1. 2011.8 3

2. 2011 11-1260000-000264-14 3 3 3 3 3 2011 8 02)2100-0116 110-787 37 FAX 02)2100-0113 3 . 3. . 1 . 17 1. 19 2. 22 3. , 28 4. 31 5. 32 6. 33 . 43 1. 45 2. 55 3. 62 . 65 1. 67 2. 69 3. 77 4. . 81 1. 83 2. 91 3. 97 . 111 1. 113 2. 115 3. 116 4. 119 5. 125 6. 128 . 139 1. 141 2. 143 3. 154 4. 157 5. . 161 1. 163 2. 180 3. 181 4. 186 5. 187 6. 192 7. 197 8. 208 9. 212 10. 214 6. - 1 - . 1. 2. 7. - 3 - 8. - 4 - () 9. - 5 - 1 . . 2010 (, MONGOLIA) (90%), (5.9%), (2%) 17 (Ulaanbaatar, " " , 1,350m) 1,567,000( 7.4) 275( : 124) - : 1.78/ - : 65.2( 62.9, 67.6) 32,700 - 13,883, 14,480, 2,176, 1,920, 269 21 (), 315 () 1921. 7.11( ) 1924.11.26( , ) (80%), (5%), 90 ( 4 , 2%) ( ) (Khalkh Mongolian) ( ) 1 / 2,000(- 1,226Mile) / 3 10. - 6 - 1.1 1.1-2() ( ) 3.8 6.1 7.11-13 11.26 ( : ) : () () o , o , o - 1924 1 - ( ) - ( ) 11. - 7 - - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) o (1992 ) 1921-1924 1924-1940 1940-1992 o 3 - o - o - o 1991 o 1940-1941 1941-1960 1960-1991 12. - 8 - () o : (.), (.) o : (.) o 1950 1961, 1991, 2006 13. - 9 - 14. - 10 - , 15. - 11 - . . - , - : 8,162km( 4,710km, 3,452km) 2,394km 1,259km 1,567,000 ( 7.4) , , , , , , , , , , (80%), (10%), (2%), (9%) 40% , , , , (Huityn Origil) 4,366m, 522m 1,580m ( ) (Foreal Realm) - ( , ) - 1 257 10 4 45 , 36 1,036hpa 16. - 12 - 2 . . : (1992.1.13 , 2000.12.14 ) o - o - o : Ts. Elbegdorj(, ) o : S. Batbold(, ) o : D. Demberel(, ) o (Mongolian People's Party) : 45 - 1990 ( : ) - 1996. 6 (25) - 2000. 7 (76 72) - 2004. 6 , 37 - 2006. 1 ( 1 ) - 2007.11 Enkhbold() 17. - 13 - Bayar() - 2008. 6 45 , 2008.9 - 2009.10 2010.4 Batbold() - 2010.11 - 2011. 3 90 - : S. Batbold(, ) o (Democratic Party) : 27 - 2000. 7 5 2001.12 - 2004. 6 , - 2006. 1 - 2008. 6 - 2008. 9 Altankhuyag() 1 - : N. Altankhuyag() 2008 28 Elbegdorj() 27 o (Mongolian Citizens Will Party) : 1 - - : S. Oyun () o (Mongolian Green Party) : 1 - : Enkhbat () 2011.2.3 , 18. - 14 - o : 2 - Altai (, 25 TV ) - Shinebayar(, Dornod() , , 2010.11 ) . (2010). (2010) : 59.8 1 GDP : 2,200 : 6.1% : 61.7 o : 28.9 o : 32.8 o : , (82%), (6%) o : (21%), (17%), (13%), (5%) o : , , , , , : 10.1% : 3.3% : 23 () : 48.4 19. - 15 - : Tugrik()(US$1 = 1,250Tg 2011.7 ) o - 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 20000 o ( ) 100 500 1000 5000 10000 20000 : (1,750, 4), (5,500, 2), (1,400, 3), (6, 14), (21, 7), (24, 3), (7, 5), , , , (10 ) 20. - 17 - . 1. 2. 3. , 4. 5. 6. . . . . 21. - 19 - 1 (BC 20CAD 12C) . . : 2-1 o - , . , . . o - , , . . . o : , , , o : , , o : , o B.C. 3 22. - 20 - o - - , , -- - () o - o 4 o 402 o 140 555 o 552 o 3 : , ( 1) o , , , o 581 , 630, 657 () 23. - 21 - o 2(682-745) : 682 () () - : o 2 o 1 , () o 745 840 o () (755-763) o , (= ) , : , , 2004 o 840 o , 24. - 22 - 1162 - 1162 : 1155, 1161, 1162, 1167 1175- 1176 , , 1182 () 1184 (anda, ) 1186 1 1187 2 (1206-1368) . . , 9 , 12 . . 25. - 23 - 1196 1196- 1197 ( , ) 1198- 1199 1201 , 1202 1203 , 1204 , 1205 1206 (Chinggis Khan) , , 2 1207 1208 1209 () 1211 , 1218 , 1219 15-20 1225 : , ( ) 1226 : 1227 o : 1227-1229 26. - 24 - . . 3. 1. 2. 4. 5. : (Ogotai Khan, 1229-1241) o 3 1229 2 o 1234 o 1235 o 1240 , o , ( , 1242-1246) 27. - 25 - (Guyuk Khan, 1246-1248) o , 1248 2 - ( , 1248-1251) (Munkhe Khan, 1251-1259) o o o o 2 (1252, 1254) o (1258, ) o (1259) (Khubilai khan, 1260-1294) o 1267 , 1272 o (, ) (, ) () o 1271 () () () : ! ! ( : ()) o (1272) o 2 (1274, 1281) o o 28. - 26 - () (1368) o o o , , o 1333 (Togun-temur) o o 1483 (4 ) ( 3) 1224-1310 o - o : o ( ) 1227-1380 o - o - : - : - - o o ( ) 1243-1502 o o : o o o ( 4 ) 1258-1410 o , o : o o ( 4 ) 1271-1368 o , o : () o o () 29. - 27 - 1260 - , 700 - - - - (Pax Mongolica) Washington Post 1995 1 30. - 28 - 3 , (13681911) . . o 1368 - () o 1371 o 6 () 4 () , 6 () 3 : 15, o - o 1455 o 1466 (dayan) . . o 17 , 31. - 29 - , o , - o 1626 , o 1632 - 1634 - o 1636 16 , 49 , o 1640 - - o 1688 o 1689 o 1691 , o 1717 o 1727 , - , () . (. () ) o 1755 32. - 30 - o 1911.8 o 1911.9 8 o 1912.11 ( , ) o 1912-1919 , 33. - 31 - 4 (1920 ) o (D.Sukhebaatar) , () (1921.7.11) (7.11) , 7.1113 o 1924.11.26 2 o 1939.5-9 : o 1946.2 , (1947.5) o 1959.12 - o 1960 - , o 1961 UN 34. - 32 - 5 (1990 ) o 1960-1990 , o 1990 o 1989.12.10 o 1990.2.18 1 o 1990.5.10 o 1990.7.29 - - o 1991 30 , o 1992.1.13 35. - 33 - 6 . [1162-1227]. [1162-1227] . < > 1162 , . . . . . 10 . 12 , , , , , . , . . 36. - 34 - , . . 1178 16 . , . . () . 1181 . 1189 27 , . 1196 . , , . 1197 . . 1201 . . 1202 . . (10), (100), (1000), (1) . 37. - 35 - () . . . . 19. . 19 , . . . . . 1204 . 1206 () () . 100 2000 . (), . , , , . , . 1207 1209 , () . 48 1210 . . . 1211 1215 (. ) . 38. - 36 - 65. ( ), . () , , , , . . . 2 , . ( ) . 2 . . 1219 . 2 . 2 . 1222 .(1223 ) , . , . . 122627 . . . 1227 8 . () () () . . 39. - 37 - 1) o , 2) o , 3) o , 4) o . 5) o 6) o , 40. - 38 - 7) o , 8) & o - . . . . - . . 9) o 10 ( ) o 41. - 39 - . [1215-1294]. [1215-1294] 1215 (4 ) . 1251 , . . , . , . < > 1259 . . 1260, 5 . , , . 4, () , 1271 () . ( ) ( ) 30 . , , . , . 1281 , 1285 . 10 . 1294 . 42. - 40 - . [1449-1510]. [1449-1510] 16 (1463-1467) . 1467 . < > . 31, . . () . . . 1481, 42 17 . 7 . 4 11 . . , . , 100 , . 43. - 41 - . [1893-1923]. [1893-1923] < > < > 16 . 1911, () , . 1911 . . 1917 1920 6 , . . . . 1921 , , 7 10 . 1923 2 22 . . . 44. - 43 - . 1. 2. 3. 