulnrin lurJ:crntlrnufidlnr.rnr:rJrdno9A 9t aln flonooilllunflU?unn (West branch) tla&Rno{l]Un tn (South branch) l,otflAo{:Ylv .A 4 t v a,
1{0nJB{1rlUfl aO{d1U t?ttUfl O.t lfl :{nltYa :3yr1Url',lf,n tsl
4. ndOf[IDIl (Secondartt canal, La*rals)
Rno{rEourfluRaolduunoonlrnnoo{flru'lxqi xa l- 3IOflaO.{d',tl',tlltotllu1
rru2nao{crou0ioriuuri{1ill#unfi ufi rnr;ilqnluruor:-ufi nrourolnasr.rouu:u.li .dYtd{l{ul9lulnu
93
gr ru uu rriu fl a o{ryou orr'uuio o'lor: vi o rioiruiru r lFarm Tumoug lirfl u:vuv1 rfi orilriurir{rtufi rrrv:Jqnlnon:r niorilriu{rEdr (rn'- Ditch) rfi 0
rirrirrdrtJri.rlffiududumv:Jqn6nsiouurr dodrdtg:ruvrir.r:crirnaorrou'lrioAtt ' !",'- I I
n?r?t1'tfluulnlnu til lun:uvtgro{d{u1 tliRU8il1 fi?luul?fluln2roq tul?rr
1,000 - 1,500 rufl:
5. aaonuunqqa (Tertiary Cnal)
nao{uunsoulfl unao{1u]o16ni l- "nuun00nornfl noltsuryts:uritdl $
tt
ruifiufi urru:J6n fi Raourunqouliunuquo{ In:rnr:railrvnrutuirt,tu{lorotsfi
fl 6o{uun{ou yarudrun:! 0ruoqjd?u'ui4In:.rnr: nao{lrunsoufi dnuucunvilflfi, I n iJ , !
rtur9lu1nufl a0.irtrou uauutlu?nno{oquuYt(rl lurluYlrrnd{u'n 0{uu t'1nfl 00{lI - ' ! a u rd cL, iU
uun$ouiio'ln0viinaord.tdl[6n1 uunoon'hl6n6}trsifrinlr5unnao{tuunsouriu
1
lnu2nu-r .L ! a . e . -i !
nl:rrunnoRaorllY{u 10!o0r0'10'lnun0urn{nnno{d1uuulruno0n!'lna,&v4v..flao{d]ulfltu fl:onao{qou tlflntH{!rlu fi:o 1?11ta2n1runnlllltu{uo{flooil
c , a Ur , .uu cl uoulu ltlltlfliuu'l ltu
ainao.i.[ou lR noflao{cxourl]uYl I ${rrunoonYt r{il{r?'lro{Rno{d'ru
lrqjai
flao{crou 3L noflao{lctroutl1uYtJ &v3 cu{rlunoonYl'litfl tatul0{fl 00!rtlu
lrqjRn0{ruuncrou 3R-2L 6ona0{rrun$oudtud : dl]lunssnnr.tillr.-rruo
RAO{ICIOU 2L
flno{ruuncrou lL-lR 6onao{uunryounlud t dluunsonnxilldruuos
flao'lcrou lRai
na0{[tuncrou lR-3L-2R floflno'lIuflaoudlun I 10{nao{ltuncxou
3L-2R
"du 0n01nuu.td'lu1:0n1uun10nn0.t!r0uIatna0{llunclou olur&uyyt'lilo | < i a J <ry{o{flao{dlutllruu:0nao{crou mna0{lroufl:0nao{tlunryou ulrunoonulntn
.airdu Rigtrt Lareral at Km. 3+250.000 aonaorqoufi rtunoonnt{il{r?tx0tfl nolrttu
lnqjii nu. r+zso.ooo rfludu
94
4.6 rfiiuotnlusYolnrtl{rfirarlrynru flrrigation Water Requirement)
:Jiurglnrrudo{nr:l#rirrarJ:vyrru 6o rjiurudrra:lr;nrufisiorri.r
osnrrnrixru niori.udrnaorriuirarulnnj ryiournrirul:18{fiufi rvrr;ilqn1#uo
rfi 0i6!nrrrdor nr:l#riruo.rir'r rnAolfrlu nrloiq r6u In,rrrilnrrl#rirurtuI r { JJ y a J u,ry
rJ:v lumiotirdufr rilu'l{oluovtl6nrdulh,iki rdunr:rq5uuu'ilal nrrqqtdulu, ! &a , i< y ,t 'rJ0l&fl{u'r lro&nl:r?cruflrunoolduirriluoiu n'l'lugio{nt:ii txoilr;nruortuun
o o n lsirfl u : dru fi dr6'rg6o 1.)iliulordrdfi rcio.r nr:l# z.)rliurq dlmilrcfl ru
qnrdurJa'unrv:Jq n :.pJiurorriuarJ:rnru qvrifi dolriloonornri?uu ucias. c. o uy-.i
d?ullun00nrrlurluovl0un Iaaru
l.o.r rj:'lrorrlrd{irsiosnr:l#a ra !Aa y orAno:Jiuronirfi iiveiolnr:lf,oiurusrirnrrrfl 1cilQn'[uurJol rlilronir
dfi ,t'lrfl ,durlfrdoncnruorur:luoudutldurrirueir.rl torrirgiu rfl ururuAA . dt y qy! o J I a e
n1:Yt nt'lllju00{tlu'ltl{ ${t?unltr&lltutlacn'ltn]u 110{llan2u lJ:u10ln1,.yJ ^ Jl a 4 , ^tlxull,oilvtlutu0gnu !uox0illl! 01q aiqqnlarl1l!ilgn cr{o100un1nlt
rndo!uosinoil'ldornaurru rre,ilunrlrJq'rio'fuudlursrrln Haqur!tl irr- J "n! a v , a , -durl:vdvrr-nr:lfiirrslyry (Kd riudn:rnr:1#1olyr'sdr{o'il (potential Evapo-
transpiration,Etp; tilfi qn:fi 1{1u nr: dru ?orfl a1u(fl :d?uriu ucidlfl u{rrri rdl
ntirrriuudrurutrn fl nqurun'indurJ:cfint^10{0loinnr:rer u (Kp) 6udfl :rn1::Emu01no'lninuuu class-A Pan (Ep) duiuurfl uqn:1d6'ld
1.1: o
Etg =11" * 91,
Et6 = 6r*8, (4.1)
{ru0 Etc
KC
Kp
EtP
Ep
ra o da I o,1l:lJ',l0lUlr[Yrisl0{n1: tr
= f,UUMYIEOI' lIul'ljot ! (3f1fi:U lYnU{Or)
^s= tlulJ:UdYl!XO.lO'lfl ?On15tYtl1U
- .t! d , a= Ofil1flll ]!U'lll0{ !01{lorl
= do:rnrr:sr utlnotqSouuu class-A pan
, qra a 4 - 4 - -ll:u1glfl2'lugro{nltlxulto{Yt! uux200onulluun?lunn t uunaluflitflio2udtd
ll:0fl ornou luqqnlarrr'luilQn
95
n.o.z rliururiuarJrvmruqnGfi uilarnrrvilgn
:liursrdrmrJ:vvrruqnr'fi urJalrurrrJqn ldurirJirurorrirddo.rrirhia r Y i I ora oqr, , ra ii0 {ura{rfl lvuanr:'rx: oumovdrhi'fi r1#lrisrrunrrudo{nr: :r:ur0lu ru0curn
niuriur,firol*droqjfirL iliurorlu'ldnr: (nff."tir" Rainfax) uasrliurorrirfisio.rori - A ' .r r .1 a q t y a at.[tIlon0n150u ]!u nltto:uutt:la{ n1::2cru Iull a{llnvn'l:tEa'l{lnao0'lnnu
rflusiuv!
nrru6o{n1:il tlarJ:vvrruiiurln{uu&ilQn0r00eriuuhioqjlulrhol
arnr: n'.ru'
Ip - ETC-Rg-WrJ ,- : , - ^jv irfio Ip = il?ruronjrsail:unrudflifrdo{nrtfruila{tfltsilQn
Ets = ilillsrirdfirdornr:l#R6 = iliurordulinr:
w1 = rJiruronirddornr:uioinq:J:salriodr.rdurdu nrrsriuu
rurlaqnr:ir du'luuilalurnr:rvdtrn6ooonornGu rfl udu
l.o.s J?rnsrrirrarJzvnruqnGfi siosdcoonornlirlrutt
lu nr: d rv eiui r o rnrirrru u?rrhnna o': aru'lrqj rdoti'du drn rarJ q n{ , ry- I . , ! -! , A y
rTou:l alu rtiiuri rotir.rf oo Ip riu rr fi ri rriru nu'ldolqqrfi u}Jlu rorcllili r
(Apptication toss) (rgrflul:JInunr::uniuIrnii26rulunaoluavqdltir 1co.ru"yurr""
loss) uocdryt?u}Jlutuvdlit (operation loss) nt:digrAutorvb?rirduo{fiuiiov! n nvl , & a qnr:lfdr nu-nr0{6u un!fl 2lufl lulroro{rnufl rnr'lu nlr'Ifl ur fl 2unlr:?c[u ru
, !1 - - r Lnao{unEfl ri{tilriu o{fiuw'otol6ufi nao.rfuloriru 6nuuvtolf,u6ulelnooleir
,tdt nrruurrrsudutouri.lunuacnrrudntoldrluRao{ n?luu1?xo{flao{ .,r6"r
,ttd r r ir.r n r : qtg rdu r, il s ?i r d ruiu fi u o qi fi'uii n r: rirrit nrrudrurroro{vrfn.t1u d{d1
........................(4.2)
i'urqYqy{yt0tcl{ lu lltT{olltulgnljn?'luoo{o'l:10.111x,r<vtv! d{ul lllugru
1u il r piu nr: ri rueonJil ror rirfi qqrfi ulilruaor rrnarruqeitl
'rru'hlrufi.:ruJa{rfl 1silen nv6noonrurlu1il rJ:vfinr'nryrro'rIo:qnr:rail
Qrrigation Project Efficiency; dlriuulul:Jaunr:1rt6.rd
xua lla!0lu?u olft'l:uitfluu1 lu
t1nfl?
:uvtlu
96
= IN/EP xl00 (4.3)
,^ i r -Jrr r
= lllUl0l1l'la6 tcYl'l qntYlA0{dil01nH1{lu,-1,-l
= rjiurudrmil:ynruqm;fi uilo{rill!ilQn
J: y fi m r'nrur o.tInx nr:la:J: vyr.ru
n?ru 0i {0erfi u ld'i r:l:s ?yrinr ro.:Inr{fl 'rrxail:yynu R: o!nqun{r{r?1{f oy rr, . . c I id - I f, -uln lfl 0 lfi dlul:0:uu [n1ld'ru tnrlud?uuun'l:(rulduululnn?t3l?uou rrlun
i eu:.i { il : s a n t n rilrr o { In : { n1r xail:syrlu o o nrfl u :Jrs fi nr nrilnrr?i {il
ctuo
I6
I6
I11
Ep
il:afr rqinrilr,olqri.rriruaurJ:vfi vrr'nrunr:1 ruln{u no
Ec = Ir'[cxlfi)Eg = IP/Irxloo
tuas En = INAP x 100
(4.4)
(4.s)
(4.6)
tr , ,!lU0 EC =llttdY|In'lnfll:tl{lU1 0eU!n1nn00{tflulXtU0{flAo!A0U
Es = :Jrcfininrrlto.rqri.rrir
Eq = :J:cf,ilt'nrilnr:1#li1
Ip = rlilrglirdlei;ufiriu,i'rri],,?'rr',
rp = rFurudldld;udriu,io.ril,,ilrld ,, ^- , t
riion:rurirrlrsfrfl 6nlrwoltlgioiriruudr il:adnr-nutol IR:.rnrrrail:ynru os
ur}irrn
Ep = EAxEsxEc (4.7)
rirrlrcfintnrfllu:rdu+it1 torlRrrnr:railrrnlu!uAldrln xfrdo^ . , J 'lildnnrrvnil:cl,nu (nr.iUad rlqurI:qo1 drriuln:.rnruaJ:;nruff:vlturilrir
.,rflumlfrrfln il:;fininrnro.rIn:lnr:loil:yyrrufi6ocfiriril:curol'hilfiu 60 %
4.7 EirroRrrs (Water Duty)
xanlr! u10ln6r'ir water Duty uurodr rir r nrirorJiurn:drriltllut urirunnrldrirnr:rn:Jrcnru'lurdodurla.rnul.rld n'.rriurnnrr;6.lranrdlnrru. e t 3 , ! I a- ! " Ji .duy{u!tu112'l{ ru10lu1 ,sucrlald{ 1 llaulluyl:11}llranlrs tuyl l.tulufl{ xa
A- J '^ lt , aa ,- li, - Ln1:&YI11?itlU ${U:U10lU 1mnAl'10{n0 tu'l0lulyld{o0n01nH1.i]uuut0.l lt0!n0B
riunlnuu0?1 "ranltc"
97
nriudn{rirro{ranr:cfi u'uul#fiurtr1,l 6u rraq'r6.tiliurudrdrri.r}Jqe. r w r i A
tu I 1ru1ur2a1 llYnn'l5ralssynu 10 I l.ru2uy{uyr rflu
lafllrv = 0.00o2 Qnulflriruer:/iurfifli nio
= o.2o dsr:liurfilli
rurudlrjiurudld,iotjludrrr 0.20 Ao:nrnn-?uu lu t iurfi. I .,
lnaonqqnrrrilrir) arurroldrirnl:!nil:!yllulillfiofi r 1dI
rirroqtanrrciifi rirrrclngir{iiu oon'1il
n : c rm^ o u ei o r a n r r c fi o dfl a ruil : s n r : rir ufru kiu ri, v, - J-
rJqn rirdu dnuuvn:odu nr:r'nur.lauruvilqn
vl.lurfl:'tc dntnotmn:vvnJo < i,
xunxo{YrlYrlJQn qQnrorTnuI
fl1t1{nnttu ?!n'lttl{ut tlat
ft'tl alat 1oit i xuld' . J.
ranlrvtuuRlmnlu?ot1d01nfl 6nlrfl nao{[a&nl7aouin rioudrc
drruarirtolvnnr:crfl{s'l#6uIn:rnrrfirfln1nri irclororfuflanrtfloao{rla!nrtt-
aou{nlurrqIn:.rnriu"urilu{o a'lunr:6ruru thlrifislo.rorfludouaro{Inr{nrtA I qr c , a , 'ra O- a rlouytdrl{llrr0rIa? :ol0uarlnmouvluflnlv{10{nufl101n1f,'lndr6UlfiuInrrnr:
, i ,l "r;. - e 4 , !!nu:eylluyllsrlJn tfi uuu ltutildlnqxo{rllJ:H't:{'tud.tullla&!nrtu!nl:
, dd i '!a runlunR0 n1:utn'tranttv0:il lu[1,9r ]fl:{nl:llt0grr20douftll0waRlrcrnu
d1#1rn',rr.'o,,nuuaroonlruursuuriuirrsrln:{nrrrailrcynuliu'irqndo.ufiu.r
'lnrrionrvrr'rrlfurJpr6'1to'iotJ' ji ,drriuln:lnr:rail:rnrufi rfl nlrririu ru'or:ufluff lnrJ:crrurrnc
rirtoltanr:aInt{tnr:rrd? oem:ruiliursllirrfinunfido.rdrornrir.rru}Jr4rnr:r I - l a la
lAll:Ull',lU lU{rYr1nUHAflUt,O{lnRlrUnrnUnrA!rCYtlU n00lnuU0{nrlltlU?'r. !;a, ,' !iirrirfrrilu6urirflo{In:{n1:!ail:ynru firlirrurirlurvu'hrqqrur;rJqnnol#rir
r ar.redra i , ai onltIarJ:yYl'lu11t0 lu 01urJru10lulu1nl{oflaonqenlan'rlcuQn0{r:unlu20llrulo
to{:J:ut:suruilrnnnu'rri.rrir nnsrririr unyornrrua rcylrugil.r 1 ilrniliulolln i durd n '-!A 'riroiululrorlnrrnr:filrirfiu'rrrrs tseio.rrJiurTufrrail:crru'hiriluryauciolil
rurnrolnoordori-,r1na-,r,,urru rnr0{r0rn1rri{rirvlnrrrileiorrirurorI AA , ! ! - - ! c urr ,
0'ln ummnno{d{uluuruflnuouIraiR]Ian'l:vIdu0 9r{uu0rn4u [n11fllranlre
' I < d o e.etun?lufllniunonlt?1{ttfl ut&uufl{tu110{ tn:{lnltnJu01lu1n o1 l!fl taant:snaln
A n, ! tt t 4 saetrnfiou'l:Jurnovr6srolur?unrum{ 2 ellu narlno0t tunrranr:cfoulililitrudr
98
fi rirl:Jrirnrrsa:lrsvrrufi osrloun'irnrurfl uoir nao{uciavdrurvfi turnrf, runv, lr, v , 6r e , ,ay
ar{u'l ru on!fl?luslo{rn1: ruml{n:{flu1'llJnl trflllnnl:surnrfiutl rliursnirfi
dorri.rocurnrnulil nao{ueiavdlu0c'[nqirfiunrrudornrlirlrtrlolqtgriluriruoc
rfiurirrioairq.r
ranrrsrilnrirrr?rdurfl urirranr:clorfn:{nr: dld1un'rruun,,r,
nao.rrt.rrirarulrniunrnosl$su d.rrinosdrurorriuantrsrrnnrr'l#i''ruuu,.u''
r!4.8 qolgilgrix0{na0td{m'r (Canal Properties)
- ir ,' i ;- ! , y ! , dn{ 0lnyl 1o21{ltu'lnao{n: 0unEUlIuvt:uu]InlJ:uvl'lulln'rru0t0u1n
dr ,- --A J..qy J . r,iuy,l un110on1]ulJ!ulnI!nnlln&Euduugrou 1 110]It1 lltna0{uunlflu'lYl ln0ulilJ c ,lrulroilnufi rirn{{ufilrursdu'luuitR:uXiruncirugionr:dlr:rrauf 1I.tinu1
--)t , t t ! -- , n '!.qoldr!flflil{utsdlnro{flno{drrulun{flo l u noe .. * i , irr, . Jel. nvn0{!ru'ln tfl vt0ll0uf, .lu 1 [on'lu!'lu?uYt0to{n]t, a - ! a ' e! a
2. ! e eio.rii : c d'u il rqsr o fi w ri.r u7rfi u fi ru rv rJ 6 nlrlav o r nn ! e s ..,, a
3. R2'[J]r210tnrsrlfl u1 lufiao{0cgro{ luxl]nuhlourir'h{rfinnrrfl n
ornou ilio1ilarilfiu}lourirl#rfi nnr:riorucdulunoslrilri"rLa4. t rnnnl::2.[uulnt6ulil
*s)q ?lu1tnlon t
duoqjfiunlurtornr:rirq.rqnddudrrrvilqntorlnrrnr: drlrindtr,. ,- "la, . e t
u1r1d?ir:Jiu10lrjrfr6olriil{rnaoldrilrrrirfrunaflurr}.rrirranr:E (water Duty)
-ir , { ! , !- , !nUTlUYllA!:Ull1u (rrigable Arca) ctr{fl 60{UUn2!qU0q :I:UIUUln{nol1u0cy , "
yJ i , a .6olri.:}ifr ufr ru'lu anfl aoo[?or nSodrriunrrrn:.1:smrurl:vrnn continuous
,Irrigation tviru"utdunr:dlrir'hinr:rirurlurJ:srms'lvro rflusiu ueitlrrflunt:xo
" ' Jvil:cilruttuu:ou[?, rioiltsmyl Rotational Irrigation :susl?allun1:d{d11{'t, ra !;' r, i u,ry, .r "
jjnao{0e oua{[la! :ulruulltd{tttnno{!culnlu (tu tnn6l?:lu0!t0untuYtu)
tu 0no0ilSlilu'lfi luviuYlrfl 'lvIQn fl a0{d.rlu't!v0]uu 1 lfl n:JnaB.iu0u
uioyiorioiru?rurhlrf our rilruorfuiliulorrillrouuorfr1 0enndoun{ylnii
rulni,ornno{!crdnor\r.l{ilarunoo{ ru1ufi qnilJdnnoolqnriruriou:ruruarrj
99
t9?r1{rulJ'tuu't!rru!'t9t0slnlnrJIUnnnno{nouqnyllu
4,,;flatelut tnlon 2
- iny " , ! ,, i' J ',j irr, - l:&nuul lxnlt [uft00rtal{u1tun0{({110Ytd.lull1]nuYt lnd&n?n n{uu
e .q I t r u 4 d I
rvnuu 1 tu8!u9r0{0q{{n?1:snunuilrnlyilQnlI0dufr?: tuyrlu0ilnu?nutsnuulc c e | , - lnt, I Alunaoltoo 6oveio.tolidlnit:sn'urirlfnr:rfiufi (Full supply t*velyluqrisrir
e t ' - 1"., d 'rray:vnuultuflao{rfltut}t 0eno{oufl{n?trsauuttxnl:rnufiluflno{aou fl?1u
ufl nei r{ryil'i 1{rvdud rqrqnlunoo{({qnlunao{d1ulxqifixnao{itrourla!'luI e , t ! d J , A-
n no.icroUnUQf,.lU'10U1{U 0Uieslo.llm'lnUnl:ldu Head Yl0'lfl'lllJ'lnnA0{Yl09l:1nltrr J urlfl 0q{EnrJo{nno.!Yurun0on I
lourJ nsr':v6'urirl#nr:rdufi rv o$ 4.rornfi rduurnrioorrirlndu o{ f,u)ta
:cri'udrl#nr:firirrtu ntruntnrnro{fl'?lirnruuu?ur2ro{flao{dovrlsl16onlf-h?u u r' e -t - - l.durrturnun!lulJ:t{vlfigrlullu?floo{ ltaco]nltn?!qu!{n!u't ]ufln0{q1{ cl
)J
r:iuornrrrilfiurilnnr{flao! (check) olnl:dlfl n (Drop) rfl ustu Inundnnr:udrL te
:g9Dlu'l luRao{d{uln'Its!llu1u lrln rsoxfllnu0'lullu2naot l]a3ufl?'lu01nt11l'.Ifr uor urccionrr'Ifl aro{ri1 drqurJ:vnnaiinlua'lnrmfufl oduR2r R?rdlriun
a4 1:!nuu1 tuRao{oq{{01nH2ou 0.50 oil l.01 or d'11.t:unao{d1u ll.tru llnt 0.20 otr
0.30 runrdlxiunoo{.roufirfiuryro ueilun:dfinfirlrullrfluuurluilrfludo{
firuuohiq.rdurfluil:curu 1.00 6{ 1.50 run:.i1fi:-unao{d1u1ilql uac 0.30 6{Att
0.50 ruo:dtfl:-unoo':$ou fiturornr:trnnoo{fl?r0yu Heaa odrlrlouilrvlror4trrll
0.20 0{ 0.30 tugrt uau lflnao{yrorl.ui ll,iilu]fl'r: rsu Head :lulgt 0.10 ti{
0.15 luflt*vi
qat?lut tn on 3
fl ao.tri.rdrfi?lildoufi Ionrnfi osduriuld rudslurrrnnvnoufl n0u0liq .rJ 1,, ,t c a e , clttUnA0{ nlUmn:Vllttu'l t14nrl tlAC lUYl'l{Ot{nU{]U01[UUnAO{OUtttuO'l (Eaflh
canal) oroQnrirtinrirnru'kitiln:cualirrr:{rfiuliln:uudli'lfinuhirirhiocnou'luI '.,-. J - ! !ulfln0ultau Iunnyl'lalunao{uuttun2l critical velocity n{uunt&unu1 lunno{rril
li'l Iur,on''rouol6unr:fi nrrrurirrrirfiuriolndr6urnr criti""r velocity
q oraurirr'ludodtcntirrlnuac16untiolrllurCo{nr:oonuuunao.td{rti'ltrri'uodrd
uflgnouuln
100
f
n?ril03{dr1fl qfi rirlri'nao.rririls'iu,iu,,arqnrirrinriraru orufinrrn
arnrqdulffin rdu nr:l#Iriluutnoournu6utl nr:l#arnna'l{uurnuocrfin
';edt)tlnflumon un tljunu*qt )qatduilalon 4
La i ^ ^inlrt2EUl0ilU'10Ofl!'lnfl00lnu!ttUOl (Eadh Canab) nslnntuU'Iflay I -J ly
r?oriouiluo{fiudnuqsto.rnufi nno{ulusTo{1ari1u oruilnornr:'11{uu?Rao{lri{lI - i u,ay id - a - Ja t ,'l0uTru'lulu anlnu{ lll llil]u?Rao{fl ]ulJ:t'r0lylnjunuY|:'lu?r:oouYluruol.lulu0ur, a - iJ < iur,, 'y a j u, ly r, AA rt - ;,
ua2 tfl:lcnuaunu:2quu1 lntlu ltglo'Ifianlauil tu ln0'l09lo.ll.t'12!ll0{nu n'l:12d , A , o ila ' Leculloulilou tXU m1n1:n1nn00{ (Canal lining) 9l?U?dfll4u1crUfl'lu lnuln tIU
coocrcte, asphalt,uac6urrfi ue rfl uriu uioorotsuJ6uu:su! ri.rrirluuirrordud r,! at
r)JuYlofl rurrmu ruolruu:r?glriu'hlud?6wqnaorti$irsiolil
4.9 lilnr{xo{naaqdqrir (Canal Sectlons)
lileinurn:gruro{nao.tri.rdllnufir'hl uan.rlilulJd +.+ lunr:- , t --, A9 c d rr . r, tyt0'ttgl'100n[[uunao{fl{u1 x9lgnt cl Ytfi o0nttuu0'ltLtu9to{n]flun InIn
l. alnH'2dllunno{ (water surface slope)
z. drudntourirdlil:vneudru
n. R?run{lrxo.trlunaol G)
1. nrrudnlslirlunaor (a)
Ay a -n. moaul,lro Freeboerd (F)
{. alone{flao{ (1:Ss)
3. riunaol (Embankments)
4. X1Ufl0Oil @erms)
5. l'UglRao{ (Right-of-way), 3 a .l i. + " - J " A ' J
n n 0 { d il li'l |ll u d { Yi ri'I1l u rla v al tn iu Yt 11 fi tu u r : n I d { n o n { u a 1 u I u
Inrrnr:ra:l:svnu ornfi:!usyr1't:?xn'uxalu6Iorun: dsudurirl#rirudrriunrr
rioair.ruavrJrll:hurdruruurn orrfir?ounnio.uraudo,irfiBuflnsir'rfiuoonhJ6oo , ' i r.,.r - r;lllf|1u nltoonltuuflao{dtlul luufinntn cvlYll[uuou9l'lugl?21t3clo{ululnlYll lnd ,- a , a e t tt d!, a1,UOqn!n11 01:0l1lrnv r&flun'l:Brx0{40onlruu lun1unlrn0di1ro'l0u,t,0Hn
l0l
I
t-
II z
G
=ttfC,G.r)z
,,)
lr
tI
It
,
)-J9
Et
*lEE
ru-.
I
I
I
I
t-
)=.E
@@GG)sa
;r-rE
Tattar!Er
Ta
J*lI
I
n!
l,Ar,o
lCL=rrr:D o-9e
,l
$
I
I
i
i
tu2
nara'ldru{ olrrnlu il r lriu fi nrrl#rndor f, n: rndolu' oriruduurn nrrru1 ndora L ,t 9 crt v. - A c
nsr0una!00x0ufl:0{0canuoua{ lltJ0cv{u1ulufl:1{ lr,l lnarnu{nulruuulnnqnn!'nlu dlriunr:rir1l:hurun nao{ri{drro{Inr{nr:fl ioueiasdrufi n?luul2urn
,,.rrrqYaootu n1:0unu 1l {: nu1ll0v!ro!r]su 0u'l{ ]naInu1{et?u 0l0un1:1110lflufl'luYlIo
lrrrd.r,fi uornnr:rirorurolnuuacdninoonrufi v{rnirn^ldu:n'luouuu*ll#ri
lno'hiacalrn odxl: fi nrru1dfi n1::?rI:?ufl dnnr:lunr:fi nr:orroonuuul{drd
n.e.r oroftarirflrrrl2'u.ru'r2Rooldsrir (Longttudinat Stope)
nlrdru?sldot1o.',r,irru.rri',1ur''lori'l,f, u arnnlirfl ufilrtrfiquor
fi6vrrnafincfirL?rirlnahll6'inu sravity draron'rrirfurirtclrrotirtncur.r uei
,t - ! I u v ! u ,r i r ,a6raroErrir:rud10c'lflnf,ra{ rracdrtc"hi'lHarouriiolriiiarnn'lirluvnlrJ[ri6tv. ., - I-, y A ! - ryi tnlruo ll.tatnfl 2utun'lrnlnralnr0{nufla0n snulrn:{0vruuu l?Tnl0nunn0{
llYlu
nlrd ruunnlnn'rrirrulnnullntrfir'l:Jogfi nrruduriuf, fiudnuorc
qfi rJr;rvrntoldud nrnn orfi rrirorturul:Jduoro4iil:rrnRlnurndurdoanfl rynre t ' !! y .aa a ! f, A.r
n1Ifl: ltOtn'lru:cn0! 9t'l.t cl 1l{u 0ggr0{n]u{0{n?1ut:?1o{ulcI{0clnn!qr4tn]:
finrqrc nr:nnervnorrrarrre,'ulirfi rcdoiriseiolJdruq lr.. d Y < r Ar
arqfrrilr'hi6rrilu6o.rrilurirrdurfrufl nonnno.r orr0!f,uluurrn0u,.du,' ry-l
lln?:]lJ lUUllglOUn lA llu glouflUnno{ trAl9fl?U'l l:8000 OOUnOI{flAO{1#O1n
n'rrir r,toooo laenou:lalunno{l#ornfl'rdl r:12000 rdudf,ld ugidrrfluhllrlnrr
ldaron'lirrfl urir16urfiusraonlouairufl usrnr:irnfl (Drops) uio:rqn (chures)
. .JJullfl?0lYtumalnruulnuYtu
1u4fi rJ:rurnfi rfl ufi :ru:ruirulurrr nr:drxun}iarnn^rirfurvrir'L?:guuroJrsnrunqunrudldriou udriroylnarilrnahJiilgu'rn'rrfl no!nou
lunrrsrtrfiur?rutfirirrunl#nrsrfilir,,uu:ru nrrurirrsrn:cuarirocanar dor
lf,nnorturnlsrd, urinosoalu'':oriU1rl#;rdud\riu'rnd,
lu4u^rl:rrnafi tfl uyir:runirlnqjfnosldnrrruornfudr ryirtirnrnur
ro{rfl2nu loullrvu'lor nr:rirrunl#arnfirrirfiun'irn^r6ursrir'l#arofilirilnru
nnolsirn'irn'rdu rirhilhjarur:nrioilhin'rd,fi,nrv:Jqn'16' 'lumrwrrrlrutlr
,l
1
103
6ruun1#arnn-riruuun'irn'r6u :snirilnrunasrovqrn'irfi:6uurndrrfludo.rtuo, a , o, ! - ! a ,t
fl ao{ n4 fl llt: oglo{ tx0lnltu lqnantvnru'lailu'ttuustu
nr:ril6uuurJa.rnrnlnrl^2lirro{nao{0eriou.l agraqfi ayrlounruornd
r6onl#Inuvir 1:Jarnfirrirnao'rdruluqiuornnol"rouovoqiludr.rrlrvursl t,4000a t I - , , r d 4 - J-0{ l: l0ofi) [[nCfld{U1O'l00CXUtl1nn2] OUI{ ItnfllUnl:10OnAlnfl?UlUttnnOn?'lUa ! r . dr e . ,< d u et:?uo{n: 1du1 lFlugt:{ 01tlju0t0{fllu't0{nltnntcrlcltacnltnnfl unouo?u
4.g.2 srarun{rwo{frunao{r(b)uasn?lxAnr,o{rhluoao{1a;,' e .- .li
fl ?'lufl ir{ro{6ufl ao{rrarn?'ludn!o{d1lufl ao{ iinrruiirrirgoiofi ufi.li c,
nrircin 1e; uocril Hydraulic Properties xotflao{d{rilnao{ri{d1fr0uo0nlruuhi, l" l
rr{r 'r!u:lr!1un{lyr (e) lrardurlsr'l#finlurir ry) n{d rJ?ursldrdnrddornrrost ,-!s y- AA e , - 4IUOqnUUUnUU]on (A) S{XUognuntn?lun?]tlIO{nUnA0{ (b) [Asn?]UAnflO{
rir <al ndrrdo ueincflutvoonrruul#rir b ua! d d{rurrnneixfiu'ld sr:rurrirfi
^l A ,, - ' - y Aa . < anao.tulluYll4ulonlTlnu td00ntluuYtnfl?l0vflluil0{ nl:nnru'l! nltnnosnou
jjuavdnd?ufl ao{fi rrurvalfi qo osntirrlu:ruas16aneiol'rJ
1u vrr.rrJq'riornrru n{xror rlu nao{r0yQ no onuuu'hlrfl urariru'rurdu{ c , , - d a icy t a ! tlylofr?]ud&n?nlun'lIn0fl:'t{llaflflu1inuln:0.lu0yr[! f,2un?1 on 10{ulnu
noo{0&riuuilrlilldnrururofidornr: lunr:rildrurusisrds.r nionoontrar
{u rqnrrudolnrrroldunas{ocana'rr+ou 1 ornolunao.r'lilrjilarunaor n'lururn,- Ji, ,o, a , , !
")10{uru10lulmfl2u9ro lr4flao{l]uncrou ?r:o yl0fl{u'lrtjlulnrrJtnrl:cilru'l#lurnI I d r- : !
