thuc tap cat lai pro

7/31/2019 Thuc Tap Cat Lai Pro

1/99

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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CNG TY DU KH SAIGONPETRO

1. Mt s chi nhnh ca SaiGonPetro:

Tnh n 2007, Saigon Petro c 7 chi nhnh tnh B Ra - Vng Tu, ng Nai, Cn

Th ( Hu Giang, An Giang), Tin Giang, Bnh Phc, C Mau, Bnh Thun:

Chi nhnh Saigonpetro ti Vng Tu:

m bo cung ng xng du v kh t kp thi phc vng dn cc tnh ven bin t

Ninh Thun n B RaVng Tu.

a ch: 75 Trn ng, phng 3, TP. Vng Tu, tnh B RaVng Tu.

T: 064.857742064.531174.

Fax: 064.807412.

Chi nhnh Saigonpetro ti Cn Th:

Chuyn cung cp xng du v kh t n cc tnh min ty, p ng nhu cupht trin cngnng nghip trong khu vc.

a ch: L s 15& 16, KCN Tr Nc 2, qun Mn, TP. Cn Th.

T:071.844390

Fax: 071.844434

Chi nhnh Saigonpetro ti ng Nai:

Cung cp kh t cho khu vc min ng, ng thi cung cp xng du cho

khch hng cng nghip v ngi tiu dng khu vc ng nai v cc tnh ln

cn.

249 QL 51, p Miu, Phc Tn, Long Thnh, ng Nai.

T: 061.939680(trm chit)

061.939678( bo v - vn phng)

Fax: 061.930405

Email: [email protected]

Chi nhnh Saigonpetro ti Tin Giang:

cung cp xng du v kh t cho khch hng nng - ng nghip ti a phng

v cc tnh ln cn.

Ls 12, KCN M Tho, x Trung An,TP.M Tho, Tin Giang.

T: 073.854900 -073.854899


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Fax: 073.854901

Chi nhnh Saigonpetro ti Bnh Phc:

cung cp xng du v kh t cho khu vc Cao nguyn v min Trung.

2207 QL 14, p 6, Tn Thnh, thx ng Xoi, Bnh Phc.

T: 0651.814630 ( nhn vin)0651.814631( ban gim c)

Fax: 0651.814629

Chi nhnh Saigonpetro ti C Mau:

m bo cung cp xng du kp thi cho cc tnh ven bin pha Nam.

QL 1A, p Cy Trm, Bnh nh, TP. C Mau.

Chi nhnh Saigonpetro ti Bnh Thun:

m bo cung ng xng du kp thi phc vcho ngi dn ven bin min

Trung.

36 L Thng Kit, TP. Phan Thit, Bnh Thun.


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Nh my lc du Ct Li:

T chc nhn s trong nh my nh my lc du Ct Li

CHNG 2: QUY TRNH CNG NGH CM CHNG CT CONDENSATE

GIM

C

PH GIM

Ttrng tc kh

Ttrng tin

Ttrng t x lan

Ttrng t KCS

Ttrng PCCC-ATL

Ttrng bn b

T trng t tip nhn

Ttrng t xe bn

PH GIM

T trng kp 2- cng

T trng kp 3- cng

T trng kp 4- cng

T trng kp 1- cng

Ttrng t bo v 1

Ttrng t bo v 2

Ttrng t bo v 3

Ttrng t bo v 5

T trng t hnh

Ttrng t bo v 4

Nh n

Bo v


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2.1.Gii thiu cm chng ct condensat:

2.1.1 vai tr:

Cm chng luyn condensate c lp t nm 1993 v ng vai tr quan trng vi hot

ng sn xut ca nh my, to ra cc sn phm naphta cn thit cho vic sn xut xng

cc loi t ngun nguyn liu condensate.Cm condensat c thit kchng ct du m c t trng thp hoc condensat thu

c t mhay thu c t kh ng hnh. Hm lng cn, tp cht c hc v mui

khong ng k, hm lng sn phm trng cao thng t80 n 90%. Ngun nhit cung

cp cho qu trnh chng ct l l E 10, qu trnh ngng tv lm mt c tin hnh

nhnc lm lnh v gi cng bc.

Cng sut thit k ca cm l 350.000 tn condensate/nm, trong t l naphta 1

l: 30%, naphta 2: 35%, v bottoms l 35%.

2.1.2 nhim v:

Cm chng luyn condensate ch dng mt ct chng luyn C-07, ct ny c

thit k tch naphta iu kin kh quyn. Sau khi nguyn liu condensate c gia

nhit n nhit cn thit sc a vo ct C-07. Ti y qu trnh phn tch xy ra:

Cc cu t c nhit si thp sc tch ra nh ct ( sn phm naphta 1) v

ngang ct (sn phm trch ngang naphta 2).

Cc cu t c nhit si cao hn ( nh kerosene, diesel fuel ) c tch ra y

ct (sn phm bottoms). Sn phm bottoms l ngun nguyn liu chng luyn cho

cm mini.

Phn kh khng ngng p sut kh quyn (offgas) sc a ra uc t b. Ti

uc c h thng thu hi mt phn naphta trnh lng ph.

Dng sn phm bottoms sau khi ra khi y ct C-07 mt phn c a qua l gia

nhit E-10 cung cp nhit lng cn thit cho qu trnh chng luyn.

2.1.3.Nguyn liu:

Ngun nguyn liu hin nay nh my s dng cho cm ny l condensate c cung

cp t cc ngun:

Condensat trong nc: Rng i, Nam Cn Sn,


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Condensat nhp tnc ngoi: Thi Lan, Singapore, Australia,

Ngun nguyn liu chnh chng luyn l ngun condensate ly t m Nam Cn

Sn. Cc ngun nguyn liu condensate ny c vn chuyn, tip nhn v tn tr thng

qua cc phng tin tu b, cu cng, v qua bm nguyn liu c a v bn cha.

Trc khi a vo sn xut, nguyn liu phi c ly mu v a qua b phnKCS kim tra nh: o t trng, p sut hi, ng chng luyn ASTM

Da trn cc thng s bit v nguyn liu u vo a ra cc thng s vn

hnh thit b thch hp hiu sut sn phm thu c l cao nht

Xu hng s dng cc ngun nguyn liu condensat c thnh phn naphtha cao,

hm lng sn phm trng cao, thnh phn tp cht, nc, mui l khng ng k. C th

s dng nguyn liu c thnh phn naphtha khc nhau nhng chc sai khc vi phn

trm.

2.1.3.Sn phm:

Nguyn liu condensate sau khi c gia nhit n nhit cn thit sc a

vo ct C-07. Ti y qu trnh chng luyn xy ra v thu c sn phm l ngun xng

th (naphta 1, naphta 2). Hai sn phm ny c lm nguyn liu pha chxng thng

phm. phn cn ca cm condensat (bottoms) l ngun nguyn liu cho cm chng ct

mini. Phn kh khng ngng (offgas) c t uc (flare).

Naphta 1: sn phm nh.

Naphta 2: sn phm trch ngang.

Bottoms: sn phm y.

2.2.Cc thit b chnh

2.2.1.Ct chng luyn C-07:

2.2.1.1c im:

Ct chng ct C-07 gm 2 phn chnh:Vng tch th (vng chng) phn di.

Vng tinh luyn (phn trn).

Tng sa l 25 gm 13 a phn tinh luyn v 12 a phn chng. Phn nh ta

s 5 trln c ng knh b hn d=1.219m c ch to bng hp kim chng n mn.


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Phn di ng knh ln hn d=1.676m ch to bng thp carbon.Phn cn li ta s

5 trln c ng knh nhhn 1,219m c ch to bng thp hp kim chng n mn.

ng knh v khong cch gia cc a phn ct nhhn phn chng, mc ch l

tng khnng tinh ch sn phm nhdo tng khnng tip xc khi lng lng t ng

thi trnh xao trn hot ng ca ct.Thp lm vic p sut kh quyn P = 1at. Thp c th thy lc P = 4bar. Thp

c chiu cao H = 21,874m t trn c chiu cao h = 3,7m.

Vng tch th:

- ng ng nhp liu a vo dng hn hp hai pha lnghi c gn hai i

trng phn tip xc vi thn ct khrung ng ca ng ny. Khi vo ct dng

nhp liu i qua ng phn phi nhm phn bu dng ny trn a nhp liu (a

s 14).

- Vng tch th bao gm 12 a c trang b cc dng c: hai ng thy LG-703,

LG-704 theo di mc cht lng nhm bo m hiu qu ca vic phn tch

vng y ct.

+Mt bbo ng an ton mc cao LSH-703 ngn cn sc ct ca vng

chng ct.

+ Mt bbo ng an ton mc thp LSL-704 v mt thit b an ton mc rt

thp LSLL-704 bo vbm P-08/09

+ Mt b p k PG-702.

+ Mt nhit k TG-702

- Vng y ct c dng tun hon t E-10 qua l dng cp nhit cho hot ng.

- Vng tinh luyn bao gm 13 a. Vng ny bao gm cc vng nh sau:

+ Vng ly sn phm trch ngang NA2 ti a s9. m bo cho vic rt sn

phm NA2, ti vng ny c b tr cc dng c sau:

Mt ng thy theo di mc LG-702.

Mt bbo ng an ton mc thp LSL-702 nhm bo v bm P-11/12.

+Vng hi lu NA2 ti a s 6,m bo cho vic phn tch gia NA1 v

NA2, dng hi lu NA2 c btr cc iu khin nhit TIC-701 v FIC-701

kim sot lu lng ca dng ny.


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+Vng hi lu NA1 ti a s 1, iu khin c b tr tngFIC-150

kim sot lu lng.

+Vng nh ct bao gm phn nh ct v tuyn ng dn hi NA1 vo E-13A/B

c b tr cc thit b:

p k PG-701.Tuyn ng a ha cht chng n mn vo trong vng nh ct.

Van an ton PSV-701 bo v ct khi p sut tng qu cao.

- hn ch hin tng n mn, phn tinh luyn ct chng ct c lm bng hp

kim chng n mn.

- trnh tht thot nhit ra mi trng bn ngoi, ct c bo n ton b.

2.2.1.2.Quy trnh hot ng:

Dng nhp liu vo ct C-07(cm chng ct kh quyn) ti a s 14 nhmt ng

phn phi c tch lm 2 pha:

Pha hi ( bao gm hi ca dng nhp liu v hi t phn chng i ln ) si qua ln

phn trn ca ct tip xc vi pha lng ( to thnh do cc dng hi lu ) ttrn i

xung, qu trnh trao i nhit v trao i cht xy ra : nhng cu t nng c trong

pha hi sngng t v nhng cu t nh c trong pha lng sha hi. Kt qu l

dng hi ln nh ct ngy cng giu cu t nh (naphta) v dng lng xung y

ct cha nhiu cu t nng. Dng naphta c tch ra khi ct theo 2 dng: dng

hi NA1 (nhit 1070C, p sut 105Kpag) thu nh ct, dng hi lu NA1 np

li vo a s 1 v Sn phm trch ngang NA2 (nhit 133,70C) thu c ta

s 9, dng hi lu NA2 np li vo a s 6.

Pha lng (bao gm dng nhp liu v dng t phn luyn xung) si xung y

ct (phn chng ta 16 n 25) tip xc vi pha hi i ln ty ct. Qu trnh

xy ra ch yu phn luyn, dng lng xung y ct cha nhiu cu t nng (tphn on kerosen trxung) c tch ra khi y gi l sn phm bottom (sn

phm y ct).

QUY TRNH CNG NGH.

2.4.1 S dng chy cng ngh:


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NAPHTA 2 BOTTOMS

CT

CHNG

CT

C-07

TN

E-13A/B

BNH TCH

V-14

BNH TC

V-14B

L GIA

NHIT E-10

TN

E-17

TN

E-31

TN

E-04

TN

E-05A/B

TN

E-06A/BTN

E-03

TN

E-18

TN

E-19

N

NAPHTA

n

ate


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P-01/02 PVC701

Dng nhp liu:

Nguyn liu t bn cha B1 c bm P-01/02 bm vo ct chng luyn C-07 sau

khi qua cc thit b trao i nhit E-03, E-04, E-05A/B, E-06A/B nhit condensate

tng tn .

Lu lng dng nhp liu c iu khin bi thit b t ng FRC-301 thng qua

van FCV-301.

t hiu qu trao i nhit tt nht, dng condensate phi pha lng. Van t

ng PCV-701 (iu khin bi PIC-701 vi p sut 11 bar) duy tr p sut cao trong cc

thit b trao i nhit trnh hin tng chuyn pha ca dng nhp liu.

Khi qua khi PCV-701, dng condensate s ha hi do c s gim p sut t ngt.

Dng vo thp trng thi cn bng lng -hi ti a 14 bi ng phn phi lng v nhit

gim cn .

Sn phm chng luyn gm cc dng : NA1, NA2, Bottoms.

2.4.1.1 Dng NA1:

S dng NA1

B1 E-03FV

301E-04 E-05A/B CE-05A/B

C-07 E-13A/B V-14 P-15/16/16B E 31 E-17A/B BLCV140


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Dng NA1 t nh ct (p sut 105 kPa, nhit ) qua trao i nhit E-

13A/B, nhit gim xung cn v ngng t, sau qua bnh tch V-14. p sut

bnh c gi n nh nh hot ng cc van PCV-140A/B thng qua b iu chnh p

sut PIC-140. Khi p sut thp th PCV-140A s m tng p trong bnh; ngc li, khi

p sut cao th van PCV-140B s m a mt lng kh ra uc n p bnh.Phn lng NA1 qua bm P-15/16/16B c chia thnh 2 dng chnh:

Dng hon lu c a vnh ct thng qua biu chnh lu lng FIC-150 vi

van FCV-150 tng ng.

Dng cn li qua thit btrao i nhit E-31 (trao i nhit vi khng kh) v E-17

(trao i nhit vi nc) gim nhit xung di nhit yu cu tn tr ca bn (

) v a vo dng cha B2. Lu lng dng ny c iu khin mc bnh LIC-

14 thng qua van LCV-140 v c ghi li bng FR-170.

