ISBN 978-616-317-141-2

,

..

.

.

( )

( )

( )

(.)

1 .

.

.

...................................... 1 ........................................................................................ . 2 ....................................................................................... 8 .................................................................................... 9 3 ................................................................... 11 ................................................................................................. 12 .............................................................. 13 .................................................................................................... 14 ............................................................. 15

1 ........................................................................................... 11.1 .................................................................................. 31.2 ........................................................................................ 151.3 .............................................................................................................. 211.4 ....................................................................................................... 241.5 .................................................................................................... 33

2 .............................................................................................. 552.1 .................................................................................................................. 562.2 ................................................................................................................ 612.3 ......................................................................................................... 632.4 ........................................................................................... 68

3 ................................................................................................. 753.1 ............................................................................................... 763.2 ................................................................................................ 893.3 .................................................................................. 1013.4 ..................................................................................... 104

2551

5 .

1

1 1 1

2 2

2 3 3

4 4

3 5 5

6 6

2

.

1

3

2

2

5 3

3

5 3

2551

3

1

2

4 .

4

.

31

5

32

1.5

1 5

1

5 - 6

6

33

7

39

8

1

1.1

1.2

2

2.1

2.2

3

3.1

3.2

4

4.1

4.2

9

5

5.1

6

6.1

7

7.1

7.2

8

8.1

10

3

11

2551

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

360 9

1. 1

1 1 60 1.5 (3 /)

2 2 60 1.5 (3 /)

2. 2

1 3 60 1.5 (3 /)

2 4 60 1.5 (3 /)

3. 3

1 5 60 1.5 (3 /)

2 6 60 1.5 (3 /)

12

13

. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. ./, ./, /

. ./, ./, /

. ./, ./, ./, ./, ./

......

()

1

-

-

-

-

-

25

2

-

-

-

-

10

3

-

-

-

-

25

14

5 3

: 3 60

5

3

1

1.

1.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

15

-

-

-

8.

9.

10

.

2.

2.1

-

-

-

-

,

1.

2.

3.

4.

2.2

2.3

2.4

16

3.

3.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

220

50

7.

8.

9.

3.2

3.3

3.4

17

10.

(B3.17

)11

.

18

1

1 - 36

21

1.1 8

1.2 3

1.3 3

1.4 4

1.5 3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

1 1

2

1 3

1.1 1.2

1.1 1.2

1.1 1.2

1.1

1.2

8

1.1

2

4

1

1

1.1

4 - 6

()

1.1

2

/

1. 1

2. 4 - 6 1

3. 2 - 3

4. 1

5. () 1

6. 1

*

1 5

1.

2. 50

1 1 50 1

3. 1.1

4.

C (C-clamp)

5.

6.

7.

-

8.

150

6

2

2

1 7

(cm)

(cm)

2 2

1 1

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

A-B

B-C

C-D

D-E

E-F

F-G

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

A-C

C-E

E-G

8

( 6

)

2

B E

B E

B E

10

B E

0

2 8 ( 1 )

250

250

350

150

B

E

A C

250

D F

250

1 9

1.1

10 /

1.5

9

9.8

10

8

(g) (m) (W)

W = mg

10

( 1 )

2

1 (

)

2

9.8 /

(m/s2)

9.81

1.63

2.93

25.3

g

1 2

v = 0

1 11

( 2 )

x

12

( x )

( x)

( x)

1 13

(

1 )

( 2 )

-

1. 2

14

2.

projectile motion

10

( 2 )

1.7

. .

ac

ac

acFcFc

Fc

1 15

2

-

-

-

-

- ()

- ()

-

-

-

-

11

1.2

12

16

1.2

1.2

-

1 17

1.2

1

2

1.

2. 1.2

3.

4.

(N)

1 2

5 5

8 8

9 9

18

2 3 4

()

()

()

1.8

-

-

1.9

1 19

2

-

-

.

. -

-

-

F1F2

F3F4

F1 F2

F3 F4

1 2

20

1.10 1.11

- 3

1 21

1.3

1.3

1.3

30 cm 250 ml

1.3

3

15

22

1.3

50

1. 1.3

2.

3.

4.

= 4.8 N

= 4.5 N

= 4.2 N

/

1. 1

2. 30 cm 1

3. 1

4. 250 ml 1

5. 1

1 23

1.

