Task B-5Task B-5Occupation

Comparison

Contents of TeachingContents of Teaching

1) Skills in developing argumentation

2) Imitation

Comments on the previous Comments on the previous writing assignmentwriting assignment

“If a World Lacked…,”

Well-doneWell-done

蔡思琪陈梦圆黄翠娟钟宇珊罗宇琛

All of you did well in:All of you did well in:

1. getting a well-chosen topic2. trying your best to use hypothesis

ProblemProblem

Disorganized ideas (sometimes)

Good worksGood works Human relationship would be jeopardized: resentment,

indignation and anger as a result of a perceived offense would be a perpetual mark in everyone’s heart. The negative emotions would overwhelm the positive ones at certain moment. Henceforth, the foundation of human relationship could collapse .It would give rise to more psychological problems: people would be too pent up and it would be hard to conjure up happy and joyful memories because they couldn't release themselves and forgive those who hurt them .Entangled with those relentless negative emotions, they might even go to extremes. Society would soon be in disorder: those who get hurt would resort to any means to take revenge on the offenders and it would be a kind of vicious circulation because of the absence of forgiveness.

蔡思琪

In such a world, the chances of development of society and the continuation of human species would be next to zero because forgiveness is the basic instrument for understanding and tolerance. Some of us may think that we’ve been hurt so deeply that there is no justification for forgiveness. However, it is those who get most hurt that really need to forgive, for the simple reason that we will never recover from the wound without forgiveness. As an ancient Chinese proverb goes, “Whoever seeks revenge should dig two graves.” The more we harbor our resentment, the more unhappy we will be. Contrariwise, with the nutrient of forgiveness, the desert heart sweltering with the heat of anger and indignation, will be transformed into an oasis of tranquility and peace.

蔡思琪

History would be plain without oscillation. Curiosity can be compared to a beacon, beckoning people to a brand new world. It gives people courage and faith to search for unconventional things. Without curiosity, the ample American land might still be a virgin land. Hundreds of years ago, with a curious mind, Columbus sailed for a long voyage and finally reached this mysterious land. The discovery of America paved the way for the exciting history of American dream. Hence, without curiosity, the history might be prosaic due to the slow progress of easy-satisfied people.

陈梦圆 examples

Imagine a world in which there were suddenly no teeth—a world in which human beings and animals could not chew or tear food. Try to imagine the consequence of such an alteration. It might be difficult for people to communicate: failing to pronounce dental sounds like [θ] and [ð] and other consonants which are formed by placing the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth, they would be likely to make misunderstanding and could not get things straight. They could not eat well: without teeth, they are unable to bite or tear food into small pieces to make it easier to swallow; hence they would surrender themselves to the chewy food which would consequently lead to the loss of appetite.

谢嘉玲

Good expressionsGood expressions

相信、确保 You believe that the foods are virus-free. When you buy an electronic product you are assur

ed it won’t do harm to you or your family. When you get on a plane, you have the faith thoug

h you are high in the sky, you’ll be landing safely. 郑惟哲

Without courage, many things would come to a standstill.

罗宇琛 Imagine the world we lived was just black and whi

te without plants, there would be no obvious scenes as timely reminders of the arrival of seasons and no scenery could be appreciated.

颜妍

A world lack of humour is like a movie without audio tracks, though it’s acceptable, it’s not attractive any more.

钟宇珊

In such a world, the chances of development in society ,advancement in civilization would be next to zero, because language is the basic vehicle of power, for control, for creation, and for change.

黄翠娟

lack of sthlack sthbe lacking in sthp31

Part One: skills Part One: skills in developing in developing

Argumentation Argumentation

DiscussionDiscussion

Look at the following two Look at the following two paragraphs to find out the ways of paragraphs to find out the ways of developing the main idea.developing the main idea.

1. 1. The same qualities that make people good The same qualities that make people good house guests make them good hospital patients.house guests make them good hospital patients. Good house guests can expect a reasonable Good house guests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf, and amount of service and effort on their behalf, and hospital patients can also. Guest have to adjust to hospital patients can also. Guest have to adjust to what is for them a change, and certainly hospital what is for them a change, and certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a patients must do the same. No one appreciates a complaining, unpleasant, unappreciative house complaining, unpleasant, unappreciative house guest, and the hospital staff is no exception. guest, and the hospital staff is no exception. House guests who expect vast changes to be made House guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits, so patients must make to enjoy their visits, so patients must make adjustments to make their stays reasonably adjustments to make their stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.

