Tbilisi 2013

zogadsaganmanaTleblo

sistemis

decentralizacia

ISBN 978-9941-0-5034-3

© samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, 2013

avtorebi:

politikis dokumenti - zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciasimon janaSia, sofio gogrgoZe

sajaro skolebis decentralizebuli marTveis Sefaseba irina abulaZe

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sistemis decentralizaciis

gavlena skolebis efeqtianobazeia anTaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, Tamar CxaiZeganaTlebis specialistebi: manana boWoriSvili, Tamar xatiaSvili

maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis

koncefcia. ganaTlebis da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisiairina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, marika kapanaZe, Tamar mosia-Svili, manana ratiani.

maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis

koncefcia. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisiasainiciativo jgufi: gia dvali, daviT lorTqifaniZe, vaJa bereJiani, zaza kokaia zogadsaganmanaTleblo mimarTulebis samuSao jgufi: irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani.

Sida kontrolis meqanizmebi da marTvis stili saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSiTamar mosiaSvili

redaqtori: Tamar CxaiZe

dizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili

proeqti   _ ”maswavleblebi bavSvze orientirebuli skolisTvis” _ xor-cieldeba aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) progra-mis _ „saqarTveloSi sajaro politikis, advokatirebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebis“ (G-PAC) farglebSi.

am programis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis gulisx-mieri mxardaWeris Sedegad, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) dafinansebiT. 

statia ar gamoxatavs USAID-is an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavro-bis Sexedulebebs.

daibeWda gamomcemloba mwignobariTbilisi, 2013

Sesavali

samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis mier momzade-buli wigni `zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemis decen-tralizacia“ sajaro skolebis administracias, mas-wavleblebs, ganaTlebis politikis damgegmavebsa da gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirebs daexmareba gaecnon saqarTveloSi decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT ar-sebul sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebsa da realur viTa-rebas, saerTaSoriso gamocdilebas da saqarTveloSi am sferoSi decentralizaciis politikis cvlilebis perspeqtivas.

ganaTlebis specialistebs, skolis administraciis warmomadgenlebs, maswavleblebs, gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirebs saSualeba eZlevaT gaecnon am sferoSi Catarebul kvlevebs.

qarTvel mkvlevarTa azriT zogadasaganmanaTleblo sistemis decentralizacias dadebiTi gavlenis mox-dena SeuZlia skolaSi swavla-swavlebis gaumjobese-baze, aseve qveyanaSi demokratiuli procesebis ganvi-Tarebaze.

sarCevi

politikis dokumenti - zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciasimon janaSia, sofio gogrgoZe

reziume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7decentralizaciis definicia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15kvlevebi decentralizaciis gavrcelebis formebisa da efeqturobis Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27problemebis analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35problemebis gadaWris alternativebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55bibliografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

sajaro skolebis decentralizebuli marTveis Sefaseba irina abulaZe

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65kvlevis mizani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67kvlevis instrumenti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69zogadi komentarebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi praqtikis mimoxilva . . . . . . . . . . 71kvlevis Sedegebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79zogadi informacia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79ZiriTadi mignebebi da daskvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99rekomendaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102bibliografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sistemis decentralizaciis gavlena skolebis efeqtianobazeia anTaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, Tamar CxaiZeganaTlebis specialistebi: manana boWoriSvili, Tamar xatiaSvili

reziume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105meTodologia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107problemis aRwera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109ZiriTadi mignebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117daskvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123danarTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

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maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia ganaTlebis da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisiairina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, marika kapanaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani.

reziume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefciaganaTlebisa da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisiasainiciativo jgufi: gia dvali, daviT lorTqifaniZe, vaJa bereJiani, zaza kokaia zogadsaganmanaTleblo mimarTulebis samuSao jgufi: irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani.

saqarTveloSi maswavleblis profesiis mdgomareobis mimoxilva 132maswavlebelTa rekrutireba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138sauniversiteto momzadeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140kvalifikaciis miniWeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142profesiaSi Sesvla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144uwyveti profesiuli ganviTareba da karieruli zrda . . . . . . . 146garemo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Sida kontrolis meqanizmebi da marTvis stili saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSiTamar mosiaSvili

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157skola, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri . . . . . . . . . 157Sinaganawesis roli skolis cxovrebaSi „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonis mixedviT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162kvlevis dizaini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Sinaganawesebis Tvisebrivi analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166saswavlo procesis organizeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167muSakTa samuSaoze miReba da daTxovna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168moswavleTa ZiriTadi ufleba-movaleobebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173daskvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177rekomendaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

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politikis dokumenti - zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis

decentralizacia

reziume

politikis dokumenti: zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis decen-tralizacia saqarTveloSi Seiswavlis saqarTvelos saskolo ganaTlebis sistemas da mis farglebSi mimdinare procesebs saxelmwifos, skolebs, sazogadoebriv organizaciebsa da sxva CarTul organizaciebs Soris arsebuli ufleba-movaleo-bebisa da saqmianobebis gadanawilebis TvalsazrisiT.

dokumentis mizania Seiswavlos saqarTvelos zogadsagan-manaTleblo sistemaSi decentralizaciasTan dakavSirebuli procesebi bolo aTwleulisa da, gansakuTrebiT ki, bolo ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. dokumentis farglebSi ganxi-lulia sxvadasxva problema, rac xels uSlis saxelmwifos, sazogadoebriv organizaciebsa da skolebs zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi sakuTari funqciebis ukeTesad ganxorcielebaSi sx-vadasxva centralizebuli regulaciebis, decentralizaciisT-vis saWiro dabali SesaZleblobebisa Tu araswori praqtikis gamo. dokumenti moicavs rekomendaciebs politikis sferoSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebTaTvis sistemis efeqturi, moqnili da grZelvadianad ganviTarebadi gardaqmnisTvis.

dokumenti mimoixilavs decentralizaciis momxreebis argumentebs. ganxilulia agreTve saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Sedegebi. saqarTveloSi arsebuli sistema ganxilulia ro-gorc istoriul, ise normatiul da praqtikis WrilSi. gaana-lizebulia problemebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba sistemis Sig-niT moTamaSeebs Soris pasuxismgeblobebis gadanawilebasa da maT SesaZleblobebs. bolos mocemulia rekomendaciebi.

dokumenti momzadebulia samoqalaqo ganviTarebis in-stitutis proeqtis `maswavleblebi bavSvze orientirebu-li skolisTvis“ farglebSi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso saagentos mxardaWeriT.

simon janaSia, sofio gogrgoZe

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Sesavali

decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT ganaTlebis siste-mebis reforma gansakuTrebiT popularuli gaxda gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebis Semdeg. am dros msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis ara mxolod dafinan-sebiT, aramed adgilobriv politikaSi aqtiuri CareviT ga-naTlebis sistemebis ganviTarebis proeqtebi mraval gan-viTarebad qveyanaSi daiwyo. am organizaciebis politikis veqtori ZiriTadad gulisxmobda saxelmwifos mier so-cialuri politikis mimarTulebiT rogorc sabiujeto xar-jebisa da biurokratiis Semcirebas, aseve kerZo seqtoris gaZlierebas. mxardaWerili politikis nawili iyo biznesis sferoSi danergili modelebis Semotana ganaTlebis sfer-oSi. am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani gaxda Sedegze orien-tirebuli dagegmva, ganaTlebis menejerializacia, monace-mebze dayrdnobiT gadawyvetilebebis miReba da ganaTlebis komercializacia. amave politikis erT-erTi qvakuTxedia Tavisufali bazris principebis danergva ganaTlebis sis-temebSi. es ZiriTadad saswavlo dawesebulebebis arCevanis uflebebis gafarToebasa da vauCeruli dafinansebis wess Seexo (Heyneman, 2003).

gasuli saukunis oTxmociani wlebidan Tavisufali ba-zris, skolebis arCevanis da maTi meti damoukideblobis, kerZo seqtorisa da kerZo dafinansebis gaZlierebis mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganaxorcieles agreTve ganviTarebuli qveynebis nawilSic. am mimarTule-biT mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadaidga did britaneTSi, aSS-Si, axal zelandiaSi, avstraliasa da CileSi (Levin & Belfield, 2003).

saerTaSoriso multilateraluri organizaciebisa da memarjvene mTavrobebis politikis danergvisTvis mniS-vnelovani iyo, rom saxelmwifos roli ganaTlebis marTva-

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Si Sesustebuliyo, xolo Tavad saswavlo organizaciebis, Temisa da momxmareblis (mSoblisa da moswavlis) roli gaz-rdiliyo (Heyneman, 2003). am midgomas sxvadasxva argumen-tiT xsnidnen.

argumentebi decentralizaciis sasargeblod

decentralizaciis sasargeblo argumentebis SemuSave-ba ZiriTadad sami mimarTulebiT mimdinareobda (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). decentralizaciis momxreebi umetesad mi-iCneven, rom Zalauflebisa da pasuxismgeblobis qveda rgolebisken gadanawileba xels uwyobs

1. ganaTlebis sistemisa da moswavleebis mier ukeTesi Sedegebis miRwevas

2. ganaTlebis sistemis ekonomikuri efeqtianobis gaum-jobesebas

3. ufro samarTliani sistemis danergvasdecentralizaciis momxreebi Tvlian, rom ukeTesi

Sedegebi maSin miiRweva, rodesac gadawyvetilebebis mim-Rebni ukeT icnoben lokalur konteqsts. igulisxmeba, rom skolis farglebSi konkretuli moswavleebis saWiroebebi-sa da miswrafebebis Sesaxeb ufro amomwuravi informaciaa, vidre raime zeda rgolis biurokratiul organoSi. Sesa-bamisad, meti SesaZleblobaa, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebi-sas gaTvaliswinebuli iyos lokaluri viTareba.

meore mxriv, ukeTesi Sedegebis misaRwevad, decentral-izaciis momxreebi aseve mniSvnelovnad miiCneven meti in-formaciuli investiciis (input) arsebobas. Tu, rogorc aqamde aRvniSneT, xarisxobrivad ukeTesi informacia swo-ri gadawyvetilebis misaRebad mniSvnelovania, meore ar-gumentis mixedviT, aseve ukeTesia informaciis wyaroebis simravlis arseboba. am argumentis Tanaxmad, konkretuli skolis farglebSi resursebis, miznebis, kurikulumis Tu

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sxva mimarTulebiT gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas, meti in-formirebulobis SesaZlebloba arsebobs, vidre es cen-tralur doneze moxdeboda (McGinn & Welsh, 1999).

kidev erTi argumenti, rac ukeTesi Sedegebis misaRwevad decentralizaciis sasargeblod gamoiTqmeba, aris Teoria, romlis mixedviTac gadawyvetilebisa da pasuxismgeblo-bebis qveda rgolebze gadataniT mTavari dainteresebuli pirebis (mSoblebisa da moswavleebis) CarTva xels uwyobs xarisxis amaRlebas. am xedvis mixedviT mTavari dainterese-buli mxareebis xSiri CarTuloba xels uwyobs ganaTlebis xarisxis kontrolis zrdas (Levin & Belfield, 2003). magaliTad, mSoblebi ufro metad akontroleben maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis mier gakveTilebis gacdenebs. amave TeoriiT, mSoblebis CarTuloba gadawyvetilebebSi amaRlebs maTsave motivacias, daxmarebis mizniT CaerTon sakuTari Svilebis yoveldRiur swavlaSi, rac mniSvnelovania swavlis Sede-gebis gasaumjobeseblad.

meoTxe argumentis mixedviT, skolebi decentralize-bul sistemaSi ufro metad cdiloben da axerxeben mSo-blebis, moswavleebisa da iq momuSave personalis kmayo-filebis zrdaze zrunvas. amgvarad, maTi azriT, skolebSi ufro metad keTilganwyobili pirobebi iqmneba, rac ukeTes garemos qmnis swavlis Sedegebis zrdisTvis (McGinn & Welsh, 1999).

mexuTe argumenti, romelsac swavlis xarisxis asamaR-leblad decentralizaciis sikeTis dasasabuTeblad iyene-ben xolme, gadawyvetilebebis efeqturobas ukavSirdeba. decentralizaciis momxreebis azriT, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi centraluri rgolebis Careva mniSvnelovani sa-ganmanaTleblo procesebis swrafad da moqnilad ganx-orcielebas aferxebs (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). am poziciis mixedviT, swavlebis xarisxis asamaRleblad mniSvnelova-

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nia skolis, rogorc dinamiuri saswavlo garemos gaazreba. dinamiuri garemo ki moiTxovs gadawyvetilebebis xSirad miRebas. zeda rgolebTan SeTanxmebis aucileblobis SemTx-vevaSi, gadawyvetilebebis didi nawili ferxdeba. rogorc wesi, zeda rgolebi ufro nela muSaobs da damokidebu-lia biurokratiul procesze. biurokratiuli procesis monawileebi imdenad daSorebulebi arian realur prob-lemas, rom Sinagani daintereseba naklebi aqvT swrafi da saukeTeso gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.

sxvagvarad rom aRvweroT, rac ufro grZelia angariS-valdebulebis gza, rac meti Sualeduri rgolia CarTu-li moqalaqis moTxovnebsa da provaiders, anu skolas Soris, miT ufro ferxdeba swrafi da efeqturi dadebi-Ti cvlilebebi (World Bank, 2004). angariSvaldebulebis xarisxi politikur nebaze, da Semdeg, am nebis teqnikur moTxovnebad Targmnaze xdeba damokidebuli. moTxovnebis mTavari Semsruleblebi Sordebian moTxovnebis Semqmne-lebs da, politikuri organoebis meSveobiT, mxolod Su-aleduri moTxovnebis Semsruleblebi xdebian.es arTulebs maT mier sazogadoebrivi survilebisa da saWiroebebis sworad gaazrebas. aseve sazogadoebisTvis rTuldeba rel-evanturi angariSebis miRebis SesaZlebloba. sinamdvileSi, centralizebul sistemebSic ki, moqalaqeebi saxelmwifos gareSec ukavSirdebian servisis mimwodeblebs, anu skolebs (Gunnarsson, Orazem, Sánchez, & Verdisco, 2009). Sesabamisad, sko-lebs uwevT maTTvis angariSis gaweva. Tumca, decentral-izaciis SemTxvevaSi, es procesi institucionalizebulia; rac, erTi mxriv, skolas am urTierTobis valdebulebas akisrebs, meore mxriv ki, moqalaqeebs miznebis, saSuale-bebisa Tu xarisxis uzrunvelyofaSi meti CarTulobis Ses-aZleblobebs aZlevs. am procesis sqematuri gamosaxuleba ix. qvemoT.

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sqema #1 wyaro (World Bank, 2004)

decentralizaciis, rogorc ekonomikurad efeqturi midgomis momxreebis azriT, meti saswavlo dawesebulebi-sTvis marTvaSi meti avtonomiis miniWeba resursebis op-timalur da yairaTian xarjvas iwvevs. am Teoriis mixed-viT, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saswavlo dawesebulebis marTvaSi CarTulebi arian adgilobrivi dainteresebuli mxareebi, maSin isini, sakuTari interesebidan gamomdinare, finans-uri resursebis flangvas xels uSlian (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). igulisxmeba, rom SvilebisTvis saukeTeso saswavlo pirobebis uzrunvelyofa mSoblebis ZiriTadi interesia. am logikiT, maT interesSi ar Sedis, magaliTad, maswavle-blebis raodenobis usafuZvlo zrda, saskolo resursebis piradi keTildReobisTvis gamoyeneba da sxva.

ekonomikur efeqturobas exmianeba meore argumentic - decentalizaciis dros tranzaqciebis raodenoba da xarjebi mcirdeba (Levin & Belfield, 2003). am xedviT, skola, rogorc avtonomiuri erTeuli, nakleb dros xarjavs saku-Tari problemebis mogvarebaze, radgan saoperacio cikli-

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dan amovardnilia biurokratiis rgoli. amavdroulad, na-klebi dro da finansebi ixarjeba lojistikur sakiTxebze. magaliTad, raimes centralizebulad Sesyidva gulisxmobs, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, jer skolebidan informaciis Se-grovebas, Semdeg informaciis analizs, Semdeg Sesyidvis ganxorcielebas, saqonlis distribuciasa da SemdgomSi Sedegebis analizs. sxvadasxva sistemaSi aseve gavrcelebu-lia meore midgoma - xarjebis anazRaurebis gza. am SemTx-vevaSi, skola awvdis informacias zeda rgols da elodeba Sesyidvaze dasturs. Semdeg axorcielebs Sesyidvas da awv-dis angariSs zeda rgols. Sesyidvis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro tranzaqciis raodenoba cxadia mcirdeba, rodesac skolas meti avtonomia aqvs. sruli avtonomiis SemTxvevaSi, zedmeti tranzaqciebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba TiToeuli skolisTvis.

mesame argumenti exeba adamianuri resursebis efeq-tur marTvas - ekonomikuri efeqturobis TvalsazrisiTa da swavlebis xarisxsTan mimarTebaSi. am xedvis momxreebis azriT, skolis ufleba, damoukideblad, garedan Carevisa da sxva mniSvnelovnad Semaferxebeli regulaciebis gareSe miiRos gadawyvetilebebi personalis (maswavleblebisa da administraciis) daqiravebisa da gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, resursebis Tvisebrivi gaumjobesebis winapirobas qmnis (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). am xedvis momxreebis azriT, SromiTi urTierTobebis mogvarebaSi saxelmwifos an profesiuli kavSirebis Careva xels uSlis naklebi kvalifikaciis, mo-tivaciis an, zogadad rom vTqvaT, profesionalizmis mqone personalis mimarT adekvaturi zomebis miRebas, aseve, sko-lebSi maswavleblobis an administraciis wevrobis sauke-Teso kandidatebis daqiravebasa da personalis jansaRi sixSiriT rotacias.

decentralizaciis momxreebis azriT, skolis TviTm-marTvelobaSi mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis warmomadgen-lebis CarTva sxva wyaroebidan resursebis mozidvis met SesaZleblobas iZleva (Levin & Belfield, 2003). aseTi resursebi

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SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod finansuri, aramed skolisTvis usasyidlod gadacemuli saqoneli an momsaxureba.

RirebulebiTi TvalsazrisiT, saswavlo dawesebule-bebis meti avtonomia demokratiul marTvas, adamianis Tavisuflebas ukavSirdeba. mSoblebs ufleba eZlevaT, gadawyviton sakuTari Svilebis bedi da aRzrdis forma. decentralizaciis momxreebi miiCneven, rom metad da-moukidebeli sistemebi ufro samarTliania da aseve metad uzrunvelyofs adamianis uflebebis dacvas.

miiCneva, rom decentralizaciis pirobebSi skolebs meti SesaZlebloba aqvT, gaiTvaliswinon saskolo Temis miznebi, RirebulebiTi midgomebi Tu aRzrdis principebi. decen-tralizebul sistemebs meti SesaZlebloba aqvT, moswav-leebs mravalferovani kurikulumi da swavlisa da swav-lebis principebi SesTavazon. decentralizaciis momxreebi miiCneven, rom es farTo arCevanis safuZvels qmnis da met SesaZleblobas iZleva ojaxebis miswrafebebis dasakmayo-fileblad.

decentralizebuli sistemebis momxreebi aseve fiqro-ben, rom amgvarad ufro metadaa SesaZlebeli skolebSi de-mokratiuli marTvis principebis danergva. am principebi-dan gamomdinare, skolebis ara mxolod administraciuli, aramed saswavlo procesis decentralizebuli marTvis gareSe rTulia imis warmodgena, rogor SeiZleba skolaSi aRizardon moqalaqeebi, romlebic mzad iqnebian demokra-tiul sazogadoebaSi efeqturi TanamonawilebisTvis (Dew-ey, 2004).

mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, rom yvela CamoTv-lili argumenti SesaZlebelia kritikulad Sefasdes. Cveni interesi am dokumentis farglebSi ar aris yvela kontrar-gumentis ganxilva da romelimes sasargeblod daskvnebis gakeTeba. rodesac qvemoT saqarTvelos politikasa da praq-tikaSi arsebul problemebs ganvixilavT, am argumentebis nawils realuri magaliTebis safuZvelze mimovixilavT.

15

decentralizaciis definicia

erTiani standarti, romliTac ganaTlebis sistemebis decentralizaciis xarisxi gaizomeba, ar arsebobs. yvela qveyanis sistema sxvadasxva sakiTxis Sesaxeb centralize-bulad an centrisgan moSorebiT iRebs gadawyvetilebebs. sruliad decentralizebuli sistema, romelSic yvela saswavlebeli nebismier sakiTxs damoukideblad wyvets, an raime saxiT ar aris damokidebuli politikur xelisufle-baze, dReisTvis praqtikulad aRar arsebobs. amgvari vi-Tareba ganaTlebis nacionaluri sistemebis Seqmnis sawyisi etapisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli. ganaTlebis nacional-uri sistemebis Seqmnis procesi dasavleTSi me-19 sauku-nis ganmavlobaSi dasrulda. amaze adre ki Temi Tavad qm-nida saskolo dawesebulebebs. skolebi damoukideblad sazRvravdenen swavlebis Sinaarss, meTodebs, personalis daqiravebisa da gaSvebis wesebs. dafinansebac, ZiriTadad, Temisgan modioda. SesaZlebeli iyo skola konkretul individsac Seeqmna sakuTari saxsrebiT, damoukidebeli miznebiT, filosofiuri Tu pedagogiuri safuZvlebiT.

Temis mier daarsebuli da dafinansebuli skolebi, cxa-dia, dResac mraval qveyanaSi arsebobs (ix. fineTi, aSS, germania, Cile, el-salvadori). Tumca, dRes es skolebi, garkveuli regulaciebis Tanaxmad, praqtikulad yvelagan garkveulwilad angariSvaldebulni arian Temis miRma ar-sebul politikur organoebTan. es SeiZleba iyos munici-paliteti, raioni, mxare, regioni, Stati an centraluri xelisufleba (McGinn & Welsh, 1999).

amgvari midgomis ZiriTadi safuZvelia saxelmwifoebSi arsebuli saWiroeba, rom Tanamoqalaqeebi saerTo ideolo-giur safuZvlebze aRizardon, rac xorcieldeba erTiani saswavlo gegmis, swavlebis enis, miznebis Tu nacionaluri narativebis safuZvelze. am gziT aRzrdili moqalaqeebi ki monawileoben saxelmwifos efeqtur funqcionirebaSi (Gell-ner & Breuilly, 2008). es principi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-

16

nia demokratiuli wyobis mqone saxelmwifoebisTvis, sadac arCevanis gasakeTeblad saerTo kuTvnilebis gaazrebis garda, moqalaqeebs aseve garkveuli sabaziso wignierebis unar-Cvevebic sWirdebaT (Dewey, 2004).

ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciis xarisxis dasad-genad SeuZlebelia erTi an ori calkeuli parametris gam-oyofa. gansakuTrebiT problemuria qveynebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba. Tu romelime parametriT sistema A - B-sTan Se-darebiT erTi parametriT decentralizebulia, SesaZloa, sxva parametris mixedviT viTareba sapirispiro iyos. mag-aliTad, germaniis federaciuli respublikaSi erTiani na-cionaluri saswavlo gegma ar arsebobs. federaciis yvela subieqts Tavisi saswavlo gegma aqvs. fineTSi saswavlo gegmis Sedgena centralizebulad xdeba. es parametri, sxva parametrebisgan damoukideblad, ar aris sakmarisi, raTa CavTvaloT, rom fineTSi ufro metad centralizebuli ganaTlebis sistemaa, vidre germaniis federaciul re-spublikaSi, radgan, Tu sxva parametrebs gadavxedavT (mag. kurikulumis moculobebisa da Sinaarsis modificirebis Tavisuflebas), SesaZloa, fineTi naklebad centralizebu-lad Sefasdes.

sistemebis umetesobaSi pasuxismgebloba da gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba ganawilebulia sam an met doneze - skola, adgilobrivi xelisufleba da central-uri xelisufleba. adgilobrivi xelisufleba sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi SeiZleba TavisTavad iyos dayofili Sedar-ebiT mcire, (magaliTad, municipaliteti an saskolo olqi) an ufro msxvil erTeulebad, rogoric aris regioni an mx-are (McGinn & Welsh, 1999).

ganaTlebis sistemebis umetesobaSi marTvis centralur rgols ufro metad regulaciebis dadgenisa da xarisxis marTvis prerogativa aqvs, rac xSirad gulisxmobs norma-tiuli CarCos SemuSavebas, kurikulumis dadgenas, saxel-faso minimumebisa da xarisxis Semowmebis instrumentebis SemuSavebasa da danergvas.

17

sistemebis umetesobaSi sajaro skolebis dafinansebis ZiriTadi wyaro adgilobrivi da ara centraluri biuje-tia. bevrgan moqmedebs principi, romlis mixedviTac, Tu adgilobrivi biujetis saSualebiT ar aris SesaZlebeli minimaluri saganmanaTleblo pirobebis uzrunvelyofa, ma-Sin subsidiebi centraluri xelisuflebisgan gamoiyofa. msgavsi sistema 2005 wlamde saqarTveloSic moqmedebda (saqarTvelos kanoni „ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, 1997).

sistemebis umetesobaSi SezRudulia skolebis roli Sesyidvebis, adamianuri personalis marTvis, saswavlo miznebisa da resursebis SerCevis procesSi. skolis person-ali SesaZlebelia CarTuli iyos zogierTi gadawyvetilebis momzadebasa an miRebaSi, magram maswavleblebisa da admin-istraciis damoukidebeli SerCeva skolebis mier mxolod zogierT saxelmwifoSia miRebuli. aseTi saxelmwifoebis ricxvSi Sedis saqarTveloc (saqarTvelos kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, 2005). umetes sistemebSi amgvar sakiTxe-bze gadawyvetilebis miReba adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan da, xSirad, profesiul kavSirebTan erTad xdeba.

sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi skolebis ufle-bamosilebebi gansxvavebulia. aseve gansxvavebulia saval-debulo angariSvaldebulebis xarisxi da Tavisufleba kerZo da sajaro skolebSic. rogorc wesi, sistemebis umetesobaSi kerZo skolebs meti Tavisufleba aqvT ada-mianuri, materialuri da finansuri resursebis marTvis gzebis gansazRvris kuTxiT. isini ufro metad damoukide-blad gansazRvraven saswavlo miznebsac. kerZo skolebi aseve ufro metad Tavisuflebi arian sxvadasxva religi-uri an filosofiuri swavlebis danergvaSic. saxelmwifoe-bis nawili (mag. holandia, aSS, SvedeTi, saqarTvelo) kerZo saswavleblebsac afinansebs (Levin & Belfield, 2003).

zogierTi qveynisTvis kerZo skolebis raodenobis zrda decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT saganmanaTleblo poli-tikis mniSvnelovani safuZvelia. am politikis yvelaze cnobili magaliTi Cilea. kerZo skolebSi moswavleebis

18

nawili srulad an nawilobrivad finansdeba saxelmwifo vauCerebiT. kerZo skolebis raodenobis zrdasTan erTad, CileSi sajaro skolebis avtonomiac gaizarda (McGinn & Welsh, 1999).

zogierT sistemaSi arsebobs kerZo da sajaro skolas Soris Sualeduri skolis tipi. aseTia, magaliTad, Carter-uli skolebi aSS-Si. Carteruli skola sajarosgan, ZiriTa-dad, Tavisuflebis xarisxiT gansxvavdeba. kerZod, amgvari skola saxelmwifosgan da profesiuli kavSirebisgan da-moukideblad marTavs adamianur personals, kurikulums, finansur da materialur resursebs (Finnigan, 2007). Cart-erul skolebs, kerZo skolebTan SedarebiT, SezRuduli uflebebi aqvT. isini saxelmwifosTan deben specialur xelSekrulebas, Carters. Carterul skolebs ekrZalebaT, magaliTad, moswavleebisgan gadasaxadebis akrefa da mo-swavleebis SerCeva konkursis gziT.

SejamebisTvis SeiZleba gamoiyos ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciis ramdenime done (Bruns, Filmer, & Patrinos, 2011):

a) susti decentralizacia - rodesac ZiriTadi gadaw-yvetilebebi, resursebis ganawileba, xarisxis marTva, miznebisa da midgomebis dadgena xdeba centralur doneze. adgilobriv an skolis doneze gadawyvetilebebi umniSvne-lo masStabiT miiReba. qveda rgolebs ufro metad Sems-ruleblebis roli da vertikaluri angariSvaldebuleba aqvT centraluri xelisuflebis mimarT. kerZo an naxevrad damoukidebeli skolebis roli SezRudulia.

b) saSualo decentralizacia - rodesac gadawyvetile-bebis ZiriTadi nawili miiReba municipalitetebis, raio-nebis, mxareebis an olqebis mier. dafinanseba ZiriTadad adgilobrivi biujetebidan xdeba. centraluri xelisu-flebis roli dabalia. is umTavresad TamaSis wesebs adgens da zedamxedvelis rols inarCunebs.

g) Zlieri decentralizacia - skolebis bazaze gadaw-yvetilebis miRebis xarisxi maRalia. angariSvaldebule-

19

bebis sistema gulisxmobs rogorc vertikalur (skola->adgilobrivi xelisufleba->centraluri xelisufleba), aseve horizontalur angariSgebas (skola->sazogadoeba).

decentralizaciasTan dakavSirebuli terminebi xSirad urTierTCanacvlebadi da urTierTgadafarvadi SinaarsiT gamoiyeneba. decentralizaciis ZiriTad formebs Soris, rac Cveni dokumentisTvis aris relevanturi, xSirad ga-nasxvaveben decentralizaciis sam formas: dekoncentra-cias, devolucias da delegirebas (McGinn & Welsh, 1999).

dekoncentracia funqciebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis erTi romelime centraluri organodan ramdenime cen-tralur an adgilobriv saxelmwifo organoze gadanawile-bas gulisxmobs. dekoncentracia SeiZleba mxolod geo-grafiuli niSniTac moxdes. amisi magaliTia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros centraluri aparatis mier sa-kuTari adgilobrivi warmomadgenlobiTi organoebisTvis (magaliTad resurscentrebisTvis) ufleba-movaleobebis gadacema.

delegireba gulisxmobs sakuTari ufleba-movaleo-bebis romelime organizaciisTvis gadacemas. magaliTad, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros maswavleblebis profesiuli zrdis an/da sertificirebis funqciebis sxva organizaciebisTvis (mag. universitetebi, asociaciebi) delegireba SeuZlia.

devolucia zeda donidan qveda doneze ufleba-mov-aleobebis gadacemas gulisxmobs. magaliTad, maswavle-blebis daqiravebis sakiTxebis marTva saxelmwifom 2005 wlidan devoluciis gziT skolebs gadasca. devolucia Zl-ieri decentralizaciis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa.

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kvlevebi decentralizaciis gavrcelebis formebisa da efeqturobis Sesaxeb

saerTaSoriso kvlevebi ganaTlebis sistemis decen-tralizaciis principebis Sesafaseblad mniSvnelovan informacias gvawvdis. Cven SeviswavleT rogorc erT konkretul saxelmwifoSi Catarebuli, ise SedarebiTi kv-levebis Sedegebi, ris safuZvelzec ZiriTadad SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom:

• skolebis avtonomiis zrda xSirad xels uwyobs mSo-blebis ufro met CarTulobas, maswavleblebis pa-suxismgeblobis zrdas, resursebis ukeT marTvas, moswavleebis ukeTes miRwevebs, mSoblebis kmayo-filebis zrdas.

• skolebisTvis avtonomiis miniWeba avtomaturad da yvela SemTxvevaSi ar iwvevs xarisxis gaumjobese-bas. mniSvnelovania avtonomiis meqanizmebis swori gansazRvra. es gulisxmobs uflebamosilebebis swo-ri moculobiT gadacemas, skolebis xarisxis marTvis efeqturi meqanizmebis arsebobas, skolebis mzaobasa da mxardaWeris, maT Soris, finansuri da inteleq-tualuri meqanizmebis arsebobas.

• sistemis decentralizaciisadmi erTi da igive mid-goma sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi sxvadasxva Sedegs iZle va. es ukavSirdeba sistemis sxva elementebis, saxelmwifoSi arsebuli politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri viTarebis, saxelmwifos adminis-traciuli mowyobis, adamianuri resursebis mzaobis problemebs.

sxvadasxva kvleva mraval mniSvnelovan Tvisebriv in-formacias Seicavs. mag. argentinaSi, buenos airesSi Cat-arebuli kvleva aCvenebs, rom is, Tu rogor inergeba marT-vis principebi skolis bazaze, damokidebulia ara mxolod socialur-politikur viTarebaze, aramed Tavad orga-nizaciebis Sida Taviseburebebze (Astiz, 2006). skolebSi sx-

21

vadasxva aqtoris efeqturoba izrdeba, rodesac munici-paluri xelisuflebis mxridan mikromenejmentis praqtika mcirea.

israelSi arabuli da ebrauli skolebis SedarebiTi kv-leva aCvenebs, rom skolebma SesaZloa garkveuli mizezebis gamo ar gamoiyenon sakuTari Tavisufleba saswavlo gegmis cvlilebis mizniT (Benavot & Resh, 2003). miuxedavad imisa, rom arabul da ebraul skolebs SesaZloa sxvadasxva donis Tavisufleba hqondeT miniWebuli, maTi kurikulumebi Za-lian msgavsia. arabul skolebSi mravalferovnebis gaCenas aferxebs maTi organizaciuli SesaZleblobebi da konser-vatuli damokidebuleba e.w.ZiriTadi sagnebis mimarT.

britaneTSi grantebis safuZvelze marTuli skolebis (amerikuli Carteruli skolis varianti) SemoRebis Semdeg, kvlevam dadebiTi cvlilebebi aCvena moswavleebis Sede-gebis TvalsazrisiT (Clark, 2009). pozitiuri cvlilebebis erT-erT ZiriTadi faqtori, kvlevis Tanaxmad, maswavle-blebis daqiravebisa da daTxovnis Tavisuflebaa.

Carteruli skolebis kvleva amerikis SeerTebul Stateb-Si aCvenebs, rom skolis damoukidebloba - Tavad marTos sakuTari biujeti - SeiZleba SeizRudos aramarto saxelm-wifos mier (Finnigan, 2007). am kvlevis mixedviT. naxevrad da-moukidebeli skolebis avtonomiis ganxorcielebas SeiZle-ba xels uSlidnen maTi damfuZnebeli kerZo organizaciebi. amasTan erTad, skolis mier swavlebis damoukideblobas zRudavs saxelmwifos mier dawesebuli xarisxis marTvis iseTi elementebi, rogoric aris testirebebis erTiani sistema. es mniSvnelovnad cvlis saskolo praqtikas stand-artizaciis sasargeblod.

laTinuri amerikis aTi qveynis moswavleebis saswavlo Sedegebis kvlevaze dayrdnobiT Catarebuli SedarebiTi analizi aCvenebs, rom decentralizaciis xarisxi SeiZleba ara imdenad qveynebs Soris gansxvavdebodes, ramdenadac qveynis SigniT (Gunnarsson, Orazem, Sánchez, & Verdisco, 2009). amasTan erTad, kvleva aCvenebs, rom iseTi centralizeb-

22

uli qveyanac ki, rogoric aris kuba, mniSvnelovan Tavi-suflebas aZlevs skolebs. kvleva aCvenebs dadebiT kavSirs skolis avtonomias, mSoblebis CarTulobasa da moswav-leebis Sedegebs Soris. is skolebi, romlebic ara mxolod mzad arian, aramed avtonomiis misaRebad mowadinebulebi arian, ukeTes Sedegebs aRweven.

sainteresoa koreis SemTxvevac. koreaSi, saerTaSoriso Sefasebebis mixedviT, moswavleebs sakmaod kargi Sedegebi aqvT. sistema ZiriTadad centralizebulia. saministro pa-suxismgebelia skolaSi Caricxvaze, kurikulumze, maswavle-blebis daqiravebasa da infrastruqturaze. Tumca, adgi-lobriv ganaTlebis departamentebs meoce saukunis 90-iani wlebidan meti avtonomia miecaT resursebis mobilizebis, finansebisa Tu skolebis dakompleqtebis kuTxiT. 1995 wl-idan koream daiwyo kurikulumis reforma; skolebs misca saSualeba, centralurad Seqmnili kurikulumis garkveu-li modificireba gakeTebebinaT; aseve mTavrobam gaauqma kontrolis zogierTi meqanizmi (skolebis moulodneli Semowmeba saministros mier) da skolebs SedarebiT meti avtonomia mianiWa. miuxedavad imisa, rom dResac mTavaria centraluri mTavrobis roli, mTavroba cdilobs, sagan-manaTleblo dawesebulebebi Sesabamisi struqturiTa da resursebiT uzrunvelyos da ar dakavdes skolebis mik-romenejmentiT (Kim, 2001). amas adasturebs 2008 wels mTav-robis mier miRebuli adgilobrivi ganaTlebis avtonomiis aqtic, romelic miznad skolebis avtonomiurobis Semdgom zrdas isaxavs.

erT-erTi yvelaze avtoritetuli SedarebiTi kvleva, romelic moswavleebis miRwevebis saerTaSoriso kvlevebs (PISA) efuZneba, aCvenebs, rom decentralizacia ganviTa-rebis sxvadasxva donis qveynebSi sxvadasxvagvar Sedegebs iZleva (Hanushek, Link, & Woessmann, 2012). susti mmarTvelo-bisa da dabali ekonomikuri monacemebis mqone saxelmwi-

23

foebSi decentralizaciam SesaZloa moswavleebis Sede-gebis klebac ki gamoiwvios.

mark hansoni (1997), romelmac mravali qveynis decen-tralizaciis gamocdileba Seiswavla, askvnis, rom:

1. Zlier decentralizacias (devolucia) grZelvadi-ani warmatebis meti Sansi aqvs. decentralizacia maSinaa warmatebuli, rodesac regionebs da mu-nicipalitetebs centri aramarto problemebsa da tvirTs gadaabarebs, aramed warmatebuli cvlilebi-sTvis realur Sanss aZlevs;

2. mniSvnelovani politikuri reformebi warmatebas aRwevs an warumateblobisTvisaa ganwiruli politi-kuri da ara teqnikuri mosazrebebis gamo;

3. erovnuli/regionuli/municipaluri Zalauflebis ganawilebis mowyoba ufro efeqturia, rodesac Za-lauflebis gadacemis pirobebi molaparakebis saga-nia da ZaliT Tavs moxveuli ar aris;

4. mTavroba, maswavleblebis profkavSirebi da aso-ciaciebi decentralizaciis procesis mxardamWerebi iqnebian, Tuki es institutebi gaiazreben reformis sargebels;

5. adgilobrivi iniciativa seriozulad izRudeba ma-Sin, rodesac ganaTlebis dafinanseba mTlianad damokidebulia centraluri mTavrobis biujetze;

6. warmatebuli decentralizaciis iniciativa moiTxovs Zlier liderebs, romlebic stabilurad arian xe-lisuflebaSi; stabiluroba mniSvnelovania, raTa maT SeZlon kargad dagegmili decentralizaciis gegmis ganxorcieleba;

7. upriania, Zalaufleba maSin gadaeces skolebs, munic-ipalitetebs Tu regionebs, rodesac isini garkveu-

24

li mzaobis tests Caabareben (mag. finansuri monaw-ileoba, treningi, Temis CarTuloba). es unda moxdes nabij-nabij. rekomendebuli araa yvela sferosa da institutis decentralizacia, miuxedavad imisa, arian Tu ara isini mzad amisaTvis;

8. decentralizaciis procesis ganxorcielebisas ga-naTlebis saministrom unda SeimuSaos instrumenti, romelic mas saSualebas miscems, Tavi daicvas mniS-vnelovani regionuli gansxvavebebisagan saganmana-Tleblo SesaZleblobebis, xarisxisa da akademiuri programebis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT;

9. adamianebi, romelTac aqvT mniSvnelovani menejer-uli gamocdileba centralurad dagegmili sagan-manaTleblo sistemis SemTxvevaSi, naklebad sasurve-li kandidatebi arian decentralizebuli sistemis samarTavad;

10. sistemis decentralizaciis Sedegad moswavleTa testis qulebi, riTac xSirad zomaven ganaTlebis xarisxs, SesaZloa marTlac gaizardos; Tumca, imis gamo, rom arsebobs uamravi socio-ekonomikuri da organizaciuli cvladi, rasac SeiZleba es cvlileba gamowevia, albaT, ar aris gamarTlebuli am cvli-lebis decentralizaciis procesze miwera.

msoflio bankis maswavleblebis profesiasTan dakav-Sirebuli saerTaSoriso SedarebiTi kvlevis Tanaxmad, mas-wavleblebis korpusis marTvis decentralizacia yvelaze efeqturad muSaobs im qveynebSi, sadac ganaTlebis sistema ukve gamarTulia (Gaynor, 1998).

