Yin Amfani Da Rundunar Jama’a Ta Hanyar Sadarwa 2.0

GWAMNATIN {ASAR AMIRKA KUNDI NA 16/LAMBA TA 3

Wadda aka Buga a watan Oktobar 2011

Jami’in Gudanarwa Dawn L. McCall Babban Edita Nicholas Namba Darektan Wallafe-wallafe Michael Jay Friedman Darektar Labaru Mary T. Chunko Editar Gudanarwa Ashley Rainey Donahey Manajar Ayyuka Janine Perry Jami’in Zane-zane Chloe D. Ellis Jami’ar Tsara Bangon Mujallar Amy Quach Editar Hotuna Maggie Johnson Sliker Jami’ar Nazari Anita N. Green

Bayanin bangon mujalla: Alamar “Rundunar Jama’a Ta Hanyar Sadarwa 2.0”, na da ala}a da alamar Shirin {ungiyoyin Jama’a na Sakatariyar Amirka, Clinton, don }ir}iro da hanyoyin dogaro da kai, dake da dangantaka da }ungiyoyin jama’ar dake amfani da kayayyakin fasaha. Wa]anda suka ]auko hotuna sune: Andri Setiawan (dake sama, a gefen hagu); sai wa]anda suka bayar da gudunmawar hotunan, kamar Tostan Jokko (dake sama, a gefen dama); sai Manoocher Deghati (a }asa daga hagu); sai Gustav Praekelt da PopTech (a }asa gefen dama) Ofishin Harkokin Shirye-shiryen Watsa Labaru na Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ne, ke wallafa mujallar ta eJournal USA. Kowace mujalla kan binciko manyan al’amurran da {asar Amirka da sauran jama’ar duniya ke fuskanta, da kuma fa]akar da masu karatu, a }asashen duniya, game da martabobi da tunani da kuma cibiyoyi. Ana buga kowace mujalla ta eJournal a cikin Harshen Turanci, sai kuma sauran da ake bugawa cikin harsunan Faransa da na Portugal da na Rasha da kuma na Spain. Akwai ma wa]anda ake fassarawa cikin harsunan Larabci da na {asar China da na Persia. Kowace mujalla na da rukuninta da kundinta da kuma lambarta. Ba dole ba ne kuma duk kuma ra’ayoyin da aka bayyana a cikin mujallolin, su kasance daidai da ra’ayoyi ko kuma manufofin gwamnatin {asar Amirka. Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ba ta da ha}}in duk wani labarin dake cikinsu,

ko kuma ci gaba da amfani da su, a shafukan yanar-gizon dake da ala}a da mujallolin; don irin wannan ha}}in ya rataya yi, kacokam ga mawallafan wa]annan shafukan. Ana iya juyar labaru da hotuna da kuma zane-zanen wannan mujallar, a fassara su, a wajen {asar Amirka, bayan an samu iznin yin hakan, daga wa]anda suka mallake su, a mujallar. Daga Editan Mujallar eJournal USA, IIP/PUBJ Gwamnatin {asar Amirka, Lamba 2200 C Street, NW Birnin Washington, DC 20522-0501, Amirka. Yanar-gizo: eJournalUSA@state.gov

Abubuwan Dake Ciki

{ungiyoyin jama’ar na amfani da shafukan yanar-gizon aikewa da sa}onni, don fa]akar da }ungiyoyin, game da irin zanga-zangar da aka gudanar, a Birnin

Al}ahira, dake {asar Masar, a shekarar 2011.

Wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, na daga cikin na’urori masu sau}in sarrafawa. Amfaninsu ya fara tun daga aikewa da rahotannin tashe-tashen hankula ya zuwa

tunatar da masu ]auke da cutar }anjamau, watau AIDS, da su garzaya don saduwa da likita.

Yin Amfani Da Rundunar Jama’a Ta Hanyar Sadarwa 2.0

MASU TAKA RAWA

4. Rundunar Jama’a: Shine {arfin Jama’a Daga Ingrid Srinath, Babbar Sakatariyar {ungiyar CIVICUS: wata Rundunar Ha]in Gwiwar Tsoma Bakin Jama’ar {asashen Duniya, da ka iya tabbatar da ‘yanci da nuna gaskiya ga kashe ku]a]en jama’a, a dukan rukunonin }ungiyoyi da kuma gwamnati. 10. Muhimmancin Amfanin Ha]e Kan Jama’ar Yankunan Karkara A Duniya Ta Fannin Ya]a Labaru Douglas Rushkoff, wanda mai sharhi ne game da labaru kuma wallafin Shirin nan Turanci mai suna Program or Be Programmed, wanda ya game duniya, ya kuma sa ido game da irin abubuwan dake faruwa a yankunan karkara, a duniya. DOKOKI DA AIWATAR DA SU 17. Sababbin Dokokin Sabon Al’amari: Irin Yadda Jama’a Ke Tasiri A Sabuwar Hanyar Ya]a Labaru Darektan Cibiyar Ya]a Labarun Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Knight, Dan Gillmor, kuma wallafin }asidar Mediactive and We the Media, ya bayyana cewa, Tsoma Baki Na Da Muhimmanci A Zamanin Sabuwar Hanyar Ya]a Labaru. Labarun Gefe: Tasirin Sanin Harkokin Watsa Labaru Rundunar Jama’a Rukuni Na 2.0 Katie Dowd, mai bayar da shawara game da harkokin dabaru ce, ga Sakatariyar Gwamnatin {asar Amirka, Hillary Rodham Clinton Manufar Rundunar Jama’a Rukuni Na 2.0, ita ce ta taikama wa }ungiyoyin jama’a, wajen }ara ma su }arfin ]aukar ]awainiya. {UNGIYOYIN DAKE AIKI DA FASAHA 24. Dangantakar Fasahar Ya]a Labaru Da {ungiyoyin Jama’a: Gabatarwa {ungiyoyin Rundunar Jama’a na amfani da fasahar ya]a labaru, wajen shawo kan bala’in sidan-}adaran, da magance cin hanci da rashawa da kuma }ara wa jama’a }warin gwiwa. FAGEN NAZARCE-NAZARCE10

29. Yin Amfani Da Na’urorin Zamani Wajen Magance Bala’i Daga Taswirar Ushahidi: ta {asar Rasha Shirin Roomdonor.jp na {asar Japan Harkokin Sadarwar Télécoms Sans Frontières, a {asar Pakistan 35. Magance Cin Hanci da Rashawa Daga {asidun Zero Rupee, na {asar India {awancen Tabbatar da Adalci, na {asar Slovakia Shirin ProPublica, na {asar Amirka 39. Yadda Kafofin Watsa Labaru Ke Ceto Wararru Daga Taswirar HarassMap, ta {asar Masar Ayyukna Masiluleke, na Afrika ta Kudu Tawagar {awancen Yanar-gizo, ta {asar Kyrgyzstan Ayyukan {ungiyar Proyecto ACCESO Tec, a Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Nahiyar Amirka 43. {arin Bayanai

Rundunar Jama’a: Shine {arfin Jama’a Daga Ingrid Srinath

Rundunar jama’a ta }unshi }ungiyoyi da cibiyoyin dake taimakawa, da kuma

kula da jama’a, da lafiyarsu da kuma ‘yancinsu. Ayyukan rukunonin }ungiyoyin jama’ar kan taimaka wa gwamnatoci da kamfanoni, koda kuwa ga gina sabuwar makaranta ne, a yankin karkara, ko kuma wanda ya shafi duniya, kamar ya}ar cutar }anjamau, watau HIV/AIDS. Haka kuma, rundunar jama’a na da gagarumar rawar takawa kuma abokiyar tafiya ce. Kamar yadda ]imbin jama’a, a duniya, ke }ara sanin irin yadda ake amfani da na’uroriri, masu }wa}walwa da wayoyin tarho da kuma na’urorin aikewa da sa}onni, na tafi-da-gidanka, haka }ungiyoyin jama’a suka dage a kai. Rundunar jama’a ta fara amfani da wa]annan abubuwan da ake kira “fasahohin ha]e kan jama’a” ne, (alal misali, wayoyin tarhon tafi-da-gidanka, da yin amfani da taswirori da kuma linzaman ha]a kan jama’a), wajen inganta lafiya, da }o}arin tabbatar da gaskiya, da inganta ‘yancin ]an adam da kuma tabbatar da adalci. Fasahar sarrafa na’urorin ha]a kan jama’ar ta danganci masu amfani da ita. Bugu da }ari, }ungiyoyin jama’a na amfani da fasahar, matu}a, wajen gudanar da ayyukansu da kuma fa]a]a damar irin yadda ake amfani da su. Wannan fitowar ta mujallar eJournal USA, ta binciko irin wainar da ake toyawa, a tsakanin rundunar jama’a da kuma fasaha, kazalika da bayar da dama, ta misalign irin yadda }ungiyoyin jama’a ke binciko yin amfani da fasahar, don ]aga muryar marasa galihu da gidajen gajiyayyu. Edita

Runduna: Ita Ce {arfin Jama’a Daga Ingrid Srinath

“A duk tsakanin kowace kan iyakar dake kewayen kowace }asa, akwai

jama’a, da dama, dake da abin cewa, amma bai fa]uwa.” Wa]annan sune kalaman dake kan teburina, na {ungiyar CIVICUS: Wani {awancen Jama’a, Na Shiga Harkoki. Su kuma ke tuna min da irin }alubalan da ake fuskanta, a kullum, da kuma ]imbin damar da }ungiyoyin jama’a ke da ita, a kullum.

[alibai ne, daga kowane yanki na {asar Brazil, ke zanga-zanga a gaban Majalisar {asar, don nuna rashin amincewarsu da yadda ake musgunawa mata. Rundunar Jama’a ba ta da wani tasiri, sai jama’a sun ha]a kawunansu, don dunfarar samun

biyan wata bukatarsu.

{ungiyoyin Rundunar Jama’a, wadanda suka ha]a da }ungiyoyi masu zaman

kansu, watau NGO, da }ungiyoyin kyautata jin da]in jama’a da kafofin watsa labaru, da }ungiyar masana da }ungiyoyin agaji, na addinai, da }ungiyoyin }wadago da kuma }ungiyoyin jama’a, na taimakawa, wajen tabbatar da wakilcin kowa, ta hanyar kare wa]anda gwamnati da kamfanoni ke nuna wa bambanci. Rundunar Jama’a na tallafa wa }o}arin gwamnatoci da kamfanoni, wajen binciko dabarun warware manyan matsalolin da kowa da kowa ke fuskanta, ciki kuwa har da harkokin kiwon lafiya da ilmi, da shari’a da tattalin arziki da al’adu da fasaha da kuma gudanar da mulki. A ta}aice, irin ‘yancin da jama’a ke samu, tun daga gudanar da harkokin za~e da kuma na kasuwanci, ke haifar da ‘yancin }ungiyoyin jama’a, na samun }arfin gwiwar dumfarar al’amurra da warware matsalolin da ba a

sani ba, ko wa]anda suka da]e suna haddabar jama’a. Amma, mafi muhimmanci shine }ungiyoyin jama’ar }asa da kuma duniya, su ri}a bincikar duk wa]ansu bukatun jama’arsu, ta hanyoyi dabam daban, domin biyan bukatun jama’arsu, da kuma rataya ha}}in bayyana yadda ake kashe ku]a]en jama’a, a wuyan gwamnati da kamfanoni, a duk lokacin da aka same su da kasawa. A lokutta da dama, inda ayyukan gwamnati da kamfanoni ba su, ko kuma suka kasa biyan bukatun dukan abinda jama’arsu ke so, to }ungiyoyin jama’a, ke yun}urawa, don cike wannan gi~in. Tarihi ya nuna muhimmancin rundunar jama’a, wajen agaza wa al’umma, ya Allah, a cikin gida, ko kuma a waje. Rundunar Duniya A yau, irin tantaunawar da ake yi game da “rundunar jama’a” sai }aruwa take yi, a tsakanin ‘yan siyasa da ‘yan kasuwa da kafofin watsa labarum dake duniya. An bayar da ma’anoni, da dama game da wannan al’amari, amma, a gaskiya, rundunar jama’a ita ce abinda aka dogara, a kai, fiye da na dangi, wajen ha]e kan al’adu da muhallin harkokin gwamnati, ko kuma na kasuwanci, don ganin an samu biyan bukata. Dakarun rundunar jama’a, sun faro ne, tun daga }ungiyoyin ma}wabta da kuma dabarun }ungiyoyin addinai, har ya zuwa }warewar }ungiyoyin NGO da na duk wani }wance dake duniya.

Da taimakon gidan redio, wannan mutumin, ]an kabilar Pashtun, ke iya sauraren jawaban babbar majalisar dattijan Kabiyar Afghan, mai suna loya jirga, wa]anda

ke gudanr da tarurruka don tantaunawa da kuma sasanta al’amurran }asa, a Birnin Kabul, na {asar Afghanistan.

