TCN 68 - 132: 1998

(Sot xt ln 1)

CP THNG TIN KIM LOI DNG CHO MNG IN THOI NI HT

YU CU K THUT

MULTIPAIR METALLIC TELEPHONE CABLES FOR LOCAL NETWORKS TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

2

MC LC Li ni u...................................................................................................................... 3 1. Phm vi p dng ........................................................................................................ 4 2. Thut ng, nh ngha v cc ch vit tt ................................................................ 4 3. Yu cu k thut ........................................................................................................ 8

3.1 Cc ch tiu c l............................................................................................... 8 3.2 Cc ch tiu in.............................................................................................. 12

4. Cc yu cu chung khi o cc thng s ca cp ..................................................... 17 4.1 Phng tin o ................................................................................................ 17

4.2 Chn mu th .................................................................................................. 17 4.3 Ni dung bn kt qu o.................................................................................. 18

4.4 Cc php o chi tit c trnh by trong ph lc B ........................................ 18 5. Quy nh v bao gi, vn chuyn............................................................................. 18 Ph lc A1(Quy nh): Dy dn ................................................................................... 20 Ph lc A2 (Quy nh): Cch in ca dy dn .......................................................... 21 Ph lc A3 (Quy nh): n nh nhit v bn mi trng................................ 22 Ph lc A4 (Quy nh): di tiu chun ca cp thnh phm ................................ 23 Ph lc A5 (Quy nh): Bng lut mu........................................................................ 24 Phc lc A6 (Quy nh): Mt s yu cu chung i vi cp thnh phm .................. 25 Ph lc Bl (Tham kho): Cc php o thng s in ca cp..................................... 26 Ph lc B2 (Tham kho): ngm nc ..................................................................... 39 TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................... 40

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

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LI NI U

Tiu chun TCN 68 - 132: 1998 thay th tiu chun 68-TCN 132-94. TCN 68 - 132: 1998 c sa i ln th nht trn c s cc khuyn ngh

ca Lin minh Vin thng quc t - ITU, U ban k thut in v in t Quc t - IEC v Hip hi cc nh sn xut cp thng tin - ICEA.

TCN 68 - 132: 1998 do Vin Khoa hc k thut Bu in bin son, V Khoa hc cng ngh - Hp tc quc t ngh v c Tng cc Bu in ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 810/1998 Q-TCB ngy 29 thng 12 nm 1998 ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Bu in.

V KHOA HC CNG NGH - HP TC QUC T

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

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CP THNG TIN KIM LOI DNG CHO MNG IN THOI NI HT

YU CU K THUT

MULTIPAIR METALLIC TELEPHONE CABLES FOR LOCAL NETWORKS TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT

(Ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 810/1998/Q-TCB ngy 29 thng 12 nm 1998 ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Bu in)

1. Phm vi p dng 1.1 Tiu chun TCN 68 - 132: 1998 bao gm cc yu cu k thut c bn i vi cp thng tin dy dn bng ng, cch in bng nha chuyn dng trn c s polyethylene dng cho mng in thoi ni ht.

1.2 Tiu chun ny c p dng cho cc loi cp lp t trong cng, cp lun trong ng nha v cp treo, bao gm cp c nhi du v khng nhi du chng m.

1.3 Tiu chun ny lm s c cho vic hp chun cp thnh phm.

1.4 Yu cu k thut quy nh ti cc ph lc A c p dng cho sn xut cp.

1.5 Tiu chun ny l mt trong nhng s c cho vic thit k, thi cng, khai thc v bo dng cc mng cp ni ht.

2. Thut ng, nh ngha v cc ch vit tt 2.1 Cp cch in bng nha polyethylene c c m ho theo mu - A. (Solid Colour Coded Polyethylene Insulated Cable - CCP.

Cp thng tin dy dn bng ng c, cch in dy dn bng nha polyethylene c c m ho theo mu.

2.2 Cp cch in Foam-skin - A. Foam-skin Polyethylene lnsulated Cable - FSP. Cp thng tin dy dn bng ng c, cch in dy dn bng in mi t

hp hai lp. Lp trong l nha xp (Foam PE), lp ngoi l nha polyethylene c c m ho theo mu.

2.3 Cp nhi du - A. Jelly Filled Cable - JF

Tt c cc khe h gia cc dy cch in, gia cc b nhm con cng nh gia cc b nhm ln ca cp c nhi y mt loi du dng ngn hi m,

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

5

nc khuch tn vo trong hay lan dc theo li cp. Du chng m l mt hn hp ng nht m bo tnh cch in trong thi gian s dng, khng gy nh hng n tnh cht vt liu cch in v c tnh truyn dn ca cp, khng hi da, trong sut khng nh hng n vic phn bit mu ca cc i dy.

2.4 Cp treo - A. Self- Supporting Cable - SS Cp c dy treo bng thp m km gm mt hoc vi si xon li vi nhau,

c v c lin kt cng khi vi v cp, to nn mt ct ngang hnh s 8. Dy thp dng treo cp v tng cng bn c hc khi lp t ngoi tri.

2.5 Cp lp t trong cng - A. Duct Installation Cable Cp khng c phn dy treo i km, c kh nng chu nc, c lp t

trong ng hoc cng cp.

2.6 Bng/dy b nhm - A. Binder Tape Bng bng cht do (thng bng vt liu trn c s polyolefin) c kch th-

c ph hp, c cc mu theo qui nh dng b cht v phn bit cc nhm cp.

2.7 Bng b li cp - A. Core Wrapping Tape

Bng chu nhit thng bng vt liu polyme khng mu hoc mu t nhin, bn in v k m, c kch thc ph hp dng b cht, lm trn kt cu cp, tng cng kh nng ngn m, gim cc tc ng c nhit hc ti cch in dy dn trong qu trnh sn xut v lp t cp.

2.8 in dung khng cn bng gia i vi i - CUPP - A. Capacitance Unbalance Pair-to-Pair.

CUPP: l mc khng cn bng v in dung gia bn dy dn ca hai i dy cp c biu din nh hnh 1 v c xc nh theo cng thc:

CUPP(pF) = (CAD + CBC) - (CAC+ CBD) (1)

2.9 Mn che tnh in - A. Internal Screen

Mn che nm trong cu trc cp, c cu to bi mt lp kim loi mng st lp v nha c tc dng gim mc nhiu.

