definition of terms polygraph polygraph – is an instrument for the recording of changes in blood...

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Definition of Terms POLYGRAPH POLYGRAPH is an instrument for the recording of changes in blood pressure; pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance as indication of emotional disturbances especially of lying when questioned. The word was derived from the word POLY means many and GRAPHS means writing chart. POLYGRAPH POLYGRAPH is an instrument for the recording of changes in blood pressure; pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance as indication of emotional disturbances especially of lying when questioned. The word was derived from the word POLY means many and GRAPHS means writing chart. www.kertpillora.co.nr

POLYGRAPHY POLYGRAPHY it is the scientific method of detecting deception, using a polygraph machine. FEAR FEAR is emotional response to specific danger that appears to beyond a persons defensive power. STIMULUS STIMULUS is a force or motion reaching the organism and excites the receptors. POLYGRAPHY POLYGRAPHY it is the scientific method of detecting deception, using a polygraph machine. FEAR FEAR is emotional response to specific danger that appears to beyond a persons defensive power. STIMULUS STIMULUS is a force or motion reaching the organism and excites the receptors. www.kertpillora.co.nr

REACTION REACTION it is an action in mental attitude evokes by external influence. DECEPTION DECEPTION is an act of deceiving or misleading usually accompanied by lying. DETECTION DETECTION It is an act of discovery of existence, presence of fact or something hidden or obscure. LYING LYING the uttering or conveying of falsehood or creating a false or misleading information with the intention of affecting wrongfully the acts and opinion of other. REACTION REACTION it is an action in mental attitude evokes by external influence. DECEPTION DECEPTION is an act of deceiving or misleading usually accompanied by lying. DETECTION DETECTION It is an act of discovery of existence, presence of fact or something hidden or obscure. LYING LYING the uttering or conveying of falsehood or creating a false or misleading information with the intention of affecting wrongfully the acts and opinion of other. www.kertpillora.co.nr

RESPONSE RESPONSE is any activity or inhibition of the previous activity of an organism resulting from stimulation. SPECIFIC RESPONSE SPECIFIC RESPONSE is any deviation from the normal tracing of the subject. NORMAL TRACING NORMAL TRACING is a tracing on the chart wherein the subject answered in the irrelevant question. POLYGRAPH EXAMINER POLYGRAPH EXAMINER is one who conducts and administer the test. RESPONSE RESPONSE is any activity or inhibition of the previous activity of an organism resulting from stimulation. SPECIFIC RESPONSE SPECIFIC RESPONSE is any deviation from the normal tracing of the subject. NORMAL TRACING NORMAL TRACING is a tracing on the chart wherein the subject answered in the irrelevant question. POLYGRAPH EXAMINER POLYGRAPH EXAMINER is one who conducts and administer the test. www.kertpillora.co.nr

CHART OR POLYGRAMS CHART OR POLYGRAMS refers to the composite records of pneumograph, Galvanograph and cardiosphygmograph tracings recorded from series of questions. Subject Subject refers to the person being examined. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Early Methods of detecting deception Trial by Combat Trial by Ordeal Trial by Iron Hot Ordeal Ordeal by Balance Ordeal of Rice Chewing Donkeys Tail Ordeal Trial by Combat Trial by Ordeal Trial by Iron Hot Ordeal Ordeal by Balance Ordeal of Rice Chewing Donkeys Tail Ordeal www.kertpillora.co.nr

What is Polygraph? The polygraph is used to test or question individuals for the purpose of detecting deception or verifying truth of statements through a visual, permanent and simultaneous recording of a persons cardiovascular and respiratory pattern as a minimum instrumentation requirement. www.kertpillora.co.nr

A polygraph(commonly referred to as a liedetector) is an instrument that measures and records several physiological responses such as: liedetector blood pressureblood pressure, pulse, respiration and skinpulserespirationskin ConductivityConductivity while the subject is asked and answers a series of questions, on the basis that false answers will produced instinctive measurements. The polygraph measures physiological changes caused by the sympathetic nervous system during questioning.sympathetic nervous system www.kertpillora.co.nr