Jama’ar {asar Pakistan, dake Birnin Karachi, sun gudanar da wani taron gangami, don nuna rashin amincewarsu da ayyukan ta’addanci. Rundunar Jama’a ta taimaka, wajen gano mafitar da ake amfani da ita, a yau, wajen fuskantar duk wata }alubala.

‘Yan {ungiyar Bayar da Agajin Gina Gidaje Kyauta, wata }ungiyar dake ayyuka domin tausayi, ke gina gidaje ga mabu}ata, a Birnin Detroit, na Jihar Michigan.

Rundunar Jama’a, kan ha]a kan mutane, komai bambancin asalinsu da kuma addininsu, don yi wa jama’a hidima.

Manufofin Rundunar Jama’a na iya rarrabuwa, tun daga gudanar da ayyuka, a yankunan karkara, na share hanyoyi da gina sababbin makarantu, ya zuwa wanda ya shafi }asashen duniya, na kawo }arshen gur~acewar yanayi ko kuma kawo zaman lafiya, a duniya. Duk kuma wani ci gaban da aka samu, game da ‘yanci da walwalar ]an adam, ta samo asali ne daga rundunar jama’a. Nasarorin da jama’a suka samu, a da, sun ha]a da }arfafa harkokin shugancin mulkin demokra]iyya da kawar da bauta da kare ‘yancin watsa labaru, da kuma fa]ar albarkacin baki, da kakkafa cibiyoyin haramta nuna wa ‘yan tsiraru da mata da }ananan yara da kuma ma’aikata bambanci, kazalika da ha]a hannu da }asashe kan al’amurran da suka fara tun daga rarraba kayayyakin agaji, ya zuwa dangantakar }asashen duniya, da harkokin sadarwa da kuma kula da miyagun cututtuka. A duk lokacin da }ananan }ungiyoyin talakawa, maza da mata, suka bukaci abinda kowa zai amfana, sun fi samun gagarumar nasara. Fa]awa Shugabanni Gaskiya

Kamar yadda jama’ar }asa ke nuna }wazonsu, na ha]e kan jama’a dangane da }wato ‘yancinsu da walwalarsu, haka }arfinsu ke mur}ushe duk wani }o}arin shugabannin dake neman danne su. A shekarun da suka wuce, wa]ansu gwamnatoci na tsagaita ‘yancin da }ungiyoyin jama’a ke bun}asa, a fannin fa]ar albarkacin baki, da ‘yancin kafa }ungiyoyi ko gudanar da tarurruka da kuma ‘yancin watsa labaru, inda suke fakewa da cewa, suna yin barazana ga harkokin }asa, ko kuma tsaron tattalin arziki.

“Ci gaban da za a samu, a {arni na 21, ya danganta ne ga irin }wazon da kowa zai nuna na ha]a kai ga biyan bukata da samun galaba kan shugabanni.” In ji Sakatariyar Gwamnati Hillary Rodham Clinton, ranar 3 ga watan Yulin 2010

Gwamnati da }ungiyoyin masu hannu da shuni, na ta kafa dokoki da nuna }arfi da kuma wa]ansu dabaru, kazalika da danniya da ~atunci da zuba ido da ~atarwa da gallaza azaba da kuma kisan gilla, don dakushe wa jama’a ‘yanci da hana }ungiyoyin jama’a gudanar da muhimman ayyukansu, na kula da yadda ake gudanar da shugabanci. {o}arin Daidaita Al’amurra A Duniya Tun farkon {arni na 20, ake ta ja-in-ja, game da }o}arin da jama’a ke yi na }wato ‘yancinsu, da samar wa kawunansu makoma, don more rayuwarsu da ta magada, da yarjejeniyar samun biyan bukatunsu da gwamnati da kasuwanni da kafofin watsa labaru da kuma }ungiyoyin jama’a. A kullum, ake }alubalantar wannan al’amari, da kuma wanzuwar mulkin demokra]iyya, kazalika da gwamnatocin kama-karya, yayinda }ungiyoyin jama’a ke ta }o}arin tabbatar da yin gaskiya, wajen kashe ku]a]en jama’a da nuna gaskiyar a fannin shugabanci. Ta ]ayan ~angaren kuma, tattalin arzikin duniya da canjin yanayi da kisan gilla da barazanar ta’addanci da tashe-tashen hankula, na bukatar kulawar jama’ar da kuma rundunarsu. Samun gudanar da da adalci da zaman lafiya da mafita, mai ]orewa, ga wannan }alubalar, na bukatar taimakon rundunar jama’a. Idan har aka samu ha]in kai da lalubo mafita da }ara ]aga muryoyi, to, rundunar jama’a na iya tabbatar da adalci da nuna gaskiya da daidaita kashe ku]a]en jama’a, a kowane rukuni na gwamnati da kuma al’umma.

Ingrid Srinath ita ce babbar sakatariyar {ungiyar CIVICUS: wani }awancen tsoma bakin jama’a da }awancen }ungiyoyin jama’a, a duniya, dake sadaukar da kai wajen }arfafa yun}urin jama’a da na rundunarsu, a dukan ]aukacin duniya, musamman a fannonin tsoma baki, ga harkokin mulkin demokra]iyya da inda ake tauye ‘yancin jama’a na kafa }ungiyoyi. Ba dole ba ne, ra’ayoyin da aka bayyana, a wannan }asidar su samu nasaba da ra’ayoyi da kuma manufofin gwamnatin {asar Amirka.

Wakilan {ungiyar “Mutunta Kanka”, (Respect Yourself), mai fafitikar ya}ar musgunawar da ake yi wa mata. A {asar Masar ce, ta kira taronta, a Birnin Al}ahira. Rundunar Jama’a ta taimaka, wajen kururuta fa]ar albarkacin bakin wa]anda ba su da galihu, a cikin al’umma.

Muhimmancin Amfanin Ha]ewar Kan Jama’ar Yankunan Karkara A Duniya

Ta Fannin Ya]a Labaru Daga Douglas Rushkoff

Kafofin watsa labaru ke haifar da ha]in kan jama’a, har a }auyukan duniya,

kuma kafofin watsa labarum ke }ir}iro da abinda jama’ar duniya ke lura da su.

A duk lokacin da yawaita yin kayayyaki ke maye gurbin kayayyakin da ake yi,

cikin gida, masana’antu kan }awata kayayyakinsu, irin yadda aka canja tambarin garin kunun Quaker Oats, don ya maye gurbin wanda ake da shi, a da.

Yawaitar da yin amfani da yanar-gizo, a farkon shekarun 1990, ya kasance

hanya, mafi sau}in da ya zama wata ]oriya ga irin ayyukan da kafofin watsa labaru ke yi, a da. Sai ga shi duniyar ta wadatu da dukan abubuwan da ake bukata, tun daga lemun kwalba na Coke da abincin McDonald, ya zuwa wasan kwaikwayon Cosby da shirin Baywatch, wanda ya wuce tunani da sha’awar hukumomin }asashen Turai. Haka al’amarin }ir}iro mujallar nan mai suna Wired, wadda aka yi wa la}abi da guguwar “tsunami”, na ]aya daga cikin hanyoyin da (ake sa ran za ta mamaye Gabas da Yamma), kuma mu ma ta ha]iye mu.

Amma, ba haka kafofin watsa labarum ya kamata su kasance ba. Amfaninsu ga duniya, da kuma harkokin }asashe, ya ragu, wajen dakushe kaifinmu, da kuma tsagaita yun}urinmu, na kai wa ga biyan bukata. Ba don komai ba, sai don fasahar wata labarum ta sha bamban da wannan. Ta kuma bambanta da kafofin watsa labarun da aka sani, a da, irin su rediyo da telebijin, a lokacin da ma]abi’o’i suka bambanta da rubutun hannu, ko irin yadda ake karanta al}alumman rubutun. Masana harkokin watsa labarin, Marshall McLuhan, ya fito da abinda ya kira “zauren duniya”, don ya bayyana irin abubuwan da kafofin watsa labaru, na zamani, suka kawo, kafin zuwansa duniya, a cikin shekarun 1960. Shekaru, da dama, kafin a fara nuna }yama ga ha]ewar }asashen duniya, a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, McLuhan ya lura cewa, kafuwar irin wannan zauren na duniya, ya danganta ne da ha]ewar duk wani al’amari na duniya, ya Allah na ikon gwamnatocin }asashe ne, da abinda ya shafi talakawa, wanda na iya sallace ha~akar duk wani ha]in kan da duniya. Wanene, ba wanene ba: Kafofin Wata Labaru ne, ko Yanar-gizo? Ha~akar harkokin masana’antu, sun wuce sanin kafofin watsa labaru. Sababbi da kuma manyan masu shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labarum, sai suka ~ullo da hanyoyin }awata ayyukansu, don janyo hankalin abokan hul]ar da ba su fahimci ingancin kayayyaki ba. Wajen zana hotunan garin kunun Quaker, a kan kwalin garin, ko wani mutum-mutumin dake bayar da dariya, a kan kwalin garin alkama, sai wa]annan masana’antun suka ri}a amfani da hanyar }awatarwa, don maye gurbin zahirin hotunan masu masana’antun. Sai kuma aka ri}a amfani da gidajen rediyon da telebijin, wajen yayata wannan hanyar da }awata kayayyaki, a dukan fa]in {asar Amirka, da duniya baki ]aya, don masu saye su }ara nuna sha’awar yadda aka }awata su, kamar yadda dillalan kayayyakin suka nuna. Ba ba Ankara ba, sai duk hankulan yankuna da na }asa, daga bisani kuma, na duniyar, ya koma ga wannan }awatarwar da makamantansu. Bugu da }ari, sai kasuwanni suka fara ha~aka tare da tattalin arziki da samar da ayyuka, har ma da darajar kayayyakin. As McLuhan predicted, the former village became global. Kafofin watsa labaru ne ke ~ullo da tantaunawa tsakanin manyan masana harkokin shirye-shiryen gidajen rediyo, da kuma jama’ar duniya, baki ]aya. Wa]anda kuma ke tafiyar da harkokin sadarwa ne ke mamaye tantaunawar.

A lokutta da dama kuma, muna iya “mayar da martani” ga ‘yan siyasa da masana shirye-shiryen, ta yin amfani da }uri’unmu ko kuma sayen shirye-shiryensu. Idan har ta ~aci, sai mu yi amfani da kasawar gidajen watsa labarun, wajen toshe bakin tantaunawar, don nuna cewa, ba ta da amfani. Idan aka kamanta, gidajen watsa labaru na kawo dan}on zumunci da wa]ansu sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa za su haifar. Idan kuma aka bar mu, muka yi samu biyan bukatan nuna amincewarmu da rashinta, da aikewa da wasi}un yanar-gizo, kai tsaye, ko yin }orafi abinda ke damunmu, to, za mu iya }ir}iro da hanyoyi biyu, na kai kukanmu da kuma mayar da martini. Fasahar watsa labaru Ta dam}a ma na duk wani abinda ya shafi labaru, a hannuwanmu. Mun }aura daga matsayin masu sauraren labaru: Mun zama masu shirye su,

A ranar tunawa da shekaru goma, na zanga-zangar demokra]iyya, da aka yi, a Dandalin Tiananmen, a 1989, wani mutum ya ]auko hoton wata tutar da aka kafa,

a dandalin, dake Birnin Beijing.

Irin yadda ake }ara yin kayayyaki, don maye gurbin wa]anda ake yi, a da, masu masana’antu na amfani da }awata kayayyaki, irin su tambarin garin kunun Quaker

Oats, don maye gurbin hotunan manyan ‘yan kasuwar da ake sanyawa.

Ba kamar telebijin ba, radiyo da sauran kafofin watsa labaru, na }ara wa jama’a, }warin gwiwar tantauna al’amurra, a tsakanin mutane.