Phn nc nu c ti bnh V-14 c a xung bnh tch V-14B thng qua LCV-

140B. Ngoi ra cn c mt dng trch ra nhp vo dng ha cht chng n mn, dng

ha cht ny c bm vo dng hi nh nhcc bm nh lng A-27/28.

2.4.1.2 Dng NA2:

S dng NA2

Dng NA2 c trch ngang ti a s 9 vi nhit C bm qua P-11/12,

qua trao i nhit E-05A/B gim nhit xung cn C v c tch lm thnh 2

dng:

Dng hon lu v ct ti a s 6 vi nhit l C c iu khin bi b

iu khin lu lng FIC-701 vi gi tr gn ly t TIC-701 (iu khin nhit ti as 6) thng qua van FCV-701.

Dng cn li qua cc trao inhit E-03 v E-18 gim nhit xung di nhit

yu cu tn tr ca bn ( ) v c a vo bn cha B3. Lu lng dng

ny c iu chnh bi FRC-183 thng qua van FCV-183.

2.4.1.3 Dng Bottoms:

C-07

P-11/12 E-05A/B E-03 E-18 B3FCV183

FCV

100a 6

a 9


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S dng BottomsDng Bottoms c bm P-08/09 bm ra y ct vi nhit , sau

tch ra lm 2 dng:

Dng qua l gia nhit E-10 c gia nhit ln , sau quay tr v y ct

chng luyn. Lu lngdng ny c iu khin bi FIC-100 thng qua FCV-100.

Dng cn li qua cc thit b trao i nhit E-06A/B, E-04, E-19 nhm lm ngui

dng sn phm ny xung di nhit cho php ( ) trc khi ra bn cha B4.

Lu lng dng ny c iu khin bi b iu khin mc y ct chng luyn LIC -

702 vi van LCV-702 v c ghi bng FR-193.

2.4.2 S cng ngh: (xem hnh vsau)

2.5 KHI NG V IU HNH:

2.5.1 Kim tra htrc khi vn hnh:

Kim tra thp lm lnh condensate trng thi vn hnh

Kim tra kh nn cung cp cho s hot ng ca cc thit b tng

Hi qu nhit cung cp cho cc bm P08, P09, P11, P12

Ngun din cung cp cho cc thit b

Chuyn cc thit b tng sang cc ch manual v chun b gn gi tr theo th

k, mvan: ly tn hiu ca TB tng, van c lp ca van tng.

Kim tra sng mca tt c van trong h.

2.5.2 Theo di hkhi ang hot ng:

Hot ng ca cc bm; p bm, nng motor, nc lm mt

Hot ng ca cc trao i nhit (chnh lch p sut, s r r)

Lu lng dng nhp liu, cc dng sn phm hi lu v tnh trng ng m ca

ton bcc van iu khin bng kh nn tng ng.

C-07

E-10

E-06A/BP-08/09

E-04 E-19 B4

FCV-100


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do nhit thp, nu hi lu nhiu th phn nh nh vn cn nhiu, kh ngng t lm

tng p sut trong bnh V-14 nn s y ra uc gy lng ph, do trong trng hp ny

nn y v slop trnh lng ph. Khi nhit nh kh cao ( khong 75 - C), tng

dn hi lu mt cch hp l khng ch tc tng nhit nh ng thi to mc ti

a s 9 a hi lu Na2 vo hot ng. Khi mc cht lng a s 9 t, xa bo ng LAL-701 ti t CP-100, x gi bm P-

11/12 v a bm vo hot ng nhm to dng hi lu tun hon Na2 cho ct chng

luyn. Chnh dng hi lu ny mc thp v tng dn ti gi tr ph hp. Khi p bm n

nh, cho dng Na2 ra slop vi lng thch hp nhm tng cng s bay hi vng y

ct.

Khi cc dng tng i n nh, chuyn cc thit b t ng sang ch AUTO

lm vic.

Kim tra tnh trng thit b, ghi cc thng s theo di. Mi s c bt thng phi

bo cho Trng ca bit gii quyt.

Khi cc thong s nhit : y, a,ct Na2 v mc hi lu t nh yu cu a

ra, ly cc dng sn phm theo ng trnh t thao tc van nhm trnh ln bottom v Na

nh sau:

Khi chuyn sn phm ra slop, cc sn phm trng (Na1, Na2) chuyn trc, cc sn

phm en (bottom) chuyn sau.

Khi ly cc sn phm, sn phm bottom ly trc, sn phm Na1, Na2 ly sau.

Sau khi ly sn phm, tin hnh nng dn cng sut ca hv iu chnh cc

dng hi lu ph hp m bo cht lng sn phm cng nh yu cu v sn lng

vi chi ph ch bin l thp nht.

2.5.4 Th tc ngng h:

Th tc ngng h bao gm ngng hbnh thng theo k hoch. C th c cc thayi theo thi gian do cc iu kin hot ng c bit. Th tc ny khng bao gm trng

hp ngng khn cp.

Gim cng sut dn dn ti 50% so vi thit k. Gim tng ng lu lng cc

dng ly ra duy tr sn phm theo cht lng lu nht c thc.

Chuyn ton b cc dng sn phm ra slop.


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Gim dn dn nhit dng ra khi l gia nhit E-10 ti khong C theo tc

gim khong C/h.

Ngng l bng cch ngng tng vi t mt. Vn tip tc tun hon cht lng qua

l.

Ngng bm ha cht.

Cn chnh LIC-140 ti mc ti thiu trong giai on ny.

LIC-702 vn tip tc hot ng, t tbm ht cht lng y ct ra slop.

Chuyn LIC-702 sang chmanual, bm ton blng cht lng y ct ra slop.

X p hra uc t bnh tch.

t cc tm chn cc v tr gii hn trn cc tuyn ng:

Tuyn np liu.

Tuyn Na1 sn phm.

Tuyn Na2 sn phm.

Tuyn bottom sn phm.

C lp ton b cc kh c vi cc thit b, ng ng tng ng bo v chng

trnh nhit cao ca hi nc.

Thi hi vo ton b cc tuyn ng v thit bcho n khi thy hi nc thot ra ti

cc l x gi. X cht lng ngng t ti cc im thp trn ton b h.

Ngng thi hi nc, t bit ch khng xy ra vic to p sut m trang cc

tuyn ng, thit bkhi ngng cp hi.

Phi ch vn an ton trc khi chui vo bt kn thit b ti bt k thit b no.

2.6 SCTHNG GP

2.6.1 Cc s c vin:

2.6.1.1 Nguyn nhn:S c ny xy ra thng do mt mt ngun tli in, mt pha, in li ngun

qu thp


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Tt ccc l do trn u do vic cung cp in n cc thit bin ca cm chng

luyn bgin on, nh hng n hot ng ca cm. Khi my pht in d phng s

hot ng v cp in trli cho ton nh my.

2.6.1.2 X l:

Ngi vn hnh cm C-07 phi kt hp cng cc cm c lin quan sm a hvo n nh theo hng trnh lm mt mt nhit lng t ct chng luyn. C th:

Trnh t khi ng bm thch hp nht: P-22/23, P-08/09, P-01/02, P-15/16, P-

11/12.

Gim cng sut h cn mt na so vi lc hot ng n nh (phi m bo cng

sut ti thiu ca bm) trnh mt nhiu nng lng ca ct chng luyn cng nh ca

h thng v trnh qu ti bm P08/09.

Gim lu lng ca dng hi lu tng ng vi mc nhp liu ng thi gim

tng ng cc dng ly ra duy tr sn phm theo cht lng lu nht c th.

Chuyn tt c cc dng sn phm chng luyn ra slop. i vi cc dng sn phm

trng cng c th khng chuyn vslop ty theo quy nh ca ngi qun l trc tip.

Sau khi l gia nhit t trli, vn duy tr dng nhp liu 50% so vi lc n nh

(phi m bo lu lng ti thiu ca bm) nhm gim thiu thi gian cp nhit lng

cho h thng, trnh qu ti l gia nhit, trnh hao ht do t chy v sm a h vo n

nh trli. khi cc nhit dng bottom ra l, nhit NA2 vo E-05, nhit y ct

nh h lc n nh, cho chuyn cc sn phm vo bn cha tng ng. Nhng

trng hp khc, ngi qun l trc tip s quyt nh thi im ly cc dng sn phm.

Khi ly cc dng sn phm, cho nng t t dng nhp liu n gi trc nh trc

s c sao cho khng nh hng n s tch pha vng y ct v do lin quan n

cht lng ca sn phm bottom.

Trong trng hp mt in lt v my pht b s c, lc ny ton b cc s cin

ca b phn cng nghu ngng hot ng k ccc my nn kh, trnh gin n

nhit trn cc tuyn ng cn mvi vng van tt ca cc van tng thng ng nh

FCV-301, PCV-701. ng van c lp ca PCV-140 gi p h. Chuyn ra slop cc

dng sn phm, tng cng vic kim tra, np nitrogen cho ct chng luyn, khi cn thit


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duy tr mt p sut dng ca hkhi c in trli, tin hnh a h vo chn

nh theo cc trnh t ca s c vin.

2.6.2 Cc s c ca my nn kh

2.6.2.1 Nguyn nhn

Do my nn kh b s c, khi vic cung cp kh nn cho cc thit b tng s bnh hng. Lc ny phn ng ca h s l:

Ton b thit b tng ngng hot ng.

Cc van thng ms m100% bao gm: FCV-701, FCV-150, PCV-140B.

Cc van thng ng sng hon ton bao gm: FCV-301, FCV-183, LCV-702,

LCV-140, PCV-140A, PCV-701, l gia nhit E-10 s tt khi mt dng kh nn.

2.6.2.2 X l

Trong thi gian chcp kh nn trli, cc thao tc vn hnh gm:

Chuyn cc dng sn phm ra slop.

Chuyn cc thit b tng san cc chmanual ng thi mcc van tt ca cc

van tng tin hnh tun hon lm ngui h. Khi h ngui th dng h chun b

cp kh nn trli.

ng cc van c lp ca cc van tng phng chng lm vic trli khi c kh

nn.

Np nitrogen cho h khi p h m (p sut bnh V-14


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p sut u ht qu thp, lc

du ht bm d.

- Ngng bm, xnc u ht vo bung

bm. Tun hon hcng sut nh nht, gi

nhit l E-10 khong 150-C tin

hnh kh nc.

- Chy bm d phng, tin hnh xc lcbm.

- Nng thm p sut u ht.

- Cn duy tr p sut dng trn ct C-07.

Mt p

Bm P-

01/02

- Do nght lc du ht.

- Do joint u ht b b.

- Do mc bn nguyn liu

thp, c nc.

- Chuyn chy bm d phng v thay

joint h.

- Tin hnh xc lc bm.

- Gim bt cng sut ng thi khp bt

van xut ca bn nguyn liu.

- Gim bt nhit l E-10, c lp dng

sn phm ra bn, tng thm hi lu v duy tr

dng bottom qua ng l lm ngui ct

chng luyn v ng l E-10, duy tr p sut

dng trong ct C-07, ng thi cho x l

bm sm a vo hot ng trli.

Mt p

bm P-15/16A/B

- Do lt kh vo bung

bm khi joint lc u ht b b,

d lc.

- Do ha hi trong bung

bm, nguyn liu c ln nc.

- Chuyn chy bm d phng v tin

hnh thay joint h, xc lc.

- iu chnh li ch hi lu

(NA1,NA2)

-

Khp bt van nc lm mt ca trao inhit E-13.

- Nng thm p sut bnh V-14.

- Cn gim thiu nhp liu v bc l E-10,

cho x nc trong V-14 tng cng sc


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cha NA1, cho x ra phuy v v hm slop nu

lng NA1 nhiu, xl bm nhanh chng

a vo hot ng.

Mt p

bm P-

11/12

- Do lt kh vo bung

bm khi joint lc u ht b b,d lc.

- Do ha hi trong bung

bm, nguyn liu c ln nc.

- Do mc a thp.

- Chuyn chy bm d phng v tin

hnh thay joint h.- iu chnh li ch hi lu.

- Ngngbm, xnc.

- Chy bm d phng, tin hnh xc lc

bm.

- Nng thm nhit l E-10.

D cc

a chng

luyn

- Do nhin liu cha nhiu

cn, tp cht,cc cht ny

tch t ti cc a chng luyn

lm gim chc nng ca cc

a ny. Hu qu lm cho qu

trnh tip xc pha lng hi,

trao i nhit, trao i cht

din ra km dn n hin

tng sc nhit lm en sn

phm NA.

- Ngng h v tin hnh tho cc a

chng luyn tin hnh v sinh.

Nght

cc trao

i nhit

- S c ny thng xy ra

cc thit b trao i nhit c

nhit cao, p sut cao nh

E-06A/B, c sn phm c kh

nng gy n mn nh E-13, E-05A/B, E-31.

- Cn theo di hot ng ca cc thit b

trao i nhit ny thng xuyn, pht hin kp

thi ngng h, tin hnh v sinh (theo di

chnh lch nhit , chnh lch p vo, p ra).

Nght

tuyn lm

mt cc

- Lm nh hng n tui th ca bm.

Chy bm d phng, ngng bm tin hnh v

sinh (theo di chnh lch dng nc lm mt


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bm

nhit

cao

vo v ra).


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CHNG 3 : TNG QUAN V H MINI

3.1 S cng ngh cm mini

3.1.1 Nhim v

Nhim v chnh ca cm chung ct Mini l sn xut BTP nh, BTP trung bnh, BTP

nng t Bottom - sn phm y ca cm Condensate. Hm lng sn phm ty thuc vophn on ct Bottom ca cm Condensate v thnh phn ca nguyn liu.