R?lunfi{dunaolrfinqo rrirfiu 0.4 run: unvrrrfrunr-.rov 0.20 ruor lrJtudl z.so,r9 !, laltugrt ft21un?1{nuflao{gt. tgl 2.50-5.00 lugt: o3lytuu:0aoRt{nu 0.50 tun:eetradrr:-unlunixriunaos"lu:irl 5.00-10.00 ltlgtr 0yll,t-urioanfl:-{ac 1.00 luflt
e e ! , Jn, i .tuasfl 'rfl :un?1un21{nunoo{9i.ruci tO rufl :fr ulil rsrfr Uflioonni{ac 2.fi) rusl:
I t c a < q,r gd t ,oul{ t: n01!n1:Y{0'l:ol-roirtl0ruoullrrnoxn,1u
nrru 6nt o rrirlu n ao{Gi.ril(d)0yfi rirrvirriuna onrrdonao rfirliursr:J j su d di,- I . J .
uacfluYtl.tulnntoulnu tun:uYtll: u'rolulaoa{n11uanlloiru1 H:o F.s.L 0caoa.rs s s eA 9 a c I a,l0uogltuusl 01 F.s.L 0cnnn{rytu{tanuou0yuaoul tr6urirana{ro{Inuhjfi
- - ! te i . a r, ,, - - ! ,0'lftltlJ.tftuu1tln0lao:rJ10lu1a{uln0'lllju0r0{di1{0'tft't:u{ftuulx1u t1u
104
-la!a,yo'lfn:onulrro olfi'l:ulfln I uglu
n1:onn?ludnroqirlunaororortrlffi ni6nurlfi 6o unrcdufiufl ao{
du n: luinqfi an:J?uroniraqdoinur F.s.L 1{ uciii dlr.iriouu-ourirnu urnu-n
rr:rlw1#16nn'lrflnfl!n0usr:{ruinor6'lndmrrnsnrsnuns!ln..urn',r'lrut,u.tri't
irfi ltlnn'ruuinudutc'lilrfl u uniform flow ot0n'nnao{rt'lrfluuruld4; ,s ' i .'.
nrr a qfluralru yrru rnnflnotfltu ro'10 ntcyr'r tdlnunrrasrtu rnnrru
n{rrflunaoqrnvnrrudnru.rrir'lrnnor}lnioufiu xSoorttvanrt6ofl uriunnol.rcl o rrrj q o aj Y Y a ..lfitanaqufl:nul:vnu F.s.L. t?ll]nu lun:olmaofl?lun'l]{nuflao{at0lnlout u{d,r l, IIl6n{ou lru 0.20-0..m luer:.(ana{'['r.rae 0.10-0.20 r!n:) t1]nn0tu1n0sflo{Yl'l
rfluTransition lnurioul nnn?lunir{fiunao{a{fintfounru'lurit l0-l0o luot
r orrTrarsition rfu rdohiltl?int?r.r nrt lfl ar o.rrir rio ortosinu ln2lrt nfi { du' dny - - I y y Jnaorl{ Inuuou}i:cdudrlunaolonalil'kiurn:cn'ur'r-rf rdruvirunaolqlrtofi or
. .3uy - aolrro I . lnr0lnlrd{rll1 lndcn2n flnnlflgrvlYt2 l fl]fl:unno{dituln?] an10{u'l luRa0{ tuAt
' t I I
rjR'lll 0ufl ?'lR2'luni1{nuRao{rduoI d E (0.5-1.o)bl
4.0.3 A1qfla{nao{ (side Slope, ss)i,
nlnqa={Rao{ gio.rr6onldh?ruurvdu fiudnrnxol6u d oalnu6ooulr?a t !, Jt I ^ = , , ,lijuIrJnAO{l ll.ruruognunnuuuluonu lfl:{rti'l{1 o{nu anuus.t,o{{lunofl:'l{
i - A a ioyluocrRi0rin:rn5o{frofr1f, otirll:fierruinqrJ:va.rridrfitgtolnrrr6on'ldornn6.r
o, d4 dcv A r, ! -nao{ llirllu1!rtunno r 0 trialnoa{Ra0itdlu'Eo9l'luYtlu n:gId u]tlo&vl:{fl?oq19 r r a 9 I r,-'ldotitorrr qru:Jnsi=udrarnnfi{ro{noolochifun'irrluvr:lfrrro{Au (Ansle of
tr - ^:Reposc tlrO Angle of Intemal Friction) nl: {nga1ulo{0lnfla{R00{Ut010ln01Uu I , A .J- i a a I . d .16 rlndlr?rglourru flnunu lnnllu lunao{ n1:QnlfluuuulYtlnlulo{nuuasdn?4 - - A lr t rcrf e
uroolntvtnn0lnnl:nnlcrl&tuo{nlnfl unn un ogu1 ll1on{dflao{n1 l 9t0illr.la e f l^ ect- LrIu6u arnsra-.rfru-uru1"idurir1:JdrtiuduJnfiosoqllurir.rrJ:ruror t:t 6r t:2 arnj y a icy- i 4 I et A f,
flA{flnO{A1qn?Ufl0Un:flYl[lnUUlnmqnn0 l:1.5 n'l:tAOnlnalOOa{llttlU'lgdU
^t!Tt01:sI101nfl 'lt'l{Ylluu
nr:ul6uunrnna^{Rao{ (ss) 1un:dfi dnuors6uqrurrurnaolul6uulrJ
105
d1u110rilduuu:la{alnoA{nao{lttrrursaufiu6uld lnorilfl u Transition rioul
rilduunrqei{nltlfi avrlou lurir{ to-too ruerr iro.r Transition rfutun'irtsld:,o t ,
alqna{ lfi lJ 0t11J 9t o { n 1:
t , ireru, a d anrrl{ (4.1) o1o6lu.[1.r1o{fra0{yr lu lnnlnal1li:un1:1nr.rt00u lunulunfll{1
a.e.a tn'odu (Freeboard)
- i. a o'dr o r/r aa{01nllnl unfl?luanroitullunao{ri]fl:uogtrlnlr lxa{{En r:0
- ! ", d i o t . d , A a J uc,:vrilrirlfnr:rfiufilrut supply Level; lunaourdr 6rrfluslo.ru,r'run?ruAnH-oro115J A rr - oa rorrr , , . j, J a Ac)
0 nd2u1-tur lllorJo{nu u tr4u l l aaul]uun{nuna0.r lu1J0lsyrd{u'l fl ?luanTfl 0{d uyJ - !""t - trnltfl 0 t'ls{tyllnun?]u[fl n0'l{tr14'1l.i:ynuu'l lunlflnum nutun!ua{lnufl a0{
Itunll ttlOaU (Freeboard)
\ , tt y ojty - !"r- - ! In1tlfla6ufllunuflao{ol0tnn1,ulfi tlnn'ltonullltu:cnuu'lq!{tu,t!,!r'aJcAt!r'no?uo'tfi't:ylnu1na1{flao.: n'lt d{u'ltrl1na0{tg'tult lufl0luylR2'1ugl0{n1tu'luoult:0
fialusrn nr:ilorfloil:rq:!uludrun21u'hi:vrin:ci{uacnr:fiirrJr'lraura.rnaol
0lu9ru
ilqrrrir
flq') arndrudr{(v:H)
-n1:rln1uvtu ltuflu-C-nl:rln lultu:'llua3nunluul{i-- ,
-n1:rln tuHu4 n:1nr!au:J:!tllunuuuu")-n'l:rln'lunrinfi :!flrudruAurriiurJur:rou u
nl:tlR luRulltuu'IruuYll,
n'ltou luautHut luullllU
nr:rlnxionlJluAur::!n1fifioqnrnnulxfiu? n&nou
l',t:'tt,l ta e I:]u H dunuflr"-i-nl:rlnHio0uluaufifil:roruru nenou :ruueii
t99UlHUrJ?Hfl!OqUOU
nr:rlnuioo!1ueu tlo nrnou :'lu
n'lt1oe u!1u1lrra
l:l14
l:l12
l:314
l:1
l:ll:2
l:1 112
l:2
l:3
t:4 6r t:s
n o 0ilYtu fl'l1uut't:J lnu n !&ue,C,iaufl ao{u0u cl [uo{t1nn15[lJauu
106
te!,ye!r,uuilo{n?ru6o{nrril'rorir{nt&iununr{6rurirulir nrruf,ilrUx'rlriufirirldlnunr:
eturJ.tu'l0''trd,ti', (wasteway) 'luuinorur?rornr:diinr:anturorrhfioruurrurir
'I3, ,4.af,llu o'tfl'ltmn lnaltnao{ :l{ul (Flumes) lsr{ou(Siphons) llto luull?tunnno{I -r c , tq !, - re
fl nfl luYt'1.::ulJ',luu1!::u5'lslyrrllu'lydu n0ya?uufl uill?nu laununo0{ loAedrur
turnt0{r;iodu(Freeboard)rfl u doriru Inun:lf,ururnn?tu6nro{ri'ln ' J J , r,tunao{f,ilu'l cr{u:cu'l0lou1{n:]x1 lo!1ndun1:
.lActd.tulU0 F = m0aU lrlulust. ! o dd = n?lUan1o{U'l 1Un00{ llJUtUn:
muau n =rirdl:J:sfivrCdrduriu6fl:rnr:lxnlunno{, j y - I n "t- .- !
nl[HOAU10{fl a0.{nUn[nu [!nuun{u
'! c0d7u'txu19nn
F
n.F
m.d+n
= 0.50 [un:
= 0.25d + 0.30
1'
flaolvou
n
1'
nao$t1ul
= 0.30 luflt
= 0.10d + 0.15
= l.5o 61 2.oo rusr:
= 0.20d + 0.20
drriunnornrn rdodudlirfl urir16urfrufiunoorfi lrilstnrnuciril6on
nao{'h,i61rfludolrirl#qr6.rrvdunrirfiu6urirdodulunoorro'rJl;vrrudfildtiu
lurl:vryrasir'r .l or0eldi1nfl 1:rrfi lriuao.rlirir.r#rud
F
F
F
t'rfil
n
IJ
F
F
107
(enrr{ 4.2) rirrndodu (Freeboard) fi1#f,u1u:J:vrvrrs,ir t:J:;rna dn:rnr:1ro uio yryr
:1JU-l 1150fl?lUAn
aaolhinrn Rao.lnln
oodrn:16u 0.85 - 2.83
8.50 - 28.30
28.30
0.45
0.61
0.91
0.30
0.38
0.38
ennulryrlun
un;lJuouC
1.0 llrnulrl-10
l0-20
20-50
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.-s0
0.1-0.15
0.20
0.30
0.35
ournu 0.14 rlr.r)urll
0.14 - 1.41
0.41 - 14.16
14.16
0.30
o.46
0.61
0.91
0.r5
0.15
0.30
0.45
ran lta0 fl40{uu'lnlan
fla0{1u1nna1t
noor,uurnluqi
0.25
0.40
0.60
0.25
0.30
0.40
riaoru flfl{u't
RAO{$0t
nao.rarulnql
0.46
o.76
0.90
d:irae flnotlulntnn
nnolturnlrqj
0.30
1.00
0.15-0.60
!1tnt$u Rao{1u 1nl0 n
nnollurn1l,rqj
0.46
0.91
ot'Uo o.s rannrf
0.75-1.619
o.6t94.O4'1
4.M7
0.5
0.75
1.0
1.25 - I .50
r08
(fl rl r{ 4.2) ri rrdo du (Freeboard) dldrirlr rl*,rrsirs 1 (siol
t Y = fl'l'lU0fltl0{1111 ilurlsr:, hv = taonil #'l (velocity headl tflurrun:
4.0.5 fr fiaos (Embankments)
s a - - i"l , *nufl a0{n0 nunumn{0quud0{r.l{fiao{uIu?lJu]u lunurlu2ft00rt
yA" - - J. - cnxulmfl 'lRruxo{nun ao{Yr fl rnq nno
*).!-)L!-Ji. tuunwPu nrlqluulolnnlrlnnao{fl{u'l rau luu:r?olmrlnflaoir
' i ) y d d - Ja- "ll'luTq{ s{gr0{rlqna0Jnnttasuu:u'lst:9tuu1n flun0o{ luanuglsur{u1u1n lxqlala, I
l.l t 0u1{no10 0 gouSliltllu u nluxu,:-,tt. ruuaunu rnrnrlrfi:ls.rf,uhi}?irlunno'rlilaoon1ilr1nnao{nio
{
:srytR
aru
oglt]fl't: llla :o Trll
.:.:lJU'l l.r:oR'l-l!on
0.-5
0.5 - t.o
1.0 - 1.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.O - 4.O
naol'hinrn RAO{n1n
0.10
0.15
o.20
0.2-s-0.30
0.304.50
oodlnrrfiu
:!fl'rulraua
0.3+(0.15-0.20
y(0.38-1.22
(0.20-
0.26)y(0.15-
0.16)
d?rrtorr,rn'r
outn0
JdY(c=0.457-0.91)
ruqu 0.5y+hv+(0.5
4.15)
0.07y+hv{0.05
4.1-5)drfi:-rJr1.l
ilr
ln'lH6 yn(odr.rgho.3o)
0.2y+0.15
109
1r.ilt?rfrnruuonlflar{rnaorri.rrirriuusin:{uirrsld,ioiluuno''noaourio:-urirI I d a L,
nluu0nrtllfl ao{d:'l{r:lu0'lft'tr11rfiu t?
o ai'[u n:fi fi riu n aor 1ri ldri rrrirfi fl qfiu il rnr: drr uoi,u ]nuo{riunao{u | l,-rq o r r h d , a a L u a u t1u{rl!iuxlrllnqurnun un0ul{ Irnnlur!0r0'ilr0r:0110{fi2'ruuun{10{nunu lu
. ra , |l,l tnnnt:fl{mgnlua{ l9l
l. :rdxilfr.:fiunao{ (Top of Banks, TB)J
:vdund.:riunao{ fl uru6{ :uurn?-ruGt{o1n:vdudrl#nr:16ufi luldnao{ (F.s.L) firrvdurd'lnunao{ GB) 6rGun'ir Frecboard nrr61fluntru3
Freeboard uionrruqrtotrdr6'uriutveiorqrnohitir6nilgrrg{1{ 1 n'.rdnrirrur
l]a?11{9rUI
2. rurnnlunirltorua-.:f,u (Top width of Embankment, W)y - loy a j , a d y ,,n1t&n!u1 [tn1:rnum0g{{rn?]rvnuaurnulnnuou n'llun?r{flo{
Aa Y- L u r - a'afla{fluflao{vr [tnum? ru n{ufi0
nno{irouxurnrf,n 1# W = 2.00 lugrt
Rao{rcrourulnlnqj ld w = 2.fi) - 4.fi) ruert
nno{druluqi ld w = 4.fi) - 6.ffi lugr:t LC I uo I a C a
ou1{ l:nfllun2tun'r'titfl0{lt0{flufl00{o1sflio{n0'tr0t'llrluluflu 9t'lu
fl ?1rr:Jtrd.rriro{nrrld{rudru 6o
n. iluaaotfllulifluouu(non-operating banks)
n:ddriunno.rfoun'i'r 10.00 run: 1# y = bD ucililfoun'ir 0.s runt
n?1un{1{xo{un'{riuranonrnruR?run{1.:ro{flunoo{ uei0&nqa{n9ou, o.s,rm
tlJUOUl{1rOU
ai e ,n:olmn'tlun?t{nunao{u1nn'it 10.00 ruglt 1# w = s.oo [rsr:u &v-L frUnAO:tnlitUuOUU (Operating roads)
9ufi'ltun2r{i,o{fi a{riunoolnr:n{rlodr.rrlou 5.00 lunr n6onaotturnt,t
r6u1{ :vn'irlrloruarnne{riuuu'lrronno{1rifloun'ir 5.oo run:- &v-n. 0UFTAOJI| lX tllUtll{?ra?{ (double-lane Highways)
y ,4 y . y a Cfl?1un11{ua{fluflao{n1: n?t!oul.tu ou 10.00 lu9t: ?tromot,t 9tfloort
ll0
U, t I[21'U',lUOUl{UOU 10.00 rUO:
- ::, :4.) aunao tnnuul{:t
riu nnsldslu{lu:.rrofi osdruyrruu:{nulo.rlir'ldusido{n{r{fl odos
flor6'ulri}?rdutirfru q*rcotation tinc) I'trQoonutdrruoilfiunao.rnrfio:cfiudu- - t, r r,.ylr .ru u .t aourn'ukI u?o'lri}irirduaonl6n"unao{ ur.rrui'nurriinn-unqnoonlilld lunrd! e a e -- "t !.U 0!n0{fi0'l:01'ln?lUn?1ilt0{llA{flUnA0{01nlduU1cru (percolation line) flt0 lSlU
t A A - j ja rnqil nfl rdni @ydraulic grade line) 6l rc6urfi nfi u fi tolfi adrlu noo! nlu:J n gt'
^ .t t a i",,o-uru-ouriurvii H.c.L ilrculol l:4 uaun-utuo lililncii H.c.L ilryuru trto
;, t, .r ^5.) nunaolnfftunqunt ovit?o4nltrru7q oi- . Y ,t o a Ilun:uununa0t0&yl'l1r111n6lulllu119lu 0s9loil'ti1nlt00utr!u nclil
nr:undnl#uilurfl ufi rau 6lrran.r'lulJ
A) ilunaotilitfluilutr ri, (Flood Protective Dikes)
Wmio = 5.oo tuglt
frunoo.r116lrrr?'ir16':irliqncio.rnrilrulodoonuuuli rreifilriarur:o
inurturo'l{'letsraon fin0r.i1qnyrryr'lrn:urharnrqoir.rl niu qnrirduuldr'rhi'r6n2 - t a : -1. t e d a sllacatlo{ Qflflurrncd0?tl.ruuxullla!mIa[o{ n{uulur?at'lnodrl{lrroounufluI e ]
"r,nao{0.t9ro.rlHo l'lo'lus 9 q',|ynunao{fl'rrfl:1{llrtfitlu'l tuto rr0!:snufl]ullljU n2]ur,11r31o{l
o .qt . rY, i ty.r.r oo, tnu!u a{nuRao{0r7r'lluflao{I1lnIn{lulu fn:rJ:utH]:uuuay!n0n[uuuu
firtouriunas.rdruiunaol'l#qrunsarnhJ6ndrund'rrJ:suror zz, rdsdus,nrirrs
ldlri l n a a r n a o { u u fl n'{ riu n a o u r a r n 6{ n a o { n r: rJ q nn dr l irua o d ruo'n dr r 1 il 1#
fr.rmcaruiru rraclililiioul#siuh,ilrqjduuun'unao.un:rvovrirbifiunaorfi.rld
{lUllau lud3n?nlInfl 1ru11{:nu1
lll
Fw---1
a,aolsllon llna
colnpocladodrl.l
d
R G.L
D..coldlm lln.
G.L.
F.S.L.
N,G L
bz
ttti u.z .--..iY..tunnfl.lRurnlru1fln
lfaurrrumor&rlrdfi aAuarallmourJl
o :f, uhlAlltrlrr:dufivnaou
r. s.L F
ia bonl
s.L
r---J
flfrataruolmarCniut rfua-taun
:lflr .v I u. l. a.lunRfl0a.: f,,tu'tylH'turntlta c0Tldlu t !'l
arlolcmuocladb
\.3
4.9.6 rr nao{ (Berns)a i4 I u , antufln0{no : rut 01n10ufl n{0 {!1ua1nfla{Ru fl a 0 {nlurufl ao{xlu
. t-!.flao{ull:r luru n{ufro
. urael - :l) llunao{!?u Iu 1flfla{nn0{Tt{t'tu ]lr:1vn?lu1lnflnuatnfln{fla0{, ! t e e e ! ,o y r i!rIuu1 lraulI{mralu{'tuoqrra? 0]nuna0{grtog lnaflntflaot!ln ulllunxo{nu
0cnnfr!a{uuolnndlnaorf r1#na'lrt'rlri.iru !1unao{6'!rilu:vusdriulirndol#)t
flu nao{fl{ 0 qfl lrn 1nI0ufl a{fl a0il
2) xl nao{0&!?utu9luflunaoilo . o, Zl -lunao{ Yl'l lunao{clutt u
fi qnri.,ol, fio,"lsaun'hj1#crna{1il
ry 1un:dfidolrlqnao{dnu1n 1rt16'dnduflornao.rl#rflunuli#u
xurlriourE:irut{n6rnaolrn:16'11ffi du'hiro4our{lvrsarun.r'ld.iro
4) llunao.!l#rflurr{r6uro{rn:dolon:rnCo{fio u;ur0r{n rndolu's
:irllfnurnaor uae:ndnud1rfl u glu
, -r , ., d.5) 6]XlUnno{qJ{tl6lrUfi?1Unll.l o ol0lraluflAo{ltlu Operating
road uliu nr:l#udlriunaolld
muna ordorl#n{r.lvirfiufl aonorndunaol6lilauno0{'1rilrlrfl rrv. o, J e U rd ,t - !
0cYl'tt ltu'tfluunal{10{flunao{]ulllutGIugtr{ n{uu n?lunilillJo{ xluflnoil' ,. ,i
drriunaorarunii.r n-.rnJduu'hJcix 1 riucraonvrr.t
I o. u 4e 4 afl'tl n?1{tl0{X'lunn0{ tUduYtutnl.lfl2luAnlotnulo (Depth of cut)
tr - 4 d o 9dr g
= E ) lTlo:nltu?{uUnnl{xo{lnunno{ lritijutducl:{
alnfla{naoit
a'lnfla{fluflao{
tlr l:x=I
trz
4-R?11lAnX0{nUrln, iJ
ftlfl{Ylt{qid-Aa
unn0clnlnun2tun'l'ltYlrnro{0nfl fi:o.ru0I A T'tau toflnollau lotYgqln
' i, i a -al'tu Yt gl 0. Y{ult: ofl no o n
v
E
c
a
n) n:olYlalnfl a{naotxu n21a'lqfl a{nufl ao{
)q
t
113
1,
I
IFb€Imr
N,G,L,
N,G L
E
l-n
o c
Er2
lt)
Ey
:cuslluflnolmflUYl(gl = c + a
a = Ey -Ex
. E(y - x)
E Fnornnrrufi ntordulndrloudqnludtriu 16o e.io)J
fl rt[matofl atnufl ao.iru n.)la1clqa{naos
-.+ l" :)'ti'q
I
I
\i.
ox.barc
qnflu
2Ey
I:iu3I'luflnotYl YI
a =Ex-Ey
=E(x-y)-jio,!aE nn01nfl?'lUnnxo{ouloYlUlnmqn lu5'l{uu (no Emax)
-i-gl.tu1]no:!9lul'tuouLluTlunao{!;unou 1i ludnlfl tnuolutt:u!191 lll
'ilfludolnutl6ocio6ul#rfluornr6urfiudunrnnruu'r?to{Roorr rrcinrrflnrreill#6
n o du n?: tYrrfl u n a o.r nroR?: ri li1uRnDllrtuil u lillfihr nn{lildw dqriu
nounisrosf tL{noun3$ufl n"ir:n uaunt:orrnltunoo.rh?odluanrfl61d1#fi
(l
l14
4.9.7 rrnnoo'l (Right of Way)< i- tr y I a tre
tl,nfla0{ fto tlflllnu9r'tfio{ryo l.ltoflit?u10.1 [1 na00fl2luu't210iltIu?i cvo tt .
nao! lfiolf,dtriulrurioefir rlq.rinur unrliouucruflao.rrilrir lulonrttciol:l'kinrirlrdrirnosrrirrir uaeriufl ao{.itEonqnIn:lldirodufl usto.r
' A i a 9 e u a dRoucrouueru ogrtYuo llu ruonao.:flun0!9t0.trlo0on 0lnufl a0{Yt1o1t:out uln1 I r, a u a a 6r ,& 'J J^ Ay a urdlana{ n0y9l0.rln:uflunu fi:01u1u llr l11iul,uulirfl:ir9luyt9lo{n1:ld:u Iulytu{Yt0. ct ,, , a A i a . A ^
ji- y0'l[.llUglO{rlnUOUUnU (Borrow pits) ly{O Ulnuulttl:lJ UOUUnU]laeYlflirnUt&6O{
.n a j i .. ue0q lult,0nno{u: oYruYlrgtruu t'l
ruu2rrnnoo{rn'lrdrnu n1#o{ri ril0lnxrufl A{lxi ouurrJrnri ofi u6u
:l:curol{rrov 5.00-6.00 ruslt
r: 44.1O RrloonlluunAo{ {U1n1{lofl169li (Hydraulic Design)
nr: oon]llJrJynrtraf, 1dfl f fi utudtnt: drfl unrirudn1,olnaoletlrirarn-l a ! i .,
fl 1UrgrluUU?U1?1'O.rflAO{ n?1ul5?1ornrs]rdill "lA.r rirOlrtnaOrriualulrfld{
rirldflruo'o:rfidolnr:nerufinrruri?ro{n:!udiruorrurvfirvlri:ir1#r6qnr:du
rtuornnr:fl nouro.tfl !nourtorfi nnr:finrry1y0ulirb{nao{fi.! lrifi {n'nqn:cir.t 1lo sa " uvs iam t! lunl:Frlu10l t'!o{ flo
4.1O.1 Chezyrs formula
lull fl .fi.1?6e uludr{d*irrado cnezy'kifinqo:dldrlorluJn " I-; a, "r- l^m lun lufllilull 9lqI{1111-l Uniform Flow llgtlluflo
lln10{1fl:gtldulYl lua
v = cJRs (4.8)
Atuo
e d J l"= d'cr:rnrruriln6uroldr"lu :rlrfl n
= Resistance .Factor
= Hydraulic Radius (A.rP)
172
C
R
A!a,- l-
= uiofi lrJfrntrtwo{:trf ltfl nfi rjrlroriru
P = Wetted Perimeter
,: ., . T AS = Slop of energy line (fllu lcUfl1tm1nUalolo{fl?1.11 lltot a) a,Ru:l{ n:olYlltlu Uniform flow )
tln(nr(8)fi ndl?dmsiu ocrliu ldir tl'rlrt c uau R fi riln{fi lu n:ddalr{luJ.r a !yunu?nu nrn?rur:?ro{ur (v) 0&fl"uuil:'hlsrrUarnfiIjr (s) n.ir?6o tfi stop"
, a ! u , at e a i t , - !!u v ocuntdu4:oul lflau:.: uacol s :]u v r3unluoul.ltoulo! [llni,] n{uu
nr:oonrruulnur nlvfl ao{6u ossiolrf, onl# slope h?rururvdru rdoh?'ldnrrrurEe
rosilrlunaslryilfi! critical vetocity du'lririr}irfinnr:frnrryr&flionltnnntnou
(trna12 lu:lua3[ounfl o [:J)
4.1O.2 The Ganguillet end Kutter's Formula
lufl n.g.tsrs uluril{did 2 nu6o Ganguillet ua! Kutter }i6nqer:
Iourraolrir c lutmotto{ slope (S), Hydraulic Radius(R), uos Roughness
!,Coefficient 61 qor:fidour6un'it "The Kutter's C " 6s
115
1.811 0.00281
-+4t.65+-nS0.0@81 nl+(41.65+-)-
sJR
I 0.00155- +27+
-nS
0.00281 nl+(41.65+-)-SJE
(xu?uo{nqu)C
l.l: o
0,00155 n1+(23+- )-SJR
(ltu?ulunrn)
-! A ",n.rriurfiorirrir The Kuner,s c 'hJuvrurir C lu chezy,s Formula oglC
l.8ll 0.00281
-+ 41.6s +-
nS
C
ft'to.:ufl0
JRs
il6
I 0.00155_+23+_nsllas Jns (4.9)0.00155 nl+(23+- )-S.E
4.10.8 The Manning's f,'ornrula
'lufl n.a.tess uro:inloiedrdldo Robcrt Manning ldfinqnrdld.l n,) '
"o J i J ,- ,0'lnnt:fl84o{llluu'l lt 1nu11u?1 n'lR?'tutl'lloaulo!nrstlrru'l (v) l,uognuRl n,
-:-R llau S n{uno
V = 1.2r86/n.n2/3.glp 1uilruo,.rnqul
r/n.flB.stlz (1ru?uru0:n) (4.10)
lr:0
ttu0
d i :"V = fi2'llJtll[Aciu1o{ri1 tu:l{llrjq (lu9l:/'lulyl)
n = Roughness Coeffrcient (Maming's n)
R = Hydraulic radius (A,/P)
P = Wettcd perimcter (tU9l5)
S = atflxo{r.l'?il1 (Slope of Energy Line)J6
rfior:J5ulrfiruqflt Chezy's Formula fiU Manning's Formula nlfl:Ji'l
The Manning's C = 17o.Pl/6
ia votllu:Unltoil n Yl It tucgl:loil The Kutter's Formula tttl! The Manning's Formula
. . tArr dnluuo lH lrfillou2nu
. 01nn1:yrnfloln1:d1u?0lrirror V Inul#4n: The Kutter's Formula
d qrr' r - r juy IllAC The Maruring's Formula tUO Itnllo{ n, R ung S lYllnufl'lyl loigllonnl{nu
I |.,'.,.1oon 1 01u1{ou llroo l'lju
Jtuo R < 1.00
rir v firirurorlnu Thc Kuttefs Formuta ryiirirutnn'i'l v fidruror
Inutt "
t*,t-"ing's Formula
tt7
,utu n , t.oo
rir v firirurorlqu The Kuner's Formula osfirir#oun'ir v drirurar
Inutn" M-oiog's Formula
rrtu n = t.oo, J.nl v yrfllu'l0l thu The Kutter's Formula osfirirrvirn'urir v drirursl
Inu rn" Manning's Formula
1uiloq:iuriuuldqor:to'r Manning riuodxn{rrrluu{o{ornlunt:
rirurordn:r,q6unooril1r:rlrilnuiolunaorfi rfl u uoiro.- no*'h{Halndrfi urr rrr c t C ,nlluri{ 6ruror'l6.iruuac:rn15'ln'irqn:6u eiruqn:tor Kutterululurt:J:uvtfl
8rn.rl#fiuoqjlun:dfirflunaor6u otirq'lrfinrlnt:rirflunrirxo{ Rougbness
coefficient 1ny r.irovi6vriuacioflanr:6ruruldrurnn'irnr:lfqn:duqngirsfiu :ruL,
a!10u9 ro{n1 n n lon'lflolr'rit +.r rirufi
ll8
flf:l{ 4.8 HoRToN's . VALUES Of n To BE usED with Kurrnn,s
and MaNxmc,s FoRMULA
Surface Best Good Fair BadUncoaled csst-iron pipeCoated cast-iron pipeCommercial wrought-iron pipc, blackCoronercial wrougbt-i ron pipe, galvanizedSmooth brass and gtass pipeSmooth lockbar and welded "OD" pipeRiveted and spiral steel pipeVitrified sewer pipeComrnon clay drainage tileGlazed brickworkBrick in ccmcnt mortar; bdck scwersNcrt cement surfacesCemcnt monar surfacesConcrlt. pipcWood stavc pipaPlank Flumes:
PlanedUnplanedWith battens
Concrcte-lined channelsCemcnt-rubble surfaceDry-rubblc surfaceDresscd-asblar surfaceScmicircular metal flumes, smoothScmicircular metal flumes, comtgatcdCanals and Ditchcs:
Earth, streight and uniformRock cuts, smooth and uniformRock cuts, jatged and irregularWinding sluggish cana-ls
Drcdged earth channelsCanals with rough stony beds, weeds
on eanh banksEarth bortom, nrbble sidcs
Natural Stream Chamets:(l) Clcan, straithr bank, tull stagc, no rifts
or deep pools(2) Same as (1), but somc weeds and stones(3) Winding, some pools and shoals, clean(4) Samc as (3), lower shges, more ineffective
slopc and scctions(5) Samc as (3), some wccds and stoncs(6) Samo as (4), stony gectioru(7) Sluggish river reaches, rathcr weedy or with
very deep poolsweed reaches
0.012.0l l.o12.
.013
.009
.010
.013
.010
.01I
.011
.012
.010
.011
.012
.010
.010
.011
.o12
.ot2
.017
.02-5
.013
.011.0225
.o17
.025
.03-s
.0225.o25
.030
.033
.040
.03-5
.045
.0-50
.925
.028
u25
075
0.013.012+.013.014.010.0ll*.015*.013*.o12t.ol2.013.01 I.ot2.013.01I
.033
.035
.045
.040
.050
.060
.012*
.013 r,
.015{,
.014r.020.030.014.012.025
.o20
.030
.040.02.5 +
.u275*
.030030+
o275
r00
0.014.013 *.014+.015.0t I
.013r,
.017*.01-s
.014*
.013 *
.015*.012
.013*
.015+.o12
.013
.014
.016.016+.025.033.0t5.013
.o275
.0225.033.045
.o275.030
.03-s
.040
.050
.035 *
.033*
030
.045
.055
.970
.125
0.01.s
.015
.ot7
.013
.o17
.0t7
.015
.017
.013
.015
.016
.013
.014
.015
.030
.033
v25035
.018
.030
.03-s
.017
.015
.030
.040
.045
.o55
.040
.035
033
.050
.060
.080
015
hom Handfuk of Hydrau.lics, by King, Mccraw-Hilt Book company.