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi skolebis avtonomiis mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli programebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb monaceme-bi ixileT cxril 1-Si.

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cxrili1: uaxlesi kvlevebi skolebis avtonomiis Sesaxeb. wyaro Bruns,

Filmer, Patrinos 2011

saxelmwifo programa wlebi Sedegebi

1 kenia damatebiTi maswavleblebis

programa

2006-08

1. moswavleebis Sede-gebis zrda;

2. maswavleblebis gacdenebis Semci-reba;

3. skolis mitovebis maCveneblis mcire cvlileba.

2 nepaliTemis mxardaWer-

is programa2007-09

1. skolis miRma dar-Cenili moswavleebis raodenobis Semci-reba;

2. klasSi CarCenis Sem-cireba;

3. klasSi gadasvlis maCveneblis zrda;

4. Tanabrobis zrda (dabali kastis wevrebis Sedegebis zrda).

3 pakistani

arasamTavrobo organizaciebis skolis marTvaSi

CarTva

2004-08

1. aranairi gavlena CarTulobaze, maswav-leblebis gacdenebze an infrastruq-turaze;

2. sabWoebSi Car-Tulebis raodenobis zrda

26

4 indoneziaskolis bazaze

marTva2007-08

1. swavlis Sedegebis gaumjobeseba;

2. skolebSi arCevnebis efeqtis zrda;

3. mSobliuri enisa da maTematikis mimar-TulebiT Sedegebis zrda.

5 meqsika AGE 125 2007-10

1. pirvel klasSi Car-Tulobis zrda;

2. skolidan gadinebis Semcireba;

3. mesame klasSi pro-gramis meore wlis ganmavlobaSi wig-nierebis Sedegebis zrda.

6 hondurasi PROHECO 1999

1. mcire cvlilebebi skolis mitovebis maCvenebelSi;

2. aranairi efeqti te-stirebis maCveneble-bze.

7el salva-

doriEDUCO 1991

1. kiTxvis qulebis gaumjobeseba;

2. gacdenebis Semci-reba;

3. moswavleebis sko-lebSi darCenis alba-Tobis zrda.

8 meqsika AGE 1996

1. warumateblobis da klasSi CarCenis maCveneblis kleba;

2. aranairi efeqti skolis mitovebis maCvenebelze;

3. testirebis qulebis zrda.

27

9 nikaragua ASP 1991,93

1. deiure avtonomia - aranairi efeqti;

2. defaqto avtonomia - (daqiraveba/daTxov-naSi) testirebis Sedegebis zrda.

10 meqsika PEC 2001

1. skolis mitovebis maCveneblis kleba;

2. aranairi efeqti klasSi CarCenis maCvenebelze.

11 meqsika PEC-FIDE 2008-09

1. klasSi gadasvlis maCveneblis zrda;

2. testirebis Sedegebis zrda.

12 braziliadecentral-

izacia1982

1. CarCenisa da mito-vebis maCveneblis kleba;

2. aranairi efeqti testi-rebis maCveneblebze.

13 nikaragua ASP 1993testirebis qulebis

zrda

14el salva-

doriEDUCO 1996

testirebis qulebis zrda

15 filipinebiskolis bazaze

marTva2003-

mniSvnelovani, magram mcire zrda te-stirebis qulebSi.

16 kamboja EQUIP1998-2004

1. testirebis barieris gadalaxvis maCveneb-lis zrda;

2. skolis mitovebis maCveneblis Semci-reba;

3. miRwevebis zrda.

17 nigeriadecentralizacia (dekoncentracia,

delegacia)

1986-2006

1. miRwevebi ar gazrdila;

2. gamwvavda socialuri uTanasworoba.

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saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemaSi decentralizacis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganxorcielda. gasuli saukunis oTxmocdaa-Tian wlebSi gaCnda kerZo skolebi. e.w. saavtoro skolebma sakuTari, saxelmwifosgan garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli kurikulumis Seqmnis ufleba miiRes. dakanonda mSoblebis mier skolebis Tavisufali arCevani. oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis bolos Seiqmna alternatiuli saxelmZRvaneloebi, ramac skolebs SesaZlebloba misca, saganmanaTleblo resursebi garkveuli CarCoebis pirobebSi Tavad aerCiaT. amave dros, gaCnda arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da skolebis Tanam-Sromlobis praqtika.

mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi skolebis decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT 2004 wlis Semdeg moxda. am droidan siste-mis marTvis ZiriTadi principebi Seicvala. Seicvala dafi-nansebis, saswavlo gegmisa da resursebis marTvis, persona-lis SerCevis, daqiravebisa da gaSvebis wesebi. saxelmwifo organoebis uflebamosilebebi axleburad ganisazRvra. saqarTveloSi maRali xarisxis decentralizaciis sistema Seiqmna (Padeco., 2007).

Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom maRali xarisxis decen-tralizaciisken gadadgmuli politikuri nabijebi frTxil Sefasebas saWiroebs. mravali gadawyvetileba, amave dros, swored centralizaciis mimarTulebiT iqna miRebuli.

centralizaciis mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli nabijebi

2005 wels „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonis SemoRebis Semdeg, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi zogier-Ti im funqciis akumulireba moxda, rac manamde sxvadasxva saxelmwifo organois mier xorcieldeboda. Semcirda ad-gilobrivi xelisuflebis roli ganaTlebaSi (saqarTvelos kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, 2005).

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skolebs 2005 wlis kanonis cvlilebamde, ZiriTadad, adgilobrivi xelisufleba afinansebda. adgilobrivi xe-lisufleba sakuTari biujetis formirebas adgilobrivi SemosavlebiT da centraluri biujetidan axdenda. ad-gilobriv biujetSi gamoyofili iyo xarjebi socialuri servisebisTvis, romlis nawili skolebis dafinansebac iyo. centraluri biujetidan Tanxebis moTxovna ganaTlebis sa-ministros gverdis avliT xdeboda da, ZiriTadad, finansTa saministrosa da adgilobrivi xelisuflebas Soris arse-bul tranzaqcias warmoadgenda. 2005 wlidan adgilobrivi xelisuflebisa da finansTa saministros roli skolebis dafinansebis moculobis gansazRvraSi amovarda. skolebs ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro afinansebs pirda-piri wesiT, ZiriTadad, saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dad-genili moswavleebis raodenobaze dafuZnebuli formulis mixedviT.

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis roli Semcirda skolebis dafuZnebisa da marTvis sxva aspeqtSic. adgilobriv xe-lisuflebas CamoerTva skolebis daarsebis ufleba, rac maT gasuli saukunis oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis bolos hqon-daT (saqarTvelos kanoni „ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, 1997). isini aseve aRar monawileobdnen skolebis direqtorebisa Tu maswavleblebis SerCevisa da daniSvnis procesSi.

Semcirda centraluri xelisuflebis adgilobrivi or-ganoebis roli. saskolo olqebi da ganaTlebis raionuli ganyofilebebi, romlebic aseve monawileobdnen skolebis daarsebaSi, skolebis personalis SerCevaSi, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier finansebis kontrolsa da maTi mate-rialuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebSi - gauqmda. skolebis materialur-teqnikuri aRWurvis, finansuri monitoringis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebs centraluri xelisu-fleba iRebs. centraluri xelisuflebis adgilobrivi war-momadgenlebi, resurscentrebi, gadawyvetilebebs skolis funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebiT ar iReben. resurscentri ufro metad informaciis gamtaria da centraluri orga-

30

nos mier inicirebuli sxvadasxva procesis organizebaSia CarTuli.

2005 wlidan xarisxis marTvis instrumentebi centrali-zebuli xdeba. manamde saskolo olqebsa da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs hqondaT xarisxis marT-vis sakiTxebSi Carevis ufleba (saqarTvelos kanoni „ga-naTlebis Sesaxeb“, 1997). 2005 wlidan xarisxis marTva skolisa da centraluri xelisuflebis mier xorcieldeba (saqarTvelos kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, 2005). Se-muSavda skolebis avtorizaciisa da akreditaciis sistema, romelsac administrirebas ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centri uwevda. aseve SemuSvda da daiwyo e.w. brendirebis sistemis danergva, romlis mixedviTac skolebi erTian, centralizebulad dadgenil standartul skalaze fasde-boda. Camoyalibda aseve centraluli xelisuflebis mier saskolo sistemis Sedegebis kvlevis garkveuli CarCo, ro-melic adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Sedegebs efuZneba.

centralizebisken gadagmuli kidev erTi nabijia skolis atestatebis gacemis sistemis cvlileba 2010 wlidan. am droidan skolis mier moswavleebis Sefaseba aRar aris sakmarisi imisTvis, rom maT skolis damTavrebis damadas-turebeli sabuTi - atestati miiRon. maT centralizebu-lad administrirebad gamocdebze unda miiRon dadebiTi Sefasebebi. es procesi 2013 wlis zafxulSi SeCerda da, gegmis mixedviT, 2014 wels unda ganaxldes.

2010-2012 wlebSi centralizebisken gadadgmuli nabiji aseve iyo skolebSi centraluri xelisuflebis mier Ser-Ceuli da mas daqvemdebarebuli personalis gagzavna. man-daturis samsaxuris TanamSromlebis SerCeva, momzadeba, ganawileba, monitoringi da angariSvaldebuleba central-izebulad xorcieldeboda (gorgoZe da janaSia, 2012). ms-gavsi midgoma dainerga skolebis sainformacio teqnolo-giebis specialistebisa da iuristebis SemTxvevaSic.

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amave wlebSi sistemis centralizebis magaliTia skolebi-sTvis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis sakiTxebis central-izebuli marTva. skolebs daevalaT sazogadoebriv an sxva organizaciebTan da mediasTan urTierTobisas ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosgan nebarTvis miReba.

imave periodSi dainerga moswavleebis skolebSi reg-istrirebisa da skolidan skolaSi gadasvlis procesis centralizebulad regulirebis sistema. mSoblebi val-debulebi gaxdnen, bavSvis skolaSi Seyvanisas registra-cia centralizebulad, ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemis administrirebaSi CarTuli specialuri saagentos internetsaitis http://registration.emis.ge meSveobiT gaevloT. registraciis vadebi da pirobebi aseve centralizebulad, saxelmwifos mier dgindeba.

2010 wels maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnulma centrma daiwyo maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis momzadeba da SeTavazeba. am nabi-jiT centraluri xelisufleba maswavlebelTa kvalifika-ciis amaRlebis sistemaSi provaideris roliT dabrunda.

decentralizaciisken gadadgmuli nabijebi

yvelaze TvalsaCino nabijebi decentralizaciis gza-ze skolebis TviTmmarTvelobis gaZlierebas ukavSirdeba. sajaro skolebi Camoyalibdnen, rogorc damoukidebeli organizaciebi. isini dafuZndnen, rogorc sajaro samarT-lis iuridiuli pirebi. maT ganesazRvraT qoneba, romelic uzufruqtiT gadaecaT. skolebma gaxsnes sakuTari sabanko angariSebi (Padeco., 2007).

TiToeuli skola pasuxismgebeli gaxda, SromiTi da sa-kontraqto urTierTobebi daemyarebina sakuTar personal-Tan da gareSe pirebTan an organizaciebTan (saqarTvelos kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb’’, 2005). skolebi pa-suxismgeblebi gaxdnen sakuTari maswavleblebis, adminis-traciuli personalisa da direqciis arCevaze. saxelmwi-

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fos roli ufro metad finansuri normativebis (saxelfaso minimumebi, saStato ganrigi) dadgeniT, an sakvalifikacio moTxovnebis dadgeniTa da SemowmebT Semoifargla (direq-torebis kandidatebisa da maswavlebelTa sertificireba). saxelmwifo axdenda aseve SerCevis procesis reglamentire-basa da monitorings. mag. saxelmwifo acxadebs konkursebis vadebs (skolis direqtoris arCevis, sameurveo sabWos arCe-vis) da aseve dokumentirebis pirobebs. 2005 wlis reformis Semdeg skolas gauCnda sakuTari biujeti, romlis marT-vazec Tavad aris pasuxismgebeli. pasuxismgebloba skolis farglebSi nawildeba sameurveo sabWosa da skolis direq-cias Soris. sameurveo sabWos biujetis gansazRvris, mniS-vnelovani gadaxedvisa da monitoringis funqcia aqvs. di-reqcia biujetis operaciul marTvas axorcielebs (Padeco., 2007).

skolebs miecaT saswavlo gegmebisa da midgomebis modi-ficirebis SesaZlebloba. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixed-viT, saswavlo programis Sinaarsis mxolod nawili regu-lirdeba. skolebs aseve garkveul farglebSi saswavlo saaTebis modificirebis SesaZlebloba aqvT. aman skolebs sakuTari saganmanaTleblo profilis Seqmnis SesaZleblo-ba misca. wina sistemisgan gansxvavebiT, aRar aris saWiro specialuri saganmanaTleblo programebis centralize-bulad damtkiceba sxvadasxva profilis skolebisTvis, an amgvari profilis skolebis centralizebulad damtkiceba.

skolebis vauCeruli, ZiriTadad, moswavleebis raode-nobaze dafuZnebuli formuliT gaCnda sabazro principe-bze, momxmarebelze orientirebuli sistemis elementebi. skolebis nawili (iq, sadac konkurenciaa SesaZlebeli) dainteresda, rom moswavleebi sxvadasxva gziT, maT Soris, ukeTesi saskolo garemosa da saswavlo pirobebis xarjze miezida.

decentralizaciisken gadadgmul nabijad SeiZleba CaiTvalos kerZo skolebis mxardaWera. kerZo skolebic iRebdnen saxelmwifo dafinansebas (saqarTvelos kanoni

33

`zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, 2005). saxelmwifo aseve garkveuli masStabiT exmareboda kerZo skolebs infra-struqturis mowyobaSi, saxelmwifo skolebis optimiza-ciisa da SemdgomSi maTi Senobebis privatizaciis gziT.

sistemis dekoncentraciis da funqciebis delegirebis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovani iyo saxelmwifos mier pro-fesiuli procesebis politikuri organoebisgan gareSe saagentoebSi gatana. Seiqmna naxevrad damoukidebeli cen-trebi, romelTa funqciebi ZiriTadad xarisxis marTvis, maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTarebis, gamocdebis, in-formaciis marTvis, infrastruqturis ganviTarebis proce-sebs ukavSirdeboda. Seiqmna da SemdgomSi daixura saswav-lo gegmebisa da moswavleebis Sedegebis kvlevis funqciis mqone centri. amgvari saagentoebis SeqmniT, saxelmwifom daacila profesiuli saqmianoba politikur saqmianobas da SesaZlebeli gaxada politikuri cvlilebebis mimarT ufro mdgradi politikis ganxorcieleba.

sistemis ZiriTadi normatiuli maxasiaTeblebi

2005-2011 wlebSi kanonma `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicada decentralizacia/cen-tralizaciis mimarTulebiT. Tuki 2005 wels axali kanonis damtkicebiT aSkara iyo sistemis decentralizaciis mcde-loba sakanonmdeblo doneze, 6 wlian SualedSi perioduli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Sedegad, zedmetad central-izebuli zogadi saganmanaTleblo sistemis normatiuli CarCo miviReT.

2005 wels miRebuli kanoniT normatiulad uzrunve-lyofili iyo skolebis Camoyalibeba sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirebad, sameurveo sabWoebis Seqmna, direq-torebis arCeviToba, moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba, nax-evrad-avtonomiuri saagentoebis Seqmna, skolis finansuri da administraciuli damoukidebloba.

skola, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri,

34

ssip-is kanonis Tanaxmad, damoukideblad axorcielebs saqmianobas. meore mxriv, igi eqvemdebareba saxelmwifo kon-trols, rac gulisxmobs mis mier ganxorcielebuli saqmi-anobis kanonierebis, mizanSewonilobis, efeqtianobisa da finansur-ekonomikuri saqmianobis zedamxedvelobas (Tavi 4, muxli 11, punqti 1). saxelmwifos aseve aqvs ufleba, Sea-Ceros ssipis `aramarTlzomieri gadawyvetileba” (Tavi 4, muxli 11, punqti 3).

kanoni „sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb“ garkveul avtonomias aniWebs skolas mis adrindel statu-sTan SedarebiT, Tuca, miuxedavad amisa, skolas ar hqonia saSualeba, es uflebebi gamoeyenebina.

magaliTad, ssip-is kanonis Tanaxmad, misi dafinansebis wyaro SeiZleba iyos Senatanebi, magram skolas realurad ar hqonda saSualeba, mieRo Semowiruloba imis gamo, rom eSinodaT, es ar gamxdariyo skolis dasjis sababi. Semow-irulobebis miRebis formamac ki centralizebuli xasiaTi SeiZina. skolebma miiRes Semowirulebobebi kursdamTavre-bulebisgan, magram am RonisZiebas erTjeradi piar-aqciis xasiaTi hqonda da inicirebuli iyo saministros mier.

skolas aseve SeuZlia miiRos Semosavali ekonomikuri saqmianobidan da moaxmaros igi skolis miznebisa da fun-qciebis ganxorcielebas (muxli 51, kanoni zogadi gana-Tlebis Sesaxeb). Tumca, es SesaZleblobebic ZiriTadad gamouyenebeli rCeboda. kanonis mixedviT, qonebis gankarg-va unda moxdes saministros Tanxmobis safuZvelze (muxli 10, punqti 2, kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“). skolebi mxolod saxelmwifosaTvis prioritetuli saqmianobisaT-vis iTxovdnen am Tanxmobas (magaliTad, centralizebulad Catarebuli treningebisTvis farTis gamoyofa).

2008 wlidan kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebi ukve miuTiTebs imaze, rom sistemam nel-nela centralizaci-isken aiRo gezi. sameurveo sabWoebs da direqtorebs Seez-RudaT uflebebi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da ministris uflebebis gazrdis xarjze, Seicvala saxelm-

35

wifo kontrolis cneba (mSvenieraZe, 2011).ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2010 wlis 12 no-

embris N837 brZanebiT skolebs aekrZalaT ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros nebarTvis gareSe iurdiul da fizikur pirebTan SeTanxmeba skolebSi leqciebis, semin-arebisa Tu treningebis Catarebis mizniT.

aseTi survilis SemTxvevaSi, skola an servisis mimwode-beli fizikuri da iuridiuli piri valdebuli gaxda, Tanx-mobis misaRebad daewera gancxadeba, sadac aRwerili iqne-boda leqciis, treningisa Tu kvlevis Tematika. praqtikaSi Zalian iSviaTi iyo SemTxveva, rodesac moTxovnis safuZ-velze saministro Tanxmobas iZleoda aseT gancxadebebze.

problemebis analizi

am nawilSi SevecdebiT decentralizaciasTan dakavSire-buli problemebi warmogidginoT. Tavdapirvelad ganvixi-lavT skolebisa da saxelmwifos urTierTobis problemebs. SemdgomSi ganvixilavT saxelmwifos midgomebs sakuTari funqciebis dekoncentraciisa da delegirebis sakiTxebSi. bolos, problemebis sailustraciod, SemogTavazebT situ-aciur magaliTs.

skolebis avtonomia da maTi angariSgeba saxelmwifos winaSe

im qveynebSi, sadac skolebs resursebis ganawilebis, swavlebis meTodebis SerCevisa da Sefasebis sakiTxebSi meti avtonomia aqvT, isini pasuxismgebelni arian, sazogadoebas warudginon skolis miRwevebis Sesaxeb monacemebi. am sko-lebs ukeTesi Sedegebi aqvT dabali avtonomiis skolebTan SedarebiT, an im skolebTan SedarebiT, romlebsac aqvT avtonomia, magram ar gaaCniaT angariSgebis valdebuleba (PISA, 2011).

saqarTveloSi acdenaa saxelmwifos molodinebsa da

36

skolis normatiulad dadgenil uflebas Soris - da-moukideblad marTos resursebi. magaliTad, skolebs mas-wavleblebis damoukideblad SerCevisa da gaTavisuflebis ufleba aqvT, saxelmwifo ki xSirad xels uSlis maT am uflebis ganxorcielebaSi. es xSirad ukavSirdeboda amom-rCevlebis gaRizianebis SiSs, rasac maswavleblis samsax-uridan gaTavisufleba gamoiwvevda. amitom saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi arCevnebis dros skolis administracias “urCevdnen”, TanamSromlebis daTxovnisgan Tavi Seekavebi-naT.

meore gza, romliTac saxelmwifo normatiulad dadge-nili uflebamosilebis gadametebiT skolis mier persona-lis SerCevis uflebis ganxorcielebaSi ereoda - maTTvis konkretuli pirovnebebis TanamSromlebad ayvanis daval-debuleba iyo. magaliTad, skolis direqtorebis informa-ciiT, saxelmwifo araformalurad avaldebulebda skolebs sxvadasxva Tanamdebobaze aeyvanaT adgilobrivi xelisu-flebis mier gaTavisuflebuli kulturis ganyofilebis TanamSromlebi. aseve, saxelmwifo xSirad “sTavazobda” skolebs konkretul kandidaturas skolis direqtoris Tanamdebobaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonmdeblobiT skolis direqtoris movaleobis Sesruleba direqtoris gadayenebis an wasvlis SemTxvevaSi mis moadgiles SeeZlo, saxelmwifo iSviaTad utovebda am SesaZleblobas skolas da Tavad iRebda gadawyvetilebas am Tanamdebobaze misTvis sasurveli piris daniSvnis Taobaze.

saxelmwifo aseve ereoda saStato ganawilebaSi da damatebiTi personalis daqiravebaSi. im SemTxevaSic ki, rodesac skolebs damatebiTi personalis ayvanis SesaZle-bloba hqondaT, saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi saStato ganrigebis damtkicebisas skolebs “urCevdnen”, Tavi See-kavebinaT amgvari qmedebebisgan. aseve, iyo araformalize-buli miTiTebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogori unda yofiliyo maswavleblebis optimaluri raodenoba skolebSi.

skolebSi moswavleebis miRebisa da gadasvlis central-

37

izebuli meqanizmebis SemoRebiT, saxelmwifom usargeblo barierebi Seqmna maTTvis, visTvisac informacia am wesebis Sesaxeb naklebad iyo xelmisawvdomi. Tu mSobeli ver sarge-blobda internetiT, mas naklebi Sansebi hqonda, skolaSi Tavisi Svilebi droulad daeregistrirebina.

skolebis TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi

skolebis TviTmmarTvelobis qmedunarianobas skolebis biujetis simwire da am biujetis ZiriTadi nawilis sax-elmwifos mier dawesebuli normativebis mixedviT xar-jvis valdebuleba uSlis xels. vauCeruli dafinansebis umetesi nawili maswavleblebis xelfasebSi ixarjeba. es wili gansakuTrebiT maSin izrdeba, rodesac saxelmwifo mniSvnelovnad zrdis maswavleblebis minimaluri xelfa-sis odenobas, vauCeris moculobis zrdis gareSe. 2007-11 wlebis ganmavlobaSi skolebis didi nawili (TiTqmis 50%) sakuTar biujetSi Tanxebis deficits ganicdida. Sedegad, skolis TviTmmarTvelobas, anu konkretulad sameurveo sabWosa da direqcias, ar rCeboda sivrce biujetTan dakav-SirebiT raime realuri gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad.

radgan sameurveo sabWoebis erT-erTi mTavari funq-cia swored biujetis strategiuli dagegmvis da ganxor-cielebis zedamxedvelobaa, dabali saskolo biujeti am funqciis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas mniSvnelovnad amcirebs. Sesabamisad, sameurveo sabWoebis funqcias safuZveli ecleba. biujetis simcire, Tavis mxriv, amci-rebs skolis ganviTarebisa da mravalferovnebis zrdisTvis saWiro gadawyvetilebebis SesaZleblobas. es ki SesaZloa arTulebdes kompetenturi da motivirebuli mSoblebis an maswavleblebis mozidvas sameurveo sabWoebSi.

saxelmwifos mxridan regulaciebis xSiri cvlileba, araformaluri moTxovnebi, Tanxebis gadaricxvis sixSire, vauCeris gamoTvlis arsebuli wesi, romelic mgrZnobiarea bavSvebis raodenobis mimarT da iwvevs Semosavlebis mniS-

38

vnelovan cvlilebas, xels uSlis skolebs strategiul dagegmvaSi. skolebisTvis rTulia ara mxolod mraval-wliani, aramed erTi wlis gegmis SemuSavebac ki.

decentralizebuli sistemebis iseT qveynebSi danergvi-sas, romlebsac demokratiis mcire gamocdileba aqvT, xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac skolebis TviTmmarTveloba, monawileobiTi procesis danergvis nacvlad, skolaSi arse-bul elitebs emsaxureba (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). saqarTveloS-ic sameurveo sabWoebis nawili swored skolaSi arsebuli gavlenis mqone jgufebis mier sakuTari Zalauflebis gamt-kicebis instrumentad iqca. amis erT-erTi gamovlineba iyo is faqti, rom skolis direqtorebis pirveli arCevnebisas, skolebis nawilSi wardgenil yvela kandidats iwunebdnen (zogjer eqvsi kandidatic ki dauwunebiaT), arsebuli di-reqtoris SenarCunebis imediT.

direqtorebis pirveli arCevnebisas skolebis 47%-Si direqtorebis ar/ver SerCeva TviTmmarTvelobis uflebis ganxorcielebis dabali xarisxis erTgvari indikatoria (go-gliCiZe, 2010). es maCvenebeli ukavSirdeba konkursis dros saxelmwifos Carevas, rac gamoixateboda imgvari sakonkur-so pirobebis SemuSavebaSi, sadac winaswari prognozireba, Tu romel skolaSi moxvdeboda kandidati, mxolod konkus-rantTa 20%-s hqonda. garda amisa, saxelmwifo winaswar arCevda direqtorebs sasertifikacio gamocdisa da gasau-brebis safuZvelze. am pirobebSi, zogierT skolaSi direq-torobis kandidati saerTod aRar darCa saboloo etapisT-vis, rodesac TviTmmarTvelobebs gadawyvetilebebi unda mieRoT. problemaa is, rom 2007 wlis Semdeg direqtorebis gamWvirvale, organizebuli arCevnebi, sadac skolebs real-uri arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba eqnebodaT, jer ar Catarebula. 2013 wlis ivnisSi skolebSi Catarda sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi, xolo amave wlis agvistoSi Catarda di-reqtorTa sasertifikacio gamocdebi. ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis saministros gancxadebiT, direqtorebis arCevnebi

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2013 wlis bolomde unda dasruldes.ar aris mkafiod gansazRvruli skolis sxvadasxva rgo-

lis angariSvaldebulebis sqema. gansakuTrebiT probl-emuria skolis direqtorisa da sameurveo sabWos sakiTxi. saerTaSoriso praqtika da aseve qarTuli gamocdilebac aCvenebs, rom maRali motivaciisa da kompetenciebis mqone skolis direqtori skolaSi swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobe-sebis procesSi gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs. swored skolis direqtoris liderobis unarebzea damokidebuli skolaSi personalis motivireba, araprofesionalebis Secvla uke-TesebiT an maTi profesiuli zrda. skolebis direqtorebis motivirebis meqanizmebi saqarTveloSi rTuli sistemuri problemas winaSe dgas. erTi mxriv, isini skolis sameur-veo sabWoebis mier arian daqiravebulebi, meore mxriv ki, rogorc praqtika aCvenebs, direqtoris mimarT moTxovne-bi ufro metad saxelmwifos aqvs, vidre mis uSualo dam-saqmebels. swored es aris erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom sax-elmwifo xSirad ereva sameurveo sabWos kompetenciaSi da miuTiTebs mas direqtoris mier kanonis darRvevasa da misi dasjis aucileblobaze.

sameurveo sabWos wevrebs, gansakuTrebiT ki maswavleb-lebs, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, SeiZleba hqondeT sakuTari elitaruli poziciis SenarCunebis interesi. am pozicias ki SesaZloa swored arsebuli direqtori amyarebdes. direq-tors aqvs maswavleblebze zemoqmedebis berketi, ramdena-dac swored is udebs kontraqts maT (gogliCiZe, 2010). di-reqtori aseve monawileobs saaTebis ganawilebis procesSi, rac faqtobrivad maswavleblebis Semosavlebis marTvas niS-navs. amgvari sistema xels uSlis xelisuflebis danawilebas, wonasworobisa da Sekavebis principebis ganxorcielebas.

skolebis SesaZleblobebi

skolebSi arsebuli administraciuli personalis kompe-

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tencia yovelTvis ar yofnis maT winaSe arsebuli saWiroe-bebis efeqturad gadaWris amocanas. skolebis damoukideb-el organizaciebad Camoyalibebisa da maT winaSe arsebuli axali teqnikuri amocanebis gadaWris aucileblobis gaCenis Semdeg, skolebs mouwiaT im profesiis TanamSromlebis ay-vana, romlebic manamde skolaSi, Cveulebriv, ar muSaobdnen. aseTebia - Sesyidvebis, finansebis, iurdiuli sakiTxebis, adamianuri resursebis marTvis, informaciuli da sakomu-nikacio teqnologiebis, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis kom-petenciebis mqone adamianebi. qveyanaSi arsebuli mcire an, zog SemTxevaSi, geografiulad araTanabrad ganawilebuli adamianuri resursebis pirobebSi, yovelTvis SesaZlebeli ar aris Sesabamisi kompetenciis TanamSromlis daqiraveba. am problemis gadaWras aseve xels uSlis skolebis mcire Sesa-Zlebloba, xelfasis SeTavazebis TvalsazrisiT konkurencia gauwion kerZo an saxelmwifo seqtors, sadac am kompeten-ciebis mqone adamianebs SeuZliaT dasaqmdnen.

saxelmwifos mier bolo wlebSi gamoyenebulma midgomeb-ma SesaZloa garkveuli teqnikuri problemebis gadaWra moaxerxa, magram TavisTavad Seqmna axali tipis problema. imis nacvlad, rom saxelmwifos centralizebuli midgoma iq gamoeyenebina, sadac problema arsebobda, man amgvari Ca-reva yvela arsebuli skolis mimarT ganaxorciela. magali-Tad, iseT skolaSic, romelsac ukve hyavda usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis, informaciuli teqnologiebis specialis-ti an iuristi, xdeboda maTi Canacvleba saxelmwifos mier SerCeuli da SeTavazebuli piriT. es adamianebi faqto-brivad ar iyvnen angariSvaldebulni skolis mimarT. msgavs SemTxvevaSi aseve garTulda „garedan moyvanili“ pirebis saskolo TemSi maqsimaluri integrireba. Tu skolas hqon-da finansuri SesaZlebloba, ukmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, igi Zvel TanamSromelsac ugrZelebda kontraqts da axal-sac iRebda, rac iwvevda resursebis flangvas.

saxelmwifo xSirad politikuri dividendebis miRebiT

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ufro iyo dainteresebuli, vidre skolebis ganviTarebaze zrunviT. es midgoma Cans dafinansebis zrdis prioriteteb-Sic. saxelmwifo, skolebis dafinansebis momatebis SemTx-vevaSi, upiratesad zrdida maswavleblebis xelfasebs da praqtikulad ar uzrunvelyofda skolebis damoukideblad ganviTarebisTvis saWiro Tanxebis zrdas.

saxelmwifos xisti politika da mouqneli regulaciebi xels uSlida skolebs damoukidebeli Semosavlebis miReba-Sic. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros generaluri inspeqciis mier teqnikuri xarvezebis gamovlenisas, skolis direqtorebi xSir SemTxvevaSi kargavdnen Tanamdebobas. didi albaTobiT, amgvari xarvezebis arseboba gamowveuli iyo regulaciebis arasakmarisi sicxadiT da skolebis Sesa-Zleblobebis simciriT, rom iuridiuli sakiTxebi gamarTu-lad moegvarebinaT. skolebs ar hqondaT saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mxridan sakmarisi mxardaWera (Transparency In-ternational Georgia, 2010). xarvezebis sistemuri gamosworebi-sa da skolebis daxmarebis nacvlad administraciis dasja skolebs damoukidebeli iniciativebis wamoyenebis da ganx-orcielebis sapirispirod ganawyobs.

damoukidebeli wyaroebidan, maT Soris, mSoblebisgan Semowirulobebis miRebis SesaZleblobas amcirebda sax-elmwifos ori interesi. erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo daintere-sebuli iyo imiT, rom skolaSi finansebis naklebobis gamo moswavleebi ar daCagruliyvnen, rac xSirad xdeboda maSin, rodesac skolebSi mSoblebisgan fulis Segrovebis praqti-ka iyo gavrcelebuli. meore mxriv, saxelmwifos interesi iyo, rom potenciur amomrCevlebs saxelmwifosgan mitoveb-ulad ar egrZnoT Tavi. es ki maSin xdeba, rodesac mSoblebi Tvlian, rom saxelmwifo arasakmarisad afinansebs skolas da maT uwevT saxelmwifos valdebulebebis sakuTar Tavze aReba. swored amis gamo saxelmwifom sxvadasxva gziT (xis-ti kontroliT, sajaro gancxadebebiT Tu sxv.) aukrZala skolas mSoblebisgan Semowirulobebis miReba.

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xarisxis marTva

xarisxis marTvis ganmartebisas mis or aspeqts gamo-yofen: pirveli amowmebs, ramdenad Seesabameba saqmianoba da miRebuli produqtebi winaswar gansazRvrul stand-artsa Tu kriteriums. am aspeqts xelSesaxebi da Tvladi indikatorebi aqvs da misi gazomva/Semowmeba auditisa da angariSgebis farglebSia SesaZlebeli. meore ki orientire-bulia procesze da gulisxmobs gaumjobesebisTvis mudmiv zrunvasa da organizaciul transformacias. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi konkretul, martivad gazomvad indikatorebT-an gvaqvs saqme (skolis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba iyos gamosaS-vebi gamocdebis qulebi, sertificirebul maswavlebelTa raodenoba, saerTaSoriso kvlevis Sedegebi d.a.S.). meore SemTxvevaSi, indikatorebi ufro rTulad gasazomi da arax-elSesaxebia (magaliTad: ganviTarebaze zrunva, socialuri pasuxismgebloba).

zogjer xarisxis am ganmartebas transformaciuls uwo-deben. mas ukavSireben ara procedurebis miyolas, aramed iseTi lideris arsebobas, romelic axalisebs TanamSrom-lebis motivaciasa da survils, xarisxiani momsaxureba Ses-Tavazon sazogadoebas (Sallis 2002).

praqtikidan gamomdinare sistemis mowyobis Tu resursebis xarjvis TvalsazrisiT, horizontalurTan SedarebiT, saxelmwifo ufro metad dainteresebuli iyo vertikaluri angariSvaldebulebis ganviTarebiT. pro-cedurebze orientirebuli xarisxis Sefaseba ufro pri-otitetulia, vidre transformaciaze orientirebuli Sefaseba. aseve arasworad xdeboda e.w. rbili angariSval-debulebis instrumentebis SemuSaveba. am tipis instru-mentebs pirdapir raime sanqciebi ar unda hqondes mibmuli. saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi erT-erTi amgvari instrumenti sazogadoebisTvis skolis efeqturobis Sesaxeb informa-ciis miwodebaa. saxelmwifom bolo wlebSi cada msgavsi sistemis danergva, e.w. brendirebis SemoRebis meSveobiT.

