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Special Feature: Waste Management

Focus City: Mumbai

Green Pages: Reliance gets ADBs suppo

Poliy 02n Gree Pges 12 nWter 22 n Eergy 23 n Fie 24 n Trsport 25 n Rel Estte 26 n Housig 27n Sfety 28 n E-Gov 29n Evets 28

Q. How successul has the JNNURM

been in achieving its objectives?

We can call it a success, though

the glass was not ull, i.e. some

o the cities did not reach the

expected levels. It must be noted

that JNNURM was the rst major

intervention by the government in

urban development. Its uniqueness

lay in linking ederal grants to

reorms in governance.

Reduction in the rates o stamp

duties, adoption o modern

a c c ount ing p r inc ip les b y

municipalities, delegation o

powers and unctions o the

municipalities by the States in

line with Constitutional intent,

reorms in rent control and land

ceiling laws, mandating that

municipalities improve their

resource base by achieving higher

levels o realisation rom property

taxes and user charges and

preparation o City Development

Plans are some o the core reorms

successully achieved by over

hal the cities covered under the

programme.

Q. Were the reorms consistent

with implementing the 74th

Constitutional Amendment Act

1992, in strengthening urban local

bodies as a strong third tier o

governance?

The 74th Amendment calls upon

States to endow the municipalities

with adequate powers and

responsibilities to make them

eective institutions o local

governance. States have oten

hesitated rom proceeding ast

on this score, mainly due to a

major lack o capacity within the

local bodies to handle enhanced

responsibilities.

This was however abetted by the

general reluctance o many States

in transerring powers to the lower

tiers o government, namely, the

municipalities.

JNNURM aimed at addressing the

two parts o the problem together

- by incorporating the issue o

delegation o powers rom the

States to the municipalities and

enhancing the capacities o the local

bodies, as part o the programme

package.

It provided nancial assistance to

the States and the local bodies to

undertake documentation o good

practices, exchange o ideas among

the peer group, strengthening

the training institutions and

providing training to the elected

representatives and unctionaries.

At the same time, the JNNURM

made it mandatory or States to

commit to empower the municipal

bodies adequately, in line with

the 74th Amendment and also to

commit to bring about undamental

reorms, which lay in the domain

o the State Governments and on

which the municipal bodies had

no control, such as introducing

an arrangement o clear and

enorceable titles or properties.

contd. on page 06...

JNNURM : ReportCard and Road MapJNNURM was launched in 2005 with much anare, and with even greaterexpectations; it was acclaimed as the tool that would help change the urbaninrastructure landscape o the country. Having run its course or sevenyears, it is time now to assess how ar JNNURM has achieved its objectives.As the policy makers give fnal touches to the Phase II o the Mission, whichis expected to roll out this year, there is a lot o anticipation about the newvision, and the enlarged scope.Dr Sdhir Krish, Secretary, Ministry o Urban Development, Governmento India, in an exclusive chat with UND, looks back at the report card oJNNURM Phase I, and gives a brie preview o Phase II o the programme.

Being the irst reorms-linked project, the

mismatch between the

achievement o reorms

and progress o

implementation o the

projects created some

complications. On the

other hand, governance

reorms could not possibly

have been achieved to the

extent they did, but or

JNNURM.

`50 / uS $5 May 2012Vlme I l Isse 3 www.rewsdigest.i

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Ater the House Listing and

Housing Census 2011 revealed

that open deecation is still

prevalent in about 50 percent

o households, Tamil Nadu

is planning to make the state

deecation ree by 2015, a scheme

to construct 1,769 common toilets

and improve 2,484 common

toilets at a cost o about R19.83

crore was implemented. For

the current year, R50 crore has

been set apart . While releasing

the State governments Vision

2023 document, Chie Minister

Jayalal itha a ree rred to her

vision o providing piped and

pressurised water to all citizens,

and ensuring that they had

access to sae sanitation.

policy

Proprietors may soon have to pay

tax on their vacant lands. To check

large-scale hoarding o land,

and also to generate resources,

the government is consi

vacant land tax.

The proposal has been su

keeping in mind the

many developers bu

and leave it alone, ex

prices to escalate. The P

Commission steerin

has proposed that the

should be based on

reckoner capital value, a

be charged at 0.5 perce

total value. Vacant gov

land has also been inc

this proposal. While st

Andhra Pradesh and Tam

are already collecting su

other states like Punjab a

are pondering over the m

Punjab government will soon

be set tin g up a Sta te Urba n

Development Mission (SUDM)

to direct policy and programme

o r m u l a t i o n o r o v e r a l l

development o all the cities. Under

SUDM, Punjab will be spending

R8,635 crore over the next three

years to provide basic amenities

like water, road, sewage, housing

etc to urban poor. Punjab Chie

Minister, Prakash Singh Badal,

said that over R1,470 crore has

already been spent on development

projects in 81 cities. We are hopeul

o coming up with a development

scheme or the remaining 60 cities

as well, Badal added. Additionally,

Badal has communicated that all

municipalities are to be given

powers to carry out work as per

given statutes.

Tax on vacant lanTN tackles opendeecation

Urban development on

ast track in Punjab

India and Germany have signed

a joint declaration in the eld o

urban sustainable development.

Stressing upon the challenges

and opportunities in the urban

sector, Minister o Urban

Development, Kamal Nath,

said that with an allocation o

around $40 billion over the

12th Five Year Plan period, the

government is itching to kick

start the next phase o the Urban

Renewal Mission.

The Joint Declaration

will promote discuss

envisage strategies on in

policies and principles o

development and revit

in the two countrie

ostering air, equita

sustainable urban comm

in the two countries

with reinorcing the id

democratic society wit

opportunity or all. The

work under this declara

be jointly led by the Mi

Urban Development o I

Ministry o Transport, B

and Urban Developme

Federal Republic o Ger

India, Germany to foste

sustainable strategiesUrbanisation holds the key or speedy development o the country.

While a lot o individuals and institutions are available to participate

in driving the pace o urbanisation, there is need or orums to enable

exchange o inormation and ideas among the stakeholders. Urban

News Digest (UND) seems to be acilitating this need very well.

I am happy to receive a copy o the UND, April 2012 issue and had

received the March 2012 issue earlier. The quality and spread o

contents are appreciable. I am also happy to learn that UND is reaching

large number o municipalities at their doorsteps.

It would enhance the popularity o the UND i a ew pages are dedicated

to regional languages.

Even in the present orm, the UND itsel is a valuable messenger o

news and views on urban afairs, or which i compliment you and the

editorial and managerial team.

With regards,

Yours sincerely,

Sudhir Krishna

Dated: April 18, 2012

Chairman and

Managing Director

Sanjiv Agarwal

Executive Director

Finance

Rajiv Agarwal

Executive Director

Marketing

Gazanar Ibrahim

Publishing Director

Santosh Goenka

Executive Director

Publishing

Harsh Agarwal

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Amit Kumar

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Tanushree Banerjee

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Raj Kapoor Singh

R Mahesh

Azmin Irani

Project Managers

YC Anil

Sandeep Trivedi

Anant Kumar

Assistant Managers

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Ambalika G. Chowdhury

Nidhi Gandhi

Neha Sharma

Project Executive

Preethi Kyanam

Media Director

June Mukherjee

Manager New Media

Projects

Debasree Banerjee

Design Executive

Shipra Sharma

Design Team

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Operations

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Volume I - Issue 3

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Letter frm the desk f Dr Sdhir Krish,SEcRETaRy, MInISTRy oF uRban DEVELoPMEnT, GoVT oF InDIa

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The National Association o Street

Vendors o India (NASVI) in Assam

has urged the state government to

rame rules to implement a national

policy or the vendors. Even ater

eight years o the genesis o the

National Policy or Urban Street

Vendors, the state government has

still not drated the rules.

The national policy mandated

constitution o town-vending

committees at the city level with

40 percent representation o street

vendors, which is still a long way

o or Assam. Guwahati itsel has

about 45,000 street vendors.

3 PoLIcy May 2012 - URBAN NEW

West Bengal government has

decided to bring in an amendment

to the Urban Land (Ceiling and

Regulation) Act (ULCA) 1976,

next week, wherein all developers

will have to reserve 30 percent

o apartments in big housing

projects or the Lower Income

Group (LIG). According to the

Act, the ceiling limit on vacant

land in a category A city like

Kolkata is about 500 sq mtrs. The

move is seen as the dampener or

the already sluggish real estate

market. Conederation

Estate Developers Assoc

India is now set to hold a

with the government,

that no more than 15 pe

the reservation is possib

LIG segment.

Coimbatore is ready or the

second phase o the Jawaharlal

N ehr u N a t iona l U r b a n

Renewal Mission (JNNURM).