2.

1.1 1.2

16 18

(Vincent Callebant)

(Lilypad City) :

http://www.artgazine.com/shoutouts/viewtopic. php?t = 8230

24

1.4

1.4

1.15

1.4

20

3

1 25

1.4

1

/

1. 3

2. 1

3. 1

*

1.

2.

3. 1.4

4.

26

()

(N)

1 0 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.4

2 0 1.0 2.5 3.0 2.6

3 0 1.5 3.0 3.9 3.3

()

(N)

1 0 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.0

2 0 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.3

3 0 1.5 3.0 3.6 3.0

1 27

( 26)

1

1.6 ( 26 -

)

28

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

2

(static friction; fs)

(kinetic friction; fk)

1 29

30

1 31

1.17

12 15

32

1.

2.

1 33

1.

2.

3.

3

1.5

25

34

1.5

1 30

*

1.5

1.5

/

1. 1

2. 1

3. 1

3. 30 cm 1

1 35

1.

2. 1.5

3.

1. 1 = 5.0

2. = 0.15

3. = 4.9

4. = 0.15

x = (4.9 N) x (0.15 m)

= 0.74 Nm

x = (5.0 N) x (0.15 m)

= 0.75 Nm

36

(fulcrum) 1.19

(Nm)

1

1 (

5.0 ) 20 10

10.0

1.20

10.0 N

5.0 N

20 cm 10 cm

1 37

(M)

= x

M = F

F (N)

(m)

M (N m)

1.21

1.22

50 cm 50 cm25 cm

1 N

3 N2.5 N

38

1.22

(1 N x 0.50 m) + (3 N x 0.25 m) = 1.25 N m

(2.5 N x 0.50 m) = 1.25 N m

1.22

5

29

1.3

19 23

W1

W2

1 39

1

1.

2.

3. 6.02

137

= 6.02

= 137

=

= ()

= (6.02 ) 137 s

= 824.74 m

.

.

1 39

ms

40

4. 160

10.00 .

12.00 .

= 160

= 160000

10.00 . 12.00 .

= 2

= 2 60 60

= 72000

=

=

= 2.22

16000072000

1602

ms

=

1

40

ms

kmh

1 41

= 150 + 30

= 180

= (+150 ) + (-30 )

= 120

= 3

= 3 60

= 180

=

=

= 1

=

=

= 0.67 /

180180

120180

5. 150

30

3

+

1

1 41

ms

ms

ms

42

7

3 10

7

3 10

10

10

= = 1

= = 1

=

10 m 10 s

=

6.

1

42

7 3

7

3

ms

10 m 10 s

ms

1 43

10

= = 1

4

= = 0.4

7. 10

20 10

.

20 10

. 10

10

= x

10 = x

= (2 ) x 10 s

= 20

=

=

=

=

= 2

10 - 0

20 N10 kg

ms2

1

1 43

10 m 10 s

ms

4 m 10 s

ms

ms

44

8. 60 12

.

5

.

=

= () x

. 40

5 40

1000 = 1

5

3600 = 1

1

=

51000

=

13600

=

= km

=

= 18

x 3600

51000

13600

h

kmh

51000

kmh

= (5 ) x 40 sms

1

44

= 60 m125 s

=

= 200 m

ms

1 45

9. 25

100

0.2 60

.

0 25 100

=

=

=

=

(+)

= +0.25

= 26.7 s

=

. 7.5

( )

7.5 200

2007.5

25 - 0100

25100

mm/s

m/ss

1

1 45

=

ms2

ms2

46 46

.

25 0.2 60

=

(-)

= -0.41

=

0.2 - 2560

-24.860

10.

.

.

.

.

11.

1

= m/ss

ms2

ms2

1 47 1 47

12.

1

fs

fs

fs

fsfs

48 48

13.

14.

15.

16. (lifejacket)

(buoyancy aid)

1

() ()

1 49 1 49

17. 0.001

1000 9000

.

.

9.8

V = 0.001

F = 9000

= 1000 g = 9.8

.

FB = Vg FB = (0.001 m

3) (1000 kg/m2) (9.8 m/s2)

= 9.8 N

9.8

.