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Hnh 1: in dung gia cc dy dn

2.10 Gi tr cn qun phng in dung khng cn bng gia i vi i - A. Capacitance Unbalance Pair-to-Pair Root Mean Square

Gi tr cn qun phng in dung khng cn bng gia i dy vi i dy biu th mc nh hng trung bnh gia cc dy v mt in dung v c tnh bng pF theo cng thc:

n

C)pF(C

n

1k

2k

rms

-= (2)

Trong :

n: s t hp hai i dy trong N i, n = n(n - l)/2;

Ck: in dung khng cn bng gia hai i dy i, j bt k trong N i dy.

2.11 in dung khng cn bng gia i dy v t - A. Capacitance Unbalance Pair-to-Ground

in dung khng cn bng gia hai dy dn ca mt i dy so vi cc i cn li c ni vi mn che ca cp v tt c c ni t, c biu din nh hnh 2 v c xc nh theo cng thc (3):

CUPG(pf) = CAL. - CBL. (3)

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Hnh 2: Cch xc nh in dung khng cn bng gia i dy v dt

2.12 Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u xa - A. Power Sum Equal Level Far End Crosstalk - P.S ELFEXT.

Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u xa ca mt i dy l tng mc suy gim nng lng tn hiu gy xuyn m u xa ca tt c cc i cn li i vi u xa ca i dy ang xt (hnh 3).

Hnh 3: Cch xc nh suy hao xuyn m

Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m ca i dy th i, IPSL l c tnh theo cng thc (4):

-= =

-n

iJ1j

)10/m( ji10lg10)dB(,IPS (4)

Trong : n: S t hp hai i dy trong N i dy, n = N(N-1)/2. N: S i dy trong cp. mji: Suy hao cng sut xuyn m t di dy j sang i dy i, dB. mji (ELFEXT) = -10lg(PIF/PjF)

PJN, PJF, PIN, PIF l cng sut pht v cng sut thu c trn cc ti phi hp tr khng, W.

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Gi tr trung bnh suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u xa ca c cun cp c xc nh nh sau:

=

=n

1ii )IPS(n

1 APS(dB) (5)

2.13 Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u gn - A. Power Sum Near End Crosstalk Loss - P.S. NEXT

Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u gn ca mt i dy l tng mc suy gim nng lng tn hiu gy xuyn m u gn ca tt c cc i dy cn li i vi u gn ca i dy ang xt.

Thng s ny c tnh ton da trn s liu o c ca tng i theo cng thc (4), trong mji c thay th bng nji(dB) l suy hao cng sut xuyn m u gn. Suy hao cng sut xuyn m u gn nji c tnh theo cng thc (6).

nji(NEXT) = -10lg (PIN/PJN) (6)

3. Yu cu k thut

3.1 Cc ch tiu c l

3.1.1 Dy dn 3.1.1.1 ng knh ca dy dn phi tho mn cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 1 .

Bng 1: ng knh tiu chun ca dy dn ng knh tiu chun

mm Sai s cho php

mm 0,32 0,01 0,40 0,01 0,50 0,01 0,65 0,05 0,90 0,02

3.1.1.2 Cng lc ko t v gin di khi t Cng lc ko t v d gin di khi t ca dy dn (sau y gi l

gin di dy dn) vi cc ng knh khc nhau phi ln hn cc gi tr qui nh trong bng 2.

Mu th nghim l mt on dy dn khng c v bc cch in nhit phng, di 30 cm, nh du hai u, di ca phn mu th gia hai im nh du l 25 cm. gin di dy dn c tnh theo cng thc (7):

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E (%) = 100 x (L - 25)/25 (7)

Trong : L l di tng cng ca on nh du sau khi t c ghp li, cm.

3.1.2 Cch in ca dy dn 3.1.2.1 dy xuyn tm ca v cch in dy dn c chn sao cho m bo cc chi tiu in kh nu trong bn tiu chun ny (xem ph lc A2).

Bng 2: Cng lc ko t v gin di khi t ca dy dn ng knh dy dn

mm gin di dy dn

% Cng lc ko t

dy dn kgf/mm2

0,32 10 20 0,40 12 20 0,50 15 20 0,65 20 20 0,90 22 20

3.1.2.2 Cng lc ko t v gin di khi t ca v cch in dy dn

Mu th nghim l mt on dy cch in c rt b phn dy dn, di 15 cm, nh du hai u, di ca phn mu th gia hai im nh du l 10 cm.

Dng thc o ph hp o lin tc chiu di gia hai im nh du trong sut qu trnh ko t. gin di khi t ca v cch in dy dn c tnh theo cng thc (8).

E(%) = 100 x [L - 10]/10 (8)

Trong : L l di gia hai im nh du ti thi im t, cm.

Mu th c a vo my ko, tc ko l 50 20 mm/pht nhit phng. Cng lc ko t v gin di khi t phi ln hn cc gi tr qui nh trong bng 3.

Bng 3: Cng lc ko t v gin di khi t ca v cch in dy dn , Ch tiu Tham s

Cp CCP Cp FSP Cng lc ko t, kgf/mm2 1,05 1,05 gin di khi t, % 400 300

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3.1.3 V cp 3.1.3.1 dy trung bnh ca v cp ph thuc vo kch thc li cp v c quy nh trong bng 4. oval cho php ca cp phi nh hn hoc bng 10%.

oval c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

100xd

dd(%)Omin

minmax -=

Trong : dmax: ng knh ngoi ln nht ca cp. dmin: ng knh ngoi nh nht ca cp.

Bng 4: dy trung bnh tiu chun ca v cp

ng knh li cp mm

dy trung bnh tiu chun ca v cp

mm

ng knh li cp mm

dy trung bnh tiu chun ca v cp

mm 15,0 v nh hn 1,5 45,1 n 50,0 2,5

15,1 n 20,0 1,8 50,1 n 55,0 2,7 20,1 n 25,0 1,9 55,1 n 60,0 2,8 25,1 n 30,0 2,0 60,1 n 65,0 2,9 30,1 n 35,0 2,1 65,1 n 70,0 3,0 35,1 n 40,0 2,3 70,1 n 75,0 3,1 45,1 n 50,0 2,4 75,1 v ln hn 3,2

dy trung bnh nh nht ca v cp khng c nh hn 90% dy

trung bnh tiu chun.