In this phase, the city

corporation aims to restore

eight water bodies, provide

round-the-clock pressurised

water supply and renovate

the Sanganoor canal. Reports

o the three projects have

already been sent to Tamil

Nadu Urban Finance and

Inrastructure Development

C o r p o r a t i o n L i m i t e d

(TUFIDCO) or an initial

review.

According to estimates,

the restoration o eight lakes

would costR134 crore; 24-hour

pressurised water supply

scheme, R595 crore; and the

Sanganoor canal project, R32

crore.

Bengals tug o war over LIG segme

Policy saeguardor Assam vendors

JNNURM - II takeso in Coimbatore

MuST KnoW

T set u an IT ark near the

Lucknw airrt, the Luckn

Industrial Deelment Aut

has receied er 351 r

The rcess alltment w

sn be cmleted and gru

wrk may start rm May.

Ga gernment has recns

the general bdy the Ga

Urban Deelment Agency

State Urban Deelment M

Francis DSuza, has been n

Chairman.

Under the Urban Inrastruct

Deelment Scheme,

Srierumbudur twn anch

Tamil Nadu will be deele

a satellite twn. Three rje

cering the cre sectrs

suly, undergrund sewer

slid waste management, w

taken u at a cst R101.37

Tamil Nadu gernment has

interest in imlementing the

Natinal Cmmn Mbility C

mnibus cashless trael car

card just needs t be swied

used acrss dierent mdes

transrt.

anSHuMan MaGaZInE, CBRE SOUTH ASIA

CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR,

SpEAKING AT AN EvENT oRGANISED BY CII

SHabbIR KancHWaLa

K RAHEJA CoRp vICE pRESIDENT (pRoJECT

CooRDINAToR)

Imlementatin inrastructure

rjects n time with cst and

quality being timal is ne the

biggest challenges. We are a

maturing ecnmy. Hence, it is

imrtant t lan, share ideas

and see hw rject

management can imre

quality inrastructure.

Eicient rject management

can ride the necessary skill

set and knwledge t augment

the urban liing inrastructure

n a sustainable mde.

Idstr experts elieve tht irstrtredevelpmet is t the l ke t hievesstile grwth, d tht the 12th Five yerPl shld ls s the eed r eetiveprjet mgemet.

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...contd. from page 1

Q. How does JNNURM I stack

up with regard to quantitative

perormance, i.e. utilisation anddisbursement o the projected

outlay, and the major impact areas?

Like any other programme,

JN NUR M too, ex pect ed th e

implementing entities, namely,

the parastatals and/ or the

municipalities, to adhere to the

timelines and cost estimates

approved while sanctioning the

project. To enorce discipline,

while recognising that the

project leadership role lay largely

with the State Governments,

the programme also ordained

that any cost escalation vis--

vis the approved DPR would

have to be unded entirely by the

State Government and/ or the

municipality concerned.

Phase-I o JNNURM has shown

mixed results.

A s a g a i n s t t h e C e n t r a l

Governments commitment o

releasing Rs 41,737.19 crore during

the Mission period (2005-2012) in

respect o 1,346 projects sanctioned

or 729 cities, the actual releases

were only Rs 26,619.61 crore, while

only 269 projects were inally

completed.We can interpret these details in

more than one way.

Being the irst reorms-linked

project, the mismatch between

the achievement o reorms and

progress o implementation

o the projects created some

complications.

On the other hand, governance

reorms could not possibly have

been achieved to the extent they

did, but or JNNURM.

Q. M miipl rprtis

d uLbs re llig ehid their

trgets JnnuRM I. Will give

them time t iish wrk erelltig ew ds?

We have given the municipal

bodies and States two additional

years, ending 31 March 2014, or

them to complete the ongoing

projects. As or the unachieved

reorms, we have retained 10

percent o the project cost, while

releasing the Central Governments

share, with an assurance to release

the same, as soon as the State/

Municipality concerned conrms

the achievement.

Q. nw tht Phse I is ver, wht

re the ew thrst res pled?

We are working on JNNURM-II.

Meanwhile, capitalising on the

achievement and awareness

generated in respect to governance

reorms and the need to achieve

the benchmarked service levels,

owing largely to JNNURM-I,

we are proposing to work out

comprehensive city plans

with ocus on transit-oriented

development, completing the

bala nce reo rms. We ar e also

working on mobilising non-

budgetary inances or unding

urban inrastructure. That would

include municipal bonds, loans

rom banks and other inancial

institutions, rationalisation o user

charges and land related charges

such as FAR rates, development

charges etc. Enhancement o

coverage and collection o property

taxes will also get due attention.

Q. We derstd tht the mit

the Missi is eig expded.

Whih re the dditil thrst

res tht re gig t e vered?

While it would be premature

to announce the contours o

JNNURM-II at this stage, it can

denitely be stated that the capacity

building o the municipal bodies, byway o sta, equipment, processes

and training would need higher

attention. Further, cities would

need handholding to prepare

integrated city development and

land use plans. And these would

need to be extended to all the cities,

not limited to those receiving

project grants. Cities would

also be assisted to raise market

borrowings and rationalising their

own revenue bases.

Q. Will thse rprtis/uLbs

tht hve de well i the irst

phse, e rewrded i phse II?

We already have a system orecognising the cities that show

exemplary achievements in

provision o civic services.

However, that recognition is in the

orm o a public elicitation. As o

now, we expect the achievers to

have grown into a mature phase to

proceed urther, while ocusing on

the weaker cities. Having said that,

let me also clariy that achievers

get their installments o grants

released in time , while the laggards

lose out on the same as the budget

gets exhausted at some point in

each nancial year. That is a kind

o reward and punishment scheme.

Q. Hw re limte hge isses i

the r ilt evirmet eig

ddressed i the ext phse?

We have developed benchmarks

or sanitation, water supply, solid

waste management and will now

link them into the JNNURM. We

are also working on a NationalSustainable Habitat Mission,

which would provide handholding

support to the municipalities to help

them achieve the benchmarked

levels o services. A lot o climate

related issues are linked to urban

transport management.

We intend to support the cities

in improving their city transport

services as well as the city roads

and drainage systems.

Pr og r a m m es or c r ea t ing

awareness among the citizens

would also be pursued, to bring

about sustainability o the

programme implementation.

Q. Wht re the expeted tls i

the r develpmet setr

i the 12th Pl, d i Phse II?

The outlay or the JNNURM or

the 12th Plan period (2012-2017) is

yet to be nalised. We are seeking

the level o 0.25 percent o the GDP

as the yardstick or the inancial

support or the Mission. While we

expect a signiicant jump in the

budgetary outlays, the balance

would be secured rom non-

budgetary sources.Q. Wht rle will PPP/privte

ivestmet pl the resre

milisti rt i the ext phse

JnnuRM II?

Private investment, mainly

through the PPP route, holds the

key to speedy and sustainable

achievement o the objectives o

urban inrastructure reorms.

But we need to remember that

the strength o private investment

lies only in more eicient

implementation and management

o the inrastructure proj

that, the government sid

would include the con

municipality and/ or thgovernment, would need

a constructive role; oth

the private partner woul

able to survive. It would a

proper agreement doc

and clear-cut arrangem

periodic payments to the

partner. We have prepare

concession agreement do

which are expected to be

by the States.

Q. We derstd tht th

is strgl dvtig the

dedited miipl

the Sttes s eligiilit

r dig prgrmme

gig t e prt the m

rerms, d hw d

its implemetti the

We have been strongly ad

dedicated sta cadres w

municipalities. States hav

large, appreciated our pro

and many are in the pr

setting them up. But the

also linked with the capac

municipalities to meet ex

So, a careul balance is r

when designing sta cadr

The Ministry is workin

standard model, which

be dierent or munici

o dierent sizes. In rea

structure would vary ro

to State, as it would

on the extent o uncti

powers devolved on locaFurthermore, the cost o m

sta needs to be asse

the State Finance Com

(SFC), which is expected

a normative assessmen

shape and size o the ca

capacity o the municip

meet costs and recommen

State Government the qua

devolution rom the State

to the municipalities . The

would work with SFCs to

purpose.

interview

While it would be

premature to announce

the contours o JNNURM-II

at this stage, it can

deinitely be stated that

the capacity building o

the municipal bodies, by

way o sta, equipment,

processes and training

would need higher

attention. Further, cities

would need handholding

to prepare integrated city

development and land use

plans.

We have been stron

advocating dedicated

cadres with the

municipalities. States

by and large, appreci

our proposition and m

are in the process o se

them up.

We need to remember

that the strength o

private investment lies

only in more eicient

implementation and

management o the

inrastructure projects.