Within the U.S. federal government, a polygraph examination is also referred to as a PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DETECTION OF DECEPTION (PDD) examination. Several other technologies are also used in the field of lie detection, but the polygraph is the most famous.lie detection Within the U.S. federal government, a polygraph examination is also referred to as a PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DETECTION OF DECEPTION (PDD) examination. Several other technologies are also used in the field of lie detection, but the polygraph is the most famous.lie detection www.kertpillora.co.nr

History of Polygraph The idea that lying produces physical side-effects has long been claimed. In West Africa persons suspected of a crime were made to pass a bird's egg to one another. If a person broke the egg, then he or she was considered guilty, based on the idea that their nervousness was to blame. In ancient China the suspect held a handful of rice in his or her mouth during a prosecutor's speech. Since salivation was believed to cease at times of emotional anxiety, the person was considered guilty if by the end of that speech the rice was dry.West Africabirdancient Chinaricemouthsalivationanxiety www.kertpillora.co.nr

1895 Cesare Lombroso, an Italian scientist, employed the first scientific instrument to detect deception HYDROSPHYMOGRAPH, measured changes in pulse and blood pressure when suspects were questioned about their involvement of a specific offense. www.kertpillora.co.nr

1914 VITTORIO BENUSSI successfully detected deception with a PNEUMOGRAPH an instrument that graphically measures an examinees inhalation and exhalation. Benussi thus demonstrated that changes in breathing patterns accompany deception. www.kertpillora.co.nr

1917 WILLIAM MARSTON which was used to obtain periodic discontinuous blood pressure readings during the course of an examination. Further research by WILLIAM MARSTON in 1917 dealt with the SPHYGMOMANOMETER, which was used to obtain periodic discontinuous blood pressure readings during the course of an examination. www.kertpillora.co.nr

1920 A device recording both blood-pressure and galvanic skin response was invented in 1920 by Dr. John A. Larson of the University of California and first applied in law enforcement work by the Berkeley Police Department under its nationally renowned police chief August Vollmergalvanic skin responseJohn A. LarsonUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyAugust Vollmer www.kertpillora.co.nr

Further work on this device was done by Leonarde Keeler.[2] The first time the term "polygraph" was used was in 1906 by James MacKenzie in his invention the "ink polygraph," which was used for medical reasons. Leonarde Keeler[2] Further work on this device was done by Leonarde Keeler.[2] The first time the term "polygraph" was used was in 1906 by James MacKenzie in his invention the "ink polygraph," which was used for medical reasons. Leonarde Keeler[2] www.kertpillora.co.nr

The Four Major Components PNEUMOGRAPH CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH COMPONENT GALVANOGRAPH COMPONENT KYMOGRAPH COMPONENT PNEUMOGRAPH CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH COMPONENT GALVANOGRAPH COMPONENT KYMOGRAPH COMPONENT www.kertpillora.co.nr

Today, polygraph examiners use two types of instrumentation: analog computerized In the United States, most examiners now use computerized instrumentation. Today, polygraph examiners use two types of instrumentation: analog computerized In the United States, most examiners now use computerized instrumentation. www.kertpillora.co.nr

An analog polygraph instrument Most analog polygraphs are being replaced by digital devices. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Methods of Deception Detection 1. Devices which record the psycho-physiological response. 2. Use of drugs that try to inhibit the inhibitor 3. Hypnotism 4. By observation 5. Scientific Interrogation 6. Confession 1. Devices which record the psycho-physiological response. 2. Use of drugs that try to inhibit the inhibitor 3. Hypnotism 4. By observation 5. Scientific Interrogation 6. Confession www.kertpillora.co.nr

Use of Drugs that Inhibit the Inhibitor Administration of the TRUTH SERUM Narcoanalysis/Narcosysthesis Intoxication with Alcohol Administration of the TRUTH SERUM Narcoanalysis/Narcosysthesis Intoxication with Alcohol www.kertpillora.co.nr