3.1.3.2 Cng lc ko t v gin di khi t ca v cp

Vt liu v cp c th nghim phi c cng lc ko t v gin di khi t ln hn cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 5.

Bng 5: Cng lc ko t v gin di khi t ca v cp Cng lc ko t

kgf/mm2 gin di khi t

% 1,2 400

3.1.4 Dy treo cp 3.1.4.1 Dy treo cp l dy thp m km, loi c cng chu lc cao gm t 1 n 7 si c xon li vi nhau ngc chiu kim ng h.

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Hnh 4: Mt ct ca cp treo

3.1.4.2 Dy treo cp phi c lc ko t v gin di ph hp vi trng lng cp khong cch treo cp v chu c tc ng ca mi trng nh gi, bo, v.v...

3.1.4.3 dy v phn dy treo cp v kch thc dy treo phi tho mn cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 6.

3.1.5 Yu cu v n nh nhit v bn mi trng 3.1.5.1 Vt liu v cp

Vt liu lm v cp phi c tc dng bo v rut cp vi do, bn, dai cn thit trnh s c khi thi cng v m bo an ton cho cp trong iu kin lm vic. V cp phi c kh nng bo v cp khi cc tc ng sau:

- Cc h hng v c, nhit hc trong qu trnh lp t theo qui trnh hin hnh;

- Cc loi cn trng gm nhm;

- Cc tc ng ca mi trng.

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Bng 6: Kch thc dy treo cp dy v bc phn dy treo Phn c dy treo S si v ng

dinh si/dy treo mm

dy tiu chun mm

Gii hn cho php mm

Chiu cao mm

rng mm

1/2,6 1,0 0,9 - 1,1 2,0 1,0 2,0 1,0 7/1,2 1,0 0,9 - 1,1 2,0 1,0 2,0 1,0 7/1,6 1,0 0,95 - 1,2 2,0 1,0 2,0 1,0 7/2,0 1,0 0,95 - 1,3 2,0 1,0 2,0 1,0

3.1.5.2 chu un nhit thp ca vt liu cch in dy dn

Mu vt liu cch in dy dn (k c dy dn) c qun 5 vng trn thanh trn hnh tr c ng knh khng ln hn 3 ln ng knh ngoi ca dy cch in v c th nghim nhit -40 10C trong 1 gi. nguyn mu trn thanh th, kim tra mu vt liu, nu khng c vt nt l t.

3.2 Cc ch tiu in

3.2.1 in tr dy dn in tr mt chiu ca 1 km chiu di dy dn khi o nhit 20C hoc

c qui i v gi tr nhit ny khng c vt qu cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 7.

Khi o nhit t khc vi 200C th gi tr in tr mt chiu c quy i v gi tr in tr nhit t0 = 200C theo cng thc:

]200t(00393,01/[R)km/(R tt0 -+=W (10)

Trong d:

0tR : in tr mt chiu ca 1 km chiu di dy dn quy i v 200C.

Rt : in tr dy dn o c nhit t0C.

Bng 7: in tr dng mt chiu ca dy dn in tr mt chiu ca dy dn

W/km ng knh dy dn

mm Gi tr trung bnh cc i Gi tr c bit cc i

0,32 220,0 239,0 0,40 139,0 147,0 0,50 88,7 93,5 1,65 52,5 56,5 0,90 27,4 29,0

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i vi cp t 100 i tr ln, cho php 1% s i trong cun cp khng t yu cu v in tr c bit cc i.

3.2.2 Mc mt cn bng in tr Mc mt cn bng in tr ca mt i dy c xc nh nh sau:

100xR

RR(%)Rmin

minmaxmcb

-= (11)

Trong :

Rmax: gi tr in tr mt chiu ln nht trong i dy.

Rmin : gi tr in tr mt chiu ca dy cn li.

Mc mt cn bng in tr gia hai dy dn ca mt i dy bt k trong cun cp thnh phm khi c xc nh nhit 200C hoc c qui i v gi tr nhit ny khng c vt qu cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 8.

Bng 8: Mc mt cn bng in tr 2OOC ng knh dy dn

mm Gi tr trung bnh cc i

% Gi tr c bit cc i

% 0,32 2,0 5,0 0,40 2,0 5,0 0,50 1,5 5,0 0,65 1,5 4,0 0,90 1,5 4,0

i vi cp t 100 i tr ln, cho php 1% s i trong cun cp khng t yu cu v mc mt cn bng in tr c bit cc i.

3.2.3 in dung cng tc in dung cng tc l in dung tng h gia hai dy dn ca mt i dy

khi tt c cc i cn li c ni vi mn che v tt c c ni t.

Trong mt cun cp bt k, in dung cng tc ca tt c cc i dy c o tn s 1 kHz v nhit 200C khng c vt qu cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 9.

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Bng 9: in dung cng tc Gi tr trung bnh cc i

nF/km Gi tr c bit cc i

nF/km S i trong cp

Loi cp FSP CCP FSP CCP

12 i tr xung 52 4 55 58 60 13 i tr ln 52 55 57 60

i vi cp t 100 i tr ln, cho php 1% s i trong cun cp khng t

yu cu v gi tr in dung c bit cc i.

3.2.4 in dung khng cn bng 3.2.4.1 in dung khng cn bng gia cc i dy v gia cc i dy vi t trong cp thnh phm tn s 1 kHz v nhit 200c khng c vt qu cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 10

Bng 10: in dung khng cn bng in dung khng cn bng gia

i vi i pF/km

in dung khng cn bng gia i vi t

pF/km S i trong cp

Gi tr c bit cc i

Gi tr cn qun phng cc i,

rms

Gi tr c bit cc i

Gi tr trung bnh cc i

12 i tr xung 181 - 2625 - 13 i tr ln 145 45,6 2625 656

i vi cp t 100 i tr ln, cho php 1% s i trong cun cp khng t

yu cu v gi tr din dung khng cn bng c bit cc i.

3.2.4.2 i vi cc cun cp c di khc vi 1000 m, in dung khng cn bng gia i vi i c qui i v gi tr ng vi di 1000 m theo cng thc sau:

ll1000C)km/pF(km1C UPPUPP = (12)

Trong :

l : chiu di ca cun cp, m. CUPP 1km: in dung qui i v gi tr 1000 m.

lUPPC : in dung ca cun cp c di l .