Gwa-da-Gwa Shine “Fahimta” A Kafofin Watsa Labaru Ga Jama’a

Mafi muhimmanci shine, lokacin da kafofin watsa labaru ke ingiza mu zuwa ga tsoma baki ga harkokin duniya, da laulayinsu, haka kafofin watsa labarun, na zamani, ke ka]a akalarmu zuwa ]ayan ~angaren. Kafofin watsa labarun, na zamani, ba suna inganta dukan abubuwan da muke ji daga jama’a ba ne, ka]ai, har ma bayar da ]imbin goyon baya ga shugabani, da kuma }ara wa jama’a }warfin gwiwar tantaunawa, a tsakaninsu. Wannan kuma shine babban al’amarin, kuma abinda yake kawo bambancin, wanda idan kafofin watsa labaru, na zamani, ba su hanzarta kira ko amsawar dake tsakanin shugabannin da talakawa ba; to, sukan haifar da ]aukacin tantaunawa, game da harkokin da suka shafi halittu, da har za a samu mafita, daga wannan karkatacciyar zantawar. Maimakon kuma mu ri}a neman, a yi ma na jagora, jama’a kan ri}a yin waige, wajen neman mafita. Wannan kuma shi ke }ara tabbatar ma na da yin tunani, tun daga }asa, ya zuwa kan kowannemu. Wannan kuma shi ake kira kafar wata labarum fahimtar jama’a. Hanya, mafi sau}i, ta tuna irin yadda wa]annan kafofin wata labarun ke aiki, sau}in fahimta gareta, a kan tafin hannuwanmu. Kafofin watsa labaru, na zamani, ne ke kawo su, cikin hannuwanmu. Don haka, mun tashi daga matsayin masu ji, mun zama masu shiryawa. Kuma mun gwammace da mu yi amfani da }ananan wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, da na’urorin ]aukar hotonsu, ba tare da sanin abinda ke faruwa a wani yanki ba, amma, don sanin abinda ke faruwa, a tsakaninmu. Yanzu abokanmu, na iya aike ma na, da sa}onni, tangaram, ta linzamin tweeter, game da duk wata hajar da aka }awata, domin kafofin watsa labarunmu, sun ma na komai, tamkar yadda wata gwamnati ko wani kamfani zai yi. Ta hanyar da duk wani mai amfani da kafar wata labaru zai janyo hankalinmu, ita ce, ya fa]a ma na abinda rayukanmu ke so. Wannan ne ke daidaita duk wata dangantakarmu, da zamantakewarmu da kuma kyautata jin da]inmu, na ‘yan adam. A wannan }arnin, na yin amfani da na’urorin watsa labaru, na zamani, muna gudanar da al’amurra, daidai da matsayinmu, na mutane, ko iyaye, ko ma’aikata, ko kuma shugabannin jama’a. Yau gari ya waje mana, saboda }arin hanyoyi da kyawawan abubuwan da muke samu, fiye da dodoridon da cibiyoyi da duniyar, baki ]aya, ke nuna ma na, a da. Wannan kuma ne dalilin da ya kawo ya]uwar nuna kangara, a kafofin watsa labarum, na zamani, tun daga Boren {asashen Larabawa ya zuwa, haifar da

gagarumar jam’iyyar nan ta True Finn, ya zuwa tarurrukan }yamar mulkin mallaka, a {asar Spain, haka kuma ake mayar da hankali da tsarawa da kuma tunzura jama’a. Abinda Ya Shafi Karkara Ya Kuma [ime Duniya Lokacin da irin hakan ta faru, shine lokacin da gidajen telebijin, masu amfani da tauraruwar ]an adam, suka kawar da ma]abi’o’in buga litattafai. Amma, maimakon bukatun }asa su bayar da wuri ga wannan zaunen duniya, na McLuhan, sai zamanin ya fa]a cikin kauracewa na’urorin ]aukar hoton kafofin watsa labaru, ya zuwa wa]anda ake da su, da na gargajiya. Yayinda kafofin watsa labaru, na gargajiya, ke }ara ingiza mu ga harkokin duniya, da laulayinsu, a farkon rabin {arni na 20, kafofin watsa labaru, na zamani, sai }ara ingiza mu suke yi, ta ]ayan ~angaren, a {arni na 21. Suna }ara mana }warin gwiwar zurfafa tunani, da aiwatar da ayyuka, koda mutum ]aya ne, tun daga }asa, har sama. Idan muka yi watsi da wannan canjin, to, za mu zama marasa kata~us, na fahimta, da kuma kwarjini, da sababbin al’amurran dake faruwa da kuma irin }warin gwiwar da al’umma ke samu daga na’urorin na zamani. Muhimmancin kafafen watsa labarun zamani, shine na gina al’umma, yadda ya kamata. Irin ci gaban da aka samu, kwanan nan, dangane da harkokin fasaha, irin su wayar tafi-da-gidanka, da shafukan kyautata jin da]i na yanar-gizo, ya fayyace ma na hanyoyin da za mu yi musayar masaniya da sadarwa da bai wa kawunanmu shawarwari kan bukatunmu. Wannan ci gaban, na }arawa al’umma }arfi, a inda ke da akwai, ya kuma }ara dan}on zumunci, a inda babu shi. Idan muka gutsure tsawon shingen bayar da bayai da kuma ya]a su, to, miliyoyin masu tsara shirye-shirye da sauraren kafofin watsa labaru, za su iya tsarawa, da sadarwa da koyo da kuma tsoma baki, a }asashensu da yankunansu, ba tare da wata tsangwama ba. Tunda mun samu fasahar watsa labarun zamani, a hannuwanmu, to, duk wanda ba ya fa]a, a ji, zai samu }arfin tsoma baki ga harkokin al’umma, da fa]a]a }ara yayata duk wani tunanin da muke da bambanci game da shi. Al’umma A Lokacin Na’urorin Zamani Kada mu yi tsammanin gobe za ta zo ma na da sau}i. Daga inda kafofin watsa labarun, na zamani, suka kai ma}ura, a matsayinsu na kafofin fa]ar albarkacin baki, to, wannan nauyin, kamar na sauran kayayyakin aiki, zai koma wa masu amfani da shi. Fasaha, ka]ai, ba za ta share ma na hawaye ba. Samun nasarar yin amfani da kafofin watsa labaru, na zamani, don kyautata jin da]in jama’a, za ta bukaci, ba }wazo da dabara, ka]ai ba, har ma kyakkyawar manufar masu aiwatarwa, da kuma yin taka tsan-tsan da zurfin bincike da lura da masu amfani da ita.

Idan kuma ana son samun nasarar ka]a akalar sabon fagen watsa labarun, na zamani, da na masu gabatar da manufofi, da }wararru, da }ungiyoyi, masu zaman kansu, da gwamnatoci, to, dole, mu guji kwa]ayin gudanar da su, da ji~intar juna, ta hanyar mafi dacewa, a dukan yankunan duniya, kazalika da kula da yankunan karkara, tun daga }asa har ya zuwa sama, da cunkushewar kafofin yanar-gizo, irin su tweeter, da sa}onnin Facebook, da kuma ci bun}asar shafin Foursquare. Sai kuma a bar jama’a da za~in da suke so. Douglas Rushkoff ne wallafin littafin nan, na kwanan nan, mai suna Program or Be Programmed. Yana kuma daga cikin manyan Kamfanin {wararru na TMT Strategic Partners. Ba dole ba ne, ra’ayoyin da aka bayyana, a wannan }asidar, ya kasance daidai da ra’yoyi ko kuma manufofin gwamnatin {asar Amirka.

Irin yadda kafofin watsa labaru, na zamani, suka tabbata a hannuwanmu, ya sa mun tashi daga matsayinmu, na masu ji, ya zuwa masu tsarawa.

Wani masanin harkokin yanar-gizo ne, na {asar Tunisia, Wissem Zghaier, ke aiki da na’ura mai }wa}walwa, ta tafi-da-gidanka, a wani zaunen aikewa da sa}onnin

yanar-gizo, dake ha~en birnin garin Tunis.

Na’urori irin su

wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka ba su ne, ke kawo canji ba. Tabbatar da yin amfani da fasaharsu, ta zamani, don kyautata jin da]in jama’a, ita ce muhimmiya.

Ba a ta~a samun lokacin da jama’a suka wadata da labaru ba, irin wannan

lokacin. Kuma ba a ta~a samun lokacin da ake fuskantar }alubala ba, irin wannan.

Sababbin Dokokin Sabon Al’amari: Irin Yadda Jama’a Ke Tasiri A Sabuwar

Hanyar Ya]a Labaru Daga Dan Gillmor

Naveen Selvadurai, (dake gefen hagu), na ]aya daga cikin wa]anda suka }ir}iro shafin yanar-gizon Foursquare, tare da Dennis Crowley, a ofishinsu dake Birnin New York. Yin amfani da na’urorin watsa labaru, na zamani, na bukatar koyon

sababbin dabaru.

{arni na 21, zamani ne, na wadatar harkokin watsa labaru, lokacin da ake

aiwatar da juyin juya-halin mulkin demokra]iyya da }ir}iro mafita, da rarraba ta. Kusan kowa na iya wallafa wani abu, kuma kusan kowa na iya ganin sa. Amma, wannan wadatar ta ya]a labaru, na iya kai mu ga ru]ami. Ga wa]ansu, wannan kwararowar da labaru ke yi, na iya kawo jibgaro. Ya]uwar sababbin kafofin watsa labarum, fiye da wa]anda ake da su, a da, na iya kawo ambaliyar masaniyar da gasgata ta zai iya wuya. Kodayake babu wata kafar watsa labarun da za a ce, ta fi zama gaskiya, yanke shawara wanda z aka gasgata, a wannan marrar da ake ciki, a yau, na da wuyar gaske. Kafofin Watsa Labarun Jama’a Sababbin kafofin watsa labarum suna ~arkowa ne, daga }asashen dake gudanar da mulkin demokra]iyya, wanda zan iya kira “kafofin watsa labarun al’umma.” A bisa ga tafarkin “mulkin demokra]iyya”, ba zan ~age da harkar za~e ba, amma, shigar yinsa, domin duk wanda ke da damar yin amfani da fasahar zamani, irin su wayar tafi-da-gidanka, ko na’ura mai }wa}walwa, na iya watsa labaru. Kowane mahaluki, ko }ungiya, dake fa]in duniyar nan, na amfani da sababbin hanyoyin watsa labaru, don aikewa da sa}onnin kashin kansu, irin na kafofin watsa labarun da aka saba da su. Ayyukan kafofin watsa labarun al’umma, na da ]imbin yawa, kuma muhimmancinsu sai }ara tabbata yake yi. Alal misali, kafofin watsa labarun al’umma, sun taka rawar gani, a manyan tarurrukan boren da suka faru, kwanan nan, a Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma Arewacin Afrika. Ko ga gwamnatocin dake zaune lafiya, ana samun gur~atar watsa labaru kan al’amurra, kuma al’amurran, da wuya, idan wata kafar watsa labaru ta ta~a bayyana su. Amma, ba za a ]auki labarun su zama ]aya ba. Muddin kafar labarun na fayyacewa, to, da wuya a }aryata ta, ko ma a yi tsammanin }age ne, wanda na iya sa a ri}a karanta ta, ko a saurare ta, ko kuma a ri}a kallonta. Tsage gaskiya da inganci da }arin tabbacin labarun, sun danganta da irin wuraren da suka fito. A wannan zamanin, na ya]uwar kafofin watsa labaru, nauyin fito da ingantattun labaru, ba a wuyan ma’aikatan kafar ka]ai ya rataya ba, har ma masu sauraren da za su karas da ayyukan sabuwar kafar. Don kuma gane cikakken adalcin kafar watsa labaru, dole mai saurare ya fara da fayyace, ~atacce da mai yiwuwa da kuma ingantacce. Yayinda aka tanka]e ayyukan wata sabuwar kafar watsa labaru, aka kuma gano aibinta, to, mun kuru. A halin yanzu, na’urori da dabaru iri-iri na ta bayyana, don taimaka ma na bincikar kwararowar sababbin labaru, bisa ga irin karakainar da fasa

da kuma kafofin ke gabatarwa. Amma, mafi abinda ke da muhimmanci ba ya cikin al’amarin na fasaha. Maimakon haka, tunaninmu da bin diddi}i da }wazon tantance al’ada da tunani da }wa}}warar manufa, na daga cikin ginshi}an abubuwan alfaharinmu, a duk lokacin da muke tantance labarun kafofin watsa labaru, a yau. Mulkin demokra]iyya bai tsaya ga za~e ba ka]ai. Shiga harkar za~en na da muhimmanci ga kafar wata labarun dake da adalci. Dole mu koyi yin amfani da kafofin watsa labaru, ta hanyar shiga, a yi da mu, da saurare da }ir}iro da namu ingantattun labarun. Wannan kuma shine tafarkin zamani, game da abinda ake kira “ilmin kafofin watsa labaru,” kuma babu abinda ya fi wannan muhimmanci. (a duba labarun gefe, a shafi na 20, game da “Manufofin Ilmin Kafofin Watsa Labaru.”) Ha}}in Sababbin Kafofin Watsa Labaru Ga Kare Halittu Idan rediyo ta bayyana wani }awancen siyasa, da wata jam’iyyar siyasa ko hukumar gwamnati, to, dole a fayyace wa mai saurare gaskiyar al’amarin. Idan kuma akwai wata dokar da za ta shafi harkokin wata jarida, to, dole a fayyace wa jaridar wa]annan dokokin. Duk wanda zai }ir}iro wani abu, a kafar watsa labaru, to, ya kamata ya bayyana yadda yake aiki, wannan ne zai sa masu sauraro su gasgata shi. Irin yadda kafofin ya]a labarun kare halittu ke ~arkowa, yana da armashi, idan har suna da wata sar}a}}iyar da za a gane cewa duniyar ta mu ce. Amma, kuma irin wannan alwashin ba shi da iyaka, a duk lokacin da ake bayar da labarun. A wannan sabuwar duniyar da muke ciki, dukanmu muna da ha}}in tabbatar da bukatar inganci da dattakun labaru. Gwamnatocin al’umma, sun fi dogara da }o}arin auna gaskiya da kuma yanke hukunci a kanta. Idan har muka yi amfani da sabuwar duniyar kafofin watsa labaru, to, za ta inganta }o}arinmu, na aiwatar da komai, yadda ya kamata. Dan Gillmor shaihi ne, a fannin tallata kafofin watsa labaru, na zamani, a Sashen Koyon Aikin Jarida da Ayyukan Fa]akarwa, na Jami’ar Jihar Arizona. Shine kuma ya wallafa littafin nan, mai suna Mediactive, wanda ke }ara wa jama’a }warin gwiwar yin amfani da kafofin watsa labaru, kuma yana daga cikin masu kakkafawa, da zuba jarurruka da kuma bayar da shawarwari, a harkokin kafofin watsa labaru.