He forgets his alibi which he may have built up to cover his guilt. He may give details of his acts or may even implicate others. The drug acts as depressant in the nervous system. Clinical evidence indicates the various segments of the brain particularly the cortex. Statements taken from the subjects while under the influence of truth serum are evolutionary obtained hence they are not admissible as evidence. He forgets his alibi which he may have built up to cover his guilt. He may give details of his acts or may even implicate others. The drug acts as depressant in the nervous system. Clinical evidence indicates the various segments of the brain particularly the cortex. Statements taken from the subjects while under the influence of truth serum are evolutionary obtained hence they are not admissible as evidence. www.kertpillora.co.nr

HYPNOSIS It is the alteration of consciousness and concentration in which the subject manifests a heightened of suggestibility while awareness is maintained. Not all persons are susceptible to hypnotic induction. Subjects who are compulsive- depressive type, strong-willed like lawyers, accountants, physicians and other professionals are usually non- hypnotizable. It is the alteration of consciousness and concentration in which the subject manifests a heightened of suggestibility while awareness is maintained. Not all persons are susceptible to hypnotic induction. Subjects who are compulsive- depressive type, strong-willed like lawyers, accountants, physicians and other professionals are usually non- hypnotizable. www.kertpillora.co.nr

REASONS: (why it is not admissible in court) It lacks the general scientific acceptance of the reliability of hypnosis per se in ascertaining the truth from falsity. The fear that the Trier of fact will give uncritical and absolute reliability to a scientific device without consideration of its flaw in ascertaining veracity. It lacks the general scientific acceptance of the reliability of hypnosis per se in ascertaining the truth from falsity. The fear that the Trier of fact will give uncritical and absolute reliability to a scientific device without consideration of its flaw in ascertaining veracity. www.kertpillora.co.nr

The possibility that the hypnotized subject will deliberately fabricate. The prospect that the state of heightened suggestibility in which the hypnotized subject is suspected will produce distortion of the fact rather than the truth. The state of the mind, skill and professionalism of the examiner are too subjective to permit admissibility of the expert testimony. The possibility that the hypnotized subject will deliberately fabricate. The prospect that the state of heightened suggestibility in which the hypnotized subject is suspected will produce distortion of the fact rather than the truth. The state of the mind, skill and professionalism of the examiner are too subjective to permit admissibility of the expert testimony. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Physiological & Psychological Symptoms of GUILT www.kertpillora.co.nr

SWEATING- sweating accompanied with a flushed face indicate anger, embarrassment or extreme nervousness. Sweating with a palled face may indicate shock of fear. Sweating hands indicate tension. COLOR CHANGE if the face is flushed, it may indicate anger, embarrassment or shame. A pale face is a more common sign of guilt. DRYNESS OF THE MOUTH nervous tension causes reflex inhibition of salivary secretion and consequently dryness of the mouth. This causes continuous swallowing and licking of the lips. SWEATING- sweating accompanied with a flushed face indicate anger, embarrassment or extreme nervousness. Sweating with a palled face may indicate shock of fear. Sweating hands indicate tension. COLOR CHANGE if the face is flushed, it may indicate anger, embarrassment or shame. A pale face is a more common sign of guilt. DRYNESS OF THE MOUTH nervous tension causes reflex inhibition of salivary secretion and consequently dryness of the mouth. This causes continuous swallowing and licking of the lips. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Excessive activity of the Adams apple - on account of the dryness of the throat aside from the mouth, the subject will swallow saliva from the mouth and this causes the frequent upward and downward movement of the Adams apple. Fidgeting subject is constantly moving about in the chair, pulling his ears, rubbing his face, picking and tweaking the nose, crossing or uncrossing the legs, rubbing the hair, eyes, eyebrows, biting or snapping of fingernails. These are indicators of nervous tension. Excessive activity of the Adams apple - on account of the dryness of the throat aside from the mouth, the subject will swallow saliva from the mouth and this causes the frequent upward and downward movement of the Adams apple. Fidgeting subject is constantly moving about in the chair, pulling his ears, rubbing his face, picking and tweaking the nose, crossing or uncrossing the legs, rubbing the hair, eyes, eyebrows, biting or snapping of fingernails. These are indicators of nervous tension. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Peculiar Feeling Inside there is a sensation of lightness of the head and the subject is confused. This is the result of his troubled conscience. Swearing to the truthfulness of his assertion usually a guilty subject frequently utters such expression. I swear to God I am telling the truth or I hope my mother drops dead if I am lying, I swear to Goetc. Such expressions are make to make forceful and convincing his assertion of innocence. Peculiar Feeling Inside there is a sensation of lightness of the head and the subject is confused. This is the result of his troubled conscience. Swearing to the truthfulness of his assertion usually a guilty subject frequently utters such expression. I swear to God I am telling the truth or I hope my mother drops dead if I am lying, I swear to Goetc. Such expressions are make to make forceful and convincing his assertion of innocence. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Spotless past record - Religious man the subject may assert that it is not possible for him to do anything like that inasmuch as he is a religious man and that he has a spotless record. Inability to look at the investigator straight in the eye the subject does not like to look at the investigator for fear that his guilt may seen in his eyes. He will rather look at the floor or ceiling. Spotless past record - Religious man the subject may assert that it is not possible for him to do anything like that inasmuch as he is a religious man and that he has a spotless record. Inability to look at the investigator straight in the eye the subject does not like to look at the investigator for fear that his guilt may seen in his eyes. He will rather look at the floor or ceiling. www.kertpillora.co.nr