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3.2.4.3 in dung khng cn bng gia i dy v t c xc nh trc tip theo di cp. Khi xc nh in dung khng cn bng gia i vi t, tt c cc i cn li phi c ni vi mn che v ni t.

3.2.5 in tr cch in in tr cch in ca mi dy c bc cch in so vi tt c cc dy

khc v vi mn che ca cp thnh phm mi chiu di c o 200c phi ln hn 10.000 MWkm.

in p o th l in p mt chiu bng 350 V cho cp ang s dng v bng 500 V cho cp xut xng, thi gian o l 1 pht.

3.2.6 chu din p cao mt chiu Cch in gia cc dy dn v gia dy dn vi mn che ca cp trn sut

chiu di ca cp thnh phm phi chu c in p mt chiu t trn c gi tr ln hn hoc bng cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 11 trong thi gian 3 giy.

Bng11: chu in p cao mt chiu in p th mt chiu, kV

Gia dy dn v dy dn Gia dy dn v mn tnh in ng knh dy dn

mm Cch in CCP Cch in FS Cch in CCP Cch in FS

0,32 2,0 1,5 5 5 0,40 2,8 2,4 10 10 0,50 4,0 3,0 10 10 0,65 5,0 3,6 10 10 0,90 7,0 4,5 10 10

3.2.7 Suy hao truyn dn

Gi tr trung bnh cc i ca suy hao truyn dn c o ti tn s 1 kHz, 150 kHz v 772 kHz v nhit 200C hoc quy i v gi tr nhit c quy nh trong bng 12.

Bng 12: Suy hao truyn dn Gi tr trung bnh cc i ca suy hao truyn dn dB/km ng knh dy dn

mm 1 kHz 150 kHz 772 kHz 0,32 2,37 3% 16,30 31,60 0,40 1,85 3% 12,30 23,60 0,50 1,44 3% 8,90 19,80 0,65 1,13 3% 6,0 13,9 0,90 0,82 3% 5,40 12,00

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i vi cp t 100 i tr ln, cho php 1% s i trong cun cp khng t yu cu v gi tr suy hao truyn dn c bit cc i. Gi tr suy hao truyn dn c bit cc i c tnh bng 1100C gi tr trung bnh quy nh trong bng 12.

3.2.8 Suy hao xuyn m 3.2.8.1 Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m trung bnh u xa v suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m c bit u xa trn cp thnh phm c o ti cc tn s 150 kHz v 772 kHz phi ln hn gi tr trong bng l3. Trong bng 13, l ng knh dy dn.

Bng 13: Suy hao xuyn m u xa

Gi tr trung bnh ti thiu dB/km Gi tr trung bnh ti thiu dB/km , mm f, kHz 0,9 0,65 0,5 0,4 0,32 0,9 0,65 0,5 0,4 0,32 150 60 58 58 26 54 54 52 52 52 52 772 46 44 44 42 40 40 38 38 38 38

3.2.8.2 Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u xa c bit v suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u xa trung bnh, tnh theo n v dB, c th c xc nh theo cng thc (4) v (5).

Khi di cp c o khc vi 1000 m th quy i gi tr suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m v di 1000 m theo cng thc sau:

ELFEXT (Kx) = K0 - 20lg( Fx/F0)) - 10lg (Lx/L0) (13)

Trong :

K0: hao cng sut xuyn m u xa o c ti tn s F0 v di cp L0.

Kx: Suy hao cng sut xuyn m u xa quy i ti tn s F0 v di cp Lx

Lx =1000 m.

3.2.8.3 Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u gn trung bnh v suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u gn c bit c o trong mi nhm bt k ca cp thnh phm ti tn s 1 50 kHz v 772 kHz phi ln hn gi tr trong bng 1 4.

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Bng 14: Suy hao xuyn m u gn Tn s

kHz Gi tr trung bnh ti thiu

dB/km Gi tr trung bnh c bit

dB/km 150 58 53 772 47 42

3.2.8.4 Suy hao cng sut xuyn m du gn qui i i vi cp c chiu di khc 1000 m) t on cp c chiu di 'L0' sang on c chiu di Lx= 1000 m c xc nh tlleo cng thc sau:

)aL4exp(1)aL4exp(1lg10NN

0

x0t --

---= (14)

Trong :

a : suy hao truyn dn o c trn di cp 'L0,' tnh bng n v Nepe

N0: suy hao xuyn m u gn o c trn di cp 'L'0 'tnh bng dB.

Nx : suy hao xuyn m du gn quy i trn di Lx = 1000 m tnh bng

dB

L0: chiu di on cp cn xc nh xuyn m u gn, tnh bng m.

Lx: d di chun; (Lx = 1000 m)

e = 2,71828

adB = 8,686aN

4. Cc yu cu chung khi o cc thng s ca cp

4.1 Phng tin o Cc my o c s dng trong cng tc o kim phi cn hiu lc ca thi

hn kim nh.

4.2 Chn mu th Cc i dy trong cun cp c chn mt cch ngu nhin lm mu th theo

s lng:

- 5% vi cc cun cp c dung lng ln hn 100 i;

- 10%r vi cc cun cp c dung lng 100 i tr xung.

di ti thiu ca mu o th cho cc php o thng s in theo bng A4 ca ph lc A4 " di tiu chun ca cun cp".

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4.3 Ni dung bn kt qu o Bn kt qu cc php o thng s in ca cp bao gm kt qu chi tit ca

tng php o v c thm cc ni dung sau:

- Thng tin v mu cp: s i dy, ng knh dy. di cun cp, cht liu v bc, loi cp c nhi du, khng nhi du, s ca cun cp, hng sn xut;

- Tn v k hiu thit b o:

- Thi gian, ngy, thng. nm o kim;

- a im tin hnh o v nhng ngi thc hin;

- iu kin o kim;

- Phng php o hoc th tc o v lch (nu c) so vi th tc kim tra chun;

- Phm vi thay i trong php o nh lch chun trung bnh, lch chun ti thiu v lch chun ti a cng nh s thay i v iu kin mi trng o;

- Cc con s gi tr kt qu php o, quan st trc tip trn my o hay rt ra t cc php tnh ton, cn c lm trn ti n v gn nht v tr cui cng bn phi con s c s dng trong chi tiu k thut ca cp biu th gi tr gii hn.

