tong dai chuyen mach 2010

7/30/2019 Tong Dai Chuyen Mach 2010

1/94

Tngi chuyn mch AXE Nm 2010

Mai ThHng 1

Chng 1:Gii thiu Tng i AXE

I. Gii thiu chung

AXE l mt sn phm tng i in t s ca hng Ericsson, Thy in. AXE cbt u pht trin t nhng nm 1970 v lin tc c ci tin k t sn phm utin. S pht trin ca AXE c tip tc cho n nay, th k 21, phn nh nhu cu

ngy cng bin i ca th gii thng tin.1) Lch s pht trin

- 1975: AXE, h thng tng i ni ht iu khin bng my tnh c giithiu vo th trng th gii.

- 1977: h thng AXE bt u xm nhp cc th trng quc t.

- 1982: tng i s AXE hon chnh ln u tin c lp t ti Phn Lan.

- 1985: AXE bn c 63 quc gia v c s dng trong 22 h thngin thoi di ng.

- 1986: AXE xut hin ln u ti Bc M.- 1988: 4 triu ng dy AXE c lp t, chim tng ng 10% th

trng th gii.

- 1991: Ericsson lp t h thng GSM u tin da trn nn AXE.

- 1992: AXE c lp t 101 quc gia.

- 1993: 12 triu line AXE c lp t.

- 1995: 14,5 triu line AXE c lp t, tng s ton th gii l 105 triu. Ccmng di ng Ericsson, da trn nn AXE, phc v cho 34 triu thu bao

74 quc gia.- 1998: Sng dy AXE (ni ht v trung k) lp t hoc ang t

hng l trn 134 triu. Cc node mng AXE trin khai trong cc mng ding trn 125 nc.

- 2000: hn 200 triu thu bao di ng.

Ti Vit Nam, cc tng i AXE c lp t lm tng i qu giang ti VTI(quc t), VTN (lin tnh), ring Bu in TP. H Ch Minh c i Tandem TnBnh (C30). Ngoi ra, AXE cn c dng lm tng i ni ht, c lp t tic Lc, Gia Lai, Kontum, SPT... cng nh trn mng di ng Viettel, Mobifone,Vinaphone, Vietnam Mobile, Gtel (MSC, BSC, HLR, VLR)

2) Cc dng sn phm: cc sn phm ca Ericsson bao gm mt lot cc dngdnh cho ng dng trong mng cnh v di ng:


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Mai ThHng 2

Mng cnh: l cc tng i ni ht, trung chuyn ni ht, trung chuyn lin tnhhoc quc t. Mi h thng u c cc ng dng h tri km, trong tng itrung chuyn ni ht (TransLocal) mang c tnh ca c 2 h thng kia, thngc cc nh khai thc mi chn la v khng cn tch cc h thng ring khinhu cu v s thu bao cn thp.

Mng di ng: gm cc sn phm theo chun GSM (CMS 20/CMS 40), PDC(CMS 30); sn phm chun tng t (Analog) nh CMS 8800 (AMPS), CMS8810 (TACS); sn phm dnh cho 3G nh WCDMA

3) Xu hng pht trin

AXE pht trin theo hng mt h thng m nhiu hn, bao gm :

- Pht trin phn mm theo hng module ng dng.

- Tip tc chng trnh pht trin phn cng, x l cc vn gim kchthc (footprint) v nh hng in t EMC (ElectroMagnetic Compatibility) mc board mch, kch thc cabinet (t my) tt hn.

- Pht trin b x l, bao gm cc b x l vng (Regional Processor RP),micro RP v cc b x l trung tm (Central Processor CP).

- Bo dng v iu khin AXE thng qua h thng vo/ra (I/O) chun, trnnn UNIX, da trn chng trnh x l ph tr AP c lp trnh bng C++,Windows/NT v Java.

- Cung cp tt nn tng cho I/O, AP sc dng cho cc ng dng khc,nh tnh cc.

- Trng chuyn mch (Group Switch GS) pht trin thnh nn tng chuynmch a cu trc, c kh nng x l tt c cc loi nh dng thng tin t

bng hp cho n bng rng, cng nh pht trin tng dung lng ca GS.

II. ng dng


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Mai ThHng 3

Tng i AXE c thc ng dng lm :

- Tng i ni ht dng cho PSTN v mng s tch hp a dch v ISDN.

- Tng i quc t v transit cho PSTN v ISDN.

- im chuyn mch trong mng di ng mt t cng cng PLMN, nh l tngi di ng MSC v biu khin trm gc BSC (Base Station Controller).

- D liu trong PLMN, nh l thanh ghi a ch tm tr VLR (Visister LocationRegister) v thanh ghi a chthng tr HLR (Home Location Register).

- Tng i nhn cng.

- Cc im cung cp thng tin thng mi.

- im chuyn giao bo hiu STP cho cc h thng bo hiu.

- Cc im mng thng minh IN cho chuyn mch dch v v iu khin dch v cung cp cc dch v IN nh freephone (dch vin thoi tnh cc ph phangi b gi) v cc mng ring o (VPN)

III. Cu trc phn cp

Cu trc h thng AXE c thc xem nh bao gm nhiu cp khc nhau:

- Cp h thng 1 (System Level 1): l mc h thng cao nht, mc ny snhngha cc node v cu hnh mng.

- Cp h thng 2 (System Level 2): trong cu trc phn cp da vo chc nng,AXE c chia lm hai phn: phn iu khin (control part) APZ v phn chuyn

mch (telephony part) APT. Trong cu trc phn cp da trn module ng dng,AXE c chia lm 4 module h thng: cc module ng dng AM (ApplicationModule), nn module ti nguyn RMP (Resource Module Platform), h thng tinguyn hin hu XSS (Existing Source System), h thng iu khin APZ.

- Cp h thng con (Subsystem Level): mc h thng 2 c chia thnh nhiu hthng con h tr cc ng dng v h thng iu khin. Cc chc nng c linquan c nhm li thnh mt h thng con n, v d cc chc nng iukhin lu lng c thit lp trong h thng con iu khin lu lng TCS(Traffic Control Subsystem).

- Cp tp hp thnh phn (Set of Parts Level): bao gm cc chc nng ging

nhau ca mt h thng con c nhm li vi nhau.- Cp khi chc nng (Function Block Level): Cc chc nng trong mt h thng

con c tip tc chia nh thnh cc khi chc nng ring bit. Mi khi chc


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Mai ThHng 4

nng c nh ngha thnh mt thc th bao gm d liu v mt giao tip bohiu chun. Cc khi chc nng l cc khi c bn ca AXE v mi khi honton c nh ngha bi cc giao din phn mm v phn cng giao tip vicc khi chc nng khc.

- Cp n v chc nng (Function Unit Level): Mi khi chc nng c cu tobi nhiu n v chc nng v c th gm c :

1 n v phn cng.

1 n v phn mm vng, thc hin cc hot ng nh qut cc thit bphn cng v x l giao thc.

1 n v phn mm trung tm hoc phn mm h tr, c nhim v thc hincc chc nng phn tch phc tp, nh thit lp cuc gi trong h thng.

Cc h thng AXE i c (AXE 105 v trc) c cu trc phn cp theo chc nng(Non-AM based AXE). Trong cu trc ny, h thng AXE c chia thnh hai phn:APT (x l cc chc nng chuyn mch trong AXE) v APZ (mt h thng my tnhchy cc chng trnh phn mm iu khin hot ng ca phn chuyn mch).

Cc h thng AXE i mi (t AXE 106 tri) c cu trc phn cp da vo AM(AM based AXE). Trong cu trc ny, h thng AXE c chia thnh cc moduleh thng. Thng tin gia cc module h thng ny c thc hin qua giao dindch v nn ng dng APSI (Application Platform Service Interface).

- AM: l tp hp cc nguyn l c nh ngha xy dng v thc hin ccphn mm ng dng. Kt qu l mt tp cc module phn mm ng dng c

lp c pht trin, bin dch, kim tra v ci t m khng nh hng n ccmodule phn mm khc. Cc AM c thc cu hnh li hoc nng cp mkhng nh hng n cc ng dng lin quan khc. N thc hin cc chcnng ng dng c bit cho cc ng dng vin thng khc nhau. AM lm ngin vic x l kt hp cc ng dng khc nhau ph hp vi yu cu catng node AXE.

- XSS: thc hin cho cc ng dng PSTN, gm cc h thng con c bn nhTCS, TSS, OMS v h thng con ty chn nh NMS, RMS, CHS, SUS, SCS,SSS, ESS

- RMP: h tr kt kt hp cc module ng dng AM trong h thng, thc hin hu

ht cc chc nng cho tt c cc ng dng. Tt c cc phn cng c yu cubi AM u cung cp bi RMP, cc phn cng ny c th nm trong RMP hocXSS. RMP cung cp dch v kt ni n GS, kt hp cc ti nguyn dng chung,


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Mai ThHng 5

h tr cc dch v dng chung gia XSS v AM. Tm li RMP, gm nhiu RM,h tr kin trc ng dng module. N c vai tr rt cn thit trong kin trc hthng m ca AXE. RMP gm cc phn cng nh PDSPL (cho KRD, CCD,CSFSK, ), ET, ATM Link v cc h thng con nh CCS, GSS

- APZ: h tr ton b h thng, chu trch nhim cho hiu hnh, chc nng xl iu khin v chc nng vo/ra (Input/Output).

- APSI: l mt giao din h thng, cung cp cc dch v client-server cho cc ngdng (cc client). Cc dch v APSI c cung cp trong RMP hoc XSS. Ccdch v ny yu cu phi hp cc ti nguyn chung c th s dng c bicc AM khc nhau, v d mt ti nguyn chung l GS. APSI c cc dch v: chcnng kt ni, CCS, h tr thng tin ni b (gia cc AM thng qua RMP), phihp cc ti nguyn.

IV. c tnh phn cng v phn mm

- Cng ngh thit k tin tin, thit lp theo cu trc khi v module (th hin quacc tnh cht: a chc nng, module ng dng, module chc nng, module phn

mm, module phn cng, module cng ngh), d dng cho vic lp t, m rngcng nh khai bo m khng nh hng n cc khi chc nng khc.

- Phn mm h thng c tnh linh hot cao, t hn ch v kh nng khai bo dunglng, cho php ti vo h thng cc phn mm mi trong khi ang hot ngm khng gin on dch v.

- Phn mm iu khin h thng phi c giao din thn thin vi ngi dng, khnng h tr cu lnh mnh, hot ng da trn nn hiu hnh WINDOWShoc UNIX , h tr hot ng trn giao tip mng.

V. c tnh k thut

- Chc nng bo hiu: h tr tt c cc loi bo hiu ph bin trn mng vinthng, bao gm: R2MFC, SS7, V5.1&V5.2, DSS1 theo cc chun bo hiu caITU_T, ETSI.

- Giao tip truyn dn: E1 (2,048 Mb/s) v STM1 (ET155 Mb/s).

- Chc nng nh tuyn: h tr 2 kiu nh tuyn l nh tuyn bo hiu v nhtuyn lu lng.

- H tr tt c cc tnh nng thng dng, bao gm chuyn tip bn tin bo hiuSTP (Signalling Tranfer Point), lu lng phn cp u tin, chuyn tip lulng...

VI. Dch v PSTN v ISDN- Hin th s (Call Line Identification): cho php thu bao ng k dch v thy s

thu bao gi n trn mn hnh hin th CallerID.

- Quay s tt (Abbreviated Dialling): cho php ngi gi rt ngn chiu di s bgi. Thu bao ng k s dng dch v ny chcn n cc si din khi mungi ti 1 thu bao c gn s tt.

- Thng bo vng nh (Absent Subscriber Service): thng bo cho tt c cc thubao khc khi gi vo s my ng k dch v v s vng mt ca ch thu bao.

- T chi cuc gi nc danh (Anonymous Call Rejection Service): cho php thubao ng k s dng dch v khng nhn cc cuc gi mang tnh cht nc danh(chng hin th s).


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Mai ThHng 6

- Bo thc (Automatic Alarm Call): cung cp chc nng bo thc cho thu bao sdng dch v. Khi ng gi bo thc do khch hng ci t, tng i s gi tnhiu chung ti thu bao v pht cu thng bo khi thu bao nhc my.

- Ngn hng cuc gi (Call Barring): ngn gi vo/gi ra, m/kha chc nng githeo cc hng khc nhau (quc t, lin tnh, di ng, 108x) theo 2 hnh thc:ngn cnh hoc m s ring.

- Chuyn cuc gi (Call Forwarding): cho php chuyn cuc gi vo my ng kdch vn my khc, gm: chuyn tc thi (fixed), khi ang bn my (busy),hoc khi khng tr li (no reply).

- Ngn cuc gi chuyn n (Call Diversion Protection): ngn cc cuc gi cchuyn n t thu bao khc.

- Hon thnh cuc gi (Completion of Call): cho php thu bao ch gi (ng ks dng dch v) thc hin cuc gi li trong trng hp: thu bao b gi khngtr li (No reply) hoc ang bn my (Busy).

-

Cuc gi ch (Call Waiting): thng bo cho thu bao s dng dch v (khi angm thoi) bit c thu bao khc ang gi n v cho php chuyn qua li gia2 cuc gi .

- Hotline Warmline: cho php thu bao kt ni ngay lp tc hoc sau 1 khongthi gian nhc my m khng quay s ti 1 thu bao khc c n nh trc.

- m thoi tay ba (Three Party Call): cho php thu bao s dng dch v thit lpm thoi gia 3 thu bao vi nhau.

- Nhm lin t (Hunting Group): tp hp cc s thu bao ring l thnh 1 nhmthu bao vi 1 si din duy nht, cuc gi vo c th chung tun t hayngu nhin gia cc thu bao con.