One lies by omission by omitting an important fact, deliberately leaving another person with a misconception. Lying by omission includes failures to correct pre- existing misconceptions. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Lie-to-children www.kertpillora.co.nr

White Lie A white lie would cause no discord if it were uncovered and offers some benefit to the liar, the hearer, or both. White lies are often used to avoid offense, such as telling someone that you think that their new outfit looks good when you actually think that it is a horrible excuse for an outfit. The lie is told to avoid the harmful implications and realistic implications of the truth. A white lie would cause no discord if it were uncovered and offers some benefit to the liar, the hearer, or both. White lies are often used to avoid offense, such as telling someone that you think that their new outfit looks good when you actually think that it is a horrible excuse for an outfit. The lie is told to avoid the harmful implications and realistic implications of the truth. www.kertpillora.co.nr

A noble lie is one that would normally cause discord it if were uncovered, but that offers some benefit to the liar and perhaps assist in an orderly society and thus potentially gives some benefit to others also. It is often told to maintain law, order and safety. A noble lie usually has the effect of helping an elite maintain power. A noble lie is one that would normally cause discord it if were uncovered, but that offers some benefit to the liar and perhaps assist in an orderly society and thus potentially gives some benefit to others also. It is often told to maintain law, order and safety. A noble lie usually has the effect of helping an elite maintain power. www.kertpillora.co.nr

An emergency lie is a strategic lie told when the truth may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would come of it. Example: a neighbor might lie to an engaged husband about the whereabouts of his unfaithful wife, because said husband might reasonably be expected to inflict physical injury to his husband. An emergency lie is a strategic lie told when the truth may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would come of it. Example: a neighbor might lie to an engaged husband about the whereabouts of his unfaithful wife, because said husband might reasonably be expected to inflict physical injury to his husband. www.kertpillora.co.nr

It is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on an material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. Perjury is a crime because the witness has sworn to tell the truth and, for the credibility of the court, witness testimony must be relied on an being truthful. It is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on an material matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law or in any of various sworn statements in writing. Perjury is a crime because the witness has sworn to tell the truth and, for the credibility of the court, witness testimony must be relied on an being truthful. www.kertpillora.co.nr

MISLEADING www.kertpillora.co.nr

A polite term for lying, though some might consider it to refer to being merely misleading. It is merely considered to be a euphemism for lying. A polite term for lying, though some might consider it to refer to being merely misleading. It is merely considered to be a euphemism for lying. www.kertpillora.co.nr

EXAGGERATION An exaggeration occurs when the most fundamental aspect of a statement is true, but the degree to which it is true is not correct. www.kertpillora.co.nr

JOCOSE LIE Are lies that are meant in jest and are usually understood as such by all present parties. Sarcasm can be an example. Storytelling traditions that are present in some places, where the humor comes form the storytellers insistence that he or she is telling that absolute truth despite all evidence to the contrary. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Advertisements often contain statements that are not credible, such as we are always happy to give a refund. www.kertpillora.co.nr

It is alleged that some belief systems may find lying to be justified. Example: Religious lies www.kertpillora.co.nr

