Oscar González García

Mis presentaciones tienen tan solo una finalidad didáctica y sin ánimo de lucro,

estando disponibles en Internet para todo aquel que las encuentre útiles. Salvo en

casos excepcionales, no cito las fuentes escritas ni audiovisuales que utilizo por

razones de economía de espacio y tiempo; de igual forma, no requiero que se cite

lo que yo elaboro.

Sin embargo, si algún autor reconoce sus textos o imágenes en mis trabajos y

considera que debe ser citado, no tiene más que ponerse en contacto conmigo e

incluiré su nombre donde sea necesario.

Gracias y disfruten de la Historia…

Prof. Oscar González García – IES Ornia (La Bañeza) 2017/2018

What are we going to study?ORDEN EDU 362/2015 de 4 de mayo – currículo ESO CyL

CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN

1. Identificar los principaleshechos de las revolucionesburguesas en Estados Unidos,Francia y España e Iberoamérica.

3. Identificar los principaleshechos de las revolucionesliberales en Europa y América.

4. Comprobar el alcance y laslimitaciones de los procesosrevolucionarios de la primeramitad del siglo XIX

ESTÁNDARES DE APRENDIZAJE EVALUABLES

2.1. Discute las implicaciones de la violencia con diversos tipos de fuentes.3.1. Redacta una narrativa sintética conlos principales hechos de alguna de lasrevoluciones burguesas del siglo XIX,acudiendo a explicaciones causales,sopesando los pros y los contras.4.1. Sopesa las razones de losrevolucionarios para actuar como lohicieron.4.2. Reconoce, mediante el análisis defuentes de diversa época, el valor de lasmismas no sólo como información, sinotambién como evidencia para loshistoriadores.

Bloque 2. La Era de las Revoluciones liberales

5. SPAIN: THE RESTORATION, LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRATIC IDEAS

CLICK HERE FOR A RESUME CLICK HERE FOR A RESUME

THE REIGN OF ISABEL II (1833 – 1868)

At the end of his reign, Fernando VII had nomale successor, so he had to proclaim hisPragmatic Sanction in order to replacedthe former Salic law, established by Felipe V,which excluded females from the line ofsuccession.

This angered Fernando´s brother Carlos,who hoped to became king, and a war brokeout: The first Carlist War (1833-1839).

Carlos was supported by the absolutists andby those who supported the fueros: thechurch, Navarra, Vascongadas, Aragón andaCatalonia. The liberals supported the youngqueen in exchange for the governmentbecoming more liberal.

Carlists lost the war and the Convention ofVergara was the treaty of peace that Carlosand his successors did not accept.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REING…

The support of liberals in the war, forced the queen to ended absolutism a to establish aliberal constitutional monarchy with its own special features.

• Shared sovereignty: the crown shared power with the Cortes that, however, couldbe call and dissolve by the monarch.

• There were different liberal political parties: Moderates and Progressives. Thequeen favoured the Moderates, who governed for most of her reign.

• Various constitutions were approved during the reign: a Progressive one in 1837and a Moderate constitution in 1845.

• The military participated actively in politics, as heads of government andministers, and also leading military revolts to acquire more power.

The regency period (1833-1843)

When Isabel was still a minor, two regents governed in her name: her mother, MaríaCristina Bourbon, and General Espartero, who was a Progressive.

The majority of Isabel II (1843-1868)

In 1843 Isabel reached the age of majority, although she was only 13 years old.Important features of her reign include:

• Alternation in power: between Moderates and Progressives, usually led by amilitary figure.

• Second Carlist War: Isabel refused to marry the Carlist claimant. Liberals wonagain.

• Spain´s division into 49 provinces and the Civil Guard was created.• Social instability caused by discontent among peasants over poor working

conditions. There was also tension between workers and factory owners overincreasing unemployment and low wages.

The crisis and the end of Isabel II´s reign

During the last years there was a major economic crisis an unemployment increased.New political parties emerged and opposed the monarchy. They were Democrats, whobelieved in universal manhood suffrage, and Republicans, who wanted Spain to be arepublic.