- Xung o cc (Polarity): cung cp xung o cc kch hot cc b tnh ccti cc my in thoi cng cng.

- Thng bo i s (Changed Number Announcement): cho php cuc gi nthu bao ng k dch v nghe cu thng bo v vic thu bao chuyn sangs mi.

- Chng quy ri (Dont Disturb Service): cuc gi n thu bao s dng dch vs nghe cu thng bo t chi tip nhn cuc gi.

-


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Mai ThHng 7


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Mai ThHng 8

Chng 2:Chuyn mch (Switching)

I. Gii thiu

1) Mng truy nhp

Chc nng: kt ni ngi dng, y l cc thu bao in thoi, n cc khitp trung c th kt ni trao i thng tin gia cc thu bao.

Chc nng chnh ca chuyn mch l lin kt nhng khe thi gian i n tmng truy nhp thu bao v mng trung k.

a) B ghp thu bao (remote subscriber multiplexer): c th nm gn hoc xa

tng i, mc ch s ha cc tn hiu tng t (analog) v ko di khongcch gia tng i vi ngi dng.

B ghp thu bao kt ni 30 thu bao Analog v thc hin iu ch PCM cctn hiu thoi t thu bao. Cc mu thoi c s ha sa vo 1 ngPCM tc 2048kb/s mang 32 khe thi gian tc 64kb/s. TS0 dng ngb, TS16 bo hiu v 30 TS thoi.

Mi thu bao c chnh 1 TS chuyn v tng i.

b) B tp trung thu bao (RSS: Remote Subscriber Switch): tp trung 1 s lngln thu bao, 1 s chc nng chuyn mch cng c chuyn ra b tp trungthu bao.

RSS tp trung cc khe thi gian mang tnh hiu thoi v khng c TS cchnh sn cho thu bao kt ni.

2) Mng trung k: l thit b trung gian lm chc nng tch/ghp (add drop) ccknh tc khc nhau ln n 622M SDH v kt ni cho (digital cross connect)cho cc knh tc t 2M n 155M, 622M, 2.5G hoc 10G.

II. Tng quan chuyn mch

Chuyn mch ngha l 1 chui thng tin dng s (digital) i vo c chuyn n 1kt ni i ra c nh trc.


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Mai ThHng 9

Tng i AXE 810 (th h AXE mi nht) s dng trng chuyn mch T-S(GS890 v CL890) trong khi nhng th h AXE trc s dng T-S-T (trong AXE10 gi l GS128 tng ng dung lng ti a 128K v CL128).

1) K thut chuyn mch

a) Chuyn mch knh (Circuit Switch): 1 knh vt l c s dng kt ni 2thu bao trong sut thi gian cuc gi din ra. ng truyn khng c d liuvn c duy tr m khng th dng cho cuc gi khc.

b) Chuyn mch gi (Packet Switch): l 1 dng ghp knh phn chia thi giantheo nhu cu. ng truyn chc dng khi d liu c a vo gi vsn sng truyn i. Cn nhng thi im khc th ng truyn c dng truyn ti nhng gi cho nhng ngun v ch khc.

2) K thut chuyn mch knh:

Tn hiu thoi thng qua iu ch PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) chuyn i tnhiu Analog thnh Digital. Tn hiu thoi c ly mu 125s/ln ~ 8000 mu/sv c m ha thnh 8 bit/mu, do mi knh thoi c tc 64kb/s.

Khung PCM 2048kb/s (E1 2M) phn chia theo thi gian cha cc mu thoi, bao

gm 32 khe thi gian (Time Slot TS), mi TS c tc 64kb/s cha 1 muthoi (cho 1 cuc gi).

Cc cuc gi c cnh (A E, B F, C G, D H) do mi TS cha mu

thoi gn lin vi thu bao theo th t, do nu mun thc hin cuc gi nthu bao khc th bt buc phi thc hin vic chuyn i th t knh, ngha lphi thc hin chuyn mch.


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Mai ThHng 10

a) Chuyn mch thi gian (Time Switch)

Mc ch: thay i th t cc TS trn cng PCM bng cch s dng b nhiu khin (b nh d liu cha cc thng tin iu khin) thay i cc ktni trong b nh thoi (cha cc mu thoi).

C 2 phng php s dng trong chuyn mch thi gian: vo tun t ra ciu khin hoc vo c iu khin ra tun t.

b) Chuyn mch khng gian (Space Switch)

Mc ch: s dng ma trn im chuyn i cc TS t PCM ny sangPCM khc m khng lm thay i th t cc TS trn PCM.

C 2 phng php s dng trong chuyn mch khng gian: iu khin theohng ngang (u vo) hoc iu khin theo hng dc (u ra).

3) Chc nng chuyn mch trong AXE

- GSS (Group Switching Subsystem): chn la, kt ni ngt kt ni thngtrong GS.

- ESS (Extended Switching Subsystem): dng cho cu thng bo hoc bn tinthu m v nhng kt ni ng thi cho 2 thu bao tr ln.

- SSS (Subscriber Switching Subsystem): dng trong mng truy nhp ktni thu bao n tng i ni ht.

III. GS trong AXE 10


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Mai ThHng 11

GSS bao gm cc khi chc nng thc hin chc nng ca GSS:

- Chuyn mch.

- Qun l.

- Tng thch kt ni vi cc kiu phn cng khc nhau vo GS.

- Chuyn mch tc ph nu GS dng trong mng di ng.- Chc nng kim tra ng thng

1) Chc nng chuyn mch li:

GSBASE bao gm phn cng v phn mm vi 2 khi chc nng: module

chuyn mch thi gian (TSM: Time Switch Module) v Bnh thi pht xungng h (CLT: Clock Pulse Generation and Timing).

a) Chuyn mch li:

Chc nng TSM c thc hin trong phn cng, phn mm trung tm vphn mm vng:

- iu khin hng i lu lng v TS trong chuyn mch.

- Gim st SNT, TSM, SPM, DIP (Digital Path).

- Chc nng qun tr v kim tra phn cng TSM v SPM.

Phn cng bao gm: Chuyn mch thi gian (TSM), Chuyn mch khnggian (SPM: Space Switch Module), B ghp trung k s (DLMUX: Digital LinkMultuplexer).

DLMUX c s dng trong BYB501 ghp vi kt ni 2Mb/s vo GS, cntrong BYB202 th cc ng 2Mb/s kt ni trc tip n GS v cn nhiuTSM hn.

b) Tn sng h bn trong:


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Mai ThHng 12

Chc nng CLT:

- Pht xung ng h.

- Phn phi xung ng hn cc b phn trong GS.

- Xc nh tn s v pha ca mi module ng h cng nh i vi ccngun tham chiu ng b bn ngoi.

Phn cng ca CLT l 3 CLM (Clock Module). CLM pht 1 tn hiu 8kHz v 2tn hiu 4,096MHz n tt c cc TSM v SPM trong mng GS.

2) Chc nng tng thch:

SNT (Switching Network Terminal) c chc nng gim st cc DIP kt ni nGS. Cc link ny kt ni cc SNT nh ETC (Exchange Terminal Circuit) v PCD(Pulse Code Modulation Device) n GS.

SNT to ra cc giao din vn hnh v khai thc chun cho nh vn hnh i vitt c cc thit b kt ni n GS. SNT kt ni n GS bng 1 hay nhiu ng2048 kb/s hay 1544kb/s.

SNT chc phn mm trung tm gm 3 khi chc nng:

- SNT PCD administration (SNTPCD): kt ni ngt kt ni PCD.

- SNT PCD maintenance (SNTPCDM): kha m PCD nhn cng.

- SNT administration and maintenance (SNTET): kt ni ngt kt ni v kham nhn cng ETC.

3) Chc nng chuyn mch tc ph (SRS: Subrate Switching): cho php chcnng chuyn mch cc mc tc ph di 64 kb/s (n x 8kb/s vi n=1-7),c dng ch yu trong mng GSM.

4) Phn cng ca GS: trong AXE 10 s dng trng chuyn mch T S T, ckh nng m rng ti a ln 128K (nn cn gi l GS128), ngha l c thuni m rng ti a 4096 E1.


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Mai ThHng 13

GS bao gm 1 cp 2 mt: A v B cng thc hin chuyn mch 1 mu thoi cngTS. B x l s quyt nh xem mt no c dng cho kt ni ra.

Mu thoi (8 bit) khi a song song vo chuyn mch, 2 bit phc thm vo:1 bit kim tra s tng ng (parity check), 1 bit chn mt A hoc B cho kt ni

u ra.a) Chuyn mch thi gian TSM: x l vic truyn v nhn cc mu thoi, trong

AXE chng c 2 b nh thoi cho 2 ng thoi:

- SSA (Speech Store Incoming): b nh tm cho cc mu thoi i vo.

- SSB (Speech Store Outgoing): b nh tm cho cc mu thoi i ra.

Mi knh (khe thi gian) trong khung PCM c v tr lu mu thoi (MUP) cnh ring ca n, c cng v tr trong c SSA v SSB.

Cc mu thoi (8 bit) c ghi cnh vo SSA t nhng ng PCM vo.SSAB (Control Store AB) iu khin c mu thoi ra t SSA v ghi mu thoi

vo SSB, n cha a chcc mu thoi c t SSA v ghi vo SSB.


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Mai ThHng 14

Gia SSA v SSB khng c ng kt ni trong TSM. 1 mu thoi i vo lunlun c gi thng qua chuyn mch khng gian trc khi lu trong SSB.

TSM cng cha CSC (Control Store C) dng iu khin hot ng cccng in t trong SPM chuyn thoi v d liu thng qua GS.

Mi TSM c 512 u vo v ra lu cc mu thoi trong SSA v SSB gi l

512 MUP (Multiple Position) c nh s 0-511. SSAB v CSC cng c 512TS ni b.

b) Chuyn mch khng gian SPM: cho php thit lp kt ni trong GS gia ccthu bao khc TSM v trong cng TSM.

GS 64K c 128 TSM, ng ngha vi 128 hng ngang H (kt ni SSA) v 128hng dc V (kt ni SSB) trong ma trn chuyn mch khng gian. Ni cchkhc, SPM cho php mu thoi truyn t SSA ca TSM ny kt ni n SSBtrong TSM khc hoc chnh SSB ca TSM .

Mi im ni cho (cross point) hay cn gi l cng in t (electronic gate)c th cho php (enable) hoc khng cho php (disable) bi CSC.

Mi SPM c th kt ni 32 TSM (tng ng 16K).

c) DLMUX: hot ng nh 1 b tch ghp gia SNT v TSM. Giao din DL3hng n TSM trong chuyn mch li vi tc 49.154 kb/s (48Mb/s) mang512 TS trong khung.

SNT vi giao din DL2 kt ni n chuyn mch li thng qua DLMUX trnbackplane, DLMUX ghp/gii ghp gia 1 ng DL3 v 16 ng DL2.

5) Kt ni n GS: bn cnh cc kt ni bng hp (narrowband) 8 hay 64 kb/s, GScng c kh nng x l nhng kt ni bng rng (wideband) theo yu cu.

Kt ni bng rng theo yu cu l kt ni chuyn mch knh s dng 1 s knh64 kb/s trong h thng PCM 32 knh. N c gi l dch v chuyn mch n*64kb/s hoc kt ni nhiu khe (multi-slot) c tc ln n 1984 kb/s.

Phn thit b kt ni cc khe thi gian (TS) n GS c bit di 1 ci tnchung l kt cui mng chuyn mch (SNT: Switching Network Terminal).


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Mai ThHng 15

6) Cu hnh GS:

GS c th c nhiu cu hnh khc nhau, mi SPM kt ni 32 TSM, mi TSM cth kt ni 16 PCM mang 512 TS.

Mi PCM kt ni vo TSM trong 1 im kt ni SNT gi l SNTP (SNT Point).SNT l khi nim chung cho tt c cc loi thit b kt ni vo GS. SNT l khinim phn mm v xem nh 1 kt ni phn mm vo phn cng vt l GS.

GS 16K c dung lng 16384 MUP. MUP l vng d liu dng lu tr muthoi. Mi thu bao trong mi cuc gi cn 1 MUP ring bit.

Cu hnh v cc board c s dng ca 1 subrack 16K trong cu hnh GS 64K(mt trc v mt sau):


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Mai ThHng 16

(TS4B: Time Switch 4 Board, SPDB: Space Switch Diagonal Board, SPIB: SpaceSwitch with Interconnect Board)

S khi ca GS 64K, c kh nng u ni 2048 E1.

7) ng thng thoi trong GS:

CSC trong TSM iu khin im kt ni gia hng ngang H (Horizontal) v hngdc V (Vertical). Lu rng: CSC ca TSM nhn tn hiu siu khin vic kt

ni trong SPM.Thng tin cha trong MUP=23 ca CSC-1 bng 0 chnh l s th t ca TSMgi mu thoi (TSM-0).


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Mai ThHng 17

V tr MUP=23 ca CSC-1 trong TSM nhn mu thoi (TSM-1) tng t v trMUP=23 trong CSAB ca TSM gi mu thoi (TSM-0), chnh l s th t cakhe thi gian khi ra khi SSA trong TSM-0 (23).

CSAB (TSM-1) c MUP=279 (23) v thng tin trong MUP l 355 (3) (ngha lTS=355 trong ng DL3).

Lu : phng php vo tun t ra c iu khin c s dng trong SSAv phng php vo c iu khin ra tun t c s dng trong SSB. Do thng tin trong CSAB s khng thay i trong sut qu trnh iu khin ngthi SSA v SSB ca 1 cuc gi.

IV. ng b

Tt c cc chuyn mch su cn mu ng h xc nh tn hiu hay xung.Tc ng h xc nh tc cc mu thoi c c hay vit trong cc lu tr.

