web 2.0 環境中數位圖書館的整合服務

Web 2.0 環境中數位圖書館的整合服務

陳昭珍國立台灣師範大學圖書資訊學研究所教授兼所長

大綱• 從 Web 環境談起• 從數位圖書館系統與服務談起• 圖書館自動化系統的新發展

1960 1975 1980 1995 2010

Network Wave

Data Processing Wave

Micro Wave

We are about here.

Organizational Value From Technology

Four Waves of Technology

Ubiquitous Wave

Kalle Lyytinen: The Next Wave of Nomadic Computing: A Research Agenda for Information Systems Research, 2003 ppt

Trends in Computing Technology

• From analog to digital• From circuit-switching to packet-switching• From wired to wireless• From narrowband to broadband• From big to small• From homogeneous to heterogeneous• From single-purpose device to multi-purpose

Kalle Lyytinen: The Next Wave of Nomadic Computing: A Research Agenda for Information Systems Research, 2003 ppt

Abram, Stephen” Web 2.0, library 2.0, librarian 2.0”, 2006 Taipei

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IU-DML系統架構

General user

Searchtool

Soundplayer

Scoreviewer

Digitaltime liner

General purposelibrary application

Multimedia MusicTheory Teaching

application

Oncourse

Theory student orinstructor

Non-majormusic studentor instructor

Soundplayback

Imageretrieval

Notationretrieval

Search

Metadata Audio VideoScore

imagesScore

notation

Applications

AccessComponents

Repositories

User InterfaceComponents

and others...

and others...

Catalogingtools

Cataloging/adminsistration

application

Cataloger ordigitization technician

DML Testbed System: 4-Layered Architecture

• Repositories: metadata, audio, video, music score images, etc.

• Access components: search, image retrieval, audio retrieval, etc.

• User interface components: sound player, score viewer, search/browse tool, etc.

• End-user applications: library search and retrieval, music theory instruction, oncourse

Visual Reserve List

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Standards and best practices endorsed by the DLF

• Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)

• The Open Archives Initiative • Standards for electronic resource management• Institute of Museums and Library Services (IMLS). Fr

amework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections

• Benchmarking digital reproductions of printed monographs and serials

• The Liblicense model licensing agreement • TEI text encoding in libraries, Version 1

http://www.diglib.org/standards.htm

http://www.imls.gov/

數位圖書館相關的課題

當世界已走遠，我們在那裡

OCLC 的 Open WorldCat

Open WorldCat Architecture

Aggregators

Schemas and Vocabularies

Profiles and Relationships

Content Owner

Portals

Metadata

Distribution, Search,

Display

Access

Google, Yahoo and Book Vendors Organization and Presentation

OCLC Organizes WorldCat content in model suitable for harvesting, anticipate unique aspects of various portals

OCLC Uses Host of Authentication and Authorization tools to progressively match content to rights

OCLC Developed Geo-locator services to matches users to extensive FirstSearch WorldCat institution and user profiles

WorldCat , Additional collections can be added to Worldcatlibraries domain

OCLC will use tools such as xISBN and FRBR models to organize WorldCat public views suitable for low precision access

XML 自動化系統

Parent OrganizationAccounting/Personnel/Student Registration Systems

ExternalResources

Integrated Search Interface/Customized Resource Views

User ServicesPersonal

Corporate

Custom

Access/Privileges/Authentical

UsersAcquisitions

Licensing

Transactions

Vendors

Serials Control

Claims

Bindery

Patterns UsageStatistics

Digital

Physical

Circulation

Policies

Transactions

Interlibrary Loan

Routings

Transactions

Holdings Items

Publishers, Vendors Other Archives, Libraries,Museums

RecordsAuthorities

Works

“Cataloging”

Conceptabstract collective specific

OrganizationString Language Event Time

“notional” Instantiation (specific authorities derived from selected collective Concepts)