3.1.2 Cng sut thit k

Cng sut thit k ca cm Mini l 120.000 tn/nm

3.1.3 M t quy trnh cng ngh

Mini c cc cm thit b chnh l hai ct chng ct kh quyn, k hiu l 20-C-03 v

20-C-04.

Trong h thng chng ct ny nguyn liu bottoms c phn chia theo phn on

thnh 3 sn phm:

BTP nh nhn c nh ct 20-C-04

BTP trung bnh ly ra y ct 20-C-04

BTP nng c ly ay ct 20-C-03.

Bottoms c bm 20-P-01A/B bm vo h, lu lng c iu khin bng FRC-

801.

Trc khi vo ct 20-C-03 dng nhp liu ln lt qua cc trao i nhit 20-E-13,

20-E-01, 20-E-14U/M/L, 20-E-12. Ti y din ra qu trnh trao i nhit i lu ngc

chiu. Cc trao i nhit 20-E-13, 20-E-01, 20-E14U/M/L c thit k tn thu nhit

ca cc dng sn phm, ring 20-E-12 c cp nhit t l 20-F-01. Kt qu nhit

dng nhp liu tng ln 275oC (228-240oC) khi vo ct 20-C-03.

Dng nhp liu c iu khin bng FRC-801 (nhn tn hiu chnh lch p ti u

y bm 20-P-01A/B), iu khin van FCV-801.Trong trng hp nhit ca dng nhp liu vt nhit gn 198oC th van t

ng TCV-801 s mv mt lng BTP trung bnh si thng ti 20-E-05 m khng qua

20-E-01.


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(Van FCV-812 khng hot ng nn vic iu chnh lu lng BTP nh phi c thc

hin bng tay.)

Dng hi lu ct 20-C-04:

Hi lu c iu khin theo mc 20-B-01 thng qua van LCV-807, do b LC-807

iu khin. b ghi FR-808 xc nh lu lng dng hi lu.(Biu khin v van iu chnh lng hi lu tng khng cn hot ng nn ch c

th t chnh bng tay.)

p sut ti bnh 20-B-01 c n nh nhbiu khin PIC-807 v c gn

28,7kPa (hin gn 10kPa). PIC-807 siu khin 2 van PCV-807A v PCV-807B

duy tr p bnh nh gi tr gn. Khi p bnh nhhn gi tr gn th PIC-807 siu khin

mvan PCV-807A v ng van PCV-807B. Khi mt lng hi BTP nh si trc

tip tnh ct 20-C-04 xung bnh, lm tng p bnh. Ngc li khi p bnh cao hn gi

tr gn, PIC-807 siu khin mvan PCV-807B, ng van PCV-807A v khi mt

lng hi BTP nh t bnh sc xra uc, lm gim p bnh.

Dng lng ty ct 20-C-04 vo bm 20-P-07A/B c tch thnh 2 dng:

Dng BTP trung bnh sau khi qua cc trao i nhit 20-E-01, 20-E-05 c nhit

tng ng 190oC, 5oC. Lu lng BTP trung bnh ra bn c iu khin bi van FCV-

811 thng qua biu khin lu lng FRC-811.

Dng hi lu vnh ct 20-C-03:

Dng hi lu c iu khin theo mc y ct 20-C-04 thng qua van tng

LCV-805, do b LIC-805 iu khin.

C hai van LCV-811 v LCV-805 u khng hot ng nn dng hi lu v dng

BTP trung bnh u phi iu khin bng tay.

PHA LNG: Gm lng ca dng nhp liu v dng lng t phn luyn trxung.

Chai dng ny cng i xung y ct, tip xc vi pha hi i ln ty ct. Qu trnhxy ra tng t nh phn luyn, dng lng xung y ct giu cu t nng (BTP

nng).Dng BTP nng qua trao i nhit 20-E-15 c gia nhit bng du ti nhit

gylotherm. Dng BTP nng c gia nhit to thnh 2 pha lng, hi). Dng hi quay tr

vthp gia nhit cho y thp 20-C-03. Dng lng qua bm 20-P-09A/B v c bm

qua cc trao i nhit trc khi ti bn cha.


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Dng BTP nng

Dng BTP nng sau khi qua cc trao i nhit 20-E-14 (U/M/L), 20-E-03, 20-E-06

nhit gim xung cn 50oC. Lu lng BTP nng trong trao i nhit 20-E-15 thng

qua van tng LCV-804, do b bo mc LIC-804 iu khin. B ghi FR-806 xc nh

lu lng BTP nng ra bn.3.2 M t hot ng cc thit b chnh

3.2.1 S dng chy cng ngh

Dng nhp liu

Sn phm y ct 20-C-03

Sn phm y ct 20-C-04

Bn 20-P-01A/B 20-E-13 20-E-01 20-E-14

(U/M/L)

FCV-80120-E-1220-C-03

y ct 20-C-03 20-P-09A/B LCV-80420-E-15

20-E-14

(U/M/L)20-E-0320-E-06Bn cha

y ct 20-C-04 20-P-07A/B 20-E-01 20-E-05

TCV-801

LCV-805 Hi lu 20-C-03

FCV-811Bn cha


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Sn phm nh ct 20-C-04

3.2.2 Ct chng ct kh quyn 20-C-03

Chiu cao l 10998 mm.

ng knh thn ct l 800 mm.

Chiu cao lp m nhi trong ct l 3500 mm.

Ct chng ct kh quyn 20-C-03 gm 2 phn chnh:

Vng tch th phn di

Vng tinh luyn phn trn.

3.2.2.1 Vng tch th

ng ng a vo hn hp hai pha lng-hi c gn mt ng hgia vng

di ca n bt buc hn hp thng xung y ct.

Vng tch th c trang b cc dng c sau:

- 2 ng thy LG-804A/B bao tt c chiu cao hot ng ca cc thit bo mc.

- 1 biu khin thit b mc baoLT-804

- 1 thit ban ton mc cao LSH-804.

- 1 thit ban ton mc cao LSL-804

- An ton mc cao ngn cn sc ct ca vng tch th.

- An ton mc thp bo vbm 20-P-09A/B.

- 1 p k PG-804.

- 1 nhit k TG-804.

3.2.2.2. Vng tinh luyn

Hi tnh ct 20-C-04 20-E-13 20-B-01 20-P-02A/B

PCV-801A PCV-801B uc

LCV-807Hi lu 20-C-04

20-E-04FCV-807Bn cha


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27

- 1 b ghi nhit TR-805.

3.2.3.2 Vng tinh luyn

- Vng tinh luyn c trang bm nhi tng t ct 20-C-03.

- Mt nhit k TG-809A o nhit hi nh ct 20-C-04.

- p k PG-805 v nhit k TG-805 (TR-805) ch p sut v nhit ca y ct 20-C-04.

Nhng im khc:

- Ton b ct lm t thp carbon.

- Ct c bo n hon ton gi nhit.

- Hai soupape an ton PSV-805A/B c chun 250kPa, bo v hai ct 20-C-03/04

trong trng hp tng p.

3.2.4L gia nhit 20-F-01

3.2.4.1 Gii thiu:

L 20-F-01 l loi l gia nhit nhit cao (nhit ti a l 375oC), gi vai tr

cung cp nhit cho qu trnh chng ct ca h Mini. Qu trnh cung cp nhit gin tip

nhdu ti nhit v din ra 2 qu trnh :

- Qu trnh trao i nhit (trao i nhit i lu v bc x nhit) gia dng du ti

nhit gylotherm v nhit sinh ra do qu trnh chy nhin liu trong l

- Qu trnh trao i nhit gia dng du ti nhit vi dng nhp liu ca h Mini

trao i nhit 20-E-12

H thng l bao gm:

- L gia nhit trng t bng vi phun c trang b bnh gin nv bnh x.

- Thit bvi t phun v cc ph kin i km

- Cc thit bbo ng an ton v iu khin tng

- H thng cc van, ng ng, bn cha.

- H thng bm

- Tiu khin

L c th s dng nhin liu t l du nng (mazut) v du nh (D.O). ( Thc t ch

s dng nhin liu t l du D.O)


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S hot ng ca l ph thuc vo hot ng v ch nhit ca hchng ct Mini.

Mi thay i v thng s hot ng ca l phi m bo an ton n nh v cung cp y

nhit cho qu trnh chng ct.

3.2.4.2M t quy trnh cng ngh:

Quy trnh cng ngh ca l bao gm cc qu trnh hot ng chnh sau:3.2.4.2.1 Dng nhin liu D.O

Du D.O t bn cha 20-B-03/04 c bm cao p 20-F-P-02A/B ht vo bnh tch

kh v c a n bc phun. Ti y, p sut v lu lng du c khng ch bi mt

a chnh c mt li chnh bng cam (c gi l cam chnh), nu p sut du vo qu

ln (ln hn gi tr gn l 30bar) th l s tt v bo SCVI T

Phn du d cn li khi vo bc stheo ung ng hon lu quay trli u ht ca

bm cao p ti bnh tch kh. Dng hon lu ny lun c duy tr vi p sut lun ln

hn 8 bar, nh1 van an ton c gi trl 1,8 bar ( chnh lch p hai pha ca van

c lp dng du hon lu) c gn trn ng hon lu, nhm m bo an ton cho iu

kin lm vic ca h nhin liu du mazut. Nu p sut dng hon lu nhhn 8 bar s

gy nn SCVI T v lm tt l.

gia dng hon lu v dng nhin liu i vo l c mt cnh van in nm pha

sau bnh tch kh v pha trc soupape ca dng hon lu, sng mca cnh van ny

s ko theo sng mca 2 van tng ng trn ng hon lu v ng nhin liu

vo l. Trong lc hang hot ng bnh thng, nu mcnh van ny s lm tt l v

bo SCVI T, sng mcc van ny ch khi c s cn thit v sinh tuyn

ng.

Lu lng khng kh c a vo l nhqut gi pha trn nc l v c iu

chnh t l thch hp vi lu lng dng nhin liu D.O nhni vi cnh tay n iu

khin ca gi thng qua cam chnh. Lng khng kh a vo l nhm tham gia vo qu

trnh t nhin liu, c kim tra bi mt cng tc kim tra lu lng khng kh vo bc

v gn 5kPa. Trong trng hp lu lng khng kh vo khng ,sc bo SC

VI T v tt l, trnh trng hp khng t ht nhin liu gy lng ph v

nhim mi trng.


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Nhin liu a vo l thng qua bc phun nhm to ra qu trnh tn sng, cng vi

tc nhn khng khtrn s to ra mt hn hp chy v s bt chy khi c mi la nh

b phn nh la. Nhit lng cung cp cho du ti nhit i trong cc ng nhqu trnh

trao i nhit bc xv trao i nhit i lu.

Phn khng kh d v kh thi sau khi t theo ng khi i ra ngoi nh vo schnh lch p sut trong l v ming ng khi.

kim tra nhit an ton khi thi v hiu sut vi t phun, 1 thit bo v bo

nhit an ton khi thi (STB) c gn trn ng ng thng gia ng khi v thm l

nhit an ton cho php l 400oC, vt qu gi tr ny l s bo s cNHIT

KHI CAO lm tt l.

3.2.4.2.2 Dng du ti nhit:

Dng du ti nhit tun hon:

Qu trnh tun hon du to nhit trong h nhvo bm tun hon 20-P-01A/B. Du

ti nhit c bm y vo l, trc khi i vo l, dng ny dng ny c vo 6 ng v

i theo 3 lp vng trong l, nhm tng thm din tch b mt trao i nhit qua qu trnh

i lu v bc x nhit.

Nhit ca du ti nhit khi ra khi l c gii hn 385oC cho mi ng nh

thit b an ton nhit (STB). Nu vt qua gi tr nhit ny sc khng ch bi

gii hn gn TIC (hin thtiu khin) ty theo yu cu vn hnh, nhit gii hn

ca dng ny gi tr l 375oC

m bo lu lng dng du ti thiu i trong ng hoc lu lng du i trong

ng khng vt qu cng sut thit k ca l, mt thit b tng chnh lch p (FIAL)

c gn trn dng i ca du ti nhit. chnh lch ny cho php nm trong khong t

0,02bar n 0,4 bar v l s c bo ng HON LU XU v lm tt l nu ngoi gi

tr trn.

Do c stng gim nhit trong qu trnh vn hnh nn s c stng gim v th

tch v p sut du ti nhit trn ng ng to ra s chnh lch p sut trong ng ng

v bnh gin n. cn bng qu trnh ny, mt ng ng ni gia ng i dng du

ti nhit v bnh gin nnhm m bo th tch lng trong ng ng lun c n nh.

Mt khc, gi mt p sut an ton trong ng ng khi c s ctng t ngt v p


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sut thng l do nhit dng tng qu cao hoc khi cc thit b tng khc lm vic

khng chnh xc. Mt van an ton p sut c gn trn ng ng ny gi tr l 3,8

bar, van ny s mkhi c s chnh lch p sut gia dng du ti nhit v bnh gin n

cao hn 3,8bar.

Sau khi ra khi l, dng du ti nhit tip tc i n trao i nhit 20-E-12 cung cpnhit lng cho dng nguyn liu ca hchng ct Mini. Ti dy, lu lng dng du ti

nhit c iu chnh bi mt van tng TCV-802, van ny c iu khin bi mt

thit b tng iu khin nhit TIC-802 gn 275oC nhm gin nh nhit

dng nhp liu trc khi vo ct chng ct 20-C-03.

Trc khi vo trao i nhit 20-C-02, m bo c p sut an ton cho thit b khi

xy ra vic van tng TCV-802 ng kn (hot ng khng chnh xc) lm cho p sut

trn ng ng tng cao, hoc khi nhit ca dng du ti nhit tng qu cao dn n p

sut qu ln, ngi ta gn 1 van tng p sut PCV-815, c iu khin bi mt b

iu khin PIC-815 vi gi tr gn 11,4 bar. Nu p sut vt qu gi tr gn ny th van

tng PCV-815 s m cho du ti nhit quay trvu ht ca bm tun hon.

