tai lieu bai giang excel nang cao

Cty CP T & PT Vin Thng Min Ty www.hi-phone.com.vn

Nguyn Thanh Long - Excel Nng cao Trang 1

TI LIU BI GING EXCEL NNG CAO TI CN NNG & HI PHNG

(Thit k ring cho Cty CP T & PT Vin Thng Min Ty)

Bui 1: Cc thao tc qun l i tng - Worksheet: insert, rename, move or copy - Workbook:

+ Save, Save as (Menu File) + Open, New (Menu File) + Import Data (Menu Data/Import External Data/Import Data)

Cc hm thng dng: - Cc hm x l chui: Left, Right, Mid, Value, Len, Trim - Cc hm logic: And, Or, Not, If - Cc hm x l ngy thng: Date, Now, Today, Day, Month, Year Chi tit cc hm:

- Cc hm x l chui:

Hm LEFT:

Cng dng

Trch bn tri mt chui vn bn mt hoc nhiu k t da vo s k t m bn ch nh. Cng thc =LEFT(text,num_chars) text l chui cn trch k t num_chars l s k t m bn cn trch bn tri chui text. Lu ! num_chars khng phi l s m num_chars nu ln hn di ca chui th s tr v ton b chui text. num_chars nu b qua th mc nh l 1. V d

d hiu hn, bn c th copy d liu bn trong bng bn di vo mt trang bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc vo.

A B C 1 2

3

SBD H v tn QSA0001 Nguyn Hoi An QSA0002 Nguyn Tn Anh

Cng thc Gii thch =LEFT(A2,3) Tr v QSA QSA l m trng d thi ca th sinh



Hm RIGHT:

Cng dng

Trch bn phi mt chui vn bn mt hoc nhiu k t da vo s k t m bn ch nh.

Cng thc =RIGHT(text, num_chars) text l chui cn trch k t num_chars l s k t m bn cn trch bn phi chui text. Lu ! num_chars khng phi l s m num_chars nu ln hn di ca chui th s tr v ton b chui text. num_chars nu b qua th mc nh l 1. V d

d hiu hn, bn hy copy cc gi tr bn trong bng bn di vo mt trang bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc vo.

A B C 1 2

3


Cng thc Gii thch =RIGHT(A2,4) Tr v 1 1 l s th t ca th sinh trong danh sch d thi.

Hm MID:

Cng dng

Trch mt chui con t mt chui text, bt u t v tr start_num vi s k t c ch nh num_chars Cng thc =MID(text,start_num,num_chars) text l chui hoc tham chiu n chui. start_num: v tr bt u trch lc chui con trong text num_chars: s k t ca chui mi cn trch t chui text Lu ! start_num: ln hn chiu di chui text th hm tr v chui rng "" start_num: nh hn 1 hm tr v li #VALUE! num_chars: m MID tr v li #VALUE! V d


A B C 1 2 3

M hng Tn Hng n v tnh MC010A Bn mica loi A ci

Cng thc Gii thch =MID(A2,3,3) Tr v 010



Hm VALUE:

Cng dng i chui text i din cho mt s thnh d liu kiu s Cng thc =VALUE(text) text l chui vn bn i din cho mt s. Lu !

text l nh dng s, ngy thng, hoc thi gian bt k c Microsoft Excel cng nhn. Nu khng phi nh dng trn s tr v li #VALUE! V d

th cng thc, bn c th copy cc gi tr bn trong bng vo bng tnh v nhp cng thc vo.

A B 1 2 3

SBD H v tn QSA0100 Nguyn Tn Minh QSA0101 Nguyn Vn Minh

Cng thc Gii thch =VALUE(RIGHT(A2,4)) Tr v 100. Kt qu ca hm RIGHT ch tr v mt chui

mun chuyn n thnh s phi dng hm VALUE. Hm LEN:

Cng dng Tnh di (s k t) ca mi chui. Cng thc =LEN(text) text l ni dung m bn cn xc nh di. V d

d hiu, bn c th copy d liu bn trong bng bn di vo mt trang bng tnh m v nhp cng thc vo.

A B C 1 2

3


Cng thc Gii thch =LEN(A2) Tr v 7 =LEN(C3) Tr v 0

Hm TRIM:

Cng dng

Xa tt c cc k t trng ca chui tr nhng khang n dng lm khang cch bn trong chui.

Cng thc =TRIM(text) I text chui cn xa cc k t trng. V d

Cng thc Gii thch

=TRIM(" Microsoft Excel") Tr v Microsoft Excel sau khi loi b cc khang trng u chui ny.



- Cc hm logic:

Hm AND:

Cng dng

Tr v kt qu TRUE nu tt c iu kin u TRUE, Tr v FALSE nu mt trong cc iu kin FALSE. Cng thc =AND(logical_1,logical_2,...) logical_1,logical_2 l cc u kin cn kim tra. Lu ! Cc iu kin c th l biu thc, vng tham chiu hoc mng gi tr Cc iu kin phi c gi tr l TRUE hoc FALSE. Nu 1 trong cc iu kin c gi tr khng phi Logic, hm AND tr v li #VALUE! V d

d hiu hn, bn c th copy cc gi tr bn trong bng vo bng tnh trng v nhp cng thc vo mt bt k cn li.

A B C 1 2 3

HKI HKII CN 5.6 6.5 6.05

Cng thc Gii thch =AND(A2>A3) Tr v FALSE =AND(A2>=5,A3>=5) Tr v TRUE

Hm OR:

Cng dng

Tr v TRUE nu mt trong cc iu kin l TRUE. Tr v FALSE nu tt c cc iu kin l FALSE. Cng thc =OR(logical_1,logical_2,...) logical_1,logical_2 l cc u kin cn kim tra. Lu ! Cc iu kin c th l biu thc, vng tham chiu hoc mng gi tr. Cc iu kin phi c gi tr l TRUE hoc FALSE. Nu 1 trong cc iu kin c gi tr khng phi Logic, hm AND tr v li #VALUE! V d

d hiu hn, bn hy copy d liu bn trong bng sau vo bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc bn di.

A B C 1 2 3

HKI HKII CN 5.6 6.5 6.05

Cng thc Gii thch =OR(A2>=6.5,B2>=6.5) Tr v TRUE



Hm NOT: Cng dng Tr v ph nh ca mt biu thc Logic. Cng thc =NOT(logical) logical l mt biu thc, iu kin kiu logic V d

d hiu hn, bn hy copy d liu bn trong bng bn di vo mt trang bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc vo.

A B C 1 2 3

HKI HKII CN 5.6 6.5 6.05

Cng thc Gii thch =NOT(C2>C3) Tr v TRUE =NOT(1>0) Tr v FALSE

Hm IF:

Cng dng Tr v mt gi tr nu iu kin l ng, Tr v mt gi tr khc nu iu kin l sai. Cng thc =IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)

logical_test: iu kin xt, logical c th l kt qu ca mt hm lun l nh AND, OR,... value_if_true: gi tr tr v nu iu kin logical_test l TRUE. value_if_false: gi tr tr v nu iu kin logical_test l FALSE. Lu ! C th c 7 hm IF c lng vo nhau to nn cng thc phc tp hn. Cc iu kin phi c gi tr l TRUE hoc FALSE. Nu iu kin c gi tr khng phi Logic, hm AND tr v li #VALUE!