Ba dole ba ne, ra’ayoyin da aka bayyana a wannan }asidar ya yi daidai da ra’ayoyi da manufofin gwamnatin {asar Amirka.

Ma’aikaciyar wata jarida ce, ta jama’ar dake garin Patch, ke gudanar da aikinta, a zauren aikewa da sa}onnin yanar-gizo. ‘Yan jaridun al’umma, na iya taimaka wa,

wajen bayar da labarun yankunan da sauran kafofin watsa labaru, ke rainawa.

Muhimmancin Ilmin Kafofin Watsa Labaru Daga Dan Gillmor

Majalisar Fasahar {ungiyoyi Masu Zaman Kansu, (NGO), sun kira wani taron }ara wa juna ilmi, a {asar Jordan, inda suka koyar da mata irin ‘yancin da suke da

shi, na yadda za su gabatar da labaru, ta hanyar yin amfani da na’urar majigi. Muhimmancin manufofin ilmin kafofin watsa labaru shine su yi jagoranci, yadda ya kamata, don janyo hankalin jama’a ga saurarensu, a wannan duniyar ta shiga harkokin kafofin watsa labarun, da muka da su, a yau, dangane da: • Wasi-wasi game da komai: Ko }wararren ]an jarida, ba ma abokanmu da aminai ba, sukan fa]a ma na abubuwan da ba daidai ba, a wa]ansu lokuttan. Don haka ba za mu iya ha}i}ancewa game da komai ba. • Yanke Hukunci: Kada kuma ka daidaita komai bai ]aya. Mun fi bayar da tabbaci ga labarun da jaridu, irin su New York Times suka buga, fiye da irin ra]e-ra]in da ake yi, a shafukan yanar-gizo. • Kawar Da Shakku A Zuciya: Dukanmu muna son jin da]in yadda muke sauraren kafofin labaru. Wannan ya nuna karantawa ko jin abinda jama’ar da ba mu amince da su ba ke gabatar ma na. Har ila yau, yana nufin nemo labaru game da mutane da al’adun da ba mu sani ba. Kuma, musamman, yana nufin }alubalantar abinda muka yi amanna da shi, da kuma wanda muke }yama, komai kusancinsa da mu.

Jama’ar da ba su canja ra’ayoyinsu, a wa]ansu lokutta, saboda sababbin hujjojin da suka samu, to, ba su da al}ibla. • Yin Tambayoyi: Mafi muhimmancin al’amari, shine wanda ya shafi rayuwarmu, muhimmancinsa kuma ya danganci irin yadda aka bincika shi. Hanya ]aya, ba za ta ta~a gamsarwa ba. Idan al’amari ya kasance kusa da mu, muna iya, kuma ya kamata, mu tambayi kawunanmu, don samun hujja. Alal misali, idan wata jarida ta ]auko labarin wani al’amarin da ba cikakke ba ne, na ma}wabtanmu, muna iya, kuma kamata ya yi, mu nemi hujja daga jama’ar dake tare da mu, don gano inda labarin ya samu gi~i da yadda aka bayyana wa ma}wabtan na mu, wa]anda, mai yiwuwa, ya shafe su, ko suna da sha’awarsa. • Koyon Dabarun Kafofin Watsa Labaru: Mutane, da dama, kan samu damar yin amfani da na’urori masu }wa}walwa, kuma miliyoyi na da wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, da na gargajiyar da za su iya ]aukar hotuna da fina-finai. Wa]annan sune kayayyakin aikin kafofin watsa labaru, kuma ya kamata mu koyi yin amfani da su, yadda ya kamata, cikin natsuwa. Bayan haka ma, muna bukatar da mu fahimci yadda kafofin watsa labarun ke yi, wajen shawo kan jama’a da yi ma su shigar-sauri, don ganin sun yi tasirin da za a saurare su. Manufofi hu]u, na }ir}ire-}ir}iren kafofin watsa labaru sune, babban muhimmancinsu shine, aikin jaridar fayyace gaskiya da hujja da yin adalci da kuma dogaro da kai. A wannan zamanin, muna da bukatar da mu }ara wani abu, shine zage gaskiya. Tsage gaskiya yana da nau’o’i da dama. Alal misali, ya kamata mu gane cewa, kowannenmu da kuma kowace hukuma, na da irin yadda take kallon duniya. Bayyana wa wani jinsi irin wannan ra’ayin, wani mawuyacin al’amari ne da kowace kafar watsa labaru za ta dage a kai. Ba dole ba ne, ra’ayoyin da aka bayyana, a wannan }asidar ya yi daidai da ra’ayoyi da kuma manufofin gwamnatin {asar Amirka.

Daga Katie Dowd

“Muna da bukatar aiwatar da aiki duniyar da za mu iya yin amfani da yanar-gizo da labarun dake ha]a kan jama’a da fa]a]a ma’anonin abinda ake nufi da duniyar al’umma. Idan aka lura da girman }alubalance da muke fuskanta, muna bukatar mutanen duniya da su ilmantar da mu game da }ir}ire-}ir}iren da za su taimaka, wajen gina tattalin arzikin duniya, da kare ma na muhalli, don kawar da tsauraran ra’ayoyi da gina wa kawunanmu makomar da kowane ]an adam zai rayu ya kuma gane cewa, Allah ya ba shi wata martaba.” In ji Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Amirka, Hillary Rodham Clinton, a Birnin Washington, D.C., ranar 21 ga watan Janairun 2010

Tallafa wa fa]a]a }ungiyoyi da harkokin yanar-gizon da suka shafi rundunar

al’umma, na daga cikin burin da gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta dage a kai, tun tuni. Rundunar al’umma wani mataki ne, na ciyar da mulkin demokra]iyya gaba, da fayyace gaskiya, da mutunta ]an adam da kuma kyakkyawan shugabanci, har ila yau, yana sa }ungiyoyin jama’a su }ara samun wadata da daidaituwar rayuwa, da }ara ma su }warin gwiwar ]orewar ci gaban tattalin arziki da ingiza cibiyoyin harkokin siyasa, na da su ri}a lan}wasowa da sauraren koke-koken jama’ar da suke yi wa aiki. Kamar yadda duniyar ke juyawa, haka ake }ara yin amfani da harkokin fasaha, don ginawa da kuma samun ]orewar shafukan yanar-gizon kyautata jin da]in jama’a da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa, don mun gane cewa, suna da muhimmanci, wajen tabbatar da ganin dukan }ungiyoyin rundunar al’umma na iya amfani da wa]annan sababbin kayayyakin, don ciyar da burinmu na {arni na 21, gaba. A wani ~angare na irin yadda Sakatariyar Gwamnati, Hillary Rodham Clinton, ra bayyana dabarun {arnin na 21, Gwamnatin {asar Amirka na fa]a]a harkokin diflomasiyyar gwamnatoci da aka sani, tsakanin }asa da }asa, ta yin amfani da sababbin hanyoyin fasaha da kuma yin amfani da yanar-gizon da suka zayyana. Su kuma harkokin sadarwa, irin su wayar tafi-da-gidanka, da yin amfani da taswirori da linzaman yanar-gizon, na }ir}iro da sababbin dama ga }ungiyoyin

rundunar al’umma, da su ciyar da ayyukansu gaba. Abin takaici, saboda irin cunkushewar da yanar-gizon duniya ke yi, wa]ansu }ungiyoyin rundunar al’ummar, na yin saken da ake barinsu baya. Don tabbatar da haka, kowace }ungiya, komai }an}antarta, na iya samun damar shiga da yin amfani da fasahar sadarwa, in ji, Sakatariya Clinton, a wajen taron {ungiyar Al’umma Rukuni Na 2.0, da aka gudanar a Birnin Marrakech, na {asar Morocco, a 2009. An tsara ayyukan Rundunar Al’umma Rukuni Na 2.0 ne, don taimaka wa }ananan }ungiyoyin dake gudanar da ayyukan kyautata jin da]in rayuwa, na da su }ara himmar da suke da ita, ta yin amfani da fasahar hanyoyin sadarwa. Manufa ita ce, a yaye masana harkokin fasahar yanar-gizon, na tsawon lokaci da kuma ]orewarsa, da ‘yan agaji da masu bai wa rundunar al’ummar shawarwari, don sadaukar da kan inganta ayyukan rundunar al’ummar, a {arni na 21.

Wani mahalarcin taron {ungiyar TechCamp ne, yake aiki da na’urar nan ta iPad. Fasahar sadarwa irin wannan ‘yar }aramar na’urar mai }wa}walwa, na bu]e

sababbin hanyoyi ga }ungiyoyin rundunar al’umma, na da su ciyar da ayyukansu gaba. A watan Mayun 2011, {ungiyar ta TechCamp, dake Birnin Jakarta, ta kira

taron }ungiyoyin }wararru da na rundunar al’umma, domin wasa }wa}walwa kan irin yadda za a warware }alubalar da duniya ke fuskanta, game da yin amfani da

kafofin watsa labaru, na zamani.

Wa]anda suka halarcin taron na {ungiyar TechCamp ne, watau Nawang da Firzi

da Melly da Tika da kuma Titi, suka ]auki hoto, a Cibiyar fasaha ta high-tech @america, dake katafariyar Kasuwar Pacific Place, ta Birnin, Jakarta, na {asar

Indonesia.

Don cimma wannan burin, muna ha]a kan }wararrun al’amurran fasaha da kuma na shugabannin }ungiyoyin rundunar al’umma, dake a }asa, ta hannun {ungiyar TechCamps, don gudanar da harkoki, na kwanaki biyu, da nufin taimaka wa, masu halartar taron, sanin sababbin na’urorin fasaha da kuma }ara cimma burinsu. Ba kamar sauran tarurruka ba, wannan taron }ara wa juna ilmin, na {ungiyar TechCamps na mayar da hankali ne ga koyarwa da kuma tantaunawa. Akasarin lokacin taron, an cinye shi ne, wajen karkasa masu halartar shi, a rukuni-rukuni, inda aka bai wa }ungiyoyi damar mayar da hankali kan }alubala, ta musamman da kuma ha]in kan }wararru kan fasaha, na da su gano hanyar da fi dacewa, ta warware al’amarin. Har ila yau, {ungiyar TechCamps, ta jagoranci masana harkokin fasahar, a wani taron }ara wa juna sanin da ya koyar da masu halartarsa, irin yadda za a yi amfani da kayayyakin aikin fasahar, a kafofin watsa labarun kyautata jin da]i, da inganta yin amfani da na’urorin tafi-da-gidanka, kazalika da samar da ku]a]e da gudanar da bincika masu aikin agaji, a yanar-gizo. Wani abu na musamman, a taron na {ungiyar TechCamps, shine irin ha]in gwiwar da mahalarta taron ke ci gaba da bayarwa, da zarar sun koma gidajensu. Bayan kuma an kammala taron, masu halartar taron na musayar hanyoyin warware matsaloli da kuma tantaunawa, game da ci gaban aikin shafin yanar-gizon www.techcampglobal.org, shafin dake ha]a linzaman yanar-gizo, dake duniya, a shafukan yanar-gizon kyautata jin da]in jama’a, wajen taimaka wa }ungiyoyin rundunar al’umma. Ta wannan hanyar ne, }ungiyar ta TechCamps ke kawo ha]in kan da ake samu, a tsakanin }ungiyoyin rundunar al’umma da masana harkokin

fasaha, wajen yin amfani da masaniyar da aka gano, da kuma nasarorin da ake bukata, wanda kuma ke inganta muhimmancin shirin, da ]orewarsa. Mun kira tarurruka hu]u, na }ungiyar TechCamps, a }asashen Chile da Indonesia da Moldova da kuma Uruguay, kuma mun horar da wakilai har 250, na }ungiyoyin jama’a, daga }asashe fiye da 35, a kan al’amurran da suka fara tun daga fuskantar illolin wani bala’i, har ya zuwa ga gwamnatocin dake sauraron koke-koken jama’a. Dangane kuma da }arin tarurrukan }ungiyar ta TechCamps, da aka shirya, }ungiyoyinta sai }ara dafifi suke yi, a shafukan yanar-gizon duniya, dake }ara ha]in kai da tallafa wa kowa da kuma }ungiyoyin dake bayar da himmar inganta al’umma. Katie Dowd ta yi aiki, a matsayin mai bayar da shawarwari ga Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Amirka, Hillary Rodham Clinton, a ofishin Babban Mai Bayar da Shawara Game da Harkokin Fasaha. Har ila yau, ita ce ke kula da shirin sakatariyar, game da Rundunar Al’umma Rukuni Na 2.0.