Bnh gin n, bnh x:

Bnh gin nv bnh xc thng nhau bi mt ng ng x trn, khi mc du

ti nhit trn bnh gin ndng cao hn chiu cao ng x trn (xy ra khi ang np hoc

khi c s x v nhng lc th tch ca du ti nhit ra khi du qu ln), th lng du

trong bnh gin nsc x v bnh xqua ng ng xtrn. Trn ng ng ny c

1 van xkh c s dng tch khnc sau khi tch du ti nhit.

Gia bnh gin nv ng ng pha u ht ca 2 bm tun hon 20-F-P01A/B c

mt ng ng thng nhau nhm b sung du ti nhit t bnh gin nvo h tun hon

khi c s hao ht du ti nhit do r r hay c s gim nhit . Gia ng ng x v

ng ny c mt van x nhanh trang b bbo ng (FTB), bnh thng van ny lun

ng kn v sng ca van ny mi cho php l i vo hot ng. Vic mvan ny khi

cn thit c s x nhanh du ti nhit t bnh gin nv bnh x khi hngng hot ng.

nu van ny mhay c sr r qua van (van ng khng kn), th s ct in cho ngun

cp ca hl, l ngng hot ng.


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Mt ng ng tbn ngoi dng np kh Nit vo h thng qua bnh x, trn

ng ng ny c gn thit bbo ng v p sut vi gi tr nh nht l 8,5bar, gi tr

ln nht l 11bar. Nu vt gi tr 11,5 bar th van an ton ca bnh s mNit trc khi

i vo h s qua mt thit biu khin p sut regulator vi gi tr ln nht l 16bar. p

sut thit k cn thit khi np vo h l 9bar, vi p sut ny nhm trnh qu trnh to hikhi nhit dng du ti nhit tng ln cao v vic phi dng kh Nit trong h l do kh

ny km hot ng ha hc v bn nhit cao s khng xy ra cc qu trnh chy n

hay to cc phn ng khi nhit ln cao.

np du ti nhit vo h hoc khi cn thit c th ly du ra ngoi, ngi ta s

dng mt bm np vi kt cu ng ng nh trnh by hnh v. bm ny c hai chc

nng np v ht. Qu trnh np du vo h c th t bnh x hoc cc bnh cha bn

ngoi, c bm a vo htheo 2 ng, hoc l u ht hoc l u y ca bm 20-

F-P-01A/B. cng tcc ng nh trn m bm c th ht du ti nhit trong h t bnh

x hoc tu ht hoc tu y ca bm tun hon 20-F-P-01A/B.

3.2.4.3M t hot ng thit b

3.2.4.3.1 L gia nhit:

y l mt l kiu ng gia nhit n nhit cao cho du ti nhit t bng vi

phun c gn trn nc l thng gi cng bc bi motor qut gi. ng ng dn du

ti nhit gylotherm c chia thnh 6 ng v phn thnh 3 lp pha trong l. Nhit lng

sinh ra trong qu trnh t chy nhin liu s bc xn b mt trao i nhit ca ng.

Dng kh thi nhit cao lu chuyn i lu qua cc lp vng ng v thot ra ngoi

ming ng khi nhvo s chnh lch p sut trong l v kh quyn.

ng khi l c thng vi thn l di thm y l. y l loi ng khi c ca

dn sch s tro x v c d kin cho thot kh n.

Cng sut nhit : 1744kW.

Nhit t l ti a (dng du ti nhit ra khi l) : 375oC

Cc phtng i km bao gm:

1 thit b bo an ton v kim tra nhit dng du ti nhit ra khi l.

1 thit b bo an ton nhit cho khi l

6 thit b bo an ton nhit cho mi vng ng trong l.


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1 thit biu khin in t c gi tr nhit vo/ra ca du ti nhit gylotherm.

1 p ko chnh lch p c b phn ngt (FIAL)

3.2.4.3.2 Vi t phun:

Slng : 1 vi phun hiu Weishanpt loi RMS-8-2MD.

Kt cu: c ch to thnh 1 khi, motor lp thng gc vi dng khng kh v kocnh qut. u vi phun c th xoay li quanh trc.

Phtng i km bao gm:

Thit b gia nhit du nng, in trgia nhit, nhit k an ton, thit b ROB (s

dng nhin liu nng)

H thng dn nhin liu n u vi phun v hng tun hon nhin liu.

H thng iu khin khng kh, nhin lu, b cam iu khin.

2 van tiu khin.

1 cng tc kim tra lu lng khng kh vo bc t

1 b an ton p sut du vo bc (gn 30 bar).

1 b an ton p sut du - ng v (gn 8bar).

2 p ktrn ng du i v v.

Ghi ch: thc t hin nay cht nhin liu du D.O(du nh), tho b h thng

gia nhit in v motor iu khin hn hp khng kh/nhin liu. iu khin lu lnghn hp khng kh/nhin liu, cng nhn vn hnh l cn phi thao tc a cam chnh c

thang chia vch dng lm ch th v tr, bng cch xoay 90o cn xoay.

3.2.4.3.3 Tin iu khin:

- Hiu in th ngun : 380V, 50Hz.

- Cng sut : 37kW.

- Hiu in thiu khin : 220V, 50Hz.

3.2.4.3.4 H thng bm:a) Bm tun hon:

C 2 bm ly tm 20-F-P-01A/B (1 hot ng v 1 dphng), bm vn chuyn du

ti nhit gylotherm qua l v trao i nhit 20-E-12.


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Lc bm hot ng phi m van by-pass gi cho bm d phng c nhit

tng ng nhit hot ng.

Cc thit b ph tng trang b cho mi bm:

1 van u ht

1 lc hnh Y

1 van u y

1 van 1 chiu

1 p ku ht (chung cho c 2 van)

1 p ku y (chung cho c 2 van)

1 ng ng ni tt 2 u y ca 2 bm (ng xngbm)

1 h thng lm mt v trc bm bng dng nc tun hon thp lm lnh.

1 h lm mt trc bm bng du ti nhit cha trong bnh xi-phng.

b) Bm nhin liu (bm cao p)

C 2 bm 20-F-P-02A/B (bm B c trang b sau ny so vi thit kban u, c

bm d phng). S dng loi bm trc vt, bm vn chuyn nhin liu D.O t bn cha

B-03/04 n bc t.

Lu lng ca bm c khng ch bi a chnh cam, iu chnh lng dng D.O

vo bc t.Bm c khi ng hay ngng ng thi vi vi t lm vic hay ngng, tng

ng vi cc v tr trn cng tc VI T.

Cc ph tng trang b cho mi bm :

1 van u ht

1 van u y

1 b lc

1 p ku y

1 p ku ht

H van lin hon, bnh tch kh, van an ton (chung cho c2 bm)

c) Bm np:


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1 van xy

3.2.4.3.7 H np kh Nitrogen

Dng np Nit, cung cp p sut cho l trc khi i vo hot ng

Cc thit b gm:

1 van 1 chiu

1 thit bbo ng khi p sut nh (P = 8,5bar)

1 thit bbo ng khi p sut ln (P = 11bar)

1 thit b gi p sut Nit cho h sau khi np (regulator), gn 9bar. p sut ti a

l 16 bar l p sut kh Nit vo.

3.2.4.3.8 Cc thit biu khin tng :

TIC-802 iu khin nhit dng du ti nhit n trao i

nhit 20-E-12 thng qua van TCV-802 (gi tr gn :

275oC)

PIC-815 iu khin p sut dng du ti nhit ra khi l n

20-E-12 thng qua van PCV-815 (gi tr gn 11,4bar)

3.2.4.3.9 Bn cha nhin liu:

C 2 bn B-03/04, dung tch 6m

3

, t nm ngang. Cc thit bi km cho mi bn: 1 ng thy theo di mc trong qu trnh chy hoc nhn nhin liu.

Van cp nhin liu cho h l

Van np nhin liu vo bn cha

Van xy.

3.2.4.3 S c, nguyn nhn v cch x l.

Khi xy ra s c mt in,hl ngng hot ng. Khi c in li, ngi vn hnh l

cn phi thao tc ng theo th tc khi ng l.Ngoi ra,khi xy ra bt k bo ng s c no trong h,a l hot ng n nh

trli,cng nhn vn hnh l cn thao tc theo trnh t sau:

a) Nhn ntNGNG CI.


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b) Nhn nt xa s c tng ng.Nu s c c xa sch th n bo s c s

tt.trong trng hp s ckhng c xa th n s c s vn sng v ch tt khi s c

c xa, cng nhn vn hnh cn phi nhn vn hnh li ln th hai.

c) Nhn ntAN TON,nAN TON chy sng.

d) Chnh cam chnh v v tr la mi(ng vi vch chia 3.5) mi li vi t.khin LU LNG NH chy sng ng ngha vi vic vi t t li c.

e) Chnh a cam chnh tng dn nhit l theo yu cu vn hnh

SC NGUYN NHN XL

n bo hiu thiu

du chy sng.

n hiu hon lu xu

chy sng.

n hiu nhit khi

cao chy sng.

Mc du ti nhit trong

bnh gin nqu thp.

Thit b kim tra mc

nc b hng.

Thit b FIAL b hng.

B lc b tt.

Van ngng bng.

C ht nc trong du

ti nhit sau khi np

du.

Nhit k bo hiu b

hng.

Chy bm np du.

Kim tra cn thay th.

Thay th.

Lau sch b lc.

Mvan.

Kh cc ht nc trong

du ti nhit theoo

hng dn phn 3.

Chnh li.


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n hiu nhit du

cao chy sng.

Vi phun DO hng.

Bm hng.

S cvi t.

- Nhm la khng

sinh ra tia la.

Nhit k bo hiu b sai

gi tr.

Din tch trao i nhit

ca l gia nhit b bn.

Cc tm b chn kh thi

b hng.

Vi phun c chnh

hng ng vi cng sut

yu cu.

- Nhit k bo hiu

b hng.

- Nhit k an ton b

t.

- Xem ti lik thut

ca nh ch to.

- Xem ti liu k

thut ca nh ch to.

- Cc in cc chp

Lm sch din tch trao

i nhit ca l.

Kim tra, sa li.

Kim tra nu cn gi

ngi ch to vi phun.

Thay.

- Kim tra nhit

du ti nht ra l c

chnh thp hn nhit

an ton.

- Chnh .

- Chnh.


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+ Moto khng chy.

+ Bm du nhin liu

khng chy.

nhau.

- Cc in cc qu

xa.

- in cc m t.

- Cch in b.

- Bin th hng.

- T in hn, d

n hng.

- Role nhit bt.

- Motor hng, t

in hng

- Van khng kn.

- ng nhin liu

khng kn.

- Van ng.

- B lc bn.

- B lc khng kn.

- Lau chi.

- Thay.

- Thay.

- Tm l do cha tr.

- Kim tra.

- Thay.

- M lau chi hoc

thay.

- Vn chc.

- Mvan.

- Lau chi.

- Thay.

- Thay.

- Thay.


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+ u vi phun khng

tt.

+ Hp iu khin c

t bo khng phn ng

vi ngn la

+ n bo hiu chy

sng khng ng.

- Van mt chiu

khng kn.

- p sut thp.

- Bm ht khng kh

- Vin u vi

khng sit cht.

- L bt kn.

- B lc bt kn.

- B mn

- u vi phun b

nght

- Van mt chiu

hng

- T bo bn

- T bo nng qu

- Ngn la c s c

- Thay bm.

- Sit khp ni.

- Tho lau chi.

- Tho lau chi.

- Thay

- Tho lau chi

- Thay

- Lau

- Thay th

- Nhn nt li

- Chnh li

- Thay


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+ Van t khng mhoc

khng kn

- n hiu s c cc

ng 1-6 chy sng

- Chnh khng ng

- Du khng dung

- Vi phun qu lnhay qu nh

- Lu lng kh qu

lhay qu nh

- Thng gi ni lm

vic

- Cun dy t hng

- Hp an ton hng

- C bn van

- Nhit k bo hng

- Nhit k bo hiu

b sai gi tr

- Nhit du ti

nhit cao hn gi t ban

u

- Thay

- Chnh

- Thng gi qua l

trng m din tch bng

din tch ng khi

- Thay

- Thay

- Mvan lau chi

- Thay

- Chnh li

- Kim tra du ti

nhit


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3.2.5 Trm a vo cc cht chng n mn

3.2.5.1 Cht chng n mn Philmplus-5K1

gim sn mn thit b, theo sau ct 20-C-04 ngi ta a vo cht chng n

mn. im a vo phi ly im cao nht trn ng ra ca hi t 20-C-04 v gia

dng kh thun li cho s phn bng u cht ny trong ng ng i xung 20-E-13A/B.

Lng cht ny a vo ty theo tc n mn thc t.

Lu lng a vo nh thp 20-C-04 hin nay l 1cm3/pht.

3.2.5.2 Trm a vo cht chng n mn

- bng st t bm v phuy ha cht.

- 1 phuy ng ha cht (philmplus-5K1).

- 1 bm nh lng 20-P-A-01, lu lng iu chnh t0 n 5 lt/gi.

- 1 p k, 1 soupape bo v t dng quay li u ht bm.

3.2.6 Bnh ngng t sn phm nh 20-B-01 v bnh tch nc 20-B-01B:

Bnh ngng t 20-B-01 c nhim v thu hi hi ca sn phm nh ca thp 20-C-

04 to trng thi lng. ng thi bnh cn c nhim v tch s b nc c trong sn

phm, do vy m p sut v nhit trong bnh c gigii hn no thng qua

thit b ch th PG-807 v TG-807

Mc cht lng trong bnh c gimc nht nh. Mc thp nht l LLL v

mc cao nht l HLL. Hai mc ny c khng ch bi cm van LCV-807 c iu

khin bi b ch th mc LC-807. Gi s khi mc cht lng trong bnh gim xung qu

thp, b ch th LC sbo iu chnh van LCV-807 ng bt li lm gim lng lng

hi lu vo thp 20-C-04. Khi , lng hi lu i ln nh thp stng v tng lng

sn phm ngng t trong bnh 20-B-01.