4.4 Cc php o chi tit c trnh by trong ph lc B

5. Quy nh v bao gi, vn chuyn 5. 1 C hai u ca mi cun cp phi c bt kn trnh hi m thm nhp

5.2 Cp phi c qun trn bbin. ng knh ca bbin phi ln trnh hng cp khi cun hoc ra cp.

5.3 Bbin cun cp phi c kt cu chc chn, ngn nga h hng cp trong qu trnh bc xp, nng , vn chuyn.

5.4 u ngoi cng ca cp phi c c nh chc chn trnh lng cp khi vn chuyn. u trong cng ca cp phi c a ra ngoi khi cn c th tin hnh o th d dng.

5.5 Trn mi cun cp phi in r mi tn ch chiu ln cp v v tr cui ca cp trnh s c khi ln cun cp.

5.6 Trn c hai mt ca bbin cp phi ghi r rng nhng thng tin sau:

- Mi tn ch chiu ln cp, v tr u cui cp;

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

19

- Tn hng, cng ty sn xut;

- Thng, nm sn xut;

- M t cp (s i, ng knh dy dn, kiu, loi cp);

- di thc t ca cp;

- S ca cun cp;

- Trng lng cp, trng lng tng ca c cun cp;

- Du kim tra cht lng ca cng ty sn xut.

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

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Ph lc A1 (Quy nh)

DY DN

Tt c dy dn trong cp phi l cc dy ng c tinh khit cao (lin c), qua mm, c ko rt mt cch trn nhn, c mt ct hnh trn, cht lng ng u v khng c bt k mt khuyt tt no. Dy dn phi m bo cc yu cu v kch thc. in tr ln nht ca 1 mm2 tit din dy dn vi chiu di 1 km c o nhit 200C khng c vt qu 17,24 W.

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

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Ph lc A2 (Quy nh)

CCH IN CA DY DN

ng u ca b dy lp cch in xung quanh dy dn c xc nh theo ng tm (Ec,%) hoc t s gia dy xuyn tm nh nht v dy xuyn tm ln nht (dm/dM) ti mt ct bt k ca v cch in dy dn nh sau:

Ec(%) = [ i - (dM - dm)/(dM + dm)] x 100 (15)

dm/dM > 0,75

Trong :

dM : dy xuyn tm ln nht.

dm : dy xuyn tm nh nht ti cng mt mt ct.

Ec phi ln hn hoc bng 43%.

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Ph lc A3 (Quy nh)

N NH NHIT V BN MI TRNG

A3. 1 co ngt ca cch in dy dn Th t nht mt mu ca mi mu cch in trong mt nhm. Ngay trc khi

bt u th nghim tin hnh ct cc on mu th nghim ca dy cch in (k c dy dn) di 20 cm phn gia ca cc on cp thnh phm di 1,5 m, sau ct tip hai u cc mu ni trn nhn c mu th nghim di 15 cm.

Cc mu 15 cm c t trong t gia nhit c khng kh lun chuyn trong 4 gi nhit 115 10C. co ngt l tng cng co ngt lp cch in dy dn trn c 2 u mu th. Gi tr tnh c khng ln hn 10 mm (tng ng vi 6,7%).

A3.2 V cp

A3.2. 1 co ngt ca v cp Mu ca vt liu v cp c ly t cp thnh phm di 51 mm, rng 6,4 mm

c t trong t gia nhit, c kh lun chuyn trong 4 gi nhit 115 10C. Sau ly ra, lm ngui bng khng kh, co ngt tng cng khng c vt qu 5% so vi din tch ban u. A3.2.2 bm dnh ca v cp vi bng nhm

i vi cp c bng nhm lm mn che tnh in v ngn m, lc ko khi th bm dnh gia v cp vi bng nhm khng c nh hn 0,8 N cho mi mm b rng mu khi th nhit 18 n 270C.

A3.3 chy du (i vi cp c nhi du) Cp nhi du phi t c cc yu cu v th chy du nh sau:

Mu th l mt on cp thnh phm di 30 cm. Ti mt u ca on mu, bc v cp v lp bng nhm mt on di 15 cm. Sau bc mt on lp bng chu nhit (P/S tape) di 10 cm h li cp ra. Tch ri cc i dy cp v treo mu th vo bung gia nhit vi u b bc v hng xung di. t nhit th nghim l 65 10C. Sau 24 gi ly mu th ra, khng c c mt git du no chy ra.

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Ph lc A4 (Quy nh)

DI TIU CHUN CA CP THNH PHM

Bng A4: di tiu chun ca cun cp di ch to

m Dung lng cp

ng knh dy dn, mm 0,40 0,50 0,65 0,90

10 SS 1000 1000 1000 1000 20 SS 1000 1000 1000 1000 30 SS 1000 1000 1000 1000 50 SS 1000 1000 1000 - 100 SS 1000 1000 1000 - 200 SS 1000 1000 - - 300 SS 1000 1000 - -

100 LAP 1000 1000 1000 - 200 LAP 1000 1000 1000 - 300 LAP 1000 1000 5000 -

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Ph lc A5 (Quy nh)

BNG LUT MU

Bng A5: Bng lut mu ca cc i dy trong nhm c bn 25 i i s Mu dy (a-b) i s Mu dy (a-b)

1 trng-lam 14 en-nu 2 trng-cam 15 en-xm 3 trng-lc 16 vng-lam 4 trng-nu 17 vng-cam 5 trng-xm 18 vng- lc 6 -lam 19 vng-nu 7 -cam 20 vng-xm 8 -lc 21 tm-lam 9 -nu 22 tm-cam

10 -xm 23 tm-lc 11 -lam 24 tm-nu 12 -cam 25 tm-xm 13 -lc i d phng trng-

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Phc lc A6 (Quy nh)

MT S YU CU CHUNG I VI CP THNH PHM

A6. 1 Nhn bit nh sn xut Tn ca nh sn xut, nm sn xut phi c in trn bnng nhn bit t

di bng b cp chu nhit. Cc du hiu nhn bit phi lp i lp li dc theo sut chiu di cp vi khong cch khng ln hn 150 mm.

A6.2 nh s di cp A6.2.1 Tt c cc cun cp phi c nh s di lin tc ti cc khong cch u nhau 1 m bt u t "0 m" dc theo chiu di bn ngoi v cp.

