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ສ.ວ.ສ

5

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6

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ສ.ວ.ສ

7

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8

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ສ.ວ.ສ

9

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10

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16

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lyj’muj9tg-njv,,u 7e}0=h7;k, T 7e}0=h7;k, muj,u7;k,z6draodao g-yj’wfhcdj7egs^qjkoUGg-yj’F l6jF pa’F lYoF lhP’F 8ts^vfF g4y’F IvfF gmQkF 9qoF 9qog4y’F 9qodtmA’ ] D

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

7ede,t T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7eok,

{ wxl6jl6jl6jl6jl6j[hko { pjk’8ts^vf8ts^vf8ts^vf8ts^vf8ts^vf7no

7ede,t;t]u T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 75ook,;t]u

{ c9h’0jk;wxpa’pa’pa’pa’pa’m5dM[hkoD{ g;opk,[hko9qog4y’[hko9qog4y’[hko9qog4y’[hko9qog4y’[hko9qog4y’ *3,’g-Qk

7ecmook, T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7eok,

{ rtvq’lhP’lhP’lhP’lhP’lhP’rt-qo

108

@D#@ D#@ D#@ D#@ D# .-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltotgxaogsfzqo.-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltotgxaogsfzqo.-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltotgxaogsfzqo.-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltotgxaogsfzqo.-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltotgxaogsfzqo

lyj’muj9tg-njv,,u 7e}0=h7;k,T7e}0=h7;k,F mujgxaogsfgxaozqo.shdao c]t dao g-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUG fh;pF 3fpF vaoF 8k,F grktF ,uF da[F phvoF 7v[ ] D

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

7e}de,t;t]u T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7eok,

{ wfhdyophvophvophvophvophvo]6d{ gsaoda[da[da[da[da[8k

de,t;t]u T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 75ook,;t]u

{ g;Qkvvdgrktgrktgrktgrktgrktg9a[s^kp.9D

xt3spd T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7eok,

{ ]qfc]jo8k,8k,8k,8k,8k,mk’D

@D$ .-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot,v[.sh@D$ .-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot,v[.sh@D$ .-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot,v[.sh@D$ .-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot,v[.sh@D$ .-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot,v[.sh

lyj’muj9tg-njv,,u 7e}0=h7;k,T7e}0=h7;k,F mujgxaodko,v[.shdao c]t dao g-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUG cdjF cfjF 8+F grnjvF le]a[F ltgrktF 9egrkt ]

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

7e} 0=h7;k, T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7eok,

{ g0qk2hv’8+8+8+8+8+lkoD{ ]k;gsaocdjcdjcdjcdjcdj|hkD

xt3spd T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7eok,

{ g0qkglplts^tgrnjvgrnjvgrnjvgrnjvgrnjv-kfD

ສ.ວ.ສ

109

xt3spd T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T xt3spd

{ ]af4t[kowfh,v[.[phv’p=.shcdjcdjcdjcdjcdjz6h,uzqo’kofugfajoD

@ D&@ D&@ D&@ D&@ D& .-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot[vd[jvo9kdwx.-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot[vd[jvo9kdwx.-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot[vd[jvo9kdwx.-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot[vd[jvo9kdwx.-hg-n jv,7emuj,u]adltot[vd[jvo9kdwx

lyj’muj9tg-njv,,u 7e}0=h7;k,T7e}0=h7;k,Fmujgxaodko9kdwx{,k sn xP[mP[ g-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUG c8jF 8A’c8jF 9kdF d;jkF gsf ] D

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

7e};t]u T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7e};t]u

{ zqozt]yf9kd9kd9kd9kd9kd-k;[hko3rolufkD

xt3spd T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7e};t]u

{ 0hvpgxaomtsko8A’c8j8A’c8j8A’c8j8A’c8j8A’c8j xu 7DlD @WW#

@D*@ D*@ D*@ D*@ D* .-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vd7;k,gxaog9Qk0v’.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vd7;k,gxaog9Qk0v’.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vd7;k,gxaog9Qk0v’.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vd7;k,gxaog9Qk0v’.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vd7;k,gxaog9Qk0v’

lyj’muj9tg-njv,,u 7e}0=h7;k,T7e}0=h7;k,F muj[vd7;k,gxaog9Qk0v’ g-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUGcsj’F 0v’F ] D