*Values commonly used in designing
ll9
4.10.4 The Bazin's Formula
lufl n.a. 1897 fnraflrderflrrrlilraado H. Bazin lrtfisan:uanrrir
tlo.t C llo{ Chezy's formula lu frrnction tol n lou'hirfiur s 6o87
C (HU?uo{lnqu)m
0.552 +
-JR
m0.552+
-JRroughness factor
87C:14 o (1ru?urunrn)
Jd,,crrunlql{cl nu0luanu gl0{Ifl2jtuo
:r.rfiri'rlnariru do s"rir, 'ldrirnuolflunr:xrlr.rriud@ot" rituurnlrturorn
i o.r rir t u rnr6 n 6.r rjn lrj u'uu l'f;1u.r ru fi r 1 rJ )
Proposed Values of Bazin's m
Descrlptlon of Channel Bazln's m
flu2uo{nqu l,tu'lul!fl:n
I . Very smooth surface,cement" plaled wood,etc
2 Smooth surface,unplaned wood,concrete,
brick cut stone,etc
3. Surface of rubbcr masonry,poor brickwood
4. Very regular earth sections, rouBh stone,pavement,
5. Eanh channels in ordinary condition
6. Eanh channels in rough condition
0.1I
o.29
0.83
1.54
2.35
3.17
0.06
0.16
o.46
0.85
1.30
1.75
4.1O.5 Kennedy's CriticalVelocity
lufl n.a. t tss Mr.Kcnnedy u ludr.txailt Eyrlutio{rmu rJ:; 6ro{'lur A d ur< y t A u d ln
il:runR6urdu kidnurrasriun{rGoldn:rnr irurirrsrilrlunaoilnunr:drtnfl orn
Bali Doab Canals ludqnldei.rqn:tirfl:-!o'cr:rnrru,irnuoillrouuldrlrjfier- i^ irirarud'rnasluarrnnnrrAurtulytrrrerinoufln0u{u qn:fifi'nfrufrehJ
, Aa r -:llKennedy's critical velocity ry{lJIll(ntn{U
m
120
Vo = C.dm (4.11)
jtlJ O Vo= critical velocity n'un:r,,aririilrjfinrilarucirnao{uarldlfi n
nl:ourlur Ilc0rnoufl n$u
c = coefficientd{firirrilAtulilflrudnuusxolelvnoulurirniu
= 0.365 drt.t:-uclvnou:cr6unuasr:Ltutn
= 0.544 duiusrsnouovt6unrtactut
= 0.586 dtltiugrcnouyl:lullurrlraslul
= 0.645 drrtiuflcnoudur:luuulrJ
= o.77odrfl:"uncnouyt:tul4urxrta&?ruln
n:rin:Jr!xlu (rJr;rvrrlmu)ld
c = 0.350d1fli:Jflcnouludrirvil:rr.rnrflnar{t
= 0.547 dril:-uncnouluiirjrnrnrru'ouaenlndulI
d = n2rua'nxo{ilr1unao{
m = index no. 1# o.ee nio z:n1: o o n[r!lJI il dqrrr{r, o{n o s r ri{lir 0cdo{ilulu1u o o nuuxl#
a3, a1a9dn?rulirrotnreilddrlunao{ lovldqn:1os Maming ttio Kutter nfl1u) ll.tu
c q ,d u .l A - i 4 .rY i - anl'lul:2lnalnuilnun?1utt21nqfl (Vo) Ulnn(o noo'l0ovuoU l?lnnoilslull,U11:o
: - . rt), c , f Y e a .,qnrirfinrirnruldrir{rAnfou fil{oonuuuov6oqr6onliturnrolfiunnol 1u) uor
R?ruAnxo{noor (a) l#rrursal otirr'lrfiqrudraloflluullto{Rao{ (s) nJuulnA L, a ! . ,.. d a -tr lI a r
lnu 1! n2'lurr?flo{rnr!tl3tu1n3 ]n6rfiu{n2turr??nqnruoUlgruulnHro fi11,0{ V
ru a u vo orr ochifi nruyirriu }irnu 1u n: 6u*rrfl udo ufi urirnrnfi lirldfu du
rtoafi.rdr.rrinrrsnouluuinudunasr rndofl o.rfiuhih?rfinnr:fl nncnounaon
n?luu1?1,0{nao{
4,1O.6 The Continuity Equation
rfl uasr:'lddrurornrrJiurorrirn.rd,utorirlnolumtilr16urriudrur:Jld/t
flnfl]{rl mn?lult?llflnn'l{nuuouulJtulolrnln rduo Ro
a = AxV ........(4.r2)
121
i-do a = ohrrnr:lualolfrlunasqflurun:3/iurfi
A = dudl:Jd'nlrtfirirlnoriru tflu n:.tunrd J laV = fl?1lJll?l0.iUllo{nt<d1l'lululunr/?uln
I A , , e c r.y, r J01nqflrYt{ll.rufiYtnal?ult1{rgn-r 0sruulallnl Q ltau A 0vrJfl'lfl{lr
lduo rlgi v nurlduu'lrjsrrurrr',lnrqotsir{1 gnurrgias{ot
gr-toti t{slru {gr :t orr Manning
V = 17n.P?3.51/3
dtu0
= AxVd I Jd.
= fl?lUtl?lQ0U10{n:&llflU'ltllU lU9l:nUlYl.J
= dUljtsdntn2lU1j!1,:Y1o{nao{ (Manning's n)
= 01fl H?u'l9l'lUllu?U1?10{na0{
= lflU fl 'ldof (Hydraulic Radius) .tJo{fl no{t
rlsinro.rrirlunao{ (A) rfl u n:.rugrr/rn'ruu'r?t o.!
lflu1,ourlun (P) l
u03 a
flurun:
001 nr:'lrat o.rrir'lu n a o.r rflu nrn:s/iurfi
dru irnaorrarJ: uyrlu ri2u'lfl qifi u^uuldfiu fi 1 Jdndnrduunl{x{ rtu nrt
drrfunrrirAuasP60
A = d(b+Zd)
Iras P = b+2dlt+22t
lu0
n{uu = d(b + za> rc+zali7
ruau a
n
S
R
=t
,utt
Yttu0
t1
A/PR
R
znbzdf- --t---f ---
Ib
zI
t22
sirodrrnr:r,irurorru rnro'rnaordqdr
rrnpJ'luo'rodx rflunoolryoo lL nr-ruu-l? r.t* nr.orrqrdrd,iui rionuo uriroonrfl udufi ,iorirni-,u1 ldn'llu1J lriranrffi nr:riru?0m1rurn
i" . .,10{nao{fl1uu lnun'lu o tl.t
drdtarlrrv'lu (Irrigable area)
Xanl:, (Water duty)
arofirrir (s)f
alona{ (Ss)
Marming's n
Vo (Critical velocity)
firruolrt vfr'o
fl0{lluYtYl{ltuoal.t
09r:nulYl/ 1r
=8OVo
= 0.02
= l:8fiX)
= 1:1.5
= 0.025
= 9.359 60.66
= 0.80 - 1.10
1fin'ltftlu'l0t
" " ji
"v i .nttfitutulufi iitvld N{anning's formula uactfion?lurrsn?n"lunttI "d, i6ruruturnrolnao{ri{il'l n2:ri1rfl un1:r.urdn{lnfi 0cil{yiori.rriudrur @arm
a J , ! " u!, r, J, . , Itumour) l,r:o lnm!ud{ultttnao{[[unaoutl y{50uudn{raxnilI!01unnd!r.11
J.)t.rliurud rfi ocdl'lflunnriujruaciliurud rfi rfl 6orsdo.rrilri run nolluriNtdrq.t r u A y !
n0 ['U (nil9r'l:1{nlluuYrluu). a ra.d A a
nltn1u?01010 ]T?D (trials and errrors) ly{otAon'f 11u'l9lnao{lltAgn?1Ud J a . dr tae e I ar:?Y[]rulsdu ?t:oo1nr1rllu0rlrt{n1:fl'lu?011uln0ttt "l 1?tla20{1a0nfl]01n
i , u r s i u,gt'l:'l{r'lrr,r lcduno tll (a{mrldn{ l?)
t23
KM,O
-Kl{t o+2002,000'l ,ooo
\t'\
tI
l'\
1,5001r200 @tr
h- Noturolorolnoge Chenndl\
:rno i800
KM. I2.500zE.0-6
,
2.400r l'92O
L Loleml
KM. l+600
KM2
2r5002,000
\
Nolurol Orolnoge ChennCA ,'
II
I2.400 .
1,420 /
@ *3# I
I I
II
KM.2+600
KM3
M oln Oroln-- - -J
IItrKM.3+500 '
End of Conol
II,IIII
)
I3.5002.800
t -t a,. r,
II
I
I
I
) lJtA \.\ ROa,:{AU 1 ?n 1
t24
nr:riruronlir.rrarrirlu naolri.rrir
:suEll'l{ (n .) uQnn.l
u1
tnlI
O'lU planimeter luol'IlQnd{u1
(1i)
$1n o.l R L I 2 3 Avg llt HltQ n.n. nl-
rliuror
ri rrl:c 6 r
IrDn
r3/iurfi
rlilror
fr'l'lflotdt
r.3iurfi
0+000
0+20o
0+80O
l+600
2+600
0+20O
0+800
l+600
2+600
3+-50O
I
3
5
7
2
4
6
8
r 500
2000
2400
2500
2500
2400
3500
1200
1200
1600
t920
2000
2000
1920
2800
2560
o.240
o.320
0.384
0.400
0.400
0.384
0.560
0.512
1.2@
2.640
1.8-s6
r.o72
0.000
t llJ 20000 16@0 3.200 Inrnor:trdrrlu
ltDn
trnn
ltQn
[]Qn
ttQn
rtnn
unltqn
I 1,?'r
zdu3 t?1
4 q1A
5t',t]
e dro
7l'?',|
= 0.24O
= 0.32O
= 0.384
= 0.4O0
= 0.4{X)
= 0.384
= 0.560
= 0.512
'n3/."",rr3/r""
-3/.""
-3/."".3/.""
.3/.""
.3/.""
-3/r""8 Ucrl
= 1200x0.200
= 16fi)x 0.200
=1920 x0.20O
= 200Ox 0,200
= 200Ox0.200
= 1920x 0.200
=2800 x0.200
= 2560x 0.200
= 16000 x0.200 = 3.200 .3/r""
lrlsl-ofi r
125
01fl nu. 0{000 0{ nu.0+200
il:u'l0lulYl0c = 3.200 srTiurfi (o1no111.i)
Ss=l:1.5
gl0{fllt
1d
aru61# b
d
A
P
R
v
b=4.0
4.00 rufit
t.30 [ fl:(b + l.Sxd)d
[4.0o +(1.5x1.30)]1.30
7.735 .uq72
b + d{r3
4.00 + (l.3Ox3.605)
8.687 [u9l:
Ai?
(1.73s)l(8.687)
0.890 runt
l/n.(R1?3'15;12
( Uo.02s)(0.890)2/3( r /sooo) tP
0.414 luflr/iutii
A.V
(7.73s).(0.4r4)
3.202 u3/iulfi <---- o.K
0.350(1.30)0.66
0.416 ruor/iurii
(0.414)/(0.416)
0.995 <---- o.K
a
Vo
I
t26
Irlciqfi r 01n nrJ. 0+200 0{ nu.0+800,- lJ , ,
1l:U10lU lYlt&010.1fl.I = 2.640 lJ-'nU'lYl (S1nfll:'l{)
d =1.18Ss=l:1.5
I
duufil# b
d
A
P
R
V
a
Vo
b =4.0
= 4.00 [U9ll
= l.l8 l flt
= (b + l.sxd)d
= [4.00 +(l.5xl.l8)]I.18
= 6.809 il2
= b + d1i/ t 3
= 4.00 + (1.18x3.605)
= 8.255 [U9lt
= A/P
= (6.80e)/(8.2ss)
= 0.825 luslt
= 1/n.(R)?3.(s)lP
= (1/0.Dsx0.82r?3(1/8000)12
= 0.393 tlelr/iu]fi
= (6.809).(0.393)
= 2.678 U3/iurfi <------- o.K
= 6.35s11.13;0.66
= 0.390 luslt/iu'lii
= (0.393)/(0,3e0)
= t.008 <---- O.K
grlq'hd:
t2:7
0rn nu. 0+800 fi.r nu.t+ooo,- li 7, t
iliuronirft rcgio.rd'r = t.gs6 rufl r3liurfi (ornor:1.r)
d = l.l0 Ss=l:1.5
I
duu61#
Vo
b
d
A
b=3.0
= 3.00 tu0:
= l.l0 tUglt
= (b + l.5xd)d
= [3.00 +(l.sxl.l0)]1.10
= 5.115 [Ugl:2
= u+afi= 3.00 + (1.1016.605)
= 6.966 lUo:
= A/P
= (s.1ls)/(6.966)
= 0.734 lugl:
= l/n.(R)2/3{S)12
= (r/0.02s)(0.73 q2/3616w1112
= 0.364 runr/aulfi
= (s.ll5).(0.364)
= 1.862 u3/iurfi <---- o.K
= s.35s11.1sy0.66
= O.373 tiler:/iulii
= (0.364)/(0.373)
= O.977 <------- O.K
P
R
a
r28
Irlel'ofi 4 nln nu. l+600 6r nr.z*eoo ([[au!1n nu.2+600 6{
nu.3+500 ttlrfl urirularunaol rirrunh?rfl u section 16urfiu),- lt v
rliruronirffospio{ri{ = 1.072 u3/iurfi (0lnnr:r{l)
d =0.97Si=l:1.5
I
duusr'1#
Vo
b
d
A
b =2.0
= 2.00 lUsl:
= 0.97 tufit
= (b + l.Sxd)d
= [3.00 +( 1.5x0.97)]0.97
= 3.351 tugl:2
= u+a{i= 2.tX) + (0.97x3.605)
= 5.497 tusl:
= A/P
= (3.3st)/(s.479)
= 0.610 lUot
= 176.1p;2/3.i5y12
= (l/0.02s)(0.6 lo;2/3ir7rooo; l2
= O.322 tusrt/iulfi
= (3.3s1).(0.322)
= 1.0?8 u3/iurfi <------- o.K
= 6.35si6.9710'66
= 0.343 ruo:/iulfi
= (0.?22)1Q.34?) = 0.937
P
R
a
<------- o.K
129
sa4.11 flantnurnnlt o't: lnll00nlluultulfllta!Iilstoao0{
- rl il ,- ,nltii!'1101til6uuu n'rrutnuacl:Jn'nnoolrilrilfr 0.t01nJiu10llitan
n.rflnr!rndlnri.rrir}iriunoo.rryouiliDnoo.urunrysutludr fiua'nrnor"rinoalri}l
n{u
l.rr.r nr:nJduururouar gileionaosri t t , a l.l.) nl:r:l auua?lun21{ nuflno{ (b) lton?tuonlo.tul t
t{rrfl unr:anriunno.:n.rrfi u.rr6nrlou ldu 0.20-0.40 run: lanriunaornrI d rA uv' .. t, v trirlac o.to-0.20 rro:; fitiliuukifiufr usidranalurnsiolrir Transition Inurioul
99nnfl 1run2r{r,oirnunao{a{macriounrulurix l0- 1000 ltJsrr rol Transition riu
rtayg',y{urordr0u n'rr0'lrinrrunirlriunoornrldolnr: rfi ohihifi uiqru aqonr: lraroldr
aaatrn{r:uo:du aaorrinibit
-t
unno{n{tnu
(.a
c
F- koottionto - too tlltt
$nn
.Jtr2.) nlflljnuunlnna{tnoo{
tYrdnuorc6uoruuurnaolril6uulrj uac,irslo.uilduuornna.rnao.rh?
ty ursdufiudnuorc6u fi rldlnurir Transition nl6uu arnn6.!naollrjfi a;rlou nru
lurir.r to-tooo ruor rort rransition riu ou n'iros'kinrosra'lnrueio{ nr:
-0-
-
H'l'l -r'll[[ll lTl
I
130
et
to-roo!Im
ntiur.raraairaaomrn tt tOu t:t
3.)
n1uil nsr'nlroo nuuunno{d{i103yru1uru1#a1o riu n asltilu arnt6or- - ! a . ! o c a rnuflnonflao.t ri{uuuJot!ann?tunn{o{ut luflao{noigto{onrsou F.s.L.l o{u1. dJ d <llu n:6ifi an F.s.L. a{rfi uutnr?ouwrJ rioul# F.s.L. nnnro{Inu'lilfi ornr:ri.rfiut ,, -- ! !rir rcith F.s.L. onnru1n036o{o1nrril{dud1 rdu rJ:cql:cururqn tnal{flao.l! a. ,, - jt,
rirfln riluciu cl:{lir?ufrdo{nrr nn F.s.L. riu- ! q . xr< a< ,! a s v !
n1: nnfl?tuan10{u1 lun no{vn Ifl0 n?[ru rfto unrsflunufla0{1u91: {At a lq - ^o..'u ', t
1nfi dolnr:ann2ruanuo{ilrlunao{rlyru nr: an F.s.L. iGfi hjriou6rin lil: rv th
un: !6'uriuno0!urn fl ynouludr0uursrnoriuirrudufi rl#nao'rdurfi u il1ru'lilacnrn lra!o1ofiilrUilrnr:
u .q9 ,U,nfl rcrtuYr-l l na0tYt{ ln
,J - !"l auufl2lunnl,o{u'lluflao{
t.3.LN,G,L
dl
I
42
I P"" T
ntrarnlrlfn rol{r1lrnao(ruar rs.l. ar
F.S,L
.12B.L
N,G,L
cr
I
d!
nluaarrrfnror{rlnaaortauunr:luI!aasrf,!
+.; nr:uJ6uupJsTnnaol
nr:nJduulJfrnnao{fi urudr nr:uJ6uulJdnt2r.rro{nao{0rndrilduu*f, J a J ' J d a Jfnlll{lrJuflll,rouu{uoln fl:o n:{1{na rlu0louytlnfln0{HlunuttxrHt0fl0uYl
n oo{ncaiofrulruir(nt,rm") ud! siphon rfl ud'u lu n:ddovdo.roouulpJdntls
noo.ufl ufirfluInufl Transition udr"h?naoluJduul'hJfi avriounrulu.ir.rro.t
Transition ou n'jroynarutfl u1rl6'nlnridoiosnr:
l,l,l,l-+{l,l,l,l
e
l3t
rArB
rcDr FLu,De
q.
LoLc
La
-J ronslllonIrLe
A-A
B.B c- c 0- o
luvr \-5 nt:rla'tru:!finRna.r
conol
rir
132
ri4.11.2 rfllltru2ln{na0{flrtul
'AarA,yrr'aldo-.in1: tI a uu Yt fl Yllitfl o{uu?na0{0g gl o.ltx oufl 0n 2u ln {1lnfl q.lur fl u u'12 0m 0E
tf .ee- - tr syi t dt toluril tfirnnnl: nlsxlealnfl a{ n1]il lnrnuu1flu unat{nao{fr2:0vun10q lul?{ l0
d r , , 6 0rdod ro r <n{ l5 ryr110{frt'lun21{r,0 rnuflao{ usBR nlfluq trau:f,uog tu!?.t 3 oir 7 rYlt
lYA.rnd.--i..rr.14u110{n?tun?1.1u0{fl ?u1 0u't.1 l:nflludt tunao{9tuYtul,u tn tfl0gglo{fllu.lo't0grt'l
nr:lnaro.rirlunno{ Euduf6ro{6uiinno{rlariruuavnrrrLrirro{n:vufl irlunaorstruq{.!Iou:Jncr'udrovrfiuiafinlu}i.rduthdonnl:'lflalunoo'rarduucidrdt d < !r, r erd
r1lufl ao{olnnoln0rao:fiun?ltJ ln{ta{ tnon
ir luy .i4.11.3 trUflorr?lttYlirtulloclvo2nilqo
1 u n : fi d 1 ri i il tg ?r r rC o { n'l : q n o y n o u rr a 3 n r r i ? 6 u rr?rru rrd u r r? o.r n r :fi or:olu6onri'el?i2uro{nao{ri{rirdltiril1ru16'arnrnfi qn 0rngfl :ro{
I i , !^i; ,-Chezy' formula : Q = clRS tta! R = A/P tiionno{ri.nit[frufrgrld'ntru 1n1
ilu i J , et Arr03u Slope (s) llr]nu 1!flonaornllt txaireolnyrq9 [u0n1 P ilouyrqoxtou
- i , ^ I a , i J aa I r f,Friction [nqtU:v11?1{H'lU'lltAYH2fl Ao{U 0UylCYfl UU nfl O l0t ]fl Adtn?nlUO
1:JoTnnnolfi wetted Perimete. t?oudqo olnn1:rln2rudufrudtol b, d uau
0 pJ6'nmr.riiri'r'lu aar nrnfi qnru{o
A SinAd
b
2-cos9
, Or*r!
ruao 0 = rluro{rarnfla{nao{rirriuuu'l:ru (virfiuarflfl6.lo aJ ,- .r ,j i a ) at t Aa
nAO{) lUn:UnIU9lOloqflAO{lllUIlJdlflAU! tan = I t0 b = 2d cr{l Ufllrl9lA?YlEonl{qYrnflldert
ta i- < y j4.11.4 trlJsro1?1.{fl a0.sylr?.tiuri0uriqo
tt
nr:irdrurouirlunao{0cfi fl ?r ii'uri'ufn'ufi'rsiolilfi
anuucaruro{ld?nao{ drfl u6urfi uriuirrv:i6uoonhjkiurn rrci
r33
e dr a i *,, I L ao1[uuauru o tlJ:.:u]ncr ?ryuoonl:J'1eilJ1n
- f oy- y - layo a ,o ,a a:r9uu'r lnnu 0'r:vfiuu'l [flnud$rr00g lnaH?nu u10!
tlr:ra'udrlo9lu 0ugt'rr1n031nnnt, :?curJx0.:u 1(l
:?au00n2.
!1nna0{
3.
I9UOU I tglJa
a la tt la & an?luan1,0ru1 tunao': 01u1anu1n03!lt:.:nonu({!yun'l::?<Iuuln
Aa J a ! y A . r,fl a 0lrunlr:')cr!1,0{u-lu 0umqndMr0nlu?tu l9l 0'lnH antn qln't
d AsinAe
qdan02
9ro trju
cos4
b
ilnn 5
o-lR1td{u1
s.r rirrir
uln rr,i.rri'l (Conveyance structues) }iud ornr:fi aixdu lu : v uurirI Jo q , I a . yAa ! 'u'l rn luflao{fl]u ]?ti!, flao{sou froo.lrlunaourlaunu 1 ry{ouytltluln]autu]fl]u:- ^.,fl {rnnr?r.i!: : uarfl fl : oyruquri.rir.riiulrld.rniudrirrlluln:lnr:qlufido{nr:n1:
, v ,! alnao{ri{drn1nuil{ryioornfi'ruur{r}JlurtsrIn:{lnrrxail:iyrluorriluq:Jfl::nI q , I e u t . i a. , I ;'.
n1{cl tuuglu?]noo{gto{onH]u01u'l!:tullgr alfi ?u Yt't{:cu'luul fl quan ouu
nr{:0ly'l uinufifiuH'r6uril6uurcaiuoodra{lu1n uiouil?orfinao.r.i.tdrriolldJ. a Y r, , l
rnlr trj0r1uxlualnlx1n0un1{uu luufl 'lun{na12u !'[1Ju9ro{fl :'t{oln1: fl {u1
(conveyance structures) uioornr:ri.rriuir (controt structurerdurdobiarrur:nd'r
rirriruq:Jar:n,r,;rt:'rttltrt rrnvd'lur:oinu'r:sdrrirl#nr:rfiufi(p,s.l)lunas.r
' J rr,'. 1, ,fl {lu1 t2 loo'lugro{nl:
fllurl nn'na o{d1ulnqjt olln: r n'r: rail:snrulurir:rumuttraorr'hn" l.t- t e
r rriri rovlcirarv'lilsrrucrurtrry.tfrud'u 0s nroryrfiou {r.rtual{uultr.iduturRaolc 14 e If,lu'luililnoutuluf,:rrdu contours 6ruiuuurnnolarulrqjdlrintleinf rudrrir
., ,-" ' , ,iry, , {dlri2Un 1?t6U',',tfi'lll1o.{t.l,lasqrtuu1 tn!oucl fl?unao{crou.u{0quuflutuuuou
a il d rr d - ,!., .tt,r14:olxytuuoonul0'lnalutt lullu2flao{ [1jt'l'l{]nu2nlJuuulalfl?u 0{ l nou0gfln
) - i ryn'tunu tl0tttu?na0{crouun0cH]u1J:1?olrtgn!tmunuannla{u1n tntdlJ0
luvjrrruninlrqj nr:finriruif, rririirr{rsro.:naord.rrirrshjrfl uhlJ ' t ! - . l. y ry
n1uTnallulll42 m.inao{fllu ll,ltuuacnao.:crouotgrnalulal ?u lntduo t]nt&olJ
dufl'r6uqrurrurnaorovhir:lduuuiloraneirarurnrin ornrrei.riruri'roonldrflu,
,l :elnno.l.t"l fi{9lo ltl u
6.2 :r{ril fiioscuru;r (Ftumes)
: r.:rirrioacfl rurirrfl um rllfl n (open Channels) n-nuur.rdalrldui . a t. J -rviorirrau{rlt lunao{lo rsvlluH'lulru'lflatnruT]un -l (Steep Sidehill Terrain)
135
F.S.L
\
f
rtume fla.irqwduareur
s.L
F rumc da{1!uld1ua1i$1
E S. L. Fluma
Flums rall!l1ulrzl
1d r.r :r.tii (rrumcs)
?t2ll
-a;<-fr
136
I
s
E
H
E6a
I
q
6G
ri.'.t. F
{i
-rEJ
-r
I rll'lrt-r
l''.;
';i
!
.ET*
EOEx8I
!.1
-a
rEJ
I
i.
ji
IItI,s
l":\\i
o
.EJ
t
I
$iq i.,t'{
I
t?7
n tlri rcirll lwaterways)mio : o.t: vU tuti'tfi : t uslfr^ (Drainage Channels) uonttnui-qrarq<- - ia
:r.rrird{lf,lfiiiriruinoriifirtsrnaolnir.rdrrinlRestricted Right of Way) uauuir?arA-- ur a s ' i J- -fi fi iaqhiurrrvaufrunr:air.rnao.rri.rdr uiuu?nufi 6ufi nr:n'lrtcnruld.irurfl uI9tu
- 1,r., j
' t
n n uusmnlilro.r: t.rr: I (ceneral Features of Flumes) n ru il no^: t{li ti?\rJrfl u:r.rrf, n (open chamels)uaclilfi rhfl n ruiornfi rlrirlr.util{fi fi Flrilnru:ry
air':durdoiorqrJ:ca{riodr{odushu ,riu1#:Nrirriurfluasvrrulrllucir :r.rirvlnI lrr. r a Uqri
ltll'l0UOOnllUU t13111'l:U Free flow Operation nO IUUUlU tCt (Gates) nn [i]l:'lil
rllltrulJ{nuu'l
.EIuraes
flumes
:tirfi airuudu6unrruuurlrurinfi rrn}lnrulrdn rFun'ir Bench
't)r,trt'i-.eiru:xdrfr afxlio.rn'irfl'uo-uInufi Inrlniogruro{;:rFun'it Etevated
5.2.1 Bench flumes
Bench Flumes Inorirtl ovrfl u 1:J drr6uur.r"u flr fi rrirunsu ni nrairu
trf,n niousiru L er tray outlet Transitions tdoutrirn'unaolrilrit nrurrur'luriun
fi sYo.rtnduoonrdorioair.r Bench flume n1:fi rulnnfirilodosrioalr.rrfl uouu'hJ
oruuurlnrirtrriudru u onrrn'irldfi nrrrxunurioafirnuu}Jn.tultu1o{uudlI d o,toello.inl: [T Bench Flume olurru ?lildrrlumu nr: dgt{Raol rilrirnionr:
ot!,t ' id4 | e u !y,llmofl'tu1nn0 r1n18nn21 mlntIflod:'l{lraeull{:nu1 ]n{lun?1J - ,' i r., i ^ f,- du,t1{U'lYlniuA0l!d:1{tUUu Benches IUnIU UnUY|UR?1UO'lOtnnln
, !" -Bench Flumes rrrirfithfirurnluq!rrrirr1runounisrrravlnuurnfigrJcr'otrr,ufluplj i ,J. d r J cae d u , -idl AU UUDlntl9lYll11lll1l I ntil'l{nAUnul]l{[UUoUnU Bench flumes U]{[tllitUliu4a99lllufloun:fl n1nfl1{:ltfi 'lu1u11'l 7ta9(Uphill Side) nloO?UnoUn:n Tltn'lUAlllJ'l
(Downhill Sidey rilurirrur.:nouniosfw:l Bench Flumes dldnuorcd{nciredlr.rfi
ItUn?] Concrete lined Canals
nr:oonuuu bench flumes Inul#fi durfl unouniourasfi 6rrrn{nounin
drs,rueuo{lur't{fild oruilngl'{r{ilfl{6rrryr{nounloetrudurtrto! Bench Flumes
df a a , ! nrtl!unu0u0nuuu tf?unlu {noun:flnlu6il11,ln{1?[qul l]9tulilylol0unuouonI t
^ ! , 4 r I A dr., . di]luu1]{fla{nlu {noU n:qm'!alo':i,11 14:O lUOtJOutaun ln luntull Bench Flume
138
dornhltl .id. sl"
9L
dornhill .id. \
,ocl
brnch lluma q concrata ltnad corEl
E S.L
,.t,,,
uphill .ld.
..I,
l
'.t ,,
bocHlll
I il. droin
\,
T
\'
l,
bench tlume Type I
(bocklill one sidq nooe onellher)
ES.L
..1,,' uphlll .ld.
bockfill
b.d longiludinol &oin
,ocl,,. \
,,/.i\\ig
boclllll
lil. d,oln
/,\
b.nch flum. Trpr II( boctllll bolh rid. r )
E S,L.
;\ /"\b.nch llum. Trp. III
(no bellill .llh.r rld. )
lffrtr' f . S rype of Bcnch Flulncs
I'
139
! , *, u r-r- - , ! , , ury tr^ oi,rqr9l.roulQUcl lnu tuuounu0nttuuYl{ttlo'nl1{n?td51r tiuu uqut::uxlnytrtgt{ li
- ,doul{9r uuquonlluu ?t: o!u n'lu:0{: u 0 u'l{ ou
qrAid"aAr.Art!yluyl0.r0uytu:Jult]fl unnutgl'tu l11arlt n?:ntn'l:nauaut,1{:1{ulntu
ui4a-id-Itotttfruurourfrornltsu:r luuirrorfifiilrgx'lrurrr{ruav:Jiillonirlu:r.rfi'1il
urnrin nr:l#rionou n3fl mulr:{duil{lu j o{uaynau6u ndlvioa'nrJ:su10I 3 4er
rlmu ocfi : 1n1Q nuayil aoa riunil
6.2.2 Elevated flumes
Inart'rtJ ovrirdrulor;pJ nd'rx naudru:-u iir16ulir:liurs,r 1ilu rnu-n| , \9 C . I et d[ :1Vn0fl:1{ [Ofltn1nllav:?nrr?n?1 llo&uuun0drl{n?ufloun:nrdrulfian
n: 6d6'o.rduirrJiuruu r n r*{ohiri rrirlu n n o wail, !m1u 1#lr arTrud| 4 | I -n ,- ' ! o ,t i ' r,
auHto: o{t:v1l'luu lt:tux'tgr t u{nao{f,r 1ftnri1u u'r n1rflod5't{ Elevated
I u, a , I a it d , , IuvFlumesosl'l'l [utltt2ol S{ tUfllUltotslnt Unao{al{1.11 }lIoCl5l{tlluYl03l.tu1 tO
d o f, l, r, , I?r:0m1 [nrto0r0{[fl ufl 1n0dr1{u1nn21
nr:alrs:rqirarrur:orirldril rir:rsiuirmrJ:snrul#lnariruvrtirt
E::ilrrsr'lIauri]txiutht::ulrsr'tfl ra{runao.rgailrcylruucilnufr rtludehiA e A - I a i, o -:uuud:1.1ry{0t1lu1tlnnao.ltt:tJ!1q unr2u luntu0tl.tclo.tu
" ! c d,a !,'n. alu'l!::uI'lfrutulnrnnl]aeu :ulBlulu0uai ' - !1. IUUn:?glvll',lu?tr0d{dn :nulnuululn
qy , J 4 a a t,n. [!fl n0{d.lulnjufl a0{tout:on?ula e i I I ae
:t{ulYt3I:1{tlUlyl0rvu-tuutD::uItfl t tunao{ra :eyllu tiun'i't
- Adr q ' Ioverchures ryll:Ju0'lft'l: [unau10.t:guI:cxlu 1
s.z.s f,nuoryiIilrho{:r{rir (General Fearures of Flumes)
! :,",a,fl 1uilno:1ril1ri?hlrfl u:rlfl n (opcn channels)trncldfi rlrrfl n ueiorofi
3 , i-,* y i A - , r . A e t q, ! !51.:UtUl{ln4{yrUtllrJOD'r:1rdi1.r1,lUrnO2fl q!rCd{nOU't{OUn?U tlu lt:',I{l.ilUU
rfluagilrul:Jludr rr.rirvlnuri.r0eoonuuu'l{d1uilr Free flow opcration fiohifir o uyl . - - - !ululJ:efl @ares) fi9r t?Yrrl{d]l.t:uu{n!u-l
t d j i ri:1.ru1u11j9r1{ 1 nU rXUullletnl?',I{lrjurrrfl auurluoln liln:{?{nau
, i , I u, a , c a eItasl d'lul?tauu fl:'l{Fl?ultHu laHc [u noun:oa? nountotd:utHan H:o?fl9l
tflalut?unu
140
. r:].ffii
t. rttifli GiI,lber Ftumes)
! ^:, s tee errc v I J rrvj a dlrl:]{U ]$UnUdl'l{ft?U [tJA?U ft2: lt luYlo.:ouYll1'l tl]c[{uqunlflo to{'lu
a e o lunaa J, - ! I t
[[0uu:]n]Qn 1,ordulo{:'l{u'l lunflo4ltai: ?illulfl:1csr?:l{u10s1 un 1 uH.l cl og
3r",.lduo 71{U1 tu!{[ u]vfl]fi:u nr:dsdrclaontr d1 (Continuous Irrigation) ltaitflUJ a I u dz.:r ,, Jrv .i ' .dr I ace
:'lrru11,u lnran0ut{ [: nnn{[tu?1:t.tu I turs4rrav: ?inuufln$oulr$u{1u 0{ [!{'1u
Ii'6 ru n'iroc lrlnl6rrr',ori',1r?,fl u:1ri1do11: n'irrriu :r{rilTafl srlio:rsirnou n
inrrvruurAaero i a, t"ri d q, 9 4 a u,a ueluyr ltyll:lilulft'l:rllu lulu0rrl{ tril[an:t??t:oln{o tuusl'l lurrac
rdolflilrAu hin:sorufirJrfludrr'roi.,,,urr,flur.ru-{{r{:r{n?lrurlrirlounir: ,^ ."