= -

W = mg - FB W = (1000 kg 9.8 m/s2) - 9.8 N

= 88.2 N - 9.8 N

= 78.4 N

78.4

1

50 50

18. 1

10 20 30

. 16

.

.

= 30 N 0.5 m

= 15 Nm

= (20 N 0.3 m) + (10 N 0.5)

= 11 Nm

16 16 4 Nm

16N = 4 Nm

= = 0.25 m

16 25

25

.

20 0 10

416

NmN

1

1 51 1 51

19. 300 5

3

F

F

=

F 3 = F 2

3 F = 2 F

F = F (1) 300

F + F = 300 N F (1)

F + F = 300 N

F = 180 N

F = 120 N

300

300N = 300 N 3m

= 900 Nm

1

F F

23

23

52 52

F = F 5 m

F

900 Nm = F 5 m F = 180 N

F = 300N - 180 N = 120 N

20. 1

1 x 10 x x 5 x

=

(10 x) x = (10 + 5 x) x 10 x = 10 + 5 x 5 x = 10 x = 2 Kg 2

1

2

1 53 1 53

21. 2

5

22.

.

.

.

.

F

F

1

54 54

=

.

.

.

.

F1

F2

F1 = F

2

1

2 55

37 - 52

2

2.1 2

2.2 2

2.3 3

2.4 2

9

1.

2.

56

2.1

2.1

2.1

. . .

38

2 57

2.1

2.1

1. 2.1

2.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

5

2

58

3.

4.

1.

2.

F

F

F

F

2 59

2, 3 4

(work; W)

5.

6.

F

F

60

2.1

2, 3, 4 6

2.1

2

- 1

- 2

1

2

2.1

= x

W = F s

F (N)

s (m) W (N m) (J)

2 61

2.1

1 2

2.1 2.2

2.3

2.3

(1.5 )

43

1.

2.

2

62

1 1000 10 5

2 10

1

(power; P)

W (J)

t (s)

P (J/s) (W)

P = W t

2.4

(horse power)

2 63

2.3

46

1.

2.

3

64

2.2

1

/

1. 1

2. 1

3. 1

*

1.

3 - 4

2.2

3.2

2 65

2. 2.2

3.

66

()

2 67

1.

2.

(kinetic energy)

(gravitational potential energy)

(mechanical energy)

68

2.3

2.4

2

2.3

2.4

2

49

2 69

v = u =

= 0

u

g g

v

v = 0

2.4

2.4

70

2.4

2 71

Ek = 1 mv

2

Ek = m = v =

1 3

2

72

2

1.

.

.

2

( 3 )

2.

.

1

2

3

2 73

.

.

2

74

3. 200 10

.

=

= (200 N) x (10 m)

= 2000 Nm J

2000

. 4

4

=

=

= 500 J/s W

500

2000

4

J

s

2

3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

53 - 85

20

3.1 5

3.2 5

3.3 3

3.4 7

3 75

76

3.1

1.

2.

3 .

5

55

3 77

3.1

2

1

/

1. 1

2. 6V 2

3. 2

4. 1

5. 6 - 8

3.1 3.1

2

3.1

78

1. 2

1.

2. 3.1

-

3.

-

4.

- -

3 79

3.1 2

2

3.2

80

3.2

30

/

1. 1

2. 1

3. 6V 1

4. 1

5. 4

1.

3.1

3 81

2.

a b

3. 3.2

4.

-

5.

a bab

82

1.

-

-

2.

3.2

2

2

/ (J/C) (V)

3 83

3.3

30

/

1. 1

2. 1

3. 6V 1

4. 1

5. 4

1.

2.

3.3

3.

84

4. 3.3

5.

-

6.

7.

3.3

3 85

3.4

3.4

3.4

1

/

1. 1

2. 26 1 1

3. 1

4. 1

5. 1

6. 2 2

7.

4

86

1.

2. 3.4

3.

-

4.

(I) (V)

() () ()

1 1.1 0.12

2 2.2 0.24

3 3.0 0.33

4 4.0 0.44

3 87

1.

(V) X (I) Y

88

2.

3. tan

1

I (A)

I (A)

V (V)

V (V)

tan =

= =

tan =

IVIV

1R

1R

O

O

3 89

3.2

110

220

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

62

90

3.5

1

1.