Augustines Taxonomy of Lies Lies in religious teaching. Lies that harm others and help no one. Lies that harm others and help someone. Lies told for the pleasure of lying Lies told please others in smooth discourse. Lies that harm no one and that help someone. Lies that harm no one and that save someones life. Lies that harm no one and that save someones purity. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Lying in the Bible The Hebrew midwives lied to the king of Egypt rather than carry out his order to kill all male Hebrew babies; the midwives did this because they feared God. (Exodus 1:15-20) Rahab lied to the king of Jericho about hiding the Hebrew spies (Joshua 2:4-5) and was not killed with those were disobedient because of her faith (Hebrews 11:13) The Hebrew midwives lied to the king of Egypt rather than carry out his order to kill all male Hebrew babies; the midwives did this because they feared God. (Exodus 1:15-20) Rahab lied to the king of Jericho about hiding the Hebrew spies (Joshua 2:4-5) and was not killed with those were disobedient because of her faith (Hebrews 11:13) www.kertpillora.co.nr

Delilah repeatedly accused Samson of lying to her as she interrogated him about the source of his strength. Abaraham instructs his wife, Sara, to lie to the Egyptians and say that she is his sister (Gen 12:10), which leads to the Lord punishing the Egyptians (Gen 12:17-19). Delilah repeatedly accused Samson of lying to her as she interrogated him about the source of his strength. Abaraham instructs his wife, Sara, to lie to the Egyptians and say that she is his sister (Gen 12:10), which leads to the Lord punishing the Egyptians (Gen 12:17-19). www.kertpillora.co.nr

The science of Lie Detection

The Polygraph Instrument www.kertpillora.co.nr

The polygraph instrument usually measures four to six physiological reactions recorded by three different medical instruments that are combined in one machine. Older polygraph machines were equipped with long strips of paper that moved slowly beneath pens that recorded the various physiological responses. Newer equipment uses transducers to convert the information to digital signals that can be stored on computers and analyzed using sophisticated mathematical algorithms. www.kertpillora.co.nr

CARDIO-SPHYGMOGRAPH Blood pressure and heart rate are measured by the cardio-sphygmograph component of the polygraph, which consists of a blood pressure cuff that is wrapped around the subject's arm. During the questioning the cuff remains inflated. Blood pressure and heart rate are measured by the cardio-sphygmograph component of the polygraph, which consists of a blood pressure cuff that is wrapped around the subject's arm. During the questioning the cuff remains inflated. www.kertpillora.co.nr

The movement of blood through the subject's veins generates a sound that is transmitted through the air in the cuff to a bellows that amplifies the sound. The magnitude of the sound relates to the blood pressure and the frequency of the changes in the sound relates to the heart rate. www.kertpillora.co.nr

PNEUMOGRAPH COMPONENT The pneumograph component of the polygraph records the subject's respiratory rate. One tube is placed around the subject's chest and a second is placed around his or her abdomen. These tubes are filled with air. When the subject breaths, changes in the air pressure in the tubes are recorded on the polygraph. www.kertpillora.co.nr

GALVANOGRAPH The galvanograph section records the amount of perspiration produced. It consists of electrical sensors called galvanometers that are attached to the subject's fingertips. The skin of the fingertips contains a high density of sweat glands, making them a good location to measure perspiration. The galvanograph section records the amount of perspiration produced. It consists of electrical sensors called galvanometers that are attached to the subject's fingertips. The skin of the fingertips contains a high density of sweat glands, making them a good location to measure perspiration. www.kertpillora.co.nr

As the amount of sweat touching the galvanometers increases, the resistance of the electrical current measured decreases and these changes are recorded by the polygraph. Most forensic psychophysiologists (FPs) consider the cardiosphygomgraph and the pneumograph components more informative than the galvanograph. As the amount of sweat touching the galvanometers increases, the resistance of the electrical current measured decreases and these changes are recorded by the polygraph. Most forensic psychophysiologists (FPs) consider the cardiosphygomgraph and the pneumograph components more informative than the galvanograph. www.kertpillora.co.nr