1.5 u1 flonflllunflnlluunur:fi (siU) uacn:'rrgi{ (vertical timbersl ldo.rtrnor
:uri"ru116rrlo'rfinr:ciolfd:1l#dr:rlrir nr:sio'hlocaiolnuuuulniilerfild uci
r e , lv y Et: ou9t00u60{[iullfiuvl rl d'lu6'lillJ0{n:1'Ifl{fl0it5 0udn:u09rnonur:u rlau alu
llu9l^elriunrurll{ (cross timbers) ruao'hi1#:r.rri'r,rurru:rrqnrirfiulutorvri.rrir, di ' !
H1u:lilrgtuyt n:1?st{ua&n1ulrxrs6n1irflu:vUlilrltiuil:vu'rsr 0.90-1.50 [usr:
qaonn?rru1?ro{:r{ril 6'r,flr,rorirlrinurnlnqjonololoior:fitolrlduoon'1il!,ti-r.yl-vlnnrreai^
yl.l dO{{1{[ylo:U [Ufl'lUU{l-ltllt (braces) OlU nfl:]{u1tUot'l'l{ t2C{111UOv{UnU
6lds.rfiIn:.r:-urt In:l:-r:r.:fisafi{l{rilu:vuc?irlriuil:curu 3.50-I0.00 ruert
l.l1xo{In:{iurr{oroei{uu muasil fiuu{l riogrunounior6ld Inuurn:r.rrirh?i, -d I 4 | 1 rCr. ro r a v amfr5't{unun1lufl?'l{['tlurlo.rrvtlx0{n?1uan1o{r'1.: r[fln tu lunarnu.vloluo? 0{
u901nud1uflnfl]ill ln
',9A2. 111luuauuu (Wood stave Flumes)
< iny , I I . e rrri crilu :xrir'hiotir{rurcx{mrnlu Iuxuranl onFuul::nouf,urfl uilJ
nd.rr.rnarurrasfi rmf,ninrflur:lars 1 qaonnrruulrl,ol:r{ l:i'iit#rnr wood stave
Flumes nllrfl hi dor,{.rdfiqnrnrvrfi6uasu#'r :ousioro{'ldflruullgio.triu:ruau1.i., ",t ", ., u, a J
au-mur.iuririrhit{rou ugifiou wood stave Flun:es ritd, uhit::ugrril4rravir- Jr.yJurq - - .r, n rr- ! )irutdut6urf,r:ruirhiri'rl:l luilopiu wood stave Flumes rirdru'hi6'nrirurfrran
1 e urn ) ! -t I ura 'nlruntlarfloel?tol tr tu,norsfi:l{illrilun 1 rni.rl o.r16 Srhjir'iru lrorli]u1fi1fr
C n yr.rro d u,o lnrtur.ryu=qinuul-l=ohiki6 rrua.ruacrfio:rovlril4rarurfiohi rirhi:roirfiorqldlru'lsturuurn rirurfio-nr{rlrjlurdoldfidoeiN'l lumr'rnrrdr ldu creosotc, tanalith c
l4l
cross I im bet Footwoy
B rocsv€rticol timbor
s
P0st
Nolurol Ground Lsvol
- mud sill
Tlmber f lume
cold rollsd lhrsod
Sproodsr Angl8 woshor
Rou ndSlsol rod
s6gmenl
Strul
Brocg
dssign
Bosg sill
Typ lco I for wood-stove f tume
IIIIIII
rll
ES
Wood sloveg
:vt 5-7 Timber flumes
t42
,,!a' y !uyA" y uy- ! r,. d et atu[]lu91u :1tu1 tlJYtYllo1u tu09rulu-l tu 0lrlju9ro{yl'ld
3. l10Ull0ns (Meal Flumes)
I , J Jo , I aare5'l{u 1: un: {lr{ naum yr ra?ulrFiil Iauvrna'0ufil#f,uurnlu:cuunr: fl{
tr9r)rirrolln:rnr:rya:l:vnru rfl:1s:r': rxu'elfifirirrarinr?ou rJ:vnor6ncislrl.iru
rraudrlnasiru ldasnrnucidrlurirfiudrrqd.rfirJ['6iurmr.rrnfirirlausdrir:r.rrJu
o{rhurrflrorelo'rvrrf,:rrflo'rriu'1{ ,''orillurrfi"nrrldiidrlrjfivr:rl'luarJuurfiu! - al i adr rr:rsvr:roosrinfi d.rfi rn6oulanvlil#rqnhJl6'
I u 1 er I o'r : 1 { ir I a u v f u u 6 u n rfl u 6r r n r ryl.r r vi r tiu n ? r u u r ? r fl u d? ! o'r
iov. , I : i a -rrduIarvfrlf,fir:r{ rdu:l.nil No. 96 rirornrrdularsurr 8 {fl(96 u-r) fi.rru'osrh
ro}irflupJndrxnaurrd'r0vfir#ur.ir4urinaxorr s.or rlcr :rruJrlancdl#drhllu
In:rnr:lail:yvrrufi tursroi.r{ 1 n'u odr'rlnqjfi qnfi rdudr4udnal{u1?il:eurBr
zo r,!orlutowdrir'lnar.iru:rr :rsirlarvosrilduupJornnd.rr.rnau}Jrf,nrlourlr
rfl u :rlrdnfi lri6rrfl uslo{fi or:ur uoidrfl u:r'rluqj nr:nJ6uulrJto.rrr'rtvslo.rlstil
nr:fitr:orrotir'::ounoulnuloyttrodrl0rlunr:dru'ruoonuuu supports roil
endwall
4. l?{Uln0UffiFl (Concrete Flumes)
tlr'ldriruror oonrruuuas riongl{1d6oir r,,dr: rorirnou nifl rfl u:1.t.'i-i . 3 ! oa- A a i
u'lYtnmqoluu:1911:1.tulylnlun Itot1{u1flountqnu:lnlun{mqn !{[ ulcYt0&e t " 'l , I
af xlunaolarulnniElri{$rnaonnarlu qqrnrJ:vnru
I"rrt lrJr*riloouniorfi 1J6'nnllfl u1Jfi ruiuuqlorn fi dnruJa.r
rflugrJnd.rr'rnaunioplaruruduufifinru'oufiu :r.rri.rnounisrrurerlrqlolo.uflud
:1{n0u n:fltdSutllan,t ! < c u, oo a
nl: d:1'r: r{u rnou nisnitti z it n-oosx.iod?:r{Inurnnoun,'na.tlui' , a ute, I d
u'uu il firiodil'r (cast in Place) uioolndosr'r:rrliriourfluvioul lPrecast Units)
fikirdorsrai16rriourir'lrjrl:rnorriu 0l firioafr: nr:afr.r:r.rriraounifllouldde d ,, A a A
precast tmirs fi{o6o{rJ:vnr:ufi{6oru'o:r{yioulo"irloru.iouuvu'lsl.iruuav:rn
rie n'orqnriuirdru:r.uflud'nrnr; udriurirror:tvisudrriol{udrhJnldt uriou
fi"ir:n :r.rrirnounisr:rJod.rr.rnarfiorol# pr""u., Units d.rrir'hlrr.:uutruto n, , o -floun:0'l t9uxutou'lnu
t43
5.2.4 nlrfi olrorroYruroarani6ydraulic Considerations)
l. gililaex (Elume Secrion)
i.ri e tdan. on:1d?u (b/d) 0fl:ld1unnnqnrl{n]uxafildfl:nR 0:'l{ulYlu 0 9tt'l
riru u/a rrirffu a
ur?'iro'o: r eiru dnsu'uxl#fiu rhl:J r rgi 0rnnr: fi n r: Br r:l:srdu olu ud'r, i t d y , Jaqy - Ja e s
vru2'lofl:1rY?uun'l: neulnn?tflr0u0un?]u n 10 n20u'l{[Iu tl{lYtultu lflnrtn!0ta <ir q B r A - id
u: lnlQnn2l lu n:u nfl 0ild:1{fllurru? l14 a l{lnno{rln14 u lra }tulcnuurr?0lYlui l, , . v o j i.r ,- , u e e ! ,tumn0d:1{01nn lut,uvm:l{vluIufl nnl1{0sann?1uq{loirHu.rfilulnilm{ 2 n1u
n{\drir1fi: rnrrirri o aTr g na'r
srnnlrfl nuro'el:'lri?u (b/d) Inuriru'r6'rrJrvfinrnrfl riruragrf,erirlac
'Jrirrioaft 1lil:rurirln6uuneounu) onrra?u b/d yruou:uldi!oli:!H'il{ l-3
lurir.rn.rnrirrd drdrti",;u n?ruri2 uarrduroulfl undnjduutJ16suochjunn
sixdurirrriunrluarnrmrr'r :vfi 'j'l.r 0.001 - 0. 100 uasdn:lnr:lrato.rrir
rsx'jr{ o - 100 au.r{o/iulii (0-2.8au.rusl:/iurfi)
2. ATauasnllutil lStop and Vetocity)
1 rJti'orr.rririirl:vufiodqnrrfi nrrurirurnn'irnrrufi uoul#lunoo.rduo ,"-. . Jo '
- - J adt a-lu- o{0rnilnsl-n?1u!i ruo{li rlu:1{q{n'irlunoor6u dlriu:r.rirlaroiitunir(Steeper Slope)
In uil nsr ts oo nuu:L}inrturi rt o.rdrlu : r.tdrn'ir critical velocity d{J " aariunt:1un6'rrilu Subcritical Flow odr{lrfinrudtoonuuutin?rur;?(rn'il
tddlrcritical velocity nr:lnafiwrflu Supercritical Flow lunrdfinrrlunto.rrir'lu
Bench Flume 0crl.tu'ounr:lilato{irlu "not"
dqoyndrrlurirdociolila i- !
0'1fln1:flnulruoon5ln'ru b/d rnlnu I, 2, 1l:o 3 [asd'[t:1jll:u10lu'l-!hjrfiu roo nu.r{ntiurfi riu alaxo{rr{lrin?rf,un'ir o.ooz dofirnun (Critcria)fi
r.-r r.e. .7 ,-.y" - A 9tulytui tgt lafl1 :unltoonuljlla10flo{t1{lYi'luutlou{ lafll tlJntl0fioua10mltYlAor99'r'
!i.tuo{t1{lutBlsrioafr.rriruu'nu-u0lunnrfl u supercritical Slopes
!-atr{u-Ji'u0ntlnuu{yruon?1 n?ulll0u t109r:'ld?urlav :u10ru'tgtluYlna1?u1
nt:160nalano{r:'l{n?:rrxu nir critical Slope odr'rfiqrru lfltlunl:lxoflo{r:]fi
t44
tt,,. i,*.##
nrrruf;nlnd Critical Deprh ororirl#nr:'lnalrjn.rfi rfirl#rfisrouordArti',1,1'
3. tHo{u (Frceboard),
A ct ' Ia - ! q a elHoaulo{:1{u1n0:vu!!1n:sn!u1({qn ]u:1{ o{rsnuu0fl nlrrv{{1,1'r
J ,t i u 'u e y . y . ' i , c J:'rit rrusu nrfl0.:f,t110vlnu l! tfiaaullunl[[Y{.:1ltt't{ tut olgd{u'1fl'lurouYlnlu
rJn6 Freeboard !or:t{0efiritlndriulti'u Freeboard to.rnao.rri.rrirdrdousiotiu
rviolril#rfino'usr:ruriunao{ oir:x:rrlvrJlriruduldoqidrallil drfi:cucil:curor
0.05 tuclt oil 0.60 tugl: t101ll9l1u'19110.1:-l'l :'ltu ]U'l{lll4 {ll Freeboard SltllUU)trt. d.l . tl cl o dd?!yyuflu lxu:1ilulyluu't tfia tu:1{rt5.l 1n t].tulytu tn{10.ttl{ttnu :lltu]Ytulfluflit
, I i : a u, !;1'0{ lflaaouu lulutntla!fl2t]{uRtut ?1{ cu{tf,u d.t10.t0lt0gaouulno lgt :'l{ulYl
, c e A Aa - ii- - lc \, . ad:'tit luyla.:oul0uaulto tilulfl tlilu'tmunltoou't lu:l.t tool0l't'tfl'l1ulflult1ultfl
r a i - ! !- t le afloUo nlu:ln :0gluYltoiltlJ:'l{ lyt:]UA!UU:1{u lotno]?0{O0{lU Freeboard (tl
t t cdt - I g - . -- .n?1 Frecboard lttunl ou1.1flii611'JYl1{rl1du00 lul]cl (Automatic Spillway) lllolll{fi{{t 1wu.t"wuy) airrlirrfiorltnfll{lrit:1lud? ilriirri]u6'ol1# Freeboard ilo.l
:'l { li 1 d.: ril u il' rfl u uei o ri 1 i 1n,t,
{oonuuu:r'rrhlilndrr.rnauumld Freeboard ryirfiu t rirrirriunrrru- !" - i - ! qr o'ofinto.rilr1u:r.ra'n1n l r{fl + z ur 6'lriu drilrlu:ndn r vler
u?Freeboard
= s u''r tio 0.125 ruelt
{o o nr ruuu t nu l#qn :d ru ror Freeboard'lnufi v"to"ity rdrurrdurr?o.r
shu arunr:fir1rlfilfrur Fr.'uoara fi rioofi qntirn:-u:rlrirlanrl:Jndl':lnaru6o
F = 0.10 D (0.90 + 0.10 hv. .......................(5.1)
3(l u'l) + 2
dluo
F = Minimum Freeboard
D9tl .
= tdUHlfllJUO0lnl0{:'l.tU'l
hv = Velocity Head
I 4 i ,i ,l f t, rruo{01nR?lrJnn1loqr't{u11un:{?{nnulnlnuR:{14u t10. fl ufl ]uu u
Lth ,- !i.r[1JUudunl: (l) l9r txlj9l.lu
F = 0.20d' (0.902 + 0.10 hv)
nalt
dluo
(s.2)
I a.|u, - :d = nlrufinfr1ilQn6au?r'!trnrl0u:r{fra{'Iil uioornriornruI r., 1e
fl 11.11,0 {: 't{ u 1a { l 0u0{nu:1.r- ! - ! ! a Aa a irrorluuR?]uafll|0.ru1 lu:'l.t (d) l0lsd{ulr9luYt0{ln1nufl?'lunnr luQn
.!nn 1?1{ (dt) 01Jft2U Freeboard (D 1o{:ltluu
etunr: (2) dorolddu:NrirlrJdnrduurluarnuai wood-stave Rumes
t^ 99'lddrun:utnrJremru dfl rfl 1 Freeboard roir: lirr:ruayrorolnr:xa'il:yynuyln
145
F = 0.15d + 0.20 t!flt
F = minimum freeboard I
xuoflitu
(s.3)
dlu0
flurufl:a f, t. a ! r, ad = flllu0fitJ'lnr0Enlo{u1 lu:1{l.ltot o{L110lul?lu0o1n1,
la:J:vmrur;nru'oatZ
5.2.5 fiantnucnnlf 00nlruuf l,lrul
y dnnr:drurorrulnrrasn?rurtunwo.lsNi1fi ndron'uruo{nao{dlli1,IaIta!olnltxa :cYtluou1 no
t. : r.idrrvds{lfl y{0fi oyl#iliurqdrurndanrorn nolrirrir uioro,r"! '-"nahjsru:r{ldlnudrlildurhudrrnlrlNrr.ralulfi::urrsr (rrn2[rqn:u) [r
2. nr:riruror6'n:rr51ro.ldtfilfialu:1{n{1# Kutter's formutaoe - :"
fl I OManning's formula t]A0t f.iA'lfi]tzut [ut t.tHroa]o9t1uu121,o.l:1{ (s)
il:srurott,too 6q t,soo llrlndrerrudrr?rlduy rrav rir Roughness coefficient(n)
- ie r.lJ0iltl{U 1!UUfl'1911{nufllUtufillo{ldqll Iirfl1:'l{ (e01nnt:]{ln1 Maruring'n)e e a - oy! ! , , - !3. :cnuYlo{n]u?t:0:rau lst u:]{u10y$t0.ifl{n?t:eauil1fl{qolo{ei1
I ^ a , I y , d i J ,, ,,u'rrr: uxtoll: 010{fid0.r alilu1 (ua2unn:u) fl:]{uuflontlu llj
, ' e - !- I a e e e4. y2{9lOlyou9l2:1{u1nuflao{fl.tu1!::ux19r (rtA'lllflntu) m1tn1u[{t'l
t 1{ (Inlet Transition) tlatm r{firu o o n n t nt rir (ourler Transition) rlolri rbiaou6 ur.t
rdturuacflruoon'lrJfiavr?ousrrlaunr: rdol#rirluardr:r.ruay'lraoon0rn:1.r\d
dca?n tYrafi.rrfl urirrrn.!r?1.rei{arnfiumrrirlral{fi rfi nvrr.urlr:r.rudrrirorrty; t , ve
t0 0vtu llaSlnnntS[ldu lrlu:l?uyl 1nm1{t,!1:'t{ t9l
146
5. nrtilolu lnlet Transition tta& Ourlet Transition dolrlolfiuhihirir
iro.rlrJu'.uirrirr::u!14 flionnorriuir (rdrrrcin:d) d:rrriuvron{ru}Jld leru
ilnsr'Transitions firdronouninraiunrf,nfiaiNduson'lilornrJrn:r{rlasilaru:1.t
nonufl 'r: d'r6uui,rs,tirrirfrdrudruldiru rydo.rfi r{ufinnonl{fi rlaru
Transitions {rlavtullttursioornilaro Transitions ogntlnr:rirfiuGulorrrurtr e A y ! , ! . . J a , , -r reo{nuna{[asmo{u'r1o{fl ao!d{u1l1:o 1o{atutDr:u1-tgl (r[a'l[nn:u) 1'I:yu!d
l.lu{gl2u
6. rtrnr:fl :rodo!n'lrrtriun{ (stabiliry) rto.rei'r:'l.r n:dfi slolnudue a . , I e
^9 I - -:!11.u'l{ sstJrlt{nu01noun:3Yt'lo'lu1'l. IUlulufiu ll.t:1{tnaou9rl ntuuuluun
r o{:'l{rilci relo ru rnyr od n yslru mru nlr Stiding ld lourtet}ir The Friction
coeffrcicnt of sliding to.rfirnounisrdu6uoyfi rid:vumr 0.35 6'!fu XrVXvy arury J ,o
nsflo{lUnl IUU0un'11 0.35 tt0vnltt:.::?UYl.l1{UOn?:tsog lu Middte-third floil
I'lul.r{7. nrrfl ril'rxfnto.rnri.rrirudr.r (wall loads) lunr:oonuuurfl u:rr
de"!r,nou ninrdiu!fl dn n360{:?uf lilrin Dead load 1o{r: 1{ tto&u-llrunnuounluuonc di.r I .'ol oiu 'o- e aeaq o! atun:uYtuulttag t rul n:0.lYt luunuountuuon t no ludnluuultgtu:1.1
drr:-unluuurro{fl ou n;oroirHrildrrur,iruruuu:.r Cantitever frr'l
o.s doriou (Inverted Siphons), i d , a -1" d r
nOlIOUtlJUt'lOllO (Closed Conduits)UU1 lfi Alfl UYIO llAglJll:{l8UnlU lUcr . 4 j i dt r < { dr., I
uanuusnluyronaufl:0dtHauu 0cruuvt0[]o'lrou?]r:oyatu[[o2n lo al 1{1rU1Y{O
.3"yt id u, I - i,drrithiluaaond.rilnrrr.rcixl rdu ouu yn{ro'lyl ynl:vuru 1rrrufi6 firiu
rrayo.lnl:gi1.rdl lrJ(6nrYruud.rq dt e d " i i . ny ad a y ulUn:oldil{ Siphon IYIOU1Ulaon ltu'lYl'l ln 2 2I noolo$ed:1{ tc[
,ttvloulunaorri.rilraood'rdrD::urrgr rioairllryr'louluiitrirr::ultcr-a0eRa0ir, i<n, da , a A, I . I
d{u1n lo ?tn1:nno0cd:1.t!1n:una{111{ltu{tl0{alu-l!::ualq to o.tnno{'.1{
dr arlrlfl ruarafl ar finrdu'lruru tlsrru#o rir rrdrarqduliloruarnfl A{6n{rrI i qv , lt oy. I a 4 orc I ^. oeltu{t tvto tflflao{d.lu1tfi0a00 toalulr::tJx'lgr?r:o tfiatu115:ux19r lr4na80 lo
flao{d{u'l flalltnn:ol
t47
os sors. H Il .szl'rp
II
t:la
o3l$lE
6tr0et-H VIS
0slore - 9 1:lGEr sr. o'vl
os rors r I tfttrott.l vIS
rt g016 . l l :lt9+6rt.3 'y15
lC 90tS:8 l.1.9 + 6 rl ! g VIS
ea6s=s
uJll L q
gE!a- 9_
'Ebb9E6i
ii
qIo.at0,
troc
!
aoo
xtocE
ql,.A
o
S=
r
Ffo
J
E
==Jlr.llr.L
El
,!l
q
,II
oor0lr. C VIS
uln,z
q
a
IzE 90te. vtl
t ,s
2
!
,rz t.'prt+6i1. V YIS
148
e qe ' ! u oe. J a. <t ,nl:d:1{ Siphons t}lflil0.l al.lu1 lMaAOO tgldlU l!: tu11fl0'lllJu0lO{llllc - y ,." j , - ! .l tr
r!o:enuyro{fl ao{fl {u10i1n?1:vouuluo{q{qnlo{a1u1rr:ux19r :!n1:?tu{ lract
tu n: unlu 1I::uT't9l ul.tulnn'l'l.t tllru lfiJ:u10lu1u1nn?1nao{d.tu10nljtynltf, , -- l. ,, , t
uu{ enurnflunou lunoud:r{l#dllirr::rurrsr''lraaonlglnao.rri$ir r{uusiiirrir
riu fi rurs,rf; nn'irnaorri.:ir fi rjiuronirrisuuaclilin:rn r,r:ru fi rt? luh? nio
fi .reir.r1 1r arurriuiunr',rn oo,r,irdovuirhJqnrirhirio6'ulri,i:"ydraa,!'rc,Ayed1 :unao{d'1ulYt txluul't1{tout:o9l?uuuu0u01[lJuog[0{Ylno{31:'l'l
" ! ar qrt , ! ^ ' ! y . !siphons A1U'l!::UX'l9l tfiAAO0 tqnAO{rf{U ltt9lOUl.l[91U2[YllUU OlA]U15::U119lU,^ J '3<o s e I a Itl:ulolululnlracnno{d{u1nun'l1ulutnttal n?:d:t{floteulull:o :c8:culu- ! , - ! e " . ! o ,' Ii .:-urir Gnt"s) rrrisiuriruirrurlunao{ri{iluA0fi{ drfrrr6o6{iltioulrtlra1:Jnr!
. ll,Siphons'ltU0UX?UAntUlqlo{ Siphons n{ t0Uln
n:ura :rvrluflit': ripho* 1{rnrurrilrluIo:{n'l:ra :uynuua?{
' -! a .', , I.. ",'" ! a . afi1.l1 Un{nun tfiflno{d.t 'l tl4aaon tslai'l1.llE:tuxlo txu Siphon d{Yq: (RAo{
- nv ,I o - ov. I -u ov , Iluulr4-oqf u'l a0n [nlruu]ailr{:) lrasxuq lflalu1rr:ux'l9t l aa0n lflnaotf,{ul
rriu siphon 14u0.:rrn (fla0.:l{uo{ttn aonlslnao{:vfifi'flrid'uflunaoraruluqito.r
In: l nr: sail: cYr ru x a ?{il1dnld)a , r. , ! A - l" ' I o ,,.. ,
911! nflocuu fl:1t tstlouttac:1'1u11110:uu 1 tu nao{flrru 1 tll lfi41,1ua .l ^ 'i y { - l
lJ50AOnA1U1!r:UXlfl Urnn?1Yl0vfl :1{O1fl 1:tYtO:UU101nnAO{!::Utrfl.lrtlraezr",I
111U :OAOnnAO{fl.tU1 !&n:gll'1910[u0
" I c <,a ! r'l. atul!::u!'t0tululntant]auu :u'lolu-lu0u
I I n -J2. lualul!::ux]gl lrun:?oYttluttnsd{efnlj:n lflau]n u1 ln
^ , la , a,<3. unl:na0{fl'tu1[uulduytl'tn'l:rnuIto
a 4 q95.3.1 nlrno11orlra0nlr
nr:1t0r:olraonlfl.lv{ouoss1o.rfi or:orr6'r:rnrrirrioairluavnrru
r ulsf,udrueil.rlrdouJiuurfiulornl:xfindu rdoh{qrudrru'uhJnruicrqrJ:ralriq, ! a - .nlrldf,v ruril0rriludla-onfi drfrq;to.:1"1v'lou lunr:rirrirriruqrJa::ncir.r1o'.rfi
'ldneirrur uci lnuil: nsr-drfl irrliurorrir'hjrfi u 100 au.{osioiu rfi (=z.s au.u
/iurfi l nr:lflrrlouovfi :rnrqnn'iravuru otir.r'l:fiqrunr:16onl#nr:fi rr:orr: , , u ,J,' Ad{o1{1flO tuUnlU frO
149
' - loy < .ie ' !l. fl?lutlonfl1{1o{:v9luu1 [rn1:tsrum tunno{d.lu1 (F.s.L.) nur&9llJ
u lu 0.r E{ qnfl ru f r : uxtst,, ,! - le i .."
2. n21Ut[fl nnl{10.1t&9luYto{na0{fl.:u1 nu:vn!yto{ullto{a1u1
!: t lt Y'lgl9ttrt
:. iliursrlirurnfi qotornao.rrilriurasroliirrirr::urtsr'
+. nrru'hiuiluouro{iliurolilluo{i,o{rirf urruxrn
5. n2ruilaoqriuro{d?01n1:
6. nlruflrn?nlun]:n'luquuayelrainul
7. :rnrilriodir{
r.s.z {oduac{ortiuro'r'ltv,lou
'lry{ourfluornr:dfi :rnrnn oonuuurraeriodir.riru rrasfr.ufl u3 i,.yo rr, , - u.arq , ! e ,ao1fll:A][AU{ ]yt l? t0 tO :lnfl0t tuu rufl ]nttnn[cIlylJ:t?tu!aluytoyt{ 2 r{1u6lu
i r, , ll uenl:oonlruufiQnsioflravrirnr:riodir.r Transitions llacornlrflo{fr{rnlrdnrflc'li
odrnrrrvau riroonuuu rioafi.runlrirl.:inurrfluilrf,udrflqdorfirl# 1r
' 4 i , ^{l{0utlju oln'l:r{tuulgduu1fl n?101n1truneiu
'1ryv{ourfl uornr:dsiolrfi u Headloss a.r ri'.rriuluur.rurilfi rsn'u! - . s o d e e ,, o,
rirfi nrrutirnty6rfl udol:-nur Heaa'l{ n?:n01ru1laon'l#actmursriluryaunir
nr:1#ornr:lryv{ou ororfl uo'uo:rucisf;ifl Iqurnurs:lin0liic,!y',dd[!uruau uluuu lfl:]iern'l x0{1-11111]'r 1nn 0 0!14{u'ruuaiun?lulj?flit fltn
rdnniod.rfi f;isrsrnnl'hJ ororfl u 6'usr:rudlrduiiold
s.s.g drurJ:vnouto,iorRrir'lar,lou (structure components)
ua1. n2no @ip)
4 r { o I dq, ,9l?Yt0luYtu?tu1uo{YtoUorla&ufl2luounlu lu ytoyt l.r0y9lo.:l'tult:.lfilJ
dld,,urll9.il viodldsrorflurioncisdrrio n.d.o.(pcp) vio'lur'u(ec) yionrf,n
niovio n.a.a.rrioluiifi16' fitirriqlirror:eusioocsto{fiurruu1'r:o{xiofin1:d i.ru,o Y- .i< try " a olyr
txouYl9l [u [Hlnnn]:t?cr! ta dl :u Head lu[flu 45 tugt: uuu ltmo n.rt.a. ao
d'tt:0:i !d4 i*,v - j yd{Ytfil::e1{nno r5['l0l5ouslo x:[20rd'tull lfl{ [ta31:[?on4fl :'l.t
150
i , | ,r,ornr:6uil:uno!vio vio'[.I1^lounr:fl {6nrrnn-lqugn fllrurHUrcrtuua&liln]:
v ce | < i ..- Jana rflofi tltltuu :cucn?luanYltfl ulvdutJ9t{ufl0r r. , j-
' e I a t Il.) yr0 lxr{0uYlgrfiFltuouu rlaEml{to lfl n1:0vnnu?to{noanoul{llou
: r{n tirrfluouuluv{riu(r".- Roady nr:6n'hjrloun'i1 2 r{or InurJnctu-uuounruo,c,araqiu.-irdJ
lrulHa{mo rHfl{llruruufiulu'lillravfialnil:v111Br t sio to tun:ilYrouuufl! v e Y 'i , v e
:s!rurirriru {r.r rcd'uua{vion?:o{rirnir:vourio{Qruuru'lriflounir z r{o, r, , i- ' , I ';2.) Ylo l.[y{0umfl nfl lu:o.r:y]J1uu'l5r:u1'l9r ru9lufl a{ 0n2to!,o1n?-l
:sriurio.rioc:suruhirioun'ir r v'lsr niournn'ilurn0rfi n15ru'ruluourno
g.) vio'lryr,lounoflritunaorririlt6u(Earttr Canal) :sdutfrlvionr:o{I ' v 9 r. rr, , ' ! a!4'ln2t:e9lu{0.ln0o.r [u oun?1 2 4fl 01fl40{rd{ ][llufla0{a1n (Lined canal)
a e . ,i a t Ifl'r1uan0lnRu na0{ln'lan{r a{monl: an 6 u?t1Ju0u1{u0u
2, Transitions
Trarsitions n'oornr:fi alrldud:lrnmr.rrrlruasilrnnrloontiunir Iot"t
transition tlns outlet transition rdorieuaq Hcadloss uavtlo{du n]: tinltlclnuJ , .a, d I" ' i[ 11-lv luflaO{lOu tU0{nln Transition nCr?UYl1 ]rlfl?llJ[5?1O{U1 [UnAo.itl{U lttaU
luviouirrorrirl:ouciorioulnJfiuu'hJ rransitions ororirrlrunoun':'sr 6un6ori.r, u du,
do{ou't{:lunun to
lqyloucislildf rfluslora{r{ concrete Inlet Transition tlio Concrcte
)'.i*,;'
oo2u1lt
Inlet Control Structure U]{!ufl !ta! Concrete Outlet Transition n0
r.)'lryv,l o u fi 6sr riuyt'r{: o'h',1 (Railroads) uav 0u il yr 1{ a ?{rtr.i u 6il
(State Highway)
z.)'l.!y,louaooouurra!fi rurnrdudrqutieiluei l vlordutJ
:.1 lqv{oudairrlunaor6uuasinerurErrurrirluriournn'ir r.s r!n
(-l.oo ruel:gioiulfi)
grJuluto.r Transitions (Tlpes of Transition)fi oqiu arulu'ndlhilsirirur
nrireluiid
3. Pipe CoIIars
pipe collars 6orJaonnounin:ourio r.lnn^lrjlrifi{,ixfl udrfi iu'lqrlou
rusio rrclor nr: efirdu rdoio oil: sa.rriolu niu
l.) ann?ruli?r,o.rrirdlnnrorr}Jsuudr':yisrfl u nr:fl olriu nrrfinnrC - s dr . q 9a s n9tunnu (piping) 0urilu fl .llfl 0]1i1 trirnnn]rn{ils alu'lri
z.; r1o.r fiu nrlora1'hJorrluuryio
uonnrnri2uil:vnouro{yio'lsy{oufi nrirrurudrfrrorofi ornr:olufi
airqdu rdo h{l.ryl ou ri r.rru arur;: siiiod,,ri, Blowoff structures, wastewaysdt eJ
uA& Safety features ttluglU
i.g.4 n1rfi orronoonuuudruraqrafl {t. ttutoiolryvlou
ntrriturottutn .ipt o* duoqidu Available Head (n?rurtonsir{xo{
- ! y . J y ! < lo , ircoudr6rurxllo{runetfludl)rlaunrluriiro{rirluyiofiuould lurnrr:Jq'rieilu. , I oy
n1tnlu 2sll.rlt u lnylorylo [fi iliuluil r1fl adru lil1dfiu tgdtr4unntrurrfl neir.r
- ly a e e,tro!ilrdluuru=ouasrirulilu siphons (H) rtluriou'iroyuouh?unncirlfiuldtdrlr94 A ' e r
uA20ndUUslt ulnTotYtoflln?]UU1'lll0{yl0 (L) filUttu?tdilqUUnAl{tlAc hydraulic
mean depth to'ryio (m) olnrfr6o,i',rr*o's,:rrirto.rrirfi lnaluviorrnqn:
t5l
LH = (l+ft+f2. -) v2nEm
Jtu0 H
, - lt a e , I c= n?1Ullfl nfl 1'11,0{rgnlJUl9llUllluOllatnlUYllUYlOlllUlUn,
f1 = coefFrcient of friction at entrance
= 0.080 for bell-mouth entrance
= 0.505 for cylindrical entrance
f2 = coefficient of inner surface friction
.b- a(l+-)' m x 3. 28'a uav u firirsir.r cl oludnuusl,o.lidqdl#li'ldo 6.rd
A
0.00497
0.00996
0.00316
0.00507
b
0.084
0.084
0.100
0.820
Yt0t ant:u1II da ad
Ytotflan f,uuou-r 4 Uttu zrylon0u n:fll:uu1l: o tu tdt:uu
lr,Itofl unolruuo{nouay lunStalu!t:unt
152
L = fl'lllJUt't{0.tYioiaflliltlu'rr
m = hydraulic mean depth
e/P rfluirLsr:i a ,- , iJr.A = u-l-ofrIrjsrhrrl{lo{yiofidrlfladru rfluflr:r'ttusr:
P = wetted perimeter rflutrugr:
v = dn:rrirro'rrirdlraluvio rflurrsrr/iurfi
c = 9.81 nrsr:/iurfi/iurfiA u r,- a 3o ' ,d ,- l, , !, f, ,
luo tfi0gl:1t:?lJ0'tul lut10ttn?n0yYt:lu11:u101ulfi1u11011{ltu9l9I{tytl
- .C i ,- , iu t e e d !" t , ,- Iin ruo1.r:11919r1't-l{10nnomtuafllun oluosrtl[:110.tu1tu1'r0 0l tulsru1m
A'.rrr*lritolri,rirfi'uilirurorirfido*,rrioui',rriu ocalo{rilduudrro.r H flio,i ,al ,
rilfiuuturnvio viouJ6uuvil H Irauuu]qyiorravriruror'lrrioun'irov'kirliuronir
rvirfiu
2. naruti ?il ori "flui o (V eloc ity )
Inuri'r'hlnrrurirnu,rillrriu1"r'lounr:oqi: vn'lr{ 3.s - ro v{oreio
iurfi ( t.o - 3.0 urnreioiurfil #lffiofjrfu Avaitable head nrrutirsio}ldoro
1#rfl u v"to.iry crireria dtuiunttriruiolr4ltu'lnriolqvlould 6o.rrrra . !
l. n2lul:? l rnu 1.0 rugrt/'tu'lv't dllt:uYto lcrv{ouduuas Earth
AvTransition lt1l'l.ltU111aCm1'lOOn
d u,- ' !2. n111l[i? lU[nU 1.5 DJ0tt/?ulyl illl.t5uylo lryv'loudulrasu Inlet
Concrete Transitions l4to Control Struchrre ilrnmr.:r{rrravi outlet Concrete
Transitiond U ra r r U I a
3. nltur:1 turnu 3.0 lugl:nulyr dt?t:ull0 [fl]'lounou{t.lu]1lraru
lnlet Concrete Transitions flio Control structure rlnrrlt{rrracfi outlet Concrete
Trarsitiond ln ' a , r. ,
n1lUt:?1'0'lu 1 [u yl0]t:ol,u10llo lcrY{oL, un?1u dlnqu'lnqotlnlnlnoe tl , d ct e o..re : j du,fl:'lt lfl:1vn'l:r1lau lu lfill0rY{u{[anu ouo't0ytlYt I t?tt lnltflul,ulJ]nn t9l
Headloss finr:ri rrrfior:orrlu nr: oonuuuyio fi6oi- 'A
yl. Loss firnntrnnr:I duuxuloto{urildoro{nao{uaeyiofiillnyn.!