45. - 45 - 1 . : . : o : ( ) o : (, , ) 3 , 3 . (The State Great Hural). (The State Great Hural) o o 76 , 4(2012.6 ) - (2011.7 ) o (4-7), (10- 2) 2 - 1/3 - 7 2 46. - 46 - D. Demberel () N. Enkhbold () G. Batkhuu () Ya.Batsuuri () P. Altangerel () D. Khayankharvaa() D. Odbayar() D. Ochirbat() J. Sukhbaatar() D. Zorigt() Ts.Sharavdorj () - Ch.Radnaa() S. Mendsaikhan() L. Purevdorj() D. Zumberellkham() D. Bayarsaikhan() J. Byambadorj() N. Luvsanjav() (N. Jantsan)() 47. - 47 - . . o , (2013.5 ) - 4, o , o (The National Security Council) o , 2/3 (NSC) - (), , 3 - NSC ( : Enkhtuvshin()) : 15 : (Institute of Strategic Studies) - , , 25 ( : Ganbat()) (NSC) (NSC) Ts.Elbegdorj(, ) N. Enkhbold(, ) . . o - 48. - 48 - - , o , 4 Open governme ntwebsite , 49. - 49 - (, 2, 12) , S. Batbold() R. Bold() D. Sugar() J. Bat-Erdene() B. Boldbaatar() Ch.Khashchuluun() S. Enkhbat() N. Altankhuyag() L. Munkhbaatar() D. Mandakh() M. Enkhbold() R. Sodkhuu() Ts.Amgalanbaatar() Ch.Khurelbaatar() G. Chuluunbaatar() S. Bayartsogt() B. Battumur() D. Tseveenjav() Ts.Nyamdorj() D. Sandag-Ochir() Ts.Sergelen() D. Murun() G. Zandanshatar() B. Ganzorig() L. Gansukh() S. Enkhtuvshin() Ts.Badrakh() M. Tungalag() T. Badamjunai() Ts.Nyam-Osor() T. Gandi() Ch.Altankhuyag() D. Bayarsaikhan() 50. - 50 - Yo.Otgonbayar() B. Lkhagvasuren() Kh.Battulga() Ts.Gankhuu() B. Enkhtur() S. Batmunkh() L. Bold() Ts.Byambajav() D. Zorigt() D. Batkhuyag() Ts.Bayarbaatar() D. Amarsaikhan() S. Lambaa() Sh.Enkhbat() . . o (The Supreme Court), (Aimag, Capital City Court), (Som, Intersom, District Court) - (The General Council of Courts) , - 16 , , , o , ( 6) 51. - 51 - Ts.Zorig() D. Dorligjav() (2) (1) (1) . . o 21 - - 45 ( 4) - ( 4) - 9 (district) (khoroo) - (21~35) (khoroo) , () - - (25~35) - ( 4) - (som : ) (bag : ) 52. - 52 - - (15~25) - G. Munkhbayar() () B. Baatarzorig() B. Munkhbaatar() Ts.Tsogzolmaa() D. Ganbold() T. Bilegt() . . o 1921 1925 (Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party : MPRP) , 1990 o 1990.2 o 1990.3 , 8 , o 1990.7.29 , , 5 o 1992.6.28 (MPRP) , (MNDP) (MSDP) o 1996.6.30 ( ) 76 50 , 75 o 2000.7.2 , 76 72 , - 2000.12.6 , 53. - 53 - o 2008.6 (2008.7.1) - 2008.9 - 2010.11 o 2012 - 2011.6 2012 1 S. Batbold() 2 U. Khurelsukh() 3 Ya.Sodbaatar() 4 Ts.Sukhbaatar() 5 U. Enkhtuvshin() 1 N. Altankhuyag() 2 D. Erdenebat() 3 Sh.Tuvdendorj() 4 Ch.Saikhanbileg() No 1 Punsalmaa Ochirbat() 1992-1997 2 Natsag Bagabandi() 1997-2001 3 Natsag Bagabandi() 2001-2005 4 Nambar Enkhbayar() 2005-2009 5 Tsakhia Elbegdorj() 2009- 54. - 54 - 1 Balin Tserendorj() 1924-1928 2 Anand Amar() 1928-1930 3 Tsengelt Jigjidjav() 1930-1932 4 Peljid Genden() 1932-1936 5 Anand Amar() 1936-1939 6 Khorloo Choibalsan() 1939-1952 7 Yumjaa Tsedenbal() 1952-1974 8 Jamba Batmunkh() 1974-1984 9 Dumaa Sodnom() 1984-1990 10 Sharav Gungaadorj() 1990 11 Dash Byambasuren() 1990-1992 12 Puntsag Jasrai() 1992-1996 13 Mendsaikhan Enkhsaikhan() 1996-1998 14 Tsakhia Elbegdorj() 1998 15 Janlav Narantsatsralt() 1998-1999 16 Rinchinnyam Amarjargal() 1999-2000 17 Nambar Enkhbayar() 2000-2004 18 Tsakhia Elbegdorj() 2004-2006 19 Miyegombo Enkhbold() 2006-2007 20 Sanjaa Bayar() 2007-2009 21 Sukhbaatar Batbold() 2009.10.29- 55. - 55 - 2 . . o 1980 , o 1986 (MPRP : Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) (Perestroika) (Glasnost) - 1988.12 (shinechlelt, ) o - 1990.2 (MDP : Mongolian Democratic Party) o 1990.7 - 1990.9 o 1992.1 - (Mongolia) - 3 ( 4) - 56. - 56 - - , - ( ) o - 1992.6 P. Jasrai() - , , - , , , , , , , , - , , , o - 1994 3 (, Aimag) , 1997 9 o () 75 - 1996.6 () ( 50, 25, 1) o , , , , o , , , 57. - 57 - o -- , . . 1997.5.18 o Bagabandi() Ochirbat() - , 1 - (), () 4 o Enkhsaikhan() , , 1998.4 , Elbegdorj() o , 3 1998.7.24 o 1998.12 Narantsatsralt() 19 , () , Amarjargal() 58. - 58 - o 2000.7.2 (MPRP) 76 72 - 1997 , 9 - , 2 4 , o o 1999.12.24 o 2000.11.29 o 2000.12.14 ( 72 69 ), - Enkhbayar() o , 59. - 59 - 2004 o 2004.6.27 , - 37, 35, 3 1 o , - (2 ) - 18 9 o 2004.6 2005 o 2005.5.22 53.46% - Nyamdorj() o - 10 o 2006.2 Enkhbold() - 1 5 o 2007.11 Bayar() 60. - 60 - 2008 o 2008.6 45 o 7.1 , 6 - 7.1 , 7.5 o 2008.7.23 5 , - 2008.9.19 , 1 5 - 7.1 , , . . 2009 o 2009.5.24 - o , 2010.1 , , 61. - 61 - o 2009.10.26 , - 2009.10.28 Batbold() - 2010.4 o 2009.10 , Chingeltei() () - Zorigt() () , o 2010.11 26 , 1921 , o 2011.3.1 90 , 2012 62. - 62 - 3 .. o 1988 15,500 - 7,500( 3,300 ), 800 - : 7,200( : 6,000, : 1,200) - : 137,000 o o 600, 650, MIG-21/36, MI-24/12 o 1990 , , - 2006 1,900 2008 5,000 2010 5,900 2011 6,400 . . : 18-25 : 1(260 ) . . 1993.10 , 63. - 63 - . . o , o o 3 , ARF o 1992.9 , 1998.11 UN , o , , o 1993 , , o 1990 - 1995 40 , - 1997 , o 2008 2009 - , , 64. - 64 - o 1991 , - 1997 - 2000 - 2000.12.1-3 , 5 - 2004.1 , 1 - 2006.8.12-25 , , 30 960 Khaan Quest (UN PKO ) o , , Khaan Quest - : (2007, 2010, 2011), (2009) - : , - : , 1999.12 Tubden Dorj() o 2003 UN , , , , , 5,000 - 2011.3 , , 400 65. - 65 - . 1. 2. . . . . 3. 66. - 67 - 1 . . o - , , o 1994 , , 2010.7 - 2011.2.10 o , EU 3 - , o 2006 ASEM - 2011 UN 50 UN - 2011-2013 (CD) . . o 2011.7 , 150 - 28 : 28, 7, 1 67. - 68 - o , 3 , , . . o 1961.10.27 UN (102 ) ESCAP, WHO, UNESCO, ILO, UNDP, IMF, WB, WTO 48 - 133 - 9 (UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, IMF, ADB, , WB, EBRD, WHO) o CICA(2001), ASEM(2006), FEALAC(2010) - (SCO) APEC - ARF (1998), OSCE , NATO - UN LLDC() (LLDC Think Tank) o 2011-2013 (CD) 68. - 69 - 2 .. o 1921 - 1921 - 1939 - 1945 2 o 1990 - 1993.1 o 2009.8 - 2 4 , - , 2010 0.8, 10.9 2010 1.08(769) o , , , - , , 1978.12.14 - : 1 600, 5 7,200 - 40%, 40-50% : 51%, 49% : Erdenet 69. - 70 - o 1999.2 (Ivanov) , - o 2000.11 : - , 25 - , , o 2003.12 ( ) - , 114 98%(100 ) o 2006.12 - 2010 10 o 2008.4 - (UBTZ) ( 50% ) - - 2 11 o 2009.3 o 2009.5 o 2009.8 - 70 - o 2010.12 - - 1.72 70. - 71 - - (UBTZ), - o 2011.5 - (UBTZ) 51% - .. o 200 - 1949.10.16 - 1960 - 1967.8 o 1971.8 - 1980 - 1989 , - 1994 - 1998 o 2003 - 2011.6 o 1 , , , 2010 24.6, 10 2010 24.6(5,303) 1 o 2003.6 71. - 72 - - , - ( - ) - (770) (3) o 2005.11 - , - , o 2008.6 - - 3 13 o 2010.4 - 4 - - o 2010.6 - , , 5 - 5 - 1 - 5 2 o 2011.6 - - 5 72. - 73 - o 2011.6 o , - , , - , 3 .. o 1987.1.27 - 1990.5 - 1988 - 1989 o - , , o , , - 3 , , PSI 73. - 74 - o 3 (2010 1.48, 1.59 ) - o 1990. 