tema eu ocean energy ressource utilisation

8/8/2019 Tema Eu Ocean Energy Ressource Utilisation

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Ocean Energy by Wave

D n nd th WECs

ECPE seminar on Renewable Energies

ISET 9 10/2 2006

The Potential of Wave Energy

Denmarks consumption of electricity: 3,7 GW

Wave energy, Danish west coast (offshore):

Up to 25 MW/km

Average ~16 MW/km ~150 km available, ~2,4 GW

At North Atlantic European Coasts: 25 - 75MW/km

In the Mediterranean: 4 - 11 MW/km

Total potential off European coasts: ~320 GW


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D d th WECs


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Principles for Utilisation of Ocean Energy

(Waves)

Oscillating Water Columns

Overtopping devices

Point absorbers

And many others


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D d th WECs


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Oscillating Waver Columns

WaveGen, Islay Pico, Azores Energetech, AU


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Overtopping devices

Wave Dragon, Nissum Bredning SSG, Kvitsy


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Point absorbers

Wave Star AquaBuOY AWS, Portugal


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

And some of the others

Wave Rotor Pelamis, Orkney


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

State of the art

Rougly 10 prototype devices installed

First 3 commerciel units sold

European Wave Energy Organization formed

Technology verified

Technology currently relying on subsidies


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Wave energy in 10 20 years

EU will push the development until 10-20well functioning devices have been installed

The time scale (due to the large size of the

devices delays the development Energy price: 0.12-0.25 /kWh

A lot depends on political will the comingyears (ie. political stability in the Middle

East, Russia etc., price of oil) Security of supply is an important factor


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

The Wave Dragon Case


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Wave Dragonprinciple

Turbine outlet

Reservoir

Waves overtopping the

doubly curved ramp

The Wave Dragon is a slack-moored wave energy converter that can be

deployed alone or in parks wherever a sufficient wave climate and a water

depth of more than 25 m is found.

Climate Power production

24 kW/m 12 GWh/y/unit

36 kW/m 20 GWh/y/unit

48 kW/m 35 GWh/y/unitWave reflector


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Wave Dragon partners/subcontractors Lwenmark F.R.I, Inventor, Consulting Eng. (DK)

SPOK ApS, Project Management Cons. (DK) MT Hjgaard A/S, Construction Enterprise (DK)

Aalborg University Hydraulics & Coastal EngineeringLaboratory (DK)

Balslev A/S, Consulting Engineers - electrical andautomation systems (DK)

Niras as, Consulting Engineer, Wave forecasting models

(DK) Armstrong Technology Associates Ltd., Naval Architects

(UK) (Babcock Design & Technology)

VeteranKraft AB, Consulting Engineers - hydro turbinedesign (S)

Nhrlind Ltd, Research & Business strategy development(UK)

Technical University Munich, Hydro turbine testing andCFD modelling (D)

Kssler Ges.m.b.H., Manufacturer of hydro turbines (A)

ESBI Engineering Ltd. (IE)

Wave Energy Centre, Lisbon (PT)

Rozmerovy Nacrte (CS)


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D d th WEC


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Nissum Bredning, DenmarkThe wave climate in scale 1:4.5 of the North Sea


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Ocean Energy by WaveDragon and other WECs


ISET 9 10/2 2006

Measuring equipment Pressure transducers

Accelerometers Force transducers

Movement transducers

Strain gauges

Online monitoring

Performance, WebCams, weather

Wave Dragon

RTD activities

WD prototype fully equipped Turbines 1+6+3

Grid connected generators

Floating level control system

Two different test sites Close to Danish Wave Power

Association's test site

Further south-east where more

wave energy is available


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ECPE seminar on Renewable EnergiesISET 9-10/2-2006

First offshore wave energy converterproducing power to the grid, May 03


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Prototype overtopping measurements

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.00150.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0.0035

0.0040

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

R*

[ - ]

Q* [-].

Hald & Frigaard (2001)

WD-NB 05-15.12.03

)40exp(025.0 ** RQ *Q

LgH

sq

s

op

3

2=

R* =2

op

s

cs

H

R

Bulk overtopping data:

Wave directionality, limitedweather vaning

Dummy turbines notincluded

Spilling and leakage

Conclusion:In ordinary, well controlled,operational conditions, theovertopping rates are

as expected indicationsof even higher rates undercertain circumstances.


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Power Take Off

Propeller turbine PM Generator Frequency inverter

Optimal turbine/generator speed found from turbine characteristics based onmeasured head

PLC controls frequency inverters to obtained optimal speed

Frequency inverters reports generator and net data back to PLC

Turbines:

Propeller

Cylindergate

Efficiency ~90 %

Low-head

Variable speed

PMGs:

2.5 kW each

Directly axle-

connected to turbines

Suitable for frequent

start/stop

PMG and grid

frequency inverters:

Downscaled 250 kW

wind turbine inverters

230/400VAC/50Hz


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Energy production, example041213_WD_133:

Hs = 0.621 m

FL = 0.454 m Crest level ratio: 0.73 Ave. flow: 1.036 m3/s Ave. Act. Power: 0.92 kW (3.3 %) Ave. Est. power: 2.47 kW (8.9 %) Ave. Hydr. Power: 4.41 kW (15.9 %) Turbine utilization:

2 4 5 8 9 10:99 91 71 40 29 22 [%]

Working near full capacity

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Time [s]

Po

wer[W]

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Flow[m^3/s]

PowerProd [W ]hydPowerProd [W ]EstPowerProd [W]Flow [m^3/s]


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PTO experiences

No PTO turnkey solution initially available for WD WD PTO designed and installed

A working WD PTO is now a reality

Child deceases pointed out solvable, but requiresengineering

It is not trivial to take known and proven technology to anew environment

Since it is unlikely that all problems have been seen yet,further testing at reduced scale and in real seaenvironments is needed

Long term testing still required in order to provide reliabledata for formulation of O&M procedures


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Availability May 2003- Jan. 2005Power production Test Down time Re-construction

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

May 03 Aug. 03 Nov. 03 Feb. 04 May 04 Aug. 04 Nov. 04

Continuous product ion Test ingRe-co ns tru ct io n Ou t of o pera tio n


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Further developmentsModification of shoulder connection:

Reduction of forces and movements. Hydraulic power take-off to reduce wear.

Improvement of efficiency by refinement of:

Geometrical design.

Control algorithms for turbine and power take-off operation.

Control algorithms for device stability.

Wave-by-wave forecasting for regulation of turbines.

Floating level adjustment.

Conservative estimates of effect

of refinements (10 15 % on eachitem) justify the stated long term

power production rates

Wave climate 36 kW/m

Width 300 m

Yearly production 20 GWhEfficiency 21 %

Installed capacity 7 MW

Load factor 33 %


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Next step Multi MW Wave Dragon prototype: Wales

Research part EU funded: FP6 (STREP)

Welsh objective one funding for deployment in Wales

Venture company found (KP Renewables), contract signed

Design work ongoing


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The Wave Dragon Vision

Seen from 100 feet above sea level and at a distance of 3 miles

Two years operational experience

Wave energy absorption performance verified

Offshore wave energy is a reality


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Ocean Energy by WaveECPE seminar on Renewable Energies

Thank you for your attention!

tema eu ocean energy ressource utilisation

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