111 (lnlet transition)
du4utinar.r rflurusr:
i- j jz. Loss fi rfrniuru-o.rorfl trd'ndt (Check structure)rioornr:nruqu
J . aia v uvi t e)U1(Control strucrure) tUn:UYlUdS'''l.l tiYllllnUl{tt1
i ^ i<y3. Friction loss mlno!]nH2tlay d?UYl ln{{o IUYIO
i- rA y+. Loss fi rfrnornnr:lilAuurulnto{rursroroilnao{uaslroriillnnl{
oon (Outlet Transition)! ;" "",J - A a j, a
Headloss Yl{fiUnmfllu?Ol tnm{ Un UnlElHOll: OtYlUgn tO 7o tflUrir Factor
of Safety
o, a tr oe,A I ^ - ingl?Oul.l [1414ltu'l9l siphon floUn:flcr{0& lri :U1OIU1 9.048 U-'./2UlYl 1?lClr.llU
hlld'Iquuoulf'fi H = 0.20 ruelr rirflunl#n2luul?xolyio = ro.fi) runr
c = 9.81 tlel:/iil1fi/iu1fi fl = 0.s0s a = 0.00316 rta& b = 0.100
iirirac a/q e/, a A A
tluugl [11 ]Amonountflfilllauu I lt01 1UlA 2.00 x 3.00 luglt
A = 2.00 x 3.00 = 6.00 U2.
P = 2(2.00 + 3.00) = 10.00 ll.lel:
m = 6.00i10.00 = 0.60 [Ust:
f1 = o'505
= 0.00316(l +0.100/0.60 x 3.28)
= 0.00332
2gH
l+f, +f, Lm
153
2x9.81x0.20
l*0.505+o'00332'400.60
= 1.508 runr/'r-urfi
a = 6.00X 1.508
__ 9.043 ,rq137iurfi
n'luuTonounrodlfiauu l rro1lrulft 2.00 x 3.00 tugt:
n.:uu
i -J oqryfl]umfluuouu t! tn
154
b.g.E n1rfi orrotrnerrtrtunwos'l.uilou..:
n1:11 01:U1n?lUUUfl .l1O.l siphons
^ A trt . 41U9l0U0ulJt{natlfr0
r. ur.lfinrrrilsiodrvio lsipnon Barrel) orrilduutlldcir{ 1 erlunnryrJc rr. , iu y ,rl tirflll'l:U n1:fi'lU?BlOOnttUU (Conditions For Design) ttt{tfiAlU lnttn
! - Jr-- u1 u nll0{u1YtYtlJfia{mo
- u]uun1,0.t0t?Yl0,rt
- rirflrinto{drluYio
u u r{ n nut 0 { 0 lnltsa1l : cYllu
- t]r.rn'ufliour{:crfi nro{ilrnruluvio (Bursthg)
- - i . t v t ,, ,t J.- tt:.tou10{9ruYtn:vl't19lo9l?Yto9llutlilYtil tu dnlllFlutljunuainu
llH{A"t-,v
- Reaction Tn:Ufl19100'lm0alu Alta I t,e
Itt{9t1{ 6l llt01u0&9to.1 tn:un1:vl0'ltor10u1{nYrouotr d. ' J u, i . Y a a
2. ltJo siphons tllUll0m11{41flA{ [ o'lU 0lOOA{1o{6]u]!tlUalflllto' 3 9 | f, a .q.yl ,t
1o{fla0{31{u1 (ua1ltfln5u) 9t1Ytool0n3raou :ovllo tn 0{9r0.lY{01t0lloul.l
a&touo [u n1:oonltuulxu tou?nulqv d urrr s
3. 0rnflfl :fr 1f,fl 1tu1o siphors ovrfi ulei'irfrnuorcro{rJrnyi0![aidrrrn'r
nrirviofi6vrtilariun',rlruruori',rurn 6.rnr:lriiunr:firr:urrfluyr'raurdolt?rirL , r I L9,t atllnodgoln scanflulomoa':]n ln
5.4 o1a1:1:1nn (Drops)
rirs,nd o ornr:fi aixdurd ori rririrnfi {{a{dfi$irlrrohjb?rnn
nltnollr13 0lu nnalnfl 1u1 tunaonx:oa19glluu'111,o.:n
alnfl:{rfluldurAur'lilqaoo oloeio{finrtao:sduil"rrrav:vsr-ufornooralrfluuill-A14cl oulu o'tu111nd1n49l 2 rj:snltno
i-l. a]q10{l'tuflugl'lu[]u2nao{rurnu I
'leincirrurrrdtir arsrfirrirutoarsrfl 1rtu1?ro{nao{fi rnrfi on1fr1unr:
155
, !! i - , r u do0 nrruuna 0{cl{u'ru u0gnu a tn10{Tl uou 9l turru ?n a 0 {u:u nlrHu {[rac 0 slr-lrrz
lJ , A < iro{n:sudul,[rrrv runqnloluerlnoo{on:l:3n1:}rur tnuyrhlilrrlrinryl#nrnsrru
- i ,, l^ -u'1210{nao{tuutoulnuntol0{11unufl lul]u?noo{t]n01a1n10{Y{unuxuu'lntlaevq, - I ^ y e d in
t:1u{ txatnflluul?10{fla0{ou1{[nu?nua]n10{ytunulta? on:'[:?to.tu1 lun60ila L r d ll9 A 19
0ufl{tnu lrl0u nqnao{fl {ytolutduulu [n 0{n2tf.ialnfr1 ul?t o{flao.r:1un?laln
10{l{u9lut, , i n - lon
n1: [!alnqtuu'l?10{naot:lun?1a1nto.nIunu0yyt1 tlltcn!u1 lTnltd jq , - ! - J 4 d r)
tglUmlUnA0{ (Full Supply Level) Cl.lfllllUOUfluOUUlnxUylnfl [lAe:UnUnotl
nao{ (Bed t"vet) riu:co'udu6u oclndriuurndu4nfi oulufi qerovdrlorurrrarer4tqa
:veluyr o{fl ao{0srru:saurgiu?frufi u6ucioornfi hJdrr:rhian:vniuriruav:s6'u,) s ! a , y ! - J d- d
110.:nA0{a{ fl 'lnA0{Yl.tfi Unn0coq(.:rluUuaUry{ anU ttljuna0{AoU (Floating
canarl Inudoroldn6ul#uilurfl ulilnaorumunr:rlnnao.i drv:-unaost:runrin 'a r< ! - j y a, in [UUl aonnoo{ (Unlined Canals) uU n?:Ianlau{n1: di'l{nAo{Aou ll'lulnmq9l
,lt,d Gr A r I aa, e 9 ,rArfl r1!ncuuo:tqnufl :onoun{lnur{0lo{0orsouu'llra!:rnuYlo{fl ao{ra{ lra?0{
tqnaoreio'lillur;rAaatC
2. :unufl ufiu9l'lu u'lna0{an9l'ln{u1n0u'lir:?firr2- i - , ; . d .tyrt
tvoullununtulru'lna0tu'l{I?ir010non1a{u1n0u't{:?n1r? 1l'l 11.r910t
- ! e y q I J d qe, u eao: gn uu ]t[ay:!o uyt onfl a0{a{ [u!?{u uty{ 0tl5 un ?nao{ tlt t,! 1n!a nu !n u,ttYlfl fitIm cr {u n1: an,cn u'l1lag:cn um o{nn0{a{60itu o'tR1:n{u'l
9 rra A - ! v a(Conveyance Structures) ilt1.l l2 IUnAO{tYl0n?XnUt;nUUlOlUl}lUOOlnlt
,t u ! e e uro, !- " !;, JItnilJo.:nufl1fln0{otuytlu0lfll: lu t Qnu tnnnlaluttlultlu olnltdllu lytal:1{l1u
1untoluu 2 !u9t n0 imn TDropsl u1slNm (Chutes)t)rqnuay:.xrmrin0vdir{lunao{sou uavfl r:tutnflirlunaolarulrqj
vilu'tn:rvnaolaru}.rnifiarnnruurr'hJmr.r16urfiuuu?ur;dr uu?naord1ulfliJ'1d
dorarclilfl rurdu "on *" aloro{fi'u6uolrllu?nao{drul qjarirrauo6uav'hi{v 4 ,i :r u,. d , o ! - y I0ttu14:ot auutvfiuulnun 0't lui'ltrluoo{ao:rnu luac:!n!rio{Rao{0{0ul{
'lrfisrrr.ldrrrurn6o.rdlulilqido{drurL?no,ddu6u arofurrnntofi:cduancira.rI d r. fd A qe',
^ Ju1noul.r:1f][:2rIas tulJytl{yt0&lraulru?nao{ lfi uu:['l0luu'lillftlrdr fiocdo{ao
- ! e, < , I a i.:vo!tiluayrsaurio.rnao{a{ lnuairujrgrnuio: lumiulunao{drulilq;
156
fs(
I.GLIsL
ESr
N.0l E IlL
F.S,L
N.G,L
ES.L. -N,G,L .
B,L.
Fu! Surpl, L!v.lNolrlol Grosnd L.v.lB.d L.v€l
]J}I 9 fiirn rfiuornr:dry iunn: yfiufii'lunoa.r6I
wing woll- -
,top Plonk G;1 fa- Loto.ol
III
-wing woll
A
P lon
Top ot Eonk
sido wdlrDp of Bonk
I rooll wol
- Proteclion
section A - A
E S.LB,L
Ps,i i ng
Eist!-
:14 5. 10 Vertical Drop
FD'",
J
Js*:-Jw)l ----otrfr
157
4 e. !,lrifroun'ud2unoo{uou flao{uunluou !rasedreir{f,unao.rdrulnqjf irnao.:rrcir:- 'q
j- - a , ' jA
u!rlu'lfla0t0u luyru{nuft0u0l-rurru?dudrrxo.lluunu}t:0{uouyluu00nutn0tn
!lUalqtI1ut0!'tntlu?nno{fllU'lflni uurnaortudrfiocfrnt'lr{rdu "onto*.
yilult,! 3- t q - i -'ir.rlrlu2rluu'l 0lnx0{ ununlulru2nnornoull{!urtnIUn0sfl-luu:t'l0lylrsnuTtu
- I r d ur. a, I !6u andra.rurnodrrrrnrirkirioul 6ldolair.rritnnun&r1{rnliutn'lunao{ryou
)n a o{ltu nGro ul lagnu l
nri rrInufr r 1:Jri ro nua&: 1{rfl fi Jrv Iumiodrudurf,u d.rnri rrrTr.rdu
ruas:Jrrrruud.riiahuuvndrund{riuetru ucifi uorsuunoonornfiuldds rirrfl uA e i J - ! -, u, { d
0'lnltm d:1{uu lu 0 antyn uu lttag: vnum o.:fl ao{a{ tu lno'lutnJ2fl{lt4: ofllua]n, , e o , ! - ! r, d A y i A - !
noul'rilru lul?{elu cl 0 :un?1 "utnn" lrmoI uolnl:Ylrl5]{t,ur oan:cnuu1o ,' lx" , ,c .qea J -ouas: voult 0{Ra0{ a{ulnntu alqm lun0u!ulrflnfl0!yyn lrirnnn:slrdu'tlr:'109r [u
r lr,t?'1u11 tnnSt:un1l ":1.:tll"
a .9 :5.4.1 tuonr{1[aynlrlaon [i01n1rur9m
! a , ltr linu1fl nl]luolnl:d.tu1${r}.tutcn!u:ut0tu'lyt trndru'lilUrnrin odrll:
.r , j y - ! ! ' I ' uv d ' a ..nfl1utTlntnufl:1{ nuuuu lnnut{[lfi{d1ut:0rguluu lr.tlu ]nu1n0{t 30 ur./?ulvt
I - ! - t .un!. :ruo{t01nnt: not!9luu'Ir0!t!nuYlo'tfto0{atn'l lnyl{ ]uIu?n{lla301u,) ad
nlnrou{x1.ldu c'l u]flnuoq 4 1un flo l) u]f,n'|"J 2) tlmntow 3) nnnuluuu
wuronuunlnount n 4. ulnnuuuno
l. irerndt -(ven;cal Drops)
a' ! dt 4 ae,dluuoln1ru1fl nruuolnl:1u1nrf, n 1#rfl uornrran:s6utunno{ri{dr
u r- Jn '-hirnu t.oo rusr:.uavfiil;uronir'lrirfiu 2 au.rilfl:/iurfi lunao.r6u drn:-uluqe , ued a r, ! - !-nao{n'laltaq:vnutno{ 2.5 lugrt lurt!unouuuual51{rilnnluounuuln lu
,vuunrrd{ri'rxo.rIn:{nrrrarl:cyllu llsieioul}lfinr:r{orurnr:oonuu!uac iurJq.r1#6du lufl olriudrrinoyl#rirrrn16uw'ngrJfi ru6uurprnrn (Rectangular" : - c , iuinclined drops) ll:OTUn U:o'lUltYlltflOu n: fllyYly 'l l a (Baffled apron drops)
3 A , rd i :<-ny u ldltylurirflnn{ odrll:fiflrufrfln6{ildll{.:ru'lffiuavr urrdr iunao{crouuacnI a i J- y \e, d eu'l1ulnr0nu1 yl{u.rfl:1{ [9linultas:tnlQn0nq'lu
I r , 9 urr- r a e a ct a .iu ]flna{ 01sfl:1{t0r2u lu fluflo noun:nalu H:onoun:flrd:Lrl an ugr
158
ljvr 5.1'l Vertical Masonsy Drop:
I t ','
11J14 5-12 Vertical Drops in Series
(t?
159
q - i- y e d ! ! r J r , .t .luduuuun0caltl{n?uflo1rn:ntd:tJt anmluu t9luYnl1l0vd51. 1lun'llrn{ru
ta),nao.rri.rrirt?unurr?ruacrflndo{fl:{nar'r1{1#litlrarirunnnl{fiuniotitiurir,, t o .{ ! la u ur i 'ylruxor rurlu ?a{ 0lnuuulrrr!i [ua ! el1ufl ao{[uo{a]{qolil :iolfi rfl nlfl d',rir
f. I a a i cr.9 , I r- !luafl1unEUl0{unu2fi:o aluIo{nto ualItgr1l:ultuu][taEnl:oonuuu Itnyfl1u
iln6osrfln1flri'irlnariruflaonrrarlnu'hjfiururJ:sonSod.rflnriuir rrsiulfififiu, - 3 uy A - ! A I o nri', elf nrvnruo'qdr 1{rxdulo'nrir niouru:J:v4nnlifi riolrhuruu'ouriu tlrrfl uuuu: ! . yl+fr ornr:rironoclilurirfr liluornl:dnrjrlunao.r (check structure.l hkirulu6'r
- I !,[:'l[tUnU'lqntlUlJU?'l Chcck Drops
l. - I a 43l?U :CnOUmdlft8rUlflnO{ ftO
d a "'o - i, ! ,,l. [1UYl9l11:0nluvl{dnq (Sheet piles or Cut-off walls) ll nlufluolut.
r?tu ou1[rnsyl'luu'l
2.yrt'rt{luacm1{0ofl (Inlet and Outlet sections;drr.riuriron6lrurntdnt ..r , 1rr,
ng t!tJl't't{[11rtagm1{00nn lq1,, .! ,, !
3.11u 6'lu lll uou 1t layYllu l (Upstream and Downsheam Floors)
+. druvr.rfln (Inlct and outlet wing walls)
s. druu{do.:f rfln (Breast wall).e'I
6. n'lltytil'iJ1{10.11.11fl n (Side Walls)
z. dtiurir (stilring Pool), . ,i , a I , ' i ,' ,, ! u I y a- i -n ou 0 {Il uo ]ulltu 0u lllayo onlnualu]t ufi ]ult luu 10 0n ltl0!oo.tullul't.:1.tu
riu.rniofiu 6ururuurrlo.:fiuilriu*6o,,urriu{flao'r (protection) li:sucfld{ehu,t,
FIc. rrdo{Iililrsrn6rturnrfiniirr:-urJiuronir'lmariru'hirfiu 0.500 u3./iu1fi
Z. i:trilntdw (Rectangular hclhed Drcps)
, a ^ - ! A ,, ! - -etre a ' I ja yo1rlj:UUrmUUnUUlfl nn{[]A? U10n[OU{U,nO Inr:l:UUn?lU1fl nn{nOfl lU
m tu nr: radou (sliding) u av nr: lx nf ur o ldrldvriu orn r: 1ffi n'ir Inurnr,rrc drnn
:vdurira'urnnir t.oo rusr: Inurl:no'rirqnr6ulosldan:vfiilurirr l.o0 -s.00
lu9t:! - - J .i, a liu I . ,, - Ju]flnlou{fl1rn utonn{ fl0ulyl[uaHluyo{u1qn0e tr4aa{(o't.l:uu1
d r rr A d ; , ,- ll!0{41{ lunIUY{U loU{flU 1 llOlJ 0loflOu1l]Tuc[.tgllu nfl03!Un21 l:3
160
Ellalit|r. ,. .a
! i.-.i,
1M 5. 14 R€ctangulrr incti[cd drop \vilh cortrolnolch illlct.
rill1 !. 1 3 Rectangutar inclincd drop undcrconsrruction. P 222- I I 7 -16 102
A A
t.
TcP c, m.ml l.lxcl t nl i
Plon
Pror.cllor.. alr.cr
ItoElllcn lo nsl,lolI rrrrror rrcroa -{: o. rlla.cl.a i
0.60 lrl. hln
S.cllon A- A
O6Om. mln. ?rol-llcn o. dlr.cl.d
c.
t:2 !
I
rlt:2
i-t
fl
I
1lJvl 5.15 Trapezoidal. inclined Drop cfined
7.,.r
":2-
'.1,-!',,.' .l,i.,
51I
I
,I
--t'
161
r: ro r 0 ergl{ironr6us'1fl unao.:riorirld4nrJrunrhi'irovrfl unnoraru4 v ., u,
tl.liu nao{d111 naoilryoufl:0nao{rrunryou rlovclrur:0an:&olJula{ lnvlntuau
oudqrrrrl* 8.00 ruflr uiorurnn'ir irirsrnr6uluri'rur*rru. AII American Canal,
) -! -u.s.A. cr{anrrauula{0{ 15.00 rugr:
I ' '{ ' ' - to.r:rjdnflrullll{roiru1flnr0u{u!0r:unflt{ cl nu txurrunfltuanuol!)9
i o lri m n (Drop Charmels) t o.rriu }lrrirj ro nr6u'rpJ f, ru6urt{unrn @ectangular
Inclined Drops) rravrirernr6tlllilfitr6uunurry (Trapezoidal Inclined Drops) Hio, a,i r e ^ e t trye i o ! y a o d , e u trdotLtd{n0d:'l.t1Ilflud:1.t:J:uno! t?n!u 1nnl0u{uuq?un0ut:un10n1{d'l nu to0n
l1o'luotil{l tdu Notched Drops, Controlled-section Drops, Gatc-controlled Drops
a e A * .l i io ' - - tItov check drops llunu ${ lnuulnt uulglnvluulu lJ:vnU{nUUl
4. e . za 4tl2ull:vnouYttllfltuulnntou.l fl o
l. ml{[{l Gntet frun itions)
"lad.lqurJnnnltt,[luatytl{o0nr0ilUlnn]0uit!v0on UUulu transitions
^ J,A -uuuvtlflul1lofliorroufllnao{riu9l'20]nlrdton Inlet Transition o10tflu dlulr{
t::uorfiriou.ldorunur{lrdol#flrluflo{lirrioululduulrJ usi outlet transition, - ir,- e e ! !
i1nd1{iuil11ild.rRno{dluriluuruufl2roonuuuour{7ouflolJ Inurnflrrodrc0.!. - ! ,tr - !d'll1:uu 10ntou{ttu ]n t n q{nn:Enuu't0{lJ1n
2. otnltYtt{l{; Gnlet Structure)y o', u lr", , . a, , - - !
fl 0loonltuU lfinluqunlt t?lot,oilu1 tn tIUIlllljulo{Uilfllu-l (Notch
cont.ol; '1{naru 1 do{ birirluadrurio.rurrirdol'hJflruniu16u.uu.r:'orlironA . rau y - ! | a r rry I rr1l:ool0o0nrr!ut?rutun:vo'lu0nu1 ulu:l:uQll'olllutifr?u [noLotnu
Drawdown emect hihirirfinsr iln n o.rrttu ru fi ori rrfi uy ru o ln1:m t{tr7lrlr e no ily i , 4. ^ i " !n?u u n]l] {dnn flououron1ult{:ufla{ nlrlll{ln traslo{utnn
,a. iolrirnn (Drop Channel), : a, I ,J i .a J J:o{ulnnruu'r'ru1Iudlfi auurlualn :oel]fl aurinl{u{
. e ,, l - ! a- t e !nltlllilt|l.l (Side Walls) 2 tl'lil [tACUUtOU{ldU1 qU{UA'lnnOUll{1U
jq yi -; -:m tatu:30uYlan n{u
rl:snsudru!^
41n10{uutou{
o r. . ta r ad'lo l:1.5 l'fdlu: nltAotiglllula{ tUlnu 1.50 lUsl:
A'ln l:2.5 0.1 l:3qe. - : ,l - I11rr1 :UUlflntoU(l1U]n ]flqg{An:vOUUlA{U1n
t62
: ^ ,, - ! i - , 4 !qlu n0toilulglnuIu?fl:.t tl d1u: o.t dilcol{: uu't wut0u{r 10{to{1r]uytu
fl :iutgioioonuuu:Joruncuh{lfl uIdlvlr.16r (verricat cu*e) a'rdd1{iuirfi ld+. dr.riurir (stitling Pool)
,ild lru,ru.rr',Inurr:.rsrudu16ooi o,ri',rnoruotidrriuirdalr{1i, i d - Ii- a u,2. , '" !9ltil nlu ut 0 da'luyt0{{'Iu10{u'lytuulntnulrltdunou n1lul:?10{ut0canait
rm 6orvirriudn:r,i.ruori',lrouurdrurilurirc,n oy:irufl olriu'hi'lrlrirfinnaor uavi ' u y i q y, S - ' J o y - y , - !
o'lnlrulqnoulitiuurir to rvro tfl fluqnrHao{nal1u n{fl 0{nn:ununu0'r{ruuta{
',el"9l1UYt1Ul-l',lfln teAfluln oYtocvnhitfin uyara,ru" lo.p dulu
o1.: t9r
, - io ,- d 'j i !o'l{: uu'luIlJfl nfl ]u1?1{[lJuIlJflruauufi'lrrryo'tuanuurlo{t o{u ]fl n
ro{riu ilrcnoud'lududr (Floor) rrasrirryw{rr lsiae walls) 2 rir.r dr.riurirdo.rd J ,t lurt - ! u e/qllll.lUt.l Om0gqlulllull:{ntiultnU0.tu l l9l n?tUIteUlUUl Weep Holes) ll tU
, d -A ! ",,! ,: J .o'l.ltlloAAlt: {9tUtU10{U'l [01flU (Uplift Pressure) I:JUlUtxalul0lUmcq u :o
rirunlrhqdturludrl fim:ruuavflr?n (Sand and Gravel loctets; rfuilrnli'ruld
duuioslruu6'lrirru,r.rdr.:rfl urndo{n5or (Firter) l{dru rrasnr:fi nr::lo.rrYuirf,o
nao{rioud{ lnlet Transition llnv sio!]n Outlet Transition oonhlsirur?ud.r n^u6o.rA - d uru I . .r - ! j
l.l: 0l'lul:u.tu'lltu? [?dnTvuuHu'uxu lnu?nuulfl nnitI - d d ' i i- e - o
u lfln[0u{fl0un:0[al: ul dnt uo1n]td.:1-lltl uudt1{nuu1n tu4 r i - rf, J ,d J e odlJ0uIu uon0lnu'lqnrou.lIlJ?ln4auuqunlnuael dr auunl{?r{n{na1?rla? u.ru
fl1n'l'ltsoxul luflaoir
a < .a .i L9. r r.r, aul0ntout0n 2 rruu?ldun?:0y loululnnl? taoluno.-
3. uTnfrn :lttUUnO (Pipe Drops), ! Jura ,erlut:tUn'ljo{ rqnnrl:lfl u :'o'ufl n iopen Charmels) usi jo{dr
,,qntouiuluuul ,t! -
9t11U9lUI ta,
motflalu0cfiao t?.i , d I'ilu vi on ou n':-q notraiunr 6 ndril.r o qil
riou rfl u viou ol (Precast concrcte Pipel tuao t v airl ri',, n6ori',1rjr'tosi o riu d.i Rc.!^urflnrou.flllrljliofi ht"t Transition trcioroorfiiliohifi Outlet
cq, .i - - - ' - - ! a ur J - : r aTrarsition n 191 T Inlet Transition ogUSo{U{n u111t0 luluauuoa loul{ lnoul{
ilutr.rsr-n1ililaoflo{6u Drawdown fi:Jrnvnluirlrilrtr:'rtir''srarnao.r lqudllilu'uuld
rirsrnr6uurluyiodrn:-uan:s6'uilrar'lrir6u t s rin 1rJ:ruror s.oo ruer:.)
r63
( \:i:'':'i
?i-).r
t.
?lJVt 5.te concrete pipe Drops in Series
OrlslEl GNnd St.lc.
PrE.t c.ns.r. Ptp.
L_?.@ r Mrr
Wllhoul Outl.l Tronsltlon
T.wlS O.lelndl 6rand Su.toc.aL.
B,L
[--2 Oo ln. Ml,r. ---l
Wllh Oullal Tronslilon
Pr.co.r Cc.rr.r. PIF
-,.-
ill,rt 5-17 Pipe Drop
:r
i; :*tr'+
e#iI
t,i'{i
7':.
-,)i _.ti',:,.
t;
.f,
-,j'.
i./:i'
r,
',.t
\t
164
lurir'ru:nuollirfln sr'ryiooyrrl'hlcrrruarnriou{rl{u,nr',rorri,e d !A" , J- dt a' aaOn:l[:21,0{U111 1l4ofl]UYl0 [UX2{t[:nU!{[UU supercritical velocity 0{60{U2!
darund{{rurold rdrurnrfi u hluar andfl : rli xrouira'r1#norrrrcrfldofl o{fiudr! o r,r, , !A' ry u 4
olnt:u ]fln [u9tlumtu n]: nnmlaluoulitlutttill0itu lmUlnYll{oon t0 0grtltr?{il3ln d , - J
qnro.rlillfioluarfiuvionr:rvirriu r.s rlcrliurfi ( r ruer:./iu1fi)drilir.nirnnr6u'rr iu,a a sd
ruuxyiofi'lrifi outler Transition uac 5.0 r{orliurfi ( 1.0 rugr:/iurfi) tlrfi outtet
Transition
ntidalufld{{1uto.ni'lfiurntfiul ttn Supercritical Vclocity dovrir
lddrri oInunr:nnfirviolurirqlndov6'rrlaroviohidrn'ir:v6'uirlunao.rdrur{ru
drsrnlrflrfiq Hydraulic l r.p dunruluviorioufi riroslilaoondnaB{flio outlet
Transition
l. ilanfltnuuufiuio$uill;louoi n(Baffled Apron Drops)
d, Y a ,j i J ! , ! ^ ,rljuu lfl nrou'rIlJclr auu{uqln1{!unuro{lu tnnullfl {nountnd5l{
u, Jin e e .:111ln1U1102 U',lyt tl10rrn{u-l tnulr: {0suvytruavaullultyt{ftou n:srflatuqn0{{
i ' a ! .., s I n, dr,. d ,' o, - !fla 0{llJo{a1{r1lu1u 1 ril triflar{1ul,o{u1da1u lljlr n 0{ 1u0'lnluoo{uo1{:uu1ur,i, i , y aa i a a a a d rr u C -t?[:la'luyru (8 FIG.) lr9losglo.lulruYr{ ?ru[:u{ 1r: ol4urru{u'11lu2ij0{nuflau nn
j y ,, ! .,e, I ^ .', y-fla{flao{o'luvlluutont1filu n1:oontmllu't9tnluquln flu't01nn1:flnu1[tuu
6taorlu#orvrnaourn!il;uruirfi ooul#lnariruoio t r!nnrrun{r.rto.rjouirnnI r rr. r"r- , r. ,o'cr{ lonlflun t?fi{tgro tuu
rlilrturirlunao'r
(ft.3/sec)
rliuror il1fi u ort?lHarilu rio,I
I 4nfl 'r!n11.r1Dr:OrUlfl n
(tl3/sec)
oo o{ 39
40 d.l 99
100 0.1 189
190 0r 459
460 nt 999
rir,,d r,ooo dutj
5 0.r l0
t0 0r t5
15 0.r 20
20 61 30
30 0.r 50
-50 0r 60
165
IJ (
.L,S.cllon A-A
i'^r"*ihiLil*
t-A r
ihri't;
iL
AI
{o:..,0's. sur,.c.