Nu bn ang s dng b g ch TELEX, lu khi nhp hm IF s chuyn thnh , nhn tip ch F ln na thnh IF V d

d hiu hn, bn hy copy d liu bn trong bng vo bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc vo.

A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011

12

BNG IM TNG KT STT H Tn Ngy sinh TB Xp loi 1 Nguyn Vn nh 01/01/1990 5.6 2 L Vn Bnh 10/05/1991 4.5 3 Nguyn Hu Chnh 06/05/1990 7.5 4 Phm Hng Dng 02/07/1990 8.0 5 Hunh Tn Dng 06/04/1991 6.5 6 V Th Thu Hng 03/08/1990 6.7 7 Trn Th Kim Kiu 08/12/1990 8.6 8 V Th Thu Loan 06/11/1991 9.0 9 Phan Thanh Quang 12/12/1990 6.8 10 Vn Thanh 11/12/1990 7.2



Cng thc Gii thch =IF(E3>5.0,"Ln lp","Lu ban") Nhp cng thc ny xt kt qu Ln lp

hoc Lu ban ca hc sinh =IF(E3 >= 9.0, "Gii", IF(E3 >= 8.0, "Kh", IF(E3 >= 6.5, "Kh", IF(E3 >= 5.0, "Trung bnh", IF(E3 > = 3.5, "Yu", "Km")))))

Dng n - 1 hm IF lng vo nhau nu bn c n iu kin lin quan n nhau. V d cng thc bn cnh dng xp loi hc sinh trong lp hc (nhp cng thc ny vo F3.

- Cc hm x l ngy thng:

Hm DATE:

Cng dng

Tr v mt chui hoc mt s th hin mt ngy thng y . Nu nh dng l General trc khi nhp hm th kt qu tr v l chui ngy thng. Cng thc =DATE(year,month,day)

year s ch nm, c th c t 1 n 4 k s. Microsoft Excel t bin dch i s nm ty thuc vo i s ngy thng bn ang dng.

Nu s nm year nm t 0 n 1899 th n c cng vi 1900 tnh. V d year l 105 th year c hiu trong cng thc l 2005.

Nu 1900 =< year =< 9999 th year chnh l s nm Nu year < 0 hoc year > 10,000 th hm tr v li #NUM!

month s ch thng. Nu s thng ln hn 12 th hm t quy i 12 = 1 nm v cng vo year s nm tng ln do s thng. V d bn month l 18, year l 2004 th hm t hiu month l 6 v year l 2005

day s ch ngy. Nu s ngy ln hn s ngy ca thng th hm t quy i l tng s thng. V s ngy ca mi thng khc nhau 28,29,30 hoc 31 ty thuc vo thng v nm nn ty theo s thng v nm i km m hm s quy i ph hp.

Lu !

Excel lu tr ngy thng thnh chui s tun t v dng chui s ny tnh ton. Quy c ngy 01/01/1900 l mc s 1. V vy ngy 01/01/2010 c hiu l s 40179 v sau ny 01/01/1900 l 40179 ngy.

xem kt qu hm dng s tun t. Vo Format - Cell. Chn th Number, chn General trong mc Category.

Date rt cn thit khi year, moth, day cng l nhng cng thc khng phi l hng s. N gip bn tnh ton chnh xc hn.

Lu n th t year, month, day trong hm v bn c th nhm ln v hiu theo quy cch ngy ca Vit Nam: day, month, year. V d

d hiu hn, bn hy copy d liu bn trong bng bn di vo mt trang bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc bn di vo.

A B C

1 2

Ngy Thng Nm 40 10 2005

Cng thc Gii thch =DATE(C2,B2,A2) Tr v 09/11/2005



Hm NOW:

Cng dng

Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn. Nu nh dng l General trc khi hm nhp cng thc, kt qu tr v nh dng ngy thng. Cng thc =NOW() Lu !

S bn phi trong chui s thp phn i din cho gi, s bn tri i din cho ngy thng.

Hm NOW() ch thay i khi Worksheet c tnh ton li. N khng t ng cp nht c. cp nht n bn c th vit Marco sau mt khang thi gian no gi hm NOW() n cp nht.

Hm TODAY:

Cng dng

Tr v ngy hin ti trong h thng ca bn. Nu nh dng l General trc khi hm nhp cng thc, kt qu tr v nh dng ngy thng.

Cng thc =TODAY() Lu !

Hm NOW() tr v nh dng ngy thng v thi gian hin ti, Hm TODAY() ch tr v ngy thng hin ti.

Hm DAY:

Cng dng Tr v th t ca ngy t chui ngy thng. Cng thc =DAY(serial_number)

serial_number dng chui s tun t ca ngy cn tm. Ngy thng ny nn nhp bng hm DATE hoc kt qu tr v t hm khc. C th b li nu bn nhp serial_number l mt chui dng vn bn. V d


A B C 1 2 3

H v tn Ngy sinh TB Nguyn Nht Minh 10/09/1990 7.8

Cng thc Gii thch =DAY(B2) Tr v 10

Hm MONTH:

Cng dng Tr v th t ca thng t gi tr kiu ngy thng. Cng thc =MONTH(serial_number)

serial_number dng chui s tun t ca thng cn tm. Ngy thng ny nn nhp bng hm DATE hoc kt qu tr v t hm khc. C th b li nu bn nhp serial_number l mt chui dng vn bn.



V d

d hiu bn c th copy d liu bn trong bng sau vo mt trang bng tnh mi v nhp cng thc bn di vo.

A B C 1 2 3

H V TN NGY SINH TB Nguyn Nht Minh 10/09/1990 7.8

Cng thc Gii thch =MONTH(B2) Tr v 09

Hm YEAR:

Cng dng Tr v nm ca mt gi tr hoc chui i din cho ngy thng. Cng thc =YEAR(serial_number)

serial_number dng chui hoc s thp phn i din ngy thng m bn cn tm s nm ca n. Gi tr ny nn c nhp bng hm DATE hoc l kt qu cc cng thc hoc hm khc.

C th b li nu bn nhp serial_number l mt chui dng vn bn. V d

d hiu bn c th copy d liu bn trong bng sau vo mt trang bng tnh trng v nhp cng thc bn di vo.

A B C 1 2 3

H V TN NGY SINH TB Nguyn Nht Minh 10/09/1990 7.8 V Tn Tun 08/10/1991 5.6

Cng thc Gii thch =YEAR(B2) Tr v 1990. =YEAR(B3)>YEAR(B2) Tr v TRUE.

Bui 02, 03, 04: Cc hm thng dng, s dng thng xuyn - VLookup, HLookup - Match, Index - Cc hm thng k n gin: Sum, CountA, Max, Min, Average - Cc hm thng k c iu kin: CountIf, SumIf - Hm Round, Mod, Int - Tham kho cc hm thng k database: DSum, DCount, DCountA, DMax, DMin, DAverage

Hm VLOOKUP: Cng dng

D tm mt gi tr ct u tin bn tri ca mt bng d liu. Nu tm thy s tr v gi tr cng trn dng vi gi tr tm thy trn ct m bn ch nh. Hm VLOOKUP thng dng in thng tin vo bng d liu t bng d liu ph.