8 o 1991. 1 o 1991. 7 - 1 UNDP o 1991.10 MFN o 1993. 6 o 1994.10 USAID 5 (750) o 1998. 5 , - - - 1,200 o 2005.11 - - , PKO o 2007.10 - 5 Millenium Challenge Corporation (MCC) , , 2.85 (1.88) - PSI(Proliferation Security Initiative) Ship Boarding , MOU 74. - 75 - o 2011.6 - - .. o 1972 - 1977.3 2 - 1987.5 o 2010 3 - (2010 3, 1.9) 1990 - o 1990. 2 , o 1990.11 , o 1991. 3, 1992. 4 - 1991 IMF, ADB , 1991 - 40% 2008 OECD DAC 50% o 1998. 5 , - 21 - o 1999. 7 - , , - 1 , , 160 - , 75. - 76 - o 2001.2 - - 6 OECF ( 4 ) o 2007.2 - 10 - , , , , - , , UN o 2009.7 - o 2010.11 - - (EPA) - 5 , , , 76. - 77 - 3 . : . : o 1948.10.15 (1956, 1988), (1958, 1986) 6.25 200 o 1990.3 - 1999.8 , - o 2002.8 o 2003.11 - o 2004.12 - , o 2005.2 100 - 2006.9 , 2006.12 , 2007.7 o 77. - 78 - - 2007.9 6 , 6 o 2009 , 2010.4 , 2010.10 8 (1997.3) (1998.4) (1998.10) (1998.11) (1998.11) (2002.8) (2007) (2011.7) (1997.12) (1998.1) (1998.11) (1999.2 (1999.9) (1999.11) (2003) (2004) (2010) . : . : o 1980 , 1,000 - 1990 - 2009 5 o , - 2007.7 ( ) - 2008-2012 5 ( ) 78. - 79 - o - , 1997-1999 1956.11 1960. 1 1969. 6 1985.11 1986.10 1986.11 1996. 5 1996.12 2002. 8 2003.11 2007. 7 79. - 81 - . 1. 2. 3. 80. - 83 - 1 . . o 1990 , 2000 - 2000 , , 2004-2008 6-10% o 2008 2009 - IMF (Stand-by Loan Agreement) IMF , , , 2008.7 () 8,500 2008 3,000 o 2009 , 2010 IMF (Financial Stability Act) , 2010 2010 6.1% GDP o , , IMF 10-20% (2015 1 5, 2020 1 ) o , , , 81. - 84 - - 2010 30% , . . o , , - , , o 2010 1 GDP 2,000 , (2010 1 9,000), (275), 1 GDP - 2011 120/ - , o 95% , - , 2011.5 , , o - , 82. - 85 - . . (GDP) o 2010 59.8 2009 6.1% IMF 2010 GDP , GDP 58 181 136( 9,862 15) 2007 2008 2009 2010 GDP $39 $52 $42 $60 4 5,990 6 1,900 6 5,500 8 1,180 GDP 10.2% 8.9% -1.6% 6.1% 1 GDP $1,418 $1,890 $1,527 $2,180 o (2010 ) 22.2%, 16.2%, 6.6% < : , :10 > 2009 2010 1,286(21.2%) 1,801(22.2%) 1,177(19.4%) 1,312(16.2%) , 545 672 433 595 425(7.0%) 532(6.6%) 480 512 312 346 6,055 8,118 83. - 86 - o 2010 61 3.8 < : , : > 2007 2008 2009 2010 1,947 2,534 1,885 2,899 2,061 3,244 2,137 3,277 -114 -710 -252 -378 4,009 5,779 4,023 6,176 o , 82% - 2010 ( 30%) o (2010 ) 21% , (17%), (13%) < : , : > 2009() 2010() 305.7(16%) 874.6(30%) 501.9(27%) 770.6(27%) 88.8(5%) 250.9(9%) 308.5(16%) 178.3(6%) 159.3(8%) 173.4(6%) 122.5(6%) 134.1(5%) , 48.2(3%) 63.2(2%) 50.3(3%) 52.0(2%) 184.5(10%) 247.1(9%) 1,885.4(100%) 2,899.2(100%) 84. - 87 - < : , : > 2009() 2010() 527.9(25%) 678(21%) 279.5(13%) 546.2(17%) 168.8(8%) 422.2(13%) 155.6(7%) 168.9(5%) 82.7(4%) 114.2(3%) , 41.1(2%) 63.5(2%) 60.4(3%) 22.8(1%) 1.5(0.0%) 1.7(0.0%) 820.1(38%) 1,260.4(38%) 2,137(100%) 3,277(100%) (2010 ) o 85%, 31%( 56%) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 85. - 88 - (2010) < : , : > () 2,466 (85%) 82 (3%) 148 (5%) 30 (1%) 3 (0.1%) 141 (5%) 22 (1%) 149 (5%) 2,899 (100%) () 971 (30%) 1,046 (33%) 159 (5%) 182 (6%) 197 (6%) 22 (1%) 87 (3%) 613 (17%) 3,277 (100%) () 3,437 (56%) 1,128 (19%) 307 (5%) 212 (3%) 200 (3%) 163 (3%) 109 (2%) 762 (11%) 6,176 (100%) o 2010 10 89% ( 4%, 3%) - ( ) 53% , , , , , < : / : > 2007 2008 2009 2010 499 708 801 1,026 , , o 2008 25% 2009 6% , 2010 10.1% - , - 86. - 89 - < : EIU> 2007 2008 2009 2010 (%) 9.0 25.1 6.3 10.1 o , - 2011.4 11.0% 11.5% < : EIU> 2009 2010 2011 2/4 3/4 4/4 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4 1/4 13.2 13.2 12.9 12.4 11.9 11.8 10.7 10.5 23.5 22.2 20.8 20.1 19.7 19.4 17.9 15.8 16.5 12.0 10.8 10.0 10.9 11.0 11.0 10.8 o , 2010 ( ) < : > 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1,170 1,166 1,438 1,357 1,234 (2011.7.18 ) 87. - 90 - o 2010 3 8 40% - 50% , - 2011 GDP 7%( 5,500 ) 2009.10 68% 2011.1 < : , : > 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1,880 2,170 1,993 3,078 3,304 1,747 2,466 2,336 3,076 3,855 (% of GDP) 2.8 4.8 5.7 0 7.0 88. - 91 - 2 2006 , GDP 5% o 2011.6 15 , Erdenet(,), Tomortei(), Nariin Sukhait(), Boroo(), Baganuur(), Shivee Ovoo() , , o , 50% , 34% o , 10% o 2009.10 , Ivanhoe() - 10,000 , GDP 80% 40 4 10 89. - 92 - o : O/T 550km, 80km () o : 1990 (2,540) (1,028) o : 2001 Ivanhoe() , 2003 , 2009 (O/T LLC , Ivanhoe 66%, (Erdenes MGL) 34% ) Ivanhoe Rio Tinto() o , - , - IPO o : o : , o : 12( 65%) o : 15/ o : ( 30 ) o : 60( ) 90. - 93 - 15 TavanTolgoi Umnugobi(Tsogttsetsii) 65 OyuTolgoi , Umnugobi(Khanbogd) 27 ( 2,540/ 1,028) Tomortei Selenge(Khuder) 22,930 ( 51.2% ) Boroo Selenge(Bayangol) 24,500 (1 1.6g ) Dornod Dornod(Dashbalbar) 28,868 ( 0.175% ) Nariin Sukhait Umnugobi(Gurvantes) 1 2,550 Baganuur Ulaanbaatar(Baganuur) 6 Shivee Ovoo Gobisumber(ShiveeGobi) 64,620 Tsagaan Suvarga , Dornogobi(Mandah) 1,064 ( 0.42%, 0.011% ) Erdenet , Orkhon(Bayan-Ondor) 12 ( 0.51%, 0.012% ) Mardai Dornod(Dashbalbar) 1,104 ( 0.119% ) Gurvan Bulag Dornod(Dashbalbar0 16,073 ( 0.152% ) Buren Khaan Khubsugul(Sukhbaatar) 19,224 ( 21.2% ) Tomortein Ovoo Sukhbaatar(Sukhbaatar) 77,000 ( 11.5% ) Asgat Bayan-Ulgii(Nogoonnuur) 64,000 (1 351.08g ) 91. - 94 - , o , , - o , - 2010.6 1 (-- ) , o , - 2015 1 GDP 5,000 / 2021 1 GDP 12,000 92. - 95 - o - 2007-2015 - 2016-2021 2007-2015 2016-2021 14%, 1 GDP 5,000 , 12%, 1 GDP 12,000 , , , 2015 12 2021 100% 2010 60% , (HDI) 0.8 , GDP 4 , , , 2015 50% , 2021 , , , , 100 , , , 2-3 , 1 , 70% 60% , , , 2000 5 2/3, 3/4 72 , () () , 95% 93. - 96 - () 1 : 1 44, 33 45 4,000 2 2,000 1,500 800 3 20 (cathode copper) 1,000 4 200 , 1,000 5 , 700 6 900 7 , , DME 1,000 8 , 800 2 : 9 5 , 2 8 150 10 25,000ha 80,000-87,000 50 11 , 50 12 400 3 : 13 400MW 400 14 720km 800 15 2,500/sec , , 540 16 1,000kg 100 17 212km , , 350km 900 18 ; ; 4,500km (, , ) 1,200 19 (- -) 990km 20m 1,200 20 5 (300MW) (700Gcal) 300 21 10 ( 75,000, 