Danganta Fasaha da Rundunar Al’umma

Daga Ashley Rainey Donahey

{ungiyoyin Rundunar Al’umma na amfani da dangantakar dake

tattare da fasaha, wajen fuskantar duk wani bala’i, ko magance cin hanci da rashawa da kuma tallafa wa jama’a.

Lokacin da masu hamayya da gwamnatin Hosni Mubarak ta {asar Masar, da

suka tayar da bore a titunan Birnin Al}ahira, a farkon 2011, sun ha}i}ance ne, da yin amfani da na’urorin fasaha, wajen fa]akar da jama’a game da burinsu. Yin amfani da yanar-gizo, ko wayar tafi-da-gidanka da kuma shafukan yanar-gizon, irin su Facebook, dubban ]aruruwan masu zanga-zangar sun yi dafifi ne, a

Dandalin Tahrir, kuma suka samu nasarar kawo }arshen shugabancin Mubarak, na shekaru 30. Shafin yanar-gizon Facebook da Twitter da sa}onnin SMS, da sauran na’urorin fasaha ba su suka ~ullo da masu boren ba, da suka ham~are gwamnatocin }as ashen Masar da Tunisia, a farkon wannan shekarar, amma, sun taimaka wa harkokin sadarwar jama’ar, da kuma manyan }ulle-}ullen da suka samar da nasara. Irin ci gaban harkokin fasahar da aka samu kwanan nan, sun wadata }wararan hanyoyin sababbin kayayyakin aiki, na taimaka wa jama’a, wajen samun bayanai da sadarwa da bayyana ra’ayoyi da }ulle-}ulle da kuma bai wa kawunansu shawarwarin da suka kamata. A ta}aice, harkokin fasaha, ka]ai, ba su magance komai, amma, muddin jama’a ko }ungiyoyi suka yi amfani da su, wajen kawo canji, to, nan ne, za su ga }arfinsu. Kuma, a duk lokacin da harkokin fasaha, su ka]ai, suka kasa kawo wani canji, to, na kuma na’urorin yanar-gizo, za su yi matu}ar amfanin ha]a kan jama’a da kuma }ara wa }ungiyoyi }warin gwiwa. Maganin {alubalar Da Jama’a Ke Fuskanta A kullum, akwai wani mahaluki, ko wata }ungiya, a cikin fa]in duniyar nan, dake amfani da na’urar fasahar sadarwa, don canja rayuwa da inganta al’umma, cikin ruwan sanyi, fiye da masu mulkin mallaka. Alal misali, shafin yanar-gizon PopTech, wani linzamin yanar-gizon komai da ruwanka, dake bincikar irin alfanun da sababbin na’urorin fasaha ke yi, ya lura cewa, jama’ar {asar Afrika ta Kudu, na tsoron kada jama’rsu su yi biris da su, idan suka kamu da }wayoyin cutar }anjamau, HIV, sai suka daina zuwa ana gwada su. Don }aryana wannan tunanin, shafin yanar-gizon PopTech, ta }addamar da wata dabarar shirin tafi-da-gidanka, da ya kira Masiluleke, wanda ya sa jama’a suka ri}a zuwa ana gwada lafiyarsu, a asirce, ta hanyar aikewa da sa}onnin wayar tarho. Wannan ya sa wayewar kai da kuma yawan jama’ar dake ]auke da }wayoyin cutar ta HIV, a {asar Afrika ta Kudu, ya }aru, kuma shirin na dabarun Masiluleke ne ya }ara tabbatar da yin amfani da fasahar ta wayar tarho. Yin amfani da na’urorin fasahar sadarwa, ba su da iyaka, illa dai rashin sanin yin amfani da su. Mai yiwuwa, babban misalin da za a yi, na }ungiyar da ta raja’a da yin amfani da na’urorin fasahar, don inganta harkokin rundunar al’umma, ba ta wuce kamfanin nan mai suna Ushahidi ba, dake yi wa jama’a hidima.

Kamfanin na Ushahidi, wanda ya fara aiki, a 2008, a matsayin shafin yanar-gizon dake nuna inda ake tashe-tashen hankulan bayan za~e, a {asar Kenya, an yi ma sa la}ani da Kalmar zahiri, watau testimony, a cikin Harshen Swahili. Da farko, shafin kyauta ne, da ya zama dandalin na]ar linzaman yanar-gizon dake tattara bayanai, daga na’urorin sadarwa, da dama, ciki kuwa har da sa}onnin SMS da wasi}un yanar-gizo, watau email da shafukan Facebook da Twitter da YouTube da kuma Flickr, ya gauraya su da sauran taswirar duniyar yanar-gizo. Jama’a da }ungiyoyin rundunar al’umma, a duniya, sun yi amfani da shafin yanar-gizon ta Ushahidi, don yayata harkokin kyautata jin da]in rayuwa da na siyasa da kuma al’amurran da suka shafi muhalli, da dama. Alal misali, wata jarida ta nuna irin gur~acewar da taswirar muhalli, a kudancin {asar China, dake Birnin Hong Kong, da gur~acewar ]anyen mai, da aka yi, na Ga~ar Tekun yankin da mazauna Louisiana suka yi fama da shi, kazalika, haka da taswirar wani gangamin kiwon lafiyar nahiyar Afrika, da suka samu wadatar magungunan da suke bukata, a yankunansu dake fa]in nahiyar ta Afrika. Wani mutum ya yi amfani da shafin yanar-gizon ta Ushahidi, a lokacin wata gagarumar gobara, a {asar Rasha, a 2010, inda ya ri}a ji~intar dubban ‘yan agaji, game da dubban jama’ar dake matu}ar bukatar taimako.

Wani babban jami’in Kamfanin Google ne, Wael Ghonim, ke jawabi ga dafifin

jama’a, a Dandalin Tahrir dake Birnin Al}ahira, da wayar tarhon tafi-da-gidanka, a hannunsa. Na’urar sadarwa, ta zamani, ta taimaka wajen ha]a kan masu bore, a

}asashen Masar da Tunisia, a farkon 2011.

Mahalarta taron }ara wa juna ilmi ne na {ungiyar Tactical Tech, da aka yi, a 2010, wanda ke da la}anin “Nuna ‘Yancin Da Mata Ke Da Shi”, ta yin amfani da na’ura

mai }wa}walwa, ta tafi-da-gidanka. Taron ya tara shugabannin gwagwarmayar ‘yancin mata har 44, a tsakiyar saharar {asar Jordan, har na tsawon makonni uku, don koyon makamar yin amfani da fasahar na’urorin sadarwa, wajen gudanar da

ayyukansu.

‘Yan kabilar Bedouin ne, daga arewacin Tsibirin Sinai, ke wa}a da tafi, a lokacin zanga-zangar ta Birnin Al}ahira, a 2011, yayin da ‘yan kallo, ke ri}e da wayoyin tarhon tafi-da-gidanka da kuma na’urorin ]aukar hoto. Kodayake, fasahar zamani

na taimakawa, har yanzu dai, jama’a ne babban sinadarin kawo canji.

Fasaha Kayan Aiki Ce Ba Illa Ba Jama’a, da dama, a zagayen duniya sun mallaka, ko kuma san yadda ake amfani da na’urori masu }wa}walwa, kuma miliyoyi yanzu suna amfani da wayoyi da kuma sauran na’urorin sadarwa na tafi-da-gidanka, fiye da yadda ake tsammani, wajen ]aukar hotuna da kuma aikewa da hotunan da maganganu da kuma faya-fayen bidiyo. Idan ana son cin moriyar wa]annan na’urorin fasahar, gaya, a matsayin kayayyakin aikin da za a kawo ha]in kai, to, dole a yi amfani da basira, da }wazo da kuma gaskiya. Irin wa]annan na’urorin fasahar na iya kawo canji, amma, ba su haddasa shi ba. Har yanzu dai, mutane sune ginshi}in aiwatar da hakan. {ungiyoyin rundunar al’umma sun bayyana irin wa]annan shafukan yanar-gizon da zama na’urorin ya]a fasaha da hanyoyin kawo canji, na gari, ga al’umma. Ashley Rainey Donahey ne babban editan mujallar eJournal USA.

Yanar-gizon Masiluleke ta aike da sa}onni fiye da miliyan dubu, irin wannan, don taimakawa, wajen shawo kan ya]uwar }wayoyin cutar }anjamau, watau

HIV/AIDS, a {asar Afrika ta Kudu. Me Ya Fi Damunka? Duba tsakiyar wannan mujallar, ka fa]a ma na!

“Idan aka raja’a da wayoyin tarhon tafi-da-gidanka, da linzaman taswira, da sauran sababbin kayayyakin aiki, to, muna iya }ara wa jama’a }warin gwiwa da (…) magance kasawar da ake samu game da dabarun gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, a yanzu.” In ji Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Amirka, Hillary Rodham Clinton

NAZARI

Na’urorin Magance Abkuwar Bala’i

Fasahar sadarwa ta taimaka ga }o}arin bayar da agaji a {asar Rasha da

Japan da Pakistan. Daga Shafin Taswirar

Rasha

Lokacin da gobarar daji ta abka wa {asar Rasha, a watan Yulin 2010, masu amfani da yanar-gizo, na }asar ta Rasha, sun tantauna a kan hanyoyin da za a iya

taimaka wa talaka kashe gobarar da kuma taimaka wa wa]anda suka jikkata.

A 2010, lokacin da gobarar daji ta ya]u, matu}a, a dazuzzukan {asar Rasha, har ya zuwa yankunan dake da cunkoson jama’a, abinda ya fara, kamar zafin bazara, sai ya zama ala-}a-}ai. Ma’aikatan kashe gobara sun yi gwagwarmayar shawo kan wannan gobarar da ta mamaye sararin samaniyar {asar Rasha, wajen tantaunawa a kan irin yadda za a taimaka wa talaka. A wani shafin yanar-gizon jama’a, mai suna Pozar Ru, da aka }addamar a matsayin wata tashar bayar da rahotannin gobarar, da jama’ar dake cikin ha]ari, masanin hul]a da yanar-gizo, Gregory Asmolov, ya bayar da shawarar da a yi amfani da shafin yanar-gizon Ushahidi, don shirya yadda za a gudanar da }o}arin

bayar da agaji. Masana hul]a da yanar-gizo sun hanzarta }awata wannan tashar ta Asmolov, suka kuma yi kira ga masu bayar da agaji da su yi amfani da shafin yanar-gizon Ushahidi, kuma Asmolov, ya zana sunan takwaransa, Alexey Sidorenko da ya taimaka ma sa, wajen }addamar da wannan aikin. Asmolov da Sidorenko, suna da shafin yanar-gizo dake da ala}a da dandalin na Ushahidi, wajen gudanar da harkokin yau da kullum. Wajen kuma ya]a batun Asmolov zuwa ga jaridu da gidajen rediyo da kuma babban gidan telebijin na {asar Rasha, watau Channel 1, sun yayata labarin na irin aikin da dandalin Ushahidi ya fara aiwatarwa, a {asar ta Rasha. [aya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan sharin yanar-gizon {asar Rasha, mai suna HelpMap, ba wai ya bayar da rahoton yankunan da gobarar ta mamaye ba ne, ka]ai, har ma ya sanar da game da bukatun jama’a, da ‘yan agajin dake da niyyar taimakawa. An zayyana shafin yanar-gizon HelpMap ne, a rukunoni irin su “Me ake bukata” da “Ina son taimakawa” da kuma }ananan sassa irin su “Ina bukatar a cece ni” da “Ina da abin hawa.” Amma, ba duka ayyukan aka gudanar a yanar-gizo ba. Akwai fannonin janyo hankalin jama’a, da tantance rahotannin da bin taswirori, da tsara wata cibiya, a ofishin masu bayar da agajin, ta yadda za a ri}a kiransu. Kashe gobarar ke wuya, sai aka lura cewa, shafin yanar-gizon, na HelpMap, ya samu wa]anda suka yi hul]a da shi, fiye da dubu 187, da kuma sa}onni dubu ]aya da 600, da aka aiko. Lokacin da al’amarin ya yi }amari, mutane dubu 17 ne suka yi hul]a da shafin na HelpMap, a cikin rana guda. Hukumar Gangami da Harkokin Jarida ta Tarayyar {asar Rasha, ta bayar da lambar girma, ta }asa, mai suna Runet Award, wadda aka fi sani da la}anin “the Internet Oscar”, ga shafin na HelpMap, don ganin irin gagarumar nasarar da ya samu. Tun kuma lokacin da aka wargaza rundunar bayar da agajin, Asmolov ya fara rangadin {asar Rasha, yana bayar da laccoci ga ]aliban jami’o’i, da }ungiyoyi, masu zaman kansu, NGO, da jami’an gwamnati, game da muhimmancin sababbin na’urorin fasaha, wajen inganta ayyukan }ungiyoyin jama’a da gwamnati. Masanin hul]a da shafukan yanar-gizo, na {asar Rasha, grey-wolk, ya bayyana darasin da aka koya daga dandalin na HelpMap kamar haka: “Yanzu dai an san cewa, ha]uwar mutane masu }wazo da sababbin na’urorin fasahar yayata ayyuka, da rashin tsangwama da bayar da damar yin amfani da masaniya, a kan yanar-gizo, na iya kai mu ga manzalin da ]an }aramin ‘al’amarin’