Trn bnh 20-B-01 cn c cc van an ton, v c ni vi cc van PCV-807A,

PCV-807B iu chnh p sut trong bnh lun gin nh.

Nhm mc ch tch nc mt cch trit hn khi m lng nc b cun theo

trong sn phm qu nhiu, ngi ta lp thm mt bnh tch nc 20-B-01B. Trong trng

hp lng sn phm b cun theo nc thi nhiu, ngi ta dng mt bm a nc vo

ng ng vi lu lng nhy lp sn phm ln trn bnh 20-B-01.


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Cc thit b trang b cho bnh:

- 1 thit biu khin mc LC-807.

- 1 thit b an ton mc rt cao LSHH-807.

- 1 thit b an ton mc rt thp LSLL-807.

- 1 ng thy LG-807.- 1 p k PG-807, 1 nhit k TG-807.

- 1 soupape PSV 807 bo v qu p.

3.2.7 Trao i nhit ng chm 20-E-01, 20-E-03, 20-E-04 (MI), 20-E-12, 20-E-13, 20-

E-14(U/M/L).

STT TnDng lu cht

Mc chDng nng Dng lnh

1 20-E-01BTP trung bnh

- ng

Nguyn liu Thu nhit dng BTP

trung bnh

2 20-E-03BTP nngV Nc Lm lnh BTP nng

trc khi ra bn

320-E-04 BTP nh - V Nc Lm lnh BTP nh trc

khi ra bn

4 20-E-12Du ti nhit

V

Nguyn liu Nng nhit dng nhp

liu theo yu cu 275oC

5 20-E-13A BTP nh - ng Nguyn liu Thu nhit dng BTP nh

6 20-E-13BBTP nh - V Nc Lm lnh BTP nh trc

khi cho vo 20-B-01

7 20-E-14BTP nng

ng

Nguyn liu Thu nhit dng BTP nng

8 20-E-15 Du ti nhit -ng

BTP nng Gia nhit dng BTP tng hiu quchng ct

3.2.7.1 Trao i nhit 20-E-01

H thng cc dng c cho php kim tra, iu khin tnh trng nhit ca trao i

nhit:


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- TG-801: trn ng nhp liu vo.

- TG-810: trn ng BTP trung bnh ra.

- TIC-801: iu khin nhit t trn ng ra ca nhp liu.

- TCV-801: ng vo ca BTP nng, iu khin BTP nng vo.

- PSV-801: trn ng ra ca nhp liu, bo v vtrao i nhit.- Biu khin TIC-801 kch thch van iu khin TCV-801 lm thay i lng BTP

trung bnh qua 20-E-01, lm thay i nhit dng nhp liu.

- Soupape PSV-801 bo v vtrao i nhit.

3.2.7.2 Trao i nhit 20-E-03


nhit:

- TG-813B: trn ng BTP nng vo.

- TG-815: trn ng BTP nng ra.

- Soupape PSV-813 bo bng trao i nhit.

- Soupape PSV-814 bo v vtrao i nhit.

3.2.7.3 Trao i nhit 20-E-04 (thay mi)

- Nhit k TG-812 o nhit BTP nh ra bn.

3.2.7.4 Trao i nhit 20-E-12

Nhp liu i vo ng mt ln duy nht cho php chng nht vic phn phi lu

lng u trn ton b cc ng cng nh m bo ng u h strao i nhit gia tt

c cc ng.

H thng cc dng c cho php kim tra, iu khin tnh trng nhit trao i

nhit:

- TG-803: trn ng du gylotherm ra.

- TG-806: trn ng du gylotherm vo.

- TRC-802: iu khin nhit nhp liu thng qua iu khin van tng TCV-802,

iu khin lng du ti nhit vo 20-E-12.

TG-806 bo nhit sai lch kh xa so vi nhit ra t l 20-F-01 (nhhn khong

40oC) v nhhn nhit ra khi thit b 20-E-12 khong 2-5oC (chnh xc l nhit

vo phi ln hn nhit ra khi 20-E-12 kh nhiu)


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3.2.7.5 Trao i nhit 20-E-14


nhit:

- TG-802: trn ng nhp liu ra.

- TG-813A : trn ng BTP nng ra.- FCV-801: iu khin lu lng nhp liu vo ct 20-C-03.

(Biu khin FRC-801 iu khin van FCV-801lm thay i lng nhp liu vo

ct 20-C-03 v c t trn ng vo ca nhp liu, ti bm 20-P-01A/B).

3.2.7.6 Trao i nhit 20-E-15

Trao i nhit dng ng chm, c gchy trn nhm trnh mt p bm v trnh lm

hng trao i nhit.

H thng cc dng c cho php kim tra, iu khin tnh trng nhit trao i

nhit:

- LIC-804 iu khin van LCV-804 nhm iu khin lu lng sn phm BTP nng

3.2.8 Trao i nhit dng tm 20-E-05, 20-E-06

Hai trao i nhit 20-E-05/06 bo m lm ngui sn phm.

- 20-E-05 lm ngui BTP trung bnh.

- 20-E-06 lm ngui BTP nng.

Cc BTP c lm ngui nhnc.

Trao i nhit dng tm c la chn v n c tnh kinh ti vi cng sut nh,

din tch trao i nhit nh v cc sn phm sch. Ngoi ra n c thun li quan trng l

gn.

trnh r rjoint ca tm ngi ta dng gii php tm hn.

Mt nhit kring cho php o nhit sn phm.

- TG-811 ng ra BTP trung bnh t 20-E-05.

- TG-814 ng ra BTP nng t 20-E-06.

- iu chnh nhit ca cc sn phm ttrao i nhit c thc hin bng tay qua

vic thay i lu lng nc.

- 1 soupape an ton gn trn tuyn nc ra, bo vcc trao i nhit khi p sut tng

qu cao.


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- Nhng tm trao i nhit ny lm t thp inox 316L.

3.2.9 Bm ly tm

3.2.9.1 Bm ly tm ngui gm

- 20-P-01A/B: Bm nhp liu (bottoms) vo h.

- 20-P-02A/B : Bm BTP nh.Nhng bm ny c c im ring do vic khng lm ngui - c trang b mt b

bc n gin cn sti m bo chc nng du bi trn v lm ngui cc b phn

di chuyn ca b bc.

Vic ti thc hin nhphun vo b bc cht lng u y bm.

3.2.9.2 Bm ly tm nng gm

- 20-P-09A/B : Bm BTP nng.

- 20-P-07A/B : Bm BTP trung bnh.

Dng nc lm ngui, cho php lm ngui:

- Cc ph kin thn bm.

- Thn bm.

Mt lu lng nc 1500l/h ti a 30oC lm ngui bm. Dng nc lm ngui

cn phi c khi bm hot ng hoc ang d phng, ch c th tt khi thc hin bo tr.

3.2.9.3 Cc ph kin chung

Quench hi:

Tt c cc ph kin bm nng c trang b mt hti : Trong trng hp c s

r r ca pht bm s lm gim nng hi xng du nhm lm gim khnng t bc

chy ca sn phm. Gi nhit b bc trnh sng c paraffin khi dng bm (c

bit khi dng chng ct du th). Quench s dng hi 20-25kPa. Lu lng hi cn

dng l 4 lt/pht/bm. Dng hi phi lun lm vic khi bm hot ng.

Cc bm 20-P-02A/B, 20-P-07A/B, 20-P-09A/B c trang b mt van chy tt ni

ng ra ca bm ang hot ng v bm d phng. Van ny cho php chy qua mt lu

lng nh cht lng trong bm d phng nhm hm nng bm dphng. iu ny trnh

nhng thay i nhit t ngt trong trng hp khi ng nhanh bm d phng.

Mi bm c trang b:

- 1 van u ht.


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- 1 ci lc u ht.

- 1 van u y

- 1 p ku y

- 1 van mt chiu u y

Ring hai bm 20-P-01 A/B, p kc dng chung. Tt c cc motor ca bmc khi ng v dng ti ch. Chhai bm 20-P-01A/B c ampere k.

Tin A-02

Ngng c hoc khng c u bo ng chung. Tnh trng hot ng ca motor

c hin th bi mt n .

3.2.10 Cc thit b tng chnh

- FRC-801 iu khin van tng FCV-801 : dng nhp liu

- FRC-811 iu khin van FCV-811 : dng BTP trung bnh

- FRC-812 iu khin van FCV-812: dng BTP nh

- LC-807 iu khin van LCV-807 : dng hi lu ct 20-C-04.

- LIC-804 iu khin van LCV-804 : dng sn phm BTP nng.

- LIC-805 iu khin van LCV-805 : dng hi lu vo ct 20-C-03.

- FR-806 ghi lu lng BTP nng.

- FR-808 ghi lu lng BTP nh hi lu ct 20-C-04.

- TRC-802 iu khin van tng TCV-802: dng gylotherm.

- TR-805 ghi nhit y ct 20-C-04.

- TIC-801iu khin van TCV-801 : dng bypass qua 20-E-01.

3.3 Cc thng s thit k

3.3.1 H soupape an ton

- PSV-801 = 1400kPa

- PSV-805A/B = 250kPa

- PSV-807 = 250kPa

- PSV-809 = 250kPa

- PSV-813 = 700kPa

- PSV-814 = 500kPa

- PSV-815 = 700kPa


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- PSV-816 = 700kPa

- PSV-817 = 700kPa

3.3.2H thng cc b bo mc:

Cc b bo mc ca ct 20-C-03:

- LSH-804 (mc cao) = 2748mm.- LSLL-804 (mc thp) = 298mm.

Cc b bo mc ca ct 20-C-04:

- LSH-805 (mc cao) = 1775mm.

- LSLL-805 (mc thp) = 245mm.

Cc b bo mc ca bnh 20-B-01:

- LSH-807 (mc cao) = 813mm.

- LSLL-807 (mc thp) = 235mm.

Cc b bo mc gy shut-down (tt)bm v bo ng ti A-02.

- LSH-804 s gy shut-down 20-P-01A/B.

- LSH-805 s gy shut-down 20-P-01A/B.

- LSLL-804 s gy shut-down 20-P-09A/B.



3.3.3Thng s thit k cc thit b tng

- FRC-801 = 16.7m3/h

- FRC-811 = 6.62 m3/h

- FRC-812 = 3.42 m3/h

- FR-806 = 10.0 m3/h

- FR-808 = 6.35 m3/h

- TRC-802 = 275oC

- TIC-801= 275oC

3.3.4Thng s thit kbm motor


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20P01A/B 20P02A/B 20P07A/B 20P09A/B 20P-A01

P (kW) 30 4 15 15 0.25/0.18

A 56 8.3 29 29 1/0.57

V(vn) 380 380 380 380 220/380

N(vng/pht) 2950 2870 2940 2940 2790

Hz 50 50 50 50 50

Q (m3/gi) 10 5 16 7.6

H (m H2O) 115 55 65 122

p sut th

(kg/cm2)29 29 29 18

Nhit lm

vic bung

bm (oC)

50 45 154 346

Nhit lm

vic motor

(OC


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P-07B

PG-804 0-100 50 Ct chng ct 20-C-03

PG-805 0-100 50 Ct chng ct 20-C-04

PG-807 0-100 30 Bnh hi lu 20-B-01

3.3.6Bng k thng s k thut cc nhit k

Khong hot

ng (oC)

Nhit hot

ng (oC)Phc v

TG-801 0-250 170 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-13

TG-802 0-400 224 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-14

TG-803 0-600 350 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-12

TG-804 0-600 272 Ct 20-C-03

TG-805 0-400 225 Ra ct 20-C-03

TG-806 0-600 320 Vo trao i nhit 20-E-12

TG-807 0-160 94 Bnh hi lu 20-B-01

TG-809A 0-400 201 Vo trao i nhit 20-E-13

TG-809B 0-160 94 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-13TG-810 0-250 190 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-01

TG-811 0-120 50 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-05

TG-812 0-120 45 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-04

TG-813A 0-250 190 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-14

TG-813B 0-250 190 Vo trao i nhit 20-E-03

TG-814 0-120 50 Ra trao i nhit 20-E-06

TG-815 0-120 75 Vo trao i nhit 20-E-063.4 Thao tc v vn hnh cm chng ct Mini

3.4.1 iu kin vn hnh

Hmini c vn hnh khi m vic lp rp, kim tra th chc nng c thc

hin v kt qut yu cu.


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3.4.2 Np khtr vo h thng.

Trc khi bm nhp liu, thay khng kh vo h bngNit. iu ny trnh nguy c

chy n trong thit b, ng ng.

Quy trnh chung (kt hp hi nc v nit) lm sch khng kh cho h thng bng

hi nc.Quy trnh tham kho:

a) Np nitvo hn p sut 200kPa tng i, sau gim xung 50kPa v lp li

nhiu ln.

b) Np nit vo hp sut kh quyn, ngha l thi khng kh t h thng ra ngoi

bng nit. Hm lng nit kim tra bng my xch tay v khi hm lng Oxi khng qu

1% l t.

3.4.3Khi ng ln u h thng

3.4.3.1 Chun b khi ng:

BC PHNG PHP

1 Khi ng thp lm lnh Mini (ph trch l 20-F-01 thc hin)

2Kim tra nc lm mt cc trao i nhit 20-E-13B, 20-E-03/04, 20-E-05/06

v bm 20-P-09A/B.

3 Mkh nn cung cp cho cc thit b tng.

4Mxnc ngng t trn tuyn hi nc ti cm MINI

Mhi nc cung cp cc bm 20-P-7A/B , 20-P-09A/B

5 ng in motor bm ti tin A-02. ( Trng ca )

6 Chuyn cc thit b tng sang ch manual.

7 Mvan u ht t ccc bm h MINI

8 ng cc van sn phm BTP nh , BTP TB , BTP nng .