---Robert ---Robert FriedmanFriedman

22

The Toyota truck is a fine vehicle, The Toyota truck is a fine vehicle, better than the new Nissan.better than the new Nissan. Not only Not only does it look great, but the cab space is does it look great, but the cab space is quite charitable, especially compared to quite charitable, especially compared to the tight fit of recent Nissans. Not only the tight fit of recent Nissans. Not only that, but the Toyota truck has actually that, but the Toyota truck has actually managed to increase its pulling power managed to increase its pulling power while still maintaining roughly the same while still maintaining roughly the same gas mileage. The same cannot be said gas mileage. The same cannot be said for the Nissan. for the Nissan.

1. comparison1. comparison2. contrast2. contrast

Strictly speaking, a Strictly speaking, a comparisoncomparison points out points out the the similaritiessimilarities between two or more between two or more persons or things of the same class, while a persons or things of the same class, while a contrastcontrast, the , the differencesdifferences between them. In between them. In practice, however, comparison and contrast practice, however, comparison and contrast often appear together, because people often appear together, because people generally compare two things that are generally compare two things that are similar in certain ways and different in similar in certain ways and different in others.others.

By comparison and contrasting we may get By comparison and contrasting we may get a clearer picture of things as well as support a clearer picture of things as well as support the main idea effectively.the main idea effectively.

A warm-up question:A warm-up question:

Could you think of any occupation Could you think of any occupation sharing similarities with teachers? In sharing similarities with teachers? In what way?what way?

Sample articleSample article

Teachers and Teachers and ActorsActors

The article doesn’t follow the typical The article doesn’t follow the typical argumentative structure. It is more argumentative structure. It is more flexible. However, it is still very well-flexible. However, it is still very well-organized and the readers can follow organized and the readers can follow the ideas very easily.the ideas very easily.

StructureStructure

Discussion: Discussion: 1. Teachers and actors are being 1. Teachers and actors are being

compared and contrasted. Which is compared and contrasted. Which is the focus? Teachers or actors?the focus? Teachers or actors?

2. How many parts are there in the 2. How many parts are there in the sample article?sample article?

3. Could you summarize the central 3. Could you summarize the central idea of the whole article? Does the idea of the whole article? Does the author focus on similarities or author focus on similarities or differences? differences?

1. The article focuses on teachers.1. The article focuses on teachers. 2. There are two parts: similarities 2. There are two parts: similarities

and differences. (emphasis on and differences. (emphasis on differences)differences)

3. A good teacher not only needs 3. A good teacher not only needs some of the gifts of a good actor but some of the gifts of a good actor but also possesses some other important also possesses some other important quality that an actor fails to have.quality that an actor fails to have.

AnalysisAnalysis 1. (1-2) Similarities between teachers and 1. (1-2) Similarities between teachers and

actorsactors To be a good teacher, you need some of the To be a good teacher, you need some of the

gifts of a good actorgifts of a good actor a. you must…a. you must… you must…you must… you must…you must… b. Watch…and you will see that…b. Watch…and you will see that… Listen…and you will hear…Listen…and you will hear… This part is paving the way for highlighting This part is paving the way for highlighting

differences.differences.

2. (3-5) Differences between teachers and 2. (3-5) Differences between teachers and actorsactors

The fact that a good teacher has some of the The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important for there are very important differencesdifferences between the teacher’s work and the between the teacher’s work and the author’s.author’s.

a. an actor: words and actions learnt a. an actor: words and actions learnt beforehandbeforehand

b. a good teacher: not learn his part by b. a good teacher: not learn his part by heart, invent as he goes alongheart, invent as he goes along

Part Two: imitationPart Two: imitationMethods of trainingMethods of training

1.1.Imitate the Imitate the sample sample structuresstructures

2.2.RefinementRefinement

Imitate the sample structures: Imitate the sample structures: ExamplesExamples

sample:sample: Watch a good teacher, and you willWatch a good teacher, and you will see that he see that he

does not sit motionless before his class: he stands does not sit motionless before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings.his explanations, and his face to express feelings.