Tn sng hc iu khin thng qua vi tn hiu c pht bi: thit b hinhu, trung k t tng i khc, thit b ngoi

1) Mng ng b:

ng b cho 1 mng s l rt cn thit bo m qu trnh truyn ti thng tingia cc node mng khng c li.Trt (slip) l vic mt thng tin dn n vic khc nhau ca cc tn s gia 2node lin k nhau trn mng. 1 slip ngha l mt ton b khung PCM (32TS).

Chc nng ng b ca 1 node mng c th dng nhng phng php:


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Mai ThHng 18

a) Cn ng b (plesiochoronous synchronisation): node pht ra cc tn hiuca chng c lp vi tt c cc ng h khc.

b) ng b ch t (master slave): node master pht ra tn sng h ctnh n nh lu di v tin cy.

Slave thu cc tn hiu ng h. Thun li ca phng php ny l tt c

cc slave u c cng tc nh master.

c) ng b tng h 1 hng (single-ended): ngha l c nhng node iukhin nhng node khc. Mi node thu tc ng h l trung bnh gi trca 1 vi ngun ng h tham chiu (ti a 10). Single-ended ngha l tnsng h bn trong c iu khin bi node v chc dng trongnode.

ITU-T c t vi kt ni mng quc t th hot ng cn ng b vi t ltrt (slip) l 1 ln trong 70 ngy vi iu kin hot ng bnh thng,ngha l 1 node mng quc t phi c ng h tham chiu rt tin cy, vi chnh xc +/-10-11.

2) Khi chc nng trong NETSYNC:

Thnh phn ng b mng NETSYNC (Network Synchronization) c thchin trong c phn cng v phn mm, bao gm NS (Network Synchronization)

v NSC (NS Commands).


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Mai ThHng 19

Cc phn cng chnh ca NS gm:

a) Module ng h tham chiu RCM (Reference Clock Module): l 1 b dao ngvi chnh xc v n nh cao, ch yu dng trong cc tng i trungchuyn (transit) v cung cp tn hiu 8kHz.

b) Module ng h thch anh CCM (Cesium Clock Module): h tr cc tng iquc t vi tn sng h cn thit cho cc kt ni quc t, cung cp tn hiu

xung cc k chnh xc. CCM khng nm trong subrack CLM128M.c) Module chuyn i tn s vo ICM (Incoming Frequency Conversion Module):

dng cho cc ng b t thit b ngoi, t cc tng i khc.

V. H thng chuyn mch m rng (ESS)

1) Chc nng chnh:

- Qung b (BC: Broadcast): s dng cho chc nng cu thng bo i chng(MA: Mass Announcement) cho php nhiu ngi dng c th nghe cng 1thng bo trong cng thi im.

- a nhim (MJ: Multi-Junctor): cho cc kt ni ng thi ca nhiu thu baotrong 1 cuc gi.

- H thng thng bo (ANS: Announcement System): h tr dch v thoitng tc nh cc bn tin thu m n thu bao.

2) Cc thnh phn:

a) BC: chc phn mm, gm 1 s khi chc nng cho qun tr lu lng, x llnh cho chc nng qung b.

b) MJ: bao gm phn cng v phn mm, gm cc khi chc nng cho vic xl phn cng trong chc nng MJ.

MJ dng gim st, theo di lu lng, h tr cuc gi hi ngh, qung b,cuc gi ch, m thoi tay ba Tm li n kt ni nhiu thnh phn tham

gia trong 1 cuc gi.Phn cng ca n l CCD (Conference Call Device), 1 giao din c th x lln n 31 cuc gi nhiu thnh phn.


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Mai ThHng 20

c) ANS: gm phn cng v phn mm vi nhng khi chc nng x l phncng cho chc nng thng bo.

ANS dng gi cc bn tin thng bo v tnh hnh mng li hay i sthu bao. Ngoi ra ANS cng c th cho php thu bao thu m tin nhn cah trn ng dy.

Phn cng ANS l AST (Announcement Service Terminal), c th h trn32 thng bo ng thi.


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Mai ThHng 21

Chng 3:Bo hiu

I. Gii thiu

Mc ch chnh ca bo hiu trong h thng mng vin thng l chuyn cc thngtin iu khin n cc ng dng khc nhm ng k cc trnh t lin quan.

Bo hiu trong mng truy nhp khc hon ton so vi trong mng trung k.

II. Bo hiu truy nhp

C cc kiu bo hiu sau:

1) Bo hiu ng dy thu bao (bo hiu tng t analog signalling): dng chothu bao PSTN.


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Mai ThHng 22

2) Bo hiu thu bao s (Digital Subscriber Signalling System No.1 DSS1): dngcho thu bao ISDN.

DSS1 l h thng bo hiu truy nhp chun dng trong ISDN v PLMN. N cngc gi l h thng bo hiu knh D (D-channel). Giao thc bo hiu da trnm hnh OSI t lp 1 n 3.

Cc tn hiu c gi nh cc gi d liu:

- Setup cha thng tin yu cu thit lp cuc gi.

- Call proceeding xc nhn thit lp cuc gi c yu cu.

- Alert xc nhn u cui bn B nhn bit c 1 cuc gi s ti.

- Connect xc nhn u cui bn B chp nhn cuc gi.

III. Bo hiu lin i

1) Bo hiu knh kt hp (CAS: Channel Associated Signalling): l s kt hp chtch vi knh lu lng. Bo hiu v lu lng c truyn trn cng 1 ngtrn mng.


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Mai ThHng 23

a) Bo hiu ng dy: cho cc thng tin nh: ng dy ri, chim dngng dy, thu bao B tr li, xung tnh cc, xa ng dy,

b) Bo hiu thanh ghi: mang cc thng tin nh: s thu bao B, trng thi B, sthu bao A,

c) Truyn tn hiu: bo hiu ng dy v bo hiu thanh ghi c truyn trong

cc khung PCM 30/32.i vi h thng PCM 24 th tn hiu ng dy c truyn trn 1 bit trongmi 6 khung, tn hiu thanh ghi ging nh PCM 30/32.

Tn hiu thanh ghi chs dng trong sut qu trnh thit lp cuc gi, tn hiung dy gi/nhn trc, trong v sau cuc gi. Bo hiu c x l bicc phn cng chuyn bit.

Bo hiu thanh ghi tiu chun ang s dng l R2MFC (Multi FrequencyCompelled), trong khi R2 digital l chun chung cho bo hiu ng dy.

2) Bo hiu knh chung (CCS: Common Channel Signalling): l phng php bohiu chs dng 1 knh chuyn thng tin bo hiu.

Thng tin c gi trn 1 TS c chnh trn 1 lin kt trong mng, gi lsignalling link. 1 node mng hay tng i gi thng tin bo hiu i c gi l 1im bo hiu (SP: signalling point).

H thng bo hiu CCS c s dng rng ri nht hin nay l H thng bohiu s 7 (SS7: Signalling System No.7). Cc ng dng ca n c dng trongtrong rt nhiu mng nh Thoi, di ng, ISDN, mng thng minh IN

c im ca SS7: tc cao, dung lng ln, tin cy cao, linh ng, gimgi thnh thit b, a dch v,


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Mai ThHng 24

IV. Bo hiu R2

1) Bo hiu ng dy:

Trong h thng PCM 32 th bo hiu ng dy c truyn trn 8 bit caTS16, trong 4 bit c dng cho mi cuc gi (mi knh thoi), do bohiu cho 30 knh thoi th bo hiu c truyn trong 1 a khung gm 16 khung

PCM 30/32. TS16 trong khung u tin c dng cho ng b v cnh bo mtng ba khung.

Khi 1 a khung c gi i th a khung khc c m v gi tip tc.

Bo hiu ng dy trong h thng PCM s dng 2 bit bo hiu cho mi hng:

(f: forward, b: backward)

Trong af, ab phn nh trng thi my, bf dng khi ng dy c khanhm ngn chn b chim dng t hng bn kia, bb tng ng trng thing dy vo (0= idle, 1=busy).

2) Bo hiu thanh ghi: c truyn trn cng khe thi gian (TS) c dnh chocuc gi trn khung PCM.

Bo hiu thanh ghi c thc hin bi cc cp tn sc quy nh sn, trong mi hng c 6 tn s kt hp tun t vi nhau thnh 15 tn hiu cho mihng i/v theo bng sau:


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Mai ThHng 25

Nhng 15 tn hiu trn mi hng khng truyn ti tt c thng tin bohiu mong mun, do 15 tn hiu ny c phn vo 2 nhm to thnh 30tn hiu:

- Nhm I: hng i (forward): s thu bao ca A, B v vi m khc lin quann ch ca cuc gi.

- Nhm II: hng i (forward): loi thu bao A.

- Nhm A: hng v (backward): thng tin iu khin lin quan n gi s.

- Nhm B: hng v (backward): trng thi ca thu bao B

Tn hiu u tin c gi i lun lun l nhm I v c tr li bi tn hiunhm A. Khi tng i nhn y cc thng tin cn thit trong nhm I th n sgi tn hiu A3, sau tt c cc tn hiu c gi s chuyn qua nhm II v B.

Lu : A l thu bao xut pht cuc gi, nn khi B gc my th A vn tip tcgim st trong 60-90 giy, nu B khng nht my th A mi gii phng cuc gi.


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Mai ThHng 26

V. Bo hiu s 7

1) Cu trc:

H thng bo hiu CCS c chia lm 2 phn:

- User Part (UP): pht v phn tch cc bn tin bo hiu.

Ty ng dng m c nhiu UP khc nhau, v d cho mng PSTN th c TUP

(Telephone UP), ISDN th c ISUP (ISDN UP).- Message Transfer Part (MTP): truyn v iu khin cc bn tin bo hiu gia

cc SP, n c th x l cc UP khc nhau trong cng thi im. MTP bo mvic truyn chnh xc cc bn tin bo hiu, pht hin li v c th truyn li nuc yu cu.

2) Phn cp bo hiu:

MTP thc hin 3 cp (level) thp nht trong SS7:

Level 1: l chc nng vt l bao gm knh vt l truyn bn tin bo hiu gia2 tng i trn mng. N l ng truyn dn song hng bao gm 2 knh hotng ng thi ngc chiu nhau v cng tc .

Level 2: chc nng lin kt bo hiu, bao gm pht hin v sa li bo mtnh tin cy ca bn tin bo hiu trn ng truyn. Cng vi level 1, n bom bn tin c truyn i c 1 cch chn chn gia 2 SP kt ni trc tip.

Level 3: thc hin trong phn mm trung tm, bao gm: chc nng x l bn tinbo hiu (bo m chc chn bn tin n ng a ch) v chc nng qun lmng bo hiu (x l nghn hoc li trn mng bo hiu).

3) C bn v SS7:


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Mai ThHng 27

a) M im bo hiu: trong mng SS7 mi tng i c xem nh 1 im bohiu (SP: Signalling Point), v mi SP chc duy nht 1 m im bo hiu.

SP = NI (Network Indicator) + SPC (Signalling Point Code).

NI = 0: dng cho quc t, 2: dng cho trong nc.OWNSP (Own SP), OPC/DPC (Originating/Destination Point Code).

b) Signalling Link (SL): thng tin bo hiu c gi trn 1 TS ca 1 link c chnh trn mng gi l SL.

Link Set (LS): bao gm 1 s SL kt ni gia 2 SP.

c) Signalling Transfer Point (STP): im chuyn tip bo hiu.

Ni dung 1 bn tin chc c ti DPC. Ti cc STP ch kim tra DPC vtip tc gi bn tin n ch.

4) Cu trc bn tin: 1 bn tin c nhiu trng (field), cc field khc nhau c thm

vo bi cc level khc nhau (level 1 khng thm) trong SS7.C 3 loi bn tin:


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Mai ThHng 28

F (Flag): bt u v kt thc bn tin.

CK (Check bit): pht hin li bit.

SIF (Signalling Information Field): phn ni dung ca UP.

SF (Status Field): chnh trng thi ca SL.

LI (Lengh Indicator): chiu di bn tin gia LI v CK: LI=0 FISU, LI=1 hoc 2 LSSU, LI>2 MSU.

SIO (Service Information Octet): chnh UP no ang dng trong bn tin (TUP,ISUP, DUP).

Error Correction: trng hp c li truyn dn th phn ny ca bn tin s yucu gi li bn tin b li, nu khng li s bo thnh cng.

- FISU (Fill In Signal Unit): nu lu lng thp hoc cao trn 1 hng th bntin ny sc dng lm y.

- LSSU (Link Status Signal Unit): mang cc thng tin lin quan n SL, lin

quan chc nng qun tr MTP.- MSU (Message Signal Unit): cha cc thng tin t UP.

5) Bn tin MSU trong TUP (Telephony User Part):

CIC (Circuit Indentification Code): 12 bit, m nhn dng knh cho cuc gi.

SLS (Signalling Link Selection): 4 bit chn la SL.

User Info: trng ny c th c hoc khng, ty thuc loi bn tin bo hiu. Nc th dng gi s thu bao B hoc loi ca thu bao A.

H0/H1 (Heading Code): m nhn dng bn tin gm 4 bit/m.


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Mai ThHng 29

6) iu khin kt ni bo hiu (SCCP: Signalling Connection Control Part)


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Mai ThHng 30

MTP nh 1 h thng truyn ti khng kt ni cung cp vic truyn cc bn tinbo hiu ng tin cy trn mng bo hiu. Trong mng in thoi th bo hiuthit lp cuc gi lin quan n khe thi gian (TS) c chnh cho thoi hayd liu. MTP c thit k cho vic bo hiu lin quan n knh.

MTP c cung cp thm 1 chc nng bi SCCP. SCCP cung cp cc dch vkhng kt ni v hng kt ni.