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skolebis reitingebis gamoqveyneba TiTqos mSoblebs unda daxmareboda arCevanis gakeTebaSi, sistema ufro metad an-gariSvaldebuli unda gaexada sazogadoebis mimarT da Ses-aZlebloba gaeCina skolebis pozitiuri waxalisebisTvis.

brendirebis sistema dauxvewavi iyo ramdenime Tvalsaz-risiT. am sistemas sanqciebis sistema mieba, rac skolebis direqtorebis gaTavisuflebas gulisxmobda. es ki proble-mebis mqone skolis dasjas gulisxmobda, daxmarebis nacv-lad. saerTaSoriso praqtika da saqarTveloSi arsebuli informacia adasturebs, rom amgvar midgomas skolebis mier realuri Sedegebis gayalbeba an im moswavleebis Ta-vidan moSoreba mohyveba xolme, romlebsac yvelaze metad sWirdebaT daxmareba. saqstatis informaciiT, 2010-11 sas-wavlo wels sajaro skolis me-11 klasSi 43 213 moswavle iyo. 2011-12 saswavlo wels ki me-12 klasSi 35 374 moswavle dafiqsirda. anu, erT weliwadSi skolidan 7839 moswavle wavida. 2010 wels me-11 da me-12 klasSi 3 000-iT naklebi moswavle gadavida, 2011 wels - 5 000 moswavliT naklebi, 2012 wels - 8 000 moswavliT naklebi. anu imata im bavSvebis raodenobam, romlebic me-11 klass toveben. amis garda, ar iyo SemuSavebuli meqanizmi imisTvis, rom skolis reitings gaeTvaliswinebina moswavleebis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, rasac SeiZleba araTanabar mdgomareobaSi Caeyenebina skolebi Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT. skolis pa-suxismgeblobis araTanabar pirobebSi dayeneba araTanabari resursebis arsebobis pirobebSi Secdoma iyo. aseve Sec-doma iyo skolebSi mxolod raodenobrivi da ara Tviso-brivi monacemebis Segroveba.

xarisxis marTvis rbili meqanizmi, romlis ganviTareba-Sic sakmaod didi investiciebi Caido, praqtikulad gamouy-enebelia. xarisxis marTvis rbili meqanizmebia - sazoga-doebis, skolebisa da saxelmwifos mxridan moswavleebis Sedegebis kvlevebi. 2002 wlidan moyolebuli, saxelmwifo regularulad atarebs rogorc adgilobriv, aseve saer-TaSoriso kvlevebs moswavleebis miRwevebis dasadgenad.

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amgvari kvlevebia: erovnuli kvlevebi wignierebis, maTema-tikis, saskolo mzaobis Tu sxva mimarTulebebiT. 2006 wlidan saqarTvelo CarTuli iyo saerTaSoriso kvlevebSi TIMSS, PIRLS, PISA. 2012 wels ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis min-istris mier kvlevebSi monawileoba ramdenime TviT Seiz-Ruda. 2013 wlidan saqarTvelom kvlav ganaaxla saerTa-Soriso kvlevebSi monawileoba. praqtikulad ar xdeba am kvlevis Sedegebis gamoyeneba skolebis, farTo Tu profe-siuli sazogadoebis mobilizaciisa da gadawyvetilebebis formirebisTvis. 2010-2012 wlebSi Catarebuli mecxrek-laselTa erovnuli kvlevebis Sedegebi ki praqtikulad ar gamoqveynebula. adgilobrivi kvlevebis farglebSi Seg-rovebuli monacmebis meoradi damuSaveba garTulebulia, radgan kvlevebi Tavisuflad xelmisawvdomi ar aris aka-demiuri Tu profesiuli sazogadoebisTvis - maTi meoradi damuSavebis mizniT.

avtorizaciisa da akreditaciis procesi ar iyo dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli imgvarad, rom sazogadoe-bas skolis efeqturobis Sesaxeb maqsimaluri informacia mieRo. orive instrumenti ufro metad skolebis admin-istrirebis formalur process afasebs da ar emsaxureba skolebis ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis mo-grovebas, sakonsultacio servisebis miRebis an sazogadoe-brivi interesis gaRvivebis saqmes (Transparency International Georgia, 2010).

centralizebulad dawesebuli gamocdebisTvis, kerZod ki, testirebebisTvis maRali mniSvnelobis miniWebam gamoi-wvia erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sinaarsis arasasurveli standartizacia. Seiqmna e.w. birTvi programa, romelic programis Sinaarsis mniSvnelovan nawils (daaxloebiT 60%) gansazRvravda, rogorc savaldebulos. xolo danarCens ki TiTqos utovebda skolebsa da saxelmZRvaneloebis av-torebs. amgvarma midgomam gamoiwvia programebis saswav-lo Sinaarsis gadatvirTva, Seamcira saxelmZRvaneloebis variantuloba da skolis arCevani - Tavad gansazRvros is

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Sinaarsi, ris safuZvelzec, maTi azriT, optimaluri iqne-boda saerTo saswavlo miznebis miRweva.

centralizebuli gamocdebis SemoRebis kidev erTi arasasurveli Sedegia saswavlo procesis orientaciis Secvla farTo holisturi da aRmzrdelobiTi miznebis-gan ufro metad teqnikuri miznebis mimarTulebiT. bolo wlebSi am midgomas amZafrebda gamocdebis Sedegebis mixed-viT skolebis dasjisa da waxalisebis praqtikac. Sedegebis “gaumjobesebis” mizniT, maswavleblebisa da skolebis ad-ministraciis motivacia xSirad mTlianad testebisTvis momzadebaze an arasasurveli moswavleebis testebamde ar-miSvebazea orientirebuli, riTic xelovnurad izRudeba moswavleTa ufleba, gadavidnen swavlis Semdgom safex-urze.

swavlebis procesis xarisxis marTvis mimarTule-biT, Seiqmna maswavleblis standarti. maswavleblebis kvalifikaciis dasadastureblad dawesda konkretuli moTxovnebi, Sesabamisi ganaTleba da sertificireba. Tumca ucnobia, sertificirebis pirobebis bolodroindeli cv-lilebebi ramdenad uwyobs xels skolaSi ufro kvalifici-uri kadrebis Sesvlas da swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas (Tu 2007 wels kanonSi arsebuli Canaweris mixedviT, serti-ficirebaze gasvla SeeZlo mxolod maZiebels an erTwliani staJis mqone pirs, dRes yvelas SeuZlia gaiaros serti-ficireba).

amas garda, sertificirebis meqanizmi ver uzruvelyofs maswavleblis Semdgom profesiul zrdas imis gamo, rom qmeduunaroa karieruli zrdis da maswavlebelTa profe-siuli ganviTarebis sistema. ar arsebobs meqanizmi, risi saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia saswavlo procesis xarisxis marTva. es sakiTxi ZiriTadad skolebze da konkretuli direqtoris menejmentzea mindobili. maT ki ar gaaCniaT Sesabamisi motivacia an sakmarisi kompetencia msgavsi sis-temebis skolebis farglebSi asamuSaveblad.

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sistemis dekoncentracia da funqciebis delegireba

miuxedavad imisa, rom 2005 wlis Semdeg Seiqmna saagen-toebi1 imisTvis, rom Sinaarsobrivi da aseve zogierTi teqnikuri sakiTxebi politikuri organodan profesiuli organizaciebis kompetenciaSi gadasuliyo, sinamdvileSi saxelmwifos mier ar iyo sakmarisi zomebi miRebuli am saa-gentoebis ganviTarebisTvis. ar Seqmnila saagentoebis an-gariSvaldebulebis mkafio sistema, ar Camoyalibebula am saagentoebis xarisxis Sefasebis meqanizmebi. problemuri iyo saagentoebis sazogadoebis winaSe angariSvaldebulebis meqanizmebic. 2009 wlis Semdeg ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom Seumcira am saagentoebs damoukideblobis xarisxi. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris moadgile-ebi pirdapir marTavdnen maT nawils (ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema, xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centri).

am centrebis marTvis mkafio meqanizmebisa da moq-medebis wesebis ararsebobis pirobebSi, xSiri iyo poli-tikuri SekveTebis arasaTanado vadebSi ganxorcielebis moTxovnebi. magaliTad, aseTi iyo 2010 wels axali sa-gnebis: cekvis, msoflio kulturis, patriotuli aRzrdis SemoRebis politikuri SekveTebi. aseve, vadebi araadekva-turi iyo skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis momzadebis Tval-sazrisiTac. ararealisturi da naklebad xarjTefeqturi iyo SekveTebi maswavlebelTa saxlis funqcionirebis (mag. 24 saaTiani muSaoba da sxv.) TvalsazrisiT. marTvis gamar-Tuli meqanizmebis ararseboba, saqmianobis zrdisa Tu Sem-cirebis miuxedavad, iwvevda am centrebSi administraciuli biurokratiis arasaTanado zrdas. magaliTad 2009-2011 wlebSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda erovnuli saswavlo geg-mebisa da Sefasebis centris da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris administraciuli perso-

1 erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, erovnuli gamocdebis centri, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri d.a.S.

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nalis raodenoba.erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri gau-

qmda da misi funqciebi an sxva centrebSi, an saministros centralur aparatSi gadavida, riTac moxda saswavlo pro-cesisa da Sinaarsis gansazRvris procesis recentralize-ba. amgvarad, swavlebis Sinaarsze momuSave jgufebi poli-tikuri organoebisTvis damaxasiaTebel biurokratiul da partiul procesebs daeqvemdebara.

marTalia, adgilobrivi xelisufleba skolis infra-struqturis Tu swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaSi ar aris CarTuli, magram maTi warmomadgenlebi xSirad ereodnen skolebSi maswavleblebis an administraciuli personalis daqiraveba/daTxovnis sakiTxebSi. rodesac adgilobrivi biujeti skolebSi damatebiTi programebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda, adgilobriv xelisuflebas amisT-vis sakmarisi motivacia, xolo moqalaqeebs zemoqmedebis sakmarisi berketebi ar gaaCndaT. saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis valdebule-bebi skolebis marTvasa Tu daxmarebaSi minimaluria. marTa-lia, adgilobriv xelisuflebas hqonda ufleba, CarTuliyo skolebis gaumjobesebaSi, Tumca, es iSviaTad da ZiriTadad isev centraluri xelisuflebisa da ara adgilobrivi dain-teresebuli mxareebis miTiTebiT xdeboda xolme.

saxelmwifos centraluri aparatis, adgilobrivi resurscentrebis efeqturi funqcionireba erT-erTi mniS-vnelovani instrumenti unda yofiliyo dencentralize-bul sistemaSi. am organos ufro metad sakonsultacio da sainformacio funqciebi mieniWa. resurscentrebis Seqmnis pirvelive dReebidan ar arsebobda maTi skolebTan Tanam-Sromlobis procedurebi, xolo 2010-2012 wlebSi, saxelm-wifos mxridan pirdapiri SezRudvis safuZvelze, resur-scentrebi informacias skolebisTvis an skolebis Sesaxeb mxolod saministros centraluri aparatis gadawyvetile-biT avrcelebdnen. es xels uSlida damoukidebel orga-nizaciebs Tu mkvlevarebs skolebTan kontaqti swrafad da

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efeqturad daemyarebinaT. resurscentrebi xSirad iRebdnen davalebebs, romle-

bic aRemateboda an ewinaaRmdegeboda maT oficialur man-dats. magaliTad, rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, isini CarTule-bi iyvnen skolis mier personalis an resursebis SerCevaSi, zogadi politikuri saarCevno procesisTvis garkveuli RonisZiebebis momzadebaSi da sxv. amavdroulad, ar arse-bobs resurscentrebis saqmianobis Sefasebis sazogadoe-brivi instrumentebi.

dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTva

marTalia, 2005 wlis Semdeg ganaTlebis sistemaSi saba-zro principebis garkveuli elementebi Semovida, Tumca, maTi ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro pirobebi ar iyo sakma-risi iqac ki, sadac es pirobebi arsebobda da SeiZlebo-da, skolebis ganviTarebis safuZveli gamxdariyo. kerZod, rodesac saganmanaTleblo servisis momxmarebels aZlev arCevanis saSualebas, mas sWirdeba informacia imisTvis, rom gaazrebuli gadawyvetileba miiRos. es informacia ukavSirdeba ara mxolod servisebis xarisxs, aramed am servisis gaumjobesebisTvis an ukeTesi servisis miRebisT-vis saWiro procedurul codnasac. es ki mniSvnelovania konkurenciis arsebobisTvis, romelmac xarjebis Semcire-bas an/da xarisxis zrdas unda Seuwyos xeli (Levin & Belfield, 2003). amgvari informaciis wyaroebisa da xarisxis nakle-boba xels uSlis mSoblebs, gaazrebulad SearCion skolebi iq, sadac es arCevani arsebobs.

gansakuTrebulad problemuria es sakiTxi maSin, rode-sac gavacnobierebT, rom rac ufro naklebia mSoblis so-cialuri Tu finansuri kapitali, miT naklebia misi Ses-aZlebloba, amgvari informacia moipovos da gamoiyenos. es ki SesaZloa iwvevdes skolebis mixedviT moswavleebis segregacias (Levin & Belfield, 2003). mSoblebs, romlebmac ician maT skolaSi an mezobel skolebSi arsebuli mdgo-

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mareoba, skolaSi miRebisa da mobilobis procedurebi, meti SesaZlebloba da motivacia aqvT, sakuTari Svilebi ukeTes skolebSi Seiyvanon. Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia, rom sust skolaSi umetesad naklebi kapitalis mqone mSoblebis Svilebi darCnen. motivirebuli da kargi akademiuri mos-wrebis mqone Tanatolebis gadineba problemebs qmnis swav-lis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT. finansuradac skola wamge-bian viTarebaSia. gamodis, rom yvelaze nakleb sargebels amgvari, sabazro konkurenciaze dafuZnebuli sistemisgan iReben isini, visac yvelaze metad sWirdeba daxmareba. Sesa-bamisad - sistema usamarTlo da araefeqturia. Tuki steik-holderebis CarTva da maTTvis arCevanis miniWebis ufleba sistemis nawilia, maSin saxelmwifos kargad unda hqondes gaazrebuli, ra tipis arCevanis uflebis advokatireba qm-nis sistemaSi `mogebulebs“ da `wagebulebs“ da ra unda uz-runvelyos imisaTvis, rom segregacias Tavi avaridoT.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saxelmwifos mier dawesebuli regulaciebis mixedviT, skolebs daevalaT, rom mediasTan, kvleviT an sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan urTierToba mxolod ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros gavliT ewarmoebinaT. es amcirebs skolebSi samoqalaqo sazoga-doebisa da kvleviTi saqmianobis wvlilis SesaZleblobas da xels uSlis skolis ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovani in-teleqtualuri, finansuri Tu materialuri resursebis mozidvas.

damoukidebeli servisebis SezRudva

ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebisTvis, moqnilobisTvis da mdgradobisTvis problemuria saxelmwifos mier imgvari servisebis sakuTar Tavze aReba da centralizeba, risi ganxorcielebac SesaZlebeli iqneboda damoukidebeli provaiderebis mier. es TvalsaCinoa maswavleblebis kvali-fikaciis amaRlebis treningebis, saxelmZRvaneloebis war-moebisa da distribuciis sferoSi Carevis TvalsazrisiT.

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saxelmwifos CareviT xdeba servisebis standartizacia da mravalferovnebis SezRudva. produqtis ganviTareba damokidebulia ufro metad biurokratiul an politikur interesebze, vidre momxmareblis saWiroebaze. es ki xels uSlis momxmareblis kmayofilebas, xarisxis zrdasa da xarjebis Semcirebas. magaliTad, maswavlebels aqvs hipo-teTuri arCevani saxelmwifos mier Catarebul treningebsa da kerZo provaideris mier Catarebul treningebs Soris. sinamdvileSi, maswavleblebi sxvadasxva mizeziT (koniunq-turis, finansuri mogebis Tu administraciuli miTiTebis gamo) ufro metad saxelmwifos mier SeTavazebul trenings irCeven.

kerZo provaiderebi SeiZleba ufro moqnilebi iyvnen maswavleblebis konkretuli jgufebis saWiroebebis mimarT. trening-provaiderebs Soris konkurencia xels uwyobs servisebis gamravalferovnebas. maswavleblebic ufro gabedulad da Riad afaseben kerZo provaiderebs, vidre saxelmwifos mier SeTavazebul treningebs. kerZo trening-provaiderebi ufro naklebad arian mowyvladi maTi personalis xSiri cvlilebebis kuTxiT, rac saxelm-wifo dawesebulebebSi politikuri Tu biurokratiuli gundebis cvlilebebs ukavSirdeba. Sesabamisad, maswavle-blebis treningebis centralizebuli sistema xels uSlis kerZo seqtoris grZelvadian da mdgrad ganviTarebas.

msgavsi problemaa saxelmwifos mier saxelmZRvaneloe-bis warmoebisa da distribuciis procesebSi Careva. 2009-2012 wlebSi sawelmwifo Caeria saxelmZRvaneloebis beWd-vis, fasebis dadgenis da distribuciis sferoebSic, ramac gamoiwvia rogorc Seferxebebi sistemaSi, ise xarisxis kle-ba, sagamomcemlo saqmianobis ganviTarebis, sadistribucio servisebis ganviTarebis Seferxeba da, savaraudod, saxelmZ-Rvaneloebis nawilis gaZvirebac im momxmareblebisTvis, vi-sac saxelmwifo ar exmareboda. 2013 wlidan saxelmwifom praqtikulad TamaSgare viTarebaSi datova gamomcemlobe-bi da Tavad CaerTo saxelmZRvaneloebis warmoebis saqme-

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Si. amiT, erTi mxriv, safrTxe eqmneba saxelmZRvaneloebis warmoebis grZelvadian da mdgrad ganviTarebas da, meore mxriv, saxelmwifo iZens im funqciebs, rac saxelmwifo or-ganoebis mandats da kompetenciebs aRemateba.

situaciuri analizi

gTavazobT situaciis aRweras Tbilisis erT-erTi skolis direqtoris gaTavisuflebis faqtTan dakavSirebiT. es Sem-Txveva praqtikulad warmoaCens ramdenime problemas, rac zemoT iqna aRwerili. situacia ramdenime sakiTxs moicavs: ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros sameurveo sabWos saqmianobaSi uxeS Carevas, skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis direqtoris dasjis meqanizmad gamoyenebas, direqtorze pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas mxardaWeris gareSe, skolis administraciis sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli ojaxis wevrebis Seviwroebis mcdelobas, politikuri davalebebis Sesrulebis moTxovnas skolis direqtorebsaTvis d.a.S.

Tbilisis erTi sajaro skolis direqtoris gaTavisuflebis faqtis Sesaxeb

Tbilisis sajaro skolis sameurveo sabWom 2011 wlis 22 ivniss miiRo werili saministros Sida auditis departamen-tis ufrosisgan. departamentis ufrosi werilSi sameurveo sabWos mimarTavda, rom dauyovnebliv (24 saaTSi) ganexi-laT direqtoris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis sakiTxi. amis mizezad asaxelebda skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis Sede-gebs. gTavazobT amonarids werilidan:

`skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebiT ganxorcielda aram-arto konkretul skolaSi arsebuli moswavleebis codnis Sefaseba, aramed mogvca suraTi Tu ra RonisZiebebi gaata-ra zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis direqtorma imisaTvis, rom aemaRlebina moswavleTa akademiuri done, ra doneze

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iqna Sesrulebuli erovnul saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi da skolisaTvis kanonmdeblobiT dakisrebuli amocanebi.

2011 wlis skolis gamosaSvebma gamocdebma ssip q. Tbili-sis sajaro skolaSi aCvena rom moswavleTa miRebuli Sede-gebi ver pasuxobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT dadgenil moTxovnebs, direqtoris mier ar iqna gatarebuli saTa-nado RonisZiebebi skolaze kanonmdeblobiT dakisrebuli zemoTxsenebuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad.~

sameurveo sabWos wevrebi daemorCilen saministros da maTi survilis winaaRmdeg (rogorc qvemoT Cans) miiRes gadawyvetileba direqtoris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Taobaze, warmoadgines oqmi da ukve 27 ivniss skolaSi mov-ida brZaneba direqtoris registraciis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.

skolis sameurveo sabWos sxdomis oqmSi arc erTi mo-sazreba ar aris dafiqsirebuli, romelic direqtoris gaTavisuflebas dauWerda mxars. sabWos Tavmjdomare ar iziarebs im faqts, rom skolaSi swavlebis xarisxis uzrun-velsayofad ar iyo sakmarisi pirobebi. mSoblebic da sxva wevrebic ar eTanxmebian werilSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs. miuxedavad amisa, faruli kenWisyris Sedegad direqtoris gaTavisuflebis gadawyvetilebas 7 momxre da 2 mowinaaR-mdege hyavda.ratom miiRo sabWom es gadawyvetileba, roca sabWos oqmSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi da gadawyvetileba urTierTgamomricxavia? gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom imis miuxedavad, ra gadawyvetilebas miiRebda sabWo, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministrs hqon-da ufleba (2009 wels kanonSi Setanili cvlilebis Tanax-mad), Seewyvita direqtoris uflebamosileba. garda amisa, saministros aseve SeeZlo gafrTxilebis gareSe daeTxova sameurveo sabWo.

sameurveo sabWo, marTalia, daemorCila saministros miTiTebas, magram im imediT, rom samarTlianoba aRdgebo-da, werili misweres ministr d. SaSkins (werils xels awers

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sameurveo sabWos 8 wevri). werilSi sabWos wevrebi aRniS-naven, rom isini `Sokirebuli“iyvnen 22 ivniss miRebuli we-riliT, vinaidan gamosaSvebi gamocdebis Sedegebi ar iyo gansakuTrebiT cudi (saSualo qula 7.1, 1 CaWrili da 5 dabalquliani), garda amisa, imave Sedegebis mqone direq-torebis sakiTxi an ar damdgara, an SeCerda.

werilSi aseve naTqvamia, rom skolaSi manamde mivlenil monitoringis jgufebs ar miuciaT skolisTvis SeniSvna (saswavlo procesis buRalteria, saqmis warmoeba, sisuf-Tavis Semowmeba); moTxrobilia direqtoris mcdeloba, gaeumjobesebina saswavlo Sedegebi, Caetarebina treninge-bi; saubaria agvistos omis dros devnilebisTvis aRmoCe-nili mxardaWeris Sesaxeb d.a.S. sabWos wevrebi sinanuliT weren, Tu rogor `gaagdes“ direqtori.

skolaSi dainiSna axali direqtori, Zveli direqtoris wasvlidan 2 TveSi skolas mieniWa 8 varskvlavi (savaraudod, Zveli direqtoris mier momzadebuli dokumentaciiT).

es yvelaferi miuTiTebs imaze, rom gaTavisuflebis realuri mizezi ar iyo gamocdis Sedegebi. direqtori, sa-varaudod, sxva ramisaTvis `daisaja“. sameurveo sabWo ki, moCvnebiTi decentralizaciis pirobebSi, `dasjis“ meqaniz-mad iqca.

is, Tu realurad ratom gaaTavisufles direqtori, am etapze mxolod SegviZlia vivaraudoT. ministr SaSkinis was-vlis Semdeg skolis direqtori samarTlianobis aRdgenis moTxovniT werils swers ministr giorgi margvelaSvils, sadac saubrobs misi gaTavisuflebis savaraudo mizezze: saministros brZanebebis Seusrulebloba yovelgvari gan-sjis gareSe.

rogorc werilidan irkveva, direqtorma gaaprotesta orTaWalaSi mdebare skolis didgoris resurscentrisTvis mikuTvneba, aseve moiTxova 2010-11 wels garemontebuli fizkulturis darbazis xarisxis gadamowmeba, ris gareSec

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ar awerda xels miReba-Cabarebis aqts. 2010-11 wels direq-tors SeuTanxmebloba hqonda mandaturTan: mandaturis rekomendaciiT gasaricxi moswavle daicva da, rogorc Ta-vad ambobs, `garicxvas gadaarCina“.

skolaSi axali direqtoris misvlis Semdeg, miuxedavad survilisa, igi direqtorma ar datova skolaSi maswavle-blad. arc erTi skola ar iRebda pedagogad, araTu sas-wavlo nawilad an direqtorad. amaze saubrobs direqtori Tavis werilSi da aqve pirvelad axsenebs arCevnebis dros micemul specialur davalebas, romelic, savaraudod, aseve gaxda misi `dasjis“ mizezi.

`nacmoZraobis qveda rgolis warmomadgenlebi afrTx-ilebdnen direqtorebs partiis saxeliT: ar miiRoT, ar gariskoT, mainc gaTavsuflebulia da CvenTvis arakeTil-saimedod iTvlebao. mokled, keTrovanad vigrZeni Tavi.... arasaimedoobis mizezi ki, albaT, gaxda wina arCevnebis dros eqstremaluri davaleba, romelic ar Sevasrule, aman ki gaanawyenaT Zalian: risi SegeSinda, ra urisko xaro. wels, albaT, sul ar gamovadgebodi....“

sameurveo sabWos mier ministr SaSkinisadmi miweril werilSi Cans, rom direqtorma ar gaaprotesta gaTavisu-fleba da TanamSromlebs Tavad amSvidebda `albaT, ase iyo saWiroo”. rogorc Cans, am dros igi ojaxis sxva wevris usafrTxoebazec fiqrobda da amis sababic hqonda.

`Cemi dumilis mTavari mizezi iyo ufrosi gogona, ro-melic sajaro samsaxurSi muSaobs da Cveni ojaxis mTavari marCenalia. swored masze araerTxel mimaniSnes `kulturu-lad“, isev iq muSaobso“, - vkiTlxulobT direqtoris wer-ilSi, sadac igi sTxovs ministr margvelaSvils, `Rirsebis aRdgenaSi“ daexmaros.

amJamad yofili direqtori erT-erT skolaSi muSaobs maswavleblad, Tumca imedovnebs, rom kvlav SeZlebs Tavisi gamocdilebis gamoyenebas administraciul Tanamdebobaze.

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problemebis gadaWris alternativebi

am dokumentSi SemoTavazebuli problemebis gadaWris meqanizmebi efuZneba Semdeg midgomebs:a) adgilobrivi gamocdilebis, SesaZleblobebis, miznebisa

da sirTuleebis analizs. am midgomis mixedviT, mniS-vnelovania, rom SemoTavazebuli meqanizmebi Seesabam-ebodes adgilobrivi miznebis gadaWras realurad ar-sebuli problemebis, momavalSi SesaZlo garTulebebis prognozirebis gziT.

b) saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswineba. decentral-izaciis mimarTulebiT msoflioSi mravalferovani gamoc-dilebaa dagrovili. am gamocdilebis Seswavlis mizani ar aris “saukeTeso praqtikis” gadmoReba. aseT dros mravali problema iCens xolme Tavs. imis gam, rom ar xdeba adgil-obrivi, kulturuli, politikuri, instituciuri Tu sxva konteqstis gaTvaliswineba, aqtorebisTvis naklebad gas-agebi da misaRebia SemuSavebuli midgomebi. amgvari zeda-piruli midgoma xSirad iwvevs problemebis gamogonebas, SesaZlo gadawyvetilebebis miRebis motiviT.

g) SemoTavazebuli instrumentebis an midgomebis gaTval-iswineba gadawyvetilebebis mimRebebs SeuZliaT rogorc cal-calke, ise erToblivad. SemoTavazebuli alterna-tivebi urTierTgamomricxavi ar aris. saukeTeso SemTx-vevaSi isini kompleqsurad dainergeba.

d) SemoTavazebuli instrumentebi da midgomebi ar imuSavebs maTi erTianad, erTsa da imave dros danerg-vis mcdelobisas. maTi danergvis strategia unda iyos frTxili. sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva instrumentis dan-ergvas mniSvnelovani informaciuli, finansuri da sxva tipis mxardaWera sWirdeba.

e) SemoTavazebuli midgomebi da problemis gadaWris gzebi efuZneba arsebuli mocemulobis gaumjobesebas gana-Tlebis xarisxis, ekonomikuri efeqturobis an/da de-mokratiuli kriteriumis TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad

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amisa, SesaZloa zogierTi midgomis danergva gulisxmob-des damatebiT finansur danaxarjs ganaTlebis ukeTesi xarisxis an meti demokratiulobis mimarTulebiT.

v) SemoTavazebuli midgomebis danergva warmatebuli iqneba mxolod farTo monawileobiTi procesis SemTxvevaSi. Tu instrumentebis danergvis gegmis SemuSavebisa da ganx-orcielebis procesSi CarTuli iqneba steikholderebis farTo speqtri (skolis personali, centraluri da ad-gilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, arasamTav-robo organizaciebi, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawese-bulebebi, sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi, media da sxv), maSin meti safuZveli iarsebebs maTi warmatebisTvis.

z) decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT SemoTavazebuli nabije-bi ar warmoadgens mizans. sistemis decentalizaciis al-ternativebi ZiriTadad ganixileba rogorc swavlis uke-Tesi Sedegebis miRwevis saSualeba - marTvis efeqturobisa da sistemis demokratiulobis xarisxis zrdis Sedegad.

T) SemoTavazebuli instrumentebisa da midgomebis danerg-va ar aris gaTvlili myisier Sedegebze. am midgomebis danergvis Sedegebi mravalwliani praqtikis, ganxor-cielebis procesSi maTi daxvewis safuZvelzea misaRwevi.

i) SemoTavazebuli instrumentebi da midgomebi efuZneba ganaTlebis mecnierebebis farglebSi kvlevebis safuZ-velze dagrovil codnas.

k) zogierTi midgomis warmateba damokidebulia qveynis politikur (teritoriul, administraciul, finansur da sxv.) mowyobaze. Sesabamisad, gadawyvetilebebis mim-RebebisTvis mniSvnelovani iqneba maTi ganxilva saqarT-velos saxelmwifos ganviTarebis miznebisa da strate-giis WrilSi.

l) SemoTavazebuli midgomebi da instrumentebi efuZneba rwmenas, rom skolis miznebis SemuSaveba, misi efeqturo-bis zrda, Sefaseba, garemos gaumjobeseba da mxardaWera ara mxolod saxelmwifo organoebis, aramed farTo sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis nawilia.

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avtonomia da angariSgeba

mniSvnelovania, rom skolebs mieceT realuri avto-nomia, romelic garantirebuli iqneba kanonmdeblobiT. Tumca, aseve ar unda arsebobdes saSiSroeba, rom kanon-mdeblobiT uzrunvelyofili uflebiT sargeblobis Sem-TxvevaSi, SesaZloa, skola savalalo Sedegamde mivides - daisajos saxelmwifos mier an gamoucdelobis gamo, an araefeqturad gamoiyenos miniWebuli uflebebi da amiT av-nos moswavleebs.

amis miRweva SesaZlebelia, Tuki: 1. avtonomiasTan erTad skolas eqneba angariSgebis

valdebuleba;

2. gamartivdeba kanonmdebloba;

3. saxelmwifo SeiZens skolis mxardamWeris rols da moiSorebs skolis damsjelis rols.

saWiroa, SemuSavdes skolis angariSgebis meqanizmebi ro-gorc saxelmwifos, aseve sazogadoebis winaSe. angariSgeba unda moxdes winaswar SemuSavebuli indikatorebis safuZ-velze. ormxrivi angariSgeba uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis informirebas skolis miRwevebis Sesaxeb.

kanonmdeblobis gamartiveba xels Seuwyobs skolebis mier avtonomiis realurad gamoyenebas. rTuli proce-durebis ganxorcielebisas yovelTvis aris Secdomebis maRali riski, rac skolis administraciebSi damoukide-beli iniciativebis mimarT uaryofiT damokidebulebas iwvevs. Tuki SemuSavdeba sarekomendacio xasiaTis wesebi da procedurebi, es skolebs Tavisuflad moqmedebas gau-advilebs. aseTi sarekomendacio xasiaTi SeiZleba hqondes saaTebis ganawilebas, maswavleblebis samsaxurSi ayvanas, klasis damrigeblis saqmianobas, moswavleTa daswrebisa da aRricxvis formas, Sefasebis sistemas d.a.S.

saxelmwifom unda aiRos skolis mxardamWeris funqcia. skolas unda hqondes saSualeba, garkveul SemTxvevebSi

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mimarTos daxmarebisaTvis saxelmwifos, Tuki mas ar Seu-Zlia, damoukideblad ganaxorcielos esa Tu is procedu-ra. saxelmwifos roli unda iyos ara skolis dasja cudi SedegebisaTvis, aramed misi daxmareba saWiro resursebiT, raTa gaaumjobesos Sedegebi.

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi

mkafiod unda ganisazRvros skolaSi mmarTvelobis sx-vadasxva rgols Soris arsebuli angariSvaldebuleba. gaT-valiswinebuli unda iyos egreT wodebuli balansisa da Se-kavebis principi, raTa piradma interesebma ar imoqmedos skolis interesebis sazianod.

skolis biujeti TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs unda aZlevdes saSualebas, saxsrebi maTi skolis konkretuli saWiroebebis mixedviT gaiRon. ar unda moxdes maswavleb-lis xelfasis zrda skolebis dafinansebis, vauCeris mocu-lobis zrdis gareSe.

saxelmwifom xeli unda Seuwyos sakonsultacio ser-visebis arsebobas, rac TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs daex-mareba efeqtur marTvaSi. aseTi servisebi SesaZloa uzrun-velyon resurscentrebmac.

sasurvelia, rom skolis TviTmmarTvelobaSi, saxelm-wifos mier daniSnuli warmomadgenlis nacvlad, skolis kursdamTavrebuls an adgilobrivi sazogadoebis warmo-madgenels hqondes monawileobis ufleba.

adgilobrivi TviTmmarveloba ufro metad unda Caer-Tos skolis saqmianobaSi. maT, sasurvelia, SeeZloT skolis daarseba, aseve infrastruqturuli sakiTxebis mogvareba.

xarisxis marTva

avtorizaciisa da akreditaciis sistema unda gaxdes skolis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli. skolebs, romlebic

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ver aRweven sasurvel Sedegs, an ar akmayofileben Sesabamis standarts, unda hqondeT xarvezis gamosworebis dro, an mieniWoT droebiTi avtorizacia. saxelmwifoSi unda arse-bobdes programebi, romlebic daexmareba skolas xarvez-is gamosworebasa da avtorizaciis miRebaSi. akreditacia unda moxdes gamWvirvaled da unda moicavdes rogorc ra-odenobriv, aseve Tvisebriv maCveneblebs. skola unda Sefa-sedes holisturad, Sefasebis komponentebi SesaZloa iyos moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa gamokiTxva.

unda Seicvalos brendirebis sistema. Tuki reitingis sistema iarsebebs, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos moswavleTa socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. aseve, es sistema ar unda iqces skolebis dasjis meqanizmad.

mniSvnelovania, rom Semcirdes gamosaSvebi gamocdebis mniSvneloba. gamosaSvebi gamocdebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetile-ba unda miiRos skolam da asaxos skolis SinaganawesSi. Tu skolas damoukideblad ar SeuZlia gamosaSvebi gamocdebis Catareba, SesaZloa daxmarebisTvis mimarTos im saagentoebs an saxelmwifo organizaciebs, romlebsac aqvT gamocdebis mozadebisa da administrirebis gamocdileba.

swavla-swavlebis procesis xarisxis marTvis xelSewyobis mizniT, unda amuSavdes saxelmwifo programebi, romlebic daexmareba skolebs, es servisi ganaviTaron skolis doneze.

SesaZleblobebis gazrda skolebisaTvis

skolis SesaZleblobebis gazrda saxelmwifos SeuZlia profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebiT (rogorc adminis-traciisa da teqnikuri personalisTvis, aseve maswavle-blebisaTvis), sagranto konkursebiT, saskolo qselebis amoqmedebiT.

unda gaizardos skolebis dafinanseba. saxelmwifos unda hqondes mzaoba, rom skolebs gamouyos Tanxebi konkretuli mimarTulebis gasaviTareblad. sasurvelia saskolo sagranto sistemebis amuSaveba.

