Editor: Eliot Zhang SCID, Taiwan 2011.06

社會關懷

VOL.1-3

設計所關懷的對象演進順序：

權貴 → 大眾 → 弱勢族群 → 環境 →人性

定義：社會關懷

工藝美術運動

關懷形式

•包浩斯

•現代主義

•貧難救助

關懷量產與機能

•通用設計

•綠色設計

•人性情感

關懷使用與道德

量產

機能 關懷大眾與使用性

此種設計所關懷的對象主要是已開發國家的大眾，藉由機能上的創新，以及量產的能力，使產品相對地平價。「可堆疊」亦是此類設計的特色之一。

01__Band-Aid, 1921 Earle Dickson (American, 1891-1936) 原因：造福廣大的受傷者

02__Hotpoint-Hughes Electric Range, 1922 George A. Hughes 原因：第一個出現白色的家電，電爐穩定的火力讓烹調更容易

03__Tampax, 1929 Earie Cleverland Haas (1888-1981) 原因：造福廣大的女性，在生理期時有更方便的選擇

04__Condom, 1930 原因：乳膠式保險套的發明，讓更廣泛的群眾都能便宜地使用， 大大地降低性行為造成的社會問題。

05__Kubus stacking containers, 1938 glass Wilhelm Wagenfeld 原因：隔熱、蓋子互用、易堆疊收納、不貴

06__Tupperware, 1946 polyolefin, polyethylene Earl Tupper 原因：保存食物、防止濺出、大眾價位

07__set of dishes, 1959 plastic Albert Krause, East Germany 原因：突破原本鐵幕內的傳統設計品味，將現代精神的機能性與量產引入東歐

08__Selene Stacking Chairs, 1961 Vico Magistretti (1920-2006) 原因：便宜而有型，造福大眾

09__Volkswagen Beetle, 1938 Production：1938–2003 特色：廉價耐用的國民車 原因：以低廉的價錢、耐用的功能性、獨特的造型，關懷了廣大中產階級的需求

10__Mini, 1959-2000 BMC to MG Rover, and Innocenti, Authi 原因：Mini是在燃油危機之下的ADO15計劃中被開發出來的省油小車。

11__Honda super cab（本田小狼）, 1958 Honda 原因：堅固耐用、省油耐操、男女兼宜、經典有型（No.1 motorcycle)

12__Honda Racoon Lx-3, 1997 Honda 原因：騎腳踏車環保生活也可以很輕鬆

13__Washlets, 1980 TOTO 原因：人類的如廁行為因為這樣的設計被更體貼的關照

人因

通用 關懷大眾與使用性

此種設計所關懷的對象仍是著重於已開發國家的大眾，人因工程的思維逐漸進入產品設計中，開始進入使用者為中心的階段。

14__Rex Potato Peeler, 1947 Alfred Neweczeral (1899-1958) 原因：universal design 的早期代表，比傳統的削皮器更易使用，左右手皆好用

15__O Series Scissors, 1960 Olof Backstrom (1922~) 原因：巧妙的讓手把部分的口徑變化，以便適合不同大小的手

16__Kitchen Knife and Cutting Board, 1973 (Stainless steel and polypropylene) Ergonomi Design Gruppen (Sweden, est. 1969) 原因：讓手不方便的人也能夠輕鬆的切菜

17__Tripp Trapp chair , 1972 Peter Opsvik 原因：universal design 代表作，大人小孩都適用的椅子

18__ Stokke Gravity Chair, 1983 Peter Opsvik, Norwegian 原因：同一椅子能配合身體的姿態轉換而具多種使用性

19__AWS-1 Hex Wrench Set, 1984 Howard and Eric Hawkins 原因：更省力的扳手

20__Adjustable Spoons, 1986 Ergonomi Design Gruppen (Sweden, est. 1969) 原因：可調整的湯匙讓兒童在學習使用餐具時更方便

21__OXO Good grips, 1989 Smart Design, New York (American, est. 1979) 原因：universal design 的代表作，更好握的握把讓人可以更省力的使用

22__Ergonomic keyboard (Kinesis/single-handed), 199x Michael J. Gerard 原因：更符合人因的鍵盤

23__Aeron Office Chair, 1992 94% recycleable Donald T. Chadwick and William Stumpf (Herman Miller, Inc.) 原因：關心你的坐骨神經

24__Fingermax, 2000 polymer Büro für Form, Germany 原因：提供拿畫筆有困難的使用者一種新機會， iF Design Award 2000

貧弱

災難

尊嚴 關懷大眾與使用性

工業設計所服務的對象在此更加擴大，從已開發國家中的健康者向外延伸，以原本量產理性的思維，服務世界上其他貧弱國家的人民，以及身體有殘疾的人。

25__Jaipur foot and below-knee prosthesis, 1968 Master Ram Chandra Sharma and Dr P. K. Sethi 原因：低成本、耐用、防水的義肢，穿不穿鞋皆可