For that, the government

side, which would include

the contracteemunicipality and/ or the

State government, would

need to play a

constructive role;

otherwise the private

partner would not be able

to survive.

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focus city

The inrastructural challenges

acing Indias most populated

city are overpowering, butdespite sitting on massive

money resources , Mumbai is unable

to generate unds, even or basic

inrastructure and services required or

inclusive growth. Moreover, the authorities

have ailed to deliver on signicant projects

such as JNNURM.

While some conspicuous inrastructure

initiatives have been taken, including the

World Bank supported US $2 billion Mumbai

Urban Transport Project , these alone cannot

salvage the situation. According to a report

by real estate consultancy rm, Jones Lang

Lasalle, additional investments o about

R275 billion need to be pumped into the

citys inrastructure over the next ve yearsto ensure completion o the running and

scheduled projects.

In act, the Maharashtra government has

already decided to investR2,70,000 crore into

Mumbai over the next two decades. During

2012-13, the Brihanmumbai Municipal

Corporation (BMC) has planned concretised

roads, 24-hour clean water supply, zero

water logging, solid waste handling and

computerised services or citizens, among

other things.

The Maharashtra government also has

soughtR4000 crore as a viability gap unding

Wrlds frth mst ppls it. Wrlds 29th lrgestit. Rked i tp ities i the wrld rerdig fstestsiess grwth. Thts Mmi fr .Pitted gist this is the lk f prper implemettif prjets, fdig gps d filre t meetreqiremets fr sstile develpmet.unD gives verview the hlleges impedigstrtive d prgressive develpmet, d thevris rretive mesres eig tke t trsfrmMmi it lvele d livle it

As Mumbai grows,so do challenges

Description 2011 2001

Population 3,145,966 3,338,031

Male 1,711,650 1,878,246

Female 1,434,316 1,459,785

Population Growth -5.75% 5.14%

Area Sq. Km 157 157

Density/km2 20,038 21,261

Proportion to Maharashtra 2.80% 3.45%

Population

Mmi Demgrphis

The estimatedinvestment f US$ billin (R2,70,000crre) is based n a

transrtatin study cnducted byMMRDA. The ttal cst f the rjecmrising Metrrail and mnraicurrently undertaken by MMRDA isR26,000 crre- Prithvirj chv,CHIEF MINISTER, MAHARASHTRA

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or Mumbai Trans Harbour Link, which is

now being built by the Mumbai Metropolitan

Region Development Authority (MMRDA).

The total cost o the project is aroundR20,000

crore.

An overview o the various issues

impeding constructive and progressive

development, and the various corrective

measures being taken

Wterig dow the issuesWhile Mumbais daily water requirement

adds up to 4,200 million litres, BMC supplies

only 3,400 million litres daily. Although sixhuge lakes that supply water to Mumbai are

located near the catchment areas, yet the

water situation is precarious in many parts o

western Maharashtra; the levels have plunged

in many dams. According to state government

sources, the water level in the 2,400-odd dams

is down to 27 percent, as against 42 percent

last year. This is the lowest level in about ve

years. Moreover, Mumbais water stock in

the six lakes is down by more than 86,000

million litres this April, as compared to the

same period last year. According to the BMCs

hydraulic department, the total stock o water

in the six lakes is down to 407,000 million

litres, as against more than 493,000 million

litres last year.

I this doesnt serve as a wake-up call or

authorities and citizens alike, then surely

Mumbai is heading towards a severe water

crisis sooner than anticipated.

The government has proposed that

permissions or new buildings will not

be gran ted unle ss they have rainwater

harvesting acilities. The water level in the

states rivers and lakes has gone down. People

should use water sensibly. We will move a

proposal to ensure that not a single building

proposal gets clearance rom civic ocials

i it does not provide rainwater harvesting

acilities, said Laxman Dhoble, Minister -

Water Supply. Though authorities are keen

to address the water demand-supply gap,

however it is becoming a case o too little,

too late.

Trsh therpySadly, though the city has the capacity to

treat all the sewage generated in Mumbai

daily (1,700 million litres), almost 800 million

litres a day is discharged into the sea, without

any treatment, simply because the outlets

bypass the treatment plants. However, there

are plans to rectiy this. The second phase o

theR5,200 crore Mumbai Sewage Disposal

Project (MSDP) should be up and running

within a year. Says Rajiv Jalota, Additional

Municipal Commissioner, BMC, This was a

long overdue project and we are determined to

ast track it. Despite the stringent conditionsto qualiy, it is encouraging to see 13 irms

Prime Inra Projects in Mumbai since 2005 investment

(inRcrore)

Monorail 2,716

36 Skywalks 735

MUTP Phase II 5,300

MUIP 2,648Extended MUIP 1,550

7 FocuS cITy May 2012 - URBAN NEW

upmig Prjets

Pst Prjets

The hlleges

Almost 90 percent o Mumbais commuters use

public transport. A severe lack o investment

in transport inrastructure over the years has

stretched the citys suburban rail and bus net-

work to crisis levels.

Though most streets remain old, broken and

narrow, they are becoming terribly congested

with the rapidly rising number o cars. While the

citys major transport arteries lie along the nar-

row north-south peninsula, east-west road con-

nectivity in the transport system is quite poor.

Clogged routes, long travel times, and increased

transport saety risks are hindering the citys

escalating economic growth. With a popula-

tion already stretching well over 20 million or

the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and grow-

ing, the challenge o coping up with the cur-

rent demands and planning or the uture needs

remains ormidable.

The svir

The Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP)

hopes to improve rail and road transportation

in the trac-choked mega-city. Transport devel-

opment in a metropolitan is a complex, con-

tinuous, and long term process and given the

strength o Mumbais population, it is doubly so.

MUTP was thereore designed as a rst step to

urgently improve physical inrastructure in rail

and road transportation and strengthen insti-

tutional capacity. It also supports the equitable

resettlement and relocation o all those afected

by these inrastructure works.

Most o the money is to be spent on railway proj-

ects while less than a ourth o the money is to

be spent on road projects, the costliest o which

are estimated to be the Santa Cruz - Chembur

link road and the Jogeshwari - Vikhroli link road.

The rst stage, which began in 2007 and ended

last year, cost aroundR4,500 crore. Phase II is

expected to be completed by 2014 and costs an

estimatedR5,300 crore. MUTPs third

was ormalised on 8th December 2011 a

costR52,000 crore.

ahievemets S Fr

Rail: The project has already enabled

tant improvements in the rail system,

ing in major benets or the city. It has r

the travelling time or hundreds o tho

o rail passengers by more than ve m

on an average.

This was achieved mainly due to the in

in the number o trains during peak ho

about seven percent. Further crucial im

ments will result rom the completion

inrastructure capacity improvements t

starting and the delivery o 101 trains t

being purchased with unds rom the pr

Roads: Over 400 new buses out o t

envisaged have already been pressed i

vice by BEST, the citys transport authorit

than two thirds o Phase I o the Joges

Vikhroli Link Road is complete; work is i

ress on Phase II o the road, as well as on

I and II o the Santacruz-Chembur Lin

and six pedestrian underpasses. This wi

in signicant reduction o travel time o

East-West road links and improve trac

or pedestrians.

Frther develpmets

The State has laid special emphasis

projects o Phase III: the rst, a ast c

rom Chhattrapati Shivaji Terminal to Pa

expected to bring connectivity to the pro

international airport. The second is a ne

urban corridor between Virar and Panve

ing through Vasai and Diva Road. Phase

hopes to increase connectivity to hinterla

areas around Bhiwandi, and increases c

on the Harbour Line.

The Mmi ur Trsprt Prjet

Mkig diere

There are anumber oshortcomingsin Mumbai as

in any urban centre. Providinghousing to the citys growingpopulation is a majorchallenge- Sitrm Kte,MUNICIPAL COMMISSIONER, BMC

To be added Investment (in Rcrores)

MTHL 8,800

Worli Haji Ali Sea Link 1,120

Mumbai Metro - Charkop-Bandra-Mankhurd 8,250

Mumbai Metro - Colaba-Bandra Corridor 9,400

Total 27,570

VOICES

UND

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plying nly air-cnditined buses

wuld mean high ticket fares which

is why we

have decided

t first start regular bus

services and then deending

n the traffic, urchase busesbased n recmmendatins

by the BEST- Rhul asthMETRopoLITANCOMMISSIONER

Dharai - which huses nearly1.20 millin dwellers in mrethan 100,000 dwellings, wuldbe re-deeled as clusters 300 square eet caret areaeach. A 10-year crus undwill be created r deeling

Sectr 5 in Dharai, which ismainly wned by the gern-ment. Maharashtra Husingand Area Deelment Authr-ity (MHADA) will be the ndalagency t re-deel it system-atically, within seen years.