}ungiyar jama’a zai iya aiwatar da wata hidimar da ]imbin jama’a za sui ya amfana.”

Daga Roomdonor.jp

Japan

Fitilu ne aka kunna, don tunawa da bala’in ambaliyar kogin da ta abka wa garin Tohoku na {asar Japan, a watan Maris na 2011. Mutane dubu 20 suka mutu, aka

kuma kwashe dubu bakwai, saboda girgizar }asa da mummunar ambaliyar. Lokacin da wata mummunar girgizar }asa ta abku, ranar 1 ga watan Maris na 2011, a {asar Japan, massive earthquake rocked Japan on March 11, 2011, wani ]alibi, dake aji biyu, a Jami’ar Keio, Kohei Fukuzaki, ya kwashe abokansa ne, daga Dandalin Saukar Karatu na Pacifico Yokohama, inda ]aruruwan jama’a suka fake. Sa’ad da Fakuzaki ke bincika shafukan yanar-gizo, irin su Twitter da Facebook, don samun bayanai, sai wani tunani ya fa]o ma sa. Ya lura cewa, abokansa da ma ba}i, na ta bayar da gidajensu, ga wa]anda suka jikkatar da ba za sui ya komawa gidajensu ba. Don haka Fukuzaki sai ya gayyato wa]ansu ‘yan ajinsu, da su }addamar da wani shafin yanar-gizo mai suna roomdonor.jp, wanda zai iya biyan bukatun wa]anda suka jikkata, game da ba su ]akunan da jama’a suka bayar gudunmawa, don kwana, kyauta. Tunda dama ya na}alci sarrafa yanar-gizo da annashuwa, a shafukan na aikewa da sa}onni, irin su shafin nan na {asar Amirka, watau TechCrunch, Fukuzaki da abokansa, sai suka }ir}iro shafin yanar-gizon dake da ala}a da abkuwar bala’i. “Mun gano wata hanya ne, ta yin amfani da wannan damar, wadda ke da sau}i, don zama kyakkyawar hanya, koda kuwa a tsakiyar girgizar }asar ne,” in ji Fukuzaki. Ana iya shiga shafin yanar-gizon Roomdonor.jp daga kowane yanki, ko sanin yawan jama’a, ko wurin ajiye dabbobi da yara, kuma ana iya sarrafa shi da wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka.

A makon farko, an bai wa jama’a ]akuna fiye da dubu biyu, a wannan shafin na yanar-gizo. Jama’a kuma sun abko cikinsa, a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu, lokacin da Jakadan Amirka a {asar Japan, John V. Roos, ya yayata shi, inda aka samu }arin mutane har 250, da suka yi rajistar samun ]akunan da ake da su. An kuma }iyasta akwai ]aruruwan wa]anda suka jikkata da suka samu mafaka, ta hanyar shafin yanar-gizon na roomdonor.jp, kuma rahotanni, zuwa watan Agustar 2011, sun nuna cewa, shafin yanar-gizon, a shirye yake, da ya tanadar wa mutane misalign dubu bakwai, wurin tsugunni.

Rundunar Harkokin Sadarwa

Pakistan

Rundunar harkokin sadarwa ta Télécoms Sans Frontières ce ke tallata cibiyarta ta harkokin sadarwa dake koyar da yadda ake amfani da wayoyin tarho, kyauta, a

lokacin da aka yi ambaliyar ruwa ta 2010, a {asar Pakistan.

Jama’ar {asar Pakistan, da dama, sun ga tasku, a 2010, lokacin da wani gagarumin ruwan sama, ya haddasa ambaliyar da ba a ta~a yin ta ba, a tarihin {asar Pakistan. Ambaliyar ta yi awon gaba da ]aukacin }auyuka da mazauna lardunan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa da Sindh. Rundunar Harkokin Sadarwa ta Télécoms Sans Frontières, wata }ungiyar NGO, ta duniya, wadda ta }ware wajen bayar da agajin harkokin sadarwa da fasaha, ta hanzarta bayyana a yankin. {ungiyar ta TSF ta taimaka ga rage ba}in cikin dubban jama’ar da ba su san irin halin da danginsu ke ciki ba, ya-Allah da rai, ko babu rai, ta hanyar wadata su da wayoyin tarho, kyauta. {ungiyoyin biyu, tare da wayoyin dake amfani da tsauraruwar ]an adam da kuma na tafi-da-gidanka, sun warwatsu a dukan ]aukacin lardunan, a wa]ansu wuraren ma sun kakkafa cibiyoyi da saduwa da wa]anda suka jikkata, a tantuna da kuma ajujuwa. Daga tsakanin ranar 20 ga watan Augusta da 28 ga watan Satumbar 2010, Rundunar ta TSF, ta yi silar da dangi dubu 13 da 480, sun gana da iyalansu, da masoyansu, dake ciki da wajen {asar ta Pakistan. “Wannan na nufin an sada fiye da mutane dubu 94, a fa]in duniya, don haka sai godiya da irin taimakon wayar tarhon da muka bayar ,” in ji Rundunar ta TSF.

Har ila yau, Rundunar ta TSF, ta yi amfani da ]imbin ala}ar da take da shi, wajen gudanarwa da kuma tallafa wa, irin }o}arin da tawagar Tantance Abkuwar Bala’i Da Gudanarwa, ta Majalisar [inkin Duniya, yankin Punjab, kazalika da Ofishin Gudanar da Harkokin Bayar da Agaji na Majalisar ta [inkin Duniya, dake Birnin Islamabad. Har yanzu, akwai ~ir~ishin irin ]imbin aikin da rundunar ta yi, a labarun da ake bayarwa game da ambaliyar, irin wadda Farid, dake zaune da matarsa da ‘ya’yansa 10, wanda uku, ruwa ya cinye su, a gefen wani }auye da ake kira Peshawar. Kamar yadda shafin yanar-gizon rundunar ya nuna, “ya yi asarar komai, ‘ya’yansa ne, da gidan da ya gina wa iyalai, da duk wani burin da yake da shi ga yaran. Amma sai godiya ga Rundunar ta TSF da Cibiyar Inganta Harkokin Matasa ta {asar Pakistan (YRC), da suka yi silar da har Mista Farid ya sadu da danginsa dake zaune a Birnin Lahore.” Tun kuma 1998, Rundunar ta TSF, ke bayar da himma, a dukan nahiyoyin duniya, inda suke agazawa ga wani dukan bala’in dake faruwa, jim ka]an da faruwar wannan.

Wani ]an agajin Rundunar Télécoms Sans Frontières (TSF) ne, ke tsaye kusa da

wani mutumin dake kiran iyalansa, a lokacin ambaliyar ruwan ta 2010, {asar Pakistan. Rundunar ta TSF, ta yi silar da iyalai fiye da dubu 13 suka sadu

masoyansu.

“Samun damar sanin labaru na taimaka wa jama’a,

wajen neman }arin bayani daga gwamnatocinsu, da ~ullo da sabon tunani, da }arin }warin gwiwar }ir}iro abubuwa da shiga harkokin kasuwanci.” In ji Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Amirka, Hillary Rodham Clinton

NAZARI Magance Cin Hanci Da Rashawa

Rundunar Jama’a na inganta kamanta gaskiya da yin amfani da harkokin fasaha, a }asashen India da Slovakia

da kuma Amirka Daga Zero Rupee Note

India

Wannan ita ce takardar ku]in da Vijay Anand ke kira Zero Rupee, wadda aka zayyana don ta yi kama da takardar ku]in Rupee 50, aka kuma rubuta ma ta

kalmomin da suka ce “Na yi alkawarin ba zan kar~a ko in bayar da cin hanci ba,” a harsunan Turanci da na Tamil.

Lokacin da ya dawo gida, bayan da ya kafa kamfani a {asar Amirka, Vijay Anand, ya firgita da irin yadda ake cin hanci da rashawa, a garinsu dake Jihar Tamil Nadu, ta {asar India. Da yake kuma ba shi da niyyar da zai sake bayar da cin hancin da ya saba bai wa jami’an da ya kamata su ri}a gudanar da ayyukansu, kyauta, sai Anand ya kafa wata }ungiya mai zaman kanta, mai suna 5th Pillar, da nufin taimaka wa talakawan {asar India, da su kaucewa da kuma dakatar da bayar da cin hanci da rashawa. Ya ri}a yin amfani da wata linzamin na’urar dake tace hotuna don wayar da kan jama’a da kuma yayata al’amarin. Anand ya }ir}iro wani gagarumin makamin kare talakawa da irin cin hanci da rashawar da jami’ai ke tambaya, watau takardar ku]in nan mai suna Zero Rupee Note. Wannan ‘yar }aramar takardar, wadda ba ta da wata darajar ku]a]e, da aka zayyana, tamkar takardar ku]in rupee 50, ta tabbatar da zama abinda ya hana wa]anda ke kar~ar hancin, kar~ar rashawa. Da dama sun bayar da rahoton cewa,

bayar da wannan takardar da aka rubuta “Na yi alkawarin ba zan kar~a, ko bayar da cin hanci ba”, a cikin harsunan Turanci da na Tamil, tana aiki, har ma jami’ai neman gafarar da kada a mi}a ma su, suke yi. Alal misali, idan wata tsohuwar dake neman iznin mallakar filin da za ta aike da jikarta zuwa koleji ta mi}a wa jami’in Sashen Kar~ar Haraji takardar ta Zero Rupee, maimakon ya kar~i cin hancin da ya nema, sai kurum ya mi}a ma ta takardar mallakar filin, ya ma ba ta kujera, har ma ya kawo ma ta kofin shayi! Gangamin takardar ta Zero Rupee, ya samu nasarar da a 2008, }ungiyar 5th Pillar ta }addamar da wani shafin yanar-gizo, mai suna ZeroCurrency.org, wanda kowa zai iya guzurin takardar, daga }asashe har 196.

{awancen Adalci

Slovakia Bisa ga irin sunan da aka la}aba ma sa, na shirin ya fi kowanne zura idanu, a {asar Slovakia, {awancen na Adalci, watau Fair Play Alliance, ya inganta nuna gaskiya, }warai, a {asar ta Slovakia, wanda har ta kai ake ~oye ku]a]en gwamnati. Shirin na wani ]an gwagwarmaya, mai suna Zuzana Wienk, ya fara sa-idon ne, da wani shafin yanar-gizo, don mayar da martini ga wani babakeren game da wa]ansu ku]a]en da {ungiyar {asashen Turai (EU), ta tallafa wa {asar Slovakia, bayan da ta shiga }ungiyar ta EU, a 2004. “Tare da yin amfani da Dokokin ‘Yancin Fa]ar Albarkacin Baki, mu ci gaba da kai tura, game da kamfanoni da ministoci, kai har da neman da a nuna ma na, takardun hada-hadar ku]a]en gwamnati da ma wa]ansu }ididdiga,” in ji Wienk. Linzaminmu, na na’ura mai }wa}walwa, watau “Politikaopen” ne, ka]ai, ke iya bayyana wani labari game da kadarorin gwamnati, a yanar-gizo, a {asar Slovakia, wa]anda suka ha]a da }ididdige harkokin manyan ‘yan siyasa, ciki har da firayin-minista da kuma shugaban majalisar dokoki. Don kauce wa bin dogayen layukan neman wata alfarma, da dama, a {asar India, ke bayar da cin hanci. Muna kuma fata, takardar ku]a]en bogin Zero Rupee, za yi

maganin wannan ]abi’a.