VLOOKUP xut pht t vertical lookup : d tm theo phng ng, hay theo ct. Cng thc

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup) Vit cch khc: =VLOOKUP(tr d,bng d,ct cha kt qu,cch d)

lookup_value: l tm mt gi tr dng tm kim, n c th l mt gi tr, mt tham chiu hay mt chui k t.



table_array l vng cha d liu cn tm. y l bng d liu ph c ni dung thng c nh, bao qut bn ly d liu.

Cc gi tr ct u tin c th l gi tr s, chui k t, hoc logic.

Nu range_lookup l TRUE (range_lookup=1) th cc gi tr ct u tin ca bng d liu ph ny phi c sp xp tng dn t -2,1,0,1,2,...,A-Z,FALSE,TRUE. Nu khng hm VLOOKUP s tr gi tr khng chun xc.

sp xp cc gi tr trong bng d liu t trn xung hm cho kt qu ph hp khi bn dng range_lookup l TRUE: Chn vng d liu cn sp xp, kch vo menu Data, Sort. Nhn nt Options bn di, nh du Soft top to bottom, ri nhn OK. Kch chn ct cn sp xp trong danh sch. Chn Ascending, v nhn OK

row_index_num s th t ct trn bng d liu ph m d liu bn cn ly. Gi tr tr v nm trn ct bn ch nh ny v dng m hm tm thy gi tr d tm lookup_value.

range_lookup l gi tr logic bn ch nh mun VLOOKUP tm kim chnh xc hay l tng i. Nu range_lookup l TRUE (range_lookup=1) hm s tr v kt qu tm kim tng i. Nu khng tm thy kt qu chnh xc, n s tr v mt gi tr ln nht m nh hn gi tr tm kim lookup_value. Nu range_lookup l FALSE (range_lookup=0) hm tm kim chnh xc, nu khng c tr v li #N/A!

Lu !

Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong ct u tin ca bng d liu ph, VLOOKUP tr v li #N/A!.

Khi xut hin li #N/A! bn c th mc li nhp d mt khong trng pha sau gi tr d tm hoc trong bng d liu, k c chnh v ph.

Khi dng hm VLOOKUP in d liu cho mt bng d liu th trong cng thc cn phi to a ch tuyt i cho bng d liu ph table_array cng thc ng cho cc hng cn li khi bn copy cng thc xung cc bn di.

V d

d hiu hn, bn hy copy d liu bn trong bng di v nhp cc cng thc sau vo trng bt k trong bng tnh.

A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16

DANH MC HNG HA NHP KHU THNG 12 STT M hng Tn hng Ngy nhp S lng

1 HDD ? 01/12/2006 20 2 CPU ? 03/12/2006 50 3 CDW ? 05/12/2006 70 4 HDD ? 07/12/2006 100

5 CPU ? 08/12/2006 200 6 USB ? 07/12/2006 500 BNG TN HNG M hng Tn hng CDR CD - Rom CDW ghi CD-Rom HDD a cng USB a cng USB CAS Thng my

Cng thc Gii thch =VLOOKUP(B3,$C$11:$D$15,2,0)Nhp cng thc vo C3 ly tn hng tng ng

vi m hng t bng d liu ph.



Copy cng thc xung cc cn li. Lu a ch vng ca bng d liu ph phi l a ch tuyt i khi copy cng thc hm VLookup mi ng cho cc tip theo.

Hm HLOOKUP:

Cng dng

D tm mt gi tr dng u tin ca mt bng d liu. Nu tm thy s tr v gi tr cng trn ct vi gi tr tm thy trn hng m bn ch nh. Hm HLOOKUP thng dng in thng tin vo bng d liu t bng d liu ph.

HLOOKUP xut pht t horizontal lookup : d tm theo phng ngang, hay theo dng. Cng thc

=HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup) Vit cch khc: =HLOOKUP(tr d,bng d,dng cha kt qu,cch d)

lookup_value: l tm mt gi tr dng tm kim, n c th l mt gi tr, mt tham chiu hay mt chui k t.

table_array l vng cha d liu cn tm. y l bng d liu ph c ni dung thng c nh, bao qut bn ly d liu.

Cc gi tr dng u tin c th l gi tr s, chui k t, hoc logic.

Nu range_lookup l TRUE th cc gi tr dng u tin ca bng d liu ph ny phi c sp xp tng dn t -2,1,0,1,2,...,A-Z,FALSE,TRUE. Nu khng hm HLOOKUP s tr gi tr khng chun xc.

sp xp cc gi tr trong bng d liu t tri qua phi hm cho kt qu ph hp khi bn dng range_lookup l TRUE: Chn vng d liu cn sp xp, kch vo menu Data, Sort. Nhn nt Options bn di, nh du Soft left to right, ri nhn OK. Kch chn dng cn sp xp trong danh sch. Chn Ascending, v nhn OK

row_index_num s th t dng trn bng d liu ph m d liu bn cn ly. Gi tr tr v nm trn dng bn ch nh ny v ct m hm tm thy gi tr d tm lookup_value.

range_lookup l gi tr logic bn ch nh mun HLOOKUP tm kim chnh xc hay l tng i. Nu range_lookup l TRUE hm s tr v kt qu tm kim tng i. Nu khng tm thy kt qu chnh xc, n s tr v mt gi tr ln nht m nh hn gi tr tm kim lookup_value. Nu range_lookup l FALSE hm tm kim chnh xc, nu khng c tr v li #N/A!

Lu !

Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong dng u tin ca bng d liu ph, HLOOKUP tr v li #N/A!.

Khi xut hin li #N/A! bn c th mc li nhp d mt khong trng pha sau gi tr d tm hoc trong bng d liu, k c chnh v ph.

Khi dng hm HLOOKUP in d liu cho mt bng d liu th trong cng thc cn phi to a ch tuyt i cho bng d liu ph table_array cng thc ng cho cc hng cn li khi bn copy cng thc xung cc bn di.



V d d hiu hn, bn hy nhp cc cng thc sau vo trng bt k trong bng tnh.

A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16

DANH MC HNG HA NHP KHU THNG 12 STT M hng Thu Ngy nhp S lng

1 HDD ? 01/12/2006 20 2 CPU ? 03/12/2006 50 3 CDR ? 05/12/2006 70 4 HDD ? 07/12/2006 100

5 CPU ? 08/12/2006 200 6 USB ? 07/12/2006 500 THU NHP KHU MH HDD CPU CDR USB

Thu 5% 8% 7% 10%

Cng thc Gii thch =HLOOKUP(B3,$B$10:$E$11,2,0)Nhp cng thc vo C3 ly mc thu nhp khu tng

ng biu thu ca tng mt hng bn di. Copy cng thc xung cc cn li. Lu a ch vng ca bng d liu ph phi l a ch tuyt i khi copy cng thc hm HLookup mi ng cho cc tip theo.