Maharashtra gernmenthas gien the g-ahead rthe Dharai re-deelmentrject - sread acrss 535hectares. The mega rjectwuld als include deelment

rads, tilets, gardenlaygrunds. The rire-deelment Dhared in 2004, aimbeneitting arund 60amilies liing there. Butalng with the amilie

existing small businessesals be rtected.

Dharai is lcated stgically, lanked by theBandra-Kurla Cmlex, huses t business ceand the US cnsulate andish Deuty High Cmmn the nrth, and newly-ded rime areas Wadthe east, and mega-cmmand residential areas in and west.

8 FocuS cITy May 2012 - URBAN NEW

showing interest in the project.

Supervisig solid wsteMumbai generates around 6,500

tonnes per day (TPD) o Municipal

Solid Waste (MSW) and 2,400 TPD

o construction and demolition

(C&D) waste. Characterised by

high population densities, vast

quantities o waste, large slum

areas and its proximity to the seacoast with high humidity levels,

and tidal inundation, Mumbai

poses a unique challenge to the

management o MSW.

The Integrated Solid Waste

Management (ISWM) Project,

which includes a comprehensive

waste disposal plan, has been

developed by IL&FS on a Private

Public Partnership ramework.

The plan was worked out as a set o

independent but well synchronised

projects, or each o the disposal

sites at Gorai, Kanjur, Deonar and

Mulund.

Slum reovtioToday slum dwellers make up 60

percent o Mumbais population,

which is approximately 7 million.

Given the terrible conditions in the

slums, inhabitants o those areas

constantly have to deal with issues

like constant migration, lack o

water, no sewage or solid waste

acilities, lack o public transit,

pollution and o course, a major

housing shortage. Maharashtra

government has planned or the

Dharavi re-development project

- spread across 535 hectares.

The mega project would include

development o roads, toilets,

gardens and playgrounds.

Publi helthGeneral Hospitals in the Greater

Mumbai region are overcrowded

and under resourced. In act, most

people rely on private doctors,

many o whom do not have any

qualiications or oicial training.

The World Bank has un ded the

development o 176 Primary Care

Dispensaries, but is nding that the

eorts are underused.

Wy forwrdLack o proper implementation o

the projects has hindered growth o

the city. Ater Mumbai authorities

ailed to complete projects assignedunder Phase I o JNNURM by

the required date, i.e. March 2012,

the deadline had to be extended

to 2013-14. The only sanctioned

project that was completed was the

Thane Railway System Area Trac

Improvement Scheme.

Rising demands or sound

urban inrastructure is only going

to grow, as Mumbai continues to

grow. Reorms and development

must go hand-in-hand with rapid

urbanization, i Mumbai is to meet

its destiny o becoming the one o

the worlds most progressive cities

in all respects. Addressing core

issues with proper implementation

is the key mantra that will ensure

better uture o one o the worlds

top 10 centres o commerce in terms

o global nancial fows.

Itegrted Develpmet Dhr

cmig p i Je Isse Fs De

VOICESUND

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green pages

ADB is supporting Reliance with

US$ 103 million or a 100MW

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

project. Reliance is building the

acility in the Jaisalmer district o

Rajasthan, 180 km west o the city

o Jodhpur.

The CSP plant is due or

completion in May 2013 at a total

project cost o $415 million. The

ADB has indicated that other

multilateral agencies and local

commercial lenders are also

unding the project.

Michael Barrow, Director in

ADBs private sector operations

department, says, We hope that

the success o this project will

spur others to invest in the solar

energy sector, which has massive

potential in India. The project

will share a transmission line with

the adjacent Dahanu 40MW PV

plant, that was also part-nanced

by ADB.

Reliance group is one o

the companies that have been

awarded the right to develop up to

470MW o CSP in the rst phase

o the countrys National Solar

Mission (NSM).

French technology group

Areva has inormed that Reliance

had hired them to provide

equipment and construction

services or a 250MW CSP plant,

which is also in Rajasthan.

Reliance gets ADBs support

or 100MW CSP plant

Chennai preparesIndias rst Solar Atl

India, UK join handsor climate change

Chennai is readying to give India

its irst Solar Atlas, which will

have countrywide details on

radiation. A team in Chennai, set

up by the Ministry o New and

Renewable Energy, is updating

the data regarding radiation

o solar energy in 50 existing

automatic solar radiation

monitoring centers, s

rom Ladakh to Chitr

(Karnataka). Sixty mo

centres will be set up sh

The Ministry is in

the proposal to sell the

corporates interested in

up renewable energy

such as solar arms, in I

UK FCOs Prosperity Fund

Programme is unding a irst-

o-its-kind project in India titled

Fiscal Instruments or Climate

Friendly Industrial Development

in West Bengal and Odisha.

The British Deputy High

Commission-Kolkata and CII

along with West Bengal Industrial

Development Corporation

(WBIDC) are working with

technical partners CII-Sohrabji

Godrej Green Business Centre,

E u n o m i a R e s e a r c h a n d

Consulting, UK and Jadavpur

University on this project.

The project objective is to help

West Bengal and other states adopt

appropriate iscal instruments

by 2013 to mobilise low carbon

investment and acilitate low

carbon industrial development.

Minister or Environment and

Forests, Jayanthi Natarajan, has

branded the European Unions

emission tax on airlines, a

unilateral decision and alleged

that it had been imposed in a

disguised manner in the name

o climate change.

As on January 1st, all airlines

using airports in the trade bloc

were obliged to enter the EUs

carbon trading programme

under which they would have to

pay or their carbon em

according to the Eu

Commissions environm

Natarajan has writte

to the EU Commissio

Climate Change dema

reversal o the carbon ta

She urther added

the backdrop o global e

tackle climate change ch

the tax on international

was a deal breaker.

EU tax a sham, claims Nataraj

Scientists issued the irst State

o the Planet declaration at a

gathering o experts on globalenvironmental and social issues

at the Planet Under Pressure

Conerence, held beore the major

UN Summit, Rio+20, scheduled or

June.

This is a declaration to our

globally interconnected society,

said Director o Science Policy,

Natural Sciences, UNESCO,

and Conerence Co-Chair, Dr

Lidia Brito. Time is in shortest

supply. We need to change course

in some undamental way this

decade, she added. Around

3,000 experts in climate change,

environmental geo-engineering,international governance, global

trade, development, poverty

alleviation, ood security and

more, discussed the connections

between the dierent systems and

cycles governing our ocean, air,

land and the human and animal lie

dependent on these environments.

The concluding sentiment o the

declaration was that the societies

around the world must not waste

any time in taking urgent and large-

scale action.

State o the Planet declaration, a mess REcoMMEnDaTIonSTHE RIo+20 SuMMITnGoing beyond GDP by tak

account the value o natura

when measuring progress

nA new ramework or deve

set o goals or global sustai

or all nations

n Creating a UN Susta

Development Council to in

social, economic and environ

policy at the global level

nLaunching a new intern

research programme, Futur

which will ocus on nding so

n Initiating regular

sustainability analyses

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For reducing electricity

consumption, Ahmedabad

Municipal Corporation (AMC)

plans to switch to alternate power

and energy-ecient technology.

The civic body will install our

solar plants o 100 kW each atour places in the city. It has also

planned to save around hal o the

present electricity bill incurred on

street lights, by replacing sodium

lights with low watt LED lights.

Because o this initiative, the

AMC will cut down a ew crores

rom its annual electricity bill

o around R125 crore. The city

has 45,000 streetlight poles in

750 sections. AMC has started

using street lights in alternate

manner rom midnight to 0500

hours at selective places, taking

into consideration the vehicular

movement.

AMC started this experiment

in 59 sections, which helped them

saveR1.17 lac on electricity bill per

month. With this new system, the

civic body can save more than R

1.50 crore annually.

11 GREEn PaGES May 2012 - URBAN NEW

Asias largest solar

power park in Gujarat

Touted as Asias rst and largest,

the 600 MW Gujarat Solar Park

(GSP) accounts or 214 MW

o photovoltaic solar capacity,

larger than Chinas 200 MW

Golmud Solar Park. With a

power generation capacity o 600

MW, it will generate two-thirds

o Indias total 900 MW o solar

power production. According

to the Gujarat government, the

project will lead to a reduction in

carbon dioxide emissions to the

tune o eight million tonnes and

save 900,000 tonnes o natural

gas annually.