KYMOGRAPH Kymograph component is a motor that pulls or drives the chart paper under the recording pen simultaneously at the rate of 6 or 12 inches per minute. www.kertpillora.co.nr

The Examination Room It must be private and free from all outside noise and detracting influences. Adequately lighted and well ventilated Devoid of pictures, paintings, decors or other ornaments. Preferably sound-proof Without any furniture other than a polygraph desk. Subjects chair with arm rest and an examiners stool. With one-way mirror and remote sound system for monitoring the test proceedings to an authorized audience. www.kertpillora.co.nr

The Polygraph Examiner TECHNICALLY, he must have a complete knowledge of the instrument and its capabilities and limitations. MORALLY maintain a high personal integrity and increasing personal proficiency through constant study and research. TECHNICALLY, he must have a complete knowledge of the instrument and its capabilities and limitations. MORALLY maintain a high personal integrity and increasing personal proficiency through constant study and research. www.kertpillora.co.nr

He constantly bears in mind his primary obligation to his subjects is to afford them all possible safeguards against error and must not accept any subjects whose physical or mental health or state makes him unfit. He is an impartial seeker of truth. Never allow his personal feelings, sympathies, or prejudice influence the results of the examination. He constantly bears in mind his primary obligation to his subjects is to afford them all possible safeguards against error and must not accept any subjects whose physical or mental health or state makes him unfit. He is an impartial seeker of truth. Never allow his personal feelings, sympathies, or prejudice influence the results of the examination. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Types of Questions in a Polygraph Test 1. Control Question - preliminary information question 2. Irrelevant Question - 3. Relevant Question - In a polygraph test, the types of questions alternates, the test is passed if the physiological responses during the probable lie control questions are larger than those during the relevant question. Types of Questions in a Polygraph Test 1. Control Question - preliminary information question 2. Irrelevant Question - 3. Relevant Question - In a polygraph test, the types of questions alternates, the test is passed if the physiological responses during the probable lie control questions are larger than those during the relevant question. www.kertpillora.co.nr

3 Phases Of A Polygraph Examination 1. Pre-Test Phase - the examiner discusses with the subject the test issue, review the test questions that will be ask during the test and assess the subjects emotional and physiological suitability to undergo the polygraph test. 2. Testing Phase - subjects physiological responses are recorded as the subject answers a set of questions reviewed earlier. 3. Post Test Phase - examiner reviews test data obtained and interprets the polygraph chart. www.kertpillora.co.nr

* A polygraph test normally lasts between one and a half hours to two and a half hours. * Polygraph test result in the philippines is not admissible in evidence as proof of the guilt of an accused. * Polygraph test is voluntary. * The accuracy of polygraph test is about 90% provided the examiner is competent and the polygraph machine is in good working condition. * Polygraph is an investigative tool. * The principle behind a lie detection test is that when the subject hears a questions which he or she intends to lie, the brain interprets and triggers automatic and uncontrollable physiological changes captured by the polygraph. www.kertpillora.co.nr

Who Uses The Polygraph 1. Law Enforcement Agencies 2. Legal Community 3. Private Sector Kinds of Errors in a Polygraph Test 1. False Positive - occurs when a truthful examinee is reported as being deceptive. 2. False Negative - when a deceptive examinee is reported as truthful. Causes of Polygraph Errors 1. Failure of examiner to properly prepare the examinee for the examination. 2. Misreading of the physiological data on the polygraph charts. 3. Defective polygraph machine. Who Uses The Polygraph 1. Law Enforcement Agencies 2. Legal Community 3. Private Sector Kinds of Errors in a Polygraph Test 1. False Positive - occurs when a truthful examinee is reported as being deceptive. 2. False Negative - when a deceptive examinee is reported as truthful. Causes of Polygraph Errors 1. Failure of examiner to properly prepare the examinee for the examination. 2. Misreading of the physiological data on the polygraph charts. 3. Defective polygraph machine. www.kertpillora.co.nr