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aseve, skolas unda mieces saSualeba, hqondes sakuTari Semosavlebi. am Semosavlebis marTva mimarTuli unda iyos skolis ganviTarebaze, Tumca ar unda iyos SezRuduli imgvari saxelmwifo regulaciebiT, rac xels uSlis skolis administracias mis droul gankargvaSi.

arCevanis arseboba gazrdis skolis moqnilobas da mis SesaZleblobebs: magaliTad, Tu skolas SeuZlia Sesyidvebi Tavad ganaxorcielos, mas unda hqondes amis saSualeba. akreditaciis procesma skolis es SesaZleblobac unda Seamowmos.. meore mxriv, Tu skolas sxvadasxva mizezis gamo (ar hyavs Sesyidvebis specialisti, iuristi) ar aqvs Sesyidvebis damoukideblad ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba, am tipis skolebs saxelmwifo unda daexmaros Sesyidvebis ganxorcielebaSi. SesaZlebelia, es funqcia SeiTavsos ga-naTlebisa da mecnierebis saminitros teritoriulma or-ganom - saganmanaTleblo resurscentrma.

dekoncentracia da delegireba

maSin, roca saxelmwifo Tavisi funqciebis delegirebas mimarTavs, iseve, rogorc skolebis SemTxvevaSi, saminis-tros teritoriuli organoebisa da damoukidebeli saagen-toebisaTvisac aucilebelia angariSvaldebulebis mkafio sistemis Camoyalibeba saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis wi-naSe. saministros teritoriulma organoebma da saagentoe-bma yovelwliuri angariSi unda warudginon saxelmwifos da sazogadoebas, sadac aseve gawerili iqneba maTi biujeti da gaweuli xarjebi. ganxorcielebuli saqmianobebi, miRw-evebi da gamowvevebi, samomavlo gegmebi.

unda arsebobdes am organoebis xarisxis Semowmebis meqa-nizmi. SesaZloa ganaTlebis sferoSi CarTul saagentoebs hy-avdeT sazogadoebrivi sameTvalyureo sabWoebi, romlebic, sxva funqciebTan erTad, monawileobas miiReben saagentos biujetis SeTanxmebasa da am saagentoebis xelmZRvanelebis SerCevaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, gacilebiT rTuli iqneba, es or-

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ganizaciebi saxelmwifos biurokratiul danamatad iqcnen da xSir SemTxvevaSi politikuri SekveTebi brmad Seasrulon.

dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTva

unda gaizardos skolis saqmianobaSi mSoblebisa da adg-ilobrivi mmarTveli organoebis CarTuloba. amis miRwevis erT-erTi gzaa skolis TviTmarTvelobisTvis funqciebis gazrda da maTi funqcionirebisTvis mxardasaWeri progr-amebisa da sagranto proeqtebis arseboba.

aseve mniSvnelovania, rom gaizardos informaciis xelmi-sawvdomoba: SesaZlebelia saxelmwifos mier agregirebul informaciaze arsebobdes ori saxis wvdoma: erTi kvlevebis CamtareblebisaTvis (maSin, rodesac SesaZloa monacemTa bazebi sensitiur monacemebs moicavdes) da meore - saja-rod xelmisawvdomi informacia.

mTavaria, xelovnurad ar unda SeizRudos skolisa da sazogadoebis urTierTkavSiri; skolebSi unda waxalisdes saganmanaTleblo kvlevebi, raTa politikosebma miiRon in-formirebuli, kvlevaze dafuZnebuli gadawyvetilebebi.

damoukidebeli servisebi

saxelmwifom unda moaxdinos im garkveuli servisebis decentralizacia, rasac konkurentuli garemos pirobebSi damoukidebeli provaiderebi mudmivad mzardi xarisxiTa da xelmisawvdomobis gziT ganaxorcieleben.

maswavlebelTa treningebis didi nawili sasurvelia iyos decentralizebuli, saxelmwifom daitovos mxolod garkveuli miznobrivi treningebis Catarebis valdebuleba, saxelmwifo programebis saWiroebidan gamomdinare.

aseve mniSvnelovania saxelmZRvaneloebis gamocemisa da distribuciis procesis decentralizacia.

saxelmwifom unda Seafasos am servisebis xarisxi akred-itaciisa da Sefasebis sxva instrumentebis gamoyenebiT.

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bibliografia

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2. Benavot, A., & Resh, N. (2003). Educational governance, school autonomy, and curriculum implementation: A comparative study of Arab and Jewish schools in Israel.Journal of Curriculum Stud-ies, 35(2), 171 <last_page> 196.doi:10.1080/0022027022000022856

3. Bruns, B., Filmer, D., & Patrinos, H. A. (2011). Making schools work: New evidence on accountability reforms World Bank Publications.

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5. Dewey, J. (2004). Democracy and education Dover Publica-tions.

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7. Gaynor, C. (1998). Decentralization of Education: Teacher Management. Washington: The International Bank for Recon-struction and Development/The World Bank

8. Gellner, E., & Breuilly, J. (2008). Nations and nationalism Cor-nell University Press.

9. Geo-Jaja M. (2006) Educational Decentralization, Public Spend-ing and Social Justice in Nigeria. Review of Education. 52: 125-148

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ticipation. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 58(1), 25-52.

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15. Hanushek, E. A., Link, S., & Woessmann, L. (2012). Does school autonomy make sense everywhere? Panel estimates from PISA. Journal of Development Economics,

16. Heyneman, S. P. (2003).The history and problems in the mak-ing of education policy at the World Bank 1960–2000.Inter-national Journal of Educational Development, 23(3), 315-337.

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18. McGinn, N., & Welsh, T. (1999). Decentralization of education: why, when, what and how? Unesco.

19. OECD (2011). PISA in Focus (2011). Retrieved 12.13.13. from

http://www.oecd.org/pisa/48910490.pdf

20. Padeco. (2007). ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da gan-mtkicebis proeqti “iliaWavWavaZis” Sefaseba. Tbilisi.

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21. Sallis E. (2002) Total Quality Management in Education. Lon-don: Kogan Page

22. Transparency International Georgia. (2010). mieces Tavi-sufleba saqarTvelos skolebs? Sefaseba: gazarda Tu ara decentralizaciam sazogadoebis winaSe qarTuli skolebis angariSvaldebuleba. Tbilisi: Transparency International Georgia.

23. World Bank. (2004). World Development Report 2004: Mak-ing services work for poor people. Washington D.C.: World Bank.

24. gogliCiZe, a. (2010).saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis mdgomareobisa da marTvis analizi. Tbilisi: Policy and Management Consulting Group.

25. gorgoZe, s, janaSia, s. (2012).politikisdokumenti - us-afrTxo skola. bavSvze orientirebuli skolisgzamkv-levi.Tbilisi: samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti.

26. mSvenieraZe g. (2011). ̀ usafrTxo skola da saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba”, usafrTxo skola sazogadoe-bis Tanamonawileobis gareSe. Tbilisi: samoqalaqo gan-viTarebis instituti

27. saqarTvelos kanoni „ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, (1997).

28. saqarTvelos kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, (2005).

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sajaro skolebis decentralizebuli marTveis Sefaseba

Sesavali

zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis masStaburi reformireba saqarTveloSi 2001 wlidan daiwyo. am mimarTulebiT pirve-li nabijebi gadaidga „saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis“ msoflio bankis proeqtis amo-qmedebiT, Tumca sistemaSi Zireuli gardaqmnebis aqtiuri faza 2004 wlidan, “vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom iwyeba. 2005 wels miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni „zogadi gana-Tlebis Sesaxeb“, romelSic aisaxa xedva da midgomebi sa-jaro skolis decentralizaciisa da angariSvaldebulebis mimarT. reformis Sedegad Seicvala ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis, dafinansebisa da xarisxis marTvis modelebi.

reformebis erT-erTi mTavari mimarTuleba iyo ga-naTlebis sistemis decentralizacia. gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uflebamosilebam zeda donidan qveda doneebze gadainacvla. am mizniT, 2004-2007 wlebSi ganaTlebis samin-istrom daafuZna sxvadasxva sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri: erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, gamocdebis erovnuli centri, maswavlebelTa profesi-uli ganviTarebis centri, akreditaciis erovnuli centri. Seiqmna ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros terito-riuli organo - saganmanaTleblo resurscentri. swored saganmanaTleblo resurscentrsa da axlad dafuZnebul centrebs gadaecaT reformis calkeuli komponentebis marTvis funqcia.

„zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonis moTxovnebis mixed-viT, skolebi dafuZndnen sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirebad. skolebma gaxsnes piradi angariSebi bankSi. uZravi qoneba - Senobebi da miwis farTobi - skolebs gadaecaT uvado da usasyidlo uzurfruqtis xelSekrulebiT (go-gliCiZe, 2010, p. 3). reformis Sedegad skolebis pirdapiri

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saxelmwifo dafinanseba moswavleze gaTvlili vauCeruli dafinansebiT Seicvala. vauCeruli dafinansebis siste-mis danergvis erT-erTi mizani skolebs Soris jansaRi konkurenciis gaCena iyo. 2005 wels miRebuli modeli ax-denda vauCeris Rirebulebis diferenciacias qalaqis (220 lari), soflis/dabis (330 lari) da maRalmTiani dasaxle-buli punqtebis (396 lari) skolebis mixedviT. es sistema skolas met avtonomias aniWebda da decentralizaciisken gadadgmuli kidev erTi nabiji iyo. axalma modelma finan-sebis ganawilebis principic metnaklebad demokratiuli da samarTliani gaxada.

reformis Sedegad, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis ad-ministraciul da finansur avtonomias gansazRvravs skolis TviTmmarTveloba, romlis subieqtebi skolaSi arian: sameurveo sabWo, direqcia, pedagogiuri sabWo, moswavle-Ta TviTmmarTveloba, disciplinuri komiteti da saapela-cio komiteti. decentralizebuli marTvis am subieqtebi-dan yvelaze didi roli skolebSi demokratiuli marTvis principebis uzrunvelyofis nawilSi sameurveo sabWoebs daekisraT. sameurveo sabWo arCeviTi organoa. pirvandeli sameurveo sabWo Sedgeboda mSoblebis, pedagogebisa da mo-swavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebisgan. kanonis dRevandeli redaqciiT, „adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organo uflebamosilia, sameurveo sabWoSi daniSnos erTi wevri“, aseve „saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros ufleba aqvs, wargzavnos warmomadgeneli sa-TaTbiro xmis uflebiT“. sameurveo sabWos ekisreba skolis direqtoris arCevis da daTxovnis, skolis biujetis da skolis Sinaganawesis damtkicebis funqcia. sabWo aseve Tanxmobas ganacxadebs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansaz-Rvruli, grifminiWebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis gamoyeneba-ze; aseve pedagogiuri sabWos mier SemuSavebul saskolo saswavlo gegmaze. sameurveo sabWo amtkicebs disciplinur komitets, romelic skolis sazogadoebis mier disciplin-uri gadacdomebis sakiTxebs ganixilavs.

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sameurveo sabWos Seqmna SesaZlebelia Sefasdes decen-tralizaciis mimarTulebiT gadadgmul mniSvnelovan nabi-jad. sameurveo sabWos Seqmnis idea efuZneboda sxvadasxva ganviTarebuli qveynis magaliTs da miiCneoda skolebis erTpirovnuli mmarTvelobisa da gamefebuli subieqtiv-izmis moSlis, efeqturi marTvis sawindrad. sameurveo sabWos models unda uzrunveleyo angariSvaldebulebis sistemis ganviTareba, rac gulisxmobda skolis marTvis procesSi yvela dainteresebuli mxaris CarTvas. marTvis efeqturobis gazrdisaTvis centralur mTavrobas rCe-boda politikis gansazRvris, ZiriTadi standartebis da CarCos gansazRvra; xolo skolebs ufleba eZleodaT, Ta-vad ganesazRvraT, rogor miaRwevdnen dasaxul miznebs. ax-lad Seqmnil sameurveo sabWos wevrebs 2006-2007 saswavlo wels pirveli treningebi CautardaT. am periodis Semdeg masStaburi xasiaTi sameurveo sabWos gadamzadebas ar hqo-nia. 2009 wels ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi, romlebic gulisxmobda saministros warmomadgenlisa da adgilobri-vi TviTmmarTvelobis wevrTa Seyvanas sameurveo sabWoSi, aseve ministrisaTvis uflebamosilebis miniWebas - daeTxo-va sameurveo sabWo da direqtori, sxvadasxva organizaciisa da eqspertis mier Sefasda, rogorc decentralizaciidan „ukan gadadgmuli nabiji“ (gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelo, 2009). oficialur pirTa sameurveo sabWos wevrad Seyvanis faqts ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da saqarT-velos parlamentis ganaTlebis komitetis mxridan argu-mentad „informaciis gacvlis gaumjobeseba“ da „sameurveo sabWos wevrebis mxridan sakuTari movaleobebis arcodna“ daedo (gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelo, 2009).

kvlevis mizani

aRniSnuli kvleva emsaxureba sajaro skolebis decen-tralizebuli marTvis Sefasebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom skolebis efeqturi marTvis misaRwevad mravali faqtoria

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gasaTvaliswinebeli, skolis avtonomiurad marTvis mTa-vari berketis - sameurveo sabWoebis - muSaobis Sefasebam arsebobis eqvswliani gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Sesa-Zloa, naTeli gaxados decentralizaciis problematika. Sesabamisad, swored sameurveo sabWoebis kvleva gaxda amo-savali wertili skolebSi decentralizebuli marTvis Ses-afaseblad. imisaTvis, rom sakvlevi sakiTxis Sesaxeb sruli suraTi migveRo, skolis administracia, sameurveo sabWos wevrebTan erTad, aseve warmoadgenda kvlevis erT-erT samizne jgufs.

kvlevis meTodologia da ganxorcieleba:

kvleva Catarda Tbilissa da baTumSi. skolebis Ses-arCevad gamoyenebul iqna ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis sa-ministros ssip ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemis sajaro skolebis monacemTa baza.

gamoyenebul iqna stratificirebuli SemTxveviTi Ser-Ceva.

cvladad gamoyenebulia: geografiuli mdebareoba, mo-swavleTa kontingenti, maswavlebelTa raodenoba, skolis tipologia, skolis fizikuri mdgomareoba.

kvlevis masStabidan gamomdinare, skolebis raodenoba ganisazRvra proporciulad: 8 sajaro skola TbilisSi, 2 sajaro skola baTumSi.

kvlevis dawyebis momentisaTvis aRmoCnda, rom TbilisSi SerCeuli sajaro skolebidan or skolaSi saerTod ar fun-qcionirebda sameurveo sabWo, Sesabamisad, moxda am ori skolis sxva ori skoliT Canacvleba. rac Seexeba pirvan-deli SerCeviT identificirebul skolebs, mkvlevarebis mier Catarda interviuebi im mizezebis dasadgenad, Tu ra faqtorebma gamoiwvia aRniSnul skolebSi sameurveo sabWos daSla; ramdenad SeuSala aman xeli skolis funqcionire-bas; rogori iyo samizne jgufis wevrTa damokidebulebebi.

kvleva Seicavs Tvisebriv da raodenobriv komponents.

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Tvisebrivi komponenti: problemebis dadgenis, indika-torebis gamoyofis da kvlevis saerTo dizainisaTvis Cat-arda interviuebi ganaTlebis eqspertebTan, skolebis ad-ministraciasa da sameurveo sabWoebis wamomadgenlebTan. Seswavlili iqna arsebuli kvlevebi.

raodenobrivi komponentis farglebSi mogrovda mo-nacemebi Semdegi samizne jgufebisgan: sameurveo sabWos wevri maswavleblebi, skolis sameurveo sabWos wevri mSo-blebi, sameurveo sabWos wevri moswavleebi da skolis ad-ministracia.

kvlevis instrumenti

kvlevaSi gamoyenebul iqna winaswar SemuSavebuli kiTx-vari, romelsac SerCeul skolebSi Catarebamde gauke-Tda pilotireba kvlevis proeqtSi aramonawile erT-erT skolaSi. kiTxvarebi damuSavda, modificirda da gamzadda SerCeuli skolebisaTvis. drois simcirisa da skolebis daZabuli grafikis gamo, mkvlevarebs imave dRes mohqon-daT Sevsebuli kiTxvarebi. Catarda pirispir interviuebi; yuradReba mieqca im skolebs, romlebic gamoirCeodnen gansakuTrebuli praqtikiT (igulisxmeba daZabuli urT-ierTobebi; skolebi, sadac ar funqcionirebda sameurveo sabWo). mkvlevarebi mudmivad akvirdebodnen process da aRwerdnen informacias kvlevaSi monawileobisTvis sameur-veo sabWoebis wevrTa motivaciis, sameurveo sabWos wevrTa an/da administraciasa da sameurveo sabWos wevrebs Soris urTierTobis Sesaxeb. sameurveo sabWos wevr mSoblebTan, romlebmac ver SeZles skolaSi mosvla kiTxvarebis Ses-avsebad, Catarda satelefono interviuebi.

kiTxvarebi damuSavda, gaukeTda kodireba da gaanal-izda. aseve gaanalizda satelefono interviuebi da mkvl-evarebis mier procesze dakvirvebis Sedegad dabrunebuli informacia.

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kvlevis struqtura

warmodgenili angariSi Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisagan:1. saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi praqtika 2.monacemebi da misi analizi 3. ZiriTadi mignebebi da daskvnebi 4.rekomendaciebi

zogadi komentarebi

1. SesamCnevi iyo SerCeuli skolebis administraciis mxridan TanamSromlobisTvis gamoxatuli mzaoba. satele-fono saubris Semdeg dadginda sameurveo sabWoebTan Sex-vedris grafikebi. arc erT skolas mkvlevarebis skolaSi SeSvebaze uari ar ganucxadebia, im skolebis CaTvliT, sa-dac sameurveo sabWo aRar funqcionirebda an/da iyo Se-darebiT daZabuli situacia.

2. kvlevis mcire masStabis miuxedavad, mis administrire-bas dagegmilze meti dro dasWirda sxvadasxva faqtoris gamo: a) sakiTxis kompleqsuroba; b) ukanskneli ramodenime wlis manZilze dagrovili praqtikis, arastabilurobis, miznobrivi jgufebis motivaciisa da interesebis arahomogenuroba; g) sas-wavlo wlis dasasruli: skolebSi igegmeboda skolis gamosaS-vebi gamocdebi da sxva damasrulebeli aqtivobebi, ris gamoc SeuZlebeli gaxda fokus jgufebis Catareba; d) ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier gavrcelebuli informacia sameurveo sabWoebis daSlisa da sanacvlod saskolo olqebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, - am faqtorma gaaZnela sabWos mobilizeba skolebSi. e) saministros mier kvlevis administrirebis pro-cesSi “sameurveo sabWoebis arCevnebis“ Sesaxeb informaciis oficialurad gamocxadeba da, Sesabamisad, skolebis saarCev-no reJimSi gadasvla (Tumca, am gadawyvetilebam saSualeba mogvca, davkvirvebodiT, rogor emzadeboda zogierTi skola sameurveo sabWos arCevnebisaTvis, rac kvlevis dasawyisasT-vis gansazRvruli ar iyo).

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saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi praqtikis mimoxilva

ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciisken mimimarTu-li reformebis aqtiuri ganxorcieleba msoflios mraval qveyanaSi me-20 saukunis 80-iani wlebidan iwyeba. saqarT-velos ganaTlebis sistemaSi 2004 wlidan ganxorcielebuli reformebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba swored gana-Tlebis sistemis decentralizacia iyo.

msoflioSi decentralizaciisadmi interesi ZiriTadad ganpirobebuli iyo politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri da teqnikuri faqtorebiT (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 11). decentralizacia gulisxmobs marTvaSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze uflebamosilebis gadacemas organizaciuli ier-arqiis zeda donidan qveda doneebze. decentralizaciisak-en swrafvas safuZvlad daedo imis aRiareba, rom naklebad centralizebuli sistemis institutebi ufro efeqturia; rom adgilobriv mmarTvelobiT organoebsa da adgilo-briv Tems ufro efeqturad SeuZlia sakuTari interesebis gansazRvra da marTva;

gamoyofen decentralizaciis sam formas:1. dekoncentracia - decentralizaciis yvelaze sus-

ti formaa. gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uflebamosileba ga-nawilebulia imave centraluri organizaciis qveda an re-gionul doneebze.

2. uflebamosilebis delegireba - ufro Zlieri for-maa. gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze uflebamosileba gadae-cema naxevrad avtonomiur erTeulebs, romlebic srulad ar kontroldeba centraluri organizaciis mier, magram, saboloo jamSi, angariSvaldebulni arian mis winaSe.

3. devolucia - yvelaze Zlieri formaa. gadawyvetile-bebis miRebaze uflebamosileba mTlianad avtonomiur or-ganizaciebs gadaecema (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 10-11).

ganaTlebis sitemis decentralizacia msoflios mra-val qveyanaSi gavrcelebuli tendenciaa. mniSvnelovania

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ganaTlebis sferoSi axali iniciativebis ganxorcielebisas saerTaSoriso praqtikis mimoxilva, raTa ukeTesad moxdes ama Tu im politikis ganxorcielebis riskebis Tavidan ac-ileba. poloneTma da avstraliam SeZles centralizebuli sistemidan decentralizebul sistemaze gadasvla sameur-veo sabWoebis SeqmniT, adgilobrivi resursebis gaZliere-biTa da dafinansebis formulaSi moswavleTa raodenobis mTavar indikatorad gamosaxvis gziT.

sagulisxmoa poloneTis midgoma decentralizaciisad-mi. poloneTs aqvs sruliad decentralizebuli ganaTlebis sistema, sadac pasuxismgebloba dawyebiT da saSualo ga-naTlebaze adgilobriv xelisuflebas ekisreba. central-uri xelisufleba aris samarTlebrivad pasuxismgebeli, uzrunvelyos ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba da ganaTlebis dafinanseba. poloneTSi saskolo sabWoebi Sedgeba faruli kenWisyriT arCeuli Tanabari raodenobis maswavlebelebisa da mSoblebisgan. meore safexuris skolebis (Lower Secondary Schools) sabWoSi SesaZlebelia arCeuli iyos moswavleebis warmomadgeneli (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2010, 435).

sainteresoa avstraliis gamocdilebis mimoxilva, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom es qveyana saerTaSoriso SefasebebiT mowinave adgils inarCunebs moswavleTa miR-wevebis mxriv. ganvixiloT viqtoriis Statis magaliTi, romelsac qveyanaSi sididiT meore ganaTlebis sistema aqvs. viqtoriaSi 1970 wels dawyebuli ganaTlebis decentral-izaciis reformis mniSvnelovani nawili iyo saskolo sab-Woebis Camoyalibeba. sabWoebSi pasuxismgebloba Tanabrad gadanawilda mSoblebze, maswavleblebsa da Temze, sabWoSi wevrebis raodenoba ki 6-dan 15-mde meryeobs. saskolo sab-Wo weliwadis ganmavlobaSi minimum 8-jer mainc unda Sei-kribos da Sexvedris xanrZlivoba 2,5 saaTs ar unda aRe-matebodes.

saxelmwifo standartebis moTxovnis dacviT, saskolo sabWo SeimuSavebs da amtkicebs skolis mokle- da grZel-

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vadian strategiul da wliur gegmas, romlis farglebSic moqmedebs skolis administraciuli da pedagogiuri per-sonali. aseve, skolis sabWos aqvs ufleba, garkveuli va-diT (araumetes 1 wlisa) samsaxurSi aiyvanos maswavlebeli, marTos skolis finansebi da moiZios damatebiTi finansuri resursebi. weliwadSi erTxel, kerZod ki, 31 marts skolebi mSoblebisTvis da saskolo TemisTvis aqveyneben wliur an-gariSs, romelic Tavdapirvelad saskolo sabWos sxdomaze ixileba. zemoT aRniSnuli angariSi sajaro dokumentia, romelic Seicavs momavli wlis skolis finansur saqmiano-bas da ganviTarebis strategiul gegmas. Sesabamisad, viq-toriis Statis sajaro skolebis mmarTvelobiT procesSi wamyvani roli uWiravT saskolo sabWoebs, romlebic sas-kolo sazogadoebasTan aqtiuri TanamSromlobiT cdilo-ben warmatebis miRwevas.

axali zelandia kidev erTi warmatebuli zogadi ga-naTlebis sistemis mqone qveyanaa, romelic decentral-izaciis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva. 1989 wels miRebuli „ganaTlebis aqtis“ safuZvelze, skolebSi Seiqmna arCevi-Ti organo - skolis sameurveo sabWo. aRniSnuli sabWoebi uflebamosilni arian, dagegmon da marTon skolis poli-tika da biujeti, miiRon gadawyvetilebebi skolis per-sonalTan dakavSirebiT. 90-ian wlebSi dawyebuli refor-mis mizani iyo gadawyvetilebis miRebis uflebamosilebis delegireba saskolo sazogadoebaze, mSoblebisa da Te-mis aqtiuri CarTva skolis marTvaSi. sameurveo sabWoebis wevrebis umravlesobas mSoblebis mier arCeuli sxva mSo-blebi warmoadgenen. sameurveo sabWo gansazRvravs skolis Rirebulebebs da grZelvadian strategiul gegmas (3-5 wlamde). avstraliis msgavsad, axali zelandiis skolebic warudgenen farTo sazogadoebas yovelwliur angariSs, romelSic strategiuli gegmiT gansazRvruli miznebis Sesrulebis procesia aRwerili. dResdReobiT axal zelan-dias yvelaze metad decentralizebuli zogadi ganaTlebis sistema aqvs, rac aisaxeba kidec saerTaSoriso SefasebebSi.

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saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebisas, 2004-2008 wlebSi, mravali pozitiuri nabiji gadaidga de-centralizaciis mimarTulebiT. reformebis Sedegad miRe-bul iqna decentralizaciis e.w. devoluciuri tipi, sadac centraluri xelisufleba, ZiriTadad, ganaTlebis poli-tikis, regulaciebisa da standartebis gansazRvris fun-qcias asrulebda (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 14). gaizarda skolebis pasuxismgebloba da angariSvaldebuleba sazoga-doebis winaSe. ucxoeli partniorebis mxardaWeriT, kerZod ki amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTa-rebis saagentos daxmarebiT, ganxorcielda proeqti ,,gana-Tlebis sistemis decentralizacia da akreditacia“, rom-lis farglebSic momzadda treningebi skolis mmarTveli subieqtebis gadamzadebis mizniT (mosiaSvili, 2012, p. 6).

sameurveo sabWoebis saqmianobis regulacia moaxdina 2005 wels miRebulma saqarTvelos kanonma „zogadi gana-Tlebis Sesaxeb“. am kanonis 37-e muxlis mixedviT, sameur-veo sabWo Sedgeba mSoblebisa da pedagogiuri sabWos mier Tanabari raodenobiT, sami wliT arCeuli aranakleb eqv-si da araumetes Tormeti warmomadgenlisagan, saSualo safexuris moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mier arCeuli erTi warmomadgenlisagan da saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier daniSnuli erTi wevrisagan (saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT). sagulisxmoa, rom 2009 wlis cv-lilebebamde ganaTlebis saministros warmomadgeneli ar sargeblobda saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT. rac Seexeba adgil-obrivi TviTmmarTvelobis monawileobas sabWos muSaobaSi, isini aseve arian uflebamosilni, wargzavnon warmomadgene-li sabWoSi arasaTaTbiro xmis uflebiT. kanonis dRevan-deli redaqciiT, skolis sameurveo sabWoSi SesaZlebelia Sediodes „dadasturebuli qvelmoqmedic“, Tumca, skolebi am uflebas naklebad iyeneben. sameurveo sabWos wevrebis arCeva xdeba 3 weliwadSi erTxel, erTsa da imave dRes mTeli qveynis masStabiT. „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ saqa-rTvelos kanonis mixedviT, arCevnebi tardeba Tanasworo-

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bis safuZvelze, faruli kenWisyriT, gamWvirvalobisa da safexurebis mixedviT moswavleTa mSoblebis Tanabari war-momadgenlobis principebis dacviT (gamWvirvaloba saqarT-velo, 2009).

sameurveo sabWoebi, moqmedi kanonis mixedviT, ufle-bamosilni arian, siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT air-Cion skolis direqtori, daamtkicon biujeti da skolis Sinaganawesi. aseve maT kompetenciaSi Sedis skolis prior-itetebisa da strategiis gansazRvra, saskolo saswavlo gegmisa da wlis ganmavlobaSi gamosayenebeli saxelmZR-vaneloebis damtkiceba. sameurveo sabWo ikribeba saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi minimum 3-jer mainc, rogorc wesi, yove-li mesamedis dasawyisSi.

2009 wlis Semdeg, “zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb” saqarT-velos kanoniT ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi da dakvirve-ba gvaZlevs imis daSvebis SesaZleblobas, rom 2009 wlis Semdeg decentralizaciis xarisxi Sesustda ramodenime faqtoris gamo, maT Soris:

• skolis sameurveo sabWoSi saministros warmomad-genels SeuZlia. erTpirovnulad moiwvios sabWos riggareSes xdoma. kanoniT, sabWos wevrebs msgavsi sxdomis mosawyobad siiTi Semadgenlobis sul mcire 1/3-is Tanxmoba sWirdebaT.

• finansuri darRvevis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, adgi-lobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organos aqvs ufleba, mimarTos skolis sameurveo sabWos direqtorisTvis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis sakiTxis dayenebis wina-dadebiT, xolo sameurveo sabWos umoqmedobis Sem-TxvevaSi, mimarTos saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis saministros sameurveo sabWos daTxovnis an/da direqtorisaTvis uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewyvetis winadadebiT (kanonSi ar aris dakonkrete-buli, Tu ra saxis finansur darRvevazea saubari, rac badebs eWvs, rom cvlileba sameurveo sabWoe-

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bisa da skolis direqtorebis kontrolis damatebiT meqanizmad SeiZleba iqces).

“sameurveo sabWos” arsebobis istoriaSi, ramdenime Se-faseba gakeTda maTi muSaobis efeqturobis dasadgenad.

2007 wels Catarda ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqtis - „ilia WavWavaZis“ Sefaseba, romelSic sxva sakiTxebTan erTad ganxiluli iyo decen-tralizaciis procesis mimdinareoba da sameurveo sab-Woebis efeqturoba. aRniSnul kvlevaSi direqtorebi, pedagogebi da sameurveo sabWos wevrebi dadebiTad af-aseben sajaro skolebisTvis avtonomiurobis xarisxis zr-das. interviuebma da fokus-jgufebma aCvena, rom direq-torebisa da sabWos wevrebisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania gadawyvetilebis damoukidebelad miRebis SesaZlebloba, rac maT met pasuxismgeblobas da movaleobebs akisrebs skolis marTvisa da finansebis gankargvis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, aqve aRniSnaven, rom skolis sabWoebi bolomde mzad ar arian, miiRon damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebebi da swored es aris saskolo avtonomiis uaryofiTi mxare (Sa-piro, nakata da Caxaia 2007, 170). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kvlevis Catarebis momentisaTvis sameurveo sabWoebis fun-qcionireba mxolod erT saswavlo wels iTvlida (zogierT skolaSi sabWos dakompleqteba pirvel etapze ver moxda).

kvlevaSi, romelic decentralizaciis reformis mimdi-nareobas ganixilavda, direqtorebi da sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomareebi maT mier Sesrulebul samuSaos sakmaod dadebiTad afaseben (xuTbalian Skalaze 3.9), maSin rodesac mSoblebi da resurscentrebi maT SedarebiT dabal Sefase-bas aZleven (3.46 da 3.1) (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 34-35). sagulisxmoa, rom sameurveo sabWoebis muSaobas araefeq-turad an sruliad araefeqturad miiCnevs mSoblebis mx-olod 7%. es procenti ufro dabalia direqtorebis (4%) da sameurveo sabWoebis (1%) Sefasebebisas. mSoblebis az-riT, sameurveo sabWos araefeqturoba gamowveulia saqmis-admi gulgrili damokidebulebiT, organizaciuli niWis na-

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klebobiT da arakeTilsindisierebiT (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 35), maSin, roca direqtorebs muSaobis Semaferxebel faqtorad Sesabamisi codnisa da unar-Cvevebis ararseboba miaCniaT. sameurveo sabWoebis azriT, ki direqtoris mxri-dan zewola, saqmisadmi gulgrili damokidebuleba, ara-profesionalizmi, araanazRaurebadi Sroma da mSoblebSi interesis nakleboba iwvevs sameurveo sabWoebis arafeq-turobas (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 35).

2008 wlis kvlevis mixedviT, saskolo sazogadoebis gamokiTxvis Sedegad dadginda, rom decentralizaciis re-formis miznis dasaxeleba uWirT: mSoblebis daaxloebiT naxevars, sameurveo sabWoebis mexuTeds da direqtorebis TxuTmet procents. rac Seexeba resurscentrebs, gamok-iTxulTa 96%-s uadvildeba reformis miznis dasaxeleba. respondentebis azriT, decentralizaciis ZiriTad miznad moiazreba skolebis avtonomiurobis xarisxis gazrda. skolisTvis finansuri damoukideblobis miniWebis mizans xSirad asaxeleben sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomareebi da direqtorebi, mSoblebi ki mas iSviaTad axseneben. Tumca, mSoblebi xSirad asaxeleben ganaTlebis donis amaRlebas, rogorc decentralizaciis erT-erT umTavres mizans (af-xazava da bregvaZe 2008, 22).

„respondentebi iSviaTad aRiqvamen decentralizacias, rogorc skolebis individualuri saxis Camoyalibebis Ses-aZleblobas. arada, eqspertebis azriT, es decentraliza-ciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizania... mSoblebis pasuxebSi saerTod ar gvxvdeba skolebs Soris konkurenciis gazrda, rogorc decentralizaciis mizani. maSin rodesac, swored mSobeli iRebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu romel skolaSi wava misi Svilis vauCeri da igi unda iyos am konkurenciis gan-mapirobebeli“ (gogliCiZe 2010, 16-17).

2011 wels Catarebulma sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTx-vam aCvena, rom mosaxleobis 46% Zalian warmatebulad an warmatebulad miiCnevs sajaro kolebSi sameurveo sabWoe-bis institutis danergvas (ACT - analizisa da konsulta-

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ciis jgufi 2011, 11). aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom regionebSi aRniSnuli instituti ufro moswonT ( 64%), TbilisSi ki ufro skeptikuri damokidebuleba aqvT (42%) (ACT - ana-lizisa da konsultaciis jgufi 2011). kvlevis fargleb-Si gamokiTxul respondentTa umravlesobas miaCnia, rom skolis biujetis damtkiceba (65%) da saxelmZRvaneloe-bis SerCeva (76%) ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros kompetencia unda iyos (ACT - analizisa da konsultaciis jgufi 2011). maTi azriT, sajaro skola upiratesad an-gariSvaldebuli unda iyos ganaTlebis saministros winaSe (53%). sameurveo sabWo daasaxela gamokiTxulTa 16%-ma, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organo ki mxolod 4%-ma (ACT - analizisa da konsultaciis jgufi 2011). sameurveo sabWoebis mier Catarebul skolis direqtorebis arCevnebs warmatebulad an Zalian warmatebulad miiCnevs 40% (ACT - analizisa da konsultaciis jgufi 2011).

rogorc decentralizaciasTan dakavSirebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, zogadad reformisadmi damokidebuleba pozitiuria, Tumca sameurveo sabWos uflebamosileba da moqmedebis areali sakmaod SezRudulia. Tu decentral-izaciis da, maT Soris, sameurveo sabWoebis ganviTarebis dinamikas gadavxedavT, am institutis sisustis mizezi Ses-aZloa ukanasknel wlebSi sabWoebis uflebamosilebis Sez-Rudva da naklebi xelSewyoba iyos. kvlevebis mimoxilvam gviCvena, rom sajaro skolaSi sameurveo sabWo dRemde fun-qcionirebs, Tumca misi efeqturobis done saeWvoa da Sesa-Zloa Semoifarglebodes mxolod teqnikuri saxis samuS-aoebis SesrulebiT. am mosazrebas safuZvlad edeba winare Catarebuli kvlevebi da ganaTlebis specialistTa sajaro skolebTan muSaobis dros miRebuli gamocdileba. magali-Tad, rogorc ganaTlebis specialisti Tamar mosiaSvili aRniSnavs: „2008 wlidan sameurveo sabWoebis daxmarebisa da skolebis avtonomiurobis mxardaWeris procesi Sesustda, araqmedunariani da gamoucdeli skolis administracia da sameurveo sabWo sakuTari mwiri codnisa da gamocdilebis

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imedad darCa“ (mosiaSvili, 2012, 6).2009-2011 wlebSi „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ saqarT-

velos kanonSi Sesulma cvlilebebma cxadyo, rom saxelmwi-fos politikis kursi am mimarTulebiT Seicvala da dRis wesrigSi isev centralizebul sistemaze gadasvla dadga, rasac safuZvlad daedo gancxadebebi skolis doneze mene-jmentis sisustis da, zogadad, skolebis naklebi mzaobis Sesaxeb. riski, rac am cvlilebebs SesaZloa mohyoloda, aris im codnisa da gamocdilebis dakargva, romelic ukanaskneli eqvsi wlis manZilze dagrovda skolis doneze marTvis mimarTulebiT. Sesabamisad, ver moxda saukeTeso praqtikebis efeqturad gaziareba im skolebisTvis, romle-bic am mimarTulebiT daxmarebas saWiroeben (pirispir in-terviuebi ganaTlebis specialistebTan, maisi-ivnisi, 2013).

kvlevis Sedegebi

kvlevis Sedegebi dajgufebulia ramdenime kategoriad. pirvel kategoriaSi mocemulia zogadi xasiaTis informa-cia; meore kategoria moicavs informacias sameurveo sab-Wos muSaobis Sesaxeb; mesame kategoriaSi gaerTianebuli informacia im faqtorebis Sesaxeb, rac SesaZloa uzrunve-lyofdes sabWos efeqtur muSaobas (treningebi, motivacia); daskvniT nawilSi ki gaerTianebulia informacia decen-tralizaciis mimarT sabWos da administraciis damokide-bulebaze.

zogadi informacia

sameurveo sabWos muSaobis Sesafaseblad kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRes administraciisa da sameurveo sabWos wevrebma. gamokiTxulTa Soris 55 maswavlebelia, 22 mSo-beli, 5 moswavleTa warmomadgeneli da 24 administraciis wevri.

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kvlevaSi monawile respondent-sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 44% 50 wlis da zemoT asakobriv kategoriaSia.

sameurveo sabWos wevrTa gamocdileba 3-6 welia, maT So-ris, sabWos wevr-maswavlebelTa gamocdileba umeteswilad 6 wlamdea, mSobelTa 66% 3-4 welia CarTulia sabWos saqmi-anobaSi, xolo moswavleTa gamocdileba 3 welze mcirea.