Chie Minister o Gujarat, Naren-

dra Modi, has said that Gujarat

is considering a rootop solar

power plant policy, which would

enable people to produce their

own electricity and earn money

by selling surplus power to the

grid. Indias irst model solar

city, Gandhinagar, already has

solar rootop systems ranging

rom one kW to 150 kW and

cover a total o two acres o roo-

top area, providing one percent

o the total energy consump-

tion in the capital city. Addi-

tionally, the new building o the

Gujarat Pollution Control Board

is completely powered by solar

energy. Recently, State Govern-

ment foated a 5 MW rootop pro-

gramme on the PPP model in

the capital, which is now being

extended to ve more cities and

towns. The solar project has

created an additional 30,000

jobs in Gujarat.

Lack o proper solid waste

management and high-risebuildings are contributing to the

increase in local temperature and

pollution levels in Bengaluru,

observed Dr T V Ramachandra,

Proessor, IISc. Speaking at the

conerence on Low Carbon Citie,

he observed that the citys tropical

climates interace with glass

acades o high-rise buildings is

causing an increase in green house

gas emissions, which in turn lead

to an increase in temperature. He

also said that the existing solidwaste treatment system in the

city is not very eective, which

is another contributor to green

house gases. Open dump sites

in Bengaluru emit carbon and

other harmul gases. The need o

the hour is to segregate waste at

household level, and government

must levy heavy penalties on

those who dump waste at open

sites and lake beds.

Mercury rises- waste and high-rise buildings to be blamed

KSM burning brightlyOver the next six months, 10

companies are expected to set

up solar projects in Karnataka,

under the Karnataka Solar

Mission (KSM). Out o these,

eight plan to set up solar

photovoltaic projects o 60 MW,

while two will set up 10 MW

solar thermal projects. Most

projects will come up in North

Karnataka, Managing Director

o Karnataka Renewable Energy

Development Ltd (KREDL), N

S Prasanna Kumar, inormed

Business Line. He also said that

KREDL will help in giving out

government land on lease to

companies that dont have their

own land. Around 22 companies

had participated in the tender or

setting up 80-MW solar thermal

and solar photovoltaic projects,

as part o KSM that aims to set up

350 MW o solar projects by 2016.

AMC on a cost cutting,energy saving drive

Rootop solar policy

Pli Prremet bill 2

planning Cmmissin has d

a public prcurement Bill 20

which culd signicantly red

eliminate leakages in the r

rcurement rcess; a welste in ensuring accuntabi

as well as rbity in ublic

rcurement, it takes a lea

similar enactments by 50 t

cuntries. The enabling ram

makes it ssible t intrdu

cncets green rcurem

energy eciency reerenc

The Bill rides a legal man

the gernment t imleme

cycle cst assessment inR3

wrth energy-related rcu

LED lighting market is headi

a hal a billin dllar market

philis has launched LED bu

US which are said t hae a 2

lie san. It cnsumes nly 1

exected t sae $8 a year.

velia Water signed a cntra

with New Yrk City, which w

enable the NYC Deartment

Enirnmental prtectin (D

achiee annual saings betw

$100 and $200 millin.

Gamesa annunced the laun

wind turbine - the G114-2.0 M

IIIA, which is designed t ach

maximum returns rm lw

sites. It will begin manuactu

rttyes in 2013.

In the last three mnths, Lar

Tubr has cmmissined a

slar rject r Sun Gru.

were able t cmlete it in a

time rame because the s

inrastructure, said Head

Grus Renewable Energy,

Sehgal.

The Ind-French Centre

prmtin Adanced Re

(CEFIpRA) launched a mult

discilinary Ind-French re

rject Adatatin Irrig

Agriculture t Climate Cha

(AICHA). This study aims a

deeling an integrated m

r analysing the imact

change n grund water-ir

agriculture in suth India.

GIBSS, a cmany cussed

n making buildings zer

energy has been awarded

Sankal Awards 2012 r th

Mst Innatie Sustainab

Scalable Cmany in the C

Tech and Clean Energy Sec

In bRIEF

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According to an industry lobby, wind-power

capacity will more than double by 2016 as

growing installations in newer markets such as

India and Brazil counter weakness in the US,

where additions are set to decline next year. In

2016, world capacity will reach 493 gigawatts

and installations will jump eight percent a year,

according to a Global Wind Energy Council

report. However, excess world production and

Chinese competition will have wind-turbine

makers ace shrinking margins, inspite o the

growth orecast.

Asia will remain the largest market or wind

turbines and will be led by China. Most growth

will come rom India, which will have an an

market o 5 gigawatts by 2015.

Head o Siemens AGs wind turbines business

has said that the wind industry must cut

costs rapidly to stay competitive and boost its

unacceptably low margins. Growth in this sector

is being threatened by alling investments and

rising costs, while European manuacturers

also ace increasing competition rom Chinese

rivals. The industry aces a very dicult market

environment. Price pressure is growing, and

governments are under pressure to re

public spending on the subsidies we still de

on, said Chie Executive o Siemens W

Power, Felix Ferlemann.

To secure its uture, the industry needs to i

massively in innovation and industrialisa

but shareholders can only endorse that

industry operates in a stable, predictable

protable environment.

FLcs twerig mitis

cpit t dle 2016

ct sts t remi mpetitivess Siemes

Distiti aDt hit setr

Fedders Lloyd Corporation Ltd

(FLC) is in the initial talks with

US-based Invenergy LLC, or an

equity partnership o around R

2,000 crore or wind arms in

India and Arica.

FLC expects to nalise the deal

in June 2012.

It recently announced its plans

to invest R200 crore in a phased

manner or expanding its wind

tower making acility at Bharuch

in Gujarat. As part o the irst

phase, FLC has invested R100

crore at Bharuch acility to make

150 towers annually.

According to Head, Wind

Energy Business, FLC, N D Jain,

there are only a ew organised and

active players in the Indian wind

tower making business, thereby

creating a huge scope; especially

since the projected demand or

wind towers in India is huge.

Discontinuation o accelerated

depreciation (AD) benet will hit

the wind energy sector, as addition

to the capacity will be discouraged

in the near term, according to the

Investment and Credit Rating

Agency. Commencing April 1st,

the government has discontinued

the tax beneit available in the

orm o accelerated depreciation

(AD) or wind energy projects.

This is in line with the provisions

announced in December 2009 or

the generation-based incentive

(GBI) ramework by the Ministry

o New and Renewable Energy.

While the AD benet has ended,

there is still lack o clarity over

the continuation and amount

o GBI beneit applicable (or

capacities commissioned ater

March 31, 2012).

cRoSS cuRREnTS


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Kerala to join worlds biggestbiodiversity event

Demand orenergy saversspirals

Kerala is now set to participate

in the 11th Conerence o Parties

(CoP) to the Convention on

Biological Diversity (CBD),

scheduled to be held in

Hyderabad rom October 1 to

October 19. This is the biggest

event till date; representations

rom 193 countries are expected

to take part. The mega conerence

will highlight the importance o

biodiversity vis--vis improving

livelihood. Kerala leads the

rest o the states in the ield o

biodiversity because the state-

owned Kerala State Biodiversity

Board (KSBB) was the one to

orm Biodiversity Management

Committee (BMC) in all 978

village councils in the state. Both

CoP and MoP (Meeting o Parties)

are held once in two years to review

and decide on the implementation

o provisions in CBD.

Noida-based manuacturers

o home appliances and

industrial equipment have

reason to celebrate. Owing

to the rising costs o power

and uel, common man and

industries are switching to the

eco-riendly mode, leading to

a higher demand or energy

ecient electrical appliances.

According to Bureau o

Energy Eiciency (BEE), the

awareness o energy eciency

bra nds in Indi a has ris en

substantially rom 0.5 percent

in 2008 to 15 percent in 2011.

In bRIEF

Danss, a Danish-based cm

intends t inestR1,350 cr

billin Danish Krner) in Ind

exand the lume and rang

rducts between nw and

This inestment will be mad

Danss lant in Chennai.

Indian Green Building Cunc

has gien Insys ce at p

camus in Hyderabad a Lea

in Energy and Enirnmenta

(LEED) India platinum rating

Due t the hike in excise dut

new energy ecient nrms

cnditiner (AC) industry is

t see a 25 ercent dr in s

seasn.

Karnataka Minister r Ener

Shbha Karandlaje urged K

t identiy buildings that cn

mre energy, and talk t the

wners abut shiting t m

ecient systems. Nearly 20

MW is lst and it is ssible t

u t 16 millin units (MU) d

by encuraging energy ec

buildings, she bsered.

7/27/2019 UND-May-2012

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As a consequence o massive urbanisation in India, the gap between waste generated and propmanaged is ever widening. And so is the criticality actor in the related spheres - climate changehealth matters. The question, thereore is no longer - how to make the cities clean and livable? Itgained more gravity with time how to ensure a healthy, clean and sae planet?

unD presets verview wh the gpis t eig ridged, where we re gig

wrg d wht is the w rwrd

cities wstig w-c we ffrd t wste mre time?