2.

3.

()

3.5

3 91

1. 220 36

2. 220

50 98

3. 220 90

92

300

0.5 2

70oC

220

12 5

3 93

3.6

1 30

/

1. 1

2. 26 10 cm,

20 cm 30 cm

1

3. 30 10 cm 1

4. 26 10 cm 1

5. 1

6. 1

7. 6

8. 1/4

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

94

1. 3.6

2.

3.

30 26

4.

-

5.

220

3

1.

2.

3.

3 95

()

26(10 cm)

26(10 cm)

30(10 cm)

26(20 cm)

26(30 cm)

I (A) V (V) I (A) V (V) I (A) V (V) I (A) V (V) I (A) V (V)

1. 0.50 0.25 0.70 0.02 0.28 0.35 0.38 0.2 0.36 0.35

2. 1.15 0.55 1.75 0.05 0.7 0.85 0.95 0.85 0.75 1.05

3. 1.55 0.70 1.85 0.05 1.1 1.25 1.2 1.1 1.05 1.4

4. 1.7 0.75 2.60 0.075 1.4 1.45 1.45 1.3 1.2 2.0

1.

2.

()

26 10 cm

I (A)

V (V) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

96

()

26 30 10 cm

()

26 10 cm 20 cm 30 cm

I (A)

V (V) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

26 30

I (A)

V (V) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

26 10 cm 26 20 cm

26 30 cm

3 97

V/A

()

I (A)

V (V) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

1.5

0.6

98

1.

200C

R ( )

(m)

A (m2)

( m)

R =

2.

A

1.59 10-8

1.70 10-8

2.82 10-8

11.0 10-8

1.50 10-6

3.5 10-5

( m)

3 99

1.

2.

3.7

/

1. 1

2. 10 cm 2

3. 6V 1

4. 4

5. 1

30

100

1.

3.7

2. 3.7

3.

3.7

3 101

100W 220V 40W 220V 100W 40W

1 100 40

220 (V)

100W 220V 1 40W

220V 8

5

3.3

1.

2.

3.

3

66

102

3.8

1.

2.

/

1. 5

1. 1

2

2.

1

3 103

(electrical power)

3.3

(kW)

(h)

(kWh) (unit)

P =

W (J)

t (s)

P (W)

W t

=

=

W = Pt

104

3.3 3.4

2

3.4

1.

2.

7

73

3 105

3.9

4

3.9

3.9

/

1. 6V 1

2. 1

3. 1

4. D 1.5V 4

5. 4

6. 1

7. 1

8. 100 200 300 400 1

30

106

1.

2.

3.

4. 3.9

5.

-

6.

2

LDR

3 107

1

2

3

4

0 0 1 -

1%

2%

-

-

0.5%

0.25%

0.1%

0.05%

-

5%

10%

20%

1 1 101

2 2 102

3 3 103

4 4 104

5 5 105

6 6 106

7 7 -

8 8 -

9 9 -

- - 10-1

- - 10-2

- - -

3.4

1

2 2 3

4

108

2

5

103

5

25 103

5 23750 26250

.

1 3 2 .

1 3

2

3 109

R

E S

A

3.10

/

1. 4 1.5V 1

2. 1

3. 330 1

4. 1

5. 50 1

6. LDR 1

25

LDR

110

3

3.11

1.

2.

LDR

3. 3.10

4.

-

5.

LDR

LDR

3 111

3.11

25

1.

2.

3. 3.11

4.

-

5.

/

1. 470 1

2. 1

3. 1

4. 1

5. 1.5V 4 1

112

1

3

3.12

/

1. 4 1.5V 1

2. 1

3. 6V 1

4. 1

30

3 113

1. LED

2. (LED)

3. 3.12

4.

-

5.

3.12

/

5. 1

6. 1

7. (LED) 1

114

3.13

90

/

1. 4 1.5V 1

2. 1

3. 100 1

4. 1

5. 10

6. 3.3 2

7. 24 1

8. C 458 1

1. 100

3.3 24 C 458

2.

C (collector)

C B (base) E (emitter)

3 115

3.

4.

5.