SerCeul skolebSi sameurveo sabWos raodenoba 6-dan 13 wevramde meryeobs.

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sameurveo sabWos gamokiTxuli wevrebis 80% miiCnevs, rom maTi skola demokratiulad imarTeba. “nakleb de-mokratiulad” Tvlis sabWos wevrTa 7% da `arademokrati-ulad” - 5 % . administraciis wevrTagan 87% miiCnevs, rom skola demokratiulad imarTeba da saerTo raodenobis 54% aRniSnavs am mimarTulebiT sameurveo sabWos rols.

administraciasa da sameurveo sabWos efeqturobisaT-vis mniSvnelovania, skolaSi am or rgols Soris Seqmnili iyos TanamSromluri da profesiuli garemo. Sesabamisad, kvlevis farglebSi vecadeT gagverkvia, rogoria sabWos wevrTa da administracias Soris urTierToba.

gamokiTxul sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 83% miiCnevs, rom administraciasa da sabWos urTierToba TanamSromlobiTia, 5% fiqrobs, rom konfliqturia, 5% - arc konfliqturi arc TanamSromluri, 5%-s ki uWirs pasuxis gacema. sabWos wevrTa 64% ar Seswrebia konfliqts wevrTa da administra-cias Soris, kofliqts xSirad Seswrebia 6%, ramdenjerme -24%, pasuxis gacema gauWirda 4%-s.

rac Seexeba administraciis wevrebs, maTi 87% Tvlis, rom sabWosa da administracias Soris urTierToba TanamS-romlobiTia.

skolis marTvaSi monawileobisTvis saWiro codna da unari

sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 75%-s treningi skolis marT-vis mimarTulebiT saerTod ar aqvs gavlili. mxolod or mSobels aqvs gavlili 1-4 jer.

sameurveo sabWos wevrebma upasuxes kiTxvas, Tu romeli mimarTulebiT isurvebdnen treningis gavlas. yvelaze didi nawili (samive jgufSi) “proeqtebis marTvisa” da “xarisxis marTvis” mimarTulebiT isurvebda gadamzadebas. kerZod, 58% proeqtebis marTvaSi, 57% - xarisxis marTvaSi, 43% - biujetirebaSi, 37% - eleqtronul komunikaciebSi da 32% - Sesyidvebsa da sagadasaxado regulaciebSi.

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sameurveo sabWos muSaoba

saintereso iyo imis garkveva, Tu rogor mimdinareobs sameurveo sabWos Sexvedrebi, ra sakiTxebi ganixileba da rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebis miReba.

gamokiTxul sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 69% Tvlis, rom sabWo ar eqvemdebareba administracias, 18%-is azriT, sab-Wo administracias mxolod nawilobriv eqvemdebareba.

ZiriTadad gadawyvetilebebis miRebis ori forma dafiqsirda: sameurveo sabWoebi an kenWisyriT iReben gadawyvetilebas (67%), an erTsulovani SeTanxmebiT (18%). ramdenime maswavlebelma aRniSna, rom gadawyvetilebebi administraciis mier miiReba (3%).

kiTxvaze - ereva Tu ara skolis direqtori gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi - sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 7% aRniSnavs, rom saerTod ar ereva, 2% fiqrobs, rom xSirad ereva, 23% ki fiqrobs, rom iSviaTad ereva.

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sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 88% fiqrobs, rom kargad icnobs dakisrebul pasuxismgeblobebsa da uflebebs. mxolod 5% fiqrobs, rom ar icnobs. aqve respondentebi gamoikiTxnen, arian Tu ara mzad, Seasrulon dakisrebuli valdebulebebi. 73% fiqrob,s rom sabWo mzad aris amisaTvis, 14% fiqrobs, rom sabWo naklebad aris mzad dakisrebuli valdebulebebis Sesasruleblad. sameurveo sabWos nakleb mzaobas aRniSnavs gamokiTxulTagan mSobelTa 9% da maswavlebelTa 18%.

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi aqtiurad iyo saubari sameurveo sabWos saWiroebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, saintere-so iyo imis garkveva, ramdenad saWirod Tvlian sameurveo sabWos wevrebi skolis marTvis matricaSi sabWos aucile-blobas. sabWos wevrTa 75% fiqrobs, rom sameurveo sabWo saWiroa, 10% Tvlis rom naklebad saWiroa, 4% ki fiqrobs, rom ar aris saWiro.

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sameurveo sabWos saWiroebis Sesaxeb jgufebis mixedviT mosazrebebi ase nawildeba:

rac Seexeba administraciis mosazrebas sameurveo sab-Wos aucileblobis Sesaxeb, 59% Tvlis, rom sameurveo sabWo saWiroa rom arsebobdes, 21% Tvlis, rom naklebad saWiroa da 17%-s uWirs pasuxis gacema. administraciis wevrTa 88% miiCnevs, rom sabWos daniSnulebaa administraciis moni-toringi - gamWvirvaled marTos skola da sameurveo sab-Wos ar Tvlian administraciis efeqturobisa da skolis ganviTarebis Semaferxebel faqtorad.

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imisaTvis, rom kvlevis jgufs gaerkvia, ra mimarTule-biT arian sameurveo sabWos wevrebi aqtiurebi da sad isurvebdnen met CarTulobas, Sesabamisi kiTxvebi SemuSav-da. rogorc irkveva, yvelaze aqtiurad sabWos wevrebi biu-jetis damtkicebis, skolis samoqmedo gegmis ganxilvis, disciplinuri sakiTxebis ganxilvisa da saxelmZRvaneloe-bTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis irgvliv ikribebian (sax-elmZRvaneloebis mimarTulebiT pedagogTa 83% da mSo-belTa 73%-ia CarTuli):

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sameurveo sabWos wevrebs daesvaT kiTxva, Tu romeli mimarTulebiT isurvebdnen CarTvas. maTgan umetesoba axa-li kadrebis miRebaSi, maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaR-lebisa da skolis ganviTarebis proeqtebis mimarTulebiT CarTvas isurvebda (36%).

rogorc cnobilia, yvelaze didi roli sameurveo sabWos biujetis damtkicebis mimarTulebiT uWiravs. saintere-so iyo, gagverkvia, am mimarTulebiT rogor monawileobs sameurveo sabWo. sabWos wevrebs arCevani ramdenime pasuxs Soris unda aerCiaT. Sesabamisad, unda moexazaT yvela relevanturi pasuxi. garda amisa, saintereso iyo gvenaxa, rogori iyo ganawileba sameurveo sabWos jgufebs Soris. sameurveo sabWos wevrTa umetesoba (93%) biujetis damt-kicebasa da administraciis mier momzadebuli biujetis koreqtirebaSia CarTuli. mSobelTa 77% da maswavlebelTa 74% biujetis momzadebis procesSi skolis saWiroebebisa da prioritetebis dasadgen ganxilvebSi monawileobs.

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mniSvnelovania imis gageba, Tu rogor arian CarTulni sameurveo sabWos wevrebi sxvadasxva sakiTxis ganxilvasa Tu gadawyvetaSi, saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebis mizniT. ro-gorc kvleva aCvenebs, sameurveo sabWos wevri moswavleebi CamoTvlili sakiTxebidan mxolod warmatebuli maswavleb-lis gamovlenasa da skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroe-bis ganxilvis sakiTxebSi monawileoben. maswavlebelTa monawileoba yvelaze metad saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevas (90%), skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebebis dadgenasa (56%) da moswavleTa akademiuri miRwevebis monitoring-Si (52%) dafiqsirda. mSoblebi yvelaze xSirad CarTulni arian skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebebis dadgenaSi (67%), warmatebuli maswavleblis gamovlenaSi (58.5%), sax-elmZRvaneloebis SerCevasa da swavlebis xarisxis monitor-ingSi (54-54%). CamoTvlili sakiTxebidan yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli aqvs sameurveo sabWos wevrebis monawileobis axali kadrebis mozidvisa da treningebis saWiroebis dad-genis mimarTulebiT.

administraciis wevrebi sameurveo sabWos CarTulobas zogadad damakmayofileblad miiCneven, magram maTi 80% isurvebda sabWos met aqtiurobas saskolo cxovrebaSi mSo-belTa CarTvis mimarTulebiT.

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sameurveo sabWos efeqturoba

saintereso iyo imis dadgena, sameurveo sabWos wevrTa da administraciis azriT, efeqturia Tu ara sameurveo sabWos muSaoba da ra gansazRvravs sameurveo sabWos efeqturo-bas. dasaxelebul faqtorTa Soris aris: sabWos wevrTa kom-petenturoba, sabWos wevrTa motivacia, wevrTa gadamzadeba, sakanonmdeblo baziT gansazRvruli uflebamosilebebi da administraciis mier sameurveo sabWos funqciebis aRiareba.

sameurveo sabWos efeqturobis sakiTxi administraciis mierac Sefasda. suraTi gansxvavebuli aRmoCnda. adminis-traciis wevrTa 42% sameurveo sabWos naklebefeqturad mi-iCnevs, efeqturad afasebs administraciis wevrTa 46%, Za-lian efeqturad Tvlis 8.3%, araefeqturad ki mxolod 4.2%.

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administraciis wevrTa mosazrebiT, sabWos efeqturo-ba didwilad sameurveo sabWos wevrTa kompetenturobaze, wevrTa motivaciasa da administraciis mier sameurveo sab-Wos rolis gaazrebazea damokidebuli.

administraciis wevrebi sameurveo sabWos wevrTa unars skolis marTvaSi sxvadasxvagvarad afaseben, maTi 58% sab-Wos damakmayofileblad kompetenturad miiCnevs:

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sabWos wevrTa azriT, CamoTvlil faqtorTa Soris wevr-Ta kompetenturoba yvelaze mniSvnelovania. mniSvnelobiT meore faqtorad ki sabWos wevrTa motivaciaa dasaxele-buli.

rogorc zemoT ukve aRiniSna, sameurveo sabWos wevrTa efeqturobisaTvis erT-erT mTavar faqtorad motivacia dasaxelda. sainteresoa imis naxva, Tu rogor afaseben sab-Wos wevrebi sakuTar motivacias, imuSaon sameurveo sabWos wevris statusiT.

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rogorc vxedavT, gamokiTxul sameurveo sabWos wevrTa motivacia meryeobs “Zalian maRalsa” da “dabals” Soris. 58% miiCnevs, rom sakuTari motivacia - iyos sameurveo sabWos wevri - “saSualoa”, maT Sorisaa 40% moswavleTa TviTmarTvelobis warmomadgeneli, 51% sabWos wevri mas-wavlebeli da 33% wevri-mSobeli. Tanabari procentuli ganawilebaa “dabali” (8%) da “Zalian maRali“ (6%) motiva-ciis mqone jgufebs Soris. maRali motivaciis mqoned Tavs miiCnevs gamokiTxulTa 24%, maT Soris umetesoba maswav-lebelia.

imisaTvis, rom gagverkvia, ra SeiZleba iyos kvlevis dros dafiqsirebuli respondentTa motivaciis niSnulis ganmsazRvreli, sameurveo sabWos wevrebi am mimarTule-biTac gamoikiTxnen. yvelaze metad wevrebis motivacias gansazRvravs sabWos funqciebi (42%). wevrebi aseve mniS-vnelovan faqtorad Tvlian materialur aspeqts. sxva wevrebis motivacias wevrebi ar miiCneven sakuTari motiva-ciis ganmsazRvrelad, rac SeiZleba maT mier gundurobis nakleb aRqmas ukavSirdebodes.

gamokiTxul sameurveo sabWos wevrTa mxolod 37% mi-iRebda sameurveo sabWos arCevnebSi monawileobas, amis San-si rom hqondeT.

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administraciis wevrebmac Seafases sameurveo sabWos

motivacia. administraciis gamokiTxul wevrTa 42% Tvlis,

rom sameurveo sabWos wevrebs “saSualo” motivacia aqvT.

motivaciis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebad ki “sabWos fun-

qciebs” (25%), “sabWosa da administraciis TanamSromlobis

xarisxs“ (18%) da “samuSao garemos” (46%) asaxeleben.

damokidebulebebi decentralizebuli marTvis mimarT

kvlevis jgufi Seecada, gaerkvia sameurveo sabWos da

administraciis wevrTa damokidebulebebi sajaro skolis

decentralizebuli marTvis mimarT. Sesabamisad, gamoiyo

saskolo cxovrebis mniSvnelovani faqtorebi. respoden-

tebs eTxovaT, mieTiTebinaT is rgolebi, romlebsac Se-

sabamisi sakiTxebis gadawyvetis uflebamosileba aqvT.

sameurveo sabWosa da administraciis wevrTa mosazre-

bebi gansxvavebulia. sameurveo sabWos wevrebi met ufle-

bamosilebas akisreben sameurveo sabWoebs. administraciis

wevrebi metwilad sameurveo sabWos CarTulobad adminis-

traciasTan TanamSromlobas miiCneven. rigi sakiTxebis ga-

dasawyvetad mniSvnelovnad Tvlian centraluri mTavrobis

monawileobas. sameurveo sabWos diskreciad ki direqtoris

arCeva da sabiujeto sakiTxebis ganxilva miaCniaT.

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damatebiTi informacia

am TavSi warmodgenili informacia efuZneba kvlevis administrirebis procesSi ganxorcielebul dakvirvebebs, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs, ufro naTlad gaviazroT sameur-veo sabWosa da administraciis wevrTa urTierTobebi, maTi damokidebulebebi sakvlevi sakiTxis mimarT.

TiTqmis yvela skolis administraciam aRniSna, rom mSo-blebis sameurveo sabWoSi (da, zogadad, saskolo cxovreba-Si) muSaobis motivacia dabalia. mkvlevarTa azriT, umetes SemTxvevaSi xdeboda sabWos wevri moswavlis ugulebe-lyofis mcdeloba: „araseriozulad miiCnevdnen moswavlis

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mosazrebebs“. mkvlevarebis dakvirvebiT, or skolaSi direqtori

gamokveTili avtoritari iyo - amaze maTi qceva, kolegebT-an saubris manera da aseve sabWos wevrebis mokrZalebulad qceva metyvelebda. iyo pozitiurad sawinaaRmdego SemTx-vevac, roca direqciis warmomadgenlebsa da sabWos wevrebs Soris sakmaod dabalansebuli da Tbili urTierTdamokide-buleba gamoikveTa. am konkretul skolaSi kolegebs Soris saubari konstruqciuli iyo, igrZnoboda sakiTxis mimarT interesi, informaciuloba,

kvlevis mimdinareobis dros, skolebSi iyo informacia, rom sameurveo sabWoebis gauqmeba igegmeboda. Sesabamisad, sameurveo sabWos axali arCevnebis daniSvnis Sesaxeb br-Zanebam dabneuloba gamoiwvia. sabWos arsebobis saWiroebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli azrebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebulad Camoyalibebuli pozicia arsad dafiqsirebula. mkvleva-rebis dakvirvebiT, sameurveo sabWos rolisa da funqciebis safuZvliani gaazreba da gaTaviseba jer kidev naklebad xdeba. skolebis mier “sameurveo sabWos proeqti” mxolod „zemodan“ davalebul saqmed da formalobad aRiqmeba. sab-Wos ZiriTadad moiazreben, rogorc direqciis kontrolis meqanizms biujetis gankargvis sakiTxebSi. gamoTqmuli iyo azri, rom sabWo saWiro iyo, aseve sawinaaRmdegoc - rom direqciac mSvenivrad akeTebda yvelafers sameurveo sab-Wos gareSe.

iyo SemTxveva, roca direqtori aRniSnavda sameur-veo sabWos wevrebisTvis treningebis aucileblobas da adarebda amJamindel sabWos wina sameurveo sabWos, romlis wevrebsac treningebi hqondaT gavlili da romelic ufro efeqturi iyo.

ramdenime skolaSi vizitis dros informacia sameurveo sabWos arCevnebis daniSvnis Sesaxeb jer cnobili ar iyo. sameurveo sabWo da direqcia Tvlida, rom aRniSnuli or-gano wyvetda funqcionirebas, razec sinanuls gamoxatavd-nen, radgan fiqrobdnen, rom sameurveo sabWo saWiro iyo

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skolis cxovrebisTvis. skolaSi, sadac sakmaod daZabuli situacia aRmoCnda

administraciasa da sameurveo sabWos Soris, direqtorma moiTxova sameurveo sabWos carieli kiTxvaris gacnoba. man aRniSna, rom eeWveboda, sabWos wevrebs aRniSnuli kiTxvari gulwrfelad SeevsoT.

sameurveo sabWos wevrebma moiTxoves informacia, iyo Tu ara nebadarTuli saministros mier aRniSnuli kvlevis Catareba da mxolod amis Semdeg daiwyes kiTxvarebis Sevse-ba. Sevsebis procesSi maT Tqves, rom amJamindel direqtor-Tan moxda konfliqti. direqtori orjer ar gamocxadda sameurveo sabWos sxdomaze, sadac igi moiwvies angariSis warsadgenad (saubris dros sabWos wevrebis umravlesobis mxridan naTlad Canda direqtorisadmi maTi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba).

gansxvavebuli gamocdileba

pirveladi SerCevis Sedegad SerCeuli skolis adminis-traciasTan dakavSirebis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom or skola-Si sameurveo sabWoebi ar funqcionirebda. orive SemTx-vevaSi mizezi gansxvavebuli aRmoCnda. pirvel SemTxvevaSi es iyo skolis optimizacia/reorganizaciasTan dakavSire-buli problema, meore SemTxvevaSi sameurveo sabWosa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros Soris konfliq-turi situacia, ramac sameurveo sabWos daSla gamoiwvia. qvemoT mocemulia informacia, romelic mopovebul iqna am skolebis administraciasTan pirispir intervius safuZ-velze.

sajaro skola - SemTxveva N 1

skolaSi sameurveo sabWom sul 6 weli imuSava. sameurveo sabWos warsuli saqmianoba skolis direqtor-ma dadebiTad Seafasa da ganacxada, rom sabWos arseboba

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skolaSi saWiro iyo. misive TqmiT, sabWo Sedgeboda kargad da saguldagulod SerCeuli wevrebisgan, romlebic direq-cias gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi exmarebodnen.

rogorc skolis direqtorma ganacxada, sameurveo sab-Wos daSlis Semdeg mdgomareoba Seicvala im mxriv, rom rigi pasuxismgeblobebisa mxolod direqtors daekisra. manamde movaleobebsa da pasuxismgeblobebs Tanabrad in-awilebdnen sabWosa da administraciis wevrebi, rac, Tavis mxriv, skolis marTvas aadvilebda.

sameurveo sabWos daSlisa da gauqmebis mizezad skolis di-reqtorma 2011 wels ganxorcielebuli optimizacia daas-axela. optimizaciis safuZvelze sameurveo sabWom funq-cionireba Sewyvita. vinaidan 2013 wlamde sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi ar Catarebula, skola ori wlis ganmavlobaSi sameurveo sabWos gareSe darCa.

administraciis gancxadebiT, sameurveo sabWos fun-qcionirebis periodSi konfliqtebs adgili saerTod ar hqonia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sameurveo sabWos ar moswonda direqtoris gadawyvetileba, direqtori maT azrs yovelT-vis ismenda da iTvaliswinebda.

sabWo damoukidebeli iyo da gadawyvetilebebsac da-moukideblad iRebda. skolis direqtori Tvlis, rom sameurveo sabWos arseboba skolaSi aucilebelia - sabWo exmareba direqtors biujetis damtkicebaSi, swavla-swav-lebis sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, maswavleblebis samsax-urSi ayvanasa da skolis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli sxva gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi.

sabWos aucileblobis kuTxiT gansxvavebuli azri daaf-iqsira sameurveo sabWos yofilma Tavmjdomarem, romelmac ganacxada, rom maT skolas ar sWirdeboda sameurveo sabWo. amis argumentad moyvanil iqna Tvalsazrisi, rom „direq-toric mSvenivrad agvarebs yvelafers“.

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sajaro skola- SemTxvevaN2

sameurveo sabWom skolaSi muSaoba daasrula 2011 wels (sameurveo sabWos daTxovnis periodSi respondenti direq-tori ar muSaobda skolaSi, Sesabamisad, zustad ver daas-axela daTxovnis dro). sameurveo sabWos daTxovna moxda ministris brZanebis Sesabamisad. mizezad ki dasaxelda is faqti, rom sameurveo sabWom ar airCia direqtoris postze saministros mier wardgenili kandidatura. amJamindeli direqtori miiCnevs, rom sameurveo sabWo iyo daaxloebu-li yofil direqtorTan da mikerZoebuli gadawyvetileba miiRo, ramac ganapiroba sameurveo sabWps daTxovna. minis-trma sameurveo sabWos daTxovnis Semdeg daniSna skolis direqtori 2011-2012 saswavlo wlis dawyebamde, romelic 2012 wlis ianvarSi amJamindelma direqtorma Secvala.

administraciis informaciiT, sameurveo sabWos yofili wevrebis udidesi nawils skolasTan kavSiri ukve aRar aqvs.

Sesabamisad, administracia ar flobda detalur infor-macias skolaSi sameurveo sabWos muSaobis Sesaxeb. direq-torma aRniSna, rom wina skolaSi igi sameurveo sabWos mier iyo arCeuli.

Txovnaze - erTmaneTisTvis Seedarebina wina (romelSic funqcionirebs sameurveo sabWo) da amJamindeli skola (romelSic ar moqmedebs sameurveo sabWo), agreTve, dae-saxelebina, Tu romel situaciaSi grZnobs igi Tavs kon-fortulad da ratom - direqtorma ganacxada: kargia, roca skolaSi funqcionirebs sameurveo sabWo. Tumca, miiCnevs, rom sabWos ar unda hqondes yvela is funqcia, romlebic mas amJamad aqvs. misi azriT, sameurveo sabWo ar unda irCevdes skolaSi direqtors, radgan ramdenime pedagogis da mSob-lis gadasawyveti ar unda iyos es sakiTxi. direqtori unda daniSnos saminstrom an olqma (igi miesalmeba olqebis Seqm-nis iniciativas da maTTvis direqtorebis arCevis uflebis delegirebas). amis mizezad direqtorma konkretuli kan-didatis mimarT an Zveli direqtoris mimarT sameurveo sabWos mikerZoebuloba daasaxela. Tumca, misi TqmiT, igi

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zogadad miesalmeba sameurveo sabWos CarTvas saskolo cxovrebaSi, magaliTad, biujetis damtkicebis nawilSi.

administraciis sxva wevrebis mosazreba direqtoris mo-sazrebas daemTxva, gansakuTrebiT, im nawilSi, rom sameur-veo sabWos funqcionireba xels uwyobs skolis gamWvir-valed marTvas.

ZiriTadi mignebebi da daskvnebi

sameurveo sabWos efeqturobas sxvadasxvagvarad af-aseben misi wevrebi da skolis administracia. Tumca, orive jgufi miesalmeba skolaSi sameurveo sabWos arse-bobis sakiTxs. administracia ufro naklebefeqturad mi-iCnevs sameurveo sabWos muSaobas da amis mizezad arasak-maris kompetenturobasa da dabal motivacias asaxelebs. sameurveo sabWos wevrebi SedarebiT maRal Sefasebas aZ-leven sabWos efeqturobas (70%). maTi azriT, sabWos efeq-turoba didwilad wevrTa kompetenciasa da motivaciazea damokidebuli. administraciis mosazrebiT ki efeturobis ganmsazRvreli, wevrTa kompetenciebTan erTad, motivacia da administraciis mxridan sabWos funqciebis aRiareba/gaazrebaa.

sakvlevi skolebis umetes nawilSi sameurveo sabWosa da administracias Soris urTierToba TanamSromlobi-Tia. Tumca, arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac urTierToba neitraluria, daZabulia da konfliqturic ki aris.

sabWos wevrTa azriT, maT umravlesobas saSualo moti-vacia aqvs da motivaciis ganmsazRvrel ZiriTad faqtorad sameurveo sabWos funqciebs asaxeleben.

sabWos wevrebi ZiriTadad biujetis ganxilvisa da damtkicebis, saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevis, disciplin-uri sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad ikribebian. isini samoqmedo gegmis ganxilvaSic monawileoben. biujetis sakiTxis ganx-ilvis procesSi sabWos wevrebi administraciis mier Sedge-nili biujetis koreqtirebas da SeTanxmebas axdnen, Tumca,

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maTi nawili biujetis momzadebis procesSic monawileobs (saWiroebebis dadgena, propritetebis gamoyofa).

sameurveo sabWos wevri moswavle/moswavleebi nak-lebad arian CarTulni sameurveo sabWos muSaobaSi da maT azrs naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba. es faqti SesaZlebelia gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom moswavle wevrebma ar ician sa-kuTari ufleba-movaleobebi da mzad ar arian, CaerTon gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi.

saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebis mizniT, sameurveo sab-Wos wevrebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT erTvebian. rogorc kvleva aCvenebs, sameurveo sabWos wevri moswavleebi CamoT-vlili sakiTxebidan ZiriTadad warmatebuli maswavleblis gamovlenasa da skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebis ganxilvis sakiTxebSi monawileoben. maswavlebelTa monaw-ileoba yvelaze metad saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevas, skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebebis dadgenasa da moswavleTa akademiuri miRwevebis monitoringis mimarTulebiT dafiq-sirda. mSoblebi yvelaze xSirad CarTulni arian skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebebis dadgenaSi, warmatebuli maswavleblis gamovlenaSi, saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevasa da swavlebis xarisxis monitoringSi.

sameurveo sabWos wevrTa umetesoba axali kadrebis miRebaSi, maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da skolis ganviTarebis proeqtebis mimarTulebiT CarTvas isurvebda.

rac Seexeba skolis marTvas, sabWos wevrTa umravle-soba miiCnevs, rom skola demokratiulad imarTeba da ama-Si sameurveo sabWos rols orive samizne jgufi iziarebs. Tumca, aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac sabWos wevrebi Tvlian, rom direqtori Tavadac gauZRveboda skolis marTvis pro-cess, sabWosgan damoukideblad.

administraciis wevrebi sameurveo sabWos wevrTa skolis marTvis unarebs „damakmayofileblad“ miiCneven, rac imas niSnavs, rom isini sabWos wevrTa kompetenciebis gazrdis

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gareSe naklebad isurveben sabWos gaaqtiurebas, vinaidan ar aqvT imis molodini, rom wevrebi amas SeZleben.

sameurveo sabWos wevrebis did nawils treningebi ar Catarebia. treningebSi monawileoba mxolod maswavlebel-Ta da mSobelTa mcire nawils hqonda. skolis administra-ciis is nawili, romelsac mouwia am eqvswliani ciklis pe-riodSi gadamzadebul da gadaumzadebel sameurveo sabWos wevrebTan muSaoba, calsaxad aRniSnaven sabWos wevrebisT-vis Sesabamisi treningebis saWiroebas.

kvlevis Sedegad naTeli gaxda, rom sameurveo sabWoe-bis ZiriTadi nawili icnobs sabWoze dakisrebul ufle-bamosilebebs, Tumca, isurvebdnen met codnasa da samo-qmedo arealis gazrdas. sabWos wevrTa mosazrebiT, maTi kompetenciebis da funqciebis gazrda uzrunvelofs mo-tivaciis amaRlebas da, Sesabamisad, sabWos efeqturobasac gazrdis.

gansxvavebulia sameurveo sabWosa da administraciis wevrTa damokidebuleba skolis marTvaSi sameurveo sabWos monawileobis mimarT. administraciis mxridan sabWos fun-qciebis gazrdis naklebi survili/molodini SesaZloa sax-elmwifosa da administraciis mxridan wlebis ganmavlobaSi sameurveo sabWos wevrTa marTvis unarebis naklebobis Ses-axeb gabatonebul azrs ukavSirdebodes. decentralizaciis mimarT damokidebulebebis kvlevis dros aSkara gaxda, rom administracia miesalmeba decentralizebul marTvas, Tum-ca, sameurveo sabWos CarTva skolis cxovrebaSi ZiriTadad administraciasTan TanamSromlobiT surs. rogorc kvleva aCvenebs, sameurveo sabWos wevrebs Sesabamisi xelisSemwyo-bi meqanizmebis danergvis Semdeg (funqciebis gazrda, gad-amzadeba), survili aqvT, ufro aqtiurad CaerTon saskolo cxovrebaSi. gansakuTrebiT mnSvnelovania sameurveo sab-Wos wevrTa survili, monawileoba miiRon swavla-swvlebis xarisxis gamujobesebis mimarTulebiT.

sakvlevi sakiTxis eqvswliani gamocdilebidan gamom-dinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sameurveo sabWoebs kvlevis

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procesisTvis sakuTari roli da funqciebi ufro metad hqondaT gaazrebuli, vidre wina kvlevebis Catarebis dros. Tumca, sakuTari da administraciis wevrTa SefasebiT, sab-Wos wevrTa motivacia da kompetenciebi kvlav saWiroebs gaumjobesebas.

rekomendaciebi

mniSvnelovania imis gaazreba, rom rogorc gamoc-dileba aCvenebs, miuxedavad skolis doneze mcdelobebisa, sameurveo sabWos qmedunarian organod ganviTarebis mimar-TulebiT saxelmwifos mier ukanasknel wlebSi araferi gakeTebula. amas amZafrebs is faqti, rom ukanaksneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi sameurveo sabWoSi saministrosa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis wevrTa CarTviTa da skolebze zewoliT sameurveo sabWos roli Sesustda. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts, rom sameurveo sabWos efeqturoba metwilad kompetenciebze, motivaciasa da sabWos funqciebzea damokidebuli, sabWos efeqturobis gasazrdelad, aucilebelia am mimarTulebiT nabijebis ga-dadgma. pirvel rigSi, saxelmwifom unda gadaxedos decen-tralizaciis politikas da mkafiod gansazRvros is ufle-ba-movaleobebi, romlebic delegirdeba zeda donidan qveda doneze. sabWos efeqturoba skolaSi jansaR samuSao garemoze da skolis administraciis kompetenciebzec aris damokidebuli. sasurvelia administraciis profesiuli ganviTarebis mimarTulebiTac gadaidgas Sesabamisi nabi-jebi. 1. saxelmwifos xedvis gadaxedva zogadsaganmanaTleblo

sistemis decentralizebuli marTvis mimarT• skolebis decentralizaciis politikis gansazRvra• sameurveo sabWos funqciis, rolis gansazRvra • sakononmdeblo bazis gadaxedva

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2. axalarCeuli sameurveo sabWoebis gadamzadeba fun-qciebis Sesabamisad

• sameurveo sabWos treningebi • seminarebi/vorqSofebi• damxmare literatura/resursebis momzadeba da ga-

ziareba

3. skolebis administraciis profesiuli ganviTareba • gadamzadeba skolis efeqtur marTvaSi (resursebis

mimarTulebiT) • organizaciuli kulturis da RirebulebaTa siste-

mis Sesaxeb treningebi, seminarebi, konferenciebi • gadamzadeba mSobelTa da sazogadoebis CarTulobis

uzrunvelsayofad• gadamzadeba skolis ganviTarebis moklevadiani da

grZelvadiani strategiuli gegmebis SemuSavebaSi • skolis marTvis Sesaxeb gzamkvlelvebis, saganmana-

Tleblo resursebis momzadeba da gaziareba

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bibliografia

1. ACT - analizisadakonsultaciisjgufi. “damokidebulebebiganaTlebis-sistemismimarT.” kvlevisangariSi, Tbilisi, 2011.

2. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Education at a Glance 2010. The Organisation for Economic Co-op-eration and Development, 2010.

3. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Ed-ucation at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2012. Estonia. The Organisa-tion for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2012.

4. afxazava, revaz, daTamarbregvaZe. „decentralizaci-isreformismimdinareobisSefaseba.“ kvlevisangariSi, Tbilisi, 2008.

5. gogliCiZe, aluda. “saqarTvelos zogadiganaTlebis-sistemismdgomareobisadamarTvisanalizi .” Tbilisi, 2010.

6. mosiaSvili, Tamar. sajaroskolaSiSidakontrolismeqa-nizmebidamarTvisstilisaqarTveloSi.Tbilisi: social-urmecnierebaTacentri, 2012.

7. saerTaSorisogamWvirvaloba- saqarTvelo. miecesTavisu-flebasaqarTvelosskolebs? .saerTaSorisogamWvirvalo-ba- saqarTvelo, 2009.

8. statistikiserovnulisamsaxuri. saqarTvelosmTlian-iSidaproduqti.Tbilisi: statistikiserovnulisamsaxuri, 2013.

9. Sapiro, mark, Siro nakata, da lela Caxaia. „ganaTlebis sistemisgardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqti “ilia WavWavaZis” Sefaseba.“ Tbilisi, 2007.

10. saqarTvelos kanoni “zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb”

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1. reziume

warmodgenili kvlevis Sedegebi naTels xdis, rom cen-tralizebulma treningebma mniSvnelovnad ver uzrunve-lyo maswavleblis kvalifikaciis arsebiTi gaumjobeseba, da Seamcira treningebis xelmisawvdomoba regionebSi. amas-Tan erTad, maswavleblebisTvis araa xelmisawvdomi infor-macia arsebuli treningebis Sinaarsisa da miznebis Sesaxeb.

saxelmwifo afinansebs maswavleblis saxlis treningebs xarisxis Semowmebis gareSe, radgan ssip maswavleblis pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris miznebidan da sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia akreditacia gaiaros im instituciis mier momzadebulma treningebma, romelic amavdroulad SeimuSavebs maswavleb-lis zogad da profesiul standartebs.

universitetebisa da sxva saganmanaTleblo orga-nizaciebis qmediToba am mimarTulebiT Sesustebulia, akreditebuli programebis raodenoba Semcirebulia 10-jer, treningebis xarisxis marTva ki ignorirebulia.

procesis efeqtianobis gazrdisa da maswavleblebisT-vis xarisxiani programebis miwodebis mizniT, saxelmwifom xeli unda Seuwyos programebis akreditacias, xolo saqa-rTvelos parlamentma saxelmwifo programebis dafinan-sebisas unda gaiTvaliswinos maTi xarisxi, kerZod, dafi-nansebis ZiriTadi nawili unda xmardebodes akreditebul

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sistemis

decentralizaciis gavlena skolebis efeqtianobaze

ia anTaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, Tamar CxaiZeganaTlebis specialistebi: manana boWoriSvili, Tamar xatiaSvili

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programebs. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis pro-gramebis mxardaWerisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos misi xarisxi da xelmisawvdomoba.

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis xelmisawvdomobisa da xarsxis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, sa-survelia:

1. Semcirdes araakreditebuli programebis dafinanseba da xeli Seewyos akreditaciis, rogorc xarisxis kon-trolis amoqmedebis process;

2. ganaTlebis politikis dokumentebSi aisaxos regu-laciebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis servisebis decen-tralizacias;

3. mniSvnelovania ganxorcieldes maswavlebelTa (ara-ser t ificirebuli, sertificirebuli, maZiebeli…) profesiuli ganviTarebis saWiroebebis kvleva da kv-levis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT Seiqmnas maswavlebelTa (arasertificirebuli, sertificirebuli, maZiebeli) profesiul ganviTarebaze orientirebuli programe-bi;

4. saxelmwifo instituciebis garda, saganmanaTleblo centrebs, universitetebs mieceT saSualeba (daiwios akreditaciis safasurma, amuSavdes vauCeruli siste-ma) Seqmnan maswavlebelTa (arasertificirebuli, ser-tificirebuli, maZiebeli) profesiul ganviTarebaze orientirebuli programebi;

5. Seiqmnas treningebis Sesaxeb maswavlebelTa in-formirebis meqanizmi-profesiul ganviTarebaze ori-entirebuli programebis erTiani monacemTa baza, raTa gaizardos am programebis xelmisawvdomoba;

6. skolebma gare SefasebasTan erTad, Siga Sefasebis siste-ma unda aamuSaon, rac skolis maswavleblebs daexmareba gamokveTon, ra tipis treningebi sWirdeba skolas.

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2. meTodologia

Catarda Tvisebrivi kvleva, romelic moicavda or kom-ponents: literaturis analizi (kvlevebisa da kanonmde-blobis analizi, oficialuri statistika) da fokusjgufebi

literaturis analizi

Seswavlilia saqarTveloSi maswavlebelTa profesi-uli ganviTarebis servisebis Sesaxeb arsebuli informacia, sakanonmdeblo baza, aseve saqarTvelos mier ganvlili gza 2008 wlidan dRemde - maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganvi-Tarebis servisis decentralizaciidan centralizaciamde, adgilobrivi kvlevebi da saerTaSoriso moTxovnebi, siste-maSi arsebuli problemebi da gamowvevebi.

kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlilia:maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis

akreditaciis debuleba;xarisxis marTvis erovnuli centris mier momzadebuli

rekomendaciebi eqspertebisTvis;kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~;maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier

gavrcelebuli informacia mis mier momzadebuli da Cat-arebuli treningebis Sesaxeb.

gavecaniT saqarTveloSi Catarebul kvlevebs:• maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis sqemis Tvise-

brivi kvleva, 2013, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti.

• maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadis kvleva, 2008, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti.

• maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadis kvleva, 2012, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti.

• TeacherCompetencesandQualifications,2010,EuropeanCommission.