SPEcIaL FEaTuRE on SoLID WaSTE ManaGEMEnT

We are all aware o the rate at which population

is growing in the urban cities o India. Not

surprisingly, an increasing number o

challenges are becoming more and more apparent on

the urban landscape, o which perhaps none is more

conspicuous than the increase in the quantities o waste.

And let us be very clear on one ront the aesthetics o the

city, though a matter o concern is the least o the concerns.

The issue looms larger than the city itsel; it is one that aects

the health o its people, and that o the planet as a whole.

It goes without saying that waste needs to be managed in

order to avoid urther deterioration in public health, air,

water and land resources, and the overall quality o city

lie. Lack o proper solid waste management (SWM) is

increasing temperature and pollution levels. Due to varied

liestyles, consumption patterns, industrialisation and

economic growth, the quality and composition o waste

has also become more varied, with growing amounts o

hazardous and toxic material.

But, where do we begin? The only silver lining is a growing

realisation about the negative impacts o waste on the local

environment. The issue is now being widely discussed.

Sorting through the debris

The composition o urban MSW in India is 51 percent

organics, 17.5 percent recyclables and 31 percent o inserts.

The moisture content o urban MSW is 47 percent and

the average caloric value is 7.3 MJ/kg. The composition

o MSW in the North, East, South and Western regions

o the country varied between 50-57 percent o organics,

16-19 percent o recyclables, 28-31 percent o inerts a

percent o moisture. The caloric value o the was

between 6.8-9.8 MJ/kg (1,620-2,340 kcal/kg).

Open burning o solid wastes and landll res em

22,000 tons o pollutants into the air every year, in M

alone. It is the largest polluter among activities tha

contribute any economic value to the city. Since it h

at the ground level, the resultant emissions enter t

level breathing zone o the atmosphere, and are

exposed to humans.

Policy

In 2000, the Ministry o Environment and Forests

issued Municipal Solid Waste (Management and H

Rules (MSW (M&H) Rules) or all Indian cities. T

contained directives or all urban local bodies (U

7/27/2019 UND-May-2012

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May 2012 - URBAN NEWS D

establish a proper system o waste management, including

a timeline or installation o waste processing and disposal

acilities by the end o 2003.

The launch o the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban

Renewal Mission (JNNURM) programme o the Ministry

o Urban Development (MoUD), Government o India,

brought about a considerable change; suddenly, there were

unds available or all inrastructural projects, with a special

emphasis on MSW management.To urther encourage the ULBs, the 12th Finance

Commission o the Government o India, has sanctioned

R2,500 crores or strengthening the SWM schemes. The

13th Finance Commission o the Government o India

recommends that out o all grants given to the ULBs, 50

percent should be or SWM (2010-2015). However, despite

huge investments and encouragement rom the Central

Government to invest in and adapt to the MSW (M&H)

Rules 2000, improvement in this sector is moving at a snails

pace.

The launch o JNNURM has resulted in highly dynamic

developments. Various other government schemes are also

supporting similar objectives and have to be implemented on

local levels and in close coordination with JNNURM. There

are considerable opportunities in the synergies between

urban development objectives, SWM, waste and storm

water management, poverty alleviation and climate change.

Unlocking these synergies will require political leadership,

interdisciplinary thinking and strict interdepartmental

coordination. Institutional and organisational development,

and capacity building or city administrators and local

representatives are pivotal or the required change in

processes.

Status of Municipal Corporations

Only our out o 45 municipal corporations that were

granted assistance under JNNURM or waste management

have been able to complete their projects. That means that

only R5300 crore, out oR1,06,252 crore, have been spent

properly. Reasons or the ailure o municipal corporations

in eectively managing solid waste are not dicult to gauge,

says Director, A2Z inrastructure, Rajneesh Mehra. Skill

and technology gaps and poor inrastructure are major

culprits, he opines.

Another actor is the selection o the right service provider.

Managing Director, IL&FS Enviro Engineers, Mahesh Babu

says, It is high time that municipal authorities start looking

at players who can provide them with the best solutions.

Public Private Partnership (PPP)

Given that the total investment over the last twenty years

is approximately one-tenth o what is required, PPP needs

to be considered as one o the key strategies to increaseinvestment in the water sector. One glance at the excellent

service outcomes in projects implemented on a PPP basis

in Nagpur, Hubli, Dharwad and Navi Mumbai, is enough to

instill aith in the PPP model.

Agrees Union Minister or Urban Development, Kamal

Nath, who at a recent event emphatically expressed the

urgent need or mainstreaming PPP in the solid waste

management sector - not only because o capital generation,

but also because it brings about greater eciency and higher

levels o customer satisaction. He has announced that there

is a proposal to launch an urban inrastructure und or PPP

with a German company.

Public Private Partnership (PPP)

Given that the total investment over the last twenty years

is approximately one-tenth o what is required, PPP needs

to be considered as one o the key strategies to increase

investment in the water sector. One glance at the excellent

service outcomes in projects implemented on a PPP basis

in Nagpur, Hubli, Dharwad and Navi Mumbai, is enough to

instill aith in the PPP model.

Agrees Union Minister or Urban Development, Kamal

Nath, who at a recent event emphatically expressed the

urgent need or mainstreaming PPP in the solid waste

management sector - not only because o capital generation,

but also because it brings about greater eciency and higher

levels o customer satisaction. He has announced that there

is a proposal to launch an urban inrastructure und or PPP

with a German company.

Opportunities

Local governments and companies are now looking at waste

management as a viable business opportunity to extract the

valuable and usable resources rom it. They also see it as a

chance to saely process and dispose wastes with m

impact on the environment.

There is a huge gap between the amount o

generated and handled. Looking at the scenario, th

management sector will grow maniold, resulting

revenue generation, said Babu.

By the end o the next decade, India will landll o

dump 840 million tons o MSW and produce 3.6

tons o mixed waste compost. It will also prod

million TPY o potential reuse derived uel in the

composting rejects that will also be land lled. Lan

(LFG) recovery has been shown to be economically

at seven landlls, located in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolk

Ahmadabad. One o these landills, the Gorai du

in Mumbai, was capped in 2008 or capturing an

LFG. This project will result in an overall greenh

Maharashtra

17.1%

West

Bengal

12.0%

Metros

37%

Class A

24%Class B

8%

Class C 5%

Class E 5%

Class G

5%

Class H

6%

Class D 4%

Uttar

Pradesh

10.0%Tamil

Nadu

9.0%Delhi

9.0%

AP 8.8%

Others

15.6%MP 3.5%

Rajsthan 3.8%

Gujarat 5.4%

Karnataka

6.0%

The ttl miipl slid wste

(MSW) geerted i r Idi is

t 68.8 milli ts per er (TPy),whih is 50 peret iremet

withi the pst dede. ur Idi

will geerte ttl 920 milli

ts MSW i the ext dede d

160.5 milli TPy 2041.

Miipl Slid Wste Rl

nProhibit littering on the streets by ensuring sto

waste at source in two bins; one or biodegradabl

and another or recyclable material.

nPrimary collection o biodegradable and

biodegradable waste rom the doorstep, (inc

slums and squatter areas) at pre-inormed timi

a day-to-day basis using containerised tri-cycle

carts/pick up vans.

n Street sweeping covering all the residenti

commercial areas on all the days o the year irresp

o Sundays and public holidays.

nAbolition o open waste storage depots and pro

o covered containers or closed body waste s

depots.

nTransportation o waste in covered vehicles o

to day basis.

nTreatment o biodegradable waste using comp

or waste to energy technologies, meeting the stan

laid down.

nMinimise the waste going to scientically engi

landlls and dispose o only rejects rom the trea

plants and inert material at the landlls.

Area o LandNo. o Sites

2

2

1

3

1

1

3

1

1

Name o City

Chennai

Coimbatore

Surat

Greater Mumbai

Greater Hyderabad

Ahmadabad

Delhi

Jabalpur

Indore

are pied mjr Ldll sites

Share states in UrbanWaste Generated

Share dierence Class Cities in Urban Waste

Generated

No o Cities

6

3220

19

19

31

58

59

111

Classiication

Metrlitan

Class AClass B

Class C

Class D

Class E

Class F

Class G

Class H

Per Capita Kg/P

Per cpit Wste Geerti Rte i cities d

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16 SoLID WaSTE ManaGEManT May 2012 - URBAN NEW

caSE STuDy:GoRaI DuMPInG GRounD

LcatinThe Gorai dumpsite, located in the western suburbs oMumbai, is spread over an area o 19.6 hectares (HA),and has been operational since 1972. The site is adjacentto Gorai creek and is close to habitation. The practiceo open dumping, since 1972, has caused signiicantenvironmental damage in neighborhoods adjoining thedisposal site.

