PRACTICAL MANUAL for BIO-ZOOLOGY

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PRACTICAL MANUAL for BIO-ZOOLOGY.

For

XII standard Biology.

Government Higher Secondary School,

_______________, Puducherry.

2017 -18.

I N D E X

Ex. No.

Test for food components

Page

Date

Signature

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Identification of Slides / Medical Equipments /Models and Specimens

Study of Prepared Slides

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Identification of Slides / Medical Equipments /Models and Specimens

Models and Specimens

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Medical Equipments

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( I, II, III )

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I

1. .

II

1. .

III

1. .

: III, .

~~~

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( I, II, III )

.

Reagents required: Benedicts solution.

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Sample

Procedure

Observation

Result

I

1. 1 .. . .

II

1. 1 .. . .

III

1. 1 .. . .

: I, .

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( I, II, III ) .

Reagents required: NaOH solution.

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Sample

Procedure

Observation

Result

I

1. 1 .. (NaOH) . .

II

1. 1 .. . .

III

1. 1 .. . .

: I, .

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A

.

Reagents required: 5% NaOH Solution.

A

1. 1 .. 5 % (NaOH) .

: A .

~~~

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A

.

Reagents required: Ninhydrin reagent.

A

1. . ,

.

: A .

(B / C) :

Reagents required: Phenol red solution, Horse gram powder.

Sample

Observation

Sample

B

1. 2 . .

C

1. 2 . .

: B

(B / C) :

Reagents required: , .

Sample

Observation

Sample

B

1. 2 . .

C

1. 2 . .

: B

Q.1: I, II, III .

Reagents required: Benedicts reagent, Iodine solution.

S. No

1

I

1. 1 .. . .

2

II

1. 1 .. . .

3

III

1. 1 .. . .

: II, .

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Sl. No.

1

I

1. .

2

II

1. .

3

III

1. .

: III, .

: II, .

III, .

A

:

Reagents required: Ninhydrin reagent, 5% NaOH solution.

Procedure and Tabulation:

A

1. . , .

A

1. 1 .. 5 % (NaOH) .

A .

0r

A

1. . , .

A

1. 1 .. 5 % (NaOH) .

A .

( B / C )

:

Reagents required: Phenol red solution, Horse gram powder.

Sample

Observation

Sample

B

1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube. With this 2 grams of Phenol red solution is added. It is followed with the addition of a pinch of horse gram powder.

1. 2 . .

Appearance of

Deep Brown or Red color precipitate

Presence of Urea is confirmed

C

1 ml. of sample is taken in a clean test tube. With this 2 grams of Phenol red solution is added. It is followed with the addition of a pinch of horse gram powder.

1. 2 . .

No appearance of

Deep Brown or Red color precipitate

Absence of Urea

Result: B .

Ex. No. 1

Entamoeba histolytica

1. It is anendoparasitic protozoan, 20-30 microns in diameter, worldwide in distribution.

2. Its infestation causes amoebic dysentryoramoebiasis.

3. The mature, active adult organism is called astrophozoite.

4. It has clear ectoplasm and granular endoplasm with a nucleus.

5. The endoplasm has food vacuoles containing bacteria and host cell nuclei.

6. Trophozoitegets encysted which contains mass of glycogen and chromatin bodies.

7. The infection takes place by ingestion of cyst causesamoebiasis.

8. We can preventamoebiasisby personal hygiene.

Ex. No. 2

Tapeworm Scolex - ()

Zoological notes:

1.Taeniasoliumis a pork tapeworm inhabits in the human intestine.

2.The head oftaeniaorScolexisattachedtothe wall of the intestine.

3.Thescolexis just the size of a pins head and bears 4 suckers oracetabula.

4.Terminal region ofscolexbears the cone shapedRostellum,

5.At the base ofrostellumthere is a double row ofchitinoushooks.

6.Therostellarhooks are 28 in number.

7.Head is followed by a slender neck and followed by the body orstrobila.

Ex. No. 3

Mature Proglottid of Taenia Solium -

1. Taeniasoliumis a hermaphrodite worm.

2. The body orstrobilais made up of many segments calledproglottids.

3. Eachproglottidshas both male and female sex organs.

4. The anteriorproglottidsof the body are younger.

5. The Matureproglottidscontain fully developed organs of both sexes.

6. Matureproglottidshavenumerous testes.

7. The ovary is singlebilobedstructure.

8. The testes are connected by fine tubules with a single large sperm duct.

Ex. No. 4

Red Blood Corpuscles or Erythrocytes

v) .

vi) .

1. Human Red Blood Corpuscles or Erythrocytes are circular, Bi-concave,discoidaland non-nucleated cells.

2. RBCssize arenormally uniform. Its diameter is 7.2 microns.

3. The thickness is 1 micron at the center and 2.2 microns at the margin.

4. RBCis madeup ofstroma. Haemoglobingives red color tothis cells.

5. Normal count in adult male is 4.2 5.8 million per cubic mm.

6. In female 3.6 5.2 million per cubic mm.

7. Decrease in RBC level isanaemia. Increase in RBC level is called asPolycythemia.

Ex. No. 5

White Blood Cells or Leucocytes

v) .

vi) .

1. Human White Blood Corpuscles or Leucocytes are nucleated, colorless cells.

2. WBCs size ranges from 8 to 15 microns. Normal WBC count is 8000 per cubic mm

3. They are classified intoGranulocytes andAgronulocytes.

4. Neutrophils,Eosinophilsandbasophilsare granular.

5. Agranulocyteshave no granules in cytoplasm.They are Lymphocytes andMonocytes.

6. Decrease in WBC count leads toleucopenia. Increase of WBC results Leukemia.

Ex. No. 6

Mammalian Brain L.S.

i. The Brain is located in the cranial cavity.

ii. It is divisible into fore brain, mid brain and hind brain.

iii. Fore brain comprises diencephalon and the cerebrum.

iv. The Mid brain connects the fore brain with hind brain.

v. Hind brain comprises cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata.

vi. The cerebrum is associated with intelligence, memory, emotions, learn-ability from experience.

vii. Cerebellum maintains muscle tone and pasture of the body.

viii. The medulla oblongata controls autonomous activities such as circulation and respiration.

Ex. No. 7: Eye of Mammal

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Ex. No. 8.

Human Ear (Internal Structure) - .

Ex. No. 9

Ex. No. 10.

Ex. No. 11. Mammalian Heart Model - Internal structure

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Zoological notes:

Ex. No. 12.

Stethoscope

i. The stethoscope helps to find normal versus abnormal heart sounds and to diagnose valve functions.

ii. The stethoscope can indicate fluid in lungs in case of pneumonia and pulmonary edema.

iii. It can diagnose diseases like bronchitis and pleuritis.

iv. The stethoscopes are also used to compare the movements in the normal versus overactive or underactive intestinal tract.

v. The stethoscopes are also used along with the sphygmomanometer.

Ex. No. 13

Sphygmomanometer

i. It is an instrument used to measure blood pressure.

ii. The blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of arteries.

iii. Blood pressure is measured when a person is in relaxed and resting condition.

iv. The normal blood pressure value is 120/80 mm mercury.

v. Relaxation of the heart muscles is called diastole measures 80 mm/Hg

vi. Contraction of the heart muscles is Systole measures 120 mm/Hg.

Ex. No. 14. An Eye drop bottle having antibiotic fluid

i. An eye drop is to be administered strictly according to the prescription issued by a qualified doctor to specific persons.

ii. Eye drops are available for infections, alleregic reactions, inflammations, glaucoma and other illnesses.

iii. Certain eye drops may have adverse effects and allergic reactions in some people.

iv. Special prec