26__Novo Pen, 1985 Novo nordisk 原因：讓糖尿病患者可以更有尊嚴地注射胰島素

27__Racing Wheel chair, 1986 (Aircraft-steel tubing, cotton, and nylon) Bob Hall (1951~) 原因：在 independent living 的脈絡下，讓身障人士能移動得更快，更有尊嚴

28__ Kenya Ceramic Jiko, 1982 International aid and governmental agencies, local women’s organizations, and craftspeople 原因：減少30%~50%的燃料消耗，降低有毒物質的排放

29__Q drum, 1993 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) P. J. and J. P. S. Hendrikse 原因：使用者可以輕鬆地運水

30__ Pot-in-Pot Cooler, 1995 local potters Mohammed Bah Abba 原因：藉由夾層的水蒸發帶走熱量，延長食物保存期限，便於運送販賣

31__Final Home, 1994 Nylon 津村耕佑/Kosuke Tsumura 原因：提供關懷遊民的新思考

32__15 below, 2007 Nylon TAXI 原因：真正用於慈善活動

33__ Paper Emergency Shelters For UNHCR , 1998 (constructed) 坂茂 原因： UNHCR帳篷一般以鋁管配塑膠布，但難民會賣掉鋁管，砍旁邊的樹， 故本案改採紙管

34__ Super MoneyMaker Pump , 1998 Robert Hyde, Martin Fisher, Mark Butcher, and Adblikadir Musa 原因：一種不需要用電的幫浦，可將水抽高14m，輔助灌溉，提昇收入

35__ PermaNet, 2000 100% polyester impregnated with deltamethrin (synthetic parathyroid) Vestergaard Frandsen 原因：具有長效殺蟲效果，減少瘧疾病例

關懷使用與道德 綠色

人性

產品材料與環境的關係被更加著重，消費社會中，產品是影響環境的重要因子。藉由材料的選擇，讓人類可以與環境和平共存，是設計師的權利、責任、與義務。產品與人性更深刻的關聯，也在世紀末逐漸浮現。

36__Beverage Can with Non-removable Pull-Tab Opener, 1975 Daniel F. Cudzik (American, born 1934) 原因：大量地減少飲料拉環被隨地丟棄的可能性

37__Continua, 1992 Aluminum, steel, wood, glass Pallucco, Italy 原因：極簡、模組化、可回收材料、多樣化使用、依需求搭配

38__Clips, 199x polypropylene, stainless steel Bernard Vuarnesson, Sculptures-Jeux, France 原因：鼓勵使用現成物、重複利用、eco-design

39__Olio chair, 1992 100% recycled, aluminum rod IXC. R&D (Japan) 原因：所使用的材料具有優良的再生性

40__Citizen Eco-Drive, 1995 Citizen 原因：完全不需換電池的石英震盪手錶

41__ Topolino, 1995 Steel, glass, granite Tonwerk Lausen AG, Swizerland 原因：優化燃燒效率達85%，二段式放熱（直接輻射、石材鋼材吸熱放熱）

42__Cricket, 1996 Steel, plastic Julian Brown 原因：能促進回收的樂趣

43__Attila, 1996 injection-moulded ABS, polycarbonate, Sabtorene Julian Brown 原因：能促進回收的樂趣

44__ Paper Tube and Plywood Stool, 1997 plywood + paper tube 坂茂 原因： 易回收的材質加上收納的方便性

45__ Recycled Metal Art Furniture , 1997 Boris Bally 原因：回收金屬路標再利用

46__IFCO returnable transit packaging, 199x polypropylene IFCO (International Food Container Organization) 原因：11種標準尺寸、較紙箱更耐用易洗可回收

47__ Presswood Pallet, 199x waste timber. resins Inka Paletten GmbH, Germany 原因：廢物利用、節省空間

48__Garden Bench,1999 Jurgen Bey 原因：將廢棄的草渣回收製成椅子，為綠色設計提供了一種極具代表性的 激進概念

49__Pallecon 3 Autoflow, 2000 Steel LKS Industries Pty Ltd, Australia 原因：將運送液體或粉末的需求整合進結構設計，體積可縮減、可回收材質 iF Design Award 2000

50__Eco, 2000 polywood Peter Karpf 原因：節省材料、 iF Ecology Design Award 2000

51__VarioPac, 2000 metoxene X 50081 (metallocene polypropylene) Ejector Systems GmbH, Germany 原因：方便取出CD、減少製造時的能量消耗與運送時的體積 iF Ecology Design Award 2000

52__SCHÄFER Eco Keg, 2000 Stainless steel, thermal plastic SCHÄFER WERKE GMBH 原因：不使用膠來固定墊圈，易拆解、回收、更換。 iF Ecology Design Award 2000

53__SRAM 9.0 sl, 2000 part recycled content – rubber, metal composites SRAM 原因：30-50% recycled components, design for disassembly iF Ecology Design Award 2000

54__Sony AIBO, 1999 Sony 原因：排遣現代人的寂寞、不需餵食、處理大小便，不生病

55__Accessories for lonely men, 2001 aluminum, plastic, electronics Noam Toran 原因：賦予機器人性化因子

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