Trong 1 vi trng hp th bn tin bo hiu khng lin quan n khe thi giancho thoi hay d liu, v d nh dch v di ng, c s d liu hay h tr.

7) Dch v mng (NSP: Network Service Part): kt hp gia MTP v SCCP.

Chc nng chnh ca SCCP l tng tc vi cc c s d liu mng, nhThanh ghi nh v thng tr (HLR: Home Location Register) trong mng di ng.N cng dng tng tc gia SSP (Service Switching Point) v SCP (ServiceControl Point) x l dch v mng thng minh (IN).

Vic pht trin ca MTP v SCCP c to nn do nhu cu v 1 giao thc tiuchun chung c dng trong cc ng dng nh IN hay di ng.

8) ng dng kh nng giao dch (TCAP: Transaction Capabilities Application Part):

H thng SS7 cha cc giao thc cho kh nng giao dch, c cu trc nh hpthoi. Giao thc TCAP lin quan n lp 7 trong m hnh OSI v chdng chobo hiu khng lin quan n mch (circuit).

TCAP cng nh SCCP v MTP, l nhng ng dng c lp. N cung cp dchvn cc phn ng dng ph thuc khc nhau. V d nh INAP (IntelligentNetwork Applicaton Part) cung cp vic truy xut n SCP. 1 v d khc ca vicng dng dng TCAP l MAP (Mobile Application Part) v BSSAP (Base StationSystem Application Part) c dng trong vi mng di ng.

9) V d v bn tin bo hiu cuc gi C7:


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Mai ThHng 31


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Mai ThHng 32

VI. Bo hiu trong AXE

Chc nng bo hiu c thc hin bi 3 chc nng con chnh:

H thng con trung k v bo hiu (TSS: Trunk and Signalling Subsystem): thchin chc nng bo hiu kt hp v UP cho bo hiu knh chung.

H thng con bo hiu knh chung (CCS: Common Channel SignallingSubsystem): thc hin chc nng MTP trong bo hiu knh chung.

H thng con chuyn mch thu bao (SSS: Subscriber Switching Subsystem): thchin chc nng bo hiu ng dy.

1) TSS (Trunk and Signalling Subsystem): gi v nhn thoi hay d liu trn kt nica mng trung k. N cng cha chc nng tng thch cho nhiu h thngbo hiu khc nhau trong tng i AXE, cng nh c chc nng gim st vkim tra trung k.

Trong bo hiu knh kt hp CAS, TSS x l tt c cc bo hiu gia cc tngi. Trong bo hiu knh chung CCS, TSS kt hp vi CCS truyn ti cc bntin bo hiu. MTP x l bi CCS, UP x l bi TSS.

a) Khi chc nng trong TSS: bao gm phn mm v phn cng.


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Mai ThHng 33

Khi chc nng quan trng ca bo hiu R2MFC:

- BT (Bothway Trunk): chc nng x l cc trung k vo ra, l phn mm x lv tng tc lu lng vi h thng con TCS (Traffic Control Subsystem) vkhi chc nng ET. Bo hiu ng dy cng x l bi khi BT.

- BTM (Bothway Trunk Maintenance): vn hnh bo dng trung k.- ET (Exchange Terminal) l phn mm x l phn cng ETC (ET Circuit),

gm cc chc nng: kt cui DIP 2,048Mb/s; truyn cc TS 64kb/s i nGS; truyn cc bo hiu i n RP; gim st DIP

- CSR (Code Sender Receiver) bao gm phn cng v phn mm x l atn (MF: Multi Frequency). CSR cha cc mch gi nhn cc tn hiuMFC (Multi Frequency Compelled) v MFP (Multi Frequency Pulsed). Khi 1device c chim dng th n tng ng nh CS (Code Sender) hay CR(Code Receiver).

- DIPST (Digital Path Supervision and Test): l phn mm qun tr v bodng DIP, gm c kt ni/ngt kt ni, kha/m kha, gim st li v incnh bo.

Khi chc nng quan trng cho bo hiu knh chung:

- C7LABT (Label Translation for UP): bin dch gia m nhn dng mch(CIC: Circuit Identification Code) v nh s ni b trong khi C7BTC.

- C7BTC (C7 Bothway Trunk Coordinator): x l cc knh PCM, chu trchnhim chn knh trong sut qu trnh x l cuc gi.

- C7TSAT (C7 Telephony Signal Acronym Translation): dch m nhn dng

bn tin (heading code) thnh tn bn tin.Trong TSS cn c chc nng trit ting di (Echo Cancellation): x l bi khichc nng ECP, gm c phn cng v phn mm, v b trit c kt nin GS. 1 ECP subrack cha 512 knh.


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Mai ThHng 34

ECP thng c lp trong cc MSC gateway ca mng di ng hoc cctng i transit trong mng cnh.

b) Bo hiu knh kt hp (CAS) trong AXE: bo hiu thanh ghi trong CAS cthc hin nh sau:

- Tn hiu MFC c chuyn mch n CSR.

- Thng tin bo hiu c x l bi RP v a n phn mm CSR.

- Khi BT x l lu lng gia h thng con TSS v TCS.- Thng tin sau c gi n TCS lu bi khi chc nng thanh ghi

(RE: Register).

c) Phn cng TSS: phn cng trong TSS c lp trong 1 subrack gi l GDM(Generic Device Magazine). Trong GDM cho php nhiu loi board khc nhauthuc nhiu h thng con khc nhau lp vo:

- RP4-H (Regional Processor generation 4, half size board): kt ni v phnphi ngun DC, qun l cc board trong khung thng qua EMB trnbackplane. Nhng RP ny s dng RPB-S.

- DLHB (Digital Link Half height Board): hot ng nh b tch/ghp knh, ktni vi GS thng qua ng DL3 c ghp t 16 ng DL2 thng qua

backplane.- Device: bao gm cc loi board nh: ETC (Exchange Terminal Circuit)

cung cp ng E1, PDSPL s dng cho cc chc nng nh CSR, KRD,RPG2/RPG3 cho cc chc nng bo hiu


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Mai ThHng 35

- Ngoi ra AXE 10 cng h tr thit b ET155 cung cp giao din STM-1 u ni trung k lin i, gim kch thc thit b cng nh tng dung lngu ni gia cc tng i.

2) CCS (Common Channel Signalling Subsystem): thc hin chc nng MTP trongSS7, c t chc thnh cc khi thnh phn gm:

- Kh nng giao dch (TC: Transaction Capabilities).

- Phn truyn bn tin (MTP).

- Phn iu khin kt ni bo hiu (SCCP).

Trong CCS ch c phn cng l MTP, gm ST (Signalling Terminal) v PCD(Pulse Code Modulation Device). PCD-D (PCD Digital) x l vic tng thch tc bit t ST n GS.

a) Khi chc nng CCS:


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Mai ThHng 36

- C7ST2 (C7 Signalling Terminal): kt ni vi knh bo hiu.

- C7DR2 (C7 Discrimination, distribution and Routing): c thng tin ch ntrong n v bo hiu. Trong trng hp bn tin kt cui th khi gi n nUP, nu khng th bn tin s tip tc c chuyn i.

- C7DP2 (C7 Destination Point management): qun l cc im kt cui (ccSP) trn mng.

- C7LS2 (C7 Link Set management): x l cc LS bao gm qun l cu hnh,chuyn gia cc SL trong cng LS.

- C7SL2 (C7 Signalling Link management): x l cc SL, kt hp vi kim trasau khi b ngt hoc nhiu tm thi.

b) Phn cng CCS:

Cc ST khc nhau c dng pht bn tin bo hiu. Version mi nht caST c thc hin bi RP.

ST-7 kt ni n GS thng qua PCD-D. PCD-D c nhim v tng thch tc 64kb/s t ST vo ng 2Mb/s ni vo GS. Mi ST x l 1 SL, mi cpRP iu khin 4 ST.


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Mai ThHng 37

RPG (Regional Processor with Group switch interface) dng cho ST l 1 cuhnh phn cng gm 1 cp RP, 4 ST v 1 PCD-D trn cng 1 bo mch, tuynhin n dy gp i board mch thng thng (RPG2). Hin nay RPG3thng c s dng, n tng ng board mch thng thng v cuhnh mnh hn RPG2.

PCD chuyn i v ghp tn hiu tng t (analog) vo ng PCM, trong khi

PCD-D ghp tn hiu 64kb/s vo ng PCM 2Mb/s (PCD-D khng chuyni tn hiu analog sang digital).

c) UP trong AXE: giao thc bo hiu ISDN User Part (ISUP) c dng cho ngdng ISDN v nhiu mng di ng.

ISUP cng c th dng cho ng dng PSTN, tuy nhin TUP (Telephony UP)sc dng trong thng tin vi cc tng i khng h tr ISUP. Hin nayphn ln cc tng i u s dng phng thc bo hiu ISUP trong mngbo hiu CCS7.

TSS thc hin cc kiu chc nng UP khc nhau. TSS c thc hin trongXSS (Existing Source System) trn h thng nn AM (AM based system).

d) MTP trong AXE:

Trong AXE, MTP c thc hin trong CCS. C 3 cp (level) lin quan nm hnh tham chiu CCS7:


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Mai ThHng 38

- SS7 level 1: thc hin chc nng lin kt d liu bo hiu, l knh vt ldng truyn bn tin bo hiu gia 2 tng i trn mng. Trong cc hthng digital, n l knh 64 kb/s trong h thng PCM, v bao gm mch ktcui tng i (ETC: Exchange Terminal Circuit) cng nh PCD-D v GSS.

Vi knh trong PCM c th dng lm knh lin kt d liu bo hiu, tr knh0 lun dng cho ng b. Lin kt d liu bo hiu thng c kt ni cnh thng qua GS. PCD-D ghp 1 knh 64 kb/s ca 1 kt cui bo hiu vo1 ng PCM 2 Mb/s n GS.

- SS7 level 2: thc hin chc nng lin kt bo hiu, bao gm pht hin vsa li bo m vic truyn dn tin cy cc bn tin bo hiu trn kt nid liu bo hiu. Chc nng lin kt bo hiu thc hin bi ST (SignallingTerminal) cng nh phn mm trung tm v vng.

- SS7 level 3: thc hin chc nng mng bo hiu trong phn mm trung tm,gm 2 loi: x l bn tin bo hiu (bo m bn tin bo hiu n ng ach), qun l mng bo hiu (nghn hay li trn mng bo hiu).

e) Mng bo hiu:SPC trong mng bo hiu quc t theo chun chung s c 14 bit nh sau:

Vic phn chia ISPC = SANC + SPID nhm phn chia khu vc, quy hoch mim bo hiu cho tng khu vc trn th gii.

ng truyn ti cc bn tin MSU gia 2 im bo hiu c gi l lin ktbo hiu (SL: Signalling Link), v mt vt l l 1 khe thi gian (TS) c chnh ca ng PCM (tr TS0).

V l do dung lng v an ton m c th cn nhiu SL gia 2 im bo hiu.1 s SL s trong 1 LS (Link Set).

Trong STP chc chc nng MTP (khng c UP) c thc hin.

SP=NI + SPC: trong cc bn tin bo hiu khng th hin trng NI, do NI chyu phn bit cc SPC trong cng tng i.


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Mai ThHng 39

Chng 4:H thng iu khin

I. Gii thiu

APZ u tin c pht trin l APZ 210, bt u t APZ 210 03 n APZ 210 04,v cui cng l APZ 210 06. Phn cng ca cc APZ ny vn ging nhau, nh thayi phn mm m dn n s lng cc khi (block) c th np vo tng ln v slng tn hiu c thc nhn bi cc chng trnh phn mm c tng ln.

S yu cu cho cc ng dng trn tng i quc t v qu giang tng ln dnn s pht trin ca APZ 212, mnh hn nhiu so vi APZ 210.

Tuy nhin, khng phi tt c cc tng i u yu cu dung lng ln hn APZ210, do APZ 211 c pht trin. APZ 211 khng phi cung cp dung lng lnhn APZ 210 m l gi sn xut r hn.

APZ 211 v APZ 212 lin tc pht trin, b x l v dung lng b nh tng ngk. Nhng APZ 212 vn c b x l mnh hn APZ 211.

S pht trin khc thm na t APZ 210 l APZ 213 vi mc ch dng cho cctng i nh, nng thn.

Hin nay, APZ 211 c s dng trong phn ln tng i AXE trn th gii, trongkhi vic s dng APZ 212 ang tng rt nhanh, c bit l trong th trng thng

tin di ng.


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Mai ThHng 40

Bng sau so sch cc loi APZ theo n v BHCA (Busy Hour Call Attempts scuc gi chp nhn trong gi cao im):

Biu khin APZ Dung lng (BHCA) S thu bao cc i

APZ 210 144.000 40.000

APZ 211 150.000 40.000

APZ 212 800.000 200.000

APZ 213 11.000 2.000

II. Khi qut v APZ 212

1) Tng qut:

Kin trc v h thng hot ng, v mt chc nng, l ging nhau trong tt ccc version ca APZ 212. Cu trc APZ 212 gm c hai b x l trung tm CP(Central Processor), n v bo dng MAU (Maintenance Unit), cc b x lvng RP, b x l ph tr SP (Support Processor), bus x l vng RPB.


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Mai ThHng 41

CP c thit k thc hin cc chc nng phc tp thng c tnh phn tchhoc qun l, cng nh thng tin v iu khin cc b x l vng.

RP c thit k thc hin cc chc nng n gin nhng lp li thngxuyn. RP thng c dng iu khin trc tip cc n v phn cng cah thng ng dng.