A6.2.2 S nh di phi c c mt cch r rng.

A6.2.3 Sai s ca di c nh s phi nh hn 1%

di thc t ca cp khng c nh hn di nh s.

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Ph lc Bl (Tham kho)

CC PHP O THNG S IN CA CP

B1.1 Php o in tr mt chiu Thit b o Cu o Wheatstone hoc my o tng ng nh ng h Volt/ohm c

chnh xc 0,5%, hoc cc thit b o t ng, bn t ng c chc nng o in tr mt chiu.

S o: Theo s o a) hoc b).

R: biu th in tr ca mt si dy dn

a) S o in tr mt chiu ca mt si dy dn

l: chiu di i dy dn

b) S o in tr mt chiu ca mt si dy dn theo in tr vng ca i dy

Hnh B1.1: S o in tr mt chiu ca dy dn

Cc vn cn lu khi o:

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- Nu tin hnh o nhit t khc 20C th cn phi qui i kt qu o c v gi tr iu tr 20C theo cng thc (10).

- Nu di mu cp khc l km th phi qui i gi tr o c v di chun 1 km theo cng thc sau:

l/RR L= (16)

Trong :

R: gi tr in tr c qui i v 1 km, W

RL: gi tr in tr o c trn chiu di mu cp, W;

l : chiu di mu cp, km.

Bl .2. Phng php tnh mc mt cn bng in tr Mc mt cn bng in tr gia hai si ca bt k i dy no trong cun

cp thng c xc nh khi o in tr dy dn trong mc 1. Mc mt cn bng, Rmcb thng c tnh theo phn trm bng cng thc (11).

Bl .3. Php o in dung cng tc ca mt i dy trong cun cp Thit b o: - Cu o in dung, hoc

- Cc thit b o t ng, bn t ng c chc nng o in dung.

S o:

Hnh B1.2: S o in dung cng tc

in dung cng tc ca i dy c xc nh theo cng thc (17 ):

CM = Cab + (Cag + Cbg) / (Cag + Cbg) (17)

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Cc vn cn lu khi tin hnh o:

- Tn s o: 1000 Hz 100 Hz.

- Kh o phi m bo cc dy dn cn o khng b ngn mch hoc b ni t, cc i dy cn li trong cun cp phi c ni vi nhau, vi mn che v ton b c ni t.

- Nu di mu cp khc 1000 m th gi tr o c phi qui i v di tiu chun 1000 m bng cng thc (18):

1000CC0 l= (l8)

Trong :

C0: in dung cng tc, nF/1000 m;

C : in dung tng h o c, nF;

l : di ca cun cp, 1000 m.

B1.4. Php o in dung khng cn bng gia i dy vi t Thit b o: Thit b s dng o in dung khng cn bng gia i dy vi t nh

thit b o lng mc 3.

S o: nh hnh 2 trong mc 1.10.

Cc vn lu khi tin hnh o: - Gi tr in dung khng cn bng di dy vi t nh cng thc (3).

- Tn s tn hiu o: 1000 100 Hz.

- Khi di mu cp c o khc vi 1000 m, qui i gi tr in dung

khng cn bng v di 1000 m bng cng thc:

XYY1 = (19)

Trong :

Y1 : gi tr in dung khng cn bng qui i v l km;

Y: gi tr in dung khng cn bng o c trn di cun cp c o;

X : di cun cp, km. .

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B1 .5. Php o in dung khng cn bng gia i dy vi i dy Thit b o: Thit b s dng o in dung khng cn bng gia i dy

vi i dy tng t nh thit b o trong mc 3.

S o:

Hnh B1.3: S in dung khng cn bng gia i dy vi i dy

Cc vn cn lu khi o: - A, B v C, D l cc si ca hai i dy. .

- in dung khng cn bng gia i dy vi i dy, CUPP c tnh theo cng thc (1).

- Tn s tn hiu o: 1000 100 Hz. - Khi di mu cp c o khc vi 1000 m, qui i gi tr in dung

khng cn bng gia i dy vi i dy v di 1000 m bng cng thc:

XYY1 = (20)

Trong .

Y1 : gi tr in dung khng cn bng c qui i v di 1000 m;

Y: gi tr in dung khng cn bng o c

X: di cun cp, m.

- Kt qu o bao gm: gi tr cn qun phng, gi tr c bit cc i ca in dung khng cn bng gia i dy vi i dy.

B1.6. Php o suy hao truyn dn Thit b o

- My pht tn hiu sin

- My o cng sut chn tn.

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S o:

l: chiu di i dy

Hnh B1.4: S o suy hao truyn dn

Cc vn cn lu khi o: - C th dng php o hiu mc in.

- Chnh lch gia tr khng thit b o, in tr kt cui v tr khng c tnh ca i dy khng vt qu 1%.

- Cng thc tnh suy hao truyn dn, :

= -10lg(Pout/Pin) (21)

Trong :

: gi tr suy hao truyn dn o c, dB;

Pin: cng sut u vo;

Pout: cng sut u ra o c.

Nu tin hnh o nhit t khc 200C th cn phi qui i gi tr o c v gi tr suy hao truyn dn nhit 200C theo cng thc:

)]20t(0022,01[T

0 -+a

=a (22)

Trong :

: gi tr suy hao o c nhit t, dB;

0 : gi tr suy hao c qui i v 200C, dB.

- Tn s o suy hao truyn dn: 1 kHz; 150 kHz v 772 kHz.

- Nu chiu di mu cp khc 1000 m th phi qui i gi tr o c v di tiu chun 1 km bng cng thc:

l/1a=a (23)

Trong :

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31

1: gi tr suy hao truyn dn o c, dB;

: gi tr suy hao truyn dn c qui i v di 1000 m, dB/ lkm;

l : chiu di mu cp, km.

Bl .7. Php o suy hao xuyn m u gn Thit b o:

Hnh B1.5: S o suy hao xuyn m u gn

Cc vn lu khi tin hnh o: - Chnh lch gia tr khng thit b o, in tr kt cui v tr khng c tnh

ca i dy khng vt qu 1%

- Cng thc tnh suy hao xuyn m u gn, NEXTji:

)P/Plg(10)dB(NEXT jNNiji = (24)

Trong :

PjN: cng sut tn hiu a vo i dy gy xuyn m;

PiN : cng sut tn hiu ra ti u gn ti i dy b xuyn m.