9 Mvan slop BTP nh , BTP TB , BTP nng10 Khi ng uc ( nu cha khi ng ) . ( Phtrch uc thc hin )

3.4.3.2 Khi ng :

BC PHNG PHP

1 Nhn nt ON trn button bm 20-P-01A/B v mvan u y bm 20-P-


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01A/B . ( chy bm 20-P=01A/B )

2 iu chnh gi tr FRC-801 = 3,03,5 .

3Kim tra bo ng mc cao ct 20-P-03 . Tt bm 20-P01A/B v bo t

in nu thit b bo mc cao khng hot ng .

4 Chy 20-P-09A/B , khi mc ct 20-C-03 khong 50%

5Kim tra bo ng thp cao ct 20-P-03 . Tt bm 20-P09A/B v bo tin

nu thit b bo mc thp khng hot ng .

6Khi ng 20-F-01 v nng nhit h ( 20 +/- 5oC /gi).

(Ph trch l 20-F-01 thc hin )

7 Chy 20-P-02A/B khi mc 20-B-01 t 50% .

8 Chnh hi lu BTP nh theo nhp liu trng thi n nh .

9 X gi v chy bm 20-P-07 A/B khi b LIC-805 ch 50%

10 iu chnh hi lu BTP TB theo yu cu .

11Mvan slop BTP TB v iu chnh FRC811 sao cho mc ct 20-C-04 ti

LIC-805 n nh ( t 50% )

12 Chuyn thit b tng sang AUTO khi cc BTP n nh .

13 Theo di v ghi thng s theo biu mu .

14 Ly sn phm khi feed , cc thng s nhit : l 20-F-01 , y ct , nh ct20-C-03/04 v hi lu t yu cu .

15Mvan sn phm v ng van slop cc tuyn BTP NH , BTP TB , BTP

NNG .

3.4.4.Khi ng li hsau khi cp in.

Cc bc thc hin :

BC PHNG PHP1 ng van u y cc bm va hot ng .

2 ng cc van sn phm BTP nh , BTP TB , BTP nng .

3 Mcc van slop BTP Nh , BTP TB , BTP Nng .

4 Trnh t khi ng bm : 20-P-01A/B ; 20-P-09A/B ; 20-P-02A/B ;


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5 Khi ng li l 20-F-01 . ( Ph trch l 20-F-01 thc hin )

6 n nh mc bnh 20-B-01 , mc ct 20-C-03/04

7 Gim cng sut h cn 4.0 .

8Nng dn nhit ca l ( 20 +/- 50c/gi) . ( Ph trch l 20-F-01

thc hin )

9 Theo di v ghi cc thng s theo biu mu .

10 Nng dn cng sut v tng hi lu tng ng nhp liu .

3.4.5 Ngng h Mini

Cc bc thc hin:

BC PHNG PHP

1 Chuyn ton b cc dng sn phm ra slop

2 Chuyn cng tc vi t 20-F-01 sang vtr 0 (tt l)

3 Gim feed nhp liu vo h thng nu bm 20-P-09A/B qu ti.

4 iu chnh dng BTP TB n nh mc y 20-C-04.

5Tt bm 20-P-07A/B khi mc ct 20-C-04 thp (bm khng t tt khi mc

cht lng y ct n mc gii hn).

6Tt bm 20-P-02A/B khi mc bnh 20-B-01 thp (bm khng t tt khi mc

cht lng y ct n mc gii hn).7 L t tt khi ngit du ti nhit ra l 20-F-01 di 110oC

8 Tt bm np nguyn liu 20-P-01A/B.

9Tt bm 20-P-09A/B khi mc ct 20-C-03 thp (bm khng t tt khi mc

cht lng y ct n mc gii hn).

10 Tt bm ha cht.

11 X p hra uc t bnh 20-B-01.

12 ng van bn nguyn liu, bn sn phm.13 Mthcc tuyn nguyn liu, sn phm, slop v h MINI.

3.4.6 Cc s cthng gp:

3.4.6.1 Mt p bm: Nguyn nhn v bin php x l

NGUYN NHN BIN PHP XL BM


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u ht khng kn

do b joint lc

hoc u ht cha

c sit cht.

Thay joint h

Sit li u ht

Chy bm d phng

Tt ccc bm

Ha hi bungbm do ln phn

nh khi gia nhit

nhanh hoc hi lu

ln

Gim hi luNng chm l 20-F-01 phn

nh kp bay hi

20-P-09A/B20-P-07A/B

Nguyn liu c ln

nc (p h tng

nhanh).

Tt l.

Khnc h.

Nng nhit h.

20-P-09A/B

20-P-02A/B

20-P-07A/B

D lc u ht

bm

Chybm d phng.

Xc lc.

Tt ccc bm

Trao i nhit b

thng

Dng h (tt l, lm ngui h)

Xl trao i nhit.

20-P-02A/B

p u ht qu

thp

Np Nit vo h. 20-P-02A/B

u ht b nght Dng h

Vsinh u ht

20-P-02A/B

20-P-09A/B

Khi 2 bm mt p Dng h. X l mt p. Nng li

nhit h.

Tt ccc bm

3.4.6.2 Cc s c vi thit b tng:

Nguyn nhn v bin php x l:

BC PHNG PHP1 Tt l 20-F-01 (khi nghe ln bo ci th 2 t my nn)

2M van slop v ng van sn phm BTP nh, BTP trung bnh,

BTP nng

3 Mvan bypass v ng van c lp cc van tng cn c vo gi


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tr ghi trn chart, mc ct, bnh, cc dng hi lu v p bnh 20-

B-01. (Van by-pass khng hot ng)

4 Tin hnh cc th tc ngng h

5 Np Nit cho h khi p hm (p y ct 20-C-03


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Thng s k thut ca 2 loi l hi A v B:

Thng s k thut L hi A L hi B

Cng sut thit k (kg/h)

p sut thit k (kg/cm2)

Gi tr gn van an ton (kg/ cm2)Din tch tip nhit (m2)

Dung tch phn cha hi

Dung tch phn cha nc

4000

10.2

7.485114.3

0.954

4.594

6000

10

4.982.7

3.5

6.6

4.1.3. Quy trnh cng ngh:

o Nc t h cha nc A03, c xl s bnhng vn tn ti mt t ion lm tng

cng ca nc khi vo l nc c cho qua h thng v x l.

o Trc tin nc c dn qua h thng bnh Ressin nha trao i ion, kh

cng ca nc ( lm mm nc). Nc c cp i qua bnh tip xc vi nha hp ph

cc cht cng theo ng trao i ion, lm mm nc trc khi cp vo l.

o Sau khi qua h thng lm mm, nc sc a vo bnh kh kh nhm x l cc

kh gy n mn kim loi nh oxi tdo trong nc, CO2, SO2, H2Sng thi lm tng

nhit nc trc khi vo l ln khong 70-80oC, trnh chnh lch nc cc btrc

khi bm vo l.

o Sau khi c x l v gia nhit s bnc c bm 50-P-60 bm vo khoang

cha nc ca l hi. Ti y nc nhn nng lng nhit qua qu trnh trao i nhit

chuyn thnh nc si, hi nc bo ha, hi ha nhit.

o Mt ng ng ni tbao hi ca l hi hi nc qu nhit n ni s dng.

o Nc trc khi bm vo l hi sc pha ln vi ha cht CW 588 thng qua

bm nh lng chy song song vi bm nc cp 50-P-06 ca l hi. Ha cht c pha

vo bnh nha PE vi th tch l 120l, pha theo nng chnh. Vic s dng ha cht

CW 588 c tc dng nh sau:


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Tc cht Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 lm tng pH ca dung dch nc vo l, vi ch

nc cp nh hin nay c tnh axit gy n mn thit bnn khi cho vo pH tng ln

khong 9-10 c li cho nc l hi.

Dung dch NaHCO3 c trong CW588 c th khoxi nc trong l c bit l khi

thit b kh oxi khng hot ng thng xuyn. Trong CW588 c mt ion PO4

3-vo nc l l rt quan trng, n tng cng kh

nng kh

Ca 2+v Mg 2+, ng thi lm cn bm bong ra x y l d dng. Ngoi ra

Na3PO4 cn c tc dng to b mt mt lp mng bo v chng c n mn kim loi.

4.1.4. S cng ngh:

4.1.5. S c:

Cc s c Nguyn nhn Cch x l

Mc nc xung

qu thp so vi

mc quy nh

Khng bm nc vo ni

B phn iu khin bm nc

khng hot ng

H thng cp nc b nght

Bm b mt p v gi hoc h

u ht

Nhanh chng cho ngng l, kim

tra ng thy nu thy nc thp

th bsung nc t t. Nu khng

c nc th khng c cp nc

vo l.

Ni hi ngp

nc, ct nc

trong ng thy

vt qu mc quy

nh cho php

Van cp nc khng kn

ng ng dn ra ng thy b

nght

B iu khin t ng bm

nc khng hot ng

p sut l hi gim

M vi th nc cao nht (nu

c) nu thy nc chy ra th:

Tt bm cp nc hoc ng van

ni hi.

Kim tra cc b phn iu khin

bm nc.

Cho ni hi hot ng trli.

L hi mt in,

cc thit b ng

lot khng hot

ng

Mch in li ang s dng b

ct hoc mch in trong nh

my ang s dng b s c

Nu cp in lu th kha van hi

chnh m bo mc nc trong

l khi cn nng


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B x ng nc,

ng la trong l,

nghe ting n

trong l hoc thy

nc chy xungmt la

Cn dnh vo thnh ng nhiu

gy qu nhit hoc do nc tun

hon khng tt.

Do bn cht kim loi hoc ch

ni ti khng tt. Hoc cthdo cc ng ng mn qu

quy nh

Phi ngng l ngay khi c xy ra

sau l ngui, vo kim tra

v sa cha

Sau khi sa cha xong th phi

thp theo quy nh

4.2. My nn

4.2.1 Nhim v

My nn l thit b cung cp kh nn p sut n nh cho cc mc ch sau:

iu khin ng mcc van tng ca cm condensate v mini.

Trn ln vi du t l E10, l hi tn sng du t nhm tng khnng chy.

4.2.2 Cu to v cc c tnh k thut

My nn kh SSR-ML37 l my nn trc vt, bc n, c truyn ng bi mt m

t in km ph kin, ng, dy v . Ton bc cha trong hp my nn.

Mt my nn chun gm y nh sau:

Lc gi u ht

M t v my nn ng b

H du bi trn chu p lc vi thit b lm sch

H tch du

Hiu khin ti

Hiu khin khi ng m t

Thit bo

Thit b phng h

Thit b lm lnh ph bng kh lnh

Thit b tch m v xnc

My nn kh c np du siu lm lnh SSR. Cht lng ny cn c thay sau

mi 8000 gilm vic ca my hoc sau hai nm mt ln (p dng ty chtiu no n


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59

trc). Vic thay du ng thi gian qui nh s bo m s bo v ti a cho my, ko

di c tui th ca my.

My nn c nhng c tnh k thut sau:

Mode my: SSR ML-37

p sut danh nh:110 psig (7.5 bar)

Cng sut: 43,5 KW

Lu lng danh nh: 6m3/pht

n: 75 dba

Trng lng: 917 kg

My nn kh SSR-ML-37 c thit k hot ng mi trng t 17oC n

38oC. Nhit chun ti a 38oC c tnh cao 1000m so vi mc nc bin. Nu

my t cao hn th nhit mi trng s gim ng k nn phi xem xt li nu s

dng m t nh gii thiu.

4.2.3. Nguyn l hot ng:

Qu trnh nn trong my nn dng trc vt c to thnh nh s dn nn ca hai

trc vt quay trn hai trc song song, c bao kn bi v bung nn lm bng gang chu

lc vi l kh u ht v u y nm hai u i din. Rnh trc vt ci nn kh v n

c truyn ng bi trc vt c. ta hnh cn u y ngn nga chuyn ng

hng trc ca cc trc vt.

Mi hp du bitrn v kh y t u my nn i vo h tch. H tch ny nm

trong bnh tch, n s tch ton b du ra khi kh nn, tr vi ppm khng tch ht cn li

trong kh. Du c tch s quay v h thng c kh tch du s i vo cm lm lnh

ph. H du bi trn gm bnh tch, thit b lm lnh, van iu khin dn nhit tnh hc

v b lc. Khi my nn ang hot ng du c nn v y n cc trc ca my.

H lm lnh ph gm mt trao i nhit, mt thit b tch cht ngng t v thit bx t ng. Nh lm lnh kh y ra nn phn ln hi nc t nhin c trong khng kh

c ngng t v n c loi ra nh thit b t ng. Cng sut my nn c kim sot

nh h thng iu khin ti. iu kin chun my c th vn hnh ch on - off

linehocupper range modulate (iu bin di trn). My s hot ng duy tr p sut


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truyn ti y p sut cao hn mt t so vi p sut danh nh v c thc hin bi h

thng tt - m t ng khi dng cho nhng thit b c nhu cu kh thay i ln.

4.2.4. Cc s c thng gp:

S c Nguyn nhn

My khng khi ngc

Do h thng in khng m bo, c th mt ngun in hoc dos dng in qu ti. Ty trng hp m c cch x l khc

nhau

My hot ng khng

t c p sut danh

nh

S c ny c do nhu cu kh qu cao, hoc do Role p sut IDS

c gn mc qu thp

My khng cung cp

lu lng danh

nh

Do lc kh u vo b bn nn lm gim lng kh c ht vo

v lm gim cng sut cung cp kh. Hoc cng c th do hiu

chnh sai dn n iu bin lu lng khng ng

My tiu hao du lm

lnh qu mc

Khi mng tch b nt gy hoc b nght v d bn s lm tieu hao

du lm lnh do phi kim tra nh k.

C nc trong kh ra

ni s dng

B x tng b bn, nght hoc khng xnc ngng t nn

kh theo nc tuyn u ra, vy nn phi kim tra nh k.