MAU c chc nng gim st v iu khin hot ng ca hai CP.SP thc hin chc nng giao tip gia AXE v th gii bn ngoi nh x lthng tin ngi my, qun l file v truyn thng d liu. Nhiu loi thit b c thkt ni vo SP nh my tnh c nhn, my in, a quang, a cng, a mm,cc thit b knh d liu.

CP v RP giao tip vi nhau bng cch gi tn hiu trn cc bus x l vng RPB.

2) Cc khi chc nng

a) CPU (Central Processor Unit): bao gm IPU (Instruction Processor Unit) chutrch nhim v vic thc hin cc chng trnh (program execution) v SPU

(Signalling Processor Unit) chu trch nhim qun tr cc cng vic (jobadministration) da trn u tin v mt logic ( bo m cc cng vic khncp sc thc thi trc).

Trong APZ 212 30 th SPU c chia thnh 2 khi lm vic song song lmaster v slave: SPU master chu trch nhim cho cc thng tin hng vIPU, SPU slave bo m cho vic thng tin n RPH.


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Mai ThHng 42

UMB-S v UMB-I (Updating and Matchung Bus) l bus kt ni cp nht vtng thch gia cc SPU v IPU. Trong UMB-S bao gm UMSB (cha dliu v tn hiu gia cc SPU Slave) v UMMB (cho SPU Master).

AMB (Automatic Maintenance Bus) c chc nng chnh l gi/nhn cc tnhiu li i/n MAU cng nh gi tn hiu trng thi lm vic t MAU n 2CP. Khi CP hot ng bnh thng th MAU trng thi bnh thng (normal)v AMB b kha. Khi 1 CP pht hin li th MAU c thng bo qua AMB vchuyn sang trng thi hot ng (active). Ch trong trng thi hot ng thMAU c th chnh thay i trng thi CP, ngng tc v, bt u cp nht

CTB (Central Processor Test Bus) kt ni cc mt ca CP n h thng CPTnm trong CP v h thng IO. Thng tin CPT gia MAU v h thng IO cthc hin thng qua PTB (Processor Test Bus).

V d: khi RP pht hin mt thu bao nhc my, n gi tn hiu n CP. Tnhiu ny tham chiu n mt chui chng trnh trong b nh CP m c

thc thi x l vic thu bao nhc my. Chui chng trnh thc hin vicchn on v gi m hiu mi quay sn thu bao. l cng vic cthc hin bi CP v qun l cng vic c iu khin bi SPU.

SPU sp xp tt c cc cng vic n vo cc bm cng vic (job buffer)khc nhau da trn loi cng vic, v a chng vo hng i thc thi.

IPU thc hin vic thc thi cc chng trnh tht s. Khi n thi im, IPUtm cng vic k tip c thc thi t SPU. Trong khi IPU thc thi cng vic,SPU chun b cng vic mi cho IPU. Vic thc thi mt cng vic trong IPU cth dn n mt cng vic khc cn c thc thi. SPU qun l cng vic nyv tt c cc cng vic khc trong h thng.

Trong qu trnh np, mi khi chc nng c nh vng trong b nhchng trnh PS v b nh d liu DS. Cc b nhc sp xp, do vy cc


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Mai ThHng 43

chng trnh v d liu c nh vng li trong b nh. IPU tm cc hngdn, chng trnh c lin quan v d liu t PS, DS thc thi cng vic.

Khi PS v DS c nh vng li, chng ta cn xc nh v tr cc chngtrnh v d liu trong cc b nh, l l do cn c b lu tr tham chiu RS.Cc a chbt u (v tr) ca cc khi chc nng c lu trong RS.

Tng hp cc bc v vic qun tr v thc hin cc cng vic trong CPU: SPU nhn mt tn hiu (cng vic) t RPH hoc IPU.

Khi n thi im, IPU tm cng vic t mt bm cng vic trong SPU.

IPU tm a ch bt u trong RS cho chui chng trnh c thc thitrong PS v d liu tng ng trong DS.

IPU tm v thc thi cc lnh chui chng trnh. D liu c tm t DS.

Kt qu thc thi chng trnh c gi v SPU. Kt qu c th l mt cngvic khc c thc thi.

b) PRS (Program Reference Store): bao gm PS v RS nm trong IPU. TrongAPZ 212 30 l b nh DRAM 128 MW16, trong PS l 96 MW16 v RS l32 MW16 (hay 16 MW32) (d liu c chiu di t l 32 bit).

c) STUD (Storrage Unit Data): cha DS (Data Store).


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Mai ThHng 44

Ti a 8 board c th s dng tng ng 4 GW16, gm 2 loi c thcdng ng thi l DRAM 512 MW16 (c dung lng lu tr ln) v SRAM 32MW16 (cho php tc truy xut cao).

Khi khi to APZ 212 30 th khi no c s dng nhiu hn sc choth tu tin cao hn v c thc lu trong SRAM. Vic thay i th tu tin c th thc hin bi ngi vn hnh.

d) RPH (Regional Processor Handler): kt ni cc RP bus vi hai CP. N c thc nhiu cu hnh phn cng khc nhau ty thuc loi RP c dng. CcRP c thc kt ni dng ni tip hoc song song. Nhiu RP song song vni tip c th cng lc kt ni n CP, nhng tng s RP bus khng cvt qu 32. Mi RP bus c thc kt ni ti a 32 RP trn mi nhnh.

Chc nng chnh ca RPH l nhn tn hiu RP t CPU (SPU) x l nhdng v truyn tn hiu n RP xc nh a ch theo giao thc RP bus.RPH cng qut v tra cc RP kt ni nhn tn hiu khi qut thy RP ctn hiu gi v chuyn tn hiu ny n CPU (SPU).

e) MAU (Maintenance Unit): chc nng chnh l gim st hai CP v l giao dinn h thng kim tra b x l trung tm CPT (CP Test). MAU cng gim stcc qut lm mt phn cng CP.


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Mai ThHng 45

f) CPT (CP Test System): l cng c cho php ngi vn hnh thng tin vi CPtrong vi trng hp c bit nh khi bt u khi to tng i, hoc khi lih thng. CPT cng thc hin kim tra phn cng CP v phn mm.

Khi truy xut vo h thng CPT, theo phng thc local mode (xem thmtrong chng 5), phi s dng 1 b lnh ca CPT.

III. H thng con trong APZ

APZ c chia thnh cc h thng con, gm hai loi:

1) Cc h thng con iu khin (Control subsystems):

- H thng con x l trung tm CPS (Central Processor Subsystem): thc hin ccchc nng x l mc cao, x l d liu v lu tr cc chng trnh cho cc khi

chc nng trong AXE.- H thng con x l vng RPS (Regional Processor Subsystem): bao gm cc b

x l vng RP, c nhim v x l cc quy trnh lp li trong AXE.

- H thng con bo dng MAS (Maintenance Subsystem): cc chc nng x lbo dng tng, v d pht hin v phc hi li ca cc b x l trung tm.

- H thng con qun l c s d liu DBS (Database Management Subsystem):bao gm cc chc nng x l c s d liu cho cc ng dng AXE.

2) Cc h thng con vo/ra (Input/Output subsystems):

-

H thng con x l h tr SPS (Support Processor Subsystem): cha h thngvn hnh h tr x l file v thng tin d liu. SPS giao din vi CP v cungcp cc chc nng vn hnh v bo dng c yu cu bi cc b x l htr SP.


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Mai ThHng 46

- H thng con my tnh ph tr ACS (Adjunct Computer Subsystem): cha phnmm cho nn x l h tr (Adjunct Processor platform), n cng x l thng tinngimy.

- H thng con thng tin m OCS (Open Communication Subsystem): h tr ccchun thng tin khc nhau cho vic truyn d liu gia cc ng dng trong AXEv cc h thng my tnh bn ngai.

- H thng con qun l file FMS (File Management Subsystem): cha c phncng v phn mm. Phn cng bao gm cc thit b nha cng, a quang lu tr thng tin file.

- H thng con thng tin ngimy MCS (Man-Machine CommunicationSubsystem): x l thng tin gia nhn vin iu hnh v h thng AXE, thng tinl cc lnh, cc kt qu xut, cnh bo

- H thng con thng tin d liu DCS (Data Communication Subsystem): cung cpcc giao din vt l v thng tin, giao thc cho thng tin d liu vi AXE.

-

H thng con lin mng vng RIS (Regional Inter Networking Subsystem): baogm cc giao thc nh TCP/IP, PPP, UDP, BOOTP, Frame Relay v TFTP cngvi giao din chuyn mch nhm v cc driver Ethernet.

- H thng con nn qun l MPS (Management Platform Subsystem): cung cpchc nng nh WinFiol v cc cng c qun l h thng AXE.

Cc h thng con nh CPS, RPS v MAS c trong tt c cc h APZ, c thc thay i ph thuc vo h APZ. Phn ln cc h thng con APZ c tndng, khng c version ca DBS, SPS, FMS, DCS, MCS v OCS; chc CPS,MAS v RPS l nng cp.

IV. H thng con x l trung tm CPS

1) Chc nng CPS:

CPS bao gm b x l trung tm CP ghp i v phn mm qun l s thcthi chng trnh, np, phn phi b nh v kim tra.


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Mai ThHng 47

Phn mm ng dng c lu tr trong cc b x l trung tm v c thc thibi chng. Tuy nhin, theo quan im cu trc h thng, phn mm ng dngthuc v APT.

Tuy khng c nhiu tng tc gia phn mm APZ v phn mm APT trong qutrnh hot ng bnh thng nhng trong trng hp APZ li, v d RP b kha,hoc cc thay i trong qu trnh hot ng, mt s tng tc gia APT v APZc thc hin.Khi cc khi APT khc nhau thng tin vi nhau, thng tin c x l bi cc khichc nng APZ. Trong cc trng hp nh vy, cc khi chc nng APZ qunl ng thng tin gia cc khi APT v gi d liu APT theo c hai hng mkhng cn bit ni dung. Ta c th ni rng cc khi APZ ng vai tr nh mtng dn (pipe) cho cc khi APT.

C th CP c cc chc nng sau:

- Thc thi chng trnh v x l d liu: phn phi kh nng x l gia cccng vic c thc thi. Cc nhim vc u tin dng bm cng vic,

bng cng vic, hng i thi gian, v cc chc nng v lch thi gian.- Thay i chc nng (Function change): qun l vic thay th, thm hoc xa

cc n v phn mm trong AXE.

- Sao chp d phng (Dumping): mt bn sao chp ni dung ca cc b nhCP c lu li trong mt phng tin lu tr khc, nha cng hay aquang.

- Np li (reload): bn sao chp d phng c th c np vo CP trongtrng hp c li nghim trng xy ra, v d mt li phn mm nghim trng.

- Qun l np v thay i kch thc: qun l qu trnh np khi ng h

thng, np li bn sao chp d phng v np khi thay i chc nng. Ncng chu trch nhim tng hoc gim kch thc ca cc b nh d liu.

- Chc nng kim tra: gim st vic dng b nh ca cc b nh CP, c bab nh CP:

B nh chng trnh PS (Program Store): cha cc chng trnh phnmm thc thi.

B nh d liu DS (Data Store): cha tt c d liu ca tng i (c ththay i bi ngi vn hnh, nh thay i d liu ca thu bao).

B nh tham chiu RS (Reference Store): gm cc bng c s dng truy xut PS v DS.

- Sa li chng trnh: c dng sa li phn mm. CP cng c chcnng chn v xa cc sa li chng trnh.

- Kim tra chng trnh: cho php cc tn hiu phn mm hoc cc bin cd tm. N c th dng trong node kim tra kim tra phn mm hoc trongnode hot ng tr gip d tm cc li phn mm.

- Thng k bo dng: tp hp thng tin v tnh trng CP v cc s kin xyra trong APZ.

- o ti b x l: c s dng pht hin s qu ti dung lng b x l.

2) X l sao lu h thng (system backup handling): l 1 chc nng ca CPS.


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Mai ThHng 48

an ton th tt c d liu trong PS, RS, DS c sao lu thng xuyn nthit b lu tr ngoi nha cng, a quang hoc 1 vng trn b nh CP. Vicsao lu trong AXE c gi l dump, bao gm dump nhn cng (manual) haydump tng (automatic).

Dump nhn cng phi c thc hin sau khi PS thay i, v d nh sau 1function change hoc program correction. Cn dump tng c thc hin ti1 thi im no c n nh bi ngi vn hnh bng lnh, bao gm largedump (lu ton b d liu t DS) v small dump (lu cc thng tin cc).

File sao lu gm nhiu file cho mc ch d phng, trong RELFSW0 l filemi nht v sc s dng cho vic np li (reload) khi cn.

File sao lu l dng file ghp (composite file) gm 6 subfile lu tr cc thng itnkhc nhau, c k hiu: R0 (d liu iu khin qun tr vic sao lu), R1 vR2 (d liu cc t small dump), R3 v R4 (d liu tng i t large dump), R5(bn sao PS v RS t manual dump).

3) Cc trng thi CP:

B x l trung tm c ghp i v l do an ton, c gi l mt A (CPA) vmt B (CPB), hai mt CP c cc trng thi hot ng khc nhau ph thuc votrng thi ca ton h thng. Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, ngha l khikhng c li nghim trng xy ra hoc khi nhn vin vn hnh khng can thipvo hot ng ca APZ, CP-A trng thi thc thi EX (Executive) v CP-B

trng thi hot ng d phng SB-WO (Standby Working).


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Mai ThHng 49

Nu cc RP song song c trong h thng, chng c iu khin bi mt EX.mt SB-WO thc hin cng cng vic nh mt EX nhng n khng iu khincc RP song song. Tn hiu c gi t mt SB-WO n cc RP song song

nhng khng c c vo chng. Chng chkim tra parity pht hin cc libus RP.