Imitation: Imitation: Watch a good policeman, and you will Watch a good policeman, and you will

see that he does not stand motionless in the see that he does not stand motionless in the street: he walks the whole time he is on street: he walks the whole time he is on duty; he scans around, his head swiveling duty; he scans around, his head swiveling vigilantly and his eyes fixing at any suspect.vigilantly and his eyes fixing at any suspect.

Another Imitation:Another Imitation:

Face a baby, and you will have Face a baby, and you will have the same feeling as appreciating a the same feeling as appreciating a flower. Its eyes are as clear and flower. Its eyes are as clear and innocent as delicate petals; its body innocent as delicate petals; its body smells so sweet as the fragrant pistil. smells so sweet as the fragrant pistil. Taking a baby in your arms, you will Taking a baby in your arms, you will be tipsy by the beauty of flower if it be tipsy by the beauty of flower if it gives you a smile. gives you a smile.

A good PatternA good Pattern

Do sth, and you will …Do sth, and you will …

Imitate the sample structures: Imitate the sample structures: ExamplesExamples

Sample:Sample: A good teacher works in quite a different waA good teacher works in quite a different wa

y. His audience takes an active part in his play: y. His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey ordthey ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, ers, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The teacher they say so. The teacher thereforetherefore has to suit h has to suit his act to the needs of his audience, which is his is act to the needs of his audience, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but mclass. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.ust invent it as he goes along.

ImitationImitation

A good chef works in quite a different way. A good chef works in quite a different way. He concerns about the appraisal of his customHe concerns about the appraisal of his customers – they are the judges of his work. Therefore,ers – they are the judges of his work. Therefore, he has to cook dishes appealing to their tastes he has to cook dishes appealing to their tastes and interest. For a Cantonese customer, he woand interest. For a Cantonese customer, he would probably not cook him a hot and spicy dish,uld probably not cook him a hot and spicy dish, and he’ll be blamed if he offers some pork to and he’ll be blamed if he offers some pork to a Muslim. “Always at your service” – this is ta Muslim. “Always at your service” – this is the motto of his job. He does not cook whatevehe motto of his job. He does not cook whatever he wants to cook because he’s waiting for yr he wants to cook because he’s waiting for your order. our order.

Refinement: Refinement: examplesexamples

There is something wrong with the There is something wrong with the car again.car again.

The car is The car is actingacting upup again. again.

His face was filled with anger.His face was filled with anger. His face was His face was ablazeablaze with anger. with anger.

Refinement: Refinement: examplesexamples

There will be more and more dust and There will be more and more dust and dirt if a house is not cleaned regularly.dirt if a house is not cleaned regularly.

Dust and dirt soon Dust and dirt soon accumulateaccumulate if a if a house is not cleaned regularly.house is not cleaned regularly.

I like mushrooms but unfortunately I like mushrooms but unfortunately they will make me ill if I eat them.they will make me ill if I eat them.

I like mushrooms but unfortunately I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t they don’t agreeagree with me. with me.

Refinement: Refinement: examplesexamples

I don’t think any of his books is I don’t think any of his books is “readable”.“readable”.

I’d neverI’d never applyapply the word “readable” to the word “readable” to any of his books.any of his books.

We learn that he comes from abroad We learn that he comes from abroad from his accent.from his accent.

His very accent His very accent betraysbetrays his foreign his foreign identity.identity.

Check after writingCheck after writing

Eradicate “rate-zero” errors.Eradicate “rate-zero” errors.

Improving your handwriting:Improving your handwriting:

hastyhasty

carelesscareless

neatly neatly

carefully carefully

Writing task Writing task

Write an article of more than 400 words Write an article of more than 400 words similar in style discussing the comparison similar in style discussing the comparison between two occupations other than the between two occupations other than the

topic of the sample. The title of your topic of the sample. The title of your article will be partly decided by yourself. article will be partly decided by yourself.

Your title: ____________ and _____________Your title: ____________ and _____________

Now it’s the time for Now it’s the time for

brainstorming; brainstorming;

jotting down your brainstorms;jotting down your brainstorms;

organizing your ideas into sentences organizing your ideas into sentences imitating some sentence structures of the imitating some sentence structures of the sample article;sample article;

exchanging and improving your sentencesexchanging and improving your sentences

in groups. in groups.