“substantive” instantiation (derived generic authorities and/or specific instances)

authorityPlace

Instance both

authorityBeing

Instance both

authorityObject

Instance both

authorityWork

Instance both

Item

Version? Version? Version(optional) Version(optional)

HoldingsLegend:Bold Boxes=Principal ElementsItalics=selected attributesSolid Boxes=selected elementsDotted Boxes= implicit structure/ detail

HKCAN XML platform

Web interface

Records in Communication MARC format with EACC encoding

Records in XML format with EACC encoding

Records in XML format with UTF-8 encoding

HKCAN XML full text search server (Tamino)

for full text search, records display & download

HKCAN index search server

(SQL anywhere 8.0)

Full text searchIndex search

Program to convert records from Communication MARC format to XML format

Program to convert the records from CCCII encoding to UTF-8 encoding

Import the records to a relational database for index search

Retrieve the full record from HKCAN

XML server

MARC

Record conversion

00681cz 2200193n 4504001001000000003000600010005001700016008004100033010001600074035002300090040003000113066000700143100003000150670002600180670018700206670005700393678000900450700002800459000000001HkCAN19960504052613.5800523n| acannabb| |n aaa an 50026575 a(DLC#)n 50026575a aDLCcDLCdCUdDLC-RdHkCU c$11 aNakayama, Shigeru,d1928- aHis Senseijutsu, 1963 aKagaku gijutsu to ekoroj{229}i, 1995:bt.p. (Nakayama Shigeru) colophon (r; b. 1928; Ph.D. (from Harvard Univ.); prof., Kanagawa Daigaku; former asst. prof., T{229}oky{229}o Daigaku) a$1!Bs!Ci!O(':`!5=(B, 1999:bp. 2 ($1!04!;e!Th(B) aSc.D1 a$1!04!;e!Th(B,d1928-

From MARC record with EACC encoding

Record conversion (cont’d)To XML record with EACC encoding

<Name tag001 = "000000001" record_type = "00">

<Leader>00681cz 2200193n 4504</Leader>

<Tag tagcode = "003" record_type = "" ind1 = "" ind2 = "">HkCAN</Tag>

<Tag tagcode = "005" record_type = "" ind1 = "" ind2 = "">19960504052613.5</Tag>

<Tag tagcode = "008" record_type = "" ind1="" ind2="">800523n| acannabb| |n aaa </Tag>

<Tag tagcode = "010" record_type = "" ind1=" " ind2="">

<Subfield subfield_code = "a">n 50026575 </Subfield>

</Tag>

…..

<Tag tagcode = "670" record_type = "" ind1=" " ind2="">

<Subfield subfield_code = "a">$1!Bs!Ci!O(':`!5=(B, 1999: </Subfield>

<Subfield subfield_code = "b">p. 2 ($1!04!;e!Th(B) </Subfield>

</Tag>

…….

<tag_type00>$1!04!;e!Th(B, | 1928- | </tag_type00>

<tag_7xx>$1!04!;e!Th(B, | 1928- | </tag_7xx>

</Name>

Record conversion (cont’d)To XML record with UTF-8 encoding

<Name ino:docname="Name:000000001" ino:id="1" record_type="00" tag001="000000001">

<Leader>00681cz 2200193n 4504</Leader>

<Tag ind1="" ind2="" record_type="" tagcode="003">HkCAN</Tag>

<Tag ind1="" ind2="" record_type="" tagcode="005">19960504052613.5</Tag>

<Tag ind1="" ind2="" record_type="" tagcode="008">800523n| acannabb| |n aaa</Tag>

<Tag ind1="" ind2="" record_type="" tagcode="010">

<Subfield subfield_code="a">n 50026575</Subfield>

</Tag>

. ….

<Tag ind1="" ind2="" record_type="" tagcode="670">

<Subfield subfield_code="a"> 日本科学史 , 1999:</Subfield>

<Subfield subfield_code="b">p. 2 ( 中山茂 )</Subfield>

</Tag>

……..