PrjectThere was approximately 2.34 million tonnes o waste,up to an average height o 26 meters, lying at the site. Thecreek water was polluted due to the infow o leachate thatwas harming the mangroves in the vicinity. The air qualityin the area had deteriorated due to the requent burning

o garbage at the Gorai dumping ground. Citizens in theneighborhood hadnt opened their windows acing thedumpsite in over two decades.

operatinsSince the MSW accumulated at the site had reached itscapacity, IL&FS designed a scientic closure strategyusing a PPP model in accordance with the MSW (M&H)Rules, 2000. As part o the strategy, IL&FS developed adetailed design or levelling and reorming the existingheap o MSW and incorporating environmentalmitigation measures, including the laying o animpermeable surace cover (Geotextile/HDPE sheet),sheet piling to secure the site against tidal inundation,landll gas (predominantly methane) collection, leachatecollection and treatment system, development o a green

belt and landscaping, including a green cover over thedumpsite.

Prject structuringThe Gorai dumpsite closure, being the rst o its kind, wasdesigned by IL&FS and structured as a teen year PPPwith Construction and Operations and Maintenance(O&M). This contract was designed in a way that

preserved the public interest nature o this project withseveral positive externalities, while bringing in theconstruction know-how, management and eciencyskills o the private sector. Construction o the projectwas completed in 18 months and at a cost o Rs 50 croreswith the O&M estimated at Rs 12 crores. The successultransormation o the Gorai dumpsite, rom an eyesore toa beautiully landscaped green space, is a demonstrationo a balanced PPP model.Carbon nancingThe Gorai transaction is one o such carbon advancetransactions in the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM). The entire carbon advance transaction - romproject documentation to submission or registration at

the United Nations Framework Convention onChange (UNFCCC) was designed and develoIEISL. Gorai is the rst dumpsite closure projeIndia to be registered at the UNFCCC. Thedemonstrates that carbon nancing can catalysprojects, along with enhancing their nancial vWaste to energyIEISL has acilitated discussions between and a US energy major to set up a waste to project at Gorai on a Design, Build, Own, OperTranser (DBOOT) basis. Based on landll gas fcomposition data available rom the site, it is expset up a 3 MW landll gas based power plant at

n Marked improvement

in the quality o lie o

people in Gorai

nCreation o 19 hectares

o green space in Mumbai

n R e s t o r a t i o n o

mangroves that had

degenerated due to toxic

leachate rom the dumpsite

nImprovement in public

health and hygiene

n Elimination o oul

odour that enabled

residents to open their

windows ater almost

three decades

nProperty value

area increased with

property tax collect

the municipality

n Elimination o

and health hazard

breedin g o li e

rodents

nNoticeable improv

in the quality o

water due to treatm

leachate

nSignicant improv

in the quality o mar

n Increase in avian

population

Prjet beeits

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7/27/2019 UND-May-2012

18/32

emissions reduction o 2.2 million tons o CO2 equivalents

by 2028.

The compost yield rom mixed waste composting acilities

is only six to seven percent o the eed material. Up to 60

percent o the input waste is discarded as composting

rejects and the rest consists o water vapour and carbon

dioxide generated during the composting processes. The

compost product rom mixed wastes was ound to be o

very low quality and contaminated by heavy metals. But or

A2Z inrastructure, it is still a viable option. Says Rajneesh

Mehra, Compost production makes us sounder, nancially.

We now have got enough buyers to sell the compost.

Inormal recycling can be integrated into the ormal system

by training and employing waste pickers to conduct door-

to-door collection o wastes, and by allowing them to

sell the recyclables they collect. Owner, Ecowise Waste

Management, Manik Thapar said, Waste picker

also be employed at material recovery acilities to

the percentage o recycling.

Waste not, want not

Complexity, costs and coordination o waste man

has necessitated multi-stakeholder involvement

stage o the waste stream. This calls or an int

approach to waste management.

Looking at the gap between the volume o th

generated and the waste managed, there is

requirement or better service providers, sophi

inrastructure, eciently managed workorce, aw

among stakeholders, innovative, decentralised s

and the enhanced use o technology, all o which w

key role in successul SWM.


There re siderle

pprtities i the sergies

etwee r develpmet

jetives, SWM, wste d strm

wter mgemet, pvert

lleviti d limte hge.

ulkig these sergies will

reqire plitil ledership,

iterdisiplir thikig d

strit iterdeprtmetl

rditi

Kml nthUNIoN MINISTER FoR URBAN DEvELopMEN

VOICESUND

The existing slid wastetreatment system is nt

ery eectie, and is anther

cntributr t green huse gases. There are

en dum sites, and they emit carbn and

ther harmul gases. We need t segregate

waste at the husehld leel and the

gernment must ley heay enalties n

thse wh dum waste in en sites and

lake beds.Dr T V Rmhdr,pRoFESSoR, IISC

Mhesh bMANAGING DIRECToR, IL&FS ENvIRo ENGINEERS

VOICESUND

There is a huge ga between the amunt

waste generated and handled. Lking atthe scenari, the waste management sectr

will grw er the years, resulting in mre

reenue generatin.There is an urgent nee

mainstreaming ppp i

slid waste managem

sectr, nt just because

caital generatin, but als because i

brings abut greater eiciency and h

leels custmer satisactin.

City

Delhi

Pondicherry

Mumbai

Ahmadabad

Hyderabad

Pune

Mumbai

Agra

Lucknow

Lucknow

Area

54

7

120

55

18.2

22.5

24

5

2.78

3.3

LFG Feasibility

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

Total Waste

(millin tns)

680,000

637,732

12,700,000

9,300,000

1,200,000

280,000

2,340,000

473,457

287,100

288,500

Waste Depth (

Minimum Ma

20

3 22

22.5

5 1

5 12

10.2

12

12.9

8.8

Ldll Gs Rever Fesiilit i Idi Ldlls

Dumpsite Name

Okhla

Karuvadikuppam

Deonar

Pirana

Autonagar

Uruli Devachi

Gorai

Shadra

Barikalan Dubagga

Moti Jheel

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caSE STuDy:ZERo LanDFILL aPPRoacH In KanPuR

LcatinKanpur, with a population o 3.6 million, generates about1500 MT o MSW per day, which amounts to a per capitawaste generation o 472g per person per day. The opendumps ull o garbage occupied most o the citys space.

PrjectThe project was partly unded by a JNNURM grant oup to 45 percent o the overall cost, worthR120 crore. It

deployed 2500 people. A2Z Inra was hired to carry outthis project.

operatinsLooking at the complexity o operations, A2Z wentwith an integrated approach, rom door to door(D2D) primary collection and transportation omixed wet heterogeneous garbage, to processing andselling compost, construction and demolition (C&D)materials, etc.

Processing at IRRF:

ProgressiveSegregation AerobicComposting RDFCompaction Recyclablescleaningandsales Powergeneration

outcmeIt is astonishing that the entire process omanagement in the sites by the company haszero landll. Ater treating the waste, A2Z has sothan 100,000 MT o compost so ar. The tippinprocessing and disposal is almost zero. The prA2Z has resulted in waste-to-zero waste whereeach and every particle


cmig p i Je Isse: Eerg Ei

All vehicles equipped

with GPS

All cash collections

executives equipped

with data loggers

No touching o waste by

human hands

P l a n t s m a x i m u m

automated

All trammels equipped

with VFDs

Plants on IP Ca

or remote shop

management

A i r E d d y c u

separators and g

separators are u

each process.

All plants connec

video telephony

Ft File: Eiiet se teh

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water

Andhra Pradeshs Minister o

Inormation Technology, Ponnala

Lakshmaiah has said that R2.57

crore has been earmarked or

using alternative measures to

tackle the water crisis in summer.

Oicials have identiied 1295

private water sources in the

Warangal district, out o which,

they have taken 205 on a lease.

The Minister said that the ocials

were directed to take up fushing

o 1202 bore-wells which had

dried up within 15 days. The

ocials have also identied 330

wells which need to be deepened.

Lakshmaiah said that 47 tankers

had been commissioned to

supply water to problem areas.

Additionally, the Minister has

deemed that uninterrupted power

should be provided to drinking

water schemes.

Alternative measuresto tackle water crisis

Anti-erosiontechnology in Assa

Pune gets watermonitoring system

Assams Water Resources

Ministry has accepted a proposal

to implement an indigenously

developed, cost eective, anti-

erosion technology using plastic

nets, which was developed

under the guidance o the

Indian Institute o Technology

(Guwahati). The technology

relies on the use o plastic nets

tied to concrete blocks, tted into

the soil near river banks

erosion, Polygon Fou

General Secretary, D H

pointed out. We have p

to use the technology

erosion measures in

Brahmaputras tributar

State Water Resources M

has given us the green si

we will nalise details by

o April, he inormed.