Nu cc RP ni tip c trong h thng, cc RP c iu khin bi mt CP mc ni vo nhnh bus RP tch cc (active). Bnh thng cc tn hiu RP cgi v nhn bi mt CP c kt ni vo bus active. Cc tn hiu RP nhn cc phn phi n mt CP kia qua kt ni cho gia hai CP.

Cng vic ca hai b x l trung tm c so snh lin tc bng vic gi d liutrn bus cp nht so snh UMB t mt EX n mt SB-WO. D liu c sosnh pht hin li phn cng CP. Nu mt li c pht hin, trng thi cahai CP s thay i. Thay i trng thi ph thuc vo li v tr CP no, v d khi

c li xy ra trong CPA (CP-A ang EX) th CPB tr thnh thc thi EX v CPA b tm dng SBHA.

Ch rng vic so snh cng s pht hin li bus RP song song, khi tn hiu RPsong song c gi n c hai CP, cc tn hiu ny c hai CP so snh.

Ngoi trng thi EX v SB-WO, hai CP c th nhiu trng thi khc nhau,nhng lun lun c mt CP trng thi thc thi (Executive) v CP cn li trng thi d phng (Standby). S chuyn trng thi ny s khng lm gin onn vic iu khin lu lng, n v bo dng MAU qun l s chuyn iny. Cc trng thi ca CP bao gm:


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Mai ThHng 50

- Trng thi dng SB-HA (Standby Halted): nu h thng tm ra li thngtrc mt trong hai CP hoc tn s xy ra li tm thi qu cao th CP ny bMAU ra lnh ngng hot ng, ngha l khng c hot ng x l no trnCP ny.

- Trng thi cp nht SB-UP (Standby Updating): khi mt CP b dng(SB-HA) hoc b c lp (SB-SE), d liu trong hai mt CP khc nhau. khi phc h thng song song, CP trc b dng hoc b c lp phic cp nht vi d liu ng, ngha l mt EX s truyn d liu n mtSB-UP qua UMB.

Nu vic cp nht thnh cng, tc khng cn li trong CP Standby na,trng thi ca CP ny s chuyn thnh SB-WO. Nu mt cp nht l CP-A,n s t chuyn thnh EX sau mt thi gian v trng thi hot ng bnhthng mc nh ca h thng l CP-A c trng thi EX v CP-B trng thihot ng d phng SB-WO.

- Trng thi b cch ly SB-SE (Standby Separated): trong trng thi SB-SE, CP

ny vn hot ng nhng khng c trao i vi cc RP song song. Khi CP trong trng thi SB-SE, cc phn mm mi c thc np hoc hoc thchin cc thay i quan trng khc.

Nh chng ta bit, RP ni tip c nhiu trng thi khc nhau, c th trngthi bnh thng NORM (normal) hoc b cch ly SEP (separated).

Nu mt CP b cch ly, cc RP ni tip b cch ly s thng tin vi CP ny. Tnhnng ny cho php cc ng dng khc nhau chy trn hai mt CP: mt ng

dng trong CP thc thi EX thng tin vi tt c RP song song v cc RP ni tip trng thi NORM, v mt ng dng trong CP b cch ly thng tin vi cc RP nitip trng thi SEP.

Cu trc ca APZ 212 30:


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Mai ThHng 51

V. H thng con bo dng MASH thng con bo dng (MAS) x l cc chc nng bo dng tng trongAPZ. MAS bao gm phn mm v n v phn cng MAU. Chc nng c bn caMAS l gim st v iu khin hai CP. N thc hin bng cch nhn cc tn hiu liphn cng v phn mm t hai CP v ty theo tn hiu li, thc hin cc th tcchn on nh v li, thc hin hnh ng phc hi li v pht ra cnh bo.

MAS cng cung cp h thng kim tra b x l trung tm CPT, cho php nhn vinvn hnh thng tin vi h thng trong trng hp thng tin IO bnh thng khng

th thc hin c, v d khi to h thng ban u hoc khi c li nghim trngxy ra lm h thng ngng hot ng. H thng CPT cng dng x l li phnmm trong phn mm trung tm.

Bnh thng, lnh c gi t h thng IO n CP qua mt trong cc bus RP. CPTdng mt bus kt ni gia MAU v h thng IO. Cc AT (Alphanumeric Terminal)trong h thng IO c th dng ng ny thng tin vi CP.

Giao din vn hnh trong phng thc thng tin CPT bao gm cc lnh tng ngtrong ngn ng ngimy chun (Man-Machine Language). Cc lnh CPT cdng cho kim tra, d tm, np cc CP v a cc CP tr li hot ng.


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Mai ThHng 52

VI. H thng con x l vng RPS (Regional Processor Subsystem).

1) Tng quan v RPS:

RPS lu tr v thc thi phn mm vng kt hp vi h thng chuyn mch vh thng iu khin. H thng con x l vng c nhim v thit lp mt lin ktgia CP v cc thit b APT. H thng con ny gm: biu khin x l vngRPH (RP Handler), bus x l vng RPB (RP Bus) v nhiu b x l vng RPkhc nhau.

- RPH nhim v chnh l cung cp giao din kt ni gia CP v cc RPB, lu trtm thi cc tn hiu i/n CP v ti cc tn hiu ny ln RPB.

- RPB l cc bus kt ni CP vi cc RP, mi bus gm hai nhnh. C hai loi RPBl RPB song song (RPB-P) v RPB ni tip (RPB-S). Cc tn hiu gi trn miloi RPB theo mt giao thc thng tin.

- Cc RP c thit k thc hin cc chc nng n gin c tnh lp lithng xuyn v ch yu l iu khin trc tip cc n v phn cng, ngoira c mt s RP chuyn x l bo hiu SSNo7, V5.2.

Cc n v phn cng APT c iu khin bi RP th c nh ngha nh ccthit b (device), i vi h thng iu khin cc device c nh ngha nhnhng module m rng EM. EM l n v x l nh nht trong h thng, gmnhiu n v phn cng. Thng cc EM c iu khin bi cc biu khin

EM. Biu khin EM thc hin cc yu cu t RP, v c kt ni n RPbng bus EM (EMB).


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Mai ThHng 53

Cc phn mm ng dng c np vo RP c gi l n v phn mm vngRSU (Regional Software Unit). Cc device tng tc nhm li trong cc EM

th c iu khin bi cng RSU. Cc RSU v cc d liu lin quan iukhin EM c gi l module iu khin CM. Ta c th xem CM l khi nimdng chia nh phn mm thnh cc n v. Thng mi CM tng ng vimt EM.

RP c thit kiu khin 16 EM nhng s CM ti a c th l 32, 16 CMc gn tng ng vi 16 EM, 16 CM cn li c gn cho cc chc nngbo tr v h tr.

2) Cc dng RP:

C nhiu loi dng RP s dng cho cc mc ch khc nhau, nhng c 2 nhmchnh ca dng RP l RP song song v RP ni tip, hai dng ny ph thuc vo

cch RP kt ni v cch chng thng tin vi cc CP.a) RP song song:

RP song song c t lu trong AXE. Mi RP c kt ni vt l n c haiCP bng mt trong hai nhnh trn bus RP song song. Bus RP trong trnghp ny gi l bus RP song song (RPB-P). Tn hiu c gi v nhn t ccCP trn c hai nhnh bus.

Bnh thng, cc RP song song hot ng thnh i, theo kiu mi RP trongchng ny siu khin mt na s phn cng APT kt ni n chng. Nuc li xy ra trn mt RP, RP cn li siu khin ton b phn cng APT.

Cc RP cng c th khng lm vic theo cp nu yu cu v an ton thpc chp nhn.


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Mai ThHng 54

b) RP ni tip:

RP ni tip l dng mi trong AXE v ging nh RP song song, chng cngc kt ni vt l n c hai CP. Trong trng hp ny, chng s dng chai nhnh bus trn bus RP ni tip (RPB-S). Tn hiu trong qu trnh hotng bnh thng chc gi n mt CP v CP ny s phn phi tn hiucho CP kia.

Nhnh bus dng cho thng tin CP-RP gi l bus tch cc (active bus) vnhnh kia gi l bus thng (passive bus). kch hot v kim tra c haibus RP, hai nhnh bus c chuyn i gia hai trng thi active v passivetrong mt khong thi gian no .

RP ni tip dng t phn cng hn RP song song v bus RP ni tip c tc truyn nhanh hn 2-3 ln so vi bus RP song song. Bus RP song song v nitip v cc dng RP c th cng tn ti trong mt tng i.


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Mai ThHng 55

Chng 5:Giao tip vo ra IOG 20

I. Hot ng ca IOG 20.

1) Gii thiu:

IOG 20 l h thng h tr cho vic thng tin vi tng i AXE. N l giao dingia AXE vi cc h thng bn ngoi (bao gm trung tm tnh cc v trung tm

vn hnh v bo dng OMC) v nhn vin vn hnh v bo dng.

Hin nay Ericsson pht trin h thng giao tip mi gi l APG (AdjuncProcessor Group) thay i hon ton cu trc phn cng phn mm cng nhngn ng giao tip. APG 40 hot ng nh my ch Server, v c ci t hiu hnh Windows Server 2003.

Hin nay, Vit Nam, IOG 20 chcn c s dng trn cc h thng AXE sdng cho mng cnh v cc tng i transit (VTN, Tandem, Host, ), cn hthng AXE dng trong cc mng di ng u chuyn qua APG 40, l do chnhl nng cao cht lng x l, n nh v kh nng lu tr:

Cng vic ca IOG 20:

- X l d liu n v t CP. D liu c th l k t ch s, nh cc lnh, kt quxut, cnh bo, d liu thng k v d liu cc. D liu c th dng nhphn, v d backup phn mm.

- Lu tr thng tin trn phng tin t tnh, nh trn a cng, a quang v amm.

2) Cc chc nng ca IOG 20 :

Np li CP.

X l thng k.


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Mai ThHng 56

Thng tin d liu, v d: truyn d liu cc n trung tm x l xa.

Thng tin vi trung tm vn hnh v bo dng OMC.

Hin th cc cnh bo t APT, APZ v chnh IOG,n cng hin th cc cnh bobn ngoi, nh nhit v m.

3) Cc h thng con ca IOG 20.

a) H thng con x l h tr SPS (Support Processor Subsystem): giao din viCP v x l cc chc nng xut nhp. SPS cng cung cp cc chc nng vnhnh v bo dng c yu cu bi cc b x l h tr SP.

b) H thng con qun l file FMS (File Management Subsystem): x l cc thitb lu tr v cc file.

c) H thng con thng tin ngimy MCS (Man-Machine CommunicationSubsystem): x l thng tin gia nhn vin iu hnh v h thng AXE thngqua cc lnh, cc kt qu xut, cnh bo

d) H thng con thng tin d liu DCS (Data Communication Subsystem): cungcp cc giao din vt l v cc giao thc thng tin d liu thng tin vi h

thng AXE.e) H thng con thng tin m OCS (Open Communication Subsystem): cung cp

cc chun thng tin d liu gia cc ng dng trong AXE v cc h thngmy tnh bn ngoi.

IOG 20 cng cha cc h thng con APT ty chn sau :

a) H thng con o lu lng v thng k STS (Statistics and TrafficMeasurement Subsystem): l h thng tp hp, lu tr, x l v a ra dliu thng k cho tt c loi x l lu lng v cc ng dng bo dng.

b) H thng con o t xa RMS (Remote Measurement Subsystem): dng cho

hot ng kim tra v o trn cc h thng truyn dn.4) Cc thnh phn phn cng ca h thng IOG 20.


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Mai ThHng 57

Cc thit b IO: AT (u cui k t ch s), AMTP (u cui k t ch s quaMTP Ericsson), ALI (giao din cnh bo), HD (a cng), FD (a mm), OD (aquang) v DL (ng lin kt d liu).

Giao din n bus RP gi l RP bus adapter VME (RPV hoc RPV2). RPV/RPV2c nhim v thng tin gia n viu khin trong IOG 20 (SP) v CP. RPV bini giao din bus RP song song thnh giao din bus VME, cn RPV2 bin igiao din bus RP ni tip thnh giao din bus VME.

IOG 20, cn c cc giao din bus SCSI-2 (small computer systems interface),VSA (Mass Storage Adapter) PC/AT v Ethernet. Bus Ethernet theo chun ISO8802-2 v IEEE 802.2, 802.3.

n viu khin trong IOG 20 l b x l h tr SP. SP trong IOG 20 da trnvi x l Motorola 68060, b x l c gi l CPU60. CPU 60 c b nh bntrong l 32 MB, ngoi ra, phn ln d liu c yu cu bi SP c lu trongcc a cng v c dng bi SP khi cn thit, trong CP cng cha nhiu phnmm ca h thng IO.

RPV (hoc RPV2) v SP c ghp i trong cu hnh chun ca IOG20, thchin phng nga li (li phn cng v phn mm) xut hin trong mt SP.

ALCPU: board giao tip cnh bo, c 2 port V.24 giao tip vi LUM v qut,n cng c port cho cc cnh bo bn ngoi. N kt ni n VME bus v nguntrn backplane. ALEXP c 4 port hin th cc cnh bo ra ngoi v c iukhin bi ALCPU.


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Mai ThHng 58

Hai SP trong mt IOG c kt ni bi bus lin my tnh ICB. ICB cho php dliu c truyn gia 2 SP, n l mt bus Ethernet. Mi SP c gi l node,nh vy ta c Node A v Node B, bnh thng mt node SP hot ng trngthi thc thi EX (Executive) v node cn li trng thi d phng SB (Standby).

Kt ni logic gia CP v SP, qua RPV (hoc RPV2) v bus RP c gi l mtng lin kt (link).

Mt IOG 20 nh m t trn vi 2 SP (hoc node), mi ci iu khin nhiu thitb IO, c gi l mt nhm b x l h tr SPG.

