덕성여자대학교 약학과 조효선...

덕성여자대학교 약학과

조효선 교수

1. 패턴인지 수용체, PRR(pattern recognition receptor)

- 병원체 관련 분자 패턴, PAMP(pathogen-associated molecular pattern)

- TLR(Toll like receptors) e.g., macrophages, DC, neutrophils

그림3-5 최신면역학(라이프사이언스, 2011)

Chapter 3. 선천면역(Innate Immunity)

Fig. 2.19. LPS recognition by TLR-4 Fig. 2.20. TLRs vs NODs (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain)

TLRs; cell surface, intracellular vesicles NODs; cytosol


2. 산화적 방어법 vs 비산화적 방어법 e.g., macrophages, neutrophils

- 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS), 활성질소종(reactive nitrogen species, RNS),

iNOS

- 라이소자임(lysozyme), 양이온성 항미생물 펩티드(antimicrobial peptide, AMP) ; defensin1



3. 급성기 반응 단백질(APR protein)

- C-반응 단백질(C-reactive protein)

탐식작용 촉진, complements활성

- mannan-binding lectin (MBL)

complements활성


Fig. 2.51.

4. 싸이토카인(cytokines)

Cytokine : secreted by cells & affect other cells Chemokine : attract cells, small family of cytokine

Fig. 2.54. interferons


IFN-γ

제 1형(Type I interferon)

: IFN-α, IFN-β

제 2형(Type II interferon)

: IFN-γ

5. 케모카인(chemokines)

- chemotaxis 주화성

- 백혈구의 염증조직으로

이동유도

- 명명법 e.g.,


Fig. 2.46.

CC; chemokines with two adjacent cysteines

CXC; two cysteines residues are separated by one aa


세포부착분자 (cell adhesion molecules) 1. Selectin family: L(CD62L), E,P-selectin 백혈구의 homing에 관여 2. Integrin family: VLA(ß1integrin), LFA-1 (ß2integrin) 3. Immunoglobulin superfamily: ICAM1,2,3 혈관내피세포에 발현, integrin과 결합 4. Mucin-like family: GlyCAM-1, PSGL-1 selectin과 결합

그림 3-9 혈관외유출(extravasation) 그림3-9 최신면역학(라이프사이언스, 2011)

Chapter 3. 선천면역(Innate Immunity) 선천면역계의 주요세포들

그림 3-1 그림3-1 최신면역학(라이프사이언스, 2011)

Fig. 2.56. NK cell killing depends on the balance between activating and inhibitory signals


-억제수용체 Inhibitory receptors (ITIM을 포함) 1) KIR(killer cell Ig-like receptor) 2) ILT(Ig like transcript) 3) C형 렉틴 e.g., NKG2A,B Recognition for MHC class I : prevent NK cells from killing normal cells

-활성수용체 natural cytotoxicity receptor (ITAM을 포함) trigger killing by NK cells e.g., NKp46, NKG2D selectively kill cells bearing low level of MHC class I


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Schematic diagram indicating the complementary activities of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

Innate vs Adaptive


적응면역(Adaptive immunity): Specific, slow, memory

1. BCR(B-cell antigen receptors) interact directly with antigen

2. TCR(T-cell antigen receptors) only recognize antigen presented by MHC molecules

3. MHC(major histocompatibility complex), 주조직 적합성 복합체

All vertebrates appear to possess an MHC, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes

적응면역(Adaptive Immunity)

B 세포

인식함

증식

그림7-13 최신면역학(라이프사이언스, 2011)

TCR+(MHC+antigenic peptide) BCR + Antigen

MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) 주조직 적합성 복합체

-Named from their role in tissue (histo-) graft rejection (compatibility)

-MHC genes are the most variable genes in the human genome

polygenic: pertaining two or more genes e.g.,A,B,C,D

polymorphic: existence of multiple alleles of the same gene e.g., A1,A2,A3,A4

- Present peptides to T cells

- Class I MHC molecules : found on all cells

- Class II MHC molecules : found mainly on immune cells (APCs)


Adaptive immune response

APC

B7 CD28

TCR Peptide

MHC

T cell

Foreign Antigen

(pathogen)

-

APC(antigen presenting cells) 항원제시세포

: dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells

APC(antigen presenting cells) 항원제시세포

: dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells


MHC(major histocompatibility complex)

+ TCR(T cell receptor)


Page 71, Immunology for Medical Students(Mosby International Ltd 2002)

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