- Suy hao xuyn m u gn c o ti cc tn s 150 kHz v 772 kHz.

- Tnh suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u gn theo cng thc (4).

- Kt qu php o bao gm gi tr suy hao xuyn m trung bnh, gi tr nh nht v suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u gn.

B1 .8. Php o suy hao xuyn m u xa Thit b o:

Yu cu v thit b o xuyn m u xa nh yu cu v thit b o xuyn m u gn trong mc Bl .7.

S o

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

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S o xuyn m u xa nh s trong hnh Bl .5.

Cc vn cn lu khi tin hn o:

Chnh lch gia tr khng thit b o, in tr kt cui v tr khng c tnh ca i dy cp khng vt qu 1%.

Cng thc tnh suy hao xuyn m u xa, FEXTji:

)P/Plg(10)dB(FEXT jFFiji = (25)

Trong :

PjF: cng sut tn hiu trn ti kt cui ti u xa ca i dy gy xuyn m

PiF: cng sut tn hiu trn ti kt cui u xa ca i dy b xuyn m.

- Thc hin php o suy hao xuyn m u xa ti tn s 150 kHz v 772 kHz.

- Tnh gi tr cn qun phng ca xuyn m u xa, rms FEXT, bng cng thc:

N

PP

lg10)dB(rmsFEXT

N

1KKjF

iF

ji

=

= (26):

Trong N l s ln o.

- Suy hao ca tng cng sut xuyn m u xa, P.S. FEXT, c tnh theo cng thc (4). .

B1 .9. Php o tr khng c tnh ca cp Tr khng c tnh c tnh qua cc thng s cp 1 (R, L, C) v tn s theo

cng thc:

CRj

CLZn w

-= vi cc tn s nh hn hoc bng 500 kHz (27)

CLZ0 = vi cc tn s ln hn 500 kHz (28)

Trong :

R: in tr ca dy dn, W/km;

L: in cm ca dy dn, H/km;

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

33

C: in dung cng tc ca dy dn, F/km;

w: tn s gc, w =2nf, rad; .

f: tn s cng tc, Hz.

Thit b o:

- Cu o tr khng, hoc

- Cc thit b t ng, bn t ng c chc nng tng ng cu o tr khng.

S o:

l: chiu di mu cp

a) Do tr khng h mch b) o tr khng ngn mch

Hnh B1.6: S o tr khng c tnh

Cc vn cn lu khi o: - Cng thc tnh tr khc c tnh:

SCOC0 Z.ZZ (29)

Trong :

Z0: tr khng c tnh ca di dy, W

ZOC: tr khng h mch ca i dy c o, W

ZSC: tr khng ngn mch ca di dy c o, D.

- Cng thc (29) c th p dng cho cc tn s o v di cp thay i t ch l phn s ca bc sng ti ch l bi s ca bc sng. Thng thng tin hnh o ti tn s 772 kHz v di mu cp l 1000 m. .

Bl.10. Php o in cm v in dn ca dy dn Bl.10.1 in cm tng h dy dn ph thuc vo kch thc hnh hc ca dy dn v nh hng ca phn b t trng quanh dy. Cc gi tr in cm dy dn o nhit 200C, tn s 1 kHz bng phng php u vng mt u khng c

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

34

vt qu cc ch tiu sau:

in cm dy dn cc i:

- 1,21 mH (cp khng nhi du);

- 1,39 mH (cp nhi du), cho tt c cc kch c dy.

Bl.10.2 o in cm tng h

Thit b o: - My o R, L, C.

S o:

Hnh B1.7: S o in cm tng h

Cc vn cn lu khi tin hnh o: - di i dy l 100 m, mt u ni vo my o, u kia ni ngn mch

nh trong hnh Bl .7.

Tn s o: 1000 100 Hz.

- Nu di mu cp khc 100 m, s dng cng thc qui i sau:

lL)m/H(L =m (30)

Trong :

L: gi tr in cm tng h o c, mH;

l : chiu di mu cp, m. Bl.10.3 o in dn

in dn ca dy dn ph thuc vo mi trng in mi quanh dy dn. in dn ca dy dn o nhit 200C tn s 1 kHz phi khng c vt qu 0,13 mS/km cho tt c cc kch c dy.

Trong trng hp o c in tr cch in th c th tnh trc tip in dn t gi tr in tr ny theo cng thc:

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35

G(mS/m) = 1/Rcd (31)

Trong :

G: in dn;

Rcd: in tr cch in.

Bl.10.4 o in dn tng h Thit b o: - Cu o tr khng c chc nng o in dn tng h, hoc

- Cc thit b t ng hoc bn t ng c chc nng tng ng.

S o:

l: chiu di i dy trong cun cp

Hnh B1.8: S o in dn tng h

Cc vn khi tin hnh o:

- Tn s o 1000 100 Hz.

- Nu di mu cp khc 1 km th qui i gi tr o c v di tiu chun l km theo cng thc (32):

lGG 0 = (32)

Trong . .

G0: gi tr in dn tng h c qui i v 1 km, mS/km;

G: gi tr in dn tng h o c, mS;

l : chiu di mu cp, km. Trong kt qu o cn a ra gi tr in dn tng h lnl nht.

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

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B1.11. Php o in tr cch in Thit b o: My o in tr cch in, Megaohmeter, c mc in p mt chiu t 100 V

n 550 V. Cc vn cn lu khi o: - Thi gian o: 1 pht. - Nu di mu cp khc 1 km th phi qui i gi tr o c v di tiu

chu 1 km theo cng thc (33): Rcd0 = Rc l x l Trong :

Rcd0: gi tr in tr cch in qui i v1 km, MW km;

Rc l: gi tr in tr o c trn chiu di mu cp, MW l : chiu di mu cp, km. Kt qu o bao gm cc thng s gi tr in tr cch in trung bnh v nh

nht.

B1.12. Xc nh mc chu in p cao mt chiu B1.12.1. Xc nh mc chu in p cao mt chiu gia si dy cp v si dy cp

o mc chu in p cao mt chiu thng thng s dng mt ngun in p cao mt chiu v iu kin mi trng o kh ro.