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

7e};t]u T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7e};t]u

{ glNv0v’0v’0v’0v’0v’0hvpD{ ltrkcsj’csj’csj’csj’csj’-kfD{ { { { { mtok7kocsj’csj’csj’csj’csj’lDxDx ]k;D

xt3spd T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7e};t]u

{ okp76gxaoc,jry,0v’0v’0v’0v’0v’-kfD

110

@D(@ D(@ D(@ D(@ D( .-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[lt4komuj.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[lt4komuj.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[lt4komuj.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[lt4komuj.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[lt4komuj

lyj’muj9tg-njv,,u 7e}0=h7;k,T7e}0=h7;k,F muj[vddjP;da[lt4komuj g-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUG mujF.oF ovdF rkp.oF rkpovdF .8hF dhv’F gmy’F g|nvF [qoF Iy,F c7,F cxt ]

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

7e};t]u T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7e};t]u

{ wxg[yj’wfhmujmujmujmujmujlt|k,dy]kD

xt3spd T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7e};t]u

{ g0qkovo16j.o.o.o.o.ogInvoD{ { { { { de,tdvogIaf;Pd16jovdovdovdovdovds=radoadlbdlkD{ ]k;Ia[zyf-v[g0frkpovdrkpovdrkpovdrkpovdrkpovdvk7koIPoD

@ D)@ D)@ D)@ D)@ D) .-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[g;]k.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[g;]k.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[g;]k.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[g;]k.-hg-n jv,7e}0=h7;k,muj[vddjP;da[g;]k

lyj’muj9tg-njv,,u 7e}0=h7;k,T7e}0=h7;k,F muj[vddjP;da[g;]k g-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUG ,NFdjvoF 7aog,njvF rkp]5oF 9qog4y’F 9qo8ts^vfF gmQkg4y’F xt,koF lhP’F ] D

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

7e};t]u T 7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv,7eg-njv, T 7e};t]u

{ m5d7qo9t8hv’8njo8vo8vo8vo8vo8vog-QkD{ g0qkwx3I’IPodjvodjvodjvodjvodjvo\66j{ r;dgIqkradzjvoxt,ko xt,ko xt,ko xt,ko xt,ko #W okmuD{ 7aog,njv7aog,njv7aog,njv7aog,njv7aog,njv0hvp,kg4y’]k;d=|umaomuD

# D# D# D# D# D s^addko.-h7e8+s^ addko.-h7e8+s^ addko.-h7e8+s^ addko.-h7e8+s^ addko.-h7e8+

#D! 8+7eF 0=h7;k, s^n xt3spdmuj]vpwx8k,dao#D! 8+7eF 0=h7;k, s^n xt3spdmuj]vpwx8k,dao#D! 8+7eF 0=h7;k, s^n xt3spdmuj]vpwx8k,dao#D! 8+7eF 0=h7;k, s^n xt3spdmuj]vpwx8k,dao#D! 8+7eF 0=h7;k, s^n xt3spdmuj]vpwx8k,dao

0=h7;k,muj]vp8k,dao sn vto53],wxoedao c,jod5j,7egsqjkoUG da[F ma’F c]tF 9bj’F d=9bj’F7aoF 7ao;jk ] D

ສ.ວ.ສ

111

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

7e T 7e8+7e8+7e8+7e8+7e8+ T 7e T 7e T ;t]u

{ vhkpda[da[da[da[da[ohv’wx3I’IPoxt4q,lq,[6oD{ r+c]tc]tc]tc]tc]tc,jrkdaowx1k,gvNvp0hvpD