25,000) 2,100 22 200 4 : 23 ICT 100 24 25,000 -- -- 300 25 13 3,000-5,000 500 26 , , 200 94. - 97 - 3 . . o 2008 , - 2010 35 24, 24 34 o 2010 19 , 10 < : > 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 () 127.8 109.6 209.8 388.1 355 () 109.1 114.5 134.8 151.2 197.9 () 70.4 76.4 78.6 78 82.2 2010.6 2010 o GDP 20% 80% - 2009 () 2010 25.7%(12) 95. - 98 - < : , : > 2007 2008 2009 2010 16,990 18,362 19,274 14,480 18,347 19,969 19,651 13,883 2,425 2,503 2,599 2,176 2,239 2,186 2,221 1,920 260 2,66 277 269 40,263 43,288 44,023 32,700 o 2010 - 2011.6 < : , : > 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (1,1Kg) 405 493 783 726 798 (1kg) 529 558 890 954 1,058 (1kg) 681 722 1,133 1,373 1,702 (1kg) 2,273 2,642 3,371 2,860 4,490 (1kg) 2,500 2,851 3,674 3,309 4,731 96. - 99 - o - o 2010 CIS , , o 2011.6 , ( ) - 2011.6 o , < : , : > 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 102.2 92.8 171.3 114.7 66.1 105.6 112.3 132.9 105.7 83.0 26.3 36.7 42.9 26.3 38.0 19.1 28.4 27.9 19.0 25.9 35.6 30.2 35.4 23.2 8.5 , 4.3 1.9 14.4 11.2 14.5 o 2008 1, 2009 17, 2010 26 97. - 100 - - 2010 16 , , , 9 , 1 o , , o - 2010 7 o o , . . o 38.2%, 64.0%, 80.8% - 10 1,750, 5,500 , 63,000 - 2006 28,520 (71 3,000) 4% 10 - 80 , , , , , , , , , 98. - 101 - , ( : ) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 17.3 18.0 30.0 29.5 28.2 30.3 38.2 64.7 65.5 68.4 67.8 64.3 65.5 64.0 70.8 75.8 76.0 78.8 80.7 88.2 80.8 (: FIFTA, Mongolian Investment Seeking Projects, 2011) o , - 2010 , , - 2010 74.8%, 40.7% 132%, 16.7% 2007 2008 2009 2010 () 9,237 10,071 14,442 25,246 (1,750) 4 () 371.9 362.3 370.9 522.0 (5,500) 2 0.8% 30.8% () 4.2 4.0 5.1 4.3 (3) 11 9 () 131.8 142.9 115.3 140.7 (1,200) 3 3 () 850 1,174 1,870 2,181 45 () 265 1,387 1,379 3,203 15 (kg) 17,473 15,184 9,803 6,037 7.1% 3,000 - , , , , , 2010 , , , 4 83% , 99. - 102 - 2009 2010 () () () 11 335,909 5.1 178,319 () 587 501,846 568 770,594 () 6.7 50,308 4.8 51,992 () 147 29,660 376.2 63,195 () 1,576 86,675 3,593 250,942 () 151 122,494 120 134,135 , () 2,321 11,850 2,800 20,357 () 656 140 1,014 314 () 7,087 305,142 16,635 877,610 () 1,919 114,278 2,078 154,937 (: Ministry of Resources and Energy of Mongolia) . . o 2010 3,500 - 3,260 , 240 - < : , : 10 > 2007 2008 2009 2010 364 479 374 326 25 29 44 24 389 508 418 350 o 2010 26.6%, 28.8%, 33.5%, 11.1% , 91.8%, 8.2% 100. - 103 - < : > 2007(%) 2008(%) 2009(%) 2010(%) 26.8 29.9 35.9 26.6 15.3 17.4 24.7 28.8 41.9 38.8 26.8 33.5 15.9 13.9 12.6 11.1 100 100 100 100 o 2004-2008 4 37 , 10 10 o : 2012-2018 o : o : (75) (25) 10 - , , , o : 8 6 . . o , (1,100km) ( 477km, 239km) ( : 1,816km) - 1949 50% (UBTZ) o 2010.6 , , 2010.11 1 (-) (MTZ) - (MTZ) 1 101. - 104 - 2011 EPC(, , ) 1 , . . o , 80% (79.8%), (4.4%), (2.65%), (0.35%), (12.8%) o (CES), (EES), (WES) - CES 786.3MW , , CES 2, 3, 4, , 5 - EES 36MW - WES 6MW o 2015 310MW, 2020 499MW - CES , 1,300MW (450MW), (600MW), (80MW), (170MW) o 5 2011 - 1 450MW , 2 3 300-450MW - (450MW), (600MW) , 102. - 105 - 2012-2015 / 5 450MW 688.7 2011/2015 () 100MW 150 2012/2015 Mogoin gol 60MW 110 2011/2013 - 110kV/98km 5 2011/2012 - 220kV/280km N/A 2012/2013 - 220kV/270km 100 2012/2015 - 220kV/200km 2010/2012 o , - 2015 1 - 2035 59% , 33% , 6% , 2% RosAtom Dornod Uranium MOU (2008), 1 3USD (2010) -Areva , MOU (2009), - MOU (2010) - , , MOU (2009), - , MOU (2010) MOU (2010), , MOU (2009) 2009 - - , - MOU (2011) 103. - 106 - o , - 1990 , - 70% 700MW . . o 95% (Commercial Bank) - 14 3 Khan , Golomt , TDB 70%, 68.5% < : , 2010 3/4, : > Khan 1,068 27.4 580 27.5 890 31.4 Golomt 970 24.9 515 24.5 821 29.0 TDB 704 18.0 347 16.5 548 19.4 Khas 298 7.6 216 10.3 120 4.3 Savings 292 7.5 151 7.2 187 6.6 Ulaanbaatar 159 4.1 91 4.3 61 2.2 State 136 3.5 29 1.4 88 3.1 Capitron 82 2.1 54 2.6 40 1.4 Chinggis Khan 80 2.1 73 3.5 12 0.4 Capital 63 1.6 34 1.6 43 1.5 17 0.4 7 0.4 11 0.4 Erel 11 0.3 2 0.1 3 0.1 Trans 9 0.2 2 0.1 3 0.1 Credit 7 0.2 0 0 0.3 0 3,904 100 2,106 100 2,833 100 104. - 107 - o 2009 Anod , Zoos Post State - 2010 - 2010 , , o 2009.11 24.6% , 2011.3 13% - 2011.3 2,040 (2010) < : World Bank> (%) (%) 4 28.2 13 22.2 14 22.0 11 23.7 18 10.5 40 6.7 100 100 o - 2011.3 , 23 70% o 3-4, 1 - 105. - 108 - , (1 13% ) - ( ) MCS, MAK, Just Group, Bodi Group 2011.1.18 MOU , , , (10 ) 1 Tavan tolgoi 348 700,000 526,652 246 1966 1995 2 APU / 245 2,850 74,287,700 3,190 1924 1992 3 Baganuur 243 16,000 20,287,700 4,738 1978 1994 4 Shivee Ovoo 235 24,100 13,419,101 1,425 1990 1994 5 Mongolian Telecom 100 2,700 25,870,276 4,098 1991 1996 6 Sharyn Gol 94 14,050 7,231,389 624 1965 1994 7 Aduunchuluun 49 9,050 3,151,304 788 1954 1995 8 Gobi 48 6,100 7,801,125 17,297 1981 1993 9 BD Sec 28 2,500 11,000,000 214 1991 2006 10 Khukh Gan 19 190 101,317,557 666 2007 1995 11 Mongolia Development Resourece 17 1,850 13,750,000 206 2007 2007 12 State Department Store 16 410 36,807,850 49,616 1921 1998 13 Mogoin Gol 12 44,000 829,622 853 1971 1994 14 Jenco Tour Buro 11 90 100,000,000 53,163 2006 2006 15 Makh Impex 10 2,350 3,800,721 9,886 1946 1992 16 Bayangol Hotel 10 31,500 423,065 1,203 1964 1992 17 Ulaanbaatar Hotel 9 41,000 335,297 710 1959 1992 18 Remicon 9 119 78,679,464 772 2008 2008 19 Eermel 9 2,300 3,479,320 8,086 1981 1992 20 Darkhan Nekhii 6 6,100 1,105,479 4,101 1967 1992 Tavan tolgoi IPO Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi 106. - 109 - ( : ) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 55.7 131.2 717.6 515.9 620.7 1447.2 o 2010 1, 2 107. - 110 - 100 (2011.4 ) 1 Erdenet 51 Khutul 2 MCS Group 52 Mongolian Telecom 3 "Mongolian Gold" MAK 53 Shivee ovoo 4 Energy Resource 54 Tsakhiur 5 APU 55 Gobi 6 NIK 56 Tanan impex 7 Mobicom Group 57 8 Boroo gold 58 Newprogress 9 Tavantolgoi 59 Bayangol Hotel 10 Just Group 60 