T h e P i m p r i - C h i n c h w a d

Municipal Corporation (PCMC)

in Pune, has completed the

irst phase o its installation o

the Supervisory Control and

Data Acquisition (SCADA)

system, which is being used or

partial centralised monitoring

o the water supply network.

Subsequently, this system will also

help to bring about equitable water

supply to the PCMC areas. The

civic body has spent R10.28 crore

or installation o the equipment

needed or the SCADA system.

Executive Engineer, Water Supply

Department, PCMC, Pravin

Ladkat, said that the system

has been set up at the two water

treatment plants at Nigdi.

It helps monitor the amount o

raw water drawn rom the Pavana

River and treatment o the raw

water, as well as distribution o

drinking water to various parts o

the city, he inormed.

Tamil Nadu Minister or

Municipal Administration, K P

Munusamy, has announced that

eorts will be made to strengthen

the water supply and drainage

acilities in Chennais suburbs, at

a cost oR2,000 crore.

Additionally, the Chennai

Metropolitan Water Supply and

Sewerage Board also plans to

implement aR700 crore project,

which aims at mode

drinking water supply

There are also plans or a

crore sewerage acility

suburban areas.

The state governm

soon expected to an

an integrated solid

management policy, wh

tackle the household w

comes rom urban areas

TN water supply to be strengthen

Some relie rom water shortage is

expected next summer since the

Nagpur Municipal Corporation

(NMC) is condent o completing

the Pench IV project, which will

increase water availability by

115 million litres per day. This

amounts to almost 20 percent o

the total water supply in summer,

when the Kanhan River goes dry.

The biggest obstacle that stood in

the way o completing the project

was land acquisition, which is

now almost dealt with, barring

a ew square meters. Since this

project comes under the umbrella

o the JNNURM, unds have been

coming in smoothly, ensuring

that this much-awaited project is

completed on time.

Nagpur relieved o water shorta

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energy

In bRIEF

Inrastructure layer KEC

Internatinal has wn rder

R1,416-crre sread acrss

businesses, gegrahies an

custmers. It has receied

r wer substatins in Ken

water canal wrks in Madhy

pradesh, and rders in telec

cable businesses.

pwer and autmatin tech

gru, ABB, has cmmissin

three 765 kv sub-statins

Grid Crratin India (pG

lcated in Wardha (Maharas

Seni (Madhya pradesh) and

Bilasur (Chhattisgarh).

The Bharat Frge Jv called A

Bharat Frge pwer (ABFpL

bagged aR1,570-crre rde

rm Natinal Thermal pw

Crratin (NTpC)s Slau

rject. The rder inles

engineering, manuacturing

suly, erectin and cmmi

the 2x660 MW suercritic

steam turbine generatr isla

McNally Bharat Engineering

receied an rder wrthR2

crre rm WB pwer Deel

Crratin.

Alstm prjects cnsrtium

bagged a R115 crre rder

Uttarakhand Hydr prject.

cmanys share in Uttarakh

rder is erR70 crre.

Indias power struggle continue

P o w e r g e n e r a t i o n a n d

management major Jakson

recently started production at its

two manuacturing acilities in

Kathua, Jammu.

The irst plant is DTA or

domestic customers and the

other plant is a 100 percent export

oriented unit to serve a speciic

segment o the customers. With

these two new plants, Jaksonstrengthens its position as a

market leader in the power-gen

industry. The two plants would be

manuacturing gas generating sets

and special application generating

sets. Sameer Gupta, Managing

Director o Jakson Group, said,

With these two new plants, we

now have enough capacity in place

to keep pace with our aspirational

growth rate o 20 percent or next

ve years, which actually has been

our CAGR or past 10 years.

Despite building numerous power

plants, India is nding it extremely

diicult to provide enough

electricity to the household and

commercial sectors because the

country cannot get enough uel

principally coal to run the

plants. Clumsy policies, poor

management and environmental

concerns have hampered the

countrys eorts to dig up uel ast

enough to keep up with its growing

need or power.A complex system

o subsidies and price controls has

limited investment, particularly

in resources like coal and natural

gas. The power sectors problems

have substantially contributed to a

second year o slowing economic

growth in India, to an estimated

seven percent this year, rom

nearly 10 percent in 2010. Many

businesses in states like Andhra

Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have

reported that more requent

blackouts have orced them to

lower production and spend

signiicantly more on diesel uel

to run backup generators. Anil

Ambani-led Reliance Power has

stopped construction on a large

electricity plant because it can

no longer aord to buy coal rom

Indonesia, as had been planned.

Central Electricity Regulatory

Commission (CERC) has

tightened the requency band

o the Northern Grid to 49.7Hz

rom 50.5Hz. CERC has done thismainly to increase grid security

and encourage discoms to look

at other options or arranging

power supply. With the new

regulations in orce, city discoms

are exploring various options to

ensure that they are able to meet

the peak summer demand. Power

sector ocials said the only waydiscoms can provide smooth

power supply is by contracting

assured agreements in the

organised market.

CERC tightens gridrequency

Two new powerplants in Jammu

India is exected t be the wrlds third-largest energy

cnsumer by 2020, ater USA and China. A tw-

rnged strategy has been adted t meet the

challenge energy cnsumtin. It wuld lk at augmenting

dmestic suly surces, including renewable energy aart rm

cussing n demand-side management and energy eiciency

measures. Dmestic caacities r building wer lants with suer

critical and ultra-suer critical technlgies are als beingestablished t reduce deendency n cal r wer generatin.

PoWER MInISTER, SuSHILKuMaR SHInDE,

SpEAKING AT THE WoRLD ENERGY LEADERS SUMMIT IN ISTANBUL, ApRIL 19-20, 2012

VOICESUND

7/27/2019 UND-May-2012

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finance

An expert committee in the

Urban Development Ministry

has recommended an increase in

property taxes as a step to nance

urban inrastructure.

A report by the committee

estimated that R40,000-50,000

crore would be required or over a

period o no less than 20 ye

The sub-committee on i

urban inrastructure

12th Plan has said that th

property tax should be h

properties given on rent, co

to sel-occupied units, so

the increased rental value

The Central Government has

increased the budget limit

or projects approved by the

Municipal Corporation o

Chandigarh toR50 crore. Earlier,

the municipality could only

allocate projects up toR10 crore.

Several projects like building o

new blocks in the Government

Medical College and Hospital,

OPD construction in Government

multi-specialty hospitals, multi-

level parking at the high court

and similar other projects have

been delayed or years because o

nancial constraints.

A special committee will be

ormed to analyse and approve

the new projects. The committee

will include members rom

nance department, department

concerned and nance secretary.

The nance ministry is looking

at the possibility o disinvesting

stake in state-owned Housing

and Urban Development

Corporation Ltd (HUDCO). The

department o disinvestment

is in talks with the Ministry o

Housing and Urban Poverty

Alleviation or a proposal to sell 10

percent o the government equity

in the irm through an initial

public oering. The state-owned

irm could also look at raising

resh capital through the issue.

The department o disinvestmentis planning to sell stakes in about

six rms as it tries to meet a target

oR30,000 crore rom sell o

proceeds. But it is keen to largely

divest equity in unlisted rms inorder to enhance their corporate

governance through listing.

The cost o the CIDCO sponsored

suburban line project in Raigad

district has escalated rom R

495.44 crore to a whopping R

1,300 crore, revealed a CAG

report.The report states that the

work o the project commenced

in 1997-98 and, despite incurring a

total expenditure oR133.39 crore

(R56.92 crore by the railway and

R76.46 crore by Cidco), only 12

percent o the work was done

by the end o March 2010. The

slow pace o the project has been

blam ed on Cidcos inanci al

constraints.

Raise property

tax to und urbainra: Panel

Hike in allocationlimit or projectsFinance Ministry maydivest stake in HUDCO

Suburban project cost escalates

When most cities are lacking

the money to build and

maintain inrastructure,

Hyderabad is proving to be

an exception. In an column

written by Sameer Sharma in

Economic Times, it is indicated

that the Greater Hyderabad

M u n i c i p a l C o r p o r a t i o n

(GHMC) had recently applied

or Tax Increment Financing

(TIF) to develop complete

hard inrastructure in the

peripheral localities, like roads,

underground drains and water

supply, parks and street lights.

TIF is an unexplored nancing

source in which money is

bo rr ow ed o r im me di at e

inrastructure requirements and

paid when the acility is used.

The loan was issued by nancial

institutions ater GHMCs

general body and Andhra

Pradesh government accorded

permission to raise

und-may-2012

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