$JYl 5.18 Baffled Apron DroP
166
A . - '- l;,. t e , I ! o .nqtu o { !1nn1: !tnoutu'tolu'1ll [rar{'lu9to I qfl axl!nxl{lrjoil:oilulflnuro{ 0{vn [lJ
I - i- < f,a,o lu , e - !u 1fl nrou{[[lJ u u:1n]dt tfiulQl{lgrlJolrlJ:lJtslul trafl'luu'lnrtacalo{anSgnuu't
a{u1n
tryi{nou niqilcyrvf 1 (Baffled Blocks) n2l(.:0,90 1o{ Critical Depth
tt4tttavn?l':lj5c 101 I tl{ 1.5 tYl-11,0'lfl1'luq{ :UU&14-l{ (Clear Distance) :81411{[tYl{
n o u ni fl n ? r lyi 1 fiu fl 1'r u d.! r o { uyi.: n ou ni 0 rl a v : s us li r r: stl i xuo rr o lrrvi loounisluuyrJur6u{n?:lflu2lvilto{n1luq.wo{rryirnouniourei'hilrnn'iror{o
dsr:rrieto.rri'rfir{rio.rrirfln1iln?:u1nn'i1 criticar velociry ur:ruflvdu6{sto{fi--!a-, ,i e , ! J^
fl1:U{nUUlYtlt?:0il Itgtruo{t1nfl2'llJn'llil10'lr0ilu lnntluuufl!'ltgll0lnutu10lll .,l. t , d s5t r e e - la otrt
UlYlUO lr tflAfl]Un0 I 4fln?11ln2l{rJ0.rUU91.1 lnnAl?Ult]A?fl'l:lJilnUUl0ilTI'l ln
'[nu nrrunrcduilrnmrlrdri ouiro nld'( rdufli ofi rrfl uriolrirdrrirNot"rr
controls) liraro 1 riorri.ruanrlfl upJd
6.4.2 H6nnl100nuuu 1fln6rt
nl: [HA[[A& Dynamic Forces 1r0{ul n2turltflruutn lunltoonrruu!.rt^C,t,o'c,-a
u lfl n tilcro{ nlt0l1t: o{gto tllulrjuYtlf, uflo
- d lrt 4, !l.) ontlt: ?fl0{ulolumu 0!0{ulnn
2.) rrr.!nrvilvlnrolrirfi crna.r{r1rurirernlc v ! a, -!3.) n1: f,nrt1n1ufi udrurirurironHiorir{i!il10rnnrvuf, r:r'lulra,
nteudliriluil?ucH.ivr1{oo nGinao'r
.Y I l7, o n1 1E't1t olu1alun1 uon o.{ul n od d. L r v o allu 101v yl u 'l tl4 ar{'luso.lu 19lna{ fl o 1{: lJu'ttljo{al{u u:tnuu ll0xo{
a a d d ad 2l I AlJ 1fl n0eafi9l'10.i ntran1,o{trfilrutrv[: rno1lumnouu{t{09r4'l{01nflun0{?r: o
3 u, v a ! a v - ! i a da v!:0lIo{u'lgtfl tuyn{9nuluuoullanuou n1]lJanr0itu'nJulIu?t:oE:un'tuoun?]trrt
n?ruanro{r:llunao{ rirbiarnel'rrirlud'xriufrunirarnn'rrirlunao{rav16o! - ! -y .r r ! y en:uuflriru:.tiel drlvflqfo{nnollu:irluluudrqnaluuilurir'Ifi breast wall .ir1n
A tr-,, of ,t ^ ! A u, dlflUHlU ln 0{l0lO{lJYlU61UlHU 0U 1 (upstream floor) UUOOn l oln brcast wall l O
t - ! - t q r,e , i , d -,r I ;1. t ,u o{ nuulnnn0.rna0{ n4 f,{[n9]'lllruto{1{:oE:ruuo{u1flnflr.u'lu't l110{]uflna{{
ruioltirlriuriliuulririudurhu (weir crest) tYrnrun{rlrosdurio.rmio6nriururr
fl?llJU'l?I0rf l0l10.iulflnu.iul? filluantl0{u-luu!:u ngu{u 0u alnH?u10&t {xu
167
,, l 9
rlasn:cudur0su{r[:{urn ynl#rnndrri'q#o{rnao.rrasa]oflA{nno{drutrruoolirnn
0ul.ltuttt{
0u'l.t [:nflt1,l nt:nafl 0{11tou'l'tIultt.tu0& lutnotutltr:'l0on![!uxoilt
rirqnh{rliuronirfi'1narirurioqrvirtiurliurolrirlunao{1oufi:cdurirfi:io,rrirsrn- ln dr -.. -J curi -a tr-'u,i
tta&t30lJu1 lu fto0{[1lu:&autau?nu fl{ 0em] ln tnu?rl,tu{n{oo llJus qyi ' ! ' y e- [aun1: [u11uuo{u10nun:ln11n2lunal'llro{tnunao{
r u 4 A o q, d a t)tqunl:un:sn!fl ut4:or:olto{lt'tnn tfi d{t u0'lntinununao.l
. - Ieunr:ld notched breast wallt qrr, ! , t/ t,
l. I lnunlt lityolu16,nununllfillunl1Ji,olnufiaols --i, 3 4 4 i J a e ! ,tau? fi u T o't u 1n noulu u d tfi a uury unlncr {u n?luni l.t1o{ltul o{
rgrictdttdrJauflun?1n?1un11.110{nunn0{ tnurr:lilt unluyt{uuttiluloln 2 fl{nao{ n1'l an
! I a .. . ! . JolO.lUl (d) 1lUl1U1{:Ot:OltlO{r0{U:OUU breast wall UUtYI'lfl1Jfl?1UAn1O{ 1 [Uy i ' . r, . ,3i.
n ao{ fi'11ufl ?1{tl0.u{uxo{oytilu?ol'lfln1nnfl :xo{rhuIau00?lulyt t antuTo{! -- - i:u e e , tr..d , I a a t ,J
u lflnu a nuolytrlJtflu?nuu 111 [u nnul'tur.llury{uytux0.tu ]flnll:oduflluoun:vnud u e joy"lquln!nunao{ dunl:yl ttntu2uno
Q = CU'a32
,^ ! ! iu tQ = U:UltUUlYl.tHUoyl t afiluTo'l lqn
C = dUrltsdmfi,9Aib = fl?lUfl'l1ilflO{YlUI0ilUlqn
,,,4o4rd = fl'lluafi1|o{U11l 1{UI0.tu lfln
(1)j
luo
F S.L E S,L
F-l8,L
FS, L
r68
Bcllassirs 161d'rirtol c = 415 ri.rrirarnr, (t) 6lnnrurflu
q = 4.755'632
uei Bazin rirtunl#rirtol c = 5.03 6'.rriulou Bazin's formula
Q = 5.0:u'a3/2
(2)
(3)
dunr: (2) uas trl dlr.ifi vclociry of approach rrirurrfiur,ioldru ltavld" - I A - ly , ,i , - i ' Id1lt:lJU1fl ncU!:s9rXUln',lUvtlUgrln?1:eqUfl UAO{U 10n
i i*,auv i - i afl 1ililner=eio.lli-uruuil'hifr 'hirrduude$rriouruil:rtfi{f,!ilr rir1lr
,nao{0!'lxnrirudocilrnnfl noorrnr luiloqriulilrioufiurairlfiurin rfl trefi {olAu
,y a A ,, ! , ! , . h, ,- ! a jqollt1{not on2'l! n2'lr!o{llulio.rrirsrn (U' ) 6rurslldtrn!:u'lollillslum l nno{" ,. I * ! a(Q) r{1unfllur0{ulflntnuunlluonro{u'ru'lnyrqo (d) lufln0{lmln!n?]u0n
tt.Ar.1'O{U'l1lUnU!0.tU1nn Hnt,O{n1:filU?BlUOUtrQn9lOUDTll!ft11'OtlJ:U'l0lUluA!
o lA. cr. , !, , ,- IAn v rlqvrfl11UAnI0{U-t}lU]lJ1 tlfllU1Ulr1lUU Oll{1nU:U'tglUtYl l}.t 0U'tU0un1lYl ltnlul$r
tta . o d r . r Lr r e < InllUAntO{tU'l IUnAO{t]nUrUlrUX0{Ulnn0!nna{ttflafi lulYrlnu laun?luan{0{! L ! t t 1 lo .ce - Y- J !
u]1ju Ytu x0!u 1fln0cu ounz'ln2lunnflo{u'l luna0{ 111 lr,ln1nfl2u]!ut,u u'l0Et , I 4 4 a , ! r' a t 3 ryt alt:{tragol0nnfln{H:0n:gYlunt!tltouo{nl:d{u10'tllll.tuoto{ 10n ]n
t.z lau n n u ffi s ilu r{u ui o ffi fr 4 o t iM nliq t iu o t ffi * il, iu aa o t* *i, I <r ,l Jtoulruuo.rl,ll9rn03r1luI drfl auu{ualnrrurau'lnuto l. I lrglfl?'tu
,,i'!yei,.'.-n1t{!ot11u!o{ulfl ntntnu fl'ltun11{r,otnunno{l]n!un u!orulnnH:oflu
brcast wall h?qrdu.larovrirlri':aduriruudurislrl'rnnryirfru:Eduirlunaor. ! - i , J i . ..ly y
n?lUanlotUl H 1 UUduYIllxo{lluntu0Yfl'lulU 1O!lnn'llUn?'l{1ot,)t.
durio.urnciliurufi fi lilarirulnuldasl:rio{rlrut:runlfi ro.!6o.-
F.S.L F, S,L
H) Rolr.d Slll
b
g.L
t12Br.o.l Woll
F, S.L
8,L
I
t69
q = 1qlcu,;?3dJd
rtl?llln:UYlu velocity of approach [tA&
Hl = (Q/Cb' -htA31U3did
tl11{:Unt0lyl! velociry of approach
Aluo hv = veloci9 head
= u4zE
v = velocity of approach
. iod = R11ua-n{o.r{1'lunao{ill
H2a -!. ! qy
= fl?1Ufl {YlUfl l&9lUvlU!0{1U !1n:vqUnUfl AO.l
Hz=d-Hr
d1lr:llnlr0{dullrs dnfi (c) n?rlnon [ra{no luu
ntolYl I
c = 3.33 druirdudo.rfi undurfl uhin:vorudorirdlria'r}Jlu: a a, " J i ! - i-
uuln{ Hrot unlufl{dl auuwatnq.rfl:.t11u] 4 o{ 30 u2 uloln rrasnlluan] - " u,,
to'r{1uudu riruu{'hif ounil 2 lyi'rro{n?rttr4u'lro{6ru {
n:ull 2
c=3.s0 drr,rirrilnuotir{rdurfiilr:d trrsiaurrduudu. e a !"r, jnltt {nl tltuou'l tfinauruu:flu 4 u')
n:iu 3
C= 2.90 drmiuriurfl {odr.udorfiun:d t uoinludnro.rriruudu
drrrr,r.rryirnunrrufi u rro{rirrIy{'rInurl:yursr
fltsl 4
c= 3. t0 drniuriruxlotir{rdueriiln:fi 2 rroinrrru6nrolil ruu f,u
dlnr.rrvirriunru14urro{61rly{irlouilrvrror, 'yo - ! a - ! y y t ,: - ! 'rYunlttYalu lltllfi :uu lnn${:youu'lo'rul,r-ruu'loqfl 1n1'r:roulluuolr
(1)
Q)
tYttlgoguu
1J191fl (Complete Fall)t, 1 . I - ! , ce t q e a1,0relul,o{!o{utfl nlr!!untunultuxo.l 111({n?1:!n!nunao{ flo
! , ! A i tr. r., e ol. n?1u{'rfl 0{1'ru1o.rulfl nmunrucuirfl lu1ru tn 0e8nfl o{tafl tE [u nr0l
rliuroni'rfilnarirurvirriurjiruroril"rfil#rirurorrrirriu riuusirirufiundur'olu',ro
170
rlirnlua.r'ld
00fi00fl lfl
, . , u, i a u, - i A c, i uniurirsiruhiuriuuuS0"l{n:unru dqdrfr {arur:nlrirfr ual'lrJuoc
,,iJo"<,.-o'rd2ul.lunluuruun]llr{9ro911u rvfior?1lnr:ltato$i1 nsnou
il:lud1ilnrrrf,uri'rwsrnoucr'sroti{r.rnrirrirlrinaolciu ucifirffltldlnunr:fiil#
dru d u n du riu rJ :-u n rru q l'l dJ . ar ! I a ' - t ,3. n1:unfr uil5or:dirio.rrirgrn{uilrvirfrudolafrl Breast wal 1#(.t
. , --J , InlllJno$ttlulJa0{fllnod: 1llu1nllu
, u d , ! !a-o , i , ec eou'r{ l:nfl]u T0{1i1fl nllulunu{fl n?]ttu1Jflnn]1u'lua1 lutlo 1.1 ]r'l:'l&
jif, l" , , i"r., 'i , a e d lAru0YlqtullflaHlu9l:{xo{ulgl'llul auull a{ :ounuouuln nltnqlcrlvlJ0{u'lll
, nr! " vi<ourtet 61fi'hiurnuaydrovlriillslnrirrrirfirflu:J:&fl:rr.l'ruvrndrnor{nao{ (check
carc) rtruudr fiarur:orrldrirflnuuufi'\eTIflufi\r?n:rqrudndlriouruil:uqi , j i r -- - !
d'll1:ull:ufi?'l {tro{11u1o{nunllulu0u{RU:!nuu'l
13 loanttl Norched Arenst Walt
Inuii doc gio leio brcasr wall hlqlr{u : rdu du nao rdu lildrluu udr
rirhirfluriolriron (notch) rio.rrdurrisuaruds.udolr?iilnairuun;nnnlqiruio.t.' i a ,ct i J J a e i . e ta1{ 10{1-l1flnr[!]lu tuulljnlufllxauunl{urJslrun?]unl]{1ro{Ytu!oiru8un2'l
e y o -C ' c, - -t a en11 n11ir10{ulunn0{ lJ:s9luuu10{rlju:!nul91u?n!:!n!uuflao{ lrorualn1,l{
, I t t ! !a^ "y, II0 {rr u n? 1a10gra{nn0{fr?1uu:E rlilfil0{n1:n1!o{u lflnllulJu nn0 ]1l {u'lfln
,- lr, . r,dlilrrof{fi!diurnrdrfiluar.iru'ldvlnililrorlnufinrrl6nrolriruufiurio.uyirfii
.ln?'luanl0itu1 lunao{l (d) oqtduo
.,
a
F.S.L
Dr
Notch
s.L
L
br ri-l Ir'l
tr j r, a !rt{Ylt!9t0ilu0'Etu1 [u n]: 00nuu)Jx0ilu'lfl nlruu
qsl. fl?1un?l{Ylill4Ufll0l Breast wall
2. 01u?utoitYtul [rar{'tu
3. 1U1010{!0.1
- Y aan'rrur: iru rfl nn u rior16urfi arr.rr: o1#rjiuronirvi.ruun'1u ad ru'hJ'ld
- la lre t ae d ,r, a d 'a ! Jrnulou2nulluHaluro.r uonl: ]xflaluIo.lo10uu0nog1J1{notuorl: l0tulyttHUn
Qnr!il{oonrfl uiliu ronlou .l fi alu:liutslslrudrurudor nltuEuu:{r0.tntrlro! Y Y ! I , u c .r,' t .td, a
10{u ]n]uYlluulflnoE anuoun{ ou-l{ l:nfl1!nl: lrro{uflu 1 Yaluro{nutjorrlu4 s a u i! - ! - i, ue
rHiiouilufioio0ff lraaoourdrrilor0u160fr dor'ki osrirl#rirlnarirurioshi
dcarinx6'nrnor;fi nr:1{1unr:rfi onrirudotouio.rnoalJldniuJ
t. nrrrun{r{d{ruotoir Breast *"u tllo{:rrirrdrtttnr?rl lsidc,t)
waU) n?:tm1n!n?1U n11{1O{nUnA0.l
2. n?runir{iro.rilrn:io{'lilnr:urnn'irnrrua'n{o.rrillrouuo (ol
n?: 0ro(i:cl,r'il{ r/+ 6'r t ryirtoln?udnro.lilllunao'r
3. n?ruu'l?i,o.r?rdrqorjo ei"rs) dluilrdol:vuuriroonrfl urio.rJ r, e r J I '.l riu'lrinr:rioun'irn:-quiilrolnrudntolilrlunnol
+.,irururiorriruunlnurJ:yurordldornudnrnu,rirft nrirr{r.rY t, 1, t, , a t I l"sru 0srmrnun?tun?tirlo{nufla0{ 1tn2u l.l/4 oit l.l2 tytl1|o{ft'l]uanI0{u1 ]u
171
n00{
lurelxo.rlio{1irernfi do.rvr:rufi 6'lcio1ild6oo a.'itr
fl 2luan1,0.tso' t: on?1uant,0{u'luufl ux0{Gx.tgt1u rl ncr rcrYirv 1 1.", < ionun?'luan10.:u1 lunl:lgnrYt lufl a0{
ui,2. n2]Un',t1.r10{nuYo{
3. arflrh{do{,t!
nl1Un?1{10{yruxo{1taya10{r{io.:0sfi1u?u'kio1nflun1r10{nl:1 0
ufto
1'0{u'l lulo{no.
luruo
a =?gfii,/nl*1nair (l)
172
Q = rliurqrilrfilnariruriol
c = du:l:cfrmtto lnr::curudl (coefficient of Discharge)
g = Graviry Acceleration
"!,b' = fl'l'lUfl?ltl10{UUTOI. ! i , I , - a ! q ld = fl'llUdfl 1,0!UlUUTlu50{q{lYlln!n11UAn10.lU'l IURaO{ tUO
Q lunflluIl:n = 0'lol,1{x0{
dunr: (l) 1dlun:fi :26'urirlunaordrudrurio.rirorno{iirn'ir:vdu! , u ra A qfiu'iol lcompl"te FaIl) rrav'lil60 velociry of Approach (n?lxnnlnln6ou'lu n]r
drurortrfi#oon'irdr velo"ity of Approach Liurnn'ir r r{crliurfi1
firliuronir
a
B,L
Complele Foll
F.S.L
F.S.L.
d
uoidricr velocity of approach aunr:os1116uu'hj6.rd
3 3
B.
s.L
F, S.L
Ja-cJ "BErb'r<d
+ hli - hi r -2r-dhz ((d + h)t - hr 1r .....(2),,
5
- !" e t , ! - ! ,lu n:ol:!9tUI'l lufl Ao.i9llull'lu!0'1Ulfl n0gq{nxl:sOUylul0{ (panial fall)
lra!'lilnq velociry of approach
_ _J_H [LF
a a
I
Ponlol Foll
Z:---{
3
t73
ia s" d.rrunl:m t5n1u?srocr u
= ?.c JTfi w' 16 1 5y 1 2o11a2. + a. n + ? H2 lt.aj
tu0
........(3)
H = n2rurrfl neir.rlr0'r:rri:Jlilrllurru'ouasrhurlru:iouirsrn
d))tt e ., I t o a
s = fl1-lUltflnfl1.l1,0{:VnUUlOlUYllUr0{Ulflnn!tvglUUUIOil" a-!" , !
ti.tttiu coeffrcient of discharge 1c; rirnildo'rdrfl nfr lfi drlt,larituli.t
flrd Complete Fau ltai Partial Fall firird'rcislilui
t. 6o velocity of Approach n,rrton firtuoh?
c = 0.662 n'.r o.oze
z. '1ilfio v"to.ity of Approach neia fitfluol#
c = 0.70 drriuriolrirnnturordnd.rair.r'lunaorsou uny
c = 0.78 rirniuriouirsrntu rnlxqidrainlunaoraruluqja , I ra
n?ru05{urinchifrn velociry of approach Hnx0{nt:dtu'lru firrilu ou
r{odun2rrrd?
rirudnrioru rnto.rris{ilon oyriruror'ldornaunl: (l ) rto (r) rrdr, dq ! ! a ' - ! , ! y Allon:ol ludun'l:Yl{ 2 u0!ll.tu21 Q,C,gd,H llac ds UUltlYlt1ufllYl{flllnll0? R{U
uoi b uau ., ryirriufirflu Unknown euantitics du:rwdoldrurslriroonur uasir
rflusio{firrfluaunr: z dulourirrunnlrrdnroorillrouuld, z rir 6o a1 uor-drrrdd2 lU O{l01nt:1Ytl1Un1lUn2l.ll,O{nUnAO{ alnnn{nn0tl llA&AlnnlUU'l'll,Oil
eo ,-I .!n0o{ognoulla? 1510'11111J:U10|U1 Q1 [[aU Q2 fllfltunllU0ntoil}ll Q1 llnU Q2
ln [nU Kutter's Formula, Chezy's formula nio Manning's formuh tdoilffif q1 ttav
d1 n'r a2 hJkiluaunrr (t) (nid Complete rau) fioyld 2 nunl: rfluaunr: z
xuno
Qr
)-ldltrac a2 = ;C.l2slb'di +1nd!l!:
!rn3lunl:mir 2 ur:losooaflunr:H]fi]r,o{ b [lav d oonultld
Iouriruo{rfiuariu tlrridr q1 uay dr riu e2 uav d2 lrJleiluaunr:d d L!,
1:1 1n:fi partial fall) fioclfiarunr: Z iu6o
=1"Aaw,i .tnd l5
iI
1-)11Q, = i c .!z ga 1b' k t t#2)+2 il(l d : + Ll s H +a H'1 ))
ll43a-)11
Q, = ic,tz gn 1b' (d.+\+2 il(! ct3+d s H+: H\l
un! llnoflflunr:trritro l b' unv d gonurldj
dr rrav d, firsdrnunl#firiiuirl:fild niut{dr = nrrudnro.rrirldnr:,6ud1unao{ (d) dllun:fid e1 tiourvir
fiurjiurnrirldnr:rfiufilunaor (o sl'ru
dt = dtl2
rucidrrrl#dordlcrnnruqurJiurortild* r fi luadru\ffidu ne:1drir
to.r a2 d.rciotJfi'
dr d = R2un'nto.rrirldnr:rdufilunaol
do = fl llrdntoorilldnrrri',qoluouuo
dr= d- r/4(d-do)
d2= do+ l/4(d - do)
,i"nlro{ do u luft2:ulnnl] dp lrn! l!uoun?] d/3
dolrhsrn Norched Breast wau 1:Jfirtduunturpllfi :rriuduriur,fl uest!-.,!'aiq,
tsauroulnu:lollnunao{lo{nn'l?unn?110tu10n:!dr nuu{u 1n lu10 l.l rtov
1.2 urn 6{fi uuf, itfiurte\rJ,ra;:islrirnnuuudirorlnadrunnonnorlnu'lri, .ru e - I a i- 'eio.rii'hin:soru dqil rfl Ts d{trofiu usi odrlln
c,io1ilfi rfl ufrrotirctocnt:tiru'r0lturnrio.rrirsrn6{ (vertical Drop)
174
B.L.+ lo.oo
llu! Notched Breast WaIl
sr?0til{r I
F.S,L. r .20
d.l.2OF.S.L.f 9.60
d. 1.2o a.L.+4.40
175
rirtusr'l#,.tlrttl
l. fl1fl :una0{91'lunlu0lla!11]uxo'1u1fl n
9itn?lu n?''tit10{nuna0.: (b)
a !o,' < i"n11UAnl,0 {U1 trnl:lgtUm tUnA0il (d)
41fl016{fl0ot (Ss)
. -in]fl 9r1UU1?10{nAO{fl :041nfl ?U'l
Roughness Coeffi cient (n)
= 2.00 [Unl
= 1.20 [Ugl:
= l:1.5
= l:4,000
= 0.O225
,- 3qy arjiurorrlrlf,nr:rdufilunaol1q; =z.seo u3./iurfiliurfi
2. dl :UIo{Ulfln
Coefficient of discharge (C) = 0.70
G) = e.8l tuetr/iurfiliurfi!ry, I , a qnlYlo{ulflnlluu notched breast *,uU doltatlftlac tl
d1 =dd2 = dtD
oro . !lfl nlu10llr11u19|xo':u 10n
?rYl'l: 111raadua:Ul0lU1 Q2 14 [r'tAHlU!0.!U 10n
b
d
d1
d2
A
= 2.fi) lljgl
= 1.20 lUsls
= d = t.20 tUsl:
= dtl2 = t.2or2 = 0.60 luet:
[2.00 + 1.50(0.60) I 0.60 = t.1q N$12
{P = 2.00+0.60
R = t.7ql4.r6?
6y2/3= 1o.t+sy2l3
01fl Maruring's formula
l3 = 4.163 [ugt:
= 0.418 lU9ll
= 0.559
V = l/n .p.213 , 312
= (uo.ozzs) x (0.ss9) x (0.0158)
= 0.392 ruslr/iulfi
Q= 0.392 X 1.7+0 = 0.682 ,rfl137iurfii" 6, d , A
0'1fl data lifltxun lfiivrfiu?llrJo Qt = Q = 2.5a0 lufl:r/')ulrl tflafiluro{I - l" e e 3 ,i - {: ' - ! ,rllfln ::A! 1 lUflno{oluYl'luu lcln0!oqm:!nU + 9.60 S.:flln?'l:vfiulluXo{
Jr.!ad+ 10.00 lntlsnluu n1t'l?taH1uY0.!1i1flnt,0{ Q1 l u complete fau llagluo{olne I s t I r A ^- a i a
flao{f,]ururiotlau lr'luroiulfln tfllll]nu [r0 Q, = 0.682 tufl:-1l1ull'l ailu de =
0.60 ruer: lnarirudolrirsrnhludrosrirb?fiirlunasudrrfrruri'rflnf,n 0.60 ruer:
i .i a tr I ' - !rxulaulnu rrnurrgurulocoum 8.zlo + 0.60 1r:o 9.00 $rflln?l:vnur^1u10{
!"+ 10.00 nl:rtasujunr:lnar.irurio{ 1flnto{ Q2 6lrflu Complete Fa[ rhu
Yt6
?x o.7o3
01ndun'l:fl 0.1 Complete FaIl
Qr
2.540 =
r.299
Qz
0.649
0.314
4i i b.ar1u,af" + -ndi"l
.-i:cJzeft'al'' +lndi"I
5
= 2.0673 [b'a f/'? + 1na ]/'? 1
= [b'di" + o.sndf/'?] .
a_i
= :cJzgtu'ai" +lndl'l
= 2.0671[b'd]/'? + O.Sndf': l=tb'dl' + 0.8ndl'?l
lnunr:ururir d1 ud! dr luaunr: (l) llnl (2) osudflunr:urrirrol b'
fio b' = O.42 tllsl: tta! n = 0.54
!, ! -, - a -a'rvl:'l!siuu!0itulfl n0!ufl 'lu fl nfl : 0,rJulnq{u,tl,
n'l1Un11{10'lr{u !0{ (b ) = 0.42 lusll,t
A'1911'l{Y0'l (l:n) = l:0.54
(t)
(2)
llag n lO
cs.L.+ r.20
d. t.2o," r1"
r:o.54
I t".ro I
t to.oo
t77
9l'loutilll 2
r-l1HU9t 11l--
1Dlll:
s.L. + 11.50
b
d
d . r.5o
rliuronir
H J;,B
[3.00+ l.s0(0.75)]0.75
3.00+0.7sJti
F.S,L.+lo.50
C.l 50B.L.r 9.OO
= 3.094 luql:2
= 5.7M l sl:
to.oo
I
eAet!1. f,lH:Ufl AO{911Ur1.lUOl1Arn1U10{Ulfl n
99flx1lnx1{1o{nUfln0.l (b) = 3,fi) lu9ll
< !.rt a Jqfl11!An!0'l 'l lrn'ltlgl Yl tun60tl (d) = 1.50 tU9ltI
nlnfln{nnot (Ss) = l:1.5
alflfl1 u'l'rll0rnaorilio a]nfi1il1 = l:4,000
z. dtufudo'rilrnn
coefficient of discharge (C)
9.81ruor/iulfi/iulfiaet ' IlttO{Ol{U lflnttUU notched breast wall XO{[nU2llnY l'i
dr = d
d, _ dl2
re , I[Hfi1t U10!0{Ulfln
-lUH'l1l:U'l0lll'l Qo m tHnll11l50.tlJ'lglfl
q, a i"Itnl:tglull tun6o{ (Q) = 5.418 lun:-'nll1t1
= 0.70
3.00 rugl:
1.50 rugl:
d, r.5o--!-=-= O.?S llt9t51.>
d1
P
178
R=R2/3
01fl Manning's formula
v=
a
nlndunl:llon PartialFall
Qr
213 112.S
44..14'0.666.0.0158
0.468 ruet:/iu]fi
r.a+s ruflr3/iurfi <_
= 0.542 lUsl:
= 0.666
4
3.09415;104
(o.s4D2l3
I-.Rn
iln data fifiruuql#ovrfiuirru{o q1 = Q = s.418 ruo:3/iurfi 'lflaI - I" e e I ,: J , - L
ftlUrO{Ulfln rv9rUUt [Un n0{9r'tuYtluu lfln0s0gYt + 10.50 a{({n?]:caul'ru1o.r
+ 10.00 ryr: rcncriu nr:ln nriruriu.lri]"nro.t Q1 rflu panial fall uosluao{tlnnao{, a , , t r '- { - .r l.r9r'turflu0rlauli]uxo{1]1fln tflrYrlnuruo Qz = l.zl48 ruor-1/')1J1Yt 1{u d2 = 0.75
rufl: 'luar^iruriouirflnliludrovfirtifirirlunao.:rlrurirurirnna'n 0.7s rufl: rdu
- ! ,i a tr i , - ! ,lflulnu tlov:vouu'livoqm 9.00 + 0.75 l.t:o + 9.75 cr{9t1n?1:v9luvtux0{ + 10.0o
ttty{tluatfunlr'lnadruriolrirsrntol Q2 o'.ufl u complete fall
1- de: cJz sH t u'(a * -l; a z ndi- d
n 2c; +dsH+-H-)l
0.503
2- 0.703
32-0.703
2
5.418 =
olndUn1tlo{ complete fall,,
-c
2 X 9.81 X t.o0 [b' (1.50 +
-;z+2r,11 10. soy2 + (r. oo) + lO.oo)2 )l
452.067 311.7 ilbt +2n(0. I 875+0. 50+0.2!0)I
2.0673[l.75b'+2.175b]
3.618bt+4.496n (l)
Jzfi6'63t24
+-nd5
sl2
z x s-81tu'(0.zs)
Qz
2.0673[o.65ob'+o.3896 n]
312+ 0.80n(0.75) 512
t79
= 1.344 b'+ 0.805 n
nrndunl: (1) lrai (2) 0;x1fir1l0.r b r10? n
b = 0.69 tugt:
n = 0.65
I ' ! -, - . -!tyttl!Q! u xoilulnnnSt.ld'Iud9tlttotulofl'luvJ,
n?1uni1.l1lo{YtuY0.l (b ) = 0.69 lUsll9t
010t1{!oil (l:n) = l:0.65
F.S.L.+ [.50
d
(2)
t9lflo
t.tvzs.L.+ rO.OO
I lossi
gt'loul{Yl 3
ES.L.+ .S3
H 95
d . r.50
F.S.L.+ rO.90
LL.l9.40
l. l0 ruslr
= 1.85 lu9l:
l:1.5
= l:3,000
5.4m runi3/iu'lii
d.1.85B.LJ 90
l_
rlruuol#,t^!
l. ilu'1flfln0{nlur11u0u]fl n,t)
R?lunl'l.rl,o{nun00r (b)
a lov < ian2luanlO.tU'l ltn'ltrglull tufl no{ (d)
j.n]nfla{fl00{ (Ss)
o"o'lnnllju'r1lto{nao.lx5oa10fl'lil1 (s)
rliuronirldnr:rfirdlrouuo 1q =elt!
2. 1'U10nAO{O]U11]UUlfl n
,tn'ltun,)lrrornunnor (b)
r:o.65
2.60 ru0t:
180
)3. d'111:UIO{Ulnn
Coefficient of discharge (C)
. Jo, < ion11UAnlO'rU't t$nt:rgtUvr lufl ao{ (d)
ialnfla{fl4o.: (Ss)
alqfl luu-111o{nao.inioalor.r?dt (s)
Roughness coefficient (n) = 0.0225
= 0.70
= 9.81 ur./'lulYlnulll
l:1.5
1.50 ruett
l:3,000
rlilrulirl#nr:rdufilunasr (e = 5.aeo u3.liurfi
ldlio.rrirgrnuuu Notched Breast watt riolrdurrrasl#
d1 = d = 1.85 [uel:
d2 = dt2a9 | atH1111U1n$O.tU'lnn
?t141 :,^YJrei
ll'llJ:UlSlU'l Q2 Yl [1lAfl l !0itU19lfl
b = 1.10 tuslt
d = 1.85 tu9l:
dl= d = 1.85 tugl:
dZ= dllz = 1.8512 = 0.925 lugll
4 = (1.t0 + 1.50(0.925) 10.925 = 2.300
P = l.l0+0.925afi2.300R =-4.430
IUfl:2
4.430
0.518
lu9l:
Iu9l:
tlfl Manning's formula
v l.*z/:.rt/zn
= 0.507 tuat/?ulYl
a = 2.30X0.507
= 1.166 luo:3/iu]fiI ,- , e Y . u t , sruo{nlnt 9lo1o{Rao{9llult'luu'ton 1u10lutm1n : nn10{nnoit
y o ! . r'o t rt t r .qv..lq ' , v !nru[l4uou rono{ero{nru ?u g'iltfi Q2 luariruovrirb?fi irlunas.rO1u?i]uli]fl n
nnlml l9r
l8l
,) v 3 f .ru?l''l d2 loilfl0orlFllUYtlu lflnlU0 QZ = 1.160 ]Ufl:r/?U'lYl ttlnHlU
dUU9I
P= z.oo + o.ee{rr
0.68 = 2.480 lusl:2
= 5.050 luo:
= 0.492 lusllR= 2.480/5.050
p.zB = 0.623
v = I '*z/r 'rt/zn
= 0.4s8 lufl:/iutfi
a = 2.480 x 0.488 = I2l2 run136u1ii.==lfld
6lriurdo qrlnndrunnoldrurTrrirnnwfi :rdurirlunnor 9.4o + 0.68
a f, , -i, ! , 'x;o + l 0.080 6'rq.rnir:;6ufi udo{ + 10.00 rfl :l;illfunr: hnriru:iolrirnnro.r
qr 6'rrflu partial falli" ., c , itln dataYlnllun l ovlllu?]tuo Qr= Q = 5.490 1u9l:1'tu1Yl l nfllulol
I - I. ,' e i ,i J , - J ,lJlfl nrs9ruu'l lunoo{nluytluu'l9rnogyr + 10.90 r{q{n?1r!nuilu!0{ + 10.0o
J r. ! ..1 t a utu5lUq&Uunl: ll4oHlUXo{U lnnlo{ Q1 !{tUu partial fall lrulnu2nu
01ndunl:1,o.1 partial fall
Qr =|cd
,/zsH 1u'10 + f + zn1
490 2x980x0.95 [b '1r.rs+f1+zn5
(-(0.e0)4
+ (0. eoxo. eo) 11(0.9s)2 )l)
d2
b
= 0.68 lugrt
= 2.60 lUsl:
{z.oo + r.so(o.os)}
2
2.0673 X0.975[br (1.85+0.45)+2n(0.6075{{).855+0.36 l)
2.l}6l2.3obt +3.641 nl
4.637b' +7 .352 n
r to.oo
|42, *arn*iu2)l5 f, x0.70x
(l)
f ro.925
925
6S
IQ2* d2. to.@ H 84 d.'O.Oo
L.+ 9.40
rE2
tlav Q2 = lcJzgn tu't6 15y 1 2111a2, + arH + 3u2 ll
3o.zoe
2 x9.81x0. E45 [ b 'io.s:s+$y+
znrlto o8)2 + (o.08xo.8+s) * lto. scs)2 )1
= 2.067 3 x0.92[br (0.925+0.04)+2n(0.0048+0.06?6+0.286)]
= 1.902t0.965 b'+0.717 nl
= 1.835 b' + 1.364 n ..............................(2)
!1nflunl: (l) lras (2) 0!xrri'l b'ua; n'ldsilfi6o
b' = 0.15 llAi n= 0.65t9, OA
r11:'lsoEuuxo.tu'trvutlluf, oll: olu'l9ro{u
nlun{r.rrioldu (b')
ars{tdo't (t:n)ttt ,.1
nlt'lsitvuur0{u'l0EUfl 1ufl nr: 0tulaa{u)rl,t
n11Unt]$10{1{ut0{ (b )99alqnlull]{ (l:n)
11.666
E S.L. t ll.85
= 0.15 lUot
= l:0.65
= 0.15 lU9ll
= l:0,65
-s.L.+roooI ol5 II t.to I
. :; tv !2. u1 J nl E unn! o 0u1n n na qqn1au1 n n
, ! ou, r , uuontlnnl:r,t1'l:0111u'lnttnuanuuitJ0tx0'tulnnqt lnnal?ultla'l u{
,<f i l, a o , a d ", t , A y - IJ ! vufl {Yl0uo0{11!'l:0n0 nultoul{fi0lIu9tlumluryo{{{0u910{:uulnfl no{uluu o'la' i d , a drr,. dr , a l - J I ,", jtuul,rurtlt ltufiu n t!0.[ljuglo{un'l:u0{nuflu llnrr:{n:!rlIn1o{lu1 uglollluery.d.a9,JCrAColuLlulotllluOu oEgl0{fl:l{tllu 0l{ (Stilling pool) u:00ltltn:{tllnn dlr:rltU."i ,J d J r.c r,- . .J , I n'r*u'Illflnat 'tdviulnoaott: {n:Eullnto{u1 ]u lM nn}lla1uYtuYl0{u1 In tnufl:t
,n r : fr 1't: 01'rtu'rert o.r ei x :-urirsrn (Sr illing pool) riu 6o'irrirnvln aril, Ji ' I u ,4, J
flnA.{U1n llgl:rUynU10!Tl{tnUn'ltlfi{1O{U1fln(breast wall) OOflU1 lflO]yllnUOUilU
t83
,rtt
o{ riunrruu: urarnrruq':roui rfinnarlr0.rrirri{ur n!'rnllaro n({urnR?ruur?, - la ; I
10{o1{5UU ln0CU{U'l?UlnXU
IH
E.L, 3.L
o.L
I 9.CO
o1r3. ! -
= t JUtllu-l{!l6Unlllulr0nUlOnO0nUlOlnal.tO-'lilld,
= coefficient c[.lufl] 4.75,l)
= flllUaOl0.llllrOnUl0nla .l ,
= fl?]Ufl{no{u'l qnn.:U1O.!l1U A1{
= 0.38s cJa.Ya- !nu:uutqn (L) 2x
0.770 cJd"ya ! a , . - ^ ,, ! i , .! r .,
fl21!an.l,0{0]{tnuulnltutnu?nu no 0rulu{fl ndnulnolnnwno{ani , trr, a t 4 tulnlu 'u:JU10l ]n1]fl?1!A ntlay0t.tn?t $ u I/3 xo'rn?tuttfinfltttJll2-lt
- !r, ., , !,gnlutFl1umuollovYtluu l0n
,J
6'.:riu rir H'= n?luunndllro{rsriilrirar
fl2lUdfll0{O]i = H/3
at!nlt tn?luu't?uayfl ?tunnl,0.t01{ulnn
x
C
d
Y
x
fl ? tuH UlUl0lt 0lrt
o10u]it
+ll.20
a. i-2o TcoH
-El@
lL.