Shirin {awancen Adalci (Fair Play Alliance) da kuma linzamin na’ura mai }wa}walwa na Politikaopen, na bin diddi}in arzikin duk wani shugaban dake

{asar Slovakia, ciki kuwa har da Firayin Minista Iveta Radicova.

Lokacin da sama da fa]in ta yi wari, shafin yanar-gizon shirin {awancen Adalci, na daga cikin shafuka uku, da aka yi bu]ewa, a {asar ta Slovakia. Shafin na bin diddi}i, sau da }afan duk wa]ansu ku]a]en da za su wata hukuma, ko wani ofishin gwamnati, ko wata jam’iyyar siyasa, ko wani wakilin majalisar dokoki, ko al}ali ko mai gabatar da }ararraki, ko mai bayar da shawara, ga shugaban siyasa, ya zuwa shugaban ko kuma waninsa. Shafin yanar-gizon na Fair Play, na fayyace wa jama’a duk wani ku]in dake asusun gwamnati. Aikin da shafin yake yi, har ya zuwa yau, ya farkar da talakawa, game da irin yadda ake kawo wa]ansu canje-canje, da dama, game da harkokin ku]a]en jama’a, da barin aikin da ]aya daga cikin ministocin {asar Slovakia ya yi. Shirin na Fair Play, ya wadata }ungiyoyi da linzamin na’urarsa, mai }wa}walwa, kyauta, a kan shafinsa na yanar-gizo, bisa ga shara]in ba za a yi amfani da shi ba, don gudanar da harkar kasuwanci. {awancen ya kuma bayar da fasaharsa, kyauta, ga wata }ungiyar, a {asar Jumhuriyar Czechslovakia, don kafa irin wannan Karen farautar, a kuma koyar da }ungiyoyin jama’a dake }asashen Ukraine da Montenegro da Serbia da Lithuania da Iraq da kuma Bulgaria. A bana, Ofishin Jakadancin {asar Amirka, dake {asar ta Slovakia, ya bayar da lambar yabo ga Shirin na {awancen Adalci (Fair Play Alliance), bisa ga irin ayyukansa, na “Na sa ‘yan siyasa zage gaskiya,” don irin fa]akarwar da ake yi jama’a, dangane da irin almundahanar da ake yi da ku]a]ensu, a {asar ta Slovakia.

Masu ]auko wa shirin ProPublica rahotanni, na yin amfani da na’urori, irin na wayar tafi-da-gidanka, ta iPhone, don bayar da hujjar gaskiyar labarunsu da kuma

fa]a]a yawan masu saurarensu. Shirin ProPublica

{asar Amirka

Aikin bin diddi}i, a aikin jarida, na ]aya daga cikin manyan makaman da ake tabbatar da ‘yancin aikin jarida, dangane da cin hanci da rashawa. Amma, abin takaici, kamar yadda kasafin ku]a]en gidajen watsa labaru ke ta }ara ramewa, a duniya, haka yawan irin ku]a]en da ake bayarwa, don ingantawa da kuma }arfafa gudanar da bayar da rahotannin da aka tsananta yin bincike a kansu. [aya daga cikin }ungiyoyin samo labaru ta {asar Amirka, na da }udurin kawo canji ga al’amarin. Shirin ProPublica, na wata taskar watsa labaru, mai zaman kanta, da ba ta neman wata riba, ya lashi takobin tabbatar da aikin jaridar tsananta binciken duk wani abinda zai biya wa jama’a bukatu. {udurin shirin na ProPublica, shine ya “fallasa duk wani ba}in mulki da cin amanar jama’a, da gwamnati, ko wani kamfani da sauran cibiyoyi za su yi, wajen yin amfani da }arfin aikin jaridar bin diddi}i.” A }ar}ashin jagorancin tsofaffin editocin dake irin kafofin watsa labaru, irin su Wall Street Journal da New York Times, shirin na ProPublica, ya tara ]imbin kyaututtuka, ciki har da lambobin girma, biyu, na Pulitzer, saboda gudanar da aikin jaridar bin }ididdiga, tun lokacin da suka fara wallafa }asidarsu, a 2008. Jaridar ta ProPublica, na amfani da na’urorin fasaha, na zamani, da kuma dandalin kyautata jin da]in al’umma, wajen watsa labarunta. Jaridar ta ProPublica, na wadata jama’a da dukan }asidunta, don ma a sake bugawa, muddin ba a canja su ba, ko ba a nuna inda aka na]o su ba, ba kuma don a samu wani abin duniya ba. Har ila yau, suna bayar da damar da za a karanta dukan labarunsu, a shafukan Facebook da Twitter da podcasts da kuma bayar da shi, kyauta, a wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, na iPhone. Ana bayar da hujjojin labaru, da dama, da cikakkun “linzaman bayar da labaru”, wa]anda bayar da cikakken bayani game da irin yadda za a yi amfani da su, cikin sau}i. [aya daga cikin irin wa]annan linzaman shine ake kira “Cike Gurbi”, da Ofishin Kare ‘Yancin [an Adam, na Ma’aikatar Ilmin {asar Amirka ke bayar wa masu son yin amfani da shi, don gano ko wata jiharta, na wadata ]alibai da dama, daidai wa daida, ta ciyar da ilminsu gaba. Manufar Jaridar ta ProPublica, shine, ba kawai ta janyo hankalin jama’a ga wata almundahana da ku]a]en jama’a ba, har ma don ta magance ta. “A bisa ga kyawawan al’adun harkokin jarida, a {asar Amirka, muna neman da mu haddasa kawo canji mai ma’ana.”

“Da zarar kana da na’urar fasaha, ta zamani, a

hannunka, to, za ka }ara wa marasa galihu }arfin da za su fa]i albarkacin bakinsu, na fa]a]a bambancin duk wani ra’ayin dake akwai.” In ji Douglas Rushkoff

NAZARI

Kafofin Watsa Labaru Ke Janyo Jama’a

Rundunar al’umma na amfani da na’urorin zamani wajen canja rayuwa da inganta al’umma a

}asashen Afrika da Asia da nahiyar Amirka. HarassMap

{asar Masar

Taswirar HarassMap na yin amfani da Shafin Yanar-gizon Ushahidi, don binciko rahotannin irin cin mutuncin da ake yi wa mata, da bayyana su, a yanar-gizo.

Cin mutuncin mata, ba }aramin al’amari ba ne, da za a fa]a wa. Hatta wa]anda aka cutar suna kaffa-kaffar bayar da rahoton abinda aka yi ma su, don kada a tsangwame su, domin wa]anda suka cutar da sun, kan ce sun tozarta su. “Idan aka

ci mutuncinki, to, laifin ne,” in ji wata mazauniyar Birnin Al}ahira, Rebecca Chiao, a cikin wata hirar da ta yi da jaridar Toronto Star. Don ganin kuma an magance wannan babbar matsala, in ji Chiao, wadda mazauniyar yankin Pennsylvania ce, inda, kwanan nan, ita wa]ansu, suka kafa wani gagarumin aiki, na aikin jaridar kare cin mutuncin jama’a, da amfani da na’urorin fasaha, na zamani, da kuma bayar da agajin da suke yi, na bayar da shawarwari game da cin mutuncin mata, a Birnin na Al}ahira. Shirin, wanda ake kira HarassMap, na amfani da yanar-gizo, wajen ya]a bayanan dandalin yanar-gizon Ushahidi da tattara rahotanni, a asirce, game da cin zarafin, ta wayoyin tarho, ko wasi}ar tarho, ko sa}onnin Tweeter da kuma wa]anda za a buga a yanar-gizo, wa]anda daga bisani, a wallafa su, a shafin yanar-gizon, yadda aka bayar da rahotonsu. Rukunin yadda ake buga sun, ya danganci a inda aka wallafa su, ko dai a wani sa}o ne, ko kuma wajen yin }orafi, ko kuma sassan fya]e ko kuma cin zarafi. Matan dake samo wa]annan rahotannin, suna samun irin wa]annan labarun daga ‘yan sanda, da neman yadda za a kwantar wa wa]anda aka cutar hankali, da kuma koyar da su, irin yadda za su kare kawunansu. Masu gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, a yankunan da ake aikata cin zarafin, na kuma ji~intar masu bayar da taimakon agajin, game da irin yadda za su kare matan, dake ma}wabtaka da su. Dakarun Shirin na HarassMap, wanda aka }addamar, ‘yan makonni, kafin a fara zanga-zangar Birnin Al}ahira, a cikin watan Janairun 2011, sun shiga sahun taron jama’ar da suka yi dafifi, a Dandalin Tahrir, sun kuma ]auki sababbin wakilai, aiki, wanda kusan rabin masu bayar da agajin Shirin na HarassMap, yanzu, maza ne. Dangane da irin nasarorin da aikin shirin ke samu, Chiao na fatar fa]a]a ayyukan shirin na HarassMap, ya zuwa }arin }asashe 10, a bana.

Aikin Yanar-gizon Masiluleke

{asar Afrika ta Kudu

Wanda ya }ir}iro Aikin na Masiluleke, Zinhle “Zinny” Thabethe ne, ri}e da wayar tafi-da-gidanka, inda ya nuna ]aya daga cikin sa}onnin da wata }ungiya ta aiko

ma sa.

Biyu daga cikin wa]anda suka halarci taron Zumuncin Hul]a da Yanar-Gizo, ke }ara haza}ar yin amfani da na’urar fasahar zamani, a {asar Kyrgyzstan.

{asar Afrika ta Kudu, ta fi kowace }asa yawan wa]anda suka kamu da }wayoyin cutar }anjamau, watau HIV, a duniya. A wa]ansu lardunan ma, irin su KwaZulu-Natal, yawan wa]anda suka kamun, ya kai kashi 40 cikin 100. Kashi 10 cikin 100 ne, ka]ai, na yawan jama’ar ke kar~ar magunaunan rage zogin cutar, watau ARV, kuma wa]annan kashi 10, cikin 100, fiye da kashi 40, cikin 100, za su bar shan magungunan, shekaru biyu, daga lokacin da suka fara. Amma, abin mamaki, akwai wata }ididdiga, ]aya, dake ]an da]a]a rai. Kusan kashi 90, cikin 100, na mutanen {asar ta Afrika ta Kudu, suna amfani da na’urorin sadarwar tafi-da-gidanka. A cikin Harshen Zulu, “masiluleke” na nufin “agazawa,” kuma akwai taha}i}anin burin da ya wa]anda suka }ir}iro wannan Aiki na Masiluleke suke da shi, na ~ullo da wani shirin magance bala’in cutar HIV/AIDS, a {asar Afrika ta Kudu, ta yin amfani da wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka. Shirin wanda ake kira “Project M,” na bukatar da shawo kan illolin cutar ta HIV, {asar Afrika ta Kudu, ta hanyar yin amfani da wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka, a asirce. A karo na farko, aikin na Project M, na aikewa da sa}onnin wayar tarho har miliyan ]aya, a kullum, inda yake }ara wa masu kar~ar sa}on }warin gwiwar da su je a gwada lafiyarsu, su kuma ri}a kar~ar magunguna. Sa}onnin, sun ha]a da bayyana yawan Wuraren Kula da Masu [auke da Cutar, ta AIDS, ta {asa, da yin amfani da sa}on da ake aikewa, a {asar ta Afrika ta Kudu,

da aka fi sani da suna “Please Call Me”, wanda ke tunatar da wanda ya samu na da ya mayar da amsa. Mai bi ma sa kuma shine, }ungiyar ta ~ullo da wa]ansu kayayyakin gwada lafiyar, masu arha, da kuma taimakawa, ga yin amfani da su, ta hanyar tallata inda za a samu, da bayyana irin yadda ake amfani da su, da kuma bayar da bayann yadda za a samu magunguna ko rigakafin kamuwa da cutar, ta sa}onnin wayar tarho. Shirin na Project M, ya kan aike, da a}alla, sa}onni miliyan ]aya, a kullum, tun lokacin da aka }addamar da shi, a 2008, wanda ya ru~anya, gida uku, na irin kiraye-kirayen da Wuraren Kula Da Cutar ta AIDS, a {asar Afrika ta Kudu ke yi, kwanan nan kuma, ta zarce aikewa da sa}onnin miliyan dubu ]aya,da aka }iyasta. Yanzu, jami’an }ungiyar na cikin shirin aiwatar da }arin tsare-tsaren da za su ri}a tuna wa marasa lafiya, irin yadda za su ri}a shan magungunansu, da kuma sanin ranakun da ake bukatarsu, asibiti.