3.13

C E (R1) B E (R2)

C

E ( ) B

E (R2) C E (R1)

C E (

)

116

R1 R2 ( R1 R2 potential divider)

6V R1 5.46

R2 0.54

R1 R2 6V

(potential divider)

3.3 k

330

3.3 k

330

V

V6V

V

V

3.3 k

5006V

V1

V2

3 117

V2 VBE 0.54 V ( IBE )

C E

V2 VBE 0.79 V ( IBE )

C E

VBE C458 0.7 V

VBE 0.7 V

( B E

( C

E)

1

B E

C458

100

6V

6V

3.3 k

330

R1

R2

C458

100

C458

3.3 k

500

R1

R26V

100

118

3

(B) (C) (E)

2

PNP A

B 2 SA, 2 SB

NPN C

D 2SC 373 C373

3 119

3 1

2

1.

2. (B) (

) (

)

. 2

(B) NPN

. 2

(B) PNP

120

3. (C) (E)

. B C

E

. B

. B

B

C E

3 4

C E

3 121

3.14

1.

2.

30

1.

2.

3.

1.

2

1.1 100 4 4

1.2 1,000 1

1.3 150 4

1

= [ 4 ] 4

= 1.6

= 1

= 1

= 4

= 0.6

1 = 1.6 + 1 + 0.6 = 3.2

= 3.2 30 2 = 192

192

2.

150

1000

1000

1000

3. (R)

6 V

3

122

3 123

3.1

()

()

()

1 1.5 0.003

2 3.0 0.006

3 4.5 0.009

4 6.0

3.2

R = = 500 3

0.006

V

A

3.3 4

I = = = 0.012 A6

500

V

= RV I

= RV I

V I

3

124

4.

15

220

15

14.66 14.66 15

5.

1.

2.

3.

6.

R = = = 14.66220

15

V

AV I

1

125

126

5 3 1

1

/

1. 1

2. 2

3. 30 cm 1

4. 20 cm. 1

5. 30 cm 1

6. 3

7. 1

8. 1

9. 1

10. 1

11. 1

12. 3

13. 1

14. 250 ml 1

15. 1

2

/

1. 1

2. 1

3. 1

127

2

/

1. 1

2. 1

3. 5

4. 1

5. (LED) 1

6. 1/4

7. 1

8. 4 1.5 V 1

9. 2

10. 470 1

11. 100 W 1

12. 200 W 1

13. 300 W 1

14. 330 W 1

15. 400 W 1

16. 500 W 1

17. 3.3 kW 2

18. LDR 1

19. 50 kW 1

20. D 1.5 V 4

21. C 458 1

22. 10 cm 2

23. 26 10 cm 1

128

/

24. 26 1 1

25. 26 10 cm 1

26. 26 20 cm 1

27. 26 30 cm 1

28. 30 10 cm 1

29. 1

30. 2 2

31.

10

32. 1

33. 6 V 2

34. 1

129

law of conservation of energy

electrical current

projectile motion

power

electrical power

collector

base

emitter

capacitance

potential difference

resistance

acceleration

gravitational acceleration

centripetal acceleration

ticker timer

work

fulcrum

diode

light-emitting diode

capacitor

main circuit breaker

conductor

transistor

mechanical energy

kinetic energy

electrical energy

gravitational potential energy

fuse

130

short circuit

moment of a force

International System Unit

action force

reaction force

buoyant force

net force

centripetal force

friction

kinetic friction

static friction

close circuit

integrated circuit

volt

voltmeter

neutral

ground

live

ampere

ammeter

light dependent resistor

ohm

131

. . : . 2537.

. . : . 2540. ().

, . . 1. : .

, . . 2. : .

. 1. : . 2535.

, .

1. : . 2548.

______. 3. : .. 2548.

Ciccotti, F. and Kelly, D.. Physics. London: Harper Collins Publishers. 2000.

Hewitt, P.G.. Conceptual Physics. Teachers edition. California: Addison - Wesley. 1987.

Jones, M., Jones, G. & Marchington, P.. Physics. Cambridge :Cambridge University. 1997.

Weast, R.C.. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 67th edition. Boca Raton: CRC. 1998.

Zitzewitz, P.W. and Murphy, J.T.. Physics Principles & Problems. Columbus, OH: A Bell & Howell.

1990.

3 1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

()

. .. 2556

.