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• maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia, ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis saxelmwifo komisia, 2013.

moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Seswavlis Sedegad aRvwereT saqarTveloSi moqmedi procedurebi trening-programebis xarisxis Seswavlis mizniT, aseve ramdenad Seesabameba reg-ulaciebi msoflios saukeTeso praqtikas. qveyanaSi Catare-buli kvlevebi Seswavlam saSualeba mogvca, Segvefasebina maswavlebelTa damokidebulebebi ganxorcielebuli cvli-lebebis fonze. aseve, rogoria maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefciis avtorTa xedva profesiaSi myofi maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTa-rebis SesaZleblobebze.

Catarebul fokusjgufebze SeviswavleT maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba trenigebTan dakavSirebiT, kerZod, Se-sabamisoba skolis saWiroebebTan da maTi gavlena swavla-swavlebis procesze.

fokusjgufi: Catarda xuT qalaqSi: TbilisSi (dedaqa-laqi), TelavSi (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo), baTumSi (dasav-leT saqarTvelo), marneulSi (eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebuli regioni) da ambrolaurSi (maRalmTiani re-gioni). qalaqebi SeirCa Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT, fokusjgufSi monawileoba miiRes dedaqalaqis, saqarT-velos qalaqebis, umciresobiT dasaxlebuli regionisa da maRalmTiani regionis maswavleblebma.

fokusjgufebSi monawileoba miiRo maswavlebelTa Sem-degma kategoriam:

• maswavleblebi, romlebic monawileobdnen central-izebulad Catarebul treningebSi;

• maswavleblebi, romlebic monawileobdnen univer-sitetebisa da sxvadasxva organizaciis mier Catare-bul treningebSi.

fokusjgufebisTvis SemuSavda kiTxvebi (ixileT danar-Ti), sadac maswavleblebs saSualeba hqondaT, moewodebi-

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naT informacia, ra saxis treningebze uwevT monawileobis miReba, saidan iReben informacias, ramdenad Seesabameba treningebi maT saWiroebebs, ra mizniT eswrebian treningebs. fokusjgufebis saSualebiT gairkva treningebis gavlena skolaSi swavla-swavlebis procesis gaumjobesebaze, ram-denad xelmisawvdomia treningebi da rogor Seesabameba maswavleblisa da skolis saWiroebebs.

3. problemis aRwera

kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlilia maswavlebelTa uwyve-ti profesiuli ganviTarebis servisebis arsebuli mod-eli. gza, romelic gaiara saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sitemam servisis decentralizaciidan centralizaciamde. kvlevis farglebSi Catarebulia Tvisebrivi analizi. Seswavlilia sakanonmdeblo baza, saqarTvelos masStabiT Catarebuli reprezentaciuli kvlevebi, saerTaSoriso moTxovnebi da mocemulia TbilisSi, TelavSi, baTumSi, ambrolaursa da marneulSi Catarebul fokusjgufebze gamokveTili mosaz-rebebi.

saqarTveloSi moqmedi sakanonmdeblo baza areguli-rebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciis process, ramac unda uzrunvelyos trening-programebis xarisxi da daadginos misi Sesabamisoba sax-elmwifos mier aRiarebul maswavleblis profesiul stan-dartTan.

miuxedavad arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazisa, maswavleb-lebs ZiriTadad centralizebulad miewodebaT treninge-bi, romlebic dafinansebulia saxelmwifos mier da ar aris akreditebuli.

evrokomisiam 2010 wels gamoaqveyna dokumenti maswavle-belTa kompetenciisa da kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb. dokumenti mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs maswavleblebs Soris TanamSromlo-bas, aseve skolebis, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo daweseb-

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ulebebisa da trening-provaiderebs Soris efeqtur part-niorobas. dokumeti calsaxad mxars uWers maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis aucileblobas, mra-valferovnebasa da xelmisawvdomobas, raTa ganviTardes swavlebis efeqturi praqtika, adgilobrivi da regionuli inovaciuri qselebi.1

2009 wlamde saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemaSi sakanon-mdeblo doneze ar arsebobda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis aRiarebisa da marTvis procedurebi. xarisxis marTvis procedurebis gareSe saqarTveloSi funqcioni-rebda mravali trening-centri, romelic maswavleblebs sxvadasxva trenings sTavazobda.

2008 wels saqarTveloSi damtkicda maswavleblis pro-fesiuli standarti, romelmac gansazRvra maswavleblis kompetenciebi, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrisa da ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centris mier, SemuSavda maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciis debuleba2, anotaciis forma da akreditaciis gzamkvlevebi. debuleba damtkicda ministris 2009 wlis 4 dekembris N1102 brZanebiT3 da safuZvlad dae-do Sesabamisi programebis akreditaciis procesisdawyebas.

2009 wlidan universitetebma da sxva saganmanaTleblo organizaciebma daiwyes maswavlebelTa profesiuli gan-viTarebis programebis momzadeba da maTi akreditacia. procesis waxalisebis mizniT, trening-provaiderebisTvis akreditacia ufaso iyo. maswavleblebi profesiuli ganvi-Tarebis treningebs eswrebodnen mTeli qveynis masStabiT.

amiT Seiqmna saganmanaTleblo programebis xarisxis uz-runvelyofis axali meqanizmi, romlis mixedviTac iurid-iuli pirebis mier ganxorcielebuli maswavleblis pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis programebi mkafiod gansazRvrul wesebsa da standartebs daefuZna.

1 Teacher Competences and Qualifications, 2010, European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/doc/principles_en.pdf2 http://eqe.ge/geo/education/legal_acts/sublegal_acts3 http://tpdc.ge/images/stories/pdf/tpdcakred_geo.pdf

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saxelmwifos mier mxardaWerili iyo akreditaciis pro-cesSi CarTuli adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebis pro-cesi. xarisxis marTvis erovnuli centri dainteresebul mxareebs sistematuri konsultaciebiT uzrunvelyofda. akreditaciis erovnuli centris da maswavlebelTa pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier organizebuli konkur-sis safuZvelze SeirCnen akreditaciis eqspertebi da Cau-tardaT treningi. maT 2009 wlidan daiwyes maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis Semowmeba. maswavle-blebs SesaZlebloba hqondaT, TviTon SeerCiaT akredite-buli programebi profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis. gamoica cnobari, romelic ufasod darigda yvela sajaro skolaSi.

ra procedurebs iTvaliswinebs sakanonmdeblo baza mas-wavleblebis profesiuli ganviTarebis akreditaciis pro-cesSi?

sandooba da obieqturoba am procesis mniSvnelovani komponentia. debulebiT gaTvaliswinebulia, TiToeuli programis Sefaseba centris mier daniSnuli aranakleb ori eqspertis mier. debulebaSi gansazRvrulia interesTa kon-fliqtis Sinaarsi, aseve, interesTa konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, Tavidan acilebis procedurebi (`ganmaxorcielebelma unda gaakeTos ganacxadi eqspertis acilebis Taobaze eqspertis daniSvnis Sesaxeb brZanebis gacnobidan ori dRis vadaSi“).

akreditaciis procesi iTvaliswinebs rogorc trenin-gis Sinaarsis Sesabamisobis Semowmebas maswavleblis pro-fesiul standartTan, aseve mwvrTnelebis kvalifikaciasa da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, organizaciis materialur-te-qnikur bazas.

xarisxis marTva

eqspertebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad afase-ben programas da Sedegebs asaxaven Sualedur daskvnaSi, romelsac waradgenen centrSi. Sualeduri daskvnebis safuZvelze, isini erToblivad adgenen saboloo daskvnas.

Sualeduri da saboloo daskvnebi akreditaciis sabWos

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wevrebsa da dainteresebul pirebs gadaecemaT sabWos sx-domis gamarTvamde Svidi dRiT adre. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eqspertebi ver Seadgenen urTierTSeTanxmebul saboloo daskvnas, sabWos gansaxilvelad gadaecema maT mier Sed-genili Sualeduri daskvnebi da saboloo daskvna, sadac dafiqsirebulia eqspertTa poziciebi. eqspertebi, rom-lebmac Seafases programa, eswrebian programis sabWoze ganxilvis process. daswreba SeuZlia ganmaxorcielebel-sac. sabWos sxdoma sajaroa. zepiri mosmenisa da akred-itaciis eqspertTa daskvnebis safuZvelze, sabWo iRebs gadawyvetilebas - programisTvis akreditaciis miniWebis an programisTvis akreditaciis miniWebaze uaris Tqmis Ses-axeb.

programis akreditaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRe-bis vada Seadgens saakreditacio ganacxadis centrSi ward-genidan araumetes sam Tves.

maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis saganmanaTle-blo programebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, programis gan-maxorcielebeli, debulebis Tanaxmad, weliwadSi erTxel ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnul centrs warudgens TviTSefasebis angariSs. TviTSefaseba programis ganxor-cielebis Tanmdevi procesia, romlis Sedegebi aisaxeba TviTSefasebis angariSSi.

programis Sefasebis dros mniSvnelovania ganmaxor-cieleblis mier gakeTebuli kritikuli TviTSefaseba, ro-melic warmoadgens xarisxis sistematiuri gaumjobesebis instruments. kritikuli TviTSefasebis Sedegad xdeba pro-gramis Semdgomi daxvewa, cvlilebebis Setana rogorc pro-gramaSi, aseve ganxorcilebis procesSi. SeiZleba Seicvalos aqtivobebi, saswavlo resursebi, Sefasebis sistema, meTo-debi da testis Sinaarsi, programis struqtura da ganxor-cielebis geografiuli areali, gamtarianoba, adamianuri da materialur-teqnikuri resursi da sxva.

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dafinanseba

2009 wlidan maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTa-rebis centri axorcielebda `maswavlebelTa profesi-uli ganviTarebis vauCeruli dafinansebis programas”4. maswavlebelis profesiuli ganviTarebis vauCeri iT-valiswinebda profesiuli ganviTarebis akreditebuli trening-programebis dafinansebas moqmedi maswavleblebi-saTvis. pirvel etapze finansdeboda maswavlebelTa pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis programebi sabazo da saSualo skolis qarTulis, maTematikisa da ucxo enebis (ingli-suri, germanuli, franguli, rusuli) maswavleblebisaTvis. maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis vauCeri SesaZle-blobas aZlevda maswavlebels, profesiuli saWiroebebidan gamomdinare, SeerCia maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTa-rebis akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programa/programe-bi da etapobrivad, ufasod gaevlo programis/programebis kursi sul 4 kreditis odenobiT. mocemuli 4 kreditidan, 2 krediti gansazRvruli iyo sagnobrivi da 2 krediti - profesiuli unar-Cvevebis programebis dafinansebisaT-vis. maswavlebeli, profesiuli saWiroebidan gamomdinare, uflebamosili iyo, SeerCia orive saxis programa, sul 4 kreditis odenobiT. an dafinansebuli 4-ve krediti gamoey-enebina mxolod sagnobrivi, an mxolod profesiuli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis.

2008 wlidan daiwyo zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis cen-tralizebuli marTvis tendenciebi. cvlilebebi aisaxa kanonSi `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~. giorgi mSvenieraZis statiaSi: `gza decentralizaciidan centralizaciamde~ aRwerilia 2008-2011 wlebSi ganxorcielebuli sakanon-mdeblo cvlilebebi5. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis minis-

4 http://www.tpdc.ge/images/stories/pdf/informacia_da_instruqcia_skolebi-saTvis.pdf; http://www.ganatleba.ge/upload/multi/geo/1252740081_instruqciebi%20maswavleblebisaTvis%20vauCeris%20misaRebad.pdf5 http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/coll/0001/000957/

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trma dimitri SaSkinma mkveTri nabijebi gadadga sistemis centralizaciisken. es aisaxa kidec centris vebgverdze, sadac ganaTlebis politikis Seqmnaze pasuxismgebeli cen-tri axorcielebs treningebsa da masterklasebs am mizniT aSenebul maswavleblis saxlSi6. centralizaciis proce-si maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciasac Seexo. kerZod, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebs atarebs maswavlebelTa profesi-uli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, Tanac, akreditaciis gverdis avliT. saqme is aris, rom profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnul centrs, rogorc saministros naxevrad avtono-miur struqturas, ar aqvs ufleba, moipovos akreditacia, radgan mis funqciaSi Sedis maswavleblis profesiuli stan-dartis, sertificirebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis sqe-mis SemuSaveba. akreditacia ki trening-programebis xarisx-is Sefasebis efeqtur instruments warmoadgens, romelic saxelmwifos mier daxarjuli finansebis efeqturobis Se-fasebis maxasiaTeblad SegviZlia ganvixiloT. ukve mesame welia, saxelmwifos mier gamoyofili resursebi ixarjeba im programebis ganxorcielebaze, romelTa xarisxi Semow-mebuli ar aris. SezRudulia treningebze maswavlebelTa xelmisawvdomoba, radgan treningebi ZiriTadad tardeba dedaqalaqSi da zogierT municipalur centrSi.

saxelmwifo ar krZalavs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebSi universitetebisa da sxva or-ganizaciebis monawileobas, Tumca, srulad akontrolebs process, radgan saxelmwifom uari Tqva akreditebuli programebis dafinansebaze da, Sesabamisad, dRes mimdin-are treningebis umravlesobis xarisxi araa Sefasebuli da-moukidebeli eqspertebis mier.

Semdgom wlebSi xSirad xdeboda debulebaSi cvlile-bebis Setana. formalurad kvlav arsebobs programebis akreditaciis procesi, Tumca, Setanili cvlilebebi, sax-elmwifos mier dafinansebis SewyvetasTan erTad, praqti-

6 http://tpdc.ge/?lang=geo

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kulad umoqmedos qmnis Cvens sistemaSi arsebul xarisxis marTvis regulaciebs, magaliTad:

- maswavleblis momzadebisa da profesiuli ganviTa-rebis saganmanaTleblo programebis akreditaciis wes-sa da safasurs amtkicebs saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministri ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris wardginebiT da maswavlebelTa pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis centris TanxmobiT (21.07.2010. N3530 amoqmeddes 2010 wlis 1 seqtembridan).

- programis akreditaciis safasuri programis TiTo-euli kreditisaTvis Seadgens 500lars. #107/n 2012wlis 5 ivnisi7.maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programis

akreditaciis safasuris 100 laridan 500 laramde gazrdam, saxelmwifos mier araakreditebuli programebis dafinan-sebam, savaraudod, xeli Seuwyo akreditebuli programebis raodenobis Semcirebas.

xarisxis marTvis erovnuli centris vebgverdze gamo-qveynebuli informaciis8 mixedviT, 2009 wels akreditacia miiRo 172 programam, xolo 2012 wels _ mxolod 16-ma.

cxrili: maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis pro-gramebis akreditaciis dinamika 2009-2012 wlebSi

weli organizaciaakreditebuli

programa

2009 26 172

2010 8 11

2011 8 12

2012 5 16

7 maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akred-itaciis debuleba, muxli 8. programis akreditaciis safasuri (5.06.2012 N107/n), 18 www.eqe.ge nanaxia 2012 wlis 20 seqtembers.

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amJamad maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis cen-tri warmoadgens mTavar trening-provaiders. maswavle-belTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris oficialur veb-gverdze9 gamoqveynebulia Semdegi informacia:

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros erT-erTi mTavari prioriteti skolebSi swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebaa. gamomdinare aqedan, ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebisas, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens mas-wavlebelTa profesiuli kvalifikaciis donis amaRleba, saerTaSoriso standartebsa da moTxovnebTan maTi codnis gaTanabreba. am mizniT, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganvi-Tarebis erovnuli centri axorcielebs maswavlebelTa uwyvet profesiul ganviTarebaze orientirebul mraval-ferovan trening-programebs:

• grZelvadiani trening-kursebi emsaxureba konkret-uli mimarTulebiT codnis SeZenasa da unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.

• moklevadiani sagnobrivi treningebi maswavlebels dae-xmareba, sistemaSi moiyvanos sakuTari kompetenciebi.

9 www.tpdc.ge nanaxia 2013 wlis 19 aprils

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SemuSavebuli treningebis Sesaxeb informacia sakmaod mwiria da ZiriTadad orientirebulia satreningo kal-endarze da naklebad moicavs konkretuli treningebis mizans, trening-programis avtorTa da trenerTa kvali-fikaciis Sesaxeb informacias, aseve, araferia naTqvami treningis Sinaarsis referirebis Sesaxeb. deklarirebulia, rom `TiToeuli treningis Tematika maswavleblis stand-arts, erovnul saswavlo gegmas da maswavlebelTa saWiroe-bis analizs efuZneba“.

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier mowodebuli informaciiT, 2013 wlis 8 agvis-tos mdgomareobiT, centris mier gacemulia 12 727 serti-fikati, magram sertificirebulia 12 112 maswavlebeli, am-aTgan 584 or saganSi, 14 pedagogi _ sam saganSi, 1 pedagogi _ xuT saganSi.

kanonis mixedviT saxelmwifos mier gansazRvruli sert-ificirebis procesi daasrulos 2014 wlis bolomde eWvis qveS dgeba. (kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, muxli 61. maswavlebelTa pirveli sertificireba.

1. maswavleblis pirveli sasertifikacio gamocda Cat-ardes araugvianes 2010 wlis 31 dekembrisa.

2. 2014 wlis bolomde yvela moqmedma maswavlebelma unda Caabaros maswavleblis sasertifikacio gamocda, raTa moipovos maswavleblobis ufleba), sistemaSi arasertificirebuli maswavleblebis wili sakmaod maRali iqneba.

4. ZiriTadi mignebebi

adgilobrivi kvlevebi

procesis Seswavlis mizniT, TviTon maswavlebelTa pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis erovnulma centrma Seiswavla arse-buli situacia. misi dakveTiT, 2012 wels socialuri kv-levisa da analizis centrma Caatara kvleva ̀ maswavlebelTa

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arsebuli nakadis kvleva“10. Catarebuli kvleva saintereso informacias iZleva maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTa-rebis SesaZleblobebisa da arsebuli servisebis mimarT maTi damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb.

kvleva imiTaa saintereso, rom iZleva 2008 wels Cat-arebuli amave Sinaarsis kvlevis Sedegebis SedarebiTi ana-lizis saSualebas. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili aRwers mas-wavleblebis molodins sasertifikaco gamocdis Cabarebis sakiTxze. Semcirebulia im maswavleblebis raodenoba, rom-lebic Tvlian, rom kvalifikaciidan gamomdinare, uprob-lemod Caabareben sasertifikacio gamocdas. ufro met mas-wavlebels surs seriozuli damatebiTi momzadeba.

10 http://www.tpdc.ge/uploads/pdf_documents/Report%20(TCH)%20Final-revised%20(February%2015).pdf

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gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis 86. 3% aRniSnavs, rom es-wreboda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnu-li centris treningebs, xolo 40% _ provaideri organiza-ciis mier Catarebul treningebs. treningebis Sefasebebi orive SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis erTnairia.

kvlevis angariSSi naTqvamia, rom `pedagogTa umravle-soba miiCnevs, rom unda arsebobdes treningebis uzrun-velmyofi sxvadasxva damoukidebeli provaideris arCevis SesaZlebloba. maTi azriT, es treningebis xarisxs gaaum-jobesebs; amis sapirispirod, 27% Tvlis, rom treningebi unda iyos mxolod centralizebuli. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom pedagogebi profesiuli treningebis decentral-izacias ufro uWeren mxars“.

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maswavleblis uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefciaSi, romelic SemuSavda gana-Tlebisa da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisiis farglebSi (xelmZRvaneli gia dvali) naTqvamia:

`uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zr-dis sistemis moqnilobisa da efeqturobisaTvis saukeTeso saSualebaa damoukidebeli, TviTregulirebadi profesi-uli asociaciebis saqmianoba. erTi mxriv, aseTi asociacie-bi aris profesiaSi warmatebulTa gamovlenis saSualeba, xolo meore mxriv, profesiaSi myofi adamianebis mier erT-maneTis ganviTarebaze zrunvisa da jansaRi konkurenciis xelSewyobis gamocdili SesaZlebloba.

decentralizaciis farglebSi unda Seicvalos maswav-lebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis dafinansebis modeli da ganisazRvros TiToeul maswavlebelze gamosayofi Tanxa, romelsac is konkurentunarian bazarze gamoiyenebs

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da gaakeTebs arCevans misTvis saintereso momsaxurebis sa-sargeblod. aRniSnuli dafinansebis modeli xels Seuwy-obs profesiuli asociaciebis efeqtianad saqmianobas. maTi saqmianobis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad programuli akred-itaciis gavla iqneba savaldebulo“11.

fokusjgufebi: samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis mier Catarda fokusjgufebi TelavSi, marneulSi, baTum-Si, ambrolaursa da TbilisSi. Catarebul fokusjgufebSi gamoikveTa Semdegi mosazrebebi maswavlebelTa profesi-uli ganviTarebis treningebis maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTrebis programebis gavlenisa da xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb.

fokusjgufSi monawile maswavleblebs monawileoba aqvT miRebuli treningebSi. maTTvis treningebSi monawileobis mizani iyo gamocdis Cabareba. mxolod erTxel aRniSnes, rom monawileoba miiRes kreditebis mogrovebis mizniT.

maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom maT treningis arCevis saSu-aleba ar aqvT, aRniSnes, rom arCevanis saSualeba 2009-2010 wlebSi hqondaT.

saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo organizaciebis mier Cat-arebul treningebs Soris ZiriTadi gansxvaveba isaa, rom saxelwifo organizaciis mier Catarebuli treningebi _ ga-mocdebis Cabarebazea orientirebuli, xolo arasamTavro-bo organizaciebis mier Catarebuli treningebi konkretu-li programis saWiroebebze. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier Catarebul treningebze rigdeba saxelmZRvaneloebi, rodesac maswavlebeli monawileobs arasamTavrobo orga-nizaciis mier organizebul treningebze, es misi keTili nebaa da, rig SemTxvevebSi, mis saWiroebasac Seesabameba.

maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom treningi warmatebulia, Tu axali informacia miiRes, an gamocda Caabares, Tumca maT ar ician, ra trening-programebi arsebobs da ramdenad mra-valferovani da xarisxiania treningebi.

isini maswavleblis saxlis treningebis Sesaxeb infor-

11 http://liberali.ge/ge/liberali/articles/113580/

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macias iReben skolis administraciisgan. Tumca, trening-ze daregistrirebis SemTxvevaSi, uimedod elodebian treningze gamoZaxebas. aRniSnaven, rom ramdenime wlis win arsebobda sainformacio bukleti, sadac mocemuli iyo in-formacia yvela trening-programze.

fokus-jgufebis monawileebi Tanxmdebian, rom iyene-ben treningze miRebul codnas, Tumca klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba (Tbilisi, Telavi, baTumi) da enobrivi barieri (marneuli) xels uSlis am procesis efeqtianobas. isini aseve aRniSnaven, rom mcire xelfasis gamo aqvT kerZo praq-tika, ris gamoc mcire dro rCebaT praqtikis gaumjobesebi-sTvis.

monawileebs aseve SesaZlebloba hqondaT, epasuxaT daskvniTi kiTxvisTvis:

Tu geqnebodaT erTi wuTi parlamentis wevrebTan Sesax-vedrad, ras urCevdiT maT?

• saxelmwifom misces fuli skolebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebisTvis.

• msmenelebma ZiriTadi aqcenti dasves sertifici-rebis procesze; yvelam erTxmad gamoTqva azri, rom saWiro ar aris maswavlebelTa gamocda, romelic did verafers zomavs da ar cvlis maswavleblis mier Catarebuli gakveTilis xarisxs.

• meti aqcenti unda gadavides maswavlebelTa profe-siul ganviTarebaze. Sefaseba unda moxdes procesze dakvirvebiT, skolis maswavlebelTa CarTulobiT.

• treningebi da kursebi ar unda iyos mxolod ga-mocdebis mosamzadeblad 4 weliwadSi erTxel, is unda iyos uwyveti da saWiroebebze morgebuli. iqve SeiZleba testirebis Catareba da Sedegebis garkveva.

• meti yuradReba maswavleblebs da arCevanis saSu-alebis micema.

• problemaa skolis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumarTaoba.

• didi problemaa is, rom adgilze ar tardeba sagno-

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brivi treningebi da TviTon ver axerxeben TbilisSi siaruls.

• mniSvenlovania saaTobrivi datvirTvis Semcireba da xelfasis gamoTvlisas samuSao staJis gaTvaliswine-ba.

• msmenelebma ZiriTadi aqcenti dasves azebaijanuli saxelmZRvaneloebisa da Sesabamisi resursebis ar-qonaze.

• problemaa skolis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gau-mar Ta obaze.

• iTqva rom saxelmZRvaneloebi cudadaa naTargmni da istoria-geografiis saxelmZRvaneloSi aris Sec-domebi

monawileebma aseve aRniSnes, rom mTavari problema dRes aris maswavleblis dabali xelfasi, motivaciis na-kleboba, sazogadoebisa da Temis saskolo cxovrebisadmi inertuloba, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebi, dabali xelfasi da maswavleblis statusi.

5.daskvnebi

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis servisebis miwodebaSi 2009 wlidan dRemde ganxorcieleb-ulma cvlilebebma:

• ver Secvala sasertifikacio gamocdebze maswavle-belTa Sedegebi;

• ver gaaujobesa swavla-swavlebis mdgomareoba da rig SemTxvevebSi treningebis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxi kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayena.

• maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis pro-gramebis centralizebulma miwodebam SezRuda trening-programebis mravalferovneba;

• gazarda maswavleblebis arainformirebuloba. isini ar floben informacias arsebuli trening-progr-

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amebis miznebisa da amocanebis Sesaxeb.• saxelmwifoSi dRes arsebuli servisebi mimdin-

areobs xarisxis kontrolis gareSe, centralizaciam araqmedunariani gaxada sakanonmdeblo regulaciebi programebis akreditaciis Sesaxeb.

6. danarTi

fokusjgufis diskusiis gegma

1. monawileebTan komunikacia diskusiis dawyebamde• moderatoris wardgena• kvlevis miznebis wardgena

mizani:samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti atarebs kvlevas

maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis ser-visebis decentralizaciis Sesaxeb.

fokusjgufebis Sedegebi gamoqveyndeba kvlevaSi monawile pirebis identificirebis gareSe.

monawileebis SerCevisas gaviTvaliswineT maTi gamoc-dileba. gvainteresebs is gavlena, rac maswavlebelTa pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis treningebma moutana skolebsa da piradad maT.

• miTiTebebi diskusiaSi monawileebisTvis:

ar arsebobs swori an mcdari pasuxebi, kvlevisTvis sain-teresoa sxvadasxva Sexeduleba, diskusias aq gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis ukeT gaazrebis mizniT CaviwerT.

dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis rigiToba unda iyos daculi, aucilebeli araa, daeTanxmoT diskusiaSi monawile maswavleblebis mosazrebebs, yvela mosazreba sainteresoa.

SeniSvna: mobiluri telefonebi gamorTulia.

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moderatori ar monawileobs diskusiaSi, is svams

kiTxvebs.

2. ZiriTadi kiTxvebi (kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas monawilee-bs sTxoveT moiyvanon magaliTebi, moyvnen ambebs):

1. ras fiqrobT maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTa-rebis trening-programebis Sesaxeb? migiRiaT monaw-ileoba? sad Catarda treningi da vis mier?

2. ra mizniT mixvediT treningze (ra iyo mizani: praqti-kis gaumjobeseba, gamocdis Cabareba, Tu skolis di-reqtoris davaleba da sxva)?

3. ramdenad mravalferovani arCevanis saSualeba gqon-daT? SegiZliaT gaixsenoT, ra da ra trenings Soris gaakeTeT arCevani? ratom?

4. ra gansxvavebaa saxelmwifos mier dafinansebul treningebsa da sxva organizaciis mier Catarebul treningebs Soris? ratom eswrebiT saxelmwifos mier Catarebul treningebs? ratom eswrebiT sxva orga-nizaciis mier Catarebul treningebs?

5. ratom TvliT, rom esa Tu is treningi warmatebuli iyo? ras niSnavs TqvenTvis warmatebuli treningi? (hkiTx-eT monawileebs mosazrebebi: a) treningis Catarebis adgilze, moxerxebulia, skolidan moSorebul adgi-las mimdinareobs. b)treningis Sinaarsze, Seesabameba Tu ara is mis saWiroebebs; treningis daswrebamde ic-nobda treningis Sinaarss? rogor Seityo treningis Sesaxeb, SeeZlo Tu ara sxva Tematikis treningis Ser-Ceva, ramdenad xelmisawvdomia treningebis Sesaxeb informacia maTTvis?

6. aris Tu ara waxalisebuli treningi skolis adminis-traciis mier? rogor SearCieT satreningo Tematika?

7. rogor gamoiyeneT treningze Seswavlili masala sas-wavlo procesSi? ramdenad mravalferovania arCev-ani? xdeba Tu ara adgilze axali midgomebis dan-ergva? rogor xdeba? Tu ar xdeba, ras fiqrobT, ra

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SesaZleblobebi aqvs skolas, rom siaxleebi daner-gos, skolis saWiroebidan gamomdinare?

3. daskvniTi kiTxvaam kiTxvam monawileebs saSualeba unda misces, gaiaz-

ron diskusia da SemogvTavazon pozicia an Sexeduleba sakiTxis Sesaxeb, rac mniSvnelovania mkvlevarebisTvis. saSualeba mivceT, gaiazron damokidebuleba kvlevis miznebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu geqnebodaT erTi wuTi par-lamentis wevrebTan Sesaxvedrad, ras urCevdiT maT?

andRes ganxiluli sakiTxebidan ra aris yvelaze mniS-

vnelovani?

4. Semajamebeli kiTxvadiskusiis mokle Sejamebis Semdeg moderatori svams

kiTxvas: adekvaturad SevajameT dRevandeli Sexvedra?

5. saboloo kiTxvamoderatori monawileebs kvlav axsenebs diskusiis

mizans da ekiTxeba:raime xom ar gamogvrCa?

7. gamoyenebuli literatura

1. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciis debuleba, 2009;

2. akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programebis CamonaT-vali http://ganatleba.ge/upload/text/geo/1252823135_02%20akreditebuli%20trening-programebis%20CamonaTvali%281%29.pdf, nanaxia 2013 wlis 29 ivniss;

3. kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, 2005;

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4. profesiuli ganviTarebis dafinansebis vauCerebis ad-ministrirebisa da gamoyenebis instruqciebi sajaro skolebis direqtorebisa da maswavleblebisaTvis http://ganatleba.ge/upload/text/geo/1252823218_instruqciebi%20mas-wavleblebisaTvis%20vauCeris%20misaRebad.pdf nanaxia 2013 wlis 29 ivniss;

5. maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadi, kvleva, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti, 2008;

6. maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadi, kvleva, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti, 2012;

7. maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia, ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis saxelmwifo komisia, 2013;

8. usafrTxo skola sazogadoebis Tanamonawileobis gareSe, samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, gza decentraliza-ciidan centralizaciamde, giorgi mSvenieraZe, 2011;

9. Teacher Competences and Qualifications, 2010, European Commis-sion http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/doc/principles_en.pdf, nanaxia 2013 wlis 25 maiss

kvleva Catarda vestminsteris demokratiis fondis programis `arasamTavrobo seqtorsa da saqaTvelos

parlaments Soris sajaro politikaze dialogis gaum-jobeseba” farglebSi.

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maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia

ganaTlebis da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisia

zogadi ganaTlebis reformis samuSao jgufiirina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe,

marika kapanaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani.

reziume

am dokumentis mizania ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis er-Tian, integrirebul sistemaSi zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiaSi Sesvlisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis xedvis gaziareba ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis sistemis reformis erTian strategiaSi.

migvaCnia, rom saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemis gaumjobeseba, upirveles yovlisa, ukavSirdeba maswavlebels da mis kvalifikacias. maswavlebeli ganapir-obebs skolis efeqtianobas, warmarTavs saswavlo process da pasuxusmgebelia moswavlis mier erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis miRwevaze.

profesionali maswavleblis deficiti zogadsaganmana-Tleblo skolebis mTavari problemaa.

arsebul deficits sxvadasxva faqtori uwyobs xels. maswavleblis profesia kvlav araprestiJuli da dabala-nazRaurebadia. arsebuli sistema ar iZleva karieruli zrdis SesaZleblobebs. profesiaSi myofi adamianebi ori-entirebulni arian maswavleblis statusis SenarCunebaze da ara profesiul ganviTarebaze, xolo axalgazrda po-tenciur kadrebs ar aqvT motivacia, TavianT profesiad maswavlebloba airCion.

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am problemebis gadasaWrelad saWiroa maswavlebelTa profesiis prestiJis amaRleba da moqmedi da momavali mas-wavleblebis motivaciis zrda. es SesaZlebelia ganxor-cieldes ori midgomiT.

1. universaluri midgoma exeba yvela maswavlebels da gu-lisxmobs:

• aRmavali karieruli kibis (pozitiuri diferenciali) principebis danergvas. aRniSnuli principi niSnavs mas-wavleblebis motivaciis zrdas da waxalisebas profesi-uli ganviTarebisaken. sistema xels uwyobs maswavleb-els karierul kibeze aRmasvlaSi, sadac mas yovel zeda safexurze garantirebuli aqvs ukeTesi pirobebi

• karieruli zrdis SesaZleblobas, rac maswavlebelTa realur miRwevebs efuZneba da gamoixateba social-ur-ekonomikuri statusis gaumjobesebaSi, maT Soris, gonivrul samuSao datvirTvasa da adekvatur xelfasSi

• profesiuli ganviTarebis mravalferovan SesaZleblo-ba (treningi, seminarebi, saxelmZRvaneloebi, saswavlo resursebi d.a.S.)

• maswavleblis mosamzadebeli sauniversiteto progr-amebis Tvisebriv gaujobesebas.

2. diferencirebuli midgoma gulisxmobs gansakuTrebiT warmatebul maswavlebelTa gamovlenasa da waxalisebas:

• gansakuTrebuli profesiuli miRwevebis mqone maswav-lebleblebsa da lider maswavleblebs mieniWebaT Sesa-bamisi statusi (mag. gamorCeuli maswavleblis sertifi-kati)

• Sesabamisi statusis mqone maswavleblebs saSualeba eZlevaT, aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis procesSi (maswavlebelTa

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treneri, mentori da sxva)

• saswavlo procesTan mimarTebaSi maswavleblis akademi-uri Tavisuflebis xarisxi kavSirSia mis statusTan

sistemaSi profesionali maswavleblebis raodenobis zrdisa da swavla-swavlebis efeqtianobis gazrdis mizniT, mniSvnelovania gadaixedos saskolo garemo da daigegmos misi reformirebisTvis saWiro programebi. xeli unda See-wyos saintereso iniciativebs, inovaciur saganmanaTleblo proeqtebs.

zemoT xsenebuli midgomebi uaxloes momavalSi gazrdis kvalificiuri kadrebis mxridan maswavleblobaze moTxov-nas. koncefciaSi mocemuli saganmanaTleblo politika iT-valiswinebs maswavleblis profesiaSi Sesvlis msurvelTa gamovlenas, sxvadasxva meqanizmiT pedagogiuri kompeten-ciis zrdasa da kvalifikaciis dadasturebis mravalmxrivi gzebis arsebobas. profesiaSi Sesvlis SesaZleba eZlevaT:

1. maswavleblobis maZieblebs (bakalavris akademiuri xarisxis mqone pirebs);

2. mecnier-mkvlevarebs;

3. specialuri saxelwifo saganmanaTleblo progr-amebis monawileebs;

4. dargobriv specialistebs.

warmodgenili koncefciis mixedviT, skolaSi swavla-swavlebis procesis gaumjobesebis safuZvelia skolaSi maRalkvalificiuri, motivirebuli kadrebis mozidva da waxaliseba. rac SesaZlebelia miRweul iqnas Semdegi prin-cipebis dacviT:

• profesiaSi Sesvlis waxaliseba xdeba maRali profesi-uli standartis pirobebSi;

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• maswavleblis akademiuri Tavisufleba ukavSirdeba mis kompetencias;

• maswavleblis xelfasis zrda xdeba kvalifikaciisa da qveynis mTliani Sida produqtis (mSp) gaTvaliswinebiT;

• inergeba zogadi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis, aseve, mec-nierebis safexurebis efeqturi TanamSromlobis konkre-tuli meqanizmebi;

• maswavleblis kompetenciis Sefaseba xdeba mravalmxrivi midgomiT.

zogadi ganaTlebis reformis samuSao jgufi aseve muS-aobs zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis koncefciaze, romelic efuZneba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi gana-Tlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas. aqac gamoyenebuli iqneba rogorc universaluri, aseve diferencirebuli midgomebi. erTi mxriv, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebi unda akmayo-filebdnen swavla-swavlebisaTvis Sesaferis stantartebs. meore mxriv, iqmneba warCinebul skolaTa jgufi (excellence cluster), romlis wevrebic sargebloben damoukideblobis meti xarisxiT. swored amgvari diversificirebuli mid-goma uzrunvelyofs saganmanaTleblo standartebis erT-gvarovnebas, amavdroulad, ganviTarebisaTvis waaxalisebs skolebs, gaxdnen warCinebul skolaTa jgufis wevrebi.

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maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisia

sainiciativo jgufi: gia dvali, daviT lorTqifaniZe, vaJa bereJiani, zaza kokaia

zogadsaganmanaTleblo mimarTulebis samuSao jgufi: irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, Tamar

mosiaSvili, manana ratiani.

maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefciis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba mi-

iRo simon janaSiam, romelsac samuSao jgufi madlobas uxdis

gaweuli SromisTvis.

samuSao jgufi, agreTve, madlobas uxdis marika kapanaZes

komentarebisTvis.

2013 weli, 9 ianvari

1. saqarTveloSi maswavleblis profesiis mdgomareobis mimoxilva

SemoTavazebuli mimoxilva emyareba saqarTveloSi adgi-lobrivi Tu saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Sedegebs da statis-tikur monacemebs.