1. Stammering; 2. Swearing to or before God that he did not commit the crime; 3. Pointing his guilt to somebody else; 4. Subject refuses to answer questions thru alibis and excuses; 5. He is all the time absent-minded; 6. He is always requesting for repetition of questions; 7. He often asks counter-questions and counter-queries; 8. He often asks permissions to go to comfort-rooms, etc. 1. Stammering; 2. Swearing to or before God that he did not commit the crime; 3. Pointing his guilt to somebody else; 4. Subject refuses to answer questions thru alibis and excuses; 5. He is all the time absent-minded; 6. He is always requesting for repetition of questions; 7. He often asks counter-questions and counter-queries; 8. He often asks permissions to go to comfort-rooms, etc. Signs of Lies and Deceptions www.kertpillora.co.nr

is instructed to sit down properly; listens carefully to all the questions asked; answers all the questions truthfully; must answer all the questions definitely with either YES or NO iis instructed to sit down properly; llistens carefully to all the questions asked; aanswers all the questions truthfully; mmust answer all the questions definitely with either YES or NO www.kertpillora.co.nr

7-12 yrs old Fantastic subject 13-19 yrs old Age of limitation and Idolatry 20-25 yrs old Idealistic and be principled 26-60 yrs old Materialism. Maturity & Responsibility 61-death Memories are fading; Irritability and Senility www.kertpillora.co.nr

1. Emotion as CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCES 2. Emotion as MOTIVES 3. Emotion as RESPONSES

Happy; Elation; Delight; Affection; Joy; Laughter; Annoyance; Worry; Jealousy; Frustration; Shame; 1. Emotion as CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCES

2. Emotion as MOTIVES Emotional Motive as Facilitating Behavior Emotional Motive as Interfering Behavior

External Responses Internal Responses 3. Emotion as RESPONSES

Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Thinks is responsible for your memory, intelligence, your thoughts Controls your autonomic functions heart rate, breathing, homeostasis Controls your immune system protects you from viruses

Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Receives information within a fraction of a second, too minuscule to measure Acts on the external universe allows you to cry, walk, play a musical instrument Utilizes language one of your most advanced functions Possesses emotions creates your affective universe

Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain

Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Left Hemisphere Verbal competence Speaking, reading, thinking & reasoning Processes info in sequence One piece of data at a time logical Right Hemisphere Nonverbal areas Comprehension, spatial relationships, drawing, music, emotion Processes info. As a whole intuitive

Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Left Hemisphere Important for the expression of positive emotion Damage to the L.H. leads to loss of the capacity of joy. Activation in the L.H. leads to tendencies to approach other people. Right Hemisphere Important for the expression of negative emotion Damage to the R.H. may make people euphoric. Activation in the R.H. leads to tendencies to withdraw from people.

Responsible for the distribution of the blood

Responsible for the taking of air into the lungs and also expelling carbon dioxide

External covering of the body consisting essentially of Epidermis, Dermis, and the Hypodermis

The Historical Development of the Polygraph www.kertpillora.co.nr

1895 - first attempt to use a scientific instrument stressing its importance to Lie-Detection CESARE LOMBROSO - an Italian Criminologist and Physicist, who published experiments regarding the presence and absence of blood pressure and pulse rate changes on suspects whose guilt or innocence he sought to be determined.

FIRST PERSON TO USE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS FOR THE PURPOSE OF DETECTING LIES. CESARE LOMBROSO www.kertpillora.co.nr

1 914-VITTORIO BENUSSI Published his researches on respiration changes as indicators of lying and deception www.kertpillora.co.nr

William Moulton Marston In 1915, he made researches on sphygmomanometer's usefulness in detecting lies and deceptions www.kertpillora.co.nr

Improvised and conformingly utilized the techniques Of Benussi

In 1921, he assembled an instrument capable of recording simultaneous physiological changes of blood-pressure, pulse-rates, and respiration www.kertpillora.co.nr

Devised an additional instrument, which consisted of galvanometer for recording what is known as the GSR, to Larson.

Contributed a new device for recording unobserved muscular activities of the arms, thighs and feet.

Devised the Ink Polygraph www.kertpillora.co.nr

Reference: PROFESSIONAL ACADEMY OF THE PHILIPPINES (Criminology File Academy) & CAMILLUS LAUREL ALLEGO, SR. NBI Region 7 www.kertpillora.co.nr

definition of terms polygraph polygraph – is an instrument for the recording of changes in blood...

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