Ix
U
t x
L!
Y.!!l
+zlt o.55
{!.ao
184
2!Yt1
5.5 rrq!fl (Chutes)
4t1{mnluo
-2Drops ltOl[9lR0l]itnU
arsafl?1UA n1,0.t0l.ttt ut0n
fl?lUan10'to1.t
fl ?1uu.t11 0't ol.lruu ]n n
oAt5CnUflU01.l
w3
t6011
o.sr lf o.-ss runr
8.40-0.55-7.85
ll.20 - 7.85 = 3.35 lu9lt
0.770 c Jd"Y
Y
R?luu't?t,0':olil (L)
0.770 x 4.75 1.20x3.35
7.334 1# 7.50 lu6t
3. frwffa.4rr:tro41v.
n talawuFrlu n ruu Tnnw o o 1 I r uu Is s !;! ,t o y a c - !
uon0lnnltuo{nuut.tn:ytrmnu0ilulytllurln? u{ao{unltu0{nuu l
- 4 i y - ! ! y ! - : e' a^ an9flullav alqfla{f}ao{o?u ft{uultu ytluu 101nrou0].ttuu't0y9lo.tultultu'tu1[tu ?
oon'lilrfl u rsuyuo.Iun?t u.rvoyelo'rir-u Fu{uruu ruu arnfl e{nao.udurdurfiu
rleu fl :.:ilarurrlfl fiut5ururuurnr:rilfl u rilrucil{a'na.rhJlu6urJ:rurar llz
t o{n?rufi nto.ili.rlun aouxjorlo'rriu hibirimnn 6'uu rdnyrsar{6ulddu ld'
" I " ,A. a : A .ji 4ln]t tu:vuudrur 1r'lrru rvt d Idu{u 10lnm ({a{( 0r'tt?tlJ0u
chutes oonrruul{drniuasr:vniuriruar:cniur{oonuuoao
fl rilarfl riourl1{u'l?rtasunyfi alfl mirruu n'jr riru }Jlu duddfi .top" hiurju ou
rr.rfitoosrfluyionio:r.rirrfln61d ourdn6ogmrlifluarnr6ornur dd r d 4graoatl{r lrsrul{mn0yltu{n11uut21,0.lrt.t oonl ugtou cl louuatontit 1nu riro
fl ou da lu r r{ 0sri rrfl u }iu r6r fi ,lri'
t 1{rnrHUrsdru irl#ri"rrj?u ror ur n'ln ariru 6.rru-n ov airrlfl u n ao r
dlulfi qiuaynao{ryoddrulrqj f,nu*rro.rlliu6ufl tuuu?fl aoirlJt{dlu o1o0cf{fiu
185
3 , a et e .r 4 r , .eu 1flnfi alulllt {n3fln?1 [1I: ''t30.lt]u?lnl: fl:1t:'l 'llu12:'l{l9lu? 03lelunlnofl:1{u1n
t I i ^ d t, . v | . -rr ,t t on?ln]:d5'l{ri19rnfln 1 n fi aluttr{{nnlu [fln'M1{:nulutr$1!leuoun2lnuuln
luariuriou:xntairlrhu wood-stave niorfl u:xlnns ueiluilo1fiu.L.cac!
rlju:'t'1fl 0u n:orfl :lJtfi anlrYlum{}1|
laufrr'lrl:rlrvufl u:1.rrfl nD::uet'l .ul.rairllfludurravfi arnsrruurr'1ilt a r e ! - qe
fllila10fiuAuueisrouila1u51{1nd0cfr{d1ri!ilr fnorlfarnsrruul?to{:'r{ l:2 6't
:'n (chure crrarmety fi1J6'ncir.r 1 fruudrrroiotoonuuu rriurflu1lfirr6uu{uoln dA a J ' 'i i ! - .r,s , rA
rxaurJRl{}rtlt: ofi: lt't{flalJ It9r:lrtI drBauullufl1nuuun0r txnuulnnl-lIuou
A? 1vn0u{0.ul{ln(Chute Components)
l. o1fl1:fiiltnl,trlrrlr 1ir,t"t strucrures)
2. 6r:r{ (chute channel)
:. eirliurir (Stilling pool)
: r{rm n o u ni fl rai rrr f, n.d lfi : rjd'qrfl u d rH6 uuu unrnl#riurirhji iu, i ,"o I a '-,
fl 1lt:U1l:lJ10lUlU1n 1 sr{ tUlllltlUlt0!d:'N11]UUlfl nU:O:',I'tIYITUnOU
Lhnfl rerrfirre (hlegfi nlroonrru!1#f{6'!illsirdsfl e.rfiu Drawdown
i -i Au.orA l- At em0!lnqtU[1IO tU t}lfl A{nA0{8nU1nn0lfl1:YlU]nnll[1l](Inlet Strucrure)
. <! , I t d - ! ' rrre i oyO'10 0rnltuutolulflnfiAluloll4:od:1{tllu O'lfll: OfiU 1 :lnoll t'lnU inlet l O l!
t! - !rl:Eludr{lonriruauf{riuillyir 2 odlr
n-?rro lchute Charurel) fi pJci'olrirrirfi'uotooo:'l.l onuilnctfl ounolr:1ilf,'eof,i
n!1rnu11qn rr9lgroultl:'t{tlnv alu:1{0snilt lu:y'l't.t12.t51.lyllrn!ytqnn:J1o:J
'-!eAo'l{:lJul llglolllJ Spread Trtursition llAi Trajectoryr -!or{turl (Stilting poot) lrnu ourlet Transition iIfl udo,raflrl'lifi rJoru
A - ! e c l;,,:'l.l tfl0daluua'r{'lu10lu]t]avnfi09t:'lr:110{ulyt lflnlma{u1fl'lu:1.!ou't r: {]du
riou fi rrrJcioulrtlna'lilsnunnor io;rfurirocfianao{firylnluua!fi rltfir:rr. re c l- . : - J a, iI1:n tfl nltd0tufla{{'tul10s01:a90st:'trt ?rJ0{ri1Ft{na12u 0rduqYl5Hnflsl0lu0
] r ,1 - i. J .ogo r.: YnUYlU 0'l{0Unn!]n:3AUll1 lunn0{Ulnfi0m0cYl1 lllln9l Hydraulic Jump lJlJ lU. u9
o1.r t9l
186
t....rr C...r.1. flr.
tr...rr c.ar.l. Plr.
PLAN
Orlg,nC Gl016.l S!.lc.r
qlallor G..{tra Sirl...
FIPE CHUTESs
o-B
-l
I
g^rfLao trPE ourLEl
a
..ltjvl l.tg Pipe ctute and Baffled Pipe outlet
rA
LrPlon
l--I..hctcr, - ----1"
t-l
a-J L,
F.lir.r 9r.{.rcr.
-{
F. s'r'rhr Pc.r .iOcrl.r ro.tlcn
B:B
O.lrlrFl G,@.0 Sut...
I
F
L--.
IE
\
Ilyl 5.20 Typical RecEangular Chute
(
IE7
:it i
':-:--':-'-'
-r.l RecEangular Conerete Chu Ee5,?L
o
oo
Chule blocks Pool Elocks
End sill
o
o
o o
oo0
o
o
o
o
q
o
o
oo
o
o
oo
o
arJd s.zz Stilling Pool with end sill
Do
2,r Stope
188
chutcs fl urnlu{o:fi g:vurorir (weep Hole) lfluuirrorlnd 1 riurJrne, - : a ""'l ^ ! ,: ., a
?l'l.lt'U'lo l.truullilonn Uptift Pressure lol'lU Utt?U:tCU'lUl.a lnlolu 0!C{O{U FilrerA . e Aa .r J l - rr rcyd a e yjry{m1n?uvtr]uuaJnt?oYtul,uln]lU{alnunuo mollotnu]ulfllunnulo u14ao
. . LYa 0nfl 1uu 1o o nulyt I'tI rvu'luu 1 ln
u onn lnrr{lyr!fi ndrfl u rt.rrfl nr ::rLsr rd'rair.rdronou ninrairurr f, n
udrfrifi:rtn6nzu^arua{6un'ir Pipe Chutes d.rfifinuuvrfluyiourril.ro{1ciniu6u. c-
Itn3ualo9nuu'l? l nlualn uou
oilJno Pipe Chutes ocut?n'il Pipe Drops tracn:clt#lntuluYiofi, J i. .ot,a -lr5{n?1 ru 0.r0rflu1lullo1,0l Pipe chute rrr{urnn{flr l rnauornlfQnnRognlu lu
,tilo n"lujuiiaarund'.rltutolf rlurioilo lclosed Pipey Inu Hydraulic rump trruAou
r ia rr- 4 6 !. rurt !otir.rfilfrir Pipe Drops 6.rrirhjld lfltrsavfunr:dnruflA'{.nunorfrdrniu Ripe
a I drt e !chutes o-ldo.t'lf,or.r:-uriltruu open-type Basin niortuu Impact-type Basin ru^ofi
,,<adJ]nm0[ u Baffled Pipe Outlet tluu l9[tuullu.l
luuUgluulotglutlavlildtwo{ Impact-type g^in lfitran.tlilu:il
otirl'lr6nlrnr:1# surn"a ripe drn:-r Impact-type s^i, dfidonr:drrno 6o
l.) o"nrrlordrfl xrJrnvioovsio.rhjrfi u :o rlol5u rfi ilioil:curu s. ts
tu9rtnu'lYt
2.)I c rrr., aj " i , qr, .- - ! er o tfi loHaon(n n?rnrflufrllu0 r{ luoqnnnlnrsnuu rq{ Eomru
dr.rluulnn?r d+G2
-r., rioror rip" chutes derfi siouirdxovrr'rliluuu 2tluil:.o?1{tfl u
a r q fi 1 riuei d'o { ld r n'u t s o
sr r u rJ n sr'f n r s r x vi o lu uu rnu
5.6 Rr:ooflr flr.in ulflttltl{un
lu n:6nao.rri.ril rsr-nriruouuniovr r.:rolr,hiuilruxlluR15oonrruu,u4 , 9 jg
' I 'r d urt0 nltno rt5 t.toln]t9l5{mflnfl tu luu{u1ntflu0u nuna0ld'ru tflnfl 1u alu 1
e 4 u r t. t t <a ,/l'| I!ttuatfl [ r'rs0t],Juno:youH d.luuu u: oH nilynt:o lT{uaufl{0ull42 0.rrlu lucr.lc A c, t - ry. t a , . r,
1'lOntrftU lll(lUU0n ln{lU nltrttl{tlYl'l'lUH:OYIOA0O (Culverts)nUYlr lnflsn?n
t89
5.6.1 asnlu (bridges)
, e u 4 o h I | - !"r, d io0'lrsnuHa.:0uul.rroltoityt't{:0 lfl q{n?lrrfiuu1 t.Irfl1:tnu luna0{ryit
,i'r t....rl urn nioyro0yrdill#q.rdudnlrirrdr nr:air.:aslrrur?rrnao,rri.rrirlil
tiril:-unao'rci.ni'r;dfi 6o16rrirori, dxaynru :yu'jr.:ororio 1spanl
t .rtt t t I | , - !9toit tuuoun?] 6.00 tufit ttaym0.:nludy'W1u9lon0ud{ n?t:cauu'ld{rYn luna0nn.t!.
ti.t z.5o ruor dru:-urisn:run1ua, 4.-50 lun:druiurioqo
fourtndsurunuuuiofiy ru'r{ a?.:rfludyl.nunoun;fl ueideflru
:olvfifluayvnurrf,n
5.6.2 doaoa (cutverts)
1#aixlu n: fi :yduu dlouu uiord'rvrr.r: o b'l'hia{nod osair.r\94'tl,LI
d!1{tu lo ri:ooldt1{dgynuttan0Sldunlfl of,tt':ln{{n?1u1n, e e A - u,,idr:cd'ulrd'rouurionfrlnrl:oh,ld rnir:yo-lrir({qnlunao{ei.:il l
viofiair.raosrl:Jocfifrnuolcrfluyiordor lsiphonsy d.rrr':n:or'orooysio.rnnsr-rvio1#i ' ,, , !r,
fl ln21: &9lUyt O{n AO'i fr ':U 1A ?U
vi o a on 1crtr".ts) nioyiordoru (S iphons) fi air.r a o nou u rf on r.r: o'h,,|
4 . a a i i d r a 4 dh,[lJUvlonountnna r:06rrrduu n3[:Jull0rlo?lou2fir0Halurlo2nto dlHtun15
" ' I tarirurorrurqyioliutirriluyioaon (cutverts) n.rdrurarrdurdurtiu:xriln lopen
Charmels) rrsidrrfluviordousio{rirururuu siptrons 6lldnrir?urrtd?
190
fiou7l
olR'ltR?uflttu l
o.r rirrir
u.,n't, o rrqrril (Rcgulating structures) lu : c uu.i+illia ri rufrd
nruqrurJ?urorirfi lnadrun'rornrr}Jniori.r6'u:vriurirlunnordru,rru'uilo erz. e , i. ,A- , "hfii:cd'uerrudo{nrr ornrrfrrirurirfrn-'.rndnrJ:cnoudru tlrJwE:vuruvrnrir
n ar{n a o'! (Check) z;il:vq:rUrodn ri't,,ur ri.,r n (Check-drops) 3)ilt ce tvu ru
rnnao{"fou (Distributary Head Regulator) Oof nf :urj.rrif(Oivisioo structurcs)
s;rJ:rq rvrrur1rufl a o { Cf ail Regulator) o.lri o ril iruiru r(Farm Tumouts)
nr:nT uqlrJiuronilnrldl'nul#rho,*"r, ururJ:aErdou isua"uv i - : { u - !A'
Gates) lfru6orudnilrlstoplogs; uio ornrrri.rriurirfirJrnvrrur?r (Cmtrol inlets)
6.2 rlrvqrvurunorirRal{Rao.r (Check gates, Check regulators),
il:so:curumnflnar{nao.r rfl uornt:snil:vmruru'nru'.rd.raix'l{
luoaorri.rri"rnnil:vmm rdunoo.rarulnni nao{crou rravnao{runqou fi fl rfid
ri'rriu:sdrrirrirunrrioir,ro.rrJrrs,rru.tonori"tnamnao.t h{arxoiioc.iu{r naor. , o' ,' n, . ':- -- | t'-
croun a o{rruncrouu as od.ru-utru'l to dco?nflaonrraro.rrrr?'iljiurorilrfilnau r
, r ra J;. ryd q d q9t !ovriounirilirururirfrriruuolifinru luurcnr0r'oroovldrJrv4:rututirnarlaao't
ilnfiu 1il}irirln adru'hJsrrunaordrur{rurJ:rq lu n:or'fi naordruriru"irqn4 , q J irrrrnv , 1 a v a 4
rduHru 0111u910{ onuu112 t, 0u n?'l0vrtnltlroult9rut dt 0l5uut0u lrto luntu
ficio.tnr:f.trTuirlrtlna}Jmr'rrJ:v4::urutirlwust"*uy.; ,rtud,orunurdoono,
otilun ao.:b{n oooon'hJ rfl ustuet!a,
0t tu no 03 flt ritutgttv u-tultou tna t{fl ao{nluo]ftlflno?nuotntrxaJ.tdt
il:smru ru-n 6u (Combined Strudures) ryu.ltl{ruu o rnr:rdurrTuJrr4:vurorJ rn
noo{crou xioilrsfl:vuruilrnflao{llunryouHioil:vcr:surufi{rirrflusiu ri.ru'rn'o
Rrrudcnrnlu nr:n2ununr:d{rir ucioroogair.ruuntiurfl unua;ornr:fi 1d
druiuluqei.rriuulorAn n1rf,ir{drcarmnri rn arlnaolrflu o.tRlro't2r ororsrflu
l9l
ii, -'j' Il
r..yld
lr
It
^ , 1' "l't 1'
., -.. 's :l\;
1Jfi S.t Ctrect Inlet to Pipe Structure
lJd S.Z Portable Check
!i:;tr,
iir
,
ii'i
t92
rirldriruq.ruavhjacnrnlunrril6'uGrru 6.rfuuair.rrflurJrrEruri',,,ruodurfrro
1d Inoairqfl u Inxrr f, nn:dror?rluriorfl u In:rh7 fi tu rnuasrixrvirnriuir
,',nriuonlrilfilnBunrJ:rqo-nri"ruilrlrr.rlurilnrilrfiqiornr: rrtorirnrrrirdrraiea ) d t r d t r 4 , r. ro YiC rr rrItuutoufrufl l rnr t2Htoulu l1l lYYtou to
'lunrrdrurorru ruouuo,i.ri riudor6orjir rorrir,,urrru-,ill#n.t,
,firdlrouuo (Full Supply Levell rfluudn tirdrfiri.rrdrnaorri.rrirfirJiursrdufiirv. rv t c\ t. 4. el , , I
0r'ru7l lnnl un t?fl noor?n1rrn2n lunlruufl o.ralrlrrurcqrculuvrnu lnar{fl n0r- !" , i a - lnt a AA qt ,, !A, )l t'tttuauu'r luRao{uoul,u (.ro.rrcaruu 1 llnrrrfruna{9to{rdu0 lln01u]nfliln 'r
, ! t d j iryn ryJ - J ry ,, !n ao{fl{u ]uoun?luru'l0ltguJl0gnuYt lnnt uft l'l !r{0tnnctnnl,u ]ntfltlv9tuu'1101
Tn:rnr:rail:vvnuu"uuorlnau r fl;ornanrhru-0fi rvrrilgnlurfl fl Inr{n1tro- - !""t d;
rJ:srnrul#rirlilniouriu :vdurirlunaolri.rrirfiovhifiu q.r6.rrcdudrl#nr:rfiufi
rnrl#rirlrilnnr{rnaoirirou nao{rruncrou nioriori.rriruTrurudrucin:d riolra,u,dia.drrtn
rfl t turgl uvt o.l 0'tr u gl o't ctt lit :sgl trutu lnat{R ao.rlidruiuo'nvrnrirlu n ao{eir
,i.l1#ao6urrA',il1#nr:rdrufi otiraru ot
rcucrirwo{ilrvelrrurumndrfi u otinju:sn'uilrfi ona.rludr.: ri{ilr Iou- , ! ,, d
", ! ny AAaHAnnl:d.tulua? nn?:0v f,:1.1u:v9r:vlJ'luYt9lu lna 1{fl ao{ l?o:ilmcr{lJfl40{flou
xioRnourunrou uunoon'hJInuilr:rurTluirrufi fi nr:ooru rnro{nao {ri{dr 0r
""y. I .", aA : ' ' !-l-r0rtlirY.r 1d3olnltaclnHanrEe uon0]nu:vuvrrwoiuJtc€ilnuru{lluognu
rfl qfl aoauniunror'slo.rnr:rfi urirlfl unno'rlrturn:govlir{r,orrJrvqrnnri'rfi"ov#ur,{-r,j.r-j,:Ara:
lu tHroTt0-tituldiln 9t.!09lmunltt nuut on1,0tflno{d.tu tlu 0{l0tndoutu''l0lu ltuu9tu
| -e 4rJrvE:; uruvrnri rn a r{n a o{ o r0 ncfi f,nuusrilu ilrvE rrurudrfittuol
,tGunil:vE:ruru q rnar{Rao{ulluuidr check Gates ttio chJt n"grtuto.s ttoi
aaae & t !a-urlfififionuusriluvio:sururirfi.r6un'ir ctrecr eipes riru'udruci'iril:vrnillnoc
ir tfirJ:vo:curumolil
nnrrnao.rrfluilrseiru'rulir fioroocrfluil:yrnrrrr.rri",rl',ur.,rrlrri 1or"*or.-! "vtype Regulators) llSOUtytRnStU lUUlaOn lglu'lu l&!! (UndershoFtype Regulators)
kivi.r z rJ:unn uosdorrsuruirocaiorJouofi wl#rjiurorrirdrdudluadruulsi
Inalilrflu:vduf r (n) urnriu}J drx:"unannr:iiruaorrurorJri0syulufl nd1
r93
nar{nao{il;oyi orvurumnrirnar{ndo{nr1iilfinrriu16urfiufi ldndrrurudrluc f, !, !, ,la,rio.rrtou:c!rudr rsorsurulirrhnnoo.rrilriruioyio:suruilrnnao.rd.tilr
lrn',roun,rrossisrn:rrdounrrufunr(stabiliry) drur:0drun:{du
tolri"rldlnu}irndou6'r (sLiding) unaflfinnjr (overtumhg) lun:ol'fi1#ururflu
uiura'ou (slide Gate)uio sroplogs 'hioe:1#riurJiuror{fiurnn'ir z run:3/iurfio L9
![ayun?tuanfl0.tutu:Jtrernu 1.5 lufl: r :is0rnr nl nu{nuuru lfiutn
ri'roti r.rrJrrq :rr',oruri',nu.'ooao.rfi drri'ryt0.: In:r nr:yarJ:ymru
fl ar.rsir.r 1 luil:;urn1nu6o
l.) ilrservu'rulr:vronrmfl : 0 lunaor:vfi r{arf r'.rrfl u n a o.rrioiraru
1u qjror Inrrnrrra rJ: yrnru ih f,nld
z.; :J:vq:zururo{un uasJ:go:yurolnnnrvrfiuulunnorfuurvr-th-A a ':fnfiufl unao.rcilriraruluniro'rIn:.:nr:ra rvrrufuurm-Jrdn
:.; rJ : r q r r u r u f rJ ( n r u a y il : s e r c x r u u r.: u BI''l u r r ri rir rio u ryt.r l #r fl u,!,t
na o.rri.rriraralrnitolln:.rnr:ta :srruurj rriou
+.yrJ: zq: v u ruriru yis Tu atiuac:J:rq:vu ruta u r:nfi or:silu uriirJ.ra !(y{r:ufr {If,rilun do'r d{drfi rul?rqjto.rInr.:n.rrroil:rvrru qn:ror rj
6.g rJ:rg:rurumorlrrurrirrn (check-drops)
a t li y i o j y !riluil:cn:curumnrirfr af r.:tu uil?ufr df r.rdrnn(oropr;Inuair.rrfl u
! . eA - I rrO'ln]:O?t60?nu (Combination Structures) U lnnoUYllllll-lTldA luyl n.:'l]U [ 0U0itnU
- t , . ,;- - !nrrrinrryr: ru-onaorpior an:lri'unr rirurJ:l4rrulu orit0yrtlnriryrinur:ynuilr,t 4 .rd e ,, '
j.y- '
juynlurltuoomtt lrrutsou f,{o1u9l o.:fl]r dlu'rr0dnur trn nao{f,{u'r t0fiso?n
rJn6orai'rou.,n.,rrr'udlirro1ufi nno{aarin-ulilu1nu-ndrfi 1fl a
, t i- rry- I .l d a r r - Iljluululjrln llon l2nUUlflnn{ungl unao{nu tguc lun?ttnu 1.00 tugtttuo
rjiruronirlunao.:hirnu z.s au.ruer:/iurii
lunr: oonuur.rosclo.tfl rrof, ountrrrrlun{(srabiliry) arlr:osfi uur.ro'u
,rouirldlaalj,ndouoirlsUainduasy{nnnjt(overtumins) rriu16orfiuornr:oju1fit, I Jlonol'!lI1llo?
194
;rJfi S.f Cn."t Drop with Weir
,J.
^?riv t'3
JG
-l
;rJfi s.+ Check Drop with slide Gate
r*- ':,-f '
t+i{i,$,
-) ,-..\-
I
r1t.
lli t;a:
F
. ':t
lrJd s.s Constant-hcad Orifice Tumout
I
-::*
iii
F
t-,
a':
E::
,.ll
{
I
r95
6.4 il:vq:vurgrirrJrnnaortotl (Distributary ead Regulators, Turnouts)
ilr;Ervuruilrnnas.rryourfl uil:vn:surul.rioyio:cxrurdurdurnuil:r4a r , . 'jry , y ta d t
,tu'lul.tSoyto:tulu lnflao{rrlu lxryfl lonal?u' ta2 [tout u]olann?ltytt1g
:Jirronirfiluar.irurioun'irr]:yn:yuru rnnao{dlulunifilrinrirruruflr rJ:aslt&
r&uru rnflao{.rur,r,o',u',lrrurJ:gnru?irfirufi,irrflu6'o.rair.:1ifirJ',nouuoruJc t)-
-!;, r, er,,4
{ nfl1ulytr ly1llflu-rYt u'rfruu ayn'lunulJr uluu 1u d'r[11fla0{9[ou9raon[2a10'r tuu
:Jrvq:;rruilrnnaoirsoufi aonr2ar tfi hifirJ:vqruulu rnnao{ryounvei'rrirhild
fla
il::rnu:J:r4:vuru nr:r,iruru rJiuruilr ru rnso'::vuruilruavfi dn
flr:fio'r:0r'rfl?rlriun.rto.rrl:v4:luru lnnao{qouriu l#u6'nnr:rdurriuriurJ:rq
rvuru:Jrnnao{druluqiu r o 4 r a d. ' a a, ,a a
nlufla nnl: d.:u 10 0?'Ifld0.:ryout un ao.:lroullju n ao{d{u1 lt4tlnflumaa--t-^,'rylo4elvrlr an lnuqtrna0{q0ut{uR?luduv{utnu?f tr.tululn 01ttju60.t6fox?n
, c oouYd '- 3ilJ: u'r0ru lyrdirnlln00.:l0unaonr?a1 uac00{rnurto9l l?rfl0n?uquil:u]uu1110&
ii rul#u ridu fi n'u lu rns,n uu., ryuoa'ruri, u o n0 rndd6o'rFu rBr lirfi d{Fiil ilrvfl
rsxrurJrnnaoirdruluqiudrfiovn:rurJiurorrirfi4rgrfiu}JIounrr:r,no,,urn',ri]{ .t q rt,|r,9runruvtl.r Iufl ao{rYlu tHtu lqa'10
. j '
u, ,
' , r edr r^ j , t
n1tfliru rFt 1ul1l l nn ao {$oufl2t nv91 0.: ditrt 1 tu lJ: u't0lm 0 nfl o.:ttu
- ! A , , ' . , o - J - - ! qy Au 0u frituuY[J:ve:cx'tu lnna0.loitgr0{un1:fl afl {r'tuuitfl lJu l ti lfl 0n?uqu
! -; d ; a', ^ lYttUlUul n:olYlljlut UU'lU[nU? (single Gate) 01n ['i Board Crested Weir oflo.l [?
e t .l^ i <r) a ^ ! t ?vlrlU tyflttututytofl:?n doutJr uroru lluJunulu n lFl H: oo rnoa0{oufl5ol2fi: ' .c u,
U 1(Measuring Dcvices)OlJ [i [I Parshall flumes, Constant head Orifice, Romijnd a- i -l .r,
weirs ltaYln:O.UJO2flu lruO0U lllUglU
t't
196
ii'i i;r '
ii{:.a.
1Jd S.o Precast Tumout Structure
1ilfi 5.7 tumout Structure with Slide Gatc
D.rai,rr!l
1 d 5.4 Constnr,t-heacl orificc Tumout
t"
ni
T1'
'.f''/;
[.