Hm MATCH:

Cng dng Tr v v tr (ch mc) ca mt gi tr t mt dy gi tr. Cng thc

=MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array,match_type) Vit cch khc: =MATCH(tr d,dy d,cch d)

lookup_value l gi tr cn tm trong bng gi tr. lookup_array l mt dy lin tc tm kim gi tr. match_type l mt s -1, 0 hoc 1 ch nh kiu tm kim.

match_type = 1 (hoc khng nhp) th bt buc dy gi tr lookup_array phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn.

match_type = 0, dy gi tr lookup_array khng cn sp xp. match_type = -1, th bt buc dy gi tr lookup_array phi c sp xp

theo th t gim dn.

Lu ! Nu khng tm thy gi tr cn tm trong bng gi tr, MATCH tr v li #N/A.

Nu match_type = 0, v gi tr cn tm l k t, th bn c th dng du sao (*) i din cho nhiu k t, dng du hi (?) i din cho k t ti v tr m bn t n.



Hm INDEX Tr v mt gi tr hoc mt tham chiu ti mt gi tr ca mt bng (hoc mt mng). Hm INDEX() c hai dng: dng MNG v dng THAM CHIU. Dng mng lun lun tr v gi tr hoc mng cc gi tr; Cn dng tham chiu lun lun tr v kt qu l mt tham chiu.

INDEX DNG MNG (Array Form)

C php: = INDEX(array, row_num, [column_num]) array : L mt dy hoc l mt hng mng. Nu array ch c mt dng hoc mt ct, th row_num hay column_num tng ng l ty chn. Nu array c nhiu hn mt dng hoc nhiu hn mt ct, v ch c hoc l row_num hoc l column_num c s dng, INDEX() s tr v ton b dng hay ct ca array row_num : Dng trong array ly gi tr tr v. Nu b qua row_num th buc phi c column_num. column_num : Ct trong array ly gi tr tr v. Nu b qua column_num th buc phi c row_num. Lu :

Nu hai i s column_num v row_num u s dng, INDEX() s tr v gi tr ca l giao im ca column_num v row_num.

Nu t row_num = 0, INDEX() s tr v mt mng cc gi tr l ton b ct; v ngc li, nu t column_num = 0, INDEX() s tr v mt mng cc gi tr l ton b dng.

kt qu tr v l cc gi tr di dng mng, cn nhp INDEX() theo dng cng thc mng, mng ngang cho dng v mng ng cho ct.

column_num v row_num phi ch ti mt trong mng, nu khng, INDEX() s bo li #REF! V d:



INDEX DNG THAM CHIU (Reference Form)

C php: = INDEX(reference, row_num, [column_num], area_num) reference : L mt tham chiu ti mt hoc nhiu dy . Nu ang nhp mt dy gm nhiu phn ri rc cho tham chiu, cn t dy trong cp du ngoc n. Nu mi vng trong tham chiu ch c mt dng hoc mt ct, i s row_num hoc column_num l ty chn, theo th t ny. V d, i vi tham chiu ch gm mt dng, dng c php: INDEX(reference, ,column_num) row_num : L ch s Dng trong tham chiu. column_num : L ch s Ct trong tham chiu. area_num : Chn mt dy trong tham chiu tr v giao im ca column_num v row_num trong dy . Vng th nht c nh s l 1, vng th hai l 2, v.v... Nu b qua area_num, INDEX s mc nh dng vng 1. Lu :

Sau khi reference v area_num chn mt dy ring bit, row_num v column_num chn ring bit: row_num 1 l dng th nht trong dy, column_num 1 l ct th nht trong dy, v.v... tham chiu c tr v bi INDEX() l giao ca dng v ct.

Nu t row_num = 0, INDEX() s tr v tham chiu cho ton b ct; v ngc li, nu t column_num = 0, INDEX() s tr v tham chiu cho ton b dng.

column_num, row_num v area_num phi ch ti mt bn trong tham chiu, nu khng, INDEX() s bo li #REF! Nu b qua column_num v row_num, INDEX() s tr v mt vng trong tham chiu, c ch nh bi area_num.

Kt qu ca INDEX() l mt tham chiu, nhng ty thuc vo cng thc s dng m gi tr ca INDEX() s c s dng di dng mt tham chiu hay mt gi tr.

Thc t ta thng s dng c php nh sau:

C php: = INDEX(reference, row_num, [column_num]) Hoc vit li nh sau: = INDEX(khi d, dng d, ct d) Dng d thng kt hp vi hm MATCH



V d:



Hm SUM: Cng dng Tnh tng tt c cc s trong dy s. Cng thc =SUM(number1,number2,....) number1, number2 cc s bn mun tnh tng. Lu !

S, gi tr logic, hay ch i din cho s m bn g trc tip vo cng thc th c tnh. Cng thc tham chiu ti gi tr logic, text i din cho s th gi tr c b qua. V d


A B C 1 2 3 4 5 6

Doanh thu thng 12 Tn hng S tin Ghi ch Monitor 15000000 CPU 20000000 CD-ROM 4000000

Cng thc Gii thch =SUM(B3:B5) Tr v 39000000

Hm COUNTA:

Cng dng m s c d liu (khng phi l rng) trong vng tham chiu. Cng thc =COUNTA(value1,value2,...) value1,value2,... cc vng gi tr m bn mun m Lu !

m s cha d liu kiu s dng hm COUNT, m rng dng hm COUNTBLANK. V d


A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12

BNG IM TNG KT STT H Tn Ngy sinh TB Xp loi 1 Nguyn Vn nh 01/01/1990 6.7

2 L Vn Bnh 10/05/1991 5.6

3 Nguyn Hu Chnh 06/05/1990 4.5 4 Phm Hng Dng 02/07/1990 7.5 5 Hunh Tn Dng 06/04/1991 8.0 6 V Th Thu Hng 03/08/1990 6.5

7 Trn Th Kim Kiu 08/12/1990 6.5

8 V Th Thu Loan 06/11/1991 6.2



Cng thc Gii thch =COUNTA(B3:B12) Tr v 10. =COUNT(B3:B12) Tr v 0.

Hm MAX:

Cng dng Tr v gi tr ln nht ca dy s. Cng thc =MAX(number1,number2,...) number1,number2,... c th c t 1 n 30 s m bn mun tm s ln nht. Lu !

Cc tham s c th l s, rng, gi tr logic, hoc chui i din cho gi tr s. Nu l gi tr li, chui khng th i thnh s th hm tr v li.

Nu cc i s l mt mng hoc vng tham chiu th hm nhng trng, cha gi tr logic, chui, hay gi tr li u c b qua. xt gi tr logic, chui th bn phi dng hm MAXA.

Nu cc i s khng phi l s, hm tr v 0. V d


A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12


2 L Vn Bnh 10/05/1991 5.6


7 Trn Th Kim Kiu 08/12/1990 6.5

8 V Th Thu Loan 06/11/1991 6.2

Cng thc Gii thch =MAX(E3:E12) Tr v 8 - TB ln nht =MAX(D3:D12) Tr v 06/11/1991 - Ngy sinh ln nht (ngi nh

tui nht)

Hm MIN:

Cng dng Tr v gi tr nh nht ca dy s. Cng thc =MIN(number1,number2,...) number1,number2,... c th c t 1 n 30 s m bn mun tm s nh nht. Lu !

Cc tham s c th l s, rng, gi tr logic, hoc chui i din cho gi tr s. Nu l gi tr li, chui khng th i thnh s th hm tr v li.