Zumuncin Hul]a A Yanar-gizo

Jumhuriyar Kyrgyz

Aikin shirin Zumunci A Yanar-gizo, ya koyar da matasan {asar Kyrgyz basirar yin amfani da kayayyakin sadarwa, ciki kuwa har da yin amfani da na’urorin fasahar

zamani, waje bayar da rahoto game da abubuwan dake da muhaimmanci a gare su.

Kodayake matasan dake da shekaru 14 zuwa 35, sune kashi 48. Cikin 100, na yawan jama’ar {asar Kyrgyzstan, da dama, daga cikin matasan na {asar Kyrgyzstan, na jin cewa, ba wakiltarsu, an kuma mayar da su saniyar-ware, kuma, a wa]ansu lokuttan, sukan samu kawunansu cikin rikici, kamar zanga-zangar, juyin juya-halin da aka yi, a 2010, da kuma fa]an kabilanci. Don bai wa matasan {asar ta Kyrgyzstan }arfaffar murya, an }addamar da wani taron }ara wa juna ilmi, na {ungiyar Internews Network, na tsawon makonni bakwai, a dukan fa]in {asar ta Kyrgyzstan, a cikin watan Yulin 2010, don horar da matasa, ‘yan

gwagwarmaya, har 123, a fannonin haza}ar yin harkokin sadarwar watsa labaru, da aikin shirye fina-finan bidiyo da kuma zayyana shafukan yanar-gizo. Daga irin ku]a]en da Ofishin Jakadancin {asar Amirka, {asar ta Kyrgyzstan, ke bayarwa, shirin na {ungiyar Internews, ya taimaka wa matasa, ga bu]e shafukan yanar-gizo, da shirye fina-finan bidiyo, masu muhimmanci ga al’adun jama’a, da }ananar na’urorin zamani, da kuma shirya wani gangamin fa]akarwa, game da al’amurran magance tashe-tashen hankula da ya}i da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma taikama wa marayu. A watan Mayun 2011, shirye-shirye 18, da aka fi halarta, aka tsara, na rangadin kwanaki 10, kusa da Tabkin Issyk-Kul, tun daga Bishkek, ya zuwa Karakol, don shiryawa da kuma tsara fina-finan bidiyo, game da muhimman al’amurran da suka tsinkaya, a hanya. Tafiya, a mota, wanda ta samar wa shirin suna “Zumuncin Hul]ar Yanar-Gizo,” har ila yau, ta sa sun sadu da }ungiyoyin NGO na matasa, a biranen da suka je, a cikin hoton fina-finan bidiyon, da kuma musayar masaniya, domin matasan sun fito daga yankuna daban dabam na }asar. A duk inda suka yada zango, masu halartar shirin, da kuma masu bai wa matasan shawarwari, sun yi jawabai game da muhimman al’amurra, irin su rashin aikin yi, da sasanta juna, da kuma abubuwan da suka rarraba yankunan }asar. Kodayake dukan masu halartar shirin, tuni suka dawo gida, amma, har yanzu, suna ji~intar juna, ta shafukan yanar-gizon Twitter da Facebook, dake shafin yanar-gizon shirin na “Cyber Car of Friendship”.

Shirin Proyecto ACCESO Tec

Tsakiya da Kudancin Nahiyar Amirka

‘Yan {ungiyar {watar ‘Yancin [an Adam ne, a garin Madres de Plaza de Mayo, suke sauraren hukuncin da wani limami ke yankewa, game da wata sar}a}}iyar

shari’ar kisan kai, da gallaba azaba da kuma satar ]an adam, a }ar}ashin dokar Mulkin Sojan {asar Argentina, ta 1976 zuwa 1983.

Dokokin shari’a, da dama, na yankin Kudancin Amirka, ba su da wata gajeruwar hanyar yin amfani da fasaha, don sawwa}a gudanar da al’amurra. Wata makarantar koyon aikin lauya, da {asar Amirka ta gina, kusa da da arewacin kan iyakar }asashen Amirka da Mexico, na }o}arin can al’amarin. Tun 1998, Makarantar Koyon Aikin Lauya ta yankin California, dake Birnin San Diego, na Jihar California, ke gudanar da bitar shari’a da shirin ilmantar da jama’a, na }ungiyar Proyecto ACCESO, sai kuma “Ha]in Gwiwar Gogaggun Lauyoyi Don Samun Mafita, na {asar Spain.” {ungiyar ACCESO ta horar da dubban masana ilmin aikin shari’a, a nahiyar ta Amirka, tun daga al}alai, ya zuwa masu kare wa]anda ake tuhuma da aikata laifuka, ya zuwa lauyoyi, masu zaman kansu, da kuma jami’an tsaro, da nufin inganta harkokin shari’a, a yankin. “Muna }o}arin fito da tsarin shari’a, daga cikin dubu, zuwa cikin haske, da canja irin cin hancin da aka shafe shekaru, ana yi, da dokokin hukunta masu aikata laifuka, masu simatsi,” in ji darektan {ungiyar ta Proyecto ACCESO, James Cooper, wanda ya yi imanin cewa, fasahar zamani na iya sa tsarin shari’ar, a nahiyar Amirka, ya aiwatar da gaskiya, da yin bayani dalla-dalla ga kowa. Yin amfani da fasaha, don }ara jaddada yin adalci, shine manufar shirin. {ungiyar ta ACCESO Tec, wadda wani ~angare ne na shirin, na da nufin }ara yawan damar tabbatar da adalci ga kowa da kowa, ta hanyar tsarawa da kuma ya]a yin amfani da na’urorin shari’a, na zamani. Misalan sun ha]a da kundin jera harkokin fasahar zamani, da tsarin gudanar da harkokin shari’a da kuma na’urar dake ]auke da duk wani bayani game da harkokin shari’a. jami’an tawagar tilasta yin aiki da dokoki ta ACCESO Tec, dake yankin Amirka ta Kudu, na amfani da na’urori masu }wa}walwa, dake tsananta bincike, don tabbatar da makircin rundunoni da binciko yadda ake gudanar da cin hanci da rashawa da gano kayayyakin da ake yi fashinsu, a teku. Har ila yau, tawagar masana harkokin shari’ar na amfani da shaidar launin halittar ]an adam, wajen ‘yantar da wa]anda aka yi kuskuren tsarewa ko aka yanke ma su hukuncin laifin da ba su aikata ba.

A 2002, ‘yan agaji, tare da kamfanin Proyecto ACCESO Tec, sun yi safara da jirgin }asa, tun daga La Paz da Bolivia, zuwa Arica, dake {asar Chile, inda suke

koyar da dabarun yin amfani da dokokin shari’a, ga ]aliban dake koyon aikin lauya da masu gabatar da }ararraki da al}alai da kuma masu kare wa]anda ake

tuhuma da aikata laifuka.

{arin Bayanai Daga litattafai da }asidu da kuma shafukan yanar-gizo da suka danganci ayyuka da

gwagwarmayar }ungiyoyin jama’a da kuma kafofin watsa labaru.

Wani ]alibin Jami’ar Helwan ne ke ri}e da wayar tafi-da-gidanka, yayinda yake zana tambarin Gidan Telebijin na Al-Jazeera, domin tunawa da zanga-zangar juyin

juya halin da aka yi, a Birnin Al}ahira a kakar 2011.

Litattafai Da Rahotanni Farivar, Cyrus. The Internet of Elsewhere. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 2011. Fine, Robert, ed. The Big Book of Social Media: Case Studies, Stories, Perspectives. Tulsa: Yorkshire Publishing, 2010. Gillmor, Dan. Mediactive. San Francisco: Creative Commons, 2010. http://mediactive.com/ Holtz, Shel. Tactical Transparency: How Leaders Can Leverage Social Media to Maximize Value and Build their Brand. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009. Howard, Philip N. “The Role of Digital Media.” Journal of Democracy, vol. 22, no. 3 (July 2011), p. 35, 14 pages. Jenkins, Henry. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: NYU Press, 2008. Morozov, Evgeny. The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. Philadelphia: Perseus Books Group, 2010. Rushkoff, Douglas. Program or Be Programmed: 10 Commandments for the Digital Age. New York: OR Books, 2010. Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age. New York: Penguin Press, 2010. —. Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations. New York: Penguin Group, 2008. —. “The Political Power of Social Media: Technology, the Public Sphere, and Political Change.” Current, vol. 552 (May 2011), p. 17. Sonvilla-Weiss, Stefan, ed. Mashup Cultures. Vienna: Springer Verlag, 2010. Sunstein, Cass R. Going to Extremes: How Like Minds Unite and Divide. New York: Oxford UP, 2009. Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. New York: Basic Books, 2011.

Zandt, Deanna. Share This!: How You Will Change the World with Social Networking. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2010.

Shafukan Yanar-Gizo Berkman Center for Internet and Society http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/ Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Youth and Media http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/research/youthandmedia The Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) http://www.civicyouth.org/ CrisisCommons CrisisCommons seeks to advance and support the use of open data and volunteer technology communities to catalyze innovation in crisis management and global development. http://crisiscommons.org/ Digital Media Mash Up The Digital Media Mash Up is a weekly newsletter focusing on digital media events, news and research from around the world. http://cima.ned.org/tools-and-resources/digital-media-mash Tactical Technology Collective Tactical Tech is an international nongovernmental organization working in close collaboration with partners, usually human rights groups and local issue-focused NGOs, for social change and the potential of technology and effective information processes to contribute to it. http://www.tacticaltech.org Featured Organizations Managing Natural Disasters Room Donor.jp Centralized disaster information including offers of and requests for accommodation for evacuees and people displaced by the events in Tohoku, Japan. http://roomdonor.jp/ Télécoms Sans Frontières Telecom Without Borders offers telephones to people in areas that are affected by natural disasters, conflict or famine. http://www.tsfi.org/ Ushahidi Ushahidi is a nonprofit tech company that specializes in developing free and open source software for information collection, visualization and interactive mapping. http://www.ushahidi.com/ Combating Corruption The Fair Play Alliance The Fair-Play Alliance is an NGO based in Slovakia that monitors political party finance in the country and promotes transparency in party financing and procurement. http://www.fair-play.sk/index_en.php ProPublica ProPublica is an independent, nonprofit newsroom that produces investigative journalism in the public interest. http://www.propublica.org/ Zero Rupee Note This NGO works to encourage, enable and empower every citizen of India to eliminate corruption at all levels of society. http://india.5thpillar.org/front_page Empowering People HarassMap HarassMap, a crowd-sourced way to monitor and protect women in Cairo, enables Egyptian women to take a stand against sexual harassment and abuse. http://harassmap.org/ Project Masiluleke Project Masiluleke uses mobile devices for the delivery of public health information reaching upwards of 1 million South Africans every day, helping connect them to care. http://poptech.org/project.

Gwamnatin Amirka ba ta ha}}i a kan duk wani labarin da aka buga, ko yake cikin wannan rukunin ba. Dukan linzaman yanar-gizon dake da dangantaka da wannan suna nan bu]e har ya zuwa watan Oktobar 2011.

Me Ka Fi Damuwa Da Shi? Bayyana wa mujallar eJournal USA duk wani abinda ka fi sha’awa!

Ka yi amfani da wayar tarkonka, don bincika adireshin yanar-gizo mai suna: http://causemap.crowdmap.com/reports/submit.

1. Chart Your Cause! Ka kuma aike da rahoto zuwa: http://causemap.crowdmap.com/reports/submit.

BAYAR DA RAHOTO: Fayyace sunan abinda ka fi damuwa da shi. BAYANI: Fa]a ma na game da manufarka da kuma dalilin da ya s aka damu da

ita. RUKUNI: Za~i rukunin abinda ya shafi wannan manufar.

MUHALLI: Nuna muhallin inda ka ke wannan rubutun KO kuma ka rubuta sunan gari da }asarka, a kan daidai farfajiyar da aka ke~e, a taswirar duniya, sai kuma ka

ta~a jar tutar dake kan taswirar, don tabbatar ma na da inda ka ke. Sa’an nan ka mi}a sa}onka!

2. Wa ya kula da irin manufar da ka ke da ita? Nemo jam’ar dake da manufa irin wannan, a shafin yanar-gizon mai suna:

http://causemap.crowdmap.com

Ka bu]e rukunin da ya bayar da umurnin da a nemi sauran mutanen da suka da ala}a da manufarka.

Yi amfani da wannan adireshin, dake hannun hagu, a kan taswirar, don fa]a]a kowane yanki na duniya.