<tag_type00> 中山茂 , | 1928- |</tag_type00>

<tag_7xx> 中山茂 , | 1928- |</tag_7xx>

</Name>

FRBR 的應用

IFLA’s FRBR Model• ER-Model, three groups of entities

• Four operations on entities: search, identify, select, obtain

Item

Workis realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

Translation

Expression

Adaptation Manifestation

Whole/Part

Corporate BodyPerson

Christian Mönch, Trond Aalberg, „ Automatic Conversion from MARC to FRBR”

自動建立 FRBR Instances

RecordsItem

Manifestation

SRecords

Expression

Work

Splitting

SRecordsExpression 1

SRecordsExpression 2

SRecordsWork 2

ExpressionClustering

WorkClustering

SRecordsWork 1

is realized through

• Extract manifestations and items from records

• Identify and split aggregative records

• Cluster record set to identify works

• Cluster work sets to identify expressions

• Create entities from the clusters


Obstacles to the Automatic Creation FRBR Model Instances• Inconsistency of data in catalogs:

– Identical information is represented differently in different records (attributes, syntaxes)

– Erroneous data

• Incompleteness of data in catalogs:– Information necessary for clustering has not been

captured in the records




– Erroneous data

Might be resolved automaticaly,for example, through authority files

• Incompleteness of data in catalogs:– Information necessary for clustering has not been

captured in the records




– Erroneous data

• Incompleteness of data in catalogs:– Information necessary for clustering has not

been captured in the records

Requires additional informationlinked to individual records


博碩士論文以 FRBR 呈現• 作品關連• 師承關連• 引文關連• 後續研究關連 (successor)

• 姐妹研究關連 (has a complement)

電子資源整合檢索

SFX server 提供各種可能的資源

Source 送出 OpenURL

target 提供資源

The Technology Landscape major trends

• An increasingly interconnected environment

• Network services and architecture

• New standards

• Universal access to information

An increasingly interconnected environment

• 為何環境有越來越多的連結需求– 數位時代圖書館需有更多的系統支援– 聯盟的成立及其他的合作計畫迫使系統需連結– 需與非圖書館單位連結，如校園入口網站或教

學系統– 跨應用系統的單一授權服務

An increasingly interconnected environment

• System support– Library management system– Digital object management system– Portal or metasearch system– Resolver/Linker– ILL/resource sharing system

• Growth of formalized sharing

• Interconnecting and interoperability




• New standards


Network services and architecture

• Presentation services

• Application

• Content services

• Common services




• New standards


New standards

• Repository and content standards– OAIS– Preservation– Content packaging– Content exchange– Metadata

• Application– Cross searching: Z39.50– Harvesting: OAI– Resolution: OpenURL– Niche library transaction application: NCIP and ILL




• New standards


Universal access to information

• Semantic web

• Web services

• Grid computing

• Wireless technology

圖書館資訊系統要跟什麼整合• 新的網路環境• 數位出版環境• 數位典藏環境• 數位學習環境

以圖書館自動化系統包括數位圖書館系統，或以數位圖書館系統

包括原圖書館自動化系統功能

典藏庫管理系統與學習物件管理模組設計

Presentation, XSL, CSS, J ava-script, etc...

DO Repository, Meta Repository, Account Management, etc...

X-system Back-end

X-system Front-end

DO metadata一個對應多個

Schema MappingDO-meta --> LOM

●Mapping RuleEditor●Autometic LOMConvert

SCORM PackageCreator

(Asset, SCO,CA)

X-system e-Learning Application

X-system e-Learning Application Structure

Import LO/PIFExport LO/PIF

LO-Meta Editor

DO Repository, Meta Repository, Account Management, etc

System Back-end

Metadata -- DO

Cataloging module Circulation module Browsing and Searching Open linking module

Library Application

FRBR Presentation, XSL, CSS, Java-Script, etc.

System Front-end

典藏庫管理系統與圖書館管理系統之設計

謝謝聆聽敬請批評指教

web 2.0 環境中 數位圖書館的整合服務

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web 2.0 環境中數位圖書館的整合服務