Nu cc i s l mt mng hoc vng tham chiu th hm nhng trng, cha gi tr logic, chui, hay gi tr li u c b qua. xt gi tr logic, chui th bn phi dng



hm MINA. Nu cc i s khng phi l s, hm tr v 0. V d


A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12


2 L Vn Bnh 10/05/1991 5.6


7 Trn Th Kim Kiu 08/12/1990 6.5

8 V Th Thu Loan 06/11/1991 6.2

Cng thc Gii thch =MIN(E3:E12) Tr v 4.5 - TB nh nht =MIN(D3:D12) Tr v 01/01/1990 - Ngy sinh nh nht (ngi ln

tui nht) Hm AVERAGE:

Cng dng Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc i s. Cng thc =AVERAGE(number1,number2,...) number1,number2 c th c t 1 n 30 s m bn cn tnh trung bnh cng. Lu !

Nu i s l tham s kiu text, logic, rng th gi tr c b qua. Nu l zero th c tnh. V d


A B C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12

BNG IM TNG KT STT H Tn Ngy sinh TB V th 1 Nguyn Vn nh 01/01/1990 6.7

2 L Vn Bnh 10/05/1991 5.6


7 Trn Th Kim Kiu 08/12/1990 6.5

8 V Th Thu Loan 06/11/1991 6.2

9 Vn Minh 12/12/1990 5.6 10 Phan Thanh Quang 11/12/1990 4.5

Cng thc Gii thch



=AVERAGE(E3:E12) Tr v 6.16 l im trung bnh chung ca c lp.

Hm COUNTIF: m s lng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc.

C php: = COUNTIF(range, criteria) Range : Dy cc m, c th l cha s, text, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s. rng s c b qua. Criteria : iu kin m. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v... Lu :

C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *)

Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, COUNTIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa.

V d 1: C bng tnh nh sau

m s c ch "To" trong dy A2:A5 COUNTIF(A2:A5, "To") = 2 m s c ch "L" trong dy A2:A5 COUNTIF(A2:A5, A4) = 1 m s c ch "To" v s c cha ch "L" trong dy A2:A5) COUNTIF(A2:A5, A4) + COUNTIF(A2:A5, A2) = 3 m s c gi tr > 55 trong dy B2:B5 COUNTIF(B2:B5, "> 55") = 2 m s c gi tr khc 75 trong dy B2:B5 COUNTIF(B2:B5, "" & B4) = 3 m s c gi tr ln hn hoc bng 32, nhng khng ln hn 85, trong dy B2:B5 COUNTIF(B2:B5, ">=32") - COUNTIF(B2:B5, ">85") = 3



V d 2: C bng tnh nh sau

m s c 2 ch cui l "es" trong dy A2:A7 COUNTIF(A2:A7, "*es") = 2 m s c 2 ch cui l "es" trong dy A2:B7 COUNTIF(A2:B7, "*es") = 6 m s c 2 ch cui l "es" trong dy A2:A7 m c chnh xc 7 ch k t COUNTIF(A2:A7, "?????es") = 2 m s c ch (text) trong dy A2:A7 COUNTIF(A2:A7, "*") = 4 m s khng cha ch (text) trong dy A2:A7 COUNTIF(A2:A7, ""&"*") = 2 Tnh t l s cha ch "No" trong dy B2:B7, bao gm c nhng rng COUNTIF(B2:B7, "No") / ROWS(B2:B7) = 33% Tnh t l s cha ch "Yes" trong dy B2:B7, khng tnh nhng rng COUNTIF(B2:B7, "Yes") / (ROWS(B2:B7) - COUNTIF(B2:B7, "" & "*")) = 0.5 = 50%

Hm SUMIF:

Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc.

C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range) Range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua. Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v... Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh sum_range = range. Lu :

Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s tnh tng c xc nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d:

- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5 - Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5 - Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4 - Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4



C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *).

Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa.

V d: C bng tnh nh sau

Tnh tng ca nhng hu hng m c doanh thu > 160,000 ? = SUMIF(A2:A5, ">160000", B2:B5) = 63,000 Tnh tng ca nhng doanh thu > 160,000 ? = SUMIF(A2:A5, ">160000") = 900,000 Tnh tng ca nhng hu hng m c doanh thu = 300,000 ? = SUMIF(A2:A5, "=300000", B2:B3) = 21,000

Hm DSUM:

Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria)

Hm DCOUNT:

m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Trong hm DCOUNT(), i s field l ty chn. Nu b qua i s ny th DCOUNT() s m tt c cc mu tin trong c s d liu theo iu kin c ch nh.

C php: = DCOUNT(database, [field], criteria)

Hm DCOUNTA: m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. C php: = DCOUNTA(database, [field], criteria)

Hm DMAX:

Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.



C php: = DMAX(database, field, criteria)

Hm DMIN: Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

C php: = DMIN(database, field, criteria)

Hm DAVERAGE:

Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.

C php: = DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria)

Hm ROUND:

Lm trn gi tr s n s ch nh.

C php: = ROUND(number, num_digits)

number: Con s s lm trn

num_digits: L mt s nguyn, v tr ch nh lm trn

num_digits > 0 : lm trn n s thp phn c ch nh num_digits = 0 : lm trn n s nguyn gn nht num_digits < 0 : lm trn n phn nguyn c ch nh V d: Vi con s 12345.54321 =ROUND(12345.54321,2) = 12345,54 =ROUND(12345.54321,0) = 12346 =ROUND(12345.54321,-2) = 12300

Hm MOD:

Dng ly s d ca mt php chia

C php: = MOD(number, divisor)

number: S b chia divisor: S chia V d: MOD(24, 10) = 4 (24 chia 10 c 2, d 4)

Hm INT v hm TRUNC:

Hai hm ny gn nh ging nhau nu nh bn mun lm trn mt s thnh mt s nguyn.

C php: = INT(number)



= TRUNC(number [, num_digits])

number: S cn lm trn

num_digits: L mt s nguyn, ch cch m bn mun ct bt s

num_digits > 0 : nu number l mt s thp phn, th num_digits ch ra s con s thp phn m bn mun gi li (sau du phy) num_digits = 0 hoc khng nhp: ct b ht phn thp phn ca number (nu c) num_digits < 0 : lm trn number thnh mt s nguyn v lm trn number sang tri thnh mt bi s ca 10 (xem thm v d) Hm INT() lm trn mt s ti s nguyn gn nht i vi s dng, hm INT() v TRUNC() cho kt qu ging nhau (num_digits ca TRUNC() = 0 hoc khng c), nhng i vi s m th hai hm ny s cho kt qu hon ton khc nhau. V d: INT( 123.456) = 123 | TRUNC( 123.456) = 123 INT(-123.456) = -124 | TRUNC(-123.456) = -123 Khi num_digits khc 0, TRUNC() khc hn vi ROUND() ch: ROUND() th lm trn, cn TRUNC() ch ct b bt s ch khng lm trn. Mt s v d v hm TRUNC()



Bui 05: Qun l danh sch d liu - Nhp d liu bng Userform (Menu Data/Form...) - Sp xp d liu (Data/Sort...) - Trich lc t ng (Data/Filter/AutoFilter) - Trch lc nng cao (Data/Filter/Advanced Filter) - Thng bo li khi nhp (Data/Validation...) - Tnh lng dng Goal Seek (Tools/Goal Seek) Bui 06: Tng hp s liu v bo co - SubTotal (Data/SubTotals) - Consolidate (Data/Consolidate) - Pivot Table (Data/ PivotTable and PivotChart Report) - Freeze Panes (Window/Freeze Panes) Bui 07: Trang tr nh dng bng tnh, d liu v bo v d liu - Auto Format (Format/Auto Format) - Style (Format/Style) - Condition Formatting (Format/Condition Formatting) - Paste Special (Edit/ Paste Special) - Protect Sheet, Protect Workbook (Tools/Protection) Bui 08, 09: Macro v lp trnh VBA - Gii thiu Macro, Record New Macro, s dng Macro - Gii thiu ngn ng Visual Basic Application (VBA) - To lp 1 UserForm mu bng VBA (Tools/Macro/Visual Basic Editor) - Vit hm bng VBA v to Add-in cho Excel (Tools/Add-ins..)