TBD Anduud 11 Petrovis 61 Mera 12 Magnai Trade 62 Darkhan Selenge 13 Sodmongol Group 63 14 Monnis International 64 Erdenet carpet 15 Nomin Holding 65 Altai Holding 16 Wagner Asia 66 Woltam 17 Shunkhlai Group 67 Monpolimet 18 Tsairt Mineral 68 Bridge Group 19 Tavanbogd Group 69 Blast 20 4 70 Bishrelt Holding 21 Monpetex 71 Altan Joloo Group 22 Baganuur 72 Teso 23 Khurd Group 73 A Jet Limited 24 74 Monmaslo 25 Vitafit Group 75 Uguuj 26 Mongol tamhi so 76 MTS 27 Darkhan 77 Tuushin 28 Ochir Undraa 78 Shariin gol 29 A and R Mongolia 79 Biocombinat 30 Skytel 80 Tavantolgoi Trans 31 Erdenet Bulgan 81 Munkhiin useg 32 Mongolrostsevetmet 82 33 Unitel 83 MKI 34 BSB service 84 Technic Import 35 Bimex Holding 85 Erdenet 36 Gachuurt 86 Tsast impex 37 3 87 Cosmo Trade 38 Naran Group 88 Circle 39 Monos Group 89 Material Impex 40 Mongolian Star Melchers 90 Sansar cabel 41 MAKS Group 91 Namir Invest 42 Khasu Megawatt 92 Bosa Group 43 Darkhan 93 Global Bridge 44 94 Darkhan 45 Khanbogd Cashmier 95 Casstown 46 Erdmin 96 Tenger 47 Oriflame 97 Ochir tuv 48 UFC Group 98 Monroad 49 Bodi automotive 99 Uyeg 50 Hera Holding 100 Gangar Invest 108. - 111 - . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 109. - 113 - 1 3 o 3 - - , , o 1990.3.26 , o , - UN , o - - 2010.3 , 2010.11 , o , , , 3 3 110. - 114 - o 2005.12 o 2006. 5 o 2007. 5 o 2008. 7 15 o 2009. 5 2 20 o win-win - , - , 111. - 115 - 2 1991.10 o 1999.5 o , 21 2001.2 o 2006.5 o 2007.5, 2008.2 2008.10 o 20 2011.3 o , , 112. - 116 - 3 . . o 1990. 3.26 o 1990. 6. 9 o 1990. 6.18 o 1991. 2. 1 o 1992. 7. 6 2 o 1994. 9.15 3 o 1997. 5.13 4 o 1999. 9.17 5 o 2002. 9.10 6 o 2004. 9.28 7 o 2006. 3.13 8 o 2009. 3.16 9 . . o 1991. 3.28 (1991.4.30 ) o 1991. 3.28 (1991.4.20 ) o 1991. 3.28 (1991.4.30 ) o 1991. 3.28 (1991.4.30 ) o 1991.10.23 (1991.11.28 ) 113. - 117 - o 1991.10.23 , (1991.12.22 ) o 1992. 4.17 (1993.6.6 ) o 1993. 7. 9 (EDCF) o 1993. 7.28 (1993.8.27 ) o 1996.12. 6 (EDCF) ( , ) o 1997. 3.18 (EDCF) o 1999. 5.31 , (00.1.27 ) o 1999. 5.31 o 1999.11. 8 o 1999.11. 8 o 2003.11.24 (2004.4.30 ) o 2005. 8.17 (EDCF) () o 2006. 6 (2007.3.1 ) o 2007. 5 (2008.8.23 ) o 2007. 5 (EDCF) ( , ) o 2008.10 () o 2009. 3 114. - 118 - . . o 1999. 5 o 1999. 7 o 2001. 6 o 2003. 9 o 2005. 9 o 2006. 5 o 2007. 7 o 2008. 7 o 2008. 9 o 1991.10 o 1999.10 o 1999.10 o 2001. 2 o 2003.11 o 2005. 3 o 2006. 2 o 2007. 5 o 2008. 2 o 2008.10 o 2010. 2 o 2011. 3 o : o : o : o : o : o : o : o : o : 115. - 119 - 4 . . o 1990 271 2010 2.3 , 4 ( : ) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 75,320 71,726 83,000 169,700 194,595 166,887 191,631 4,594 4,733 21,000 20,700 29,892 21,479 38,839 : , : o 2010 2.55 (24.6), (4) 3 - 1,973 KT (450) o 1 10 , 2010.12 SK , Skytel, Unitel . . o ( , ), , 10 , , , 116. - 120 - o - o 2000 , 2009 KOICA 27ha - 200ha (400) o , o 2010 3( 36%) (E-9 ) 1 - , 3 - , o 2006.5 , - NGO 117. - 121 - : 2007-2016(10) : 950 : (- ) : , , , POSCO : : 2010 - (KORES ) - ( MCS ) - DME () KT : : 1995 - (MT) 40%(450) (2 ) - , (ADSL), CDMA-WLL, CATV (54.7%) : () : 1993 - ( 6) ( 5-7) - ( 3) LG : : 2007 - (KORES ) - 118. - 122 - : , , : 2008 - ( ) - ( 450) ( 160 ) - (1.5ha) ( 50) : () : 2003 - ( ) (KOICA ) : : 1994 - UB ( 40 ) : : 1999 - 5, 2 SKY Tel(), SKY Resort() , (2010) .. (ODA) (ODA) EDCF o 1992 2011.7 (1) (2) (4) (1) 7, 6 ( 6) 119. - 123 - 1 1992. 8 4,123 5.20 4,048 2 1996. 1 6,290 8.00 6,290 3 1999.10 6,983 5.30 6,959 4 1999.10 18,561 14.30 17,608 5 1999.11 934 0.87 934 - * 2004. 7 - - - 6 2006.10 17,327 12.80 17,324 7 2006.10 18,469 13.50 18,363 7, 6 72,687 59.97 71 - * Choir-Sainshand 176km (2,390, ) KOICA o KOICA 1991-2007 27 , 2008 1,000 2008 2009 2010 2011 () 1,158 1,974 1,507 2,025 , 2011 o 2011 ( ) ( : ) 460 2010-2011 310 2010-2012 400 2011-2013 120. - 124 - ( : ) 1:1000 230 2010-2011 270 2011-2012 ( : ) 400 2011-2013 500 2010-2013 ( : ) Yarmag 2,260 2010-2013 500 2009-2011 350 2009-2011 300 2010-2013 150 2009-2012 o 2011 : 13 1,656 : 120 , , , , , : 100(, , ) , , , , , , , , : 4(, , , ) NGO : 7 7 65 , 121. - 125 - 5 . . o 4 o , , 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 13,347 16,861 25,918 31,227 32,246 38,959 43,751 39,766 41,625 8,840 12,111 17,290 22,626 32,580 39,860 43,113 38,192 41,889 ( : ) . . o 3,000 (2010.12 ) , 2,238 - 3 o , , , , ( ) : , 122. - 126 - , MIU MK School , (, , ) ( ) , KOICA( 100), , (, POSCO, , LG ) o 1 , 2-3 - 2006 (, ) o 2010.12 3 36.4% - , , (2010.12 ) 29,920 19,037(63.6%) 10,883(36.4%) 123. - 127 - . . 1993 : : 2010 2,238 ( ) , , , , 1997 : : 150 1992 : 250 2 2005 : 36 124. - 128 - 6 . . o 1990.3 , - ( 70) - TV - , o 2010 20 2010 , 2011 125. - 129 - 2010 () 3 (3.24) (3.26) ILOFT(3.26) 4 (4.24-25) () (4.23) () 5 (5.9-15) 6 (6.9-7.5) (6.19-20) / (6.20-26) (6.24) Fashion Art Exhibition (6.25-7.4) (6.17-30) (6.19) (6.22-7.1) (6.11) (6.2-3) 10 (6.24-25) 7 (7.11-12) (7.21-8.4) 8 , (8.13-14) 10 / () (10.8) , (10.22) 11 UB Palace(11.29) 126. - 130 - 2011 2011. 2 KBS 2011. 3.25 - - (3.23-26, ) 2011. 3 2011. 4 2011. 5-6 10 - - - - - - 2011. 5 - 2011. 6 2011. 6 20km 2011. 6 2011. 7 2011. 8 2011. 9 3 2011. 10 ? 