C th kt ni 4 SPG n CP, mi SPG c nh s vi SPG u tin cgi l SPG-0. Phn ln tng i AXE vi IOG 20 ch cn mt SPG, ngha lSPG-0, nhng nu tng i cn lu tr v truyn i mt lng d liu ln thcn n 2 hoc 3 SPG. SPG-1, SPG-2 v SPG-3 cung cp cc b x l ring x l d liu. Chng lm gim bt ti cho cc SP ca SPG-0 trong vic x l ccthit b IO k t ch s v cc cnh bo.

Trong SPG-0, ng lin kt ti node A c gi l Link-0 v ti node B gi lLink-1. Vi SPG-0, Link-0 c a chRP l RP-1, Link-1 c a chRP l RP-4.

Trong cc SPG khc c cc a chtng ng l:- SPG-1: Link-0 c a chRP l RP-5 v Link-1 c a chRP-6.

- SPG-2: Link-0 c a chRP l RP-7 v Link-1 c a chRP-8.

- SPG-3: Link-0 c a chRP l RP-9 v Link-1 c a chRP-10.

L do xc nh a chRP l RP-1 v RP-4 trong SPG-0 l v b x l trungtm c thit k tm cc file sao chp d phng trn a chRP-1 khi thchin vic np li tng. Bi vy RP-1 c nh v tr n nt A ca SPG-0.

RP-2 c dnh cho chc nng thay i RP. RP-3 c dnh cho cc chcnng IOG3 (yu cu l IOG3 v IOG11 u c th hot ng trong cng chuyn


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Mai ThHng 59

mch). IOG11 v IOG20 c th hot ng trong cng mt chuyn mch. a chk tip s l RP-4 c chn cho nt B ca SPG-0.

5) X l lnh trong AXE:

Tt c cc lnh u c thc hin trong CP, IOG20 truyn thng sut(transparent) cc lnh v nhn cc tr li c a ra.

Khi lnh c thc hin trong SP th CP phi c bit trc, khi 1 lnh mng (path building command hay entry command) s m hp thoi (dialogue)gia thit b vn hnh v SPG c yu cu. Dialogue s mang cc lnh con(subcommand) t thit b vn hnh.

Tuy nhin cc lnh vn c thc gi n SP nhng khng i n CP m xl trc tip bi SP khi:

- Lnh phi c thc hin trong SP.

- Ngi vn hnh truy xut vo SP theo phng thc local mode: kt ni voCPU port hoc dng path building command MCLOC.

II. H thng con x l h tr (SPS).

1) Tng quan:SPS thc hin iu khin chng trnh ca b x l h tr SP, chcnng thng tin SP-CP, cc chc nng bo dng cho cc node v cc nglin kt, v nhiu chc nng khc. SPS bao gm cc thnh phn sau :

- B x l ph tr SP vi hiu hnh v cc bus ca n.

- Cc thch ng bus b x l vng RPV hoc RPV2.

- Phn mm cho thng tin gia CP v SP.

- Phn mm cho cc chc nng vn hnh, bo dng v gim st SPG.

2) Phn cng ca SPS:

B x l ph tr SP: b x l ph tr l mt my tnh thi gian thc c gi lCPU60, n da trn b x l Motorola M68060, 32 MB DRAM, mt PROM khing v cc mch giao din.

Khi np hoc np li mt SP, phn mm khi ng lu trong PROM c sdng bt u np hiu hnh SP v phn mm vo b nh chnh ca SP ta mm, a quang hoc a cng. Trong qu trnh khi ng IOG 20, u tinphn mm s c truyn n a cng t nhiu a mm hoc t mt aquang.

Board CPU60 cha giao din hng v bus lin my tnh ICB. ICB l mt busEthernet. CPU60 cng cha giao din bus VME v giao din bus SCSI-2.


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Mai ThHng 60

RPV hoc RPV2 l n v giao din gia bus RP v SP. N truyn v nhn ccbn tin n v t CP. RPV thch ng vi bus RP song song, RPV bin i giaodin bus RP song song thnh giao din bus VME; cn RPV2 thch ng vi busRP ni tip, RPV2 bin i giao din bus RP ni tip thnh giao din bus VME.

N bao gm mt vi x l c bn M68360, b nh chnh v phn mm lu trongPROM. Phn mm c lu tr trn a cng v c ti xung RPV/RPV2 lcbt ngun.RPV c thc hin trn cc board PROVME v DRPBU, cn RPV2 c thchin trong board RPV2. IOG 20B-P c cu hnh vi RPV, cn IOG 20B vIOG 20C c cu hnh vi RPV2.

3) Phn mm ca SPS.

Chc nng phn mm SPS l: Thc thi h thng, qun l phn cng SP, chcnng np, thng tin node, thng k SP, thng tin CP-SP, chc nng bo dng,ghi li cc s kin SPS, qun l d liu trao i SP, chc nng thay i SP vx l module phn mm SP, h thng d tm SP, nht k khi ng li SP, x l

tham s h thng SP v sao chp d phng (dump) hai b x l SP.Phn mm SPS c trong cc b x l CP, SP v RPV/RPV2.

Trong SP, cc khi chc nng ca tt c h thng con c chia thnh cc nv phn mm gi l cc module. Cc module c vit bng ngn ng cpcao EriPascal vi thi gian thc. Phn mm CP c vit bng ngn ng PLEX-C hoc ASA 210C. Phn mm RPV/RPV2 c vit bng ngn ng C.

Hiu hnh trong SP c tn l EriOS v trong RPV l OSE (Operating SystemEnvironment).

Nh cp, SPS cha hiu hnh ca SP v phn mm cho x l thng

tin CP-SP, bo dng cc node v cc ng lin kt v nhiu chc nng hotng khc ca SPS.

4) Thng tin CP-SP: tun theo m hnh OSI cho thng tin d liu. CP xem cc RPVnh cc RP v chn 1 khi gi tn hiu n mt khi chc nng trong SP.

Bnh thng CP theo ng trc tip qua RPV, hoc RPV2, trong EX-node,nhng cng c th truy xut vo node ny thng qua RPV khc trn ICB nu cnthit, mt RPV b kha hoc b c lp trong EX-node l v d cho trng hpny. SP c cng ng thng tin trong hng ngc li.

CP c th thng tin vi c hai node trong mt SPG, nhng phn ln cc chcnng c thit k thng tin vi executive EX-node.

III. WinFIOL v Alex

WinFIOL l 1 chng trnh c thit k cho vic ci t, kim tra, bo dng bao gm nhiu knh thng tin c th m cng lc, trnh bin tp cc mnh cho cclnh v tp tin lu tr, ngn ng script v macro

WinFIOL kt hp vi Alex cho php tra cu cc th tc, cc OPI lin quan n qutrnh khai bo, vn hnh, bo dng cng nh x l cc s c xy ra trong qutrnh khai thc.


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Mai ThHng 61

Alex l chng trnh h tr, cho php m cc Alex Library h tr tra cu cccu trc lnh, cc OPI (Operation Instruction) vn hnh bo dng cc h thngc cung cp bi Ericsson.

Alex Library bao gm 13 module:

- A-module: tng quan v th vin.

- B-module: vn hnh bo dng (OPI, m t lnh, ng dng).

- C-module: m t tng i (phn cng, cp).

- D-module: tng qut v m t cc khi chc nng, h thng con.

- E-module: ti liu phn mm (source, code assembly).

- F-module: ti liu phn cng (s mch, magazine).

- G-module: hng dn lp t.

- H-module: hng dn kim tra ci t.

- I-module: cu trc danh sch cc lnh trong qu trnh khai bo tng i.

- K-module: ti liu v cung cp ngun.

- M-module: thng tin bo hiu lin kt mng.

- S-module: xc nh li phn mm.- T-module: cc bn v/sa cha phn mm trung tm.

- U-module: m t cc vic lm vn hnh thng xuyn, gim st, sa li

IV. Cu trc lnh trong AXE


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Mai ThHng 62

Phn ln cc lnh trong AXE gm 5 k t c dng XXYYZ. Cc k t ny cnhm thnh 3 nhm d nh v d hc lnh. Hai k tu XX chth nhm chcnng (function group), ngha l tt c cc lnh c lin quan n cng nhm chcnng u bt u vi cng 2 k t ny. Hai k t k YY cho bit chc nng s thchin trong nhm. K t cui Z chth loi nhim v, hnh ng s thc hin.

V d:DTSTP : DIGITAL PATH, STATE, PRINT (xem trng thi trung k).

DTBLI : DIGITAL PATH, BLOCKING, INITIATE (kha trung k).

Lu : khng phi k t no cng c ngha ging nhau trong mi lnh, v vy cns dng ALEX tra cu trc khi s dng:

V d: SYBUP: SYSTEM FUNCTIONS, BACKUP INFORMATION OUTPUT,PUNCH (sao lu h thng)

Trong mt s lnh khng c tham s hoc c nhng tham s bt buc v nhngtham s ty chn. Tham s c th khng cha gi tr hoc c gi tr chth mt chcnng bao hm trong . Trong nhiu trng hp, gi tr tham s yu cu xc nhr, v d mt thit b (device) hoc mt tuyn (route), bng vic s dng cc k t&- v &&-, n cho php lp li cc gi tr tham s.

V d:

- Chc tham s : NOP,

- Mt gi tr tham s : TIME=0815,

- Hai gi tr tham s : DEV=LIV5G-6&-125 (6 v 125).

- Mt chui gi tr tham s : DEV=LIV5G-6&&-10 (6,7,8,9,10).

- Tt c cc gi tr tham s : DEV=ALL,


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Mai ThHng 63

Chng 6:Phn cng

I. Gii thiu

Cu trc c kh ca h thng AXE da trn nn cc h thng gi hoc cu trcBYB. Cu trc BYB cho php linh ng cao v gp phn n gin cho vic thitk, lp t, ch to,

Thit b AXE c lp trong t cabinet vi cc subrack hoc magazine v cc bomch in PCB (Printed Circuit Board).

C 2 kiu cu trc chnh: BYB 202 v mi nht l BYB 501.

c im chnh ca BYB 501:

- Ph hp vi cc tiu chun quc t.

- H thng lm mt bng vic i lu t nhin bt buc ca cc qut thi.- Subrack ca cc nh ch to khc hoc cc kch thc khc nhau u c th

gn vo BYB 501.

- Lp t cp n gin.

1) Tiu chun:

BYB 501 p ng y cc tiu chun ca IEC (International ElectrotechnicalCommission) v ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institude), ngngha vi vic BYB 501 p ng tiu chun cc nh cung cp khc ngoiEricsson.

BYB 501 p ng S tng thch in t (Electromagnetic Compatibility: EMC)v bo v phng tnh in (Electrostatic Discharge: ESD).

2) M hnh lp t:


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Mai ThHng 64

3) Lm mt: thit k cabinet cho php lm mt bng i lu t nhin (parallelcooling) hoc i lu bt buc s dng qut (serial cooling).

4) Thit bt ngoi tri (Outdoor): p ng cc khu vc c dung lng thubao nh hoc khng c nh trm lp t.

Kch thc: Cao 1600 x Rng 1512 x Su 783 mm.

5) Subrack: thit b AXE c hnh thnh bi cc subrack c gn cc bo mch PCBhay cn gi l Plug-in Unit (PIU). Mi subrack u c gn nhn chchnh xcv tr n c lp. C nhiu loi subrack ph hp cc nhu cu khc nhau. 1subrack tiu chun c th lp 21 PIU vi khong cch 20mm. Nhiu loi PIUkhc nhau c th lp vo cng subrack.


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Mai ThHng 65

6) Cabling: thng thng cp kt ni trc tip t mt trc ca PIU, vi h thngcn m rng th cp c u ni t mt lng ca subrack.

Cp c chia thnh 3 nhm chnh: cp bus, cp tn hiu v cp ngun. Cpbus v tn hiu nh cp d liu, dng truyn tn hiu gia cc khi khc nhaunh gia CP v RP, c th dng cp ng trc, cp quang hoc 1 si cp

xon i. Cp ngun dng phn phi ngun DC -48V cho subrack.II. H thng ngun v phn phi

Hu ht phn cng AXE s dng ngun DC 3,3V.

Phn ln thit b vin thng s dng ngun DC, trong trng hp ngun b li ththit b vn tip tc hot ng nh ngun in d phng t Accu.

Rectifier dng chuyn i ngun AC sang DC -48V phn phi vo:

- i in p (DC/DC) trong magazine hay subrack, i sang in p yu cuca PCB.

- Nghch lu (DC/AC): chuyn i DC -48V sang AC 220V dng cho cc thit bvn hnh nh PC hay my in.


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Mai ThHng 66

Chng 7:Thit b truy nhp

I. Gii thiu

1) Tng quan:

a) Mng truy nhp: l h thng nm gia tng i v ngi dng nhm thayth 1 phn hay ton b mng ni ht. Mng truy nhp h tr cung cp nhiu

loi dch v nh PSTN, ISDN (BA, PRA), Giao din V5 l 1 giao din tiu chun m v dng kt ni tng i ti ccthit b truy nhp khc nhau bng cc ng E1 2048 kb/s. C PSTN vISDN-BA u c thc kt ni v cung cp trong cng 1 giao din V5.

AXE h tr c giao din V5.1 v V5.2 Single Link. So vi V5.1 th V5.2 cngc th x l tp trung lu lng trong mng truy nhp.

ETSI pht trin 1 s giao thc tiu chun dng kt ni tng i vi thitb truy nhp l b giao din V5 gm 2 giao din khc nhau:

- V5.1: dng cho vic ghp kt ni tiu chun 32 knh trong ng 2048

kb/s vo tng i. B ghp khng tp trung lu lng m chn gin ktni cnh 1 thu bao vo khe thi gian s trong ng 2048 kb/s.