Ch : s dng c macro

Ta phi chuyn ch an ton xung mc trung bnh hoc thp. Menu Tool Chn Macros chn Security chn mc Medium (trung bnh) hoc low

(thp)

Chp nhn s dng macro khi m file: Khi m mt file Excel c cha Macro th Excel s bo cho bn bit iu ny xem bn c quen bit n v cn si n hay k

* Ghi v thc hin macro: Macro l g? Macro l tp hp mt s cc dng lnh. Bn s dng chc nng Macro Recorder l mt tng hay tng bc thc hin cc cng vic, nht l lc u tm hiu v macro. Excel h tr ghi li (recorder) cc cng vic bn thc hin v ch khng ghi li khi bn dng ghi. V d, mt (cell) c chn (selected) hin ti s khng c ghi cho n khi bn thc hin cng vic trong . Ngoi ra, Excel cng khng ghi li cc cng vic khi ang s dng bng iu khin (dialog box) cho n khi bn n nt OK trn bng iu khin .

Hnh 1: Thc hin ghi macro



Hnh 2: Ca s Record Macro Trong sut thi gian ghi, macro c lu li vi tn xc nh trong module, module c to ra trong qu trnh ghi v l mt phn ca Workbook. Marco c ghi li c th c lu trong This Workbook (Workbook hin hnh), New Workbook (Workbook mi) hoc trong Personal Macro Workbook (nhng macro s hu ring). Nhng lnh (code) c lu trong Personal.xls, nhng macro s hu ring u s dng c khi bn m Excel ra. Cc macro trong cc Workbook khc nhau c th s dng bt c lc no khi cc Workbook ang m (k c s dng chng t Workbook khc). iu kin c th tin hnh ghi macro: 1. Bng tnh Excel hin hnh (Activate Excel). 2. S dng Workbook mi.



Ghi macro trong trng hp s dng tham chiu a ch tuyt i:

Bn hy ghi li macro ti a ch B3, B4 trnh by tn cty v a ch nh sau:

(Ch y l ghi macro Ting Vit c du nh)

Hnh 3: Qu trnh ghi

1. Trong Tools/Macro, chn Record New Macro (hnh 1). 2. Trong Macro name: g Ghi_Tieng_Viet t tn macro (hnh 2). 3. Chuyn sang Shortcut key: trng (s thc hin sau). 4. Trong Store macro in: mc nh l This Workbook. 5. Trong Description: bn g ni dung sau: a ch bt u B3 6. Bm OK. 7. Thanh Stop Recording s xut hin. Bn c th di chuyn n n v tr khc nu thy

cn thit. 8. Trong thanh Stop Recording, n vo nt Relative Reference cho m i (ghi ch

tuyt i). 9. Trong Sheet1, bm vo B3 v g tn Cty. di g a ch cty. 10. Cho ton b cc ch m v nghing. 11. Bm vo B5. 12. Trong Stop Recording, bm vo nt Stop Recording.

c im l k t u tin l ca tn macro phi l ch. Cn cc k t khc c th l ch, s hoc k t gch di (k t _). Cc k t c bit nh khong trng (Space), @, %, $, #, &, ... khng c chp nhn, bn c th dng k t _ tch tn trong macro.



Nh vy, macro c tn Ghi_Tieng_Viet c ghi li. Nhng m bn s dng trong qu trnh ghi c th hin di dng a ch tuyt i. V vy, nhng trong Worksheet s thc hin khi bn cho chy macro, tn v a ch cty s c to ra ng v tr trong Worksheet. V d bn g t "Cng Ty CP T & PT Vin Thng Min Ty" (font Time New Roman) ngoi bng tnh v record th ghi trong module nh th ny: ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "Cng Ty CP T & PT Vi?n Thng Mi?n Ty" ( xem m lnh nhn phm tt Alt+F11 m VBA s thy m trong module1) 2 k t v b chuyn thnh ? v 2 k t c m >255 nn khng nhp c trong ca s son tho. a s cc k t ring ca ting Vit u nm trong nhm ny. khc phc, bn phi i ng vng. Dng hm ChrW(m) chuyn m thnh k t. Bit c m 7877, c m 7873, cu trn vit li theo kiu ghp chui: ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "Cng ty CP T & PT Vi" & ChrW(7877) & "n Thng Mi" & ChrW(7873) & "n Ty" Lm sao bit c m 7873 ? Bn dng hm CodeUni n s cho bn bit m ca k t . vit hm ny ta m VBA ra ri insert thm module (Vo Menu Insert/Module) vo ri chn on code bn di vo l ta c th dng c. M: Function CodeUni(text As String) As Integer CodeUni = AscW(text) End Function

Hnh: Thc hin ly m Unicode ca cc k t ting Vit



Hnh: m mi va ghi xong

Hnh: m sau khi chnh sa Chy macro khi s dng bng iu khin macro (Macro dialog box) Bn cho chy macro trn t Sheet2 nh sau: 1. Chn sang Sheet2 v bm vo no ngoi B3. 2. Trong menu Tools/Macro, chn Macros (hnh 1). 3. Bm vo macro c tn Ghi_Tieng_Viet trong danh sch macro (hnh 4). 4. Bm vo nt Run. Sau bn s thy ni dung Sheet2 ging nh Sheet1. Ghi ch: Nu bn mun hu qu trnh chy macro trc khi kt thc, n vo nt Esc.



Hnh 4: Chy macro Sheet2 Dng phm tt thc hin mt macro (shortcut key) 1. Ti Sheet2 bn chn vo 1 (v d H14). 2. n t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+V. Khi tn v a ch s xut hin ng B3 v B4.



Ghi macro trong trng hp s dng tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Lm tng t nh trn nhng bc 8 c s thay i cht.