20 11 , 127. - 131 - . . o 1990.3 - ( 3,900) o 1991 o 1992 ( ), o 1993 : o 1998 o 2000 o 2001 , o 2002 o 2004 () o 2011.3 , 2011.3 11 1,487 ( : 511, : 976) - ( : 150), (MIU) , - NGO , , - : 13 , 6,000 - : 5,000-6,000(33), 4,000(44) - : 4,000, 3,000 128. - 132 - () (2011.3) 1 2 3 4 5 20 45 25 10 - 100 25 26 28 25 - 104 - 36 30 22 33 - 121 - 29 31 - - - 60 26 2 - - - 28 /- - 18 28 26 72 /- 23 35 16 22 7 103 - 10 11 6 - 27 6 159 179 120 124 33 615 16 20 18 22 77 , 19 24 39 16 98 - 27 18 28 23 96 - 27 22 22 13 84 - 12 22 36 21 91 -- 12 5 10 - 27 - 12 8 6 13 39 - 11 6 - - 19 - 18 10 10 12 51 - 19 15 48 23 105 - 26 30 21 22 99 - 26 19 20 55 139 101 65 61 366 - - - - 6 6 - 17 11 5 33 - 42 37 26 42 147 14 406 354 340 299 1,399 20 565 533 460 423 33 2,014 6 (, , , , , ) 783 () 1,900 129. - 133 - (2011.3) / 1 10 50 2 18 38 3 23 417 4 50 38 5 68 18 6 77 30 7 60 8 180 9 411 10 200 11 45 1,487 1-12 1 3-5 o : - 4 , o : - 1, o : - 2, o MK School MK School( ) 130. - 134 - - (23), (143) : 72, 24, 6, 41 ( ) - (10), (55) : 10, 40, 2, 3 ( ) - : 340 - : 215 - () : 158( 101, 41, 16) . . o 2011.3 70 80% - , , , , - o TV , 2011 (46.1%), (40.5%), (32.9%) - , . . o , - , , , - MAGIKO( ) 131. - 135 - (2010.4., :) 581 181 50 43 1 856 935 109 53 16 20 1,133 97 42 54 1 12 206 1,613(73.49%) 332(15.12%) 157(7.15%) 60(2.73%) 33(1.50%) 2,195 1,066 , 3( 4%) (2010.4., :) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 208 356 510 809 1,309 2,022 2,724 3,333 o 2010 , ( 1,942) 7.9% 3 - 5,560, (3.1%, 171) (36.6%, 2,034), (22.3%, 1,240), (11.1%, 616), (10.7%, 594), (268) 6 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2 9 23 8 10 4 2 5 65 7 20 12 4 14 88 15 20 16 132. - 136 - . . o - : - : , - : , , , o - : E.Munch-Ochir - : Kh.Badamsuren , B.Batbayar - 76 32( ) o 2009.9 1 - ( : 50) - - : / : Ganzorig MT o 2003.12 - : - , - 2009.8 o 2009.2.2 133. - 137 - - , - ( ), ( ) o : P. Ganbaatar - 1991 134. - 139 - . 1. 2. 3. 4. 135. - 141 - 1 . . , o 3,452km, 4,710km 8,162km o 2,394km, 1,259km 1,600m o : o : (4,366m) o : (522m) o , (Gobi, ) : 40% , , 1,358 2.2, 47 55, 106 53 o , , , , 136. - 142 - . . o , ( 350mm) o (10-4), o - 1 -24.3( -48), 7 16.6( 39) o 5-6 , 137. - 143 - 2 . . o 5 (, , , , ) o o o , 20 - , , , , o , , , , , , , , , . . o khoomii(throat singing) , , Tuva() 138. - 144 - o urtyn duu(long songs) o morin khuur (horse fiddle, ) , 1 < > morin khuur (horse fiddle, ) . ( .) . . . , . morin khuur() . 139. - 145 - Tsam Tsam o Tsam 8 , Tsam dance movement o o Tsam o , , , , , o , (thangka) , o , 1990 Purevbat () o 20 140. - 146 - o Ger() 1 , - , o o , 1990 o 2000 , , The Story of Weeping Camel( ) Byambasuren Davaa( ) (Naadam) o (play rest ) 1921.7.11 , 7.11-13 - 7 , o , 141. - 147 - o o o (, , ) , , , . . o Ger() o 142. - 148 - o - , - - - , , o 1960 , 60% , 40% 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. o , , o ( 2-3 ) , (Suteychai: ) o 143. - 149 - - : , - : - : , o (Del) (Malgai), (Gutal) 144. - 150 - o 13 ( ) 90% , 5% , 2% , o , 20 1 , 1924 , 1937 (700 ) 70 o 1990 160 2~3 () , o (Gangdan Monastery) , 100 o 16 , o o 145. - 151 - - , o John Gibbens , - 2010 4 2009.7 180 ( ) 90 , 60 o - - , - , - - - - - o - - - - , ( ) - , , - - 146. - 152 - o 1920 () o 1990 o , 20% Borjigan( ) , , , . . (2007-2021) o , I o - , - II o , - , 147. - 153 - - - , - - , , , , . . o 1930 o 1941 o 1946 o 1990 , o 2011.7.1 148. - 154 - 3 . . 3 o (2-5), (6-14), (15-17), (18) : 12(2008.9.1 ) o () : 9 o : 3 , 1 12 , 1 , 2 . . o 73 1/4 - 90% , (2011.3) 751 512,213 63 44,681 113 170,126 927 727,020 , 149. - 155 - o - 2010.10 5,000-10,000 5 2010-2021 . . (2011.6) () 1940.12. 6 S.Tumur-Ochir 13,758 1969. 9.20 B.Damdinsuren 23,569 1942.12. 8 Ts.Lkhagvasuren 6,331 - 1958. 4.15 B.Byamba 8,893 1951. 8. 9 B.Jadambaa 10,731 1996. 8.10 D.Batjargal 3,165 - 1990. 6. 8 L.Bumandorj 1,258 - 1991. 7.18 Z.Boldbaatar 2,333 - 1979.11.16 B.Chuluundorj 3,398 1992. 2.29 S.Baigalsaikhan 2,376 . . (2011.6) () 1995. 4.18 2,230 , 2002. 4. 4 884 (MIU) 2002. 4. 4 369 2004. 9.22 64 150. - 156 - o - 1942.10.5 , , 3 150 (91 ) - : S. Tumur-Ochir - : 630, 13,758 - : 350,000 o : (4), (1.5-2), (3) o - : , , , , , , , , , , - : , , , - : ( ), ( ) o - : 6( 2, 4) - : 110, 17(2011.3) 151. - 157 - 4 . . o 278(2011.3) ( 65) ( 32) - TV - o 2011.3.1 , TV 50% , . . o ( ) - Udriin Sonin(20,000/, ) - Unuudur(12,000/, ) - Zuunii Medee(10,000/, ) : - Mongoliin Medee(5,000/1, ) o - MONTSAME(Mongoliin Tsahilgaan Medeenii Agency, 1957 , ) - Unuuduriin Mongol - Unen( ) - Niigmiin Toli 152. - 158 - o - Business Times() - Mongol Messenger() - UB Post( 2, 2,000/1, ) - Ulaanbaatar Times() - Zindaa - Soyombo - Humuus - Seruuleg - Weekend o - Turiin Medeelel( ) - Eruul Mend() - SHUA Medee( ) . . o MNB : , 2005 o UBS : o CHANNEL 25 : o TV 5 : o TV 9 : , o EAGLE TV : , 153. - 159 - o C1 TV : o TV 8 : o NTV : o TM : o SBN TV : o BTV : o EDU TV : , o ( KBS World, , YTN ) FM , 154. - 161 - . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ulaanbaatar 6. Ulaanbaatar 7. 8. 9. 10. 155. - 163 - 1 o (Tsakhia ELBEGDORJ) o 1963. 3.30 () o 1988 o 2002 o 1988-1990 Ulaan Od o 1989-1997 o 1990-2000 o 1994-1996 NSC , o 1996-1998 o 1998 o 1996-2000 o 1994- o 2000- o 2002-2008 o 2004-2006 o 2008. 9- o 2009. 5- o , o 4 1 o 1992 o 1996 o 1999 o 2000 156. - 164 - o (Damdin DEMBEREL) o 1941. 4.15 () o 1960 o 1964 o 1977 o 1964-1968 o 1968-1970 o 1970-1972 1 o 1977-1990 o 1990-1992 1 o 1992-1996 o 1992-1994 o 1996-2000 o 2000-2004 o 2004-2008 o 2007-2008 o 2008. 8 (5), o , o (6.18) o 2010. 2 157. - 165 - o (Sukhbaatar BATBOLD) o 1963. 6.24 o 1986 o 1991 o 2002 o 1986-1992 o 1992-2000 Altai Trading o 2000-2004 o 2004-2006 o 2004 o 2008-2009 o 2009.11 o , , o 4 1 o 3 - 2008.10 - 2009. 4 - 2011. 3 o : - 158. - 166 - o (Norov ALTANKHUYAG) o 1958 () o 1981 o 1984 o 1993 o 1981-1990 o 1990-1992 o 1993-1994 Ene udur o 1994-1996 o 1996-2000 o 1998-1999 o 2001-2003 o 2003-2004 Altangadas NGO , Altan gadas o 2004. 8-9 o 2004-2006 o 2008.8.30 o , o 3 159. - 167 - o (Miyagombo ENKHBOLD) o 1964. 7.19 o 1987 o 1987-1989 o 1989-1991 o 1991-1992 o 1992-1996 o 1996-1998 o 1997-2005 o 1999-2005 o 2005-2007 o 2005 o 2006-2007 o 2007-2008 o 2008. 9 o o 2 o 1999 o 2005 o 2005 o 2006 800 160. - 168 - o (Gombojav ZANDANSHATAR) o 1970. 3. 8 () o 1987 77 o 1992 o 1998 o 1999 First State Bank of Mexico o 2003-2004 o 1991-1992 o 1992-1995 o 1995-1998 , o 1998 o 2000-2003 Khan bank o 2003-2004 o 2004- o 2009.11 o , o 2 o 2008.10 Bayar o 2009.10 o 2011. 