trachea e polmone
DESCRIPTION
Riassunto apparato respiratorioTRANSCRIPT
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TRACHEA e
BRONCHI PRINCIPALI
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TRACHEA
canale mediano
inizia nel collo termina nel torace
da C6 a T4/5 (variazioni con l’età)
mobile, segue la laringe
nella deglutizione
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cartilagini della
laringe trachea bronchi
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La trachea si biforca nei 2 bronchi principali (primari),
destro e sinistro a livello di T4/5
(angolo sternale di Louis).
Dai bronchi principali si forma l’albero bronchiale.
3 bronchi lobari a destra superiore, medio, inferiore
2 bronchi lobari a sinistra
superiore e inferiore
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IL BRONCO PRINCIPALE DESTRO
ha calibro maggiore è più corto
è più verticale del bronco principale sinistro
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BRONCHI SEGMENTALI
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Nelle successive ramificazioni
progressiva riduzione cartilagine
aumento tessuto elastico e muscolare
epitelio più basso
riduzione e poi scomparsa delle ghiandole (comprese le caliciformi mucipare)
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POLMONI e
PLEURE
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cavità pleuriche
pressione negativa
Scissure e
lobi
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Thoracic Cavity, Pleurae and Pleural Cavity
The parietal pleura has four named parts:
Costal pleura lining the internal surface of the thoracic wall Mediastinal pleura covering the sides of the mediastinum Diaphragmatic pleura covering the superior surface of the dome of each hemidiaphragm Cervical pleura —a dome of pleura extending superiorly into the superior thoracic aperture
Visceral pleura does not have any general sensory innervation and is insensitive to pain The parietal pleura is very sensitive to pain (sensory supply by branches of the intercostal and phrenic nerves ) Pleural cavity : potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura containing a thin layer of serous pleural fluid, which lubricates and allows the pleurae to move smoothly over each other during respiration.
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Apice - base - faccia costodiaframmatica - faccia mediastinica
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Faccia medistinica ILO
ILO Bronchi principali
Arterie e vene polmonari Arterie e vene bronchiali
Linfatici e nervi
PEDUNCOLO POLMONARE
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DX
SIN aorta
Cuore
Vena cava sup
esofago
Scissura obliqua
Scissura obliqua e orizzontale
DX
SIN
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lingula.
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POLMONI
Lobi
Segmenti (o zone)
Lobuli
Acini
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Lobi
Segmenti (o zone)
Lobuli
Acini
Bronchi lobari
Bronchi Segmentali
Bronchi Lobulari (~1mm)
Bronchioli intralobulari
Bronchioli terminali
Bronchioli respiratori
RAMIFICAZIONE BRONCHIALE
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ACINO POLMONARE
Insieme delle ramificazioni, provviste di alveoli polmonari,
che originano da un bronchiolo terminale
IN OGNI ACINO 500-2000 ALVEOLI
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Arterie bronchiali e arterie polmonari
Alveoli polmonari
EPITELIO PAVIMENTOSO SEMPLICE (pneumociti di 1° e 2° tipo (surfactante))
+ macrofagi
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parete alveolare =
BARRIERA ARIA-SANGUE Spessore=0,2-2 µ
epitelio alveolare
Lamine basali di epitelio + endotelio
(spesso fuse)
endotelio capillare
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