.i
:if,' =
it
is:r .:i r4,
t
li
197
6.5 Olollltlr,$ll(Division Structures). J * : r, i d . ,t; ' l" , ! .0lnl,Iulu lnJu 0 ]nlt vl fl:'l'txulv{ 0Yt'tHu lYlttu.tu 1 lunaotditu 1l.t: o
' r iq rrr ) t a ' yA , !flofl{u1l'l{ l a(Uldnao':ltun 2 dlufi:0utnn21 9t201n1to10 0cfi'l rltytuu{u1
I"o*roriuu,*flriolryv,louniorfluuturJ:carflnrflnrirrirl:.lt#rr,torio{nrrfi16'aAr,y ii , ! .yJ
nrorlr !u9r o.rnlt?alJ:ulolu 1110lnlrrlu{u I ntruaou lxull aairu rio,rlru hllou.r .ri e v '- ! - , ! 'fl:.r firldiruuasdn?nd nrfrfrdo{nr:inil;urflli.rr.riori.rrirrilrirnno.!uunnoulu
rJiurorfirnjuoufi:yri'urjrfioonuuu'1{ (Availabte geaal rinu'urLldrJru (weir) rflu
ornl:n-{riuiliuruir lnurirnunnrrrun{r.rrfl u#odrufirLrjirrarrirfi riornrr rdoJr , e . , ! ,, i , r e tul r14nfl lu lflru lro1flr:rlu.ru lua? ulnr I ol,lurluHrurrTrhJ'lunao.ruunlu
;,0fl tlrt?uY tuuoll tnuogl tu ufi
, ! -! - i A y t,,o 1 Rlt rt ! .r u r U vi.r t rj n fi r n a' o u d ro'l d (V ova ble) rr ar lu- o fi ilf u
ld(aajustatte) ilrolu^orlirkiovrfl u nr:rJiu:;a'un?rxq{tord'urhuniodu:r.ru
lurru16.rrdorJ:-urJiurilnr:'!Horirurholfi orndoudroldornno'od.r1fl un:su
lrrame; firr{lu:rdrult0tnd0udrutJnn#.r1u:'or (Groove) firi'rornr:lrirniodor
n1t Ititlu
otiul:fisrrrurnaobikirJiurorrirfiruiusu drrfl uslo{oonrruul#Qnslo{;. u da . - ! ,, a - jrrcro
It6gtHUlCflU 'lflmUnn010lgvt1':lurg9luulnvflotflito.ltsouvt
lqnlu?8ro0nll u
li lnuorrld}?iarr;rri'1soq cre"lo,ol{ln'or:rodouxalsdl{1u fi 1d
O.o. J:vE:;urmlarsnao{d{rii (Tait Regutatorg Tail pipes)
ilrci:::Jru:Jarunao{d{drfi a-nuoryrdu16urdurJ:&nrsuru rJrnaao.t
' ! a | 3 - s c ta tA - ' !d':u't ttS0lJI gntiltlultou lnat{na0{ 0yfl nnu nttg[ltu{l.tulytl0ituutytluu
:J:vr:suruilaruri.rrirfirrirfi r rjrvnrr 6o
I. ll'lr,ru lYr Iu u lJ:r0r riuluyr Flu 1na1{frooiull.r { qnm'lu [ufl40.: dru 1
! a - i' 'rrrru'oil:yn1#ar6.rr:6'rrirl#nr:rfilfiklflrr,eiorf,lUUUttr00n au1 lunao{r'l
nlt
fl!u1
2. tlrn uri'r r u 6 o 1 #1 u n a o.r vr' r a r { m r l : ; u r uri rt r : u v r sr' fi rJ a r un a o.r
t98
ziiit-
1ild 5.9 conc."te D,ivision Box
:ilfi S. to ProPortional Division Box
9-
g-
1Jd S.f f Concrcte three-way Division Box
".
il
t99
:. :lo.rfiuIil#rirluy'',,,rrr',rilrr:urro'fi ilarunnorrilrirlnadou, . , j i- . * 'rr1!r lunaofl laun2uiluytriulurtoln:rnr:varJ:cilru ldlurrarfi :sdrf rlur4r.r
i ' - rdrldnr:rfirufi1unao.rri.rrirtUlJ-lUU 1f ttUYlnd.:n?1tYn1
rJrvE:ruruilarunao.:rirrirriluornr:ra :ynru6nrfrnd.:d.:6rrfl ut, y \ra , !doraixlilunaorri.:rirqnil:rrnmrrarlndrurdu16u'lfiirJ:;q:ruturltnnao{ri{
irrJ:cs,:suraJu',rouuoriori''d.roosfianuoryrflurJ:ysr:suruirr::unr do,5un
ir Tail Regularors ttagolnotlflu :zsr:yuru :srnn:curudr{tuururj:go! "u(overpour-rype) l.ltolj:3[nutsu]uu'l0o tautulJtsfl (Undershol-type Regulalors)
du, i ddar ' iJ. ' .l ,, ,- :A en loltglul{mnlIJU O: gU'lUU'lg.lt:Un?] tai] pipes t{[ta2l lgl?llJ:ll10IUlmnggl0.t
!ay.ttulum-.t 0yulnfliorioudry:-uu f,nnt:ri tu':arru ro:J:yorsuiu:Jarundo{u:.oyio
rcuru arunao{ lroynirri'ru?uiliurudrfi:yrruyr-rn.i1#Ha'nnrltiut6urriuriufi\e I ya A , , J a , , ' tlanal2ultta? t t:ot :cgltyu luna0{ dtu 1t,l: oyt0:ylJ'tu 1nfla0{ntu'l
tt
sTrodr{ilrso:vuruil nruna o{ d.ril rfi ti r6'rurolln:{nrrrail:cmru
fi arrcir{ 1 luilrvrnrluufio
l.) Jssoreururi'r:rlrorlnr.:nrisailrcmlufuurvr-rJrfndrrir.rlifi
rJarunao{fuuryt-ihdn
z.; il:r4:;ururinlr.iro.rIn:'rnr:rarJ:gmrurniri'rrToodraitlflurnjort
uluou
r.yrJwg:vurulni'n5;urtolln: ': n1: yaJ:uyr ru Elr::orqidr air.rlilurrilritqu::or
,,: -6.7 ttod{urlirul (Farm-Turnouts)
* i- oro L,t u o]n1:mrl ': aoa [9tnun60{gtlu[[u 2yt.1doitt]irxo{na0.!G oullaEflao.r
llUnlrou tv{ otUu'lnlnnA0{d{U'lll,]nu 1 lUtt A{Ul(Farm Ditches) l'lt0fllUllt al
tfl rsilQnInuor{ riourciruioyfl rl{uinorfi rfl ufi q.rrfl u:suy'l ldilr{riuurnfn rdo
hir{u fi nr u:JEnldiurirlnurirdr Inur.l nor-r rq nfuliru q nnutr{d{ fi iufi il:c ur0rr, d' ! t e t ' u d ,- Jj' ' , J e d
300-500 ]t 0iuYtod.:u ]rt,]u 1 I yrD our.: l: nfl1u1l:u'r0lulyrd.rHluyrDll rs9ro.:ll{uir
. -!A t " ,!!,'uodrriufiufintrvrJqnluuonri.rritur-ud2u ntli'nntrnrs0luritluruJnlrnrvrJqnov i d, eA d4 ! - ! -lll fllr-lldUolUUllulYl1,OltnUn: n: ?EnltnnOr{OeU'l(Farm Ditches)l'l:OEU]fl2
200
r ril a.r nionrn'or ldlridu
r.iru1ilollru:riruilal
ttnr tcdl4f RtYl
rie ri.rJrr{ru rdru rurnf uuldvionou ni qnaururnrdud rqutinan
0.20-0.50 rua: firJrnvioocfirhyiou:"outuil:rqarolirrovorofirn:ro.ru'oinirfioli
dro rliuruirfi ri{druviorioirnirurrfl urjilrruirfi 1#oir oml#rfl uafio'n14o
il:cnounr: dru ro,rrrirrynntrgdurioirqiohJ
A - ! , , ! y e,r.w"o iu ri r o r nri o a r ri rr"flru r"f r hJ {uil a.rrn tv J 6 n rio
rirl#arrur:on:vo',,i1#;rr.'urinrrvrJon}1otixfi ro'.r
ussorlHRrrJ
203
u::oltuft?u
L Booher, L. J.,Surface Irrigation., F.A.O. 1982
2. Chow, V.T., Open-Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book
Company,Inc 1973
3. Israelsen, O.W. and V.E. Hensen, Irrigation Principles and
Practices, Thrid Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc 1967
4. Jensen, M.E., Desigr and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems,
Fort Collins, Colorado 1983
5. Sehgel, P.P., Design of Irrigation Structures, Khanna Publishers
1983
6. United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclaimation,
Design of Small Dam., Second Edition, Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co., New Delhi 1974
7. United States Depadment of Interior, Bureau of Reclaimation,
Design of Small Canal Structures, Denver, Colorado 1978
8. Vezirani & Chandola., Irrigation Eng.ineering., United States
Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclaimation, Khana Publishers,
New Delhi 1983
A?r. irlati qiUUrIrQa nfrnnr:rail:vyr1u 2sz6al
10. ?uau Iqffi l:Qa rlos oflrro 0u8cr0r [y{ 5 ?ur?urlu.r ]u nlt
rJ:vqua'rulurrf;.rrJfl'ri6nr: rdo'r nr:rJfu:Jqrnrryail:vmrulu
rJrurvrfl lmu, rsu.r tl.r:.r 2529
11. olor o^umiilra^sr ro nar:rj:v nount:dou ivrnr: ruruuuav
oonuuU:yrUd.rri t iI:rfiar,) ZSZz
nm9{u?R
207
Iln ll'ln)t I
n!1.0 +000
" ,t9i10 ultl-l-l: n1 10llll11nfl aotd{1lt
q,, , ; a i{ ' d,tnlllln llio0ntluu flaon'd.l1l'l 2L u11 3.900 nu. fl1ltfl]lrll o c[lt uto0 nt ullflnflt
r'irirl l itrrrrr t+ rrnnfill.lrirufi
-60$,$c
nil.0
1o sli
+ro\'2801\
Lts1
lJ.2+8@ze5h'
k
320IJ n tJ. 0 +7 00
s 1o11./
n:'l. 1 +200
24il1 ,/2 66\i nr. 1+?00
3801i/
22 oli n:J.2+200
3001,:/; >=/ \--/ ntt.3 ng.r,- ,i
4odi
Il:i,,3-rl-a
180\i
3 4 o\'j
305\i
{
'l#riru ruru rnn ouoruoo-,rd rirnunb?
208
!Al1l0l1IA :ynlu (irrigable area) =
lAflllC (Warer Dury)
AlnnAO{ (Longirudinal Slope,S) =
Maruring'n (n)trAlqglA{ Ss
Critical Velociry Vo
vlr'o =
nr:riru rnrr lilrnrrirlunnoldlf r
to Z, nuo,dufido
o.oools u.3/iu]fi/ld
l:8000
0.025
l:1.5
g.r59 90.66
0.80 0.! l.l0
uun
?Efi'lu?m
nr: riru ror os'ld Marming,s formuta riou nr:ritururu tqnoo.rri.rrir ovslo*irfl1:r.rrraellqnfiovilrriodlri"rrdrur ratfirJ:y,irrronti.rrir :J?urnrrirfiovd.rhi,r,onri'rli1 *asrjirro'i"rfiovclolrirdrunno.rri.rrirlurir.rcir.r
1 ni,re,iolrJfi'
::0:lllt (n!.)
(n{ll
runnrilf r o'lu pla ime rEr luofiunnri,uir
( l:)ttn r,l.l t/21 atu I 2 1 lD'.lt 1l{}lrq rnrJ::trru
rjilrorrlr
J::{runn
!.nu11l
iliIrot r
lrn0{d.r
!.'/lU rn0+O0O
0+'100
0+700
I +20,0
I 1700
2+200
2+800
3+300
0+100
0+700
I +200
I +700
2+2OO
2iE00
3+300
3+900
ll
t3
I
3
5
7
9
'10
t2
t4
2
4
6
8
320
280
195
310
260
240
220
380
180
300
340
285
305
400
256
224
156
24a
208
t92
116
30,1
IM
240
272
228
244
120
0.0461
0.0404
0.0281
0.0447
0.0375
0.0346
0.0317
0.054t
0.0260
0.0432
0.0490
0.&t I
0.0440
0.0576
0.57t8
0.492X
0.4195
0.3474
0.2609
0.l9r?
0.1016
4015 3212 0.57t8II
209
nlnqA: Manning,/s Formula:
v ( l/n) R2/3s l2Ad
lljqonao{rl r nu_ 0+000 o{ 0+100
0.s788 lJ.3/iurfi
(b+l.sd)d
b+itr;126
A/P
(b+ 1.sd)di(b+(13) t2d)
dlr ! 91 b = 1.00 U.
A = (l+1.5d)d
P = l+t312d
R = (l+ I.5d)d/( r+l3l2a1 = 1a+t.sa21/(l+13lPd)
V = Q/A = (l/n1 P2/3512
0.5788/(d+I.5d2)= (1/0.02s) [(d+1.sd2)/(l+13 | l2qfq11ooo11 12
1.2s4 = (d+ t.s621s/3711a 131i2612/3
Inui6 Trial and error method
dlluel'd=0.88u.llyrurirl,rl{911uri1fi oro'rd n1:
ng la (0.88+l.s+0.882)5/37i11tllP*0.s8)2/3 = 1.268 u.3/iurfi',u{uoun'I] 1.294 u,-1l'ru'l1l
d!il6 d =0.89 u.
Yll.lt2luao = (0.89+1.5*0.892;5/r7i1+ 1: rP*0.89)2/3 =,.rrg 1.37iurfiq ,..tnalflu{ E 1.298 u.r/1u]n
a1rJ1d: 1.00 u.
0.89 lJ.
(l.l.sd) d = 2.08
t+tl l2a = 4.21
A/? = O.494
( lin) R2i3s l12
1.2
a
P
R
IJ
IJ
b
d
P
R
a
210
Uo.02sxo.466)2/3( r/sooo) l2
o.zsq ru./iurri
1.86t0.269 = 0.499 t.3/iurfi
o.+rss u.3/iurfi
1.00 u.
0.77 lJ.
(l+1.5d)d = t.66
l+(13;126 = 3.78
A/? = 0.439
(r/0.02s)*(0.439)2R (J1noo1l 12 !.fiurfi1.66*0.258 0.428
0.4I9
o.:qz+ u.3/iurfi
r. tlrld u
u. oclei a
v.2 A
U.PlJ. R
!.tiurfi vr.3/iurfi a
= 0.80
= 0.75
= 1.444
= 3.505
= o.4t2
= 0.248
= 0.358
u./iurfr
u.3/iurfi
)
la
tluu9l
ab
d
P
R
y.2
U.
U.
u.-'l?u 1Yi
u.r/2u1ri.)
t5b
ta
1.00
0.70
r.435
3.526
0.407
o.246
0.353
a
1IJ
d
P
R
a
ab
d
P
R
x.2
U
U
.> )
o.zooc u.3/iurfi
0.80 u.
0.65 u.
t. 154 u.2
3.1.14 !.0.367 !.
a
0.299
o.264
211
lJ./?utu
u.r/1u'tyt
U
).) .,
ab
d
A
P
R
a
o.l9r7 u.3/iutfi
f.i 0.80
0.57
0.943
2.8-55
0.330
0.214
0.201
ti
u.2
U
U
u.iiurfi
u.liurfi1 j
o.roro u.3/iurfi
0.80 u.
0.41 1.t.
0.58
2.278
0.25s
0.180
o.roq+ u.3/r'urfi
t11 Freeboard., F
0.20+2.20d [!91:{
u[lJ0 nru dn, o.ritlu n o o crfl u ru sl :
a
b
d
P
R
a
1
F
d
d
F
d
F
d
F
ltua
AM
0.89
0.20+0.2 (0.89) = 0.?S
0.70
0.20+0.2 (0.7) = o.r+
0.41
0.20+0.2(0.41) = 0.29
.tllJO
22
nt:1.1lldn{:lun3lou9lrrn:tutnlJo{fl aot?t.lu'l ( lnuylqul)
nll. 0.1 nrJ a R n s B D F
0.000 0+100 0..5 8l ) 08 o.2'19 o.494 0.025 l:8000 r.00 0.89 0.40
0.100 0+700 o.499 1.86 o.269 0.466 0.025 l:8000 1.00 0.83 0.40
0+700 l+200 0.428 t.66 0.258 0.439 0.025 t :800O 1.00 0.7't 0.40
l+200 I +700 0.353 t.44 o.246 0.407 0.025 l:8000 L00 0.70 0.35
l+700 2+2OO o.264 I .16 o.229 0.367 0.025 l:8000 0.80 0.65 0.3-t
2+2OO 2+80O 0.201 0.95 o.2t4 0.330 0.025 I :8000 0.80 0.57 0.35
2+800 3+300 0.105 0.5 8 0.r80 0.255 0.025 l:8000 0.80 0.41 0.30
3+3o0 3+900 0.105 0.58 0.180 0.255 0.025 l:8000 0.80 0.41 0.30
BmL irttuuuJl'unnogBmR
n!. ot n!. HL HR B-1 Bng T1 Tp R1 Rp H!lUll.t 9l
0+000 0+100 1.19 t.79 ,> 00 1 00 ) 00 6.00 flno.lnu
0+100 0+700 t.71 1.73 2.00 1 .00 2.00 6.00 nno{ou
0+?00 I +200 r.6'1 r.67 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 flaot9u
l+200 l+700 I _55 1.55 2.00 ) .00 2.00 6.m flaa{au
l+700 2+2Oo L50 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 Rao{ou
t.422+2O0 2+800 t.42 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 RAOi9U
3+3002+800 l.2l t.2t 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 flaotRu
3+3O0 3+900 l.2t ,>I I 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.m flnotglu
IIIIIIII
:!f,usrltG!
T1
F-1H
FH;l
TR
213
nr:6ruror:;ausir.r 1 lulr.lderoruul2fl aor
Slope Yl0.:na0l = I :ti000
Jauun0 m]{rlu 8000 u. :r.0ullfln0'1.:
1000 u.
11'l.tt'lu l0(n
r00
500
6m
1700
3300
39m
luglt:i nufl1.l
lu9t:
su.
CIU.
6!u.
cIU.=
SlJ.=
UlJ.=
SU.=
cllJ.=
$ll.=
= I00
= 100/8
= 12.50
= t2.50
= 1.25
= 6.25
= 7.50
= 21.25
= 41.25
= 48.75
+100.000
100.000-0.0t25
+99.9875
+99.9875-0.0750
+99.9125
0.0125 u.
0.0625 rJ.
0.075 u.
0.2125 u.
0.4125 lJ.
0.4875 u.
dr}{:cdu?io+nao{fi nu. o+ooo
\t) i0y lgtmo{nao{m nu. 0+100
0+700
:JA!U1r nU. 0+700 oru 2 ftl
l. nouo.r FTo :,AU
2. rA{ FIo ti9lu
i d d. rad.nu. ou 1 n lr?f nlu'turxulnu?nu
= +99.9125r{.830
= +100.7425
= +99.9125+0.77
= +100.6825
5ilOOO..ltJtm' ,(PRoF|LE)
214 |
+
'ul,tg.nu;g
naa.:f,ofi(louyrqud )
Ngooioca'tt
8+"{OC
;t-S
sBFllo l.o
Iq,-f(r)
$(f)
8Iol
F(v
oo1".+
8N+
srl;F
Tt
oO,qoo+
OF
do
gjoF
II
Nqoa+
ooo+
o
rtq)
+
OF
cio
Ioio
T c
f-
6+
6tda+
[:.lGt
octc
.6t
Paat?
oln@Ooo
qFoE
I
li
.5
.?.6)l
F(ll
I+
C
l'-
ao0i
_l
ooq.:FO
ou)
oFEII
I
*h?E
ora,q)o@+
@
OFq r.:FO
q.TA
oE,l
(l
cto+
N@@oo+
o+
83-ci
:oFL
I
@Ft-@cio+
a-Ioo+
F@qoCD
+oooc;o.o!
E8gE.r+
I
a 5
r. nrrf,onrulern2rrln{r.:rolriornaor hirdonturnornrir u drqnrvirnr o.+o r.
uayhfl#rurolmqjdr4n 1 o.zo r. riudsrrn 0.4o u. rflu o.oo u. 0.80 rl. r00 u. flr!
drri':.rl:J ouo'.r z.4o !. 2.s0 . rir u fi1nqjn'ir z.so l. lfl#turelrrqjdrnioa, o.so ,;" " ,! ! ", -
. [1j0u0r 5.00 u.nl b 11 lr.rNn?] 5.00 !. hilulo lHrulun:to! 1,00 !. tllouort 10.00 rJ
.uacrir u filnnin'ir ro.oo r. l#tfrufiu.irrny 2.oo ru, rdu lo.oo u. r2.0o u. t4.00 u.
n]lJ alau
2. nr:16onturanrrua'nro.rrirlunaor}?16onrurnrir a rirqn o.zo l. rrartfru4li ! , ,r,.rtunt.:a, 0.05 u. lru 0.20 1r. 0.25 1r. 0.30 u. tlnsoo [![:0u .l
3. o rnr:lu nao.r ri.rilr u o nolno;flornr:iuririlrnnao.r (Head Regutator) rlaio1nlt
:cururj"rilarunao{ (TaiI Regulator) rr#rf,ioyslo.riornr:rT.rdurirnar.:nao.: (Check
I d .i; ! y .l :Reqularor) 0u:31121{9tu nao{l tagu aluna0t0n lfl0yt0yylau1u1{filulHu ou 11o.lo]n1:u.rd i ayl ' e I t ! ,hifi:edrq.rrfiulrnsfioybiilrlnardtviori,:rirrdrur (Farm Tirmout - rro.) lriaysrrn
- I iuy. a u, ,, . ,urr- !Rruu 01nlr tnn'lulurtatl1luultlJU t1[a?o10lsu]ulfllu 201 lltu l9l9l,ru :
flao{qflnm I n!.
tx
nao,:a?n11 ,
l+300
0.5788
1.00
0.90
2.t l5
4.247
0.498
0.281
0+000
ab
d
A
P
R
o.l
LJ.rnu'lYt
tJ.
U.
tJ.
lJ.
U.
U.
a = 0.5e4 1.3/iurfi
nU. l+300 0{ n!. 2+300
o.tqq u.3fiulfiab
d
P
L00
0.70
1.435
3.526
lJ.
lJ.
y.2
lJ.
ta
Q .= 0.353
n!. 2+300 0{ n . 3+{0
2t6
0.407 u.
0.246 u./iurfi
u.3/iurfi
o.rgrz u.3/5urfi
R
nao{u?.i}] 3
flao{a?nm 4
la
t!
U
U
IJ
U
a
b
d
P
R
a
0.00
0.60
r.020
2.965
o.?44
0.220
0.224
u./?u'rYt
u.r/?u1vt
u.r/?u 11'l
U.
U.
lJ.:
lJ.
lJ.
u./?uru
u..,/?ulyt
y.2
danrJ. 3+400 fil :+9oo (nao.:fr{ilr)
ab
d
A
P
R
a
0.1016
0.80
0.45
0.664
2.421
0.274
0.189
0.125
BmL
F-l
217
f
BmR
ctlrl(ilt fl et: lunz[6uqt la3ru1nfl aor?iflj1 llnurJfr :ifi ;
nl.r. 0 .t 11lJ. a R n s B D F
0+000 l+300 0.591,' I t5 0.28t 0.498 0.025 l:8000 t.00 0.90 0.40
l+300 2+300 0.353 I 435 o.246 0.407 0.025 l:8000 t.00 0.70 o.35
?+300 3+400 o.224 1.02 0.22 0.344 0.025 l:8000 0.80 0.60 0.3.5
3+400 3+90o 0.125 0.664 0.189 o.2'14 0.025 l:80O0 0.80 0.45 0.35
n!.nt nlJ. H1 Hp B-1 Bnp T1 Tp RL Rp H!1urHq
0+000 l+300 1.80 1.80 2.@ 2.00 2.00 6.00 Rnotnu
l+300 2+300 l.55 1..55 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.m flaatou
2+300 3+400 !.45 1.45 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.m nao{ou
3+400 3+900 r.25 1.2.5 2.@ 2.00 2.00 6.@ flno.r0u
TgTR
'irltrutrllrono!
:sfruc$rf,!H ;rH
: il oToor uurr ( pRonLE ) nno..:ri s rir t Io uil fl ri6 t
218
3qoOeo++ 8o
+
IQsEs
8@+
8E+
8F+
oo+
i
cto+o
eE
.FPrr+ao )a
9aoo
sEoFE
I
t--
8+
I
l-lc
l?
@..|oo+
I
Ioooo
(\ljoFL
IIo
o'F!-I
or
1o6f
8+
LHlo'
+
cE-c.E
€P
,3cGCo
-aG
t1OFr9
@r.:ciFLL
I
I
oqo
iodoFl!I
-IPrBd lciolot l*
oi
+
a66CgF
{.P
-.c_
Gc,
I
s.
dFE oq
C6}
r5l.l
dF
I
qa
.gGI
-?_ll
\
II
Ilci
?Y,
oqcc5
-:.5?acr.,CaoI
Iooooodcioro
III III
II
!II
I
IlllIIT
l[
ffi
'u tr't.ng:t
I
219
ntnflu?n 2q9 4 /
0l?0U1{nlt tInOUfl ?[O0t Spread sheet 11 11U]nn n0.f
lunrrfi orrslrrdonl#rurnnaoldlirdnrru rs arflu slope to'rdu
6u Sia" Slope ttoY Critical Velocity TourJnO'oylffi trial & error doulto,o 6 r.:t net a / " a ?
Yl I tl'll6lUt?AlUln nlt tAnO y{?tgl0l Spread Sheet nlu ?OltlAUllul{r{ An It,onru?oloonurnou ua?uluruoi:olrr6onovrirldasn?nuayyrnrf 1n'i1
ornsi'todt{luilfi zz t oyr#ulri'jrri rfi r:.l6uuurJa.r (variables)08
9 . o rA I st , a i r,0l0.lulUl tdno fl'l Ss, n, S n?lUn?]{nna0.: (B) ttanl'lrl0n (D) t:UoU fl'llu
:dan'lu sectioncio}JtcrYl-ufi av 5 ryu. 6i?ufit (C) lu Kennedy's Critical Velocity
"7 a o, r vuutaon txflluaunl0{nu fl a nl:nlu-ror nvflu110ofluln{flltlil
er rr r{r4lir 221 u dty 223 rfl ufl a n'r:fi ru ?ruril;uurfi uuru{orrj6uurirdt
Longirudinal Slope tUu I :60fl) ttdl l:8000 otlu.itfiu rirurirodul n.rl#rir
16ua6'u
*!-rF+==.?-.F-=?-- f-.-
121
Crld A.ction (CS) f..-lo oao
o.loo
S -t
!.9o 02!
f-ell0 s65
o 5.1
o.loo
o 654
orlt
.ttt.n.lyt6..o(=< =inpul lin. rlndt.oil -< =n.r .or....ndy.o =
<=O.r...ndtlo.mt.'t=coara. .lll -
f;.;tf ",",1
0
tm l (m) (m ^2)
F
('n ) (m.)
l-o,rol qill
o.ao
oa0o.a0
0.40
oao
o.l5
0 rro
o.a!
olo
o lcSt0.2350
o !2alo..ooo
o aalT
0 5r5o
r a0t a
I 4ll7t 66r c
t a.2a
2 0224
2.202a
o t6alo car0
o csleo er9,o.eota
0 got!
o l75or ootlI raoo
r 2t3a
I a53o
r l93t17600
I etll2.l r !o
a 5o0o
! rllaa 015o
a.2al!
a.a.3l
5 r35o
5:tl!l3.7a00
6.O5tt
t alt,r llr e
2 0422
2.ao?a
2 5llr2
'65!
3 !O!a
a 2!5t! attll
a a2a,
6 006e
a lar2!.1475
4.5.76
o raaa
o I f21
0 reaa
o 2t7to.2sl2
0 26lo
0 r l7lo2!r!o 2!50
o 2ll20.2!0e
o 3034
0 !25'
o 5476
o aroa
o ts3c
0 6rc6
o ,023
o72ae
o raef
o taaz
0 raoo
o t757
o.t!67o,ree2
02t!t
o a02a
o lrlco!ar2o 1005
o lcel0 aollo ai aa
0.alla
0 02!lo o.olo o!a2
oor.l0,oe6l
o.t 2t a
0 0!!loo72a
o oea5
o,taoz
o.taea
o r arc
o 2202
o r raa
0.2r66
o 25ae
0 lotto 3970
I oa12
t 200f
r !2oa
r !ar 2
1 f2t,r laea
2 02.4
2 rt6t
0 rloto !aa9
o rca.
o 2oa!
o.2r eo
o.2t12
o 20lt
o 2!42
0.2.90
0.2tt2o2ffo0 2co!
o laao
o lra6o sll0o seo2
o aro2
o.2t0o a!1,o..a!o .421
o 5a5o
o lraao 5ll0o.!ot2
o.t02o atr00.!r,o.a2!o.72'o.ato
r oo20
o 9la!o 9te!o.e37r
0.9ac5
o 9t7lo e2t.
r 00c5
o e9aa
0 ol!90 er!!o e6al
0 clta!
o e.ta
! osaa
! o2lo
r.022!
I Or,,r ot 2tr 0or6
1 oo!2
0 9r!oo.eel r
fqel .'el0 00 o.t!o.lo o.ao
o.ao o a!o 60 0.60
o.ao o.la
0 !o o.co
[--g.]-, sroao oa!oao olo0lo o.tto.l0 o ao
o.ao o a!olo o7o
0 5600
o 6654
0.77S0
0.!otlI O2o0
! !ltar 2950
2 2a22
2 a22a
2 602a
2.?0tr
2 e633
I i.aal a2ta
o 2.e6
o 27.O
o2era0.!2r r
o 5442
o lar00 5196
o 20ao
o 2rloo 2305
0.2a23
o zltao 24.9
0 2r!6
o.ar a0
o.3et,
o..aoo
0.57!t
o.a7l0
o ra3,
0 lcez
0.rat5
o t96e
o 2o9a
o.22t7
o 2t34
ozaaa
0.!ata
o tla.o ,ol,02rao
o2a42
o t.ao0 2a!2
r,oo
r.o0
r.0o
r0ot0oroo
r.oo
r00
ot!o.ao
0c!0r0o15
oaooaa
0.90
2.602t
2 9a5r
a.r 6ta
I l.3aI a2ac
tr.to.2
a 6laa
..2130
o !!220 4365
0 l60a
o aase
o.of20.4t03
0 a55l
o 1ra7
o.ae62
o 23r6
0 2!00
0 2cl?
o 27ao
o 2a!o
0 2e.5
o.!0.to ar.coazlf
o 2aa r
0 2roe
0 2963
0 !504
0.4e3
o !!6.0 6cac
0 6l!7
0 24.2
o.2.eo
0 2tt2o2rroo 2eol
o Soaa
0 3!64
c 32ae
0 5ar2
1ooa2
0 eea2
0 9lt!oe772
o e6et
o e6a2
o t512
o95rc
o5o
1.50 roo
200 too
!.!0!aot.l0r.ao
r.!or.60
t!0
r.o!r ror.tltro1.2!
lao!!!
! oooo
42264
r 4a!o
a roaa
l.ea0o
a2rll4.4050
a 75aa
5.0aoo
o e92o
0 ta75
0 ea2!
0 er!ao tael0 aala
0 earto taa?.
2.OO
2.OO
?.00
200
2.00
2.00
200
2.OO
2.OO
roar !0l,l lt20ltlrlo1!!r.ot.a!
! 0o3a
t rl5a5.066r
a s2o,
a 506o
4 6472
4 4675
f o17a
, 22tO
o a2.a
0 a.llo 6710
o ,2oa
o 7479
o 70r2
o.a3r5
o arr.o saTr
o t9a,
o ar52
o 4212
o.llroaatl0.!oa0.a!ac
I l2oat atllr 5e26
r r!e!
2 0!.c2 22.O
2 aoot
2 Ca!.
a rlao
aooo
t0o
E]
T
C.n.l S.ctlon _(cq)
S. ='
S'lSELE C TE O
. = I -;;:"1t-- -- lc. | 036!l
t-,.1t"",.tl ,o.]
22)
F.-q.0 365
0 546
o loo
07tl
WIo loo
B o(h) {h) (D^2)
oI(6) (n)
[-;.Lje']orto 0so
o.ao 0.a!
o.ao o ao
O,to 0a!orro olo
0 t93lo 25!0
o !2ll
o all,o !7!0
t.6ate
? 0225
2 20aa
o r72r
0.1eaa
o 2tfl0 2!c2
o 2ar0
o r25a
0 la65
0l5oa
o l fat0.r62!
0 o.t,
o oa!a
0 to,r
0.rote
0 rl6a
o 20!r
o 21e0
o 2la2
0 4369
o 6202
o aor0
o fcTa
o 7400
060
o.ao
oao
oao
060
oa!
o!o034
o60
0.a t 50
o.t9l7o.aoo
0 c750
0.r63,o eooo
t 6!r7t a6te
2 0422
2 2224
2 1026
2 !t31
a ,6t3
0ltrto.2 r ll0.2t!0
o 2aa2
o.2loe
o 3os4
o l2a,
01464
0 r56e
o t7o5
o 1lr5o ,9?o
o 2021
o 2 e
0 0.02
o 062t
o oat r
o r206
0 r5a.
o reoT
0 t6leo 166.
0 20!l0 2rlo0 2!a2
o a.ao
o aaa2
o c6rto.a52a
o.a3c6
0 a2ac
0 610,
06ltl
0 6049
060 0!o
oo
oo
0o
o0
0o
oo
o0
oo
t.60
200 r00
otoo.to
ot0olo060
o.6o
o60
oa!o70
0 6630
o 893l
I O20o
,.r546
t 2e5o
2 2.27
2 .224
2 ao26
2 ra5 !
2 9a!3
a ra56
t 3230
o 2e7a
032!!0 a.42
o 36ro
o 3ae6
o r6llo r99!
o 20ee
o 2r elo a2e1
o 246,
0 r2 5!
0 1176
a 22.2
o za.lo loer
o2!00
o 2t12
0 2a90
o 4632
o 2710
0 2e0!
0 t52t
0 64 30
0 6351
o 1260
o 62 t,
o5lo lto
oc5
o70
o13
oao
0aa
oco
o 675C
l oola
r.243!
r aaSo
! 493t
r 7600
r c336
2.rta0
2 ao2a
2 9llr! r!5!3 3a36
! a2st
t ro.2
! al{ 'l
.2aao
c 3,22
o la!50 360a
0 3a!c
o .0r2
o {!o!o 4ltra .141
o at!2
0 2o!0
0 2!65
o.2266
o 2a6a
0.2a 56
o 25!O
0 26ao
o 212,
0.2612
0 rto2
02rr5o 2 564
o 5035
o ta2a
0 5273
o 27.2
a 2.oo
o 2612
o 2rtoo 2eoa
o 5036
o!r6.0 3219
o 3ar2
o ale.o !6e,o 66t0
o t533
o ta6l0 !3e0
o !3.2o 6269
o !2.r
t!or5or.50
r3orlo!.ao
l!o,50
I o_o
lolI tor I5r.2o
!2!t30rla
I 0000
! 4650
l.70lla 9a0o
a.2144
...tt5O
. rall
a t0a6
5 2t!63:t66t
5 a:ra.
51247
! ooae
a ra72
t !a7la 5.rl
0 3,rto a,ol0 0!51
0 a!a!o lreao.ro2!
o.12.e
o r!07
o!rlto t22 t
0 !30I
o 33!O
o t:r5a
o 5544
o 5aro
0 5757
o car!, olo9
t ta36
r 2!r6! !693
r .9roI al to175!O
16934
o !660
o !764
o !taoo lo92
o 1102
o a21o
o l39e
0 t!0e0 6446
0.4430
0.6aea
0 a!!,0132t0 62ee
15000
5 7530
a or 50
.24!a
.6454
! 1l5o
5.354
c 0!5t
! 6036
! 7653
! eatr
a !267
6 !069
4 6612
! a6r!, 0.16
, 2260
o 6'Gl0 t7ao
o aero
o 7204
o 76re
0 7e! 2
0 tl7t
0 3266
0.335!
o 3aa5
o 35' 6
o 3596
o 3a2a
o 3e0r
r rala
t 25t5
I l7t3r lo63
r a!t,r 7rc6
! 0260
2 ort l
2 23eO
2.044
0 36!C
o l7!6o llto0lle2c a l02
0.2r0
o 442!
o .a2t
o 6e5!
o 6e0s
o 6t55
o rloeo at6fo 6r2t0 4666
o t65lo 1617
o a3l.
200
2oo
2oo
200
2oo
2oo
2oo
2.00
200
t.o3
I ro
t t!r20
r5o1.!5
la!
0.