“maswavlebelTa saWiro da mosalodneli raodenobis kvl-eva1”, (maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, 2008):

1 http://www.issa-georgia.com/sites/issa/files/uploads/attachments/maswav-lebeli.pdf

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maswavleblebis deficiti: kvlevis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, 2018 wlisaTvis qveyanaSi saWiro iqneba 20 000 mde axali mas-wavleblis momzadeba, im daSvebiT, rom arsebuli kontin-genti datovebs samsaxurs mxolod sapensio asakis miRwevi-sas; amave dokumentis mixedviT, Tu TbilisSi maswavlebelTa raodenoba saWiroze metia, regionebi ganicdian maswavle-belTa mkveTr deficits. ramdenime saganSi katastrofuli mdgomareobaa (musika, fizikuri aRzrda, samoqalaqo ga-naTleba, xelovneba, dawyebiTi klasebis pedagogi), aseve, arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaa sabunebismetyvelo mecniere-bebis pedagogebis naklebobis mxrivac.2

maswavleblebis sqesobriv-asakobrivi Tanafardobis, sertificirebul maswavlebelTa raodenobis Sesaxeb 2012 wlis monacemebi (wyaro: ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemis veb-gverdi: www.emis.ge):

sul saqarTveloSi kerZo da sajaro skolebSi 69828 mas-wavlebelia3. asakobrivi gadanawileba aseTia:

maswavleblebis gadanawileba asakis mixedviT

asakobrivi jgufebi

20 welze naklebi

20-30 30-40 40-50 50-sapensio1 sapensio

raodenoba 24 7057 16410 17756 18084 10497

asakobrivi jgufebis wili

saerTo raodenobaSi

0.003% 10.10% 23.50% 25.43% 25.90% 15.03%

dedaqalaqsa da regionebSi 50 wlis da meti asakis mas-wavleblebis yvelaze didi jgufia, xolo naklebasakiani jgufebis raodenoba ufro da ufro mcirdeba. maswavle-blebis asakobrivi Tanafardobis Sesaxeb arsebuli monace-

2 SeniSvna: maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier welsac tardeba analogiuri kvleva raodenobrivi deficitis dasazusteblad, rac konkretuli rekomendaciebis SemuSavebis saSualebas, monacemebis dinamikaSi analizisa da Sefasebis SesaZleblobas mogvcems.

3 http://catalog.edu.ge/index.php?module=statistics&page=statistics&item_id=43 (nanaxia 2012 wlis 16 noembers)

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mebi gulisxmobs, rom es profesia axalgazrdebisTvis ar aris mimzidveli.

2008 wels maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris dakveTiT ganaTlebis politikis, daegegmvis da marTvis saerTaSoriso institutma Caatara maswavlebelTa arsebuli nakadis kvleva. aRniSnuli monacemebiT irkveva, rom 2008 wels momuSave maswavlebelTa 67%-ma SeiZleba profesia datovos ukeTesi SemoTavazebis pirobebSi; maT-Tvis skolaSi darCenis motivacia 700 lariani anazRaureba SeiZleba gaxdes.

skolaSi darCenisTvis minimaluri anazRaurebisa da sxva samsaxurSi gadasvlisTvis sakmarisi anazRaurebis monace-mebi warmodgenilia finansuri intervalebis saxiT.

diagrama 1

SeniSvnebi:

1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia im maswavlebelTa procen-tuli raodenobebi, romlebmac SekiTxvaze: „ra aris is minimaluri anazRaureba, romelic TqvenTvis iqneboda

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skolaSi maswavleblad darCenis sakmarisi piroba?“ _ daasaxeles gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia maswavlebelTa saerTo SerCevis 67%).

2. lurj svetebSi im maswavlebelTa raodenoba, romleb-mac gansazRvruli Tanxa daasaxeles skolaSi darCenisT-vis, warmodgenilia rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) da pasuxebi gadanawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT.

2006 wels damtkicda maswavleblis momzadebisa da pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis koncefcia4 (saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N29 09 Tebervali, 2006). momzadebuli doku-mentis mixedviT, maswavleblobis uflebis mopoveba See-ZloT ganaTlebis bakalavrebsa da ganaTlebis magistrebs skolaSi erTwliani gamosacdeli periodisa (mentor-maZie-bloba) da sasertifikacio gamocdis warmatebiT Cabarebis Semdeg. ganaTlebis bakalavrebs mxolod dawyebiT klasebSi swavlebis ufleba hqondaT, xolo ganaTlebis magistrebs - dawyebiT, sabazo da saSualo safexurebze. am mosazrebis ukugdeba maleve gaxda saWiro, radgan magistraturaSi ar swavlobs im raodenobiT maswavleblobis msurveli, ramde-nis saWiroebacaa. amdenad, Semdeg wlebSi bakalavriatdam-Tavrebulebsac miecaT maswavleblobis ufleba, Tumca, maT mentor-maZieblis programa unda gaevloT, an erTwliani samuSao staJi daegrovebinaT, rom SeZlebodaT sasertifi-kacio gamocdaze gasvla.

zemoT xsenebuli mentor-maZieblobis programis gavla an erTwliani maswavleblad muSaobis staJi 2007 wels kanon-Si Sesuli cvlilebebis mixedviT moeTxoveboda maswavle-blobis yvela msurvels sasertifikacio gamocdaze gasv-lamde. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri winaswar SerCeul mentorebTan (gamocdil maswavleblebT-an, romlebmac SerCevis etapi da specialuri mosamzadebe-

4 http://www.government.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=E&sec_id=96&info_id=26492

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li programa gaiares) erT an ramdenime maZiebels (maswavle-blobis msurvels) miavlendnen. mentorebis da maZieblebis saqmianobas koordinacias, monitoringsa da kontrols uwevda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri. gegmis mixedviT, 2014 wlamde maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrs unda uzrunveleyo, rom yvela skolas hyoloda specialurad momzadebuli mentori, raTa maT Se-ZlebodaT maZieblebis miReba.

mentor-maZieblobis programis mcire masStabebis gamo, igi profesiaSi Sesvlis barierad iqca, vinaidan yvela skolas ar hyavda mentori da ar SeeZlo mieRo maZieblobis msurve-li. Sesabamisad, am problemis daregulirebis mcdeloba iyo axali sakanonmdeblo cvlileba 2012 wels, romlis mixedvi-Tac yvela umaRlesdamTavrebul bakalavrs profesiaSi Ses-vlis ufleba mieca maZieblobis gavlis gareSe.

mas Semdeg, rac maswavleblebi iwyeben muSaobas, mniS-vnelovania maTi mxardaWera adgilze. kvlevebi uCvenebs, rom maswavleblebis didi nawili pirvelive wlebSi tovebs samsaxurs, Tu ar aqvs Sesabamisi mxardaWera. mentor-maZie-blobis programa iZleva saSualebas, rom maswavleblebma TavianTi Teoriuli codnis praqtikaSi realizeba moaxdi-non, SeZlon skolis klimatTan adaptireba, ar gauneldeT Semdgomi zrdisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis motivacia.

2008 wels SemuSavda da damtkicda maswavleblis pro-fesiuli5 da sagnobrivi standarti6, romelmac axali moTxovnebis winaSe daayena rogorc maswavlebeli, aseve umaRlesi saswavleblebi. standartiT moTxovnil codnasa da unarebTan Sesabamisoba maswavlebelma sasertifikacio gamocdaze unda daadasturos. sasertifikacio gamocdaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli codnisa da unarebis dadastureba arcTu martivi aRmoCnda.

5 http://tpdc.ge/?action=page&p_id=100&lang=geo6 http://tpdc.ge/?action=page&p_id=109&lang=geo

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dReisTvis maswavlebelTa saerTo da sertificirebulTa raodenoba mocemulia cxrilSi:

sul maswavleblebi m.S. sertifici-rebulebi

sertifici-rebulebi -

mamr.

sertifici-rebulebi -

mdedr.

69828 8606 394 8212

(wyaro: ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema http://cat-alog.edu.ge/index.php?module=statistics&page=statistics&item_id=38)

arsebuli statistikis Tanaxmad, sami wlis ganmavloba-Si (2010-2012 ww), 69828 pedagogidan sertificirebulia 8606 (14.38%) pedagogi. am tendenciis mixedviT, saeWvoa, rom 2015 wlis 1 ianvramde maswavleblebis sruli kontingenti iyos sertificirebuli. kanoni ki 2015 wlis ianvridan maswavle-blobis uflebisaTvis maswavleblebs avaldebulebs, iyvnen sertificirebulebi. aseve, am mosazrebas amyarebs is realo-ba, rom sasertifikacio gamocdebi tardeba weliwadSi erTx-el, darCenilia mxolod 2 sagamocdo cikli.

am etapze, xarisxiani swavlebis TvalsazrisiT, bevri problemaa7, maT Soris:

• moqmedi maswavleblebis dabali motivacia da dabali kompetenciebi8;

• maswavlebelTa raodenoba da asakobrivi Tanafar-doba;

• maswavleblis profesiis araprestiJuloba;

• erTiani saazrovno sivrcis ararseboba;

7 sasurvelia, daigegmos kvleva im problemebis Sesaswavlad, rac aferxebs xarisxian swavla-swavlebis process. aq moyvanili problemebi mxolod gamocdilebis, ucxouri kvlevebis da qarTuli kvlevebis im nawilidanaa amoRebuli, romlebic xarisxian swavlebas iribad exeba.8 sertificirebuli maswavleblebis raodenobisa da maswav-leblebis saerTo raodenobis Tanafardoba.

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• maswavleblis socialuri daucveloba;

• sauniversiteto doneze maswavleblis mosamzadebe-li programebis araprestiJuloba, xarisxi da sax-elmwifosgan naklebi mxardaWera;

• repetitorobis instituti;

• profesiaSi karieruli zrdis SesaZleblobebis ararseboba;

• skolis doneze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTa-rebis naklebi mxardaWera;

• saganmanaTleblo resursebis simwire.

saqarTveloSi swavla-swavlebis procesis gaumjobe-sebisa da zemoT moyvanili sirTuleebis daZlevis mizniT, aucilebelia, gadaixedos pedagogebis rekrutirebis, sauni-versiteto momzadebis, kvalifikaciis miniWebis, profesi-aSi Sesvlis, uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da kari-eruli zrdis procesi. aseve, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces skolebSi xarisxis marTvas9.

2. maswavlebelTa rekrutireba

profesionali maswavleblebis deficitis Sesavsebad mniSvnelovania profesiis popularizacia. aRniSnuli gu-lisxmobs im saxelmwifo programebis gaZlierebas, romle-bic mimarTulia saukeTeso kadrebis mozidvisa da Senar-Cunebisken. sxvadasxva qveynis warmatebuli ganaTlebis sistemebis kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom mxolod ganaTlebis sistemis dafinansebis zrda, klasSi moswavleTa raodeno-bis Semcireba da maswavlebelTa xelfasis gazrda umniSvne-lo gavlenas axdens moswavleTa miRwevebze. samwlian per-speqtivaSi moswavleTa miRwevebi mniSvnelovnad izrdeba

9 skolaSi xarisxis marTvis komponenti aRwerili iqneba dokumentSi, romelzec mimdinareobs muSaoba da uaxloes momavalSi gamoqveyndeba.

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iq, sadac ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba pedagogis profesiaSi motivirebuli, maRali moswrebis kursdamTavrebulTa mo-zidvasa da maT Semdgom ganviTarebaze (mag: samxreT korea pedagogis profesiaSi moizidavs skolis kursdamTavreb-ulebis saukeTeso 5 %-s warmomadgenlebs, fineTi - sauke-TesoTa 10 %-s, xolo singapuri da hong kongi saukeTeso - 30 %-s). 10

Sesabamisad, profesiis prestiJis gazrda unda moxdes.a) maswavleblis mosamzadebeli programebis xarisxis gazr-

diT da programebze miRebis mkacri kriteriumebis dawe-sebiT. Tumca, meore mxriv, arsebobs imis saSiSroeba, rom miRebis kriteriumebis gamkacrebasTan erTad, SeiZleba pirvel etapze Semcirdes maswavleblobis msurvelTa ricxvi. am riskis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, SesaZlebe-lia, pirvel etapze aqcenti gakeTdes ara mxolod im abi-turientebze, romelTac saukeTeso qulebi daagroves erovnul gamocdebze, aramed universitetebis mier gan-isazrRvros damatebiTi SerCevis kriteriumebi (mag: in-terviuebi, samotivacio werilebi da sxv) da amis safuZ-velze gamovlindnen motivirebuli kadrebi. SerCeuli kontingentis maRali xarisxis sauniversiteto ganaTle-baze xelmisawvdomoba ki saxelmwifos specialuri zrun-vis sagani unda iyos.

b) maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis procesi skolebSi unda warimarTos gamWvirvaled da kompleqsurad. TiToeuli skolis farlebSi maswavlebli unda gadiodes konkurss, romelic gulisxmobs rogorc sabuTebis ganxilvas, ise gasaubrebas. amavdroulad, rekrutirebis kampaniebSi mniSvnelovania saxelmwifo programebis roli11.

10 http://www.education.gov.uk/inthenews/inthenews/a0078044/government-sets-out-plans-to-attract-the-best-graduates-into-teaching11 saqarTveloSi 2009 wlidan moqmedebs maswavlebelTa saqarTveloSi 2009 wlidan moqmedebs maswavlebelTa rekrutirebis saxelmwifo programebi ̀ aswavle saqarTvelosTvis“, „viswavloT qarTuli, rogorc meore ena“ da „qarTuli ena

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g) maswavleblebis anazRaurebis minimumi (arasertificire-bulis) erT maswavlebelze sasurvelia Seadgendes mSp-s 100%-mde erT sul mosaxleze (weliwadSi 3098 dolaria)12 2014 wlidan. mSp-ze xelfasis mibma uzrunvelyofs xel-fasis zrdas ekonomikis zrdis paralelurad. am da Sem-degi punqtis gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa saskolo da-finansebis biujetis zrda. maswavleblebisTvis xelfasis zrdis uzrunvelyofa daaxloebiT 20 wlis perspeqtivaSi unda iyos cnobili da mibmuli iyos mSp-s.

d) xelfasis zrda unda iyos SesaZlebeli maswavleblis statusis amaRlebiT, karierul kibeze misi winsvliT, romelic unda asaxavdes misi kompetenciebis zrdas da mibmuli ar unda iyos maswavleblad muSaobis xan-grZlivobaze. mravali kvleviT dasturdeba, rom maswav-leblad muSaobis xangrZlivoba ar gulisxmobs kompe-tenciebis aucilebel zrdas. gansakuTrebiT warCinebul maswavlebelTaTvis unda Seiqmnas gansakuTrebuli so-cialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi.

e) profesiuli asociaciebis daarsebis, gaZlierebisa da funqcionirebis dawyebis xelSewyoba. aseve mniSvnelova-nia am asociaciebis farglebSi konferenciebis, pub-likaciebis, konkursebisa da profesiuli standartebis ganviTarebis mxardaWera. amis gakeTeba sasurvelia sa-granto programebiT.

z) maswavleblis profesiis prestiJis gazrdas mniS-vnelovnad uwyobs xels maswavleblebis samuSao piro-bebze zrunva, rac aseve umniSvnelovanesia moqmedi maswavleblis uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis uzrunv-elsayofad (am kuTxiT gasatarebeli RonisZebebi ixileT dokumentis uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis nawilSi)

momavali warmatebisTvis“.12 http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Asia/Georgia/gdp-per-capita

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3. sauniversiteto momzadeba

2012 wlisaTvis akreditebul umaRles saganmanaTle-blo dawesebulebaTagan cxra universiteti sTavazobs abi-turientebs ganaTlebaSi (maT Soris, dawyebiTi ganaTleba, inkluziuri ganaTleba, pedagogika) sabakalavro programas. Tumca, profesiis araprestiJulobis gamo, am mimarTule-baze misaRebi kontingentis odenoba Zalian mcirea. aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi maswavleblobas im fakultetebis kursdamTavrebulebi irCeven (qimikosebi, fizikosebi da a.S), romlebsac universitetebSi ar uswavli-aT swavlisa da ganviTarebis Teoriebi da sagnobrivi meTo-dika. specializebuli pedagogikis kursis gavlis moTxovna momavali maswavleblebisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia maRali xarisxis, moswavleze orientirebuli efeqtiani saswavlo procesisaTvis. maswavleblis mosamzadebeli umaRlesi ga-naTlebis programa maswavleblobis msurvelebs profesi-uli mzaobis saSualebas unda aZlevdes. studentebma unda miiRon maswavleblis profesiuli da sagnobrivi stand-artiT gaTvaliswinebuli codna da aRiWurvon Sesabamisi unarebiT, risTvisac aucilebelia, rom umaRlesis progr-amebi SesabamisobaSi iyos saganmanaTleblo standartebTan ara mxolod deklarirebulad, aramed realurad.

sauniversiteto programebis mTavari xarvezi Teoriis praqtikisagan mowyvetaa. mniSvnelovania, universitetebs mWidro kavSiri hqondeT skolebTan, maswavleblis momza-debis programis komponenti saskolo praqtika iyos. sas-kolo praqtikis qmedunarianobisa da masSi monawile mas-wavleblebis motivaciisTvis SesaZlebelia, amuSavdes saxelmwifo programebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs maswav-leblis dafinansebas, aseve SesaZlebelia maswavlebeli am tipis saqmianobis Sedegad iRebdes kreditebs profesiuli ganviTarebis procesSi. vinaidan mentor-maswavleblebis profesiul ganviTarebaze zrunavs saxelmwifo, SesaZlebe-lia, studentebi praqtikas maTTan gadiodnen.

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yvela qvemoT aRwerili sauniversiteto programis saganmanaTleblo standartebTan Sesabamisoba unda da-dasturdes ara mxolod universitetebis Sida, xarisxis marTvis samsaxurebis mier, aramed ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebisa da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centrebis Sesabamisi samsaxurebis mier.

umaRles saswavleblebSi maswavleblobis kvalifikaciis miReba SesaZlebelia:

a) maswavleblebis momzadebis procesSi 60 kreditiani modulis safuZvelze, romelic iTvaliswinebs maswavleb-lis profesiuli standartis zogadi sakiTxebis swavlebas.

meti moqnilobisTvis SesaZlebelia universitetebSi waxalisdes/ganviTardes 60 kreditiani programis:

• integrireba bakalavriatSi (3+1), • gavla bakalavris xarisxis aRebis Semdeg (4+1),• gavla magistraturis farglebSi (4+1+1).

4. kvalifikaciis miniWeba

dRes nebismier umaRlesdamTavrebuls SeuZlia Caabaros sasertifikacio gamocda da moipovos maswavleblobis ufleba. vfiqrobT, es iniciativa unda modificirdes imgvarad, rom erTwliani (60 kreditiani) maswavleblis momzadebis programa savaldebulo gaxdes. mxolod am kur-sis gavlis Semdeg unda mieceT sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabarebisa da maswavleblis uflebis mopovebis saSualeba im adamianebs, romlebic saskolo sagnebis relevantur spe-cialobebze swavlobdnen bakalavriatSi.

cireba amJamad moiazrebs mxolod sasertifikacio ga-mocdis Cabarebas, Tumca mniSvnelovania, rom momavalSi (2015 wlidan) sertificirebis komponentebi iyos gasau-breba da maswavleblis portfolios Semowmeba. maswavleb-lis portfolioSi Seva mentor-maZieblobis dros dagro-vili namuSevrebi, an skolaSi praqtikasTan dakavSirebuli gamocdilebis dokumentacia. namuSevrebTan erTad unda

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iyos maswavleblis mier Catarebuli ramdenime gakveTilis videomasala. interviuebi da portfolios Semowmeba unda moxdes ganaTlebis eqspertebis mier, rasac organizebas gauwevs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnu-li centri. 2015 wlamde mizanSewonilad ar migvaCnia am cv-lilebebis Setana, raTa arsebuli sertificirebis wesiT am procesSi yvela maswavlebeli Tanaswor pirobebSi iyos Cay-enebuli da maT winaswar hqondeT informacia mosalodnel cvlilebebze, rac siaxleebisadmi maT mzaobas aamaRlebs.

xolo rac Seexeba im maswavleblebs, romlebic ukve sertificirebulni arian, maT karieruli kibis Semdeg safexurze gadasvlisaTvis, sxva moTxovnebTan erTad, dae-matebaT portfolios wardgenis moTxovna.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mniSvnelovania, rom arsebob-des gansakuTrebiT warmatebuli maswavleblebis waxal-isebis SesaZlebloba (exmianeba pozitiuri diferencialis cnebas). magaliTad, SemoRebul iqnas gamorCeuli maswav-leblis sertifikati. es sertifikati iqneba sruliad ne-bayoflobiTi. am statusis miniWebaze keTdeba specialuri moTxovna maswavleblis, skolis, resurs-centris, munici-palitetis an sxva dainteresebuli jgufebis mier. sertifi-katis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebeli miiRebs garkveul sargebels (mag. miiRebs stipendias an daufinansdeba sa-surveli profesiuli ganviTarebis kursi sazRvargareT).

dRes am tipis sertificirebad SeiZleba moviazroT in-glisurisa da kompiuteris gamocda, romlis Cabarebis Sem-TxvevaSi maswavleblis anazRaureba izrdeba 1000 laramde. Tumca, problema is aris, rom inglisuris da kompiuteris gamocdaze miRebuli qula realurad aranairad ar gansaz-Rvravs, ramdenad exmareba es codna da unarebi maswavleb-els klasSi, an ramdenad efeqturad iyenebs igi am unarebs swavlebis procesSi.

Cven mier SemoTavazebuli sertificireba ki daeyrdnoba ara gamocdas, aramed maswavleblis gansakuTrebul miRw-evebs, risi kriteriumebic konkretulad gaiwereba maswav-

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lebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris Seqmnili komi-siis mier da SeTanxmdeba dainteresebul mxareebTan. aseTi maswavleblebis kategoriaSi SeiZleba moxvdnen isini, vinc mag. 1)swavleba daiwyo gansakuTrebiT rTul klasSi da or-sam weliwadSi sagrZnoblad gaaumjobesa moswavleTa miRw-evebi, 2)kolegebisaTvis dawera profesiuli ganviTarebis saxelmZRvanelo kritikuli Tu SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebaze da a.S. am maswavleblis Sefaseba iqneba mra-valmxrivi da aqcenti gakeTdeba klasSi misi swavlebis meTodebis efeqturobaze; garda amisa, moxdeba Semoqmedi da mkvlevari maswavleblis waxaliseba, es iniciativa ubi-Zgebs gansakuTrebiT karg kadrebs, romlebic Semdgomi gan-viTarebis gzebs skolaSi veRar xedaven, gamoscadon Tavian-Ti SesaZleblobebis maqsimumi (pozitiuri diferenciali).

rac Seexeba arasertificirebul maswavleblebs im sko-lebSi, sadac gansakuTrebiT rTulia sertificirebuli maswavleblis mozidva: SesaZlebelia, amoqmeddes am prob-lemis aRmofxvraze orientirebuli saxelmwifo programe-bi. am programebis farglebSi arasertificirebuli maswav-leblebis kompetenciebi Sefasdeba etapobrivad (mentoris, treningprovaideris, skolis administraciis, profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier).

5. profesiaSi Sesvla

mentor-maZiebloba

mentor-maZieblobis rgolis gaZliereba mniSvnelovania, rogorc momavali maswavleblis mxardamWeri meqnizmi, rac uzrunvelyofs axalgazrda kadrebis profesiasTan adap-tirebas da maTi skolidan wasvlis Sanss amcirebs. saxelm-wifo pasuxismgeblobas iRebs, yvela municipalitetSi hy-avdes `mentori” maswavlebeli (pirvel etapze sasurvelia minimum erTi mentori mainc TiToeuli sagnobrivi jgu-

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fisTvis), rac gulisxmobs Tanamedrove codniTa da unare-biT aRWurvil gamocdil maswavlebels, romelic gamoc-dilebas uziarebs axalbeda maswavlebels da, Sesabamisad, mudmivad zrunavs sakuTar profesionalizmzec.

am gamosacdeli periodis Semdeg maswavlebeli abarebs sasertifikacio gamocdas. mniSvnelovania, maZiebels sax-elmwifo uxdides xelfass, rogorc damwyeb maswavlebels. sxva SemTxvevaSi, maZieblobis gavla CaiTvleba kidev erT barierad maswavleblis karieraSi, radgan maswavlebels re-alurad muSaobis dawyebisaTvis kidev erTi gamosacdeli weli emateba.

mecnier-mkvlevarebi da saxelwifo programebis

monawileebi

mecnier-mkvlevarTaTvis13, romelTa specialoba erovnu-li saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul sagnebs Seesabameba, profesiaSi Sesvla moxdeba gaiolebuli gziT. saxelmwifo aRiarebs maT sagnobriv codnas, Sesabamisad, maT aRar eqne-baT sertificirebisas moTxovnili sagnobrivi gamocdis Cabarebis valdebuleba. Tumca, maT unda daadasturon pedagogiuri unarebis floba. es SeiZleba moxdes Semde-gi sami gzidan erT-erTis arCeviT: 1. arsebuli 60 kredi-tiani maswavleblis mosamzadebeli programis gavliT; 2. mecnier-mkvlevarTaTvis specialurad SemuSavebuli, maT saWiroebebze morgebuli moklevadiani da intensiuri pro-gramis gavliT, sadac aqcenti gakeTdeba saswavlo gegmaze, moswavleTa asakobriv Taviseburebebze da swavlebis meTo-debze; 3. profesiuli unarebs gamocdaze kvalifikaciis dadasturebiT mecnier-mkvlevarebs exsnebaT skolaSi maZ-ieblobis moTxovna.

maZieblobis programis gavlis moTxovna exsnebaT im adamianebs, romelTac gavlili aqvT Sesabamisi saxelmwifo

13 komunike, umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis koncefciis proeqti, 2012, gv 17-18

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programa, romlis farglebSic skolaSi swavleba iyo gaT-valiswinebuli (aswavle saqarTvelosTvis, qarTuli ena mo-mavali warmatebisTvis d.a.S.14).

maT sasertifikacio gamocdebze mouwevT kvalifikaciis dadastureba.

6. uwyveti profesiuli ganviTareba da karieruli zrda

kvalifikaciis amaRleba praqtikosi maswavleblisaT-vis mudmivad unda iyos SesaZlebeli da aseve maswavleb-els unda hqondes motivacia, gamoiyenos es SesaZlebloba. universaluri midgoma yvela maswavlebels unda aZlevdes SesaZleblobas, gaizardos profesiulad treningebis, seminarebis, masterklasebis, konferenciebis gziT da mec-nierebTan TanamSromlobiT. garda amisa, unda gamovlidnen da waxalisdnen gansakuTrebuli miRwevebis mqone maswavle-blebi da mieniWoT Sesabamisi statusi (mag. excellent cluster-Si dajgufeba). es iqneba diferencirebuli midgoma, romelic orientirebulia pozitivze.15

arsebuli mdgomareobiT, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri aris msxvili moTamaSe, romelic sax-elmwifos mier finansdeba maswavlebelTa momzadebis da ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT. saxelmwifo centralizebuli meTodebiT ver gadis saWiro masStabebsa da xarisxze. Se-sabamisad, saWiroa arsebuli modelis gadaxedva da profe-siuli ganviTarebis momsaxurebis decentralizacia, raTa

14 arsebuli programebidan aseTad SegviZlia miviCnioT: aswavle saqarTvelosTvis - saqarTvelos rTul regionebSi axalgazrda, energiuli da motivirebuli specialistebis mizidva; vaswavloT qarTuli, rogorc meore ena - eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi qarTuli enis swavleba; qarTuli ena momavali warmatebisTvis - erovnuli umciresobebisTvis saxelmwifo enis swavlebis xelSewyoba, bilingvuri swavlebis danergvas.15 es aseve gulisxmobs maswavleblis axlandeli universa luri es aseve gulisxmobs maswavleblis axlandeli universa luri standartis diferencirebas miRwevis doneebis mixedviT

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efeqturad da mizanmimarTulad moxdes maswavlebelTa momzadeba da gadamzadeba.

uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karireuli zr-dis sistemis moqnilobisa da efeqturobisaTvis saukeTeso saSualebaa damoukidebeli, TviTregulirebadi profesi-uli asociaciebis saqmianoba. erTi mxriv, aseTi asociacie-bi aris profesiaSi warmatebulTa gamovlenis, profesiaSi myofi adamianebis mier erTmaneTis ganviTarebaze zrunvisa da jansaRi konkurenciis xelSewyobis gamocdili SesaZle-bloba.

decentralizaciis farglebSi unda Seicvalos mas-wavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis dafinansebis mod-eli da ganisazRvros TiToeul maswavlebelze gamosayofi Tanxa, romelsac is konkurentunarian bazarze gamoiyenebs da gaakeTebs arCevans misTvis saintereso momsaxurebis sa-sargeblod.

maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier saWiroebebis kvlevis, moTxovnebis analizisa da mimdin-are cvlilebebidan gamomdinare, unda moxdes profesi-uli ganviTarebis programebis dakveTa provaiderebisT-vis (universitetebi, asociacia da sxv). unda daigegmos gansaxorciebeli intervenciebi. centri iTanamSromlebs xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnul centrTan provaiderebis mier momzadebuli profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis xarisxis Sesabamisobis dasadgenad arsebul saganmanaTle-blo standartebTan.

decentralizaciis procesis gardamaval etapze mas-wavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrma SesaZloa Caataros miznobrivi treningebi arsebuli deficitis Ses-avsebad. amis saWiroeba SeiZleba iyos: a) droebiT, vidre provaiderebis mier momzaddeba trening-modulebi da pro-gramebi; b) nebismier etapze, Tuki xarisxi ar daakmayofi-lebs moTxovnebs, an ar iarsebebs Sesabamisi SemoTavazebebi.

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema - am etapze arsebuli programa gulisxmobs ukve sertifici-

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rebuli maswavleblebis CarTvas sqemaSi, rac saSualebas iZleva, maswavlebelma gansxvavebuli 7 aqtivobiT daagro-vos Sesabamisi kreditebis moculoba, rac 8 weliwadSi mas saSualebas miscems, ar ganiaxlos sertifikati gamocdaze gasvliT, amasTan erTad, aimaRlos Tavisi statusi da gax-des pirveli kategoriis maswavlebeli. momdevno 8 wlis manZilze mas SeuZlia umaRles kategorias miaRwios. mas-wavleblebis gamoxmaurebiT, maTi arCarTvis, an kritikuli damokidebulebis mizezi aris programis vadebi: 16 weli sa-Sualo da saSualoze maRali asakis maswavleblebisTvis ab-soluturad miuRebelia. aseve, ar arsebobs garantia, rom ganaTlebaSi stabilurad gagrZeldeba politika da sqemac ar gauqmdeba. 8 wliani periodi saerTaSoriso gamocdile-biT ar dasturdeba. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTa-rebis erovnuli centri atarebs kvlevas sqemaSi cvlile-bebis Sesatanad.

arsebuli sqema unda gadaxalisdes, raTa gaizardos mas-wavlebelTa masSi CarTvis motivacia:

• Semcirdes kategoriebis miRwevis dro da nacvlad 8+8, gaxdes 4+4;

• gamravalferovndes is aqtivobebi, romlebsac kreditebi mieniWeba;

• gadaixedos kreditebis miniWebis sqema;

• aRmoifxvras usamarTloba, romlis mixedviTac ga-naTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros da masTan ar-sebuli ssip-ebis mier ganxorcielebuli treningebi Tu sxva saswavlo programebi orjer meti kreditis momtania, vidre sxva saerTaSoriso Tu adgilobrivi organizaciebis mier Catarebuli;

• winaswar ganisazRvros, Tu rogor Seicvleba maswav-leblis danamati kategoriebis miRwevisas da gaizo-mos mSp-is mixedviT. aRniSnuli cvlileba maswavle-belTa CarTvis motivacias gazrdis;

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• kategoriebis miniWeba moxdes saqmianobebis da ara resertificirebis vadis Sesabamisad;

• maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganvTarebisa da kari-eruli zrdis procesis xelSewyobis mizniT, Tu mas-wavlebeli miaRwevs umaRles kategorias, es miRweva gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos, rogorc misi profe-siuli zrdis seriozuli safuZveli; am tipis adami-anebis monawileoba skolis politikis gansazRvris sakiTxebSi da sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo program-aSi (mentorebad da trenerebad) damatebiT motiva-cias gauCens maswavleblebs, CaerTon procesSi.

mniSvnelovania maswavleblebis winare da profesiuli ganviTarebis treningis formebis gaumjobeseba Semdegi gzebiT:

• skolis bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi (Tanaswori ganmanaTleblebi, mowveuli trenerebi, konsultantebi da sxva).

• skolis gareT, universitetebisa da sxva asociaciebis mier organizebuli seminarebi, treningebi, konfer-enciebi da sxv.

• kvalifikaciis amaRlebis mxardaWera unda iyos di-versificirebuli, maswavleblebis saWiroebidan gamomdinare. dafinansebis odenoba unda Seesabame-bodes maswavleblisa da skolis saWiroebas, Sesabam-isad, gansxvavebuli unda iyos qalaqisa da soflis skolebisTvis. saerTaSoriso an adgilobrivi Se-fasebebiT, sadac cudi Sedegebi gvaqvs, sasurvelia meti mxardaWera da meTvalyureoba.

• kargi iqneba skolebisTvis sagranto sistema, rode-sac skola moiTxovs da marTavs grants sakuTari TanamSromlebis profesiuli ganviTarebis mizniT.

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7. garemo

sistemaSi profesionali maswavleblebis raodenobis zrdisa da swavla-swavlebis efeqtianobis gazrdis mizniT, mniSvnelovania gadaixedos saskolo garemo da daigegmos misi reformirebisTvis saWiro programebi.

skolebis TanamSromloba umaRles saganmanaTleblo da samecniero dawesebulebebTan

mniSvnelovania skolebis TanamSromloba samecniero da sauniversiteto instituciebTan, raTa Seiqmnas erTiani saazrovno sivrce, rac Seamoklebs manZils moswavlesa da uaxles samecniero codnas Soris da xels Seuwyobs moswav-leebSi kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTare-bas.

aRniSnuli TanamSromlobis ganxorcieleba SesaZle-belia moxdes erToblivi saganmanaTleblo programebiT, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi vizitebiT kvleviT laboratoriebSi, saxatvro saxelosnoebSi, muzeumebSi. sasurvelia am dawe-sebulebebs hqondeT specialurad SemuSavebuli saswavlo-SemecnebiTi programebi, romlis SeqmnaSi CarTaven skolis maswavleblebs da romlebsac SemdgomSi gamoiyeneben msgav-si vizitebisas.

mniSvnelovania, rom mecnier-mkvlevarebis mier Cat-ardes sajaro leqciebi rogorc maswavleblebisaTvis, aseve moswavleebisaTvis.

umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebTan erTo-blivi kvleviTi proeqtebi mniSvnelovnad waadgeba rogorc konkretul maswavlebels, aseve skolas. aq ZiriTadad vgu-lisxmobT egreT wodebul praqtikul kvlevas. praqtikuli kvleva msoflioSi aRiarebulia, rogorc erT-erTi saSu-aleba, gamovikvlioT skolaSi swavla-swavlebis procesTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli problemebi da movZebnoT maTi gadaWris gzebi. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebe-bi unda waxalisden. raTa skolebSi maswavleblebTan Tanam-SromlobiT Caataron praqtikuli kvlevebi.