- V5.2: dng nh b tp trung tp trung lu lng c thn tng i, nkt ni nhiu thu bao v tp trung lu lng trong vi ng E1.

b) Giao thc V5.2: dng kt ni thit b truy nhp n tng i ca bt k nhcung cp no.

Trong 1 giao din V5.2, c ti a 16 E1 c thc kt ni, trong E1 utin gi l Primary Link, E1 th 2 l Secondary Link. TS16 ca 2 E1 u tinc s dng lm knh bo hiu, knh bo hiu ca ng Secondary lmnhim v bo v cho knh trn ng Primary. Ngoi ra TS15, TS16, TS31cn li trn cc E1 u c th s dng lm knh bo hiu ph (h tr mang 5

giao thc V5.2: Control, PSTN, Link-Control, Protection, BCC: Bearer ChannelConnection).

2) Thit b truy nhp Ericsson:MACCG (Multiple ACCess Group) hay EMG (Extension Module Group) l 1 thitb truy nhp POTS ca Ericsson sn xut, chdng u ni vi tng i ca


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Mai ThHng 67

Ericsson, c pht trin trn nn V5.1 v V5.2 local. Version trc caMACCG l Access 910 (cn gi l EAR: Engine Access Ramp), i mi nht lASM (Access Switch Module).

ASM l khi trung gian kt ni thu bao n tng i. Mt MACCG bao gmti a 4 subrack ASM gn trong 1 t BYB 501. Trong , 1 khung ASM bao gmnhng card truy cp ng dy thu bao AU, card chuyn mch, iu khin vbo dng ng dy.

Mt khung ASM c th kt ni 540 ng dy thu bao PSTN, bao gm 18 cardAUP42 (Access Unit for PSTN), 1 card AUS2 (Access Unit Switch), 1 card AUS-C2 (AUS-Connection), 1 card TAU-C2 (TAU-Connection), ring khung u tin(trong 4 khung) ca ASM ch c 17 card AUP42 v c thm 1 card TAU2 (Testand Administration Unit).


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Mai ThHng 68

Chc nng ca cc loi card:

- AUS2: c chc nng tp trung, ghp knh v chuyn mch di siukhin t software trong tng i. AUS2 bao gm 1 ma trn chuyn mch thigian 1k, b gi tone, b thu DTMF, xung clock ng b

- AUS-C2: l 1 card c chc nng lm giao din kt ni cho AUS2, lung trungk t tng i n ASM cng c kt ni ti y.


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Mai ThHng 69

- TAU2: c chc nng qun l, cu hnh, bo dng, kim tra, sa li mchv ng dy thu bao, np software cho cc card khc trong ASM.

- TAU-C2: c iu khin bi TAU2, l 1 card c chc nng lm giao dinkt ni cho TAU2 kim tra v qun l, n cng lm chc nng phn phingun.

- AUP42: l card thu bao PSTN, gm cc chc nng: Ngun Battery.

Bo v qu p Overvoltage protection.

Chung Ringing.

Gim st (nhc my v gc my) Supervision.

M ha (chuyn tng t sang s) Codec.

Hybrid (chuyn t 2 dy thnh 4 dy).

Test (kim tra mch v ng dy thu bao).Mi card AUP42 gm c 30 mch thu bao m ti lu lng v tn hiuc ghp chung trong cc lung E1 truyn n card AUS2. Tn hiu thoic truyn trn 30 khe thi gian theo giao thc iu khin v bo hiung AU-V5.1 trn knh C.

II. Cu trc ASM

Cc ng 2Mb/s kt ni gia AU v AUS hu ht dng cho lu lng. Bo hiuAU-V5.1 (knh C) l knh bo hiu V5.1 gia AU v AUS, trong TS16 c


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Mai ThHng 70

dng cho bo hiu ny. Ph thuc vo lu lng th 1 s knh C t cc AU ctp trung trong AUS trc khi c truyn i trn 1 TS t mi AUS n AXE.

Thng tin gia tng i v TAU c kt ni trn 1 khe thi gian TS thng quaAUS. N mang cc giao thc cho mc ch vn hnh bo dng. TAU cng baogm vic bo dng cho tt c cc card AU v nhng card khc trong node thngqua bus ACOM v LCOM.

Mi AUS c APZ xem nh 1 Extension Module (EM).

Trong tng i AXE th cc bo hiu c thc thi bi RPG, mi RPG c th x l30 bo hiu (mi RPG chnh ngha s dng vi 1 giao thc, ngha l 1 loi chcnng c s dng). Cc RPG trong 1 giao thc u c ch d phng (1:n) chophp t chuyn khi c li.

III. Giao din kt ni ASM

1) EMRP-ring v Mesh network: thc hin bi cp kt ni gia cc AUS, tt c ccAUS trong EMG u lin kt vi nhau bng cc ng E1.

EMRP-ring mang cc bo hiu gia cc phn iu khin (EMRP) lin quan EM.EMRP-ring xy dng trn 1 kin trc vng m cc AUS s kt ni song hngtheo nguyn tc d phng. Khi c ngt mch xy ra gia 2 AUS, thng tin sc truyn trn hng d phng.

Mc khc lu lng gia cc AUS trong EMG truyn trong Mesh network, cngs dng cc E1. Mesh network kt ni tng AUS n tt c cc AUS khc theokt ni im im, n x l cc lu lng ni b, trn lu lng v lu lngkhn cp (trong chc nng SAH: Stand Alone Handler) bn trong ASM.

2) Kt ni AUS-AU: bng 1 E1 mang lu lng v bo hiu, s dng giao thcbo hiu AU-V5.1, mt lng (backplane) gia cc AU v AUS.


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Mai ThHng 71

3) ng b: song song vi EMRP-ring th 1 kiu lin kt khc cng bao gm lduplicated SYNC-ring, n l kt ni vt l c lp vi EMRP-ring lm nhim vng b gia cc AUS. SYNC-ring cng hot ng song hng nhm d phngnh EMRP-ring.

4) O&M:

a) K

t n

i AUS-TAU: 1

ng E1 trn backplane c

a ASM t

AUS2

n TAU2trn cng subrack mang bo hiu O&M. Bo hiu O&M dng giao thc bodng ring.


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Mai ThHng 72

b) ACOM (Communication bus (RS485) between TAU and AU) bus: l ngthng tin chnh gia TAU2 v AU.

C 2 ACOM bus: ACOM_0 v ACOM_1 xut pht t TAU2 i n mi subrackbng cp kt ni n mi TAU-C2, bus tip tc kt ni bng backplane casubrack n tt c AU trong subrack . N l serial bus theo chun RS-485hot ng bn song cng (half duplex).

c) LCOM bus: l ng thng tin chnh gia TAU2, TAU-C2 v AUS-C2.

C 2 LCOM bus: LCOM_0 v LCOM_1 xut pht t TAU2 i n mi subrackbng cp kt ni n mi TAU-C2, bus tip tc kt ni bng backplane casubrack n AUS-C2 trong subrack . N l serial bus theo chun RS-485hot ng bn song cng (half duplex).


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Mai ThHng 73

d) Test Access bus: l kt ni analog test, bus kt ni thit bo trn TAU2 hocthit bo bn ngoi n AU. Thng qua TAU-C2 v backplane m bus kt nin tt c AU trong ASM, nh m 1 card TAU2 c thiu khin, gim sttt c cc bo v ng dy thu bao trong ASM.


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Mai ThHng 74

5) Kt ni bn ngoi: 1 cabinet ASM c th kt ni ti a 20 E1 n tng i. 1 viE1 trn ASM cng c th khai bo thnh ISDN/PRA. E1 u tin trong subrackth 1 (EM-0) v th 2 (EM-1) c th mang bo hiu iu khin trn TS16 giatng i v EMG (bo hiu STC-STR), n cng mang ngun ng bn EMG.

V.24 (RS-232)/Typewriter c th kt ni LCT nh lnh AXE.

6) ng b ngoi OSI/ISI: ISI kt ni tn hiu ng b ngoi 2049kHz vo ng

b cho ASM, OSI a ra tn hiu 2048kHz cho cc thit b ngoi cn ngun ngb.


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Chng 8:Vn hnh bo dng c bn

I. Gii thiu

Hot ng vn hnh thng thng bt u t nhu cu cng vic, xut pht t vicqun tr h thng hoc nhu cu ca khch hng. Nhim v ca ngi vn hnh lthc hin cc thay i trong tng i p ng cc yu cu mi. Qu trnh thc

hin phi theo cc trnh t th tc c m t trong B-module, v giao tip vi tngi thng qua h thng giao tip vo ra.

V d v vn hnh: thay i d liu thu bao (khi to thu bao mi, kch hot dchv, ), thay i d liu nh tuyn, ghi nhn cc thng k (lu lng, cc, ).

II. Cc bng phn tch

1) Cc khi nim:

a) Phn nhnh (Branching): c s dng bi 2 l do chnh:

- Khi cch x l 1 thu bao khc vi nhng thu bao cn li trong tng i,hoc nhng thu bao thc hin cuc gi qu giang qua tng i s x lkhc vi nhng thu bao ca tng i qun l.

Vd: thu bao c dch vc bit, c u tin

- Khi kt qu t bng phn tch bnh hng bi nhng thng s khc.

Vd: u tin nh tuyn cuc gi transit thng qua tng i.

b) Vng OP (OPerating) va NOP (Non-OPerating): hu ht cc chc nng phntch x l lu lng trong AXE u c 2 bng (table) c s dng cho


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mi bng phn tch: 1 bng dng trong phn tch thc t (OP) v 1 dng chovic thay i (NOP).

Mc ch:

- Cc d liu mi khi a vo NOP c th kim tra, thay i trc khi avo thc t.

- Khi d liu phn tch thay i th d liu c c thc gi trong trng thic bo v 24 gi, nhm quay li khi d liu mi c li.

- Thay i trong NOP c th thc hin trong khi lu lng hot ng bnhthng, cc thay i nguy him cng khng lm nh hng.

2) Phn tch nh tuyn (RA: Route Analysis): c thc hin bi phn mm trungtm bi block RA, v kt hp vi block RE (Register).

Nhim v ca phn tch nh tuyn l tm chnh xc hng i ca cuc gi n 1tng i khc t thu bao ca tng i qun l hoc cuc gi qu giang (transit).

Lu : c 3 loi route c bn trong tng i l: External Route (route n tng

i khc), Internal Route (route n Code Sender, Announcement ), SoftwareRoute (route n dch v thu bao, route thanh ghi ):


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V d v khai bo nh tuyn trong cc tng i s dng phn nhnh (O:Outgoing, I: Incoming):

- Cuc gi t A qua B c 2 ng i: trc tip A => B (tn route l ABO) hoc

thng qua T n B (ATO).- Cuc gi t D qua B c 2 ng i: trc tip D => B hoc qua A.

Trong tng i A phi khai bo bo m cuc gi t D => B ch c thihng ABO m khng thi theo hng ATO (mc nh RO=0).

ng thi A phi thay i thng s RO=1 trong incoming route ADI (EXRBC).

Sending Program (SP): l thng s trong phn tch nh tuyn, cho php thchin vic chun b knh cho cuc gi v cch thc gi s sang tng i khc.Kt hp vi B-number Type (BNT: 1 s quc t, 3 s thu bao hoc ni ht,4 s quc gia) p ng cc quy nh ca vic gi s trong mng.


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3) Phn tch s B (B-number Analysis): nhm xc nh thu bao b gi B kt cuicuc gi hoc tm ng i n tng i qun l B. Thc t l tm c RC(Routing Case) v CC (Charging Case) cng nh chiu di s thu bao b gi B.

Cc k tc bit * v # c s dng kch hot hoc hy kch hot dch v.Trong bng phn tch s B th * l #11 v # l #12.

Bng phn tch s B khai bo trong tng i A:

4) Phn tch EOS (End Of Selection Analysis): thng thng khi cuc gi honthnh vic thit lp th tn hiu chung c gi n thu bao B. Tuy nhin qutrnh thit lp cuc gi c th xy ra vi tnh hung nh: li k thut trn ngtruyn, nghn mng, thu bao B c dch vnh hng n cuc gi (t chi,

vng nh) hoc bn myTrong chc nng EOS Analysis ca h thng AXE, c 2 cch x l tnh hungny: gi tn hiu (tone) ngc li cho thu bao (tone bn, nghn) hoc gi cu


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thng bo (announcement). Vic ny c quyt nh bi ngi qun tr v cth thay i bi lnh.

III. Tnh cc (Charging)

1) Gii thiu: h thng con tnh cc CHS (CHarging Subsystem) ch gm phn

mm trung tm, cha chc nng tnh cc tt c cc kiu cuc gi cng nhthng k v thng tin cho ngi vn hnh, bao gm: chc nng tnh cc cbn, dch v tnh cc, tnh ton.

Vic tnh cc c xc nh da trn khong cch cuc gi, dch v thu bao,kt qu cuc gi (thnh cng hay khng),

2) Phng php: hin nay vic tnh cc cuc gi v dch v cng thm c ara cc h thng Billing bn ngoi x l nhm tng tnh linh ng, chnh xccng nh tch hp vi cc chng trnh thng k v in ra ha n thng bo,nhim v ca tng i l ghi nhn cc thng tin cn thit cho vic x l ca hthng Billing (s ch gi, b gi, thi gian bt u cuc gi, duration, ). Cng vl do m phng php ghi cc chi tit TT c s dng rng ri.

a) o xung (PM: Pulse Metering): c 2 phng php chnh l: nguyn lKarlsson v nguyn l Karlsson bin i (tn 1 nh pht minh Phn Lan).

tong dai chuyen mach 2010

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