Political and economic situation caused extensive social unrest…

Answer the questions:

• Why did Fernando VII proclaim the Pragmatic

Sanction? How did his brother react?

• What was the relationship between the

Restoration and the first and third phases of

Fernando VII´s reign?

• What were the Carlists War? What was the

result of them?

• Why do you think an economic crisis can endanger

a government?

THE DEMOCRATIC SEXENNIUM (1868-1874)

In 1868, a military revolt began in Cádiz, led by Admiral Topete and Generals Prim andSerrano. The movement, called the Glorious Revolution, was successful and Isabel IIwas forced into exile.

The provisional government:

The government begun the search for a newking for Spain who was not a Bourbon, andthey also called Constituent Cortes in order towrite a new constitution.

The Constitution of 1869 was the mostdemocratic one until that moment,introducing:

• Universal manhood suffrage.• Freedom of religion.• Other rights and freedoms.• Constitutional monarchy.

The constitutional monarchy: Amadeo of Savoy

The son of the Italian King, VictorEmmanuel II, was named KingAmadeo I of Spain, chosen by theParliament.

The third Carlist War began becausea Carlist candidate, Carlos VII,wanted to be chosen.

Not only carlists opposed to Amadeo,but also republicans and thesupports of Alfonso, Isabel II´s son.His main supporter, Prim, wasassassinated; finally, Amadeoabdicated and returned to Italy.

The First Republic (1873-1874)

The Cortes proclaimed Spain a republic, butit had to faced many problems: the Carlistconflict continued, Alfonso´s supportersrejected the republic and some federalistsrevolts took place in several places of thecountry.

There was a division among the Republicans.They disagreed on the concept of republicthey wanted:

• Federal republic (17 states)• Centralised republic

The instability was reflected in the fact thatthere were four different presidents in oneyear.

Finally, a new coup d´etat achieved to bringback the Bourbons.

Answer the questions:

• Which political parties were opposed to Isabel II?

• What was de Democratic Sexennium? How did it

begin?

• What problems did the First Republic face?

• What was the difference between a unitary and a

federal republic?

• How did the First Republic end?

6. LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

During the Spanish War against France, the process that led to the independence ofSpain´s American colonies began.

CAUSES:

• The influence of Enlightenmentideas and the example of therevolutionary processes in NorthAmerica, France and Spain.

• Great Britain gave financialassistance to the supporters ofindependence because theywanted to end Spain´sdominance trade with America.

• The Creole bourgeoisie wantedpolitical and economic control ofthe colonies and an end to theirdependence on Spain.

THE INDEPENDENCE PROCESS

During the Spanish War of Independence,the colonies refused to accept Joseph I asking and they created their own boardswhich governed in the name of FernandoVII, but the idea of independence began tospread very soon…

New Spain, New Granada and Río de laPlata started uprising and, in some places,independence was declared. WhenFernando VII returned to the throne, hesent troops to America but it wasimpossible to stop the liberationmovements.

During the first half of the 19th century, allof Spain´s American colonies gained theirindependence, except for Cuba and PuertoRico.

Simón Bolivar made possible the Independence ofVenezuela, Colombia, Perú, Ecuador and Bolivia.

CONSEQUENCES

For Spain:

• It lost its hegemony over LatinAmerica.

• The Spain´s international prestigeand power were reduced and itbecame a second-rate power.

• The economy suffered because ofthe lost of the trade monopoly withAmerica.

For the new South American countries:

• The Creole bourgeoisie gained thepolitical and economic power it hadbeen fighting for.

• The new countries becameindependent republics. But theycame under British and USAinfluence.

GlossaryPragmatic Sanction: law proclaimed by Fernando VII in 1830 that replaced theSalic Law which avoid women to govern in Spain.

Salic Law: former Spanish law, establish by Felipe V, that excluded females fromthe royal line of succession.

Regent: person who rules when the monarch is a minor, or is absent or incapableof ruling.

Creole: a descendant of European settlers born in a Spanish, Portuguese or Frenchcolony.