4.3. B sy Pneudri

4.3.1.Gii thiu

Thit b sy kh bng cht lm kh c cu to t nhm dp thng thng. p sut

lm vic cho php t n 10.5 bar. u vo v u ra ca my sy gm c mt cp bt

m rng c th bt c vo, ming h ca bt c gen d dng ni vi h thng tuyn

ng. u i din ca u vo/ra c lp thit b o v thit b iu khin, c trong

hp bo v.Mi my sy s c nhiu ct c np bng cht lm kh. S lng ct bin thin t

2 dn 10 ph thuc vo cng sut ca my. Vi loi DX 103 c ba ct.

4.3.2. C ch hot ng

Kh c a qua ming bt u vo v c iu khin bi van vo, chy ti mt

trong nhng bung ca ng phn phi pha di. T ng phn di khi i qua mt bn


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cc ct ln pha trn v c lm kh nh n tip xc vi vt liu kh m cha trong cc

ct.

Kh c sy kh sau i vo ng gp trn v qua van mt chiu khi ra l

x. Mt khu lm sch ca ng gp trn cho php mt lng nh kh kh chy xung

nhng ct t nhm ti sinh vt liu kh m. Dng kh sau khi ti sinh s chy vo mtbn ng phn phi di v x ra kh quyn qua van x v thit b gim m.

4.3.3.Cht lng kh nhn c

Kh ht ti 0,1 microms

Hm lng du ti a cn li: 0,01 mg/ C

im sng: - C.

Theo tiu chun ISO 5873,1: cht lng cp cho 1 hoc 2 v kh m.

4.4. Thp lm lnh

4.4.1.Vai tr, nhim v ca thp lm lnh

- Thp lm lnh l cm thit b c nhim v cung cp cht lm lnh (nc) ly i

lng d tha ca cc dng sn phm, cc bm c nhit cao ca cm chng ct v

nhit lng ca dng hi sn phm nh ca cc cm chng ct.

- Mt khc, thp lm lnh condensate cn c vai tr ti sinh cht lm lnh sau mi chu

k lm lnhNh ta bit dng sn phm nh ca cc cm chng ct u dng hi khi vo

cc trao i nhit, di tc dng ca dng nc lm lnh cc dng hi ny sngng t

trit v sau l qu trnh lm lnh cc dng sn phm va ngng tn nhit theo

mong mun trc khi vo cc bnh tch lng hi. iu ny rt quan trng i vi s hot

ng ca h bi v n to s cn bng v p sut ca cc cm chng ct. Nu v l do no

m dng nc lm mt cung cp cho cc trao i nhit b mt, lc p sut, nhit

ti cc bnh tch stng rt nhanh do cc dng hi sn phm nh khng ngng tcv lng hi ny sthot ra uc gy qu ti cho uc. Mt khc khi p sut ti cc

ct chng ct C07, C101, bnh tch V14, V101, trao i nhit E-13A/B, E-102 s tng

nhanh rt nguy him cho cc thit b ny.


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Ngoi ra nhit cc dng sn phm ca cc cm chng ct cn phi lm mt

xung nhit cho php trc khi ra bn cha, iu ny l quan trng bi v n gy hao

ht (i vi sn phm nh) v nguy c chy n(i vi sn phm nng). cui cng hot

ng ca cc bm c nhit cao P-08/09, P-11/12 cng cn nc lm mt trc,

bung nht, bung bm nhm trnh nhng hng hc do nhit cao gy ra.4.4.2.M t hot ng

Da trn nguyn tc dng kh cng bc ngc chiu.

Nc nng tun hon vo thp lm lnh ng vo, chy qua cc vi phun khng tc

nghn (c gn cnh bng bulong) vo nhng ng phn phi bng PCV v c phn

phi trn lp vt liu trao i nhit (lp m), qu trnh lm lnh xy ra. Nc sau

khi lm lnh si xung h cha v tip tc chu trnh nhhot ng ca bm P-25/26.

Qut gi nh ca thp lm lnh ht khng kh xung quanh qua ng gi vo

pha di chn ca thp, khng kh si ngc chiu vi dng nc, tip xc vi cc

ht nc nhri xung v ly i nhit lng ca nc ri thot ra ngoi.

Nhng tm chn bng PVC c lp t pha trn h thng phn phi ngn chn

nhng git nc nh c th b cun ra khi thp bi qut gi gy lng ph cht lm lnh.

Nc bsung b p vo lng nc tht thot do sbay hi trong qu trnh truyn

nhit.

4.4.3.Thng s k thut

Cng sut nhit: 3,4kW

Nhit nc vo: 400C

Nhit nc ra: 300C

Tc nc tun hon: 294m3/h

4.4.4.Xl nc cho thp lm lnh:

Nc s dng cho thp lm lnh i hi cao v mt cht lng bi n nh hng

n khnng trao i nhit v tui th ca thp cng nh bn ca h thng ng dn.

Nc t nhin lun cha mui v kh trong thnh phn ca n. Khi nc bay hi, kh s

thot ra cng hi nc nhng mui th vn li, u ny c ngha l lng mui trong

nc tun hon stng ln theo chu kbay hi, lm lnh. Nc vi hm lng cao ca


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mui sl mi trng dinh dng l tng cho cc loi to v vi sinh vt pht trin. do

, trnh nng mui cao trong nc tun hon, lu lng nc xy 2lit/7giy.

Bn cnh , dit to v khoxi trong nc tun hon (l mt trong cc yu t

gy rst ng ng dn) ngi ta s dng cc ha cht thch hp theo nh k. C th ti

thp lm lnh condensate chng ang dng cc ha cht Continuum AT v N1130.4.4.5.S c v thp lm lnh:

Sc Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc

Mt dng nc

tun hon

L do bm tun hon b s c Lc cn chy ngay bm

dphng cp nc li

cho cc trao i nhit ri

xc nh chnh xc nguyn

nhn s c(thng l s c

vin)

Ht mc nc

h cha

Do thao tc ca ngi vn hnh (xy

khng ng yu cu)

Do cc bm nc ti A03 b s c

Do thng ng cc trao i nhit

Do tuyn nc b sung b nght, yu

Thng bo cho cng nhn

A03 chy tng cng cc

bm nc d phng, nu

mc nc b ht nhiu cn

dng vi ph b sung

Dng h x l ch thng

Qut gi cng

bc b s c

Thng l do s c vin hay c kh,

lc ny nhit ca dng nc tun

hon s cao hn bnh thng, iu ny

s lm nh hng n hot ng ca cc

trao i nhit v cc ct chng ct

Cn gim ti a feed ca

cm chng ct condensate,

tin hnh tm hiu nguyn

nhn v khc phc s c.

Nc h cha

b ln du

Do cc trao i nhit b thng ng E17,

E18, E19, E102

Cn dng ngay h thng

chng ct tng ng tin

hnh sa cha, v sinh thp

Lc ny cc bm dng hi


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nc c th tm hot ng

trong thi gian ngn, xc

nh nguyn nhn v x l

tht nhanh, nu mt hi

nc hon ton m khngx l c th cn phi

ngng ton b hot ng

ca h v vn an ton

chy n.


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c bm vo bn sn phm, kh c t chy trnh s nhim cho mi trng xung

quanh nhh thng qut gi v nh la mi.

5.2.2 Nguyn tc hot ng:

Trit tiu ng nng ca cc ht ngng t trong dng off-gas.

Tng cng khnng kt t to ra cc ht c kch thc ln hn m chng c khnngngng t.

Hi bo ha t V14 v B01 (vi iu kin van tt ca 2 bnh ny ang ng) ra uc s

ngng mt phn dc tuyn ng, tuy nhin do p lc ca dng kh chng khng th tch

c lm 2 pha m di dng cc ht bi lng. thu hi chng ta cn phi trit tiu

ng nng v cho chng va p vo thnh bnh knock-out, lc vn tc cc ht bi lng

s b trit tiu, chng s lin tip bm vo thnh bnh v chy xung y bnh.

Mt slu khi vn hnh uc:

Chy qut gi, t gas mi khi l E, F01 bt u t.

m bo p gas sau regulator duy tr tia la mi.

Khi hcondensate v mini ang vn hnh thng xuyn theo di ngn la, p gas, pht

hin kp thi cc s c.

5.2.3. Cc s cthng gp:

Bng cc s cthng gp trong h thng uc

Sc Nguyn nhn Bin php khc phc

Trn lngDo s c condensate (trn bnh

V14) v mini (trn bnh B01)

X l ti cc uc bng cch bm

naphta lin tc gi mc bn thu

hi thp ng thi cho x naphta

ph ti knock- out drum

p ti bnh

knock-out tngqu cao

Nght tuyn hi ra uc ti

thit b ngn la chy ngc Ngng h tm thi v sinh.

uc chy c

khi

Do nguyn liu c nhiu thnh

phn nh nh lng naphta ra

bn nhiu, chy khng ht.

Ngng h tm thi v sinh


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Do qut gi: motor qut c s

c, khng chy c do dy

co-roa chng cn can chnh

Bm naphta b

mt p

Do loc bm bd Sc lc

Do naphta bay hi trong bungbm

Lm mt bung thu hi

Tt la ming gas mi b nght hay

lng gas mi tNgng h tm thi v sinh

5.3. Cu cng

5.3.1 Gii thiu

V tr cng: 10 4510N- 10 647E

a im ta hoa tiu: 10 20N- 107 03E

Ctu ln nht nhn c: 25.000DWT

5.3.3. Cu bn

Cu cng Di , m Su , m Loi tu/ hng

A 80 10 Xng du

B 77 10 LPG

5.3.4.Kho bi

Tng din tch: 280.000m2

Kho: 141.117m2

Bn b: 204.000m2

5.4. ng ng

5.4.1. ng ngng ng trong NMLD c nhim v vn chuyn nguyn liu, sn phm tni ny

n ni khc. N c dng ni cc bn b li vi nhau, vn chuyn nguyn liu vo

thp chng luyn, t tu du vo bn cha, t bn cha ln xe bn


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ng ng trong NMLD CT LI c thit k v lp t sao cho ngn, kinh t v

p ng c cc cht vc, ha l. y ta chquan tm n khnng bn mn v

phng php chng n mn ng ng.

5.4.2.n mn ng ng

5.4.2.1.Phn loiC 2 loi

- n mn bn trong: qu trnh n mn bn trong ph thuc vo vic hot ng ca

ng ng, c chia thnh nhng loi sau:

n mn ngt:gy ra bi s hin din ca cacbondioxit tan trong lu cht, hay cn gi

l n mn cacbon acid, ch yu l n mn cc bv n mn l.

n mn chua: do hydrogen sulphite, qu trnh ny c th gy ra hng hc rt nhanh do

lm nt lp thp ca ng ng.

n mn do vi sinh vt: do qu trnh trin ca vi sinh vt trong ng ng.

- n mn bn ngoi: n mn bn ngoi ch yu mt qu trnh n mn in ha

5.4.2.2.Cc yu tnh hng n n mn ng ng:

Nc: khi t lnc trong du t, v vn tc di chuyn trong du ln, nc b cun

theo dng chy ca du v khng thm t b mt thp nn khng xy ra qu trnh n

mn. Khi vn tc thp hn gi trnh mc, nc v du tch ri v bt u xy ra qu

trnh n mn. Lng nc gii hn c thc mang theo du trc khi trthnh mt

pha lin tc c c tnh ty theo loi v bn cht ca du, khong 20-30% nc trong

du th khng to ra qu trnh n mn.

CO2: trn 600C, s hin din ca CO2 dn n s hnh thnh cacbonat bo v, ngn

chn qu trnh n mn tip din, tuy nhin lp ny d b xi mn, nu tc xi mn

thp, thp s to thnh cc lp cacbonat thay th. Tuy nhin khi vn tc xi mn cao, lp

cacbonat thay th khng hnh thnh kp, qu trnh n mn s xy ra, hin tng ny gi l

qu trnh n mn, xi mn.

nh hng ca vt rn trong ng ng: s hin din ca nhng cht rn trong ng

ng, c bit l ct, do ph vlp siderite, qu trnh n mn din ra nhanh v c th gy

ra thng l trong vi tun. h hng thy r nht ti v tr cong hay nhng khu vc c dng

chy ti cao.


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Vi sinh vt: ng ng dn du v nc c th chu sn mn t qu trnh pht trin

ca vi khun kh Sulphate (SRB: sulphate reducing bacteri). Loi vi khun ny pht trin

cng nhiu loi vi khun khc. SRB l mt vi khun ym kh, n tn dng ngun acid bo

c trong nc v s dng oxi gc sulphate oxi ha cc acid bo. Nhng vi khun ny

kch thch hot ng ca gc sulphate v lm tng cng qu trnh n mn.Trong qu trnh pht trin ca vi khun, pH mi trng tng cao do sulphate kt hp

vi nc to thnh hydrogen sulphite, acid ny di chuyn v to ra acid mi trng

khc.

5.4.2.3.Phng php bo v chng n mn ng ng:

Phng php bo v chng n mn ng ng bao gm:

S dng vt liu chng n mn

S dng nhng cht c ch chng n mn

Bo v bng cc lp bao ph.

Bo v cathod bng anod hi sinh

5.5. B cha

5.5.1. Nhim v

Mc ch chnh ca b cha l dng tn tr v bo qun cc nguyn liu, bn sn phm.

5.5.2. Cc thng s k thut

Loi b:

- B trng np cone.

- B np ni

K hiu: T+s+ch ci

Slng bn

- T1: 2 bn

- T2: 4 bn (c dung tch nh nht)

- T3: 1 bn

- T4: 3 bn

- T5: 4 bn

- T6: 6 bn

- T7: 3 bn


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- T8: 3 bn

5.5.3. bn cha

Mc ch

gi li sn phm trong khu vc c chc chn v ngn khng cho sn phm

trn ra khu vc xung quanh trong trng hp trn bn hoc vbn, chy n. Trong vngrng ln ca th yu cu khong gia c cc bc tng c kt cu bng b tng hay

. Trong mt s trng hp th khng khnng cha lng yu cu th thm vo

nhng vng trng.