8. Trong thanh Stop Recording, n vo nt Relative Reference cho sng ln (ghi ch tng i).

* Vit hm bng VBA: - Cc kiu d liu: Byte S t 0 n 255 1 Integer S t -32768 n 32767 2 Long S t -2,147,483,648 n 2,147, 483,647 4 Single S t -3.4x10 38 n 3.4x10 38 4 Double S t -1.79x10 308 n 1.79x10 308 8 Date Ngy t 1/1/100 n 31/12/9999 8 String Chui di t 0 n 65400 k t Ty thuc di chui Boolean C hai gi tr l True v False 2 Variant L kiu mc nh cha c kiu d liu khc 16 - Khai bo bin: Dim As Kiu d liu V d: Dim s As String -> Bin s dng kiu chui String Dim x As Integer, y As Integer -> Bin x,y dng kiu s Integer - Cc php ton:

Php gn: C php: = ngha: Lnh gn ly gi tr bn phi t vo bn tri. Bin s nhn c gi tr mi. V d: x= 100 : gn gi tr 100 vo bin x



Cc php ton s hc: +, -, *, / Php ton ni chui: & Cc php ton so snh: >, =,



C php 4: IF iu kin 1 Then Lnh 1 Lnh 2 Lnh ElseIf iu kin 2 Then Lnh A Lnh B Lnh Else Lnh X Lnh Y Lnh End IF ngha: C php ny dng gii quyt bi ton c nhiu iu kin. Nu iu kin 1 c gi tr True th thc hin cc lnh 1, lnh 2, Ngc li (iu kin 1 l False) nu iu kin 2 c gi tr True th thc hin cc lnh A, lnh B, Ngc li (iu kin cui cng c gi tr False) th thc hin cc lnh X, lnh Y, Lu : Cc lnh phi vit xung dng bn di dng IF Then v dng Else Kt thc c php phi c End IF bo hiu kt thc. - Vit hm bng VBA:

Hm Function: Hm l mt on m chng trnh c gi gn vo trong mt khi. on m chng trnh ny dng thc hin mt cng vic no . Khi chng trnh ny c u vo l cc i s v u ra l gi tr tr v ca hm.

C php hm: Tn_Hm(cc_i_s) V d: Left(Hello, 2): u vo ca hm Left l chui Hello v s 2. u ra gi tr tr v l He. Left(S,n): S l mt bin cha chui, n l mt bin cha mt gi tr s. Chng l cc gi tr u vo.

C php khai bo khi to hm: [Public]/[Private] Function Tn_Hm(i_s_1 As Kiu d liu, ) As kiu d liu tr v End Function V d 1: Khai bo khi to hm Left: Public Function Left(text As String, num_chars As Long) As String End Function



V d 2: Vit hm Max2So tip nhn 2 i s. Hm tr v gi tr ln nht. Public Function Max2So(a As Single, b As Single) As Single End Function Hoc ta c th khai bo: Function Max2So(a,b) End Function

Ni vit hm : - Thng thng, cc hm s c cha trong module ca chng trnh. Ta phi to i tng

module trong ca s chng trnh cha cc hm. - Ti vng Project Explorer ca s Visual Basic Editor, chn i tng ThisWorkbook. Vo

menu Insert/Module. Khi y, ta thy i tng module xut hin trong vng Project Explorer.

- Nhp p vo i tng Module1, ca s bn phi xut hin ni dung ca module l ni ta g cc hm vo.

Cu trc phn thn hm: [Public]/[Private] Function Tn_Hm(i_s_1 As kiu d liu,) As kiu d liu tr v V tr thng khai bo bin

Thn hm, cc lnh tnh ton x l cng vic Tn_Hm = Gi tr tr v End Function V d 1: Vit hm Max2So nh sau: Public Function Max2So(a,b) Dim max max = a If max < b Then max = b Max2So = max End Function V d 2: Vit hm Max3So nhn u vo l 3 gi tr s thc, gi tr tr v ca hm tr v l gi tr ln nht trong 3 i s. Public Function Max3So(a As Single, b As Single, c As Single) As Single Dim max As Single If a > b Then If a > c Then max = a Else

max = c End If

Else If b > c Then max = b Else max = c

End If End If Max2So = max

End Function



* To Add-in cho Excel: Cch to add-in hm tnh th thu nhp c nhn (Hm ny ta c th t vit hoc su tm trn mng v dng cho mc ch ring). cc hm VB (user-defined) c th dng chung cho nhiu tp tin Excel, bn ch cn gom chng li thnh tp tin .XLA (Microsoft Excel Add-In). Cch lm nh sau: 1. Khi ng Excel, to mt workbook mi. Chn Tools > Macro > Visual Basic Editor (Alt+F11) m ca s son tho VBA. Trong ca s Project Explorer (nu khng thy th chn View > Project Explorer), chn VBAProject (Book1). Chn Insert > Module thm mt module vo workbook. 2. G ni dung hm CodeUni ca bn vo module mi to. Function CodeUni(text As String) As Integer CodeUni = AscW(text) End Function 3. Chn Tools > Macro > Macros hin th hp thoi Macro. G tn hm CodeUni vo Macro name, bm Options m tip hp thoi Macro Options, g ni dung m t hm vo Description, bm OK ng hp thoi Macro Options, bm Cancel ng hp thoi Macro. 4. Ghi workbook ln a thnh tp tin CodeUni.xla. Lu : bn phi t tp tin ny ng ch Excel t ng np n khi khi ng. V d, i vi Excel XP trn Windows XP, chn th mc C:\Documents and Settings\UserName\Application Data\Microsoft\AddIns; i vi Vista th: UserName\AppData\Roaming\ Microsoft\AddIns. ng Excel m khng cn ghi li cc thay i trn Book1. Trong : Username l tn ngi s dng my tnh.

Ghi ch: C th copy file CodeUni.xla vo mt th mc bt k ri khi browse th ch ng dn n v tr ca file CodeUni.xla

5. Khi ng li Excel, ci t add-in va to cho Excel bng cch chn Tools > Add-Ins, chn tn add-in cn ci t trong danh sch Add-Ins available, ri bm OK. T y tr v sau, mi ln m Excel, bn ng nhin s dng c hm CodeUni() trong add-in CodeUni.xla. Bui 10: Thi cui kha



Mt s th thut hay vi Excel:

Hin th i s ca cc hm: xem i s trong mt cng thc, hy nhn Ctrl- Shift- A. V d: Nu bn g =RATE v nhn Ctrl- Shift -A, bn c th nhn thy tt c cc i s cho hm ny (v d =RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess)). Nu bn mun bit chi tit hn, g =RATE. V nhn Ctrl+A hin th theo Function Wizard.

Tham chiu cc hm: Nu bn ko nh ht cc hm th c th m Insert Funtion xem trc hng dn cc hm. Nhn trn thanh cng c c k hiu fx hoc dng phm tt Shift-F3, Excel s a ra hp thoi cha tt c cc hm ng dng v hng dn cc c php c th cho tng hm khi bn di chuyn con tr im sng n hm mun tham chiu. y cng l cch nhp cng thc nhanh m khng cn g ton b c php.

S dng tham chiu v nhn text trong cc cng thc: s dng cc tham chiu cng vi nhn text trong mt cng thc, bn ch vic g mt k hiu (&) gia tham chiu v text. V d, hin th dng d liu l "25 Departments", g (=A1 & "Departments"), trong A1 cha s 25.

Lm th no n nh mt macro ti mt nt?

