the age of exploration
DESCRIPTION
The Age of Exploration. MesoAmerica North American Colonies. BACKGROUND. Rise of Monarchies Kings and queens paid for the exploration trips Prestige More territory Printing Press Fed rise of humanism Access to books, more people read accounts of new lands - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Age of ExplorationMesoAmerica North American Colonies
BACKGROUND Rise of Monarchies
• Kings and queens paid for the exploration trips
• Prestige• More territory
• Printing Press• Fed rise of humanism
• Access to books, more people read accounts of new lands
• Scientific and intellectual inquiry
• Access to maps, navigation tools
BACKGROUNDHow did it start?
◦Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal
◦Started a school of navigation in 1420
◦Didn’t sail, but planned voyages and analyzed their reports
◦Astronomers, geographers, mathematicians shared info with Portuguese sailors and shipbuilders.
◦Expert mapmakers updated maps/charts
GEOGRAPHY
GEOGRAPHYHow did geography play a factor in
the pursuit of new lands?◦ The Turks blocked the trade route from
the Mediterranean Sea to the land route to Asia.
◦ Crusades—European countries tried to regain control of holy sites that had been taken over by the Muslims and were exposed to trade items.
◦ Portugal—They didn’t have a Mediterranean port location and needed an option.
◦ Arabs’ prices were too high. (Middle Man)
SOCIALEuropean explorers conquered
three major MesoAmerican empires, greatly changing their lives and destinies: ◦Aztecs◦Mayans◦Incas
All three empires easily conquered◦Feared white man: armor, guns =
gods◦Unrest within
SOCIAL: AZTEC SPRITE1200 AD – 1535 ADG: Central Mexico
◦Built capital city of Tenochtitlan◦Legend: priest had dream, locate city where he found an eagle holding a snake in his claws on top of a cactus.
Mexico CityModern day Mexican flag
S: Ruler, priests and nobles, warriorsmerchants and artisans, farmers, and slavesP: Empire ruled by emperor
SOCIAL: AZTEC SPRITER: Religion was polytheistic: Believed in many gods.
◦Used human sacrifices to please the gods.
I: Created writing system using hieroglyphics. T: Built irrigation for cropsE: Traded cacao beans, tools, clothes, jewelry at local markets; caravans to present day Guatemala, Belize, Honduras
SOCIAL: MAYA SPRITE200 AD – 900’s ADG: Southern Mexico into Central AmericaS: Social Classes based on birth P: Built city-states ruled by kings. R: Polytheistic; Used humans as sacrifice
SOCIAL: MAYA SPRITEI: Very accomplished:
◦Studied stars ◦Developed calendar ◦Created writing system using hieroglyphics◦Invented system of mathematics with concept of 0
T: Built pyramids as templesE: Traded among empire/city-states
◦As currency, cacao beads gave way to stone beads
◦Gold, jade and copper = more expensive items
SOCIAL: INCA SPRITE1200 AD – 1535 AD G: Modern day Peru along Pacific Ocean S: “Inka” means ruler
◦ Adapted to Inca by Spanish conquistadors to refer the people of the area, not the ruler or his family
◦ Inca a patchwork of people from different lands
P: Government run by emperor◦ Civil war within empire favored Spanish
conquest R: Polytheistic
◦ Believed in reincarnation
SOCIAL: INCA SPRITE I: Architecture most important
of Inca arts◦ Machu Picchu◦ Temples constructed using mortar
less construction knife couldn’t fit between!
T: Built vast network of roads and bridges
◦ Terrace farming ◦ E: Traded within empire ◦ High degree of central planning:
govt planned for citizens needs
POLITICALTreaty of Tordesillas
(Line of Demarcation)Spain got the West
(new world) and Portugal got the East (old world)◦This is why Brazilians
speak Portuguese but the rest of SA speaks Spanish
POLITICAL
POLITICALOCEAN EXPLORERS
◦Spain Columbus: Carribean Vespucci: South American coast; “Americas” deBalboa: Hiked mountains; first to see Pacific Magellan: circumnavigated world; named
Pacific◦Portugal
Dias: Explored Africa DaGama: Sailed around tip of Africa to India Cabral: Explored Brazilian coast; sailed on to
India
POLITICALINLAND EXPLORERS
◦Cortez-(Mexico) Conquered the Aztecs, put the Aztec emperor, Montezuma in prison.
◦Pizarro-(Peru) Conquered the Incas, executed their leader, Atahualpa.
Spanish explorers were known as conquistadors
They received grants, or special permission, to explore and claim land.
POLITICALNORTH AMERICAN EXPLORERS
◦Henry HudsonSailed for England &
Holland/NetherlandsHudson River (NYC) named for
him Pilgrims
◦ See religion
RELIGIONMesoAmerica
◦Native Americas = polytheistic◦Europeans = monotheistic /
CHRISTIAN, considered Indian ways barbaric ENCOMIENDA: Spanish granted land &
Native Americans to colonists in South America. In return, convert Indians to Christianity Result = Disease, overwork killed millions of
Indians Lends itself to African slave trade
RELIGIONNorth America
◦Pilgrims leave England to escape religious persecution
◦Settle in Plymouth, Massachusetts ◦Indians taught Pilgrims to hunt/fish
Pilgrims still wary/distrusted Indians Long term = leads to displacement of
Indians from their land Trail of Tears
INTELLECTUAL/TECHNOLOGYWhat were technology changes
that increased exploration?Better ships
◦ triangular sail, sturdy rudderBetter tools
◦ Astrolabe, magnetic compassBetter maps
◦ Cartographer—a person who makes/studies maps Included ocean currents and latitude lines
ECONOMICColumbian Exchange
◦Exchange of plants, animals between continents
◦Provided new goods to sell, new means of transportation
◦Also brought diseases: killed millions of Indians
Mercantilism◦Economic principal: nation’s strength
depended on its wealth Intense competition between nations 1500-
1600’s
ECONOMIC
Wrap Up: 1-2-3-4-5-6 FoldableName 1 way the Catholic Church was involved in exploration. Do you agree or disagree with the Church’s position? Why?
Who were the 2 Spanish conquistadors responsible for colonizing South American? How might SA be different today had they not been successful?
Name 3 Native American groups we examined and the geographic locations of their civilizations.
In what ways did the Columbian Exchange effect the New World? Name 2 positive and 2 negative effects.
What 5 items involved in the Columbian Exchange do you consider most important? Defend your response.
Discuss at least 6 pros and cons of continued exploration in our world today.