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 7e}0=h7;k,

{ 0hvpvk[oEc]h;d=9bj’d=9bj’d=9bj’d=9bj’d=9bj’ovoD{ 0hvp[+g[yj’ma’ma’ma’ma’ma’[+lqo.9D

xt3spd T7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T xt3spd

{ r;dg0qk[+I6h7ao7ao7ao7ao7ao0hvp[+g;Qk.sh2a’D{ r+c,jr6,.9s^kp7ao;7ao;7ao;7ao;7ao;jk]6dgxao7qofuD

# D@# D@# D@# D@# D@ 8+0=h7;k,muj0afdao8+0=h7;k,muj0afdao8+0=h7;k,muj0afdao8+0=h7;k,muj0afdao8+0=h7;k,muj0afdao

0=h7;k,muj0afdao s^n 0afcph’dao c,jod5j,7egsqjkoUG c8jF c8j;jkF d=F 4hkF c,jo;jkF ]

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 0=h7;k,

{ gryjo[+xt;Pd’ko4hk4hk4hk4hk4hk[+g9a[w0hD

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T xt3spd

{ /qo8qdc8jc8jc8jc8jc8jcffvvdD

# D## D## D## D## D# 8+0= h7;k,8jk’/jkp8+0= h7;k,8jk’/jkp8+0= h7;k,8jk’/jkp8+0= h7;k,8jk’/jkp8+0= h7;k,8jk’/jkp

8+0=h7;k,8jk’/jkp c,jodko8+0=h7;k,,u]adltotcpd16j7qo]t/jkpwfhcdj7egsqjkoUG lj;oFlj;o;jkF /jkpF /jkp;jkF vao|bj’vudF vud1jk’|bj’ ] D

112

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 0=h7;k,

{ ]k;xt8y[af8k,]t[P[wfhfuc]h;vao|bj’vudvao|bj’vudvao|bj’vudvao|bj’vudvao|bj’vudpa’]tfq,\6jgrnjvoD

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T xt3spd

{ r;dz6h-kp.sh8adoElj;o;jklj;o;jklj;o;jklj;o;jklj;o;jkc,jpy’.shx6dzadD

# D$# D$# D$# D$# D$ 8+0=h7;k,mujgxaogsfgxaozqo8+0=h7;k,mujgxaogsfgxaozqo8+0=h7;k,mujgxaogsfgxaozqo8+0=h7;k,mujgxaogsfgxaozqo8+0=h7;k,mujgxaogsfgxaozqo

8+0=h7;k,mujgxaogsfgxaozqo c,jodko8+c[[0=h7;k,|bj’gxaolkgsf c]t vud0=h7;k,|bj’gxaozqo g-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUG grktF grkt;jkF phvoF phvo;jkF fh;p;jkF gsf;jkF ltoAoF fh;pgsfoAoFgrktltoAoF grktDDD9bj’ ] D

8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G8q;1jk’37’lhk’G

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 0=h7;k,

{ gIqkgIaffugrktgrktgrktgrktgrkt1kdwfhfuD

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T xt3spd

{ -k;okwfhzqozt]yfs^kpphvo;jkphvo;jkphvo;jkphvo;jkphvo;jkg0qkg9Qk,u7;k,f5\ajoD

# D&# D&# D&# D&# D& 8+0= h7;k,c[[c[j’Ia[c[j’l6h8+0= h7;k,c[[c[j’Ia[c[j’l6h8+0= h7;k,c[[c[j’Ia[c[j’l6h8+0= h7;k,c[[c[j’Ia[c[j’l6h8+0= h7;k,c[[c[j’Ia[c[j’l6h

8+0=h7;k,c[[c[j’Ia[c[j’l6h c,jodko8+0=h7;k,muj[+cojovo sn gxaodko7kf7tgogvqkg-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUG 4hkF 4hk;jkF skdF skd;jkF zy;jkF c,jo;jkF g;Aoc8jF g;Ao9kdF ovd9kd ] D