Bn mun chy macro hay hm ch bng mt thao tc nhp vo mt nt? Bng cch gn mt hm hay mt macro ti mt nt tu bin bn c th thc hin rt nhanh chng m khng phi chn Tools/Macro. n nh mt macro ti mt nt, chn View/Toolbars/Customize. Nhp vo tab Commands v chn Macros trong iu khin Categories. Nu c sn ngoi th bn chn View/Toolbars/Control Toolbox hoc Click phi chut ln thanh cng c check vo Control Toolbox

Tch H v Tn thnh tng ct ring bit: Chn vng cn tch vo Menu Data/Text to Columns/chn Delimited/chn Space/Mc Destination chn vng cn tch/Chn Finish.

Hin th cng thc mt cch an ton

Bn nh phi lun lun ghi bng tnh trc khi chuyn ti cng thc hin th bng cch n Ctrl - ~. Khi bn quay li bng tnh sau khi hin th cc cng thc, bn c th tm thy mt vi nh dng khc nhau. V d, Excel c th thay i rng ct cng mt vi ct khc ca bn. Nu iu ny xy ra, n gin m li bng tnh quay li nh dng mt. Phng php khc l chuyn bng tnh theo cch trn v tt bng cch vo menu Tools/Options chn Views v nh du chn vo Formulas. Nhp v OK kt thc.

Sp xp cc k t in hoa v in thng

Excel khng quan tm n trng hp cc k t ch ci khi sp xp, tr khi bn thng bo ti n. Nu bn mun phn bit gia ch in hoa v in thng trong qu trnh sp xp, chn d liu bn mun sp xp, chn Data/Sort. Nhp vo Options trong hp thoi Sort v chn la chn Case Sensitive. Nhp vo OK hai ln. Bn s phi nh chn la chn ny mi ln v Excel s khng gi li thit t ny.

Chuyn i cc nhn ti cc s

Text dng s l mt kiu d liu hp l. V d mt s phone khng hon ton l mt s. Khi lu tr kiu d liu ny, bn c th thm vo d liu nhp vo bng k t ('). Tuy nhin, thnh thong cc gi tr s c nhp vo c nhp nh l text s v iu ny c th xy ra rc ri. May thay, c th d dng chuyn i text s ti dng s. Bn theo cc bc sau: chn cc d liu bn mun chuyn i. Chn Data\ Text To Column. Nhp vo Next hai ln. Chn General format v nhp vo Finish. Excel s chuyn i text s thnh d liu s.



Xa mt khu Protect Sheet ca Excel

Nh bit Excel c 1 chc nng kha 1 sheet bt k bng passwords( menu Tool/ Option/ Protection/ Protect sheet) Khi 1 sheet b kha, bn ko th modify( chn thm ni dung, chn ct, nnh dng ...). Th nhng bn qun passwords th sao? y l gii php: 1. Nhn chut phi vo tn sheet cn g b passwords, chn View Code.....s hin ra 1 ca s nhp liu. 2. Copy oan m bn di v paste vo nhp liu trn.

Sub PasswordBreaker() Dim i As Integer, j As Integer, k As Integer Dim l As Integer, m As Integer, n As Integer Dim i1 As Integer, i2 As Integer, i3 As Integer Dim i4 As Integer, i5 As Integer, i6 As Integer On Error Resume Next For i = 65 To 66: For j = 65 To 66: For k = 65 To 66 For l = 65 To 66: For m = 65 To 66: For i1 = 65 To 66 For i2 = 65 To 66: For i3 = 65 To 66: For i4 = 65 To 66 For i5 = 65 To 66: For i6 = 65 To 66: For n = 32 To 126 ActiveSheet.Unprotect Chr(i) & Chr(j) & Chr(k) & _ Chr(l) & Chr(m) & Chr(i1) & Chr(i2) & Chr(i3) & _ Chr(i4) & Chr(i5) & Chr(i6) & Chr(n) If ActiveSheet.ProtectContents = False Then ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(1).Select Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = Chr(i) & Chr(j) & _ Chr(k) & Chr(l) & Chr(m) & Chr(i1) & Chr(i2) & _ Chr(i3) & Chr(i4) & Chr(i5) & Chr(i6) & Chr(n) Exit Sub End If Next: Next: Next: Next: Next: Next Next: Next: Next: Next: Next: Next End Sub

3. Vo menu Run> Run sub/User form v ch giy lt. 4. Vo menu File> Close and return. By gi bn c th modify thoi mi, passwords b g b.

To siu lin kt cc Sheet t ng Khi lm vic vi mt tp tin Excel c nhiu Sheet, cc bn s gp nhiu kh khn khi di chuyn gia cc bng tnh ny. Gii php: Chng ta s to ra mt Sheet mi vi tn l McLc. Sau thm mt on m vo Sheet ny to mc lc t ng. Cc bc thc hin: 1. Tr v Sheet u tin. Vo Insert > Worksheet. t tn ca Sheet ny li thnh McLc hay nguyn ty thch. 2. Right-click ln th ca Sheet ny chn View Code. 3. Copy tt c on m ny vo:



Private Sub Worksheet_Activate() Dim wSheet As Worksheet Dim M As Long M = 1 With Me .Columns(1).ClearContents .Cells(1, 1) = "INDEX" .Cells(1, 1).Name = "Index" End With For Each wSheet In Worksheets If wSheet.Name Me.Name Then M = M + 1 With wSheet .Range("H1").Name = "Start" & wSheet.Index .Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=.Range("H1"), Address:="", SubAddress:="Index", TextToDisplay:="Back to Index" End With Me.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=Me.Cells(M, 1), Address:="", SubAddress:="Start" & wSheet.Index, TextToDisplay:=wSheet.Name End If Next wSheet End Sub

4. Nhn Alt + Q v Save li. 5. T Excel, vo Tool > Macro > Security. Trong hp thoi ny, chn mc Low. V trong file Excel ca bn c dng Macro, nn i khi mc Macro security mc high, on lnh ca bn s khng c tc dng. Nu bn chn Medium, bn s c nhc l chy macro khng. Trong trng hp ny, bn chn Enable Macro thy tc dng. 5. Nhn Ctrl + W ng li Workbook v m li Workbook ny. n y, khi nhp vo Sheet c tn l McLc, bn s thy danh sch cc bng tnh hin ra. Nhp vo Sheet no m bn mun di chuyn nhanh n lm vic. Cch tnh thm nin lm vic ca nhn vin tnh chnh xc s thng v nm lm vic th ta phi s dng hm sau: = DATEDIF (start_date, end_date [, unit]) V d 1: cng thc sau y tnh s ngy t hm nay n l Ging Sinh: = DATEDIF(TODAY(), DATE(YEAR(TODAY()), 12, 25), "d") Hm DATEDIF() c th n gin ha ng k cng thc tnh tui ca mt ngi. Nu ngy thng nm sinh ca mt ngi nm trong mt c tn l Birthday, cng thc sau y tnh tui chnh xc ca ngi : = DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y") V d 2: Tnh thm nin ca mt ngi bt u lm vic t 27/07/2006 n hin ti Cch 1: = YEAR(TODAY()) YEAR(27/07/2006) = 3 (Tnh bng cch ny th n t lm trn l 3 nm nhng thc t cn thiu 4 thng mi 3 nm) Cch 2: Chnh xc s thng v nm lm vic l 2 nm 8 thng = DATEDIF(27/07/2006,TODAY(),y) = 2 nm = DATEDIF(27/07/2006,TODAY(),ym) = 8 thng