Thit b o: Cc my o mc chu in p cao mt chiu t ng hoc bn t ng. S o:

l: chiu i cun cp

Hnh B1.9: S o mc chu in p cao mt chiu

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Cc vn cn lu khi o: - Do s dng in p cao trong qu trnh o nn phi tuyt i tun th cc

bin php an ton o nh: ni t tt c cc thnh phn dn in m ngi thao tc o c th phi tip xc khi tin hnh o, phi c phng tin s dng sau khi hon thnh php o ni t tt c cc thnh phn phng in cm ng v cc thnh phn c th phng in khi ngt ngun in p cao, khng cc cht d chy n gn ni tin hnh o.

- Vi ngun in p cao mt chiu ca my o, gi tr nh-nh ca thnh phn gn xoay chiu khng c vt qu 5% gi tr in p trung bnh trong iu kin khng ti. Tc tng in p mt chiu ca my o ln hn hoc bng 3000 V/s.

- Gi tr in p ca ngun in p cao mt chiu a vo si dy cp l in p trung bnh c o bng ng h o mt chiu ni tip vi mt in tr chu in p cao thch hp hoc ng h o in p tnh in c di o tng ng. chnh xc ca mch o in p phi nm trong phm vi 2% gi tr ln nht ca thang o.

- Php o mc chu in p cao gia dy dn vi dy dn c tin hnh theo mi dy dn vi tng dy dn cn li ca cun cp. Tr i dy th nghim, tt c cc i cn li c ni vi mn che tnh in v ni t.

Bin in p ca ngun in p cao mt chiu c t tng ng vi kh nng chu in p cao mt chiu c cho trong ch tiu k thut ca cp.

- Thi gian o: 3 giy.

- i vi cc thit b o t ng cc si dy cp ca cun cp c tch ra v u ring r trn gi kim tra ca my o v qu trnh o c tin hnh mt cch t ng. Khi tin hnh o vi thit b o khng c chc nng o t ng thng thng nhm tt c cc si dy cp li vi nhau v ni t tr mt si dy cp c kim tra v a in p cao mt chiu vo si dy cp khng ni t ny.

Trong kt qu o cn ghi r mc in p cao mt chiu s dng v s cc si dy cp b hng cch in (nu c).

B1.12.2 Xc nh mc chu in p cao mt chiu gia dy dn v mn che tnh in.

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Vic xc nh mc chu in p cao mt chiu gia si dy cp v mn che c thc hin tng t nh php o mc chu in p cao mt chiu gia dy dn vi dy dn. Ngoi tr si dy cp c kim tra, tt c cc dy dn cn li c nhm vi nhau v in p cao mt chiu c a vo gia si dy cp cn o kim v mn che.

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

39

Ph lc B2 (Tham kho)

NGM NC

Mu th l mt on cp thnh phm di 1 m. Trn mt n mu th bc v nha, bng nhm, h phn li cp c bc bng chu nhit (P/S) ra ngoi mt on di 10 cm. a phn li cp va bc v vo ng th v t mu cp nm ngang (nh hnh B2.1), dng bng khng thm nc bc kn phn v cp v u ng th khng cho nc chy ra ngoi. nc c pha bt pht quang (hoc bt mu) vo ng th cao 1 m, trong vng 24 gi trong phng c nhit 20 50C. Sau thi gian trn, kim tra u cn li ca mu cp (dng n tia cc tm i vi trng hp dng bt pht quang). Nu u mu cp khng pht quang hoc khng c nc chy ra l t yu cu.

Hnh B2.1 Th ngm nc

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

40

TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Tiu chun k thut cp thng tin TCN 68-132: 1994

2. LEC 708*CEL 708: Low-frequency cables with polyolefin insulation and moisture barrier polyoefin sheath. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard.

4.1 Part I : Genaral design details and requirements.

4.2 Part2: Unit type, filled, moiseture barrier polythylene sheathed cables with copper conductors and solid or cellular insulation.

4.3.4.3 Part 3: Unit type, unfilled, moisture barrier polyethylene sheathed cables with copper conductors, solid insulationn and integnal suspension strand.

3. ICEA-S-84-608-1998: Telecommunication cables filled polyolefin insulated, copper conductor, Technical requirement.

4. ANSI/IECA A-85-625-1996: Standard for telecommunications cable aircore, poluolefin insulated, copper conductor. Technical requirements.

5. Specification for F/S and solid polyothylene insulated jelly filled moisure barrier other elements of outside plants.

6. Specification fof F/S and solid polyethylene insulated jelly filled moisture barrier sheated unit twin telephone cable.

DSS 91001; DSS 91002; DSS 9200; DSS 91003, DSS 2026-1

7. Specification for F/S jelly filled telephone cable:. KT-6145-3282-0-0

8. REA specification for filled telephone cables: REA PE-39

9. REA specification for self-supporting cables: REA PE-38

10. Specification for local telephone cables SHOWA ELECTRIC WIRE & CABLE CAT.N0.90-08-0.

11. ITU Transmission characteristics of cable pairs. Traning manual 1990.

12. Leom Chatter. A guide to electrical specification requirements for multipair telephone cable. DCM International Corportion.

13. ASTM. D4566-94. Standard test methods for electrical performance properities of insulation and jackets for telecommunications wire and cable.

TCN 68 - 132: 1998

41

14. ITU. Recommendation G.611. Characteristics of synmetric cable pairs for analogue transmission.

15. Whitham D. Reeve Series Editor, 1993.

IEEE telecommunication Handbook, 1993.

16. TCVN 5933-1995. Tiu chun Vit Nam: Si dy ng trn k thut in - Yu cu k thut chung.

17. TCVN 5936-1995 (IEC 540-1982). Tiu chun Vit Nam: Cp v dy dn in - Phng php th cch in v mn che tnh in.

18. ASTM D 1248-84. Standard specification for polyethylene plastics molding and extrusion materials.

19. ASTM D 4565-94. Standard test methods fof physical and environmental performance properties of insulations and jackets for telecommunications wire and cable.

20. ASTM D638-93. Standard test methods fof tensile of plastics/

21. TCVN 4763-89 (ST SEV 2777-80). Tiu chun Vit Nam: Cp tn s thp cch in bng polyethylene v v bng nha ho hc - Yu cu k thut.

22. KT-6145-3282-0-0/1995: Specification for Foam-Skin insulated jelly filled telephones cables (Korea telecom Standard).