37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 0=h7;k,

{ ]k;vkf9tg9a[s^kp4hk4hk4hk4hk4hk0kflt8yD

ສ.ວ.ສ

113

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T xt3spd

{ g0qk7q’8kpc]h;4hk;jk4hk;jk4hk;jk4hk;jk4hk;jkg0qk16jwdmjko\=D

7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 0=h7;k, T xt3spd

{ skdskdskdskdskd[+wfhwx1k, 0hvp9t0Po9qf\kp4k,0jk;g9QkD D

0=h7;k, T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T xt3spd

{ 1jk]n,c;jgInvo0hvpskd;jkskd;jkskd;jkskd;jkskd;jkg9Qkwx[5o;afr69exkladD

# D*# D*# D*# D*# D* 8+0= h7;k,.shg]nvdgvqk8+0= h7;k,.shg]nvdgvqk8+0= h7;k,.shg]nvdgvqk8+0= h7;k,.shg]nvdgvqk8+0= h7;k,.shg]nvdgvqk

8+0=h7;k,c[[g]nvdgvqk c,jodko8+0=h7;k,muj4k, sn .shg]nvdgvqk1jk’.f1jk’|bj’ g-yj’wfhcdj7egs^qjkoUG s^nF s^n[+F [+faj’oAo ] D

37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 0=h7;k,

{ g9Qk,adIPo s^ns^ns^ns^ns^n ,adsYody]kD{ g9Qk9twx s^n [+s^n [+s^n [+s^n [+s^n [+d=8k,.9

xt3spd T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T xt3spd

{ g9Qk8hv’IPo|a’ln[+faj’oAo[+faj’oAo[+faj’oAo[+faj’oAo[+faj’oAog9Qk8hv’wxovoD

# D(# D(# D(# D(# D( 8+0= h7;k,c[[xP[mP[8+0= h7;k,c[[xP[mP[8+0= h7;k,c[[xP[mP[8+0= h7;k,c[[xP[mP[8+0= h7;k,c[[xP[mP[

8+0=h7;k,c[[xP[mP[ c,jodko8+0=h7;k,muj,u,t3ork[ 9kdok,,tmewx.ljI6[xtmes^n ok,,tmemujc9j,c9h’d;jk g-yj’wfhcdj7egsqjkoUG 7nfaj’F f5f9tfaj’F g\nvofaj’F g\nvo;jkF xkoFxko;jkF Ik;F Ik;da[F rP’F rP’faj’ ] D

114

37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G37’lhk’8q;1jk’G

0h=7;k, T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 0=h7;k,}xt3spd

{ wddaoxkoxkoxkoxkoxko2hkda[fyoD{ g9a[[kf.f7n;jksq;7n;jksq;7n;jksq;7n;jksq;7n;jksq;.9-y0kfD

7e}0=h7;k, T 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ 7e8+ T 0h=7;k,

{ g1ao7nda[7nda[7nda[7nda[7nda[9a[oEdhvopk,|k;D{ 2v’oE.spjIk;Ik;Ik;Ik;Ik;|j;pr6g0qkD

7e4k,7e4k,7e4k,7e4k,7e4k,

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{ dko7hkdko7hkdko7hkdko7hkdko7hk XCommerce? \kpg4y’ dkoc]dxjPolyj’0v’fh;pg’yo8kF ;af45 sn 0=h8qd]q’vnjoMD{ s=dko7hks=dko7hks=dko7hks=dko7hks=dko7hk XChamber of Commerce? \kpg4y’ lt,k7q, sn dj5,r+7hk];,8q;dao grnjvlqj’

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{ ]k7k]vp ]k7k]vp ]k7k]vp ]k7k]vp ]k7k]vp XNominal price? \kpg4y’ ]k7klyo7hkmjug;Qkrk’Mw;h sn xt,kogmqjkoAogmqjkoU[kf-N0kpdaocmhM9t[+c,jo]k7koAoD

{ rk;tg’yog2Urk;tg’yog2Urk;tg’yog2Urk;tg’yog2Urk;tg’yog2U XNational inflation? \kpg4y’ ltrk[mk’glf4tdyfmju,uxt]y,kog’yo\6o;Pos^kp c]t ,udko.-h9jkpl6’ gIaf.sh]k7klyo7hkl6’0BooeD

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