Thit k:

Tng c gia cng bng b tng, gch hay . Trong nhng trng hp

phi quan tm c bit n mi ni m bo chng cht. Quan tm n khnng r r

xuyn qua hoc bn di tng , ph thuc nhiu vo lp mt t bn di ch xy

dng.

Sn :

Nn cha t xp, vi khu vc c nc thp khng cn thit phi chng thm ra

xung quanh khi vic r r chp nhn c. Ni c r r cao hay cc vng ln cn c th b

nhim th cn ra phng n chng thm. Vn quan tm l khnng chng thm

khu vc c ma ln hay ni tn trkhng c ngi. Trng hp th mc nh

hng nghim trng n nn mng ca bn v tng t ca do chng bo ha vi

cht lng to nn s phn r, xi lnhng l hng trong nn v tng .

5.5.4 Kim tra nh k b cha

5.5.4.1. ngha

Vi vic thnh lp mt chng trnh kim tra lu di v sa cha da trn nhng

th tc kim nh nghim ngt, chun xc em li nhng thun li v cc mt sau:

Xc nh chnh xc lch ca barem.Nhng vt liu xy dng v ph tng cn thit sa cha c tht yu cu kp

thi.

T chc tt cng vic sa cha b

H thng phn phi c th c da trn cc kt qutheo di ny thit k cc b

cha


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5.5.5.2. Thi gian kim tra

Bng thi gian ti thiu thc hin vic kim tra v n mn cu trc b.

Loi b v sn phm Kim tra dy thnh

(dng phng php siu

thanh), c mi.

Kim tra cu trc bn trong

ca 1-2 b trong 1 nhm

sau: Du ha, DO, gasoil,

Condensate

Bn cha tm (slop):

Khng c ph bo v

C bo v

8 nm

5 nm

1 nm

5 nm

16 nm

10 nm

2 nm

10 nm

Bng thi gian ti thiu kim tra bn nhm m bo cht lng sn phm

Sn phm nh k

Cc sn phm sng (xng, gasoil, du ha,

)

Cc sn phm ti (DO, FO,)

Khi cn khong 2- 3 nm

Khi cn khong 3-4 nm

5.5.5.3.Cc bc kim traKim tra bn ngoi:

Qu trnh n mn xy ra trn mi v tr ca phn bn ngoi mt b v c th gy ra

nhiu nguy him. Vic kim tra, quan st bn ngoi bao gm pht hin cc du hiu ca

n mn, r r, st ln, n cng bao gm cc ng ng ni vi b.

Cng cn xc nh s hot ng bnh thng ca cc thit b ngoi nh: bch ni,

valve an ton, thit bo, ng ng thot nc,

Cc v tr cn kim tra bao gm:- Cu thang: cn m bo an ton cc mi ni, cc cu trc nng, tay cm,- Mi bn: Mi cnh: trc khibc ln mi cn quan st xem mi c du hiu b thng hoc

n mn hay khng. Nu c nhng du hiu cho thy mi b thng do n mn t bn trong


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i vi vic pht hin n mn y b cha, nu dng sng siu thanh s cho kt qu

khng chnh xc v dy ca phn y (do nh hng ca lp t bn di). Do , nu

nghi ngc sn mn xy ra di y b th tt nht l nng b ln v kim tra.

Kim tra thnh b:

Sn mn bn trong ca thnh b ty thuc vo sn phm cha bn trong v h scha. Sn mn c th xy ra phn khng gian hi cng nh phn cha lng.

n mn phn cha lng ch yu xy ra l do stch nc ra khi sn phm. iu ny

c th d nhn ra khi pht hin lng nc di y b khi rt sn phm.

i vi vic xem xt phn thn, tng i kh khn hn vic kim tra cc b phn

khc. pht hin xem sn mn c xy ra khng gian hi hay khng c th nhvo

vic kim tra bn ngoi i vi phn mi cng nh vic o di ca phn mai. Vi

nhng d liu thu c sgip xc nh c cn thit phi lp dn gio kim ra k

lng bn thn hay khng, nht l khi c nhng du hiu r r trn thn.

Kim tra mi b:

Mi cnh: thng thng th kim tra bng mt thng cng , nhng nu c du

hiu bn mn bn trong th phi kim tra k li cu trc mi. Nn ghi li don vn

mn cho ln kim tra tip theo. Khi c nhiu l thng trn mi th cn tin hnh hn kn

li.

Mi ni: cc phn ca phao cn c kim tra r r, n mn mt cch k lng, cng

vi cc thng so b dy. Phao cn phi c kim tra vkn kh (nh ni trn).

Cc b phn sau cng cn c kim tra k:

Mi nim mi: kim tra h hng, trc trc hay bbm d. Mi nim hot ng khng

ng s dn n st ln, ph hy , hoc lm kt s chuyn ng ca mi.

Cc u ni in (shunts) gia phn mi v thn: nhng h hng xay ra y d dn

n ha hon.Phn khung, rnh, con ln, m bo cho s hot ng ca mi.

5.5.5. Nhng s cthng gp b cha

Theo kinh nghim th nhng s c, tai nan lin quan n bn bthng c lp li.

Do vic xem xt nhng sai lm mc phi trc c th gip trnh nhng s ctng

t xy ra n sau ny. Thng nhng s c xy ra l do s thiu hiu bit hoc bt cn


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trong qu trnh vn hnh, iu khin hoc khi kim tra, xem xt khng tun theo nhng

quy nh v an ton, thit k, trng ti ti a, iu khin vn hnh Nhng nhn thc ti

sao tai nn xy ra, xy ra nh th no, nhng nguyn tc no khng c tun th, l

mt trong nhng cch tt nht vn hnh bn an ton v hiu qu, trnh lp li nhng s

c.Nhng s cthng thng ca bn cha

Ha hon do hpha vnh (thng gp mi ni).

Mt b cha hot ng c 10 nm v xut hin hin tng ln lm thnh b bin

dng chuyn sang hnh oval. S bin dng cng nhiu, mi ni mp b cng khng th

lin kt cht ch vi thnh bnh trc. Khong trng gia mi ni v pht trin thnh

v do to ra trn b mt mt l hsn phm.

a im t bthng c nhng t sm st khng c bo trc. Trong s nhng

ln sm st b bnh trng v ha hon xy ra.

Phao r r (mi ni): do n mn khng d ra c, 2 phao ca mt mi ni b r kt

qu l 2 cu phao b chm trong sn phm. iu ny lm mi b nghing so vi phng

nm ngang. Sau mt cn ma ln, nc ng li mt bn mi v tng nghing b,

nc khng thot ra khi ltho trn mi cho n khi mc thiu vng chc ca b ln

n mc gii hn. Kt qu l b chm.

Hng h thng thot nc trn mi (mi ni): nhng nguyn nhn thng thng gy

hng h thot nc bt ngun t nhng mnh vn ng cn trn ca vo ca h thng

thot nc. Rt nhiu cht c th tc nghn ng tho nc nh gi lau du, giy

Nhm chc chn h thng thot nc lm vic mt cch hon ho, vic kim tra h thng

cn c tin hnh thng xuyn v nh k. C th kim tra vo trc ma ma hoc

trc khi mi c t ln thnh.

Mi b sp (mi cnh): vi nhng mi cnh c ng knh ln, khi c dng lnlun lun xut hin mt s ri ro lm cho mi b sp nu nh nhng cc dng (erection

poles) khng an ton c s dng. S sp ca mt cu trc mi khng nhng gy nh

hng nghim trng lm thit hi vt cht m cn gy nguy him cho nhng cng nhn

v thhn lm vic bn trong bn.


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Bn b hng do l thot kh b bt kn.

Phng php chng n mn trong b cha:

c nhiu phng php chng n mn trong b cha. thng dng nht hin nay l ph

mt lp vt liu chng n mn.

Hin nay c rt nhiu loi vt liu dng ph bn ngoi b:- Bitum nng hay nha than - Polyetylen (PE) hay polypropylene (PP)- Epoxy (FBE)- Bng cun bng plastic- Epikote- Sn chng st Khi tin hnh thi cng sn ph ti cc mi hn phi sn 2 lp:

- Lm sch- Sn lt sigma eprimer 1 lp 25mm- Qut mt lp keo dnh B.30- Cun 2 lp bng keo NiTT053 Ta tin hnh ph b bng cch phun sn lng di p sut cao, sn chuyn v pha vt

cn sn c l nhdng mt in trng cao th gia sn phun v vt cn sn (50000

V)

Ta c thu c lp sn phn bng u bng cch sn kt ta in t dng nh tng

ca sn trong nc di tc dng ca in trng. cc git sn tch in m v chuyn

ng n vt cn sn l nhng cc dng, cn thnh thp ca ng cha sn l cc m.


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CHNG 6: TN TR-BO QUN_KIM TRA CHT LNG

6.1 Tn tr v bo qun

Nh my lc du Ct Li c mt h thng bn b rt ln. Cc bn c lp t theo

tiu chun nht nh, phi qua khu kim tra nghim ngt mi a vo s dng. Cc bn

ny dng cha nguyn liu v sn phm. Khu vc xung quanh cc bn c h thng bao quanh nhm ngn chn s c trn du khi vhay nt bn. Bn cnh , xung quanh

cc ming bn c h thng PCCC, bao gm mt ng ng mu xanh cha nc lm mt

v cc ng to bt cha chy.

Bn c thit k theo hnh trtrn, y c dng hnh nn. Chnh gia bn trong c

mt tr ln c gn cc nhnh ra xung quanh gn vi ming bn, mc ch l chu p

lc khi nguyn liu hay sn phm to ra di tc dng ca nhit mi trng. Cng v l

do nn trn ming bn c t mt van th. Mc ch ca van l trnh hin tng bn

b co dn do nhit . y bn c tc dng lng nc hay cc tp cht c ln trong

nguyn liu v sn phm. Cc bn ny c xy ni, bn c c bng b tng v c

cc k thut c bit nhm m bo an ton. Sn phm ca nh my c vn chuyn i

tiu th bng cc citec chuyn dng, Bn cnh c th dng cc x lan chuyn dng.

Trong qu trnh bo qun, tn tr, vn chuyn, do c tnh d chy n nn vn an

ton PCCC lun c t ln hng u.

6.2 Kim tra cht lng sn phm

6.2.1 Gii thiu tng quan v phng KCS:

Phng KCS c vai tr quan trng trong vic nh gi, kim tra cht lng nguyn

liu cng nh sn phm trong nh my. Phng ny c nhim v qun l cht lng sn

phm, cc yu cu v t chc sn xut hp l, ph vi tng iu kin nh my.

Cc qu trnh kim tra, o c ti phng KCS u tun theo cc tiu chun ph hp,

ch yu l TCVN v ASTM.

6.2.2 Trang b ca phng KCS:

My o ch s Octane (RON)

My o nhit chp chy cc kn.

My trng luyn tng AD6, NDI-440 hot ng p sut thng.

My so mu.


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My li tm.

My xc nh hm lng nc v tp cht c hc.

My xc nh n mn tm ng.

My xc nh im ng c.

My xc nh ch s cetan.

My o nht.

Thit bo t trng

6.2.3 Cc nhim v chnh:

Nguyn liu nhp vo c kim tra cc thng s sau:

T trng 15oC (d415).

Hm lng nc.

ng cong trng luyn TBP.

p sut hi.

Hm lng cn.

Sn phm xut ra c kim tra:

im chp chy.

T trng.

Hm lng tro.

Hm lng cn.

Chi s Octane.

ng cong trng luyn ASTM.

Cc chtiu trn dng nh gi nguyn liu hay sn phm ca nh my nhm a

ra cc thng s vn hnh ph hp.

6.3 CC TIU CHUN CHT LNG SN PHM:

Hin nh my qun l cht lng sn phm theo cc tiu chun TCVN. C th l:

- Ch tiu cht lng xng khng ch: TCVN 6777:2007.

- Ch tiu cht lng du KO: TCVN 6777:2007.

- Ch tiu cht lng DO: TCVN 6777:2007.

- Ch tiu cht lng FO: TCVN 6777:2007.


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6.4 ngha mt s tiu chun cht lng

6.4.1 nht

c trng cho ma st ni ti ca cht lng hoc cht kh. o bng n v Centistock

(cSt), Centipoise (cP) nht c ngha i vi cc sn phm nng, dng bc phun

nh: nhin liu phn lc, du Diesel, du FO. nht cng thp th cng dlu chuynv bm nguyn liu cng d dng, nhin liu dtn sng bc t. V do qu trnh

chy cng d xy ra, hon ton, cho hiu sut cao, t nhim mi trng.

6.4.2 p xut hi

L p sut m pha hi tc ng ln b mt cht lng mt nhit nht nh trong

iu kin cn bng pha. n vo: psi, mmHg, Pa, p sut hi c ngha rt to ln

i vi xng v LPG trong tn tr v s dng. Nhin liu cng dbay hi th ng c

cng d khi ng. Tuy nhin p sut qu cao s to nt hi trong ng dn nhin liu. p

sut hi quyt nh cc iu kin tn tr thch hp nhm trnh nguy c chy n.

6.4.3 im chp chy

L nhit thp nht iu kin thng m hi ca sn phm to vi khng kh

mt hn hp chy n khi tip xc ngn la mi. N c ngha rt ln trong vic tn tr,

bo qun, vn chuyn nhin liu. Nhin liu phi lun ginhit thp hn nhit

chp chy ca n m bo an ton chy n. Trong trng hp nhin liu c nhit

thp hn nhit mi trng th cn phi bo qun kn, cch ly vi khng kh

6.4.4 Ch s Octane

Biu hin khnng chng kch n ca nhin liu trong ng c. Hin tng lm

gim hiu qu s dng ca nhin liu, gy lng ph, hng hc v hao mn thit b. Xng

c ch s Octane cng cao th khnng chng kch n cng tt. Ch sOctane

thuc tap cat lai pro

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