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maswavleblebis akademiuri Tavisuflebisa da av-tonomiis gaZliereba

mniSvnelovania, rom maswavleblebi, garda angariSval-debulebisa, aseve flobdnen Tavisuflebasac sakuTari midgomebis, resursebis, profesiuli zrdis SesaZleblo-bebis SerCevaSi. SesaZloa, Tavisuflebis xarisxi ar iyos yvelasTvis erTgvarovani. SesaZloa, im skolebSi, sadac cnobili iqneba, rom moswavleebi cud Sedegebs aCveneben, Tavisuflebis naklebi xarisxi iyos da saWiro iyos sax-elmwifo mxridan frTxili Careva. sifrTxile saWiroa im-isTvis, rom ar moxdes maswavleblebis mxridan pasuxismge-blobebis saxelmwifosTvis gadabareba. mniSvnelovania, rom mkacrad gansazRvrulma midgomebma ar gamoiwvios maswav-leblebis profesiuli zrdis SesaZleblobebis Semcireba da demotivireba.

maswavleblebis samuSao pirobebze zrunva

maswavleblebis samuSao pirobebis zrunva ara mxolod profesiis mimzidvelobas zrdis, aramed, maTi kvalifi-kaciis amaRlebis SesaZleblobas da efeqturobasac. sa-muSao pirobebis gaumjobesebaSi igulisxmeba rogorc in-frastruqturis, ise socialuri garemos da datvirTvis gaumjobeseba.

infrastruqturuli cvlilebebi

yvela skolaSi maswavleblebs unda SeeqmnaT sakmarisad komfortuli garemo samuSaod. maswavlebels an maswav-lebelTa jgufs, mTeli samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi unda

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hqondeT saganmanaTleblo sakiTxebze muSaobisa da ga-mocdilebis gaziarebis SesaZlebloba. es gulisxmobs mas-wavleblebisTvis personaluri samuSao sivrcis Seqmnas, romelic uzrunvelyofili iqneba maswavleblebisaTvis gankuTvnili kompiuteriT, internetiT, samuSao magidiT. es SesaZleblobas miscems yvela maswavlebels, rom moswav-leebTan konkurenciis gareSe (kompiuterul laboratori-aSi gakveTilebis Semdeg muSaoba) imuSaos axali masalebis moZiebaze, Seqmnasa da gavrcelebaze; aseve, marTvis ele-qtonuli sistemebis gamoyenebaze, da sxv. strategiulad mniSvnelovania, yvela skolaSi iyos maswavleblis bib-lioTeka, romelic aRWurvili iqneba Tanamedrove sagan-manaTleblo literaturiT.

socialuri garemo

maswavleblebs Soris, maswavleblebsa da direqcias Soris ndobisa da profesionaluri urTierTobebis dasa-myareblad mniSvnelovania TanamSromloba skolebSi ro-gorc maswavleblebs, aseve, skolasa da mSoblebs Soris, adgilobriv TemTan; aseve, SesaZleblia axali meqanizmebis danergva: esenia praqtikuli kvlevis proeqtebi, maswavle-blebis mier inicirebuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba sko-lebSi, maswavlebelTa dajildoeba da a.S.

datvirTvis problema

gansakuTrebiT qalaqebis did skolebSi, im sagnebSi, romelTa swavleba mcire raodenobis saaTebs moicavs, sru-li datvirTvisas TiToeuli maswavlebeli aswavlis gaumar-Tleblad bevr moswavles. mag. geografia 7-11 klasebSi iswavleba kviraSi 2 saaTi. kviraSi sruli datvirTvisT-vis (18 saaTi) maswavlebeli aswavlis kviraSi 9 jgufs. Tu

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jgufSi daaxloebiT 30 moswavlea, gamodis, rom maswav-lebeli aswavlis erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi 270 sxvadasx-va moswavles. garda amisa, Tu is 7-11 klasebs aswavlis, gamodis, rom mas TiToeul kviraSi 5 sxvadasxva progra-mis masalisa da davalebebis momzadeba uwevs. msgavsi vi-Tarebaa sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi. aseT viTarebaSi maswavleblebis umetesobas ar aqvs SesaZlebloba, moswav-leebs personalurad gamoexmauros maT mier Sesrulebul davalebebTan dakavSirebiT (anu ganmaviTarebeli Sefase-ba mxolod deklarirebul xasiaTs atarebs da realobaSi ver xorcieldeba). Sesabamisad, naklebad savaraudoa, rom swavlis xarisxi maRali iqneba. samagierod, metad savarau-doa maswavleblebis gadaRla, profesiiT ukmayofileba da Sedegad, gadineba.

maswavleblebis damxmare resursebi

uwyveti ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovania mravalfero-van resursebze xelmisawvdomobis gazrda. globaliza-ciis pirobebSi gazrdilma informaciis nakadma Seamcira wignebze xelmisawvdomobis problemebi, Tumca, maswavle-blebs aqvT enobrivi barieri. amis gamo, saWiroa Taname-drove, xarisxiani pedagogiuri da sagnobrivi literaturis Targmna. msoflio bankis proeqtis farglebSi 2009-2010 wels iTargmna, garedaqtirda da gamosacemad momzadebulia 67 wigni - saganmanaTleblo literatura, romelic dRemde araa xelmisawvdomi skolebisTvis, radgan ar gamocemula. aseve aucilebelia adgilobrivi avtorebis xelSewyoba dag-rovili gamocdilebis gasaziareblad. saswavlo resursebi SeiZleba iyos nabeWdi, audio da video formatis. sasurve-lia, moxdes pedagogTa saWiroebebis kvleva da Sesabamisi aqtiobebis dagegmva resursebTan mimarTebaSi (literatu-ris Targmna, axali damxmare saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmna da a.S).

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maswavleblebis dacva

mniSvnelovania maswavleblebis dacvis axali sistemebis SemoReba. xSiria maswavleblebsa da administracias Soris, an maswavleblebs Soris konfliqtebi. wina wlebSi iyo Sem-Txvevebi, rodesac maswavleblebi Ciodnen partiuli Sexed-ulebebis gamo maTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. mniSvnelova-nia, rom ganviTardes mediaciis rgolebi (profesiuli asociaciebi, profesiuli kavSirebi da sxv.). aseve SesaZle-belia, arsebobdes raime komisiebi skolis farglebs gareT, regionul donoze, romlebic skolis Sida politikuri situaciisgan damoukideblad SeZleben davebis ganxilvas da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas. amgvar komisiebSi SesaZloa Sediodnen adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic maRali ndobiT sargebloben. am komisiebs SesaZloa arc hqondeT raime normatiuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufle-ba, magram maTi rekomendaciis gaTvalisiwineba sasurveli unda iyos skolisTvis,maT rekomendacias aseve unda iT-valiswinebdes saministroc. SesaZloa, igive komisia monaw-ileobdes skolebisTvis gamoyofili sagranto dafinan-sebis konkursebis CatarebaSi, direqtorebis kandidatebis SerCevaSi da sxva.

dRes moqmedi maswavleblebis didma nawilma saqarT-velosaTvis umZimes wlebSi skolebSi saswavlo proce-sis Seuferxeblad warmarTva uzrunvelyos, miuxedavad umZimesi garemo pirobebisa da uxelfasobisa. saxelmwifo madlierebiT unda moekidos sakiTxs da uzrunvelyos mas-wavlebelTa profesiidan Rirseuli wasvla, rac pensiis saxiT gulisxmobs xelfasis mniSvnelovani nawilis (mag:75%) SenarCunebas. maswavlebelTa sapensio sqemis amuSaveba sa-survelia moxdes 2015 wlidan, maSin roca ZalaSi Seva pro-fesiis regulaciasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva meqanizmi.

repetitori maswavleblebi

maswavleblebis nawili gakveTilebis Semdeg repetito-

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robas eweva. es ramdenime mizeziT aris problematuri:

• maswavlebeli nakleb dros uTmobs ZiriTad movaleo-bas - gakveTilebis dagegmvas, naSromebis gasworebas, uwyvet profesiul ganviTarebas;

• maswavlebeli, romelic sakuTar moswavleebs as-wavlis, daintersebulia skolaSi maTi warumate-blobiT imisTvis, rom rekrutireba SeZlos kerZo gakveTilebisTvis.

SesaZloa, erTi gza iyos skolebis mxardaWera gaxan-grZlivebuli programebis TvalsazrisiT, sadac am repeti-torebis dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba ukve oficialurad iqne-ba. aseve SesaZloa, mSoblebis nawili garkveul Tanxasac ki ixdides. Tumca, es programebi ufaso unda iyos skolis/saxelmwifos xarjze socialurad daucvelebisTvis, an maTTvis, visTvisac gadasaxadis gadaxda mZime tvirTia.

zogadi ganaTlebis reformis samuSao jgufi aseve muS-aobs zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis koncefciaze, romelic efuZneba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi gana-Tlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas. aqac gamoyenebuli iqneba rogorc universaluri, aseve diferencirebuli midgomebi. erTi mxriv, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebi unda akmayo-filebdes swavla-swavlebisaTvis Sesaferis stantartebs. meore mxriv, iqmneba warCinebul skolaTa jgufi (excellence cluster), romlis wevrebic sargebloben damoukideblobis meti xarisxiT. swored amgvari diversificirebuli mid-goma uzrunvelyofs saganmanaTleblo standartebis erT-gvarovnebas da, amavdroulad, waaxalisebs skolebs, rom warCinebul skolaTa jgufis wevrebi gaxdnen.

156

Sida kontrolis meqanizmebi da marTvis stili saqarTvelos sajaro

skolebSi

Tamar mosiaSvili, ganaTlebis mkvlevarisocialur mecnierebaTa centri

2012 wlis 2 seqtemberi

abstraqti

saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli ganaTlebis siste-mis reformis veqtoris xSirma cvlam gazarda skolebis centralizaciis procesi. bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonSi Sevida cvlilebebi, romelTa Sedegad gaZlierda ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros roli skolis marTvis procesSi. ministris mier gamocemuli brZanebebis, direqtoris standartis, mas-wavleblisa da moswavlis eTikis standartis damtkicebis safuZvelze 2010 wlis agvisto-seqtemberSi saqarTvelos sajaro skolebma ganaaxles skolis Sinaganawesi. skolis Sinaganawesebma asaxa sistemis marTvaSi Sesuli cvlile-bebi, ramac, saboloo jamSi, nulovani tolerantobis ten-denciebis gaZlierebas Seuwyo xeli. skolis disciplinuri marTvis procedurebi gaZlierda; skolis Sinaganawesebma gansazRvra xisti sadamsjelo zomebi disciplinur ga-dacdomebTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca, disciplinuri gadac-domebis zusti aRwera SemuSavebul SinaganawesebSi ar Cans. am naSromSi Seswavlilia saqarTvelos sajaro skolis Sina-ganawesebi, romlebiTacc ganisazRvreba skolis marTvis stili da kontrolis meqanizmebi. naSromSi naCvenebia gana-Tlebis politikis sitemuri, kerZod, disciplinuri marT-vis sistemis reformirebis saWiroeba.

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1. Sesavali

vardebis revoluciis Semdeg (2003) saqarTvelos xe-lisuflebam mravali reformis ganxorcieleba daiwyo da ganaTleba qveynis ganviTarebis prioritetad gamoacxada. gaaqtiurda ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmt-kicebis proeqti `ilia WavWavaZe“, rogorc skolis marT-visa da misi finansuri SesaZleblobebis mimarTulebiT, aseve swavla-swavlebis procesis gaumjobesebis mizniT. am reformas SeiZleba ewodos uprecedento misi masStabebi-dan da ambiciurobidan gamomdinare1. 2005 wels miRebuli kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ aRiarebda skolis de-mokratiul marTvas, mis decentralizaciasa da angariS-valdebulebas sazogadoebis mimarT2.

kanonSi aisaxa konstituciiT deklarirebuli gana-Tlebis xelmisawvdomobisa da Tanasworobis principebi. an-gariSvaldebuleba, gamWvirvaloba da monawileobasajaro skolis ganviTarebis orientirebi gaxda.

2. skola, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri

damoukidebel saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis sferoSi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi ganxorcielda samjer: 1994, 1997 da 2005 wlebSi. 1994 wels miRebul iqna kanoni `arasaxelm-wifo saero skolebis Sesaxeb3“, romelic aregulirebda sax-elmwifosa da arasaxelmwifo saero skolebis urTierTobas. 1997 wels parlamentma miiRo `ganaTlebis kanoni“, romel-mac gansazRvra zogadi ganaTlebis safexurebi da mizne-

1 ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqti `ilia WavWavaZis“ Sefaseba, agvisto, 2007, mark Sapiro, Siro na-kata, 2008 weli

2 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005 muxli 35.43 kanoni `arasaxelmwifo saero skolebis Sesaxeb“, 1994, saqarT-velos parlamenti.

158

bi4. yvelaze mniSvnelovani 2005 wels miRebuli kanoni iyo, romelmac axleburad gaiazra sajaro skola da misi statusi saerTaSoriso moTxovnebs moargo5. mas Semdeg, rac miRebul iqna kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb (2005 weli), Seicvala skolis statusi da funqcionirebis wesi. Seiqmna sakanonmdeb-lo CarCo, romelic gansazRvravda skolis marTvis sakiTxebsa da swavla-swavlebis process. gTavazobT ramdenime koncep-tualur gansxvavebas, romelsac zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSi safuZveli 2005 wels miRebuli kanonis gamo Caeyara.

cxrili #1 skola 1997 wlidan dRemde

1997-2005 2005 wlidan dRemde

skolis sta-tusi

saxelmwifo skola ar warmoadgenda iuridiul pirs

saxelmwifo skola Camoy-alibda sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirad

skolis av-tonomia

centralizebuli marTva, skolis direqtori iniS-neba arCevnebis gareSe

skolas marTavs sameurveo sabWos mier arCeuli di-reqtori, marTvaSi aseve monawileoben sxva TviTm-marTveli organoebi: mo-swavleTa TviTmmarTvelo-ba da pedagogiuri sabWo

dafinanseba saxelmwifo dakveTis sistema, romlis mixedvi-Tac finansdeba skola

erT moswavleze gaTvlili vauCeruli dafinansebis sistema

saswavlo gegma

ar arsebobda erTiani erovnuli saswavlo gegma, arsebobda saswavlo pro-grama sagnebis mixedviT

Seiqmna erovnuli saswavlo gegma, romelic aerTianebs yvela saswavlo sagans

maswavleblis standarti

ar arsebobda maswavle-blis codnisa da kvali-fikaciis ganmsazRvreli erTiani standarti

Seiqmna maswavleblis profe-siuli standarti, damtkicda sertificirebis debuleba da maswavleblis profesi-uli ganviTarebis sqema

4 saqarTvelos kanoni ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1997 wlis 27 ivnisi. N 826 - II s 5 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005. muxli 1.1, muxli 11, skolis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba, Tavi VI. zogad saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis marTvis principebi, muxli 35. pasuxismgebloba da struqtura

159

reformis yvelze mniSvnelovani miRweva sajaro skolebisTvis avtonomiis miniWeba iyo6. cvlilebebi sak-maod mcire droSi ganxorcielda (2005 wels miRebul iqna kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ da 2006 wlidan skoleb-Si daiwyo sameurveo sabWoebis arCevisa da sabWoebis mier direqtorebis SerCevis procesi). cxrili #2. direqtorTa da maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba decentralizaciisa da skolebis maRali xarisxis avtonomiis mimarT:

Zalian

keTilgan-wyobili

keTil ganwyobili

arakeTil-ganwyobili

Zalian arakeTil-ganwyobili

N

direqtorebi 30 % 70 % 0 % 0 % 106

maswavleblebi 19 % 70 % 9 % 0 % 686

SeniSvna: monacemebi aRebulia publikaciidan: gana-Tlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqtis - `ilia WavWavaZis“ - Sefaseba Padeco. Co.LTD, 2007), gv 170

skolebi gamoxatavdnen mzaobas, gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi CarTuliyvnen. umetes SemTxvevaSi direqtorebi da administracia acxadebda, rom isini gadawyvetilebebs iReben maT mier identificirebul an damoukideblad mop-ovebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT.

saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSi arCeuli sameurveo sab-Wo unda yofiliyo skolebSi mimdinare procesebis gamW-virvaleobisa da monawileobiTi gadawyvetilebis garanti. am organos unda uzrunveleyo sajaro skolis cxovrebaSi sazogadoebis CarTuloba. sameurveo sabWos daxmarebis mizniT, saxelmwifom didi Zalisxmeva gaswia: 2005_2008 wlebSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso gan-viTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT xorcieldeboda proeqti `ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia da akreditacia“, romelmac moamzada treningebi skolis axali mmarTvelo-biTi gundis gaZlierebis mizniT. swored am proeqtis far-

6 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 31, zogadsagan-

manaTleblo dawesebulebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma

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glebSi gamoica publikaciaebi7: `rogor avirCioT skolis direqtori“, (2007), `skolis direqtorisa da sameurveo sabWos TanamSromloba”, (2007), “skolis finansuri marT-va”(2008).

2008 wlidan sameurveo sabWoebis daxmarebisa da skolebis avtonomiurobis mxardaWeris procesi Sesustda, araqmedunariani da gamoucdeli skolis administracia da sameurveo sabWo sakuTari mwiri codnisa da gamocdilebis imedad darCa. swored 2008 wels Sevida pirveli cvlileba kanonSi `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb”, romelic zRudavda skolebis avtonomiurobas.

SesaZlebeli gaxda sameurveo sabWosaTvis direqtoro-bis im kandidatis ganmeorebiT wardgena, romelic direq-torad ar airCies. es iyo erT-erTi pirveli cvlileba, ro-melic „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonSi ganxorcielda da TviTmmarTvelobis Sesustebisaken8 iyo momarTuli.

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministrs di-reqtoris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis ufleba mieniWa. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros gauCnda ufle-bamosileba, gafrTxilebis gareSe daeTxova sajaro skolis sameurveo sabWo9. (2009 wlis 11 ivlisi)

dRes skolebis funqcionirebaSi Carevis ufleba aqvs rogorc ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminsitros, aseve adgilobriv TaviTmmarTvelobas, radgan ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro ukve savaldebulod niSnavs yvela sajaro skolis sameurveo sabWoSi erT wevrs, romelic

7 `rogor avirCioT skolis direqtori“, ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis saministro, 2007), Tamar mosiaSvili, Tamar xatiaSvili `skolis direqtorisa da sameurveo sabWos TanamSromloba”, ga-naTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2007, ”skolis finansuri marTva”, marina talaxaZe, nino dondolaZe, ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis saministro, 2007.

8 kanoni “zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb”, muxli 42,2 direqtoris arCevis wesi (19.12.2008. N790). 9 kanoni “zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb”, muxli 49.7 saxelmwifo kontroli (11.07 .(2009. N1385)

161

aucileblad unda iyos saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis saministros centraluri aparatis warmomad-geneli, an piri saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros teritoriuli organoebis saStato ganrigiT gaTvaliswinebuli Semadgenlobidan10. (11.07.2009. N1385)

sameurveo sabWos saqmianobebSi monawileobis ufleba moipova adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros warmomadgenelma, aseve skolis mandaturma.

miuxedavad kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebebisa, sajaro skola dRemde inarCunebs garkveuli formis avtonomiurobas: formalurad, skolebSi funqcionirebs sameurveo sabWo, romlis wevrebi, garda zemoT aRniSnuli pirebisa, arian maswavleblebi da mSoblebi.

sameurveo sabWos funqciebi mniSvnelovania da gansaz-Rvravs skolis avtonomiurobas11. qvemoT moyvanilia sameurveo sabWos is funqciebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania skolaSi kontrolis meqanizmebisa da marTvis stilis ana-lizisTvis:

sameurveo sabWos funqciebi:- irCevs skolis direqtors;- amtkicebs skolis biujets, direqtoris mier momza-

debul wliur angariSs da uzrunvelyofs mis sajaroobas;- skolis direqtoris wardginebiT amtkicebs skolis

Sinaganawess, romelic amomwuravad gansazRvravs discip-linuri gadacdomebis nusxas da maTTvis gaTvaliswinebul disciplinur saxdelebs, skolidan gadayvanis pirobebs;

- akontrolebs skolis direqciis mier finansebis xar-jvasa da qonebis gankargvas;

- skolis wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT ganixilavs saCivrebs da iRebs Sesabamis zomebs;

10 kanoni “zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb”, muxli 26. C. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros uflebamosileba zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi, (11.07.2009. N1385)11 kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 38, sameurveo sab-Wos funqciebi

162

- disciplinuri gadacdomebis ganxilvis mizniT, skolis wes-debiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT irCevs disciplinur komitets, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis Tanabari raodenobis maswavle-beli, mSobeli da saSualo safexuris moswavle. sameurveo sab-Wo uflebamosilia, wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT discip-linuri komitetis gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb saCivrebi Tavad ganixilos an Seqmnas saapelacio komiteti, romelic ganixi-lavs saCivrebs direqtoris mier disciplinur gadacdomebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb. dauSvebelia disciplin-uri komitetis an saapelacio komitetis specialuri Semadgen-lobis mowveva konkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilvis mizniT;

- iTanxmebs skolis direqtoris mier warmodgenil skolis wesdebis proeqts.

2. Sinaganawesis roli skolis cxovrebaSi „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonis mixedviT

“zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonis mixedviT, skolis Sinaganawesi iqmneba skolis direqtoris mier da mas sameur-veo sabWo amtkicebs.

„zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ kanonSi vkiTxulobT, rom amave kanonis mixedviT, skolis Sinaganawesi aregulirebs disciplinur gadacdomebs, rac ganmartebulia, rogorc SinaganawesiT gansazRvruli wesebis darRveva.

Sesabamisad, Sinaganawesis roli sakmaod viwroa. im dros, rodesac kanonSi ganisazRvra SinaganawesiT dasaregulire-beli sakiTxebis ZiriTadi sferoebi, ministris mier ar iyo damtkicebuli moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi, maswavleblis pro-fesiuli eTikis kodeqsi da skolis direqtoris eTikis kod-eqsi. kodeqsebi miRebul iqna 2010 wlis ivlisi-agvistoSi12. amoqmedda maswavleblis sertificirebis procesi, damt-

12 maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi, ministris brZaneba N 57/6 , 2010 wlis 14 ivlisi, moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi minis-tris brZaneba N 79/n , skolis direqtoris kodeqsi, 2010 wlis 30 agvisto, ministris brZaneba N 8/6.

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kicda maswavlebelTa sertificirebis debuleba (2009 wlis 4 dekemberi13) da profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema (2010).

dokumentebSi naTqvamia, rom skolis Sinaganawesi unda efuZnebodes damtkicebul kodeqsebs.

moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi aregulirebs moswavlis qcevis wesebs, romlebsac moswavle icavs saswavlo procesis mim-dinareobisas skolaSi, agreTve skolis mier organizebul RonisZiebebSi monawileobis dros da xels uwyobs swav-lisaTvis iseTi garemosa da pirobebis Seqmnas, sadac mo-swavle SeZlebs codnis miRebas, unar-Cvevebis gamomuSave-basa da Rirebulebebis Camoyalibebas.

maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi adgens zoga-dsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis maswavleblis profe-siuli qcevis wesebs, romliTac fasdeba maswavleblis profesiuli kompetenturobis xarisxi da romelTa dacva maswavlebels moswavleebis mSoblebis, maswavleblebisa da skolaSi dasaqmebuli sxva pirebis mimarT moeTxoveba.

skolis direqtoris kodeqsi adgens zogadsaganmanaTle-blo dawesebulebis direqtoris qcevis wesebs, romliTac fasdeba direqtoris profesiuli kompetenturobis xarisxi da romelTa dacva mas moswavleebis, mSoblebis, maswav-leblebisa da skolaSi dasaqmebuli sxva pirebis mimarT moeTxoveba.

kvlevaSi ganxilulia is Sinaganawesebi, romlebic mas-wavlebelTa profesiuli eTikis kodeqsis, direqtoris kodeqsisa da moswavlis qcevis kodeqsis SemuSavebis Semdeg damtkicda.

kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ ganmartavs, rom dis-ciplinuri devnisas skola valdebulia ganumartos moswav-les an maswavlebels mis mier Cadenili disciplinuri ga-dacdomis arsi. disciplinuri saxdelebi ki asaxuli unda iyos skolis SinaganawesebSi.

13 saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZaneba N 1101 2009 wlis 4 dekemberi q. Tbilisi, maswavlebelTa sert-ificirebis debulebisa da maswavleblis sertifikatis nimuSis datkicebis Sesaxeb.

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Sinaganawesis SemuSavebaSi monawileobis miReba SeuZlia moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas. „zogadi ganaTlebis Ses-axeb“ kanonis mixedviT (Tavi X, muxli 48), mas ufleba aqvs, SeimuSaos rekomendaciebi14. Sinaganawess amtkicebs sameur-veo sabWo, romlis wevrebi arian maswavleblebi da mSoble-bi. Sesabamisad, Sinaganawesis SemuSavebaSi maTi monawileoba kanonis safuZvelze aris uzrunvelyofili da es monaw-ileoba asaxuli unda iyos SinaganawesebSi.

Sinaganawesi umniSvnelovanesi normatiuli aqtia. misi mopoveba sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda, radgan: skolebis um-ravlesobas ar aqvs vebgverdi, an veb-gverdze ar aqvs gamo-qveynebuli Sinaganawesi. 2012 wlis maisidan amoqmedda ga-naTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema15, Seiqmna skolebis monacemTa baza16. skolis monacemebi Seicavs skolis veb-gverdis misamarTs. magram mxolod mcire skolebis Sina-ganawesebia veb-gverdze atvirTuli. skolebis monacemTa bazis Sesaxeb informacia ixileT danarTSi N1.

monacemTa bazis arsebuli sistema mniSvnelovania gana-Tlebis politikis dagegmvisTvis. monacemTa arsebuli baza am saxiT gaaqtiurda ivnisSi17. sxva monacemebi (skolis Sina-ganawesi, direqtoris mier gamocemuli brZanebebi, skola-Si mimdinare saqmianobebi) unda Seavsos sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis sxva instrumentebma. skolis veb-gverdi am mxriv yvelaze efeqturia, gansakuTrebiT dedaqalaqSi, sa-dac interneti yvela skolisTvis xelmisawvdomia. skolis Sinaganawesebis xelmisawvdomoba ki mniSvnelovania moswav-leebisTvis, maswavleblebisTvis da mSoblebisTvis, aseve skolis TemisTvis, radgan saskolo disciplina emyareba skolis SinaganawesiT dadgenil moTxovnebs18. miuxedavad imisa, rom skolis Sinaganawesi sajaro informaciaa, misi

14 kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 48.a. moswavleTa kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 48.a. moswavleTa „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 48.a. moswavleTa zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 48.a. moswavleTa “, muxli 48.a. moswavleTa muxli 48.a. moswavleTa 48.a. moswavleTa a. moswavleTa moswavleTa moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebi15 www.emis.ge www.emis.ge16 http://catalog.edu.ge17 http://catalog.edu.ge/index.php?module=statistics

18 kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 19.2 skolis disciplina.

165

mopoveba garTulebulia, radgan: skolebs, romlebsac aqvT veb-gverdi, ar aqvT atvirTuli skolis Sinaganawesi, is gamokrulia skolaSi; skolasTan sazogadoebrivi seqto-ris TanamSromloba ki ministris 837-e brZanebis Sedegad SezRudulia. aseve garTulebulia skolidan Sinaganawe-sis gamoTxova, radgan skolebze centralizebuli mmarT-velobis gaZlierebis gamo, skolis administracias uWirs gadawyvetilebis miReba ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis samin-istros, an mis teritoriul organosTan SeTanxmebis gareSe.

Sinaganawesis organul nawils warmoadgens qvemoT CamoTvlili samarTlebrivi dokumentebi:

1. moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi;

2. maswavleblis eTikis kodeqsi;

3. direqtoris eTikis kodeqsi;

4. pedagogis profesiuli standarti;

5. SromiTi xelSekrulebebi;

6. Tanamdebobrivi instruqciebi;

7. mandaturis debuleba.

4.1. kvlevis dizaini

Tavadapirvelad daigegma, rom Sinaganawesebis kvlevisa-Tvis skolebi agverCia SemTxveviTi principiT, moswavleTa raodenobis, regionisa da raionis mixedviT. es ver mox-erxda Semdegi mizezebis gamo:

• ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom ar mogva-woda skolebis monacemTa baza.

• saministros veb-gverdze ganTavsebuli skolebis monacemTa baza ar iyo srulyofili.

• 2012 wlis maisSi amoqmedda ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema, sadac skolebis monacemebi ar aris srulyofili. maisSi sistema ar moicavda maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis raodenobas, moce-

166

muli iyo mxolod maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis Tanafardoba; maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis ra-odenoba sistemas daemata 2012 wlis ivnisSi.

skolebidan Sinaganawesebis gamoTxova sakmaod rTuli procesia, radgan sajaro skolebi ar icaven sajaro infor-maciis gamoTxovis kanoniT gansazRvrul vadebs. nebismieri informacia, romelsac skola gascems araformalurad, SeTanxmebulia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro-sTan. socialur mecnierebaTa centrma werilobiT mimar-Ta ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis ufross. moviTxoveT skolebis Sesaxeb informacia: veb-gverdebi, moswavleTa da maswavleblebis raodeboba19. moTxovnili informacia ver miviReT.

Sesabamisad, miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba, Sinaganawesebis Sinaarsis kvlevisTvis gamogveyenebina is Sinaganawesebi, romelTa mopovebac SesaZlebeli iyo skolebis veb-gverdze.

skolis internet gverdebidan movipoveT Semdegi skolebis Sinaganawesebi (ixileT danarTi 220):

Tbilisis sajaro skolebi N11, 45, 51, 53, 115, 150, 155, 69; samtrediis N2 sajaro skola, quTaisis N40 sajaro skola.

mopovebuli Sinaganawesebis absolutur umravlesobas aqvs erTi da igive struqtura da Sinaarsi.

4.2 Sinaganawesebis Tvisebrivi analizi

Sinaganawesi SemuSavebulia Semdegi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis safuZvelze:

1. saqarTvelos konstitucia (http://tpdc.ge/uploads/saqa-rTvelos_konstitucia1.pdf nanaxia 2012 wlis 5 marts),

19 12/15, 10 Tebervali 2012 w. pasuxi ar migviRia; 12/22, 6 marti 2012 w. - am werilze dagvibrunes pasuxi, 2012 wlis 12 marts, werilis nomeria: 3.585. werili movida universitetis kancelariaSi 15 marts, Tsus kancelariis nomeri 6058/02. socialur-mecnierebaTa centrma pasuxi miiRo 20 marts.20 vebgverdebi nanaxia 2012 wlis 5 marts

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2. ”zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanoni”, http://tpdc.ge/up-loads/news/zogadi_ganatlebis_Sesaxeb_kanoni.pdf

3. samoqalaqo kodeqsi, http://tpdc.ge/uploads/samoqalaqo_kodeqsi.pdf

4. Sromis kodeqsi, http://tpdc.ge/uploads/Sromis_kodeksi.pdf5. kanoni ”sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb“,

ttp://www.mof.ge/show_law.aspx?id=1976. skolis wesdeba.

Sinaganawesi Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisgan:1. zogadi debuleba; 2. saswavlo procesis organizacia;3. muSakTa samuSaoze miRebisa da gaTavisuflebis wesi,

waxalisebis formebi;4. pedagogTa da moswavleTa ZiriTadi ufleba-mova-

leobebi; 5. moswavleTa klasidan klasSi gadayvanis, skolidan

daTxovnisa da garicxvis pirobebi; 6. Sromis pirobebis dacvis wesebi,

swavla-swavlebis procesi, moswavleTa Sefaseba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad (Sinaganawesebis es nawili ganxiluli ar aris, mizne-bidan gamomdinare).

Sinaganawesebi aseve danarTis saxiT Seicavs maswavleb-lisa da moswavlis eTikis kodeqsebs.

4.2.1 saswavlo procesis organizeba

Seesabameba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebs, ker-Zod, mocemulia:

• trimestrebis raodenoba;• cvlis raodenoba;• saswavlo dReebis raodenoba (180 dRe);• saswavlo procesis dasawyisi;• gakveTilis xangrZlivoba (45 wT);

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• Sesvenebebis xangrZlivoba (5 wuTi da 10 wuTi);• inventarizacia21.

4.2.2. muSakTa samuSaoze miReba da daTxovna

skolaSi efeqtiani saswavlo procesis organizebisTvis maswavleblis kvalifikacia mniSvnelovania. saqarTveloSi maswavlebloba regulirebadi profesiaa. kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“ gansazRvravs maswavleblis uflebis mopovebasa da ganaxlebas (kanoni „zogadi ganaTlebis Ses-axeb“, muxli 21.1. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis maswavlebeli)22. 2010 wels amoqmedda sertificirebis sistema, maswavleblebi monawileoben sasertifikacio ga-mocdebSi. barieris warmatebiT gadalaxvis Semdeg isini iZenen sertificirebuli maswavleblis statuss, rac niS-navs, rom maswavleblebma daamtkices sakuTari kvalifika-cia - maTi codna Seesabameba maswavleblis profesiul stan-darts (maswavleblis profesiuli standarti, 2010). imasTan erTad, rom sertificirebis procesi savaldebulod 2014

21 am nawilSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs qonebis inventarizaciis procedurebis aRweras. SinaganawesebSi detaluradaa aRwerili misi Catarebis vadebi, monawile mxareebi, katalogis Seqmna da saWiro inventaris gadacema sagnobrivi kaTedris kuratorebisTvis, kabinetis gamgeebisaTvis. inventarizaciis es modeli SeiZleba pozitiurad Sefasdes, radgan gaTvaliswinebulia, erTi mxriv saganmanaTleblo resursebis aRricxvis wesebi da meore mxriv misi efeqtiani gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi.22 maswavleblis sertificireba moicavs maswavleblobis ufle-bis mopovebasa da ganaxlebas. maswavleblobis uflebis mopoveba am kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi moicavs: am kanoniT dadgenili sakvalifikacio moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas. maswavleblis sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabarebas. 6. maswavleblobis uflebis ganaxlebisaTvis aucilebelia maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTareba am kanoniTa da saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier dadgenili wesiT.

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wlidan iTvleba (`kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 61.2)23 aseve, 2011 wlidan amoqmedda maswavlebelTa pro-fesiuli ganviTarebis sqema, romelic maswavlebels saSu-alebas aZlevs, profesiuli saqmianobis procesSi moagro-vos kreditebi, sqemaSi aRwerili saqmianobis mixedviT24. imisaTvis, rom daculi iyos moswavleebisa da mSoblebis interesebi, profesionali maswavleblebis skolaSi mosa-zidad konkursis gamocxadeba (gansakuTrebiT, qalaqebSi) mniSvnelovania. am mizniT Seqmnil veb-gverdze http://teach-erjobs.ge/ 2012 wlis 28 ivnisis mdgomareobiT gamocxadebu-li iyo 48 vakansia - 23 vakansia TbilisSi, Suaxevis raionSi 18 vakansia, 1 ozurgeTSi, 6 quTaisSi, (http://teacherjobs.ge/, nanaxia 28 ivniss). Seswavlil skolis SinaganawesebSi muSakis samsaxurSi miReba Semdegi procedurebiT xdeba:

a) TanamSromlis samsaxurSi miRebis ZiriTadi moTxovna skolaSi saWiro dokumentebis wargenaa

• Sromis wignaki;• ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumenti;• samedicino cnoba, rom ar arsebobs `xelisSemSleli

garemoebebi“;• SeTavsebis SemTxvevaSi, cnoba ZiriTadi samuSao

adgilidan dakavebuli Tanamdebobisa da muSaobis grafikis miTiTebiT.

samuSaoze miReba formdeba brZanebiT.samuSaoze miRebisas an dadgenili wesiT misi sxva sa-

muSaoze gadayvanisas administracia valdebulia, gaacnos ,maswavlebels Semdegi dokumentebi:

a) skolis wesdebab) skolis Sinaganawesi da moqmedi wesebi

23 2014 wlis bolomde yvela moqmedma maswavlebelma unda Caabaros maswavleblis sasertifikacio gamocda, raTa moipovos maswavleblobis ufleba.

24 maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema, http://www.tpdc.ge/uploads/folder/profesiuli_ganvitarebis_spema.pdf nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss)

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yovel muSakze gaxsnilia piradi saqme, romelic Sedgeba Semdegi CamonaTvalisgan:

• kadrebis aRricxvis piradi furcli;• avtobiografia; • ganaTlebis, kvalifikaciis, profesiuli momzadebis

da sertificirebis damadasturebeli dokumentebis aslebi;

• samedicino daskvna janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb;

• daniSvnis brZanebis amonaweri;• gadayvanis, waxalisebis da gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.

ra ?piradi saqme skolaSi inaxeba muSakis gaTavisuflebis

Semdeg xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi.samuSaoze ayvanis procesSi TanamSromlis piradi saqmis

mowesrigeba dadebiTad SeiZleba Sefasdes. am nawilSi mocemuli zogierTi moTxovna bundovani da

arasrulyofilia. kerZod:• naTqvamia, rom muSaks samsaxurSi warsadgenad es-

aWiroeba samedicino cnoba, rom ar arsebobs `xelis-SemSleli garemoebebi“, Tumca, ar aris aRniSnuli, ra tipis daavadeba SeiZleba warmoadgendes xelis-SemSlel garemoebas;

• samsaxurSi muSakis ayvanis procedurebi asaxavs mx-olod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli dokumentebis nusx-is wardgenas; Sinaganawesi ar moicavs skolis poli-tikas, romelmac unda asaxos maRalkvalificiuri kadrebis skolaSi mozidva (konkursis gamocxadeba, gasaubreba).

samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis safuZvlad SinaganawesSi mocemulia Sromis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi, (muxli 3725 da muxli 3826) romlebic Seswavlil Sinaganawe-sebSi msgavsia. gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia maswavleblis

25 muxli 37. SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetis safuZvlebi: 26 muxli 38. SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSla

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disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi, romelic iTval-iswinebs Semdeg zomebs:

gafrTxileba;sayveduri;sastiki sayveduri;samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba.

cxrili N3, maswavlebelTa disciplinuri saxdelis gamomwvevi

mizezebi

disciplinuri saxdeli mizezi

gafrTxileba: orze meti dagvianebisaTvis an gakveTilis gacdenisaTvis.

pedagogiuri da kolegialuri eTikis normebis darRvevisaTvis

usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevisaTvis.

sayveduri meore gafrTxilebis miRebisas

5-ze meti dagvianebisaTvis an 2 da meti gakveTilis arasapatio mizeziT gacdeni-sas.

pedagogiuri eTikis normebis uxeSi dar-RvevisaTvis.

moswavlis an kolegis sityvieri an fizi-kuri SeuracxyofisaTvis.

skolisaTvis materialuri zaralis miy-enebisTvis (gaufrTxileblobiT).

usafrTxoebis wesebis uxeSi darRvevisaT-vis.

pedsabWos arasapatio mizeziT gacdenisaT-vis.

mSobelTa krebaze gamoucxadeblobisaT-vis.

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sastiki sayveduri kalendaruli gegmis SeusruleblobisaT-vis an misi arqonisaTvis.

damrigeblisTvis dakisrebul movaleoba-Ta SeusruleblobisaTvis.

ori sayveduris an gafrTxilebisa da say-veduris miRebisaTvis.

sistematuri dagvianebisaTvis an 10-zed-meti gacdenisaTvis.

moswavlis an kolegis sityvieri an fizi-kuri SeuracxyofisaTvis.

SinaganawesiT dakisrebul movaleobaTa an? uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT Seusrule-blobisaTvis

skolisaTvis