3 161. - 169 - o (Sangajav BAYARTSOGT) o 1967 () o 1984-1989 Lomonosov o 1994-1996 - o 2000-2003 o 2001-2002 ( ) o 2002 IMF , o 1990-1991 o 1990-1992 , o 1991-1997 o 1992-1994 o 1996-2000 o 1996-1999 o 1998 o 2000-2004 Tovkhon khan o 2002 IMF o 2004-2008 o 2004-2006 o 2008 o 2008. 9 o , , 162. - 170 - o (Tsend NYAMDORJ) o 1956. 8.10 () o 1981 o 1981-1988 o 1988-1990 1 o 1990 o 1990-1992 o 1992 o 2000-2005 o 2005-2007 o 2008. 9 o o 2 o 2001 o 2001 80 o 2006 800 o 2011. 4 163. - 171 - o (Luimed GANSUKH) o 1963. 2. 3 () o 1985 () o 1985-1988 o 1988-1994 o 1994-1998 Uguuj impex o 1998-2000 o 2000-2003 o 2003-2004 o 2004 o 2006-2008 o 2008. 9 o , o 3 o 2006 o 2006 800 o 164. - 172 - o (Luvsanvandan Bold) o 1961.11. 4 o 1983 o 1983-1984 o 1984-1989 o 1984-1990 o 1990-1992 o 1992-1993 o 1993-1996 Gobi International o 1996-2000 o 2000-2004 Golomt o 2004-2008 o 2008. 8 o 2008. 9 o , , , o 2 o 2005 o 2005 165. - 173 - o (Yondon OTGONBAYAR) o 1965 o 1983-1989 o 1994-1995 o 2002-2005 o 1989-1991 1 o 1991-1996 2 o 1996-1997 o 1997-2000 Bayangol ZB o 2000-2001 1 o 2000-2004 o 2004-2008 o 2006-2007 o 2008. 9 o , , 166. - 174 - o (Khaltmaa BATTULGA) o 1963. 3. 3 o 1978 34 o 1982 o 1979-1990 o 1982-1990 o 1990-2004 Jenko o 1997-2004 Bayangol hotel o 1999-2004 Makh Impex o 2004 o 2008. 9 o , o 4 o 1995 o 2006 800 167. - 175 - o (Tugsjargal GANDI) o 1961 o 1978 o 1986-1988 o 1992-1996 o 1997-2002 o 2005 , , o 1982-1983 o 1983-1985 o 1985-1990 Ulaan od o 1990-1992 Ardiin erh o 1992 o 2000-2004 o 2002 o 2004 o 2004 o 2004-2006 o 2006 , , , o 2007 o 2008. 9 o , 168. - 176 - o (Tunjin BADAMJUNAI) o 1956 () o 1975 o 1982 (-) o 1978-1981 o 1981-1985 o 1985-1987 o 1987-1988 o 1988-1989 o 1989-1996 o 1996-2000 Merkuri o 2000-2004 o 2004-2008 o 2008. 9 o , 169. - 177 - o (Dashdorj ZORIGT) o 1971 o 1988-1994 o 1996-1998 o 2002-2003 , o 1994-2004 1 o 2004 o 2004-2007 o 2007 Erdenes MGL o 2008. 9 o 2009.10 o , 170. - 178 - o (Sambuu LAMBAA) o 1950. 1. 3 () o 1976 , o 1976-1980 o 1980-1984 o 1984-1987 o 1988-1990 o 1996-2000 o 1998-1999 o 2000-2003 o 2004-2006 o 2006-2008 o 2007-2008 Millennium Challenge Project o 2008 o , o 1981 60 o 1988 o 1991 70 o 1994 o 1999 , o 2001 80 o 2004 o 2005 o 2006 800 o 2006 171. - 179 - o (Chimed KHURELBAATAR) o 1968. 3. 8 () o 1986 Ulaangom o 1991 Leningrad o 1991-1992 o 1992-1995 o 1998-2000 o 2000-2003 o 2003-2007 o 2007-2008 o 2008- o 2009.11 o , o 2 o 2005 o 2006 o 2006 Altan gadas 172. - 180 - 2 (28) o : , , , , , , , , , , o : , , o : , , , , , , , , ,, , , , o : (2) o , (7) o : Irkutsk, Ulaan-Ude, Kyzyl o : Huh Hot, Hong Kong o : San Fransisco o : Osaka (1) o Erlian() (22) o : , , , , , , , o : , , o : , , , , , , , , , , (2) o : , (9) o UNDP, WHO, UNICEF, IMF, World Bank, UNFPA, ADB, EBRD, 173. - 181 - 3 . . Ulaanbaatar() . (Aimag :. (Aimag : ) : 21) : 21 315 (Som : ) (Bag : ) (2010 ) () ( : ) Ulaanbaatar() Arhangai() Bayanhongor() Bayan-Olgii(-) Bulgan() Dornod() Dornogovi() Dundgovi() Govi-altai(-) Hentii() Hovd() Hovsgol() Omnogovi() Ovorhangai() Selenge() Sukhbaatar() Tov() Uvs() Zavhan() Darkhan-Uul() Orkhon() Govi Sumber( ) 1639 1923 1941 1940 1938 1931 1931 1942 1931 1923 1931 1931 1931 1931 1931 1941 1923 1931 1923 1994 1994 1994 1.35 55 116 46 49 123 115 78 142.2 82 76 101 165 63.5 42.8 82 81 69.3 82.2 3.3 0.8 0.3 1,240.0 84.5 76.0 88.0 53.6 69.5 58.6 38.8 53.5 65.8 76.8 147.9 61.3 101.3 97.5 51.3 85.1 73.3 65.4 94.6 90.7 13.2 Ulaanbaatar() Tsetserleg() Bayanhongor() Olgii() Bulgan() Choibalsan() Sainshand() Mandalgovi() Altai() Ondorhaan() Khovd() Muron() Dalanzadgad() Arvaiheer() Suhbaatar() Baruun Urt( ) Zuun Mod( ) Ulaangom() Uliastai() Darkhan() Erdenet() Choir() 174. - 182 - . (Aimag, ). (Aimag, ) : Hentii Aimag () Sukhbaatar Aimag () Dornod Aimag () 1923 1941 1931 ( ) (331km) (560km) (656km) 82,000 81,500 123,500 19 12 14 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ( ) , , , , , , , , , : 3 . , . : . , , , , . 1962 : , : . , : , : 175. - 183 - : Dornogobi Aimag () Dundgobi Aimag () Umnugobi Aimag () 1931 1942 1931 ( ) (463km) (260km) (553km) 115,200 78,000 165,000 13 15 14 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : H2 , CO4 , , : 6 . : 1,751m : , , : : 180km , . : : 176. - 184 - : Bulgan Aimag () Selenge Aimag () Hovsgol Aimag () 1938 1931 1931 ( ) (320km) (311km) (671km) 49,000 43,000 101,000 15 16 21 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : 500-600m, 50-60m , : 2 , : , 1,024km . : 2,620, 134km, 39km, 46. : , . , 177. - 185 - Uvs Aimag () Hovd Aimag () Bayan-ulgii Aimag (-) 1931 1931 1940 ( ) (1,336km) (1,425km) (1,768km) 69,000 76,000 45,800 19 16 13 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : . : : : 15,000 . : , : 185 : : 178. - 186 - 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (mm) 1.5 2.0 3.5 8.2 10.9 46.1 59.8 56.4 28.2 7.5 3.6 2.7 230.5 () 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ulaanbaatar () -24.3 -20.2 -9.9 0.2 8.8 14.5 16.6 14.5 7.2 -1.4 -13.4 -21.8 -2.4 Arhangai () -14.9 -13.6 -6.9 1.1 8.7 13.1 14.3 12.8 7.6 0.3 -7.6 -12.9 0.2 Bayanhongor () -18.3 -16.2 -8.2 0.9 9.6 14.9 16.2 14.5 8.3 -0.3 -10.8 -16.8 -0.5 Bayan-Olgii (-) -17.2 -14.8 -6.7 1.7 9.4 14.6 16.3 14.5 8.6 0.1 -8.6 -15.1 0.2 Bulgan () -20.5 -18.2 -8.6 1.1 9.1 14.2 16.0 13.9 7.2 0.9 -10.9 -17.9 -1.3 Dornod () -20.5 -17.8 -7.9 2.6 11.3 17.7 19.9 17.8 10.7 1.6 -9.9 -17.7 0.6 Dornogovi () -17.8 -13.8 -4.3 6.0 14.5 20.4 22.8 20.8 13.6 4.4 -7.1 -15.6 3.7 Dundgovi () -17.5 -14.8 -6.6 2.7 11.2 16.8 18.7 16.9 10.3 1.7 -8.8 -15.9 1.2 Govi-Altai (-) -18.0 -16.6 -9.3 -0.5 7.2 12.5 13.0 12.3 6.4 -1.4 -10.5 -15.9 -1.7 Hentii () -23.4 -20.3 -9.4 2.4 10.6 16.0 18.7 16.2 9.3 0.3 -2.7. -21.2 -1.1 Hovd () -24.4 -20.4 -7.5 4.0 12.0 17.2 18.5 16.7 10.6 1.4 -9.8 -20.1 -0.2 Hovsgol () -22.6 -18.4 -8.1 1.5 9.7 15.2 16.2 14.4 7.9 -0.9 -11.5 -19.8 -1.4 Omnogovi () -14.9 -11.4 -3.1 6.2 14.3 19.4 21.1 19.4 13.2 4.9 -5.2 -12.7 4.3 Overhangai () -14.7 -13.2 -6.6 1.5 9.2 14.1 15.3 13.8 8.4 1.4 -7.2 -12.3 0.8 Selenge () -23.2 -19.2 -7.6 3.1 11.0 17.0 19.1 16.7 9.9 1.3 -10.5 -19.1 -0.1 Sukhbaatar () -21.5 -18.1 -8.2 3.0 11.4 17.5 19.9 17.9 10.7 1.8 -10.2 -18.7 0.5 Tov () -20.4 -18.0 -9.8 -0.2 8.3 13.7 15.6 13.7 7.4 -0.6 -11.2 -18.2 -1.7 Uvs () -32.3 -30.2 -18.5 -0.2 11.5 17.6 19.0 16.7 9.8 -0.1 -10.6 -25.9 -3.6 Zavhan () -31.9 -29.1 -18.1 -2.6 7.0 12.5 13.8 11.7 5.6 -4.0 -18.7 -28.0 -6.8 179. - 187 - 5 Ulaanbaatar . . : Ulaanbaatar( ) : 1639 o 47 55 : , , o 106 53 : , : 1,358( 2.2, ) : 1,350m : 124(2011.3) : 195/ : 9 (district) 9 : (Chinggeltei), (Sukhbaatar), (Bayanzurkh), (Bayangol), (Khan-Uul), (Songinkhairkhan), (Nalaikh), (Baganuur), (Bagakhangai) o 4 o : 242.7mm o : 69% 180. - 188 - o : 2.2 - (3-5) : 5, ( ) - (6-8) : 15 , - (9-10) : 7 - (11-2) : 20 40 , : , , , , : , , , ( ), , : (Khan Garid) ( ) .. 1778 Ikh Khuree ( ) 1911 Niislel Khuree( ) 1924 , Sukhbaatar() Ulaanbaatar() 181. - 189 - . . o , , , o ( ) - 2011.7.18 1US$ 1,234 Tg() o , o , , o 1999 , 4 o ( ), , , , , - , o - , , , o , , o 3 ( ), , ( ) - 50m 182. - 190 - o , 26 - , , , - WB PM10( ) 20, (SO2) 16, (NO2) 14 - : 50m-100m o 2010.1.20 6 , , 5 , , , , , 2010-2016 : 18 2,174 - 2010-2020 8 8,552 , 2013-2016 9 3,623 ( ) , , 5,572km , - () 40.9% - 6.8% ( 1 2,310 ) - 92.7 ( 16 8,939 ) - 0.5% o 2011.3 , , , , - : - : UB (), (), , , , , , , , 18 o - ( ), , 183. - 191 - . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 () -14.9 -24.3 -31.5 -10.3 -20.2 -28.6 -1.5 -9.9 -18.5 8.9 0.2 -8.5 17.7 8.8 -0.4 22.4 14.5 6.7 23.6 16.6 9.5 22.0 14.5 7.6 16.0 7.2 -0.3 6.4 -1.4 -9.1 -4.6 -13.4 -20.9 -13.5 -21.8 -28.1 6.0 -2.4 -10.0 (mm) 1.5 2.0 3.5 8.2 10.9 46.1 59.8 56.4 28.2 7.5 3.6 2.7 230.5 176 205 265 262 299 269 249 258 246 227 177 156 2,791 184. - 192 - 6 Ulaanbaatar . . o 50-70km 1 30 o 1 , , , . . o 1939 - 2 1945 , 185. - 193 - o o , 10 . . o (1883-1921) 1914 , - 1921 o 2000.7.7 , - , o 2007 , 2008.1 186. - 194 - , o 2010.6 o , , , . . o 75 5 , , , o 1924 , 1971 , 1992 , 2008.12 o 5 . . o 17 o 5 o o 5 187. - 195 - . . o 8 Javzandamba Khutagt( ) 1893-1903 , , 1903 20 o o 10 : , 8 Javzandamba Khutagt( ) . . o 1992 o , 2 - 5 , 3 o 188. - 196 - . . o o 1904-1908 , 19-20 . 1938 , 6 8,600 o . . o . o 1838 100 9 5,000 o 1938 , 5 - 1990 , 10 900 189. - 197 - 7 (1991.10.25) 1. 1991 10 22 10 25 . 2. , . 3. , , . . 4. , 21 . 5. , . 6. . 190. - 198 - 7. 9.17 . . 8. . . 9. 21 . , , . 10. . . 11. . 12. , , . 191. - 199 - (1999.5.31) 1. 1999 5 30 6 1 . , . 2. , . , . 3. 1990 3 1991 10 , 9 , , , 21 . 4. , 4 , . 1994 10 . 53 , . 5. 21 . (ARF) , , ARF . APEC ASEM . 192. - 200 - 6. , . , , EDCF . , . 7. 21 , , . 8. , . 9. . 10. , . , , , , , , . , , , . 11. , . . 193. - 201 - (2006.5.9) 1. 2006 5 7 10 . 2006 800 , 800 . , , . , , . 2. 1990 3 1991 10 1999 5 , . 21 , , , , , . 3. , , , , , . 4. , . 194. - 202 - , , , IT, . , , . 5. , . . 2021 , , . , . EDCF , EDCF . IT , . 6. , . 195. - 203 - 7. , , , . . IT , . , , . , . 8. . , 2000 6 , 2005 9 4 6 . , , . 2012 , ASEM . 196. - 204 - UN , , , , , , , . 9. , . , . . 2006.5.9 197. - 205 - (2011.3.24) (S.Batbold) 2011 3 23 26 . , . 1. , . - . 2. , . . 3. . (1) , , . (2) , . 198. - 206 - (FTA) . . . , . . , . , . , , . (GGGI) . (3) . , - 20 , . , , . (4) . . 199. - 207 - , . , 6 . APEC - (APTA) . , (EAS) . 2011-2013 , . , , , , innovation , , (Yarmag) KOICA , . (S.Batbold) . . 200. - 208 - 8 . ? [] ? ? [ ] . . [ ] . ? [ ] . ? [ ] . . [] . . [] . . [ ] . . [] . . [ ] 201. - 209 - . . [ ] . . [ ] . . [ ] . . [ ] . . [] . . [] , . , . [ , ] , . , . [ , ] 202. - 210 - . . [ ] . , . [ , ] , . , . [ , ] , , . [ , ] , . , . [ , ] , . , . [ , ] 203. - 211 - . , . [ , ] , . , . [ , ] , . , . [ ] ( ) . [ ] , . ( ) , . [ , ] . . [ ] 204. - 212 - 9 http://pmis.gov.mn http://www.mfat.gov.mn http://www.mof.gov.mn http://www.jurists.mn http://www.mne.mn http://mdef.pmis.gov.mn http://www.mecs.gov.mn http://www.mrtcud.gov.mn http://www.mswl.gov.mn http://www.mofa.gov.mn http://www.mmre.energy.mn http://www.moh.mn http://www.mngimmigration.mn http://www.nam.mn http://www.demparty.mn http://www.mongolembassy.com http://mng.mofat.go.kr http://www.ecustoms.mn http://www.mta.mn http://www.investmongolia.com http://www.mse.mn http://www.nso.mn http://www.mongolchamber.mn 205. - 213 - http://www.mongolnews.mn http://www.dailynews.mn UB http://www.ubpost.mn ntv http://www.ntv.mn eagle tv http://www.eagle-tv.mn ubs http://www.ubs.mn tv5 http://www.tv5.mn tv9 http://www.tv9.mn 206. - 214 - 10 1. o : (Mongolia) o : 1921.7.11 o : 1924.11.26 o : (Ulaanbaatar, 124, 2.2) o : 156.7( 7.4) o : 278(2011 3 ) o : Khalkh Mongol o : (90%), (5%) o : ( -2.9) o : 1,600m, 40% , 10% 2. o : (1992, ) - o - : Ts. Elbegdorj() - : S. Batbold() - : D. Demberel() - : G. Zandanshatar() o (2008.6.29 ) - ( , 76 45) - (1, 27) - : 4 o - : 15,000 3. (2010 ) o GDP : 59.8 o 1 GDP : 2,200 o GDP : 6.1%( 10.1%) o : 3.3% o - : 24.7 / : 24.6 o : 61.8 - : 29 / : 32.8 o : Tugrik(1US$=1,250Tg, 2011.7 ) o : , , , , , , , - 10 o : 23 4. o : 1990.3.26 - 1990.6.18 - 1991.2.1 o (2010 , ) : 2.3 - 1.9, 0.4 4 o (2010 ) : 2.5 o (2010 ) : 0.83 o EDCF (2010 ) : 0.6 o (2010) - 41,958, 41,630 o : 29,920( 36.4%) o : 3,000 5. o 1999.5 o 1999.11 o 2000.3 o 2001.8 o 2001.2 o 2001.6 o 2003.9 o 2003.11 o 2004.6 o 2006.2 o 2006.5 o 2007.5 o 2007.7 o 2008.2 o 2008.10 o 2009.9 (UN() ) o 2010.2 o 2011.3 6. o 1988.12 o 1992.1 , o 1996.6 , 75 o 1997.5 o 2000.12 ( ) o 2001.6 o 2004.9 o 2005.5.22 o 2006.1.25 o 2007.11 o 2008.6.29 o 2008.8.28 (9.19 ) o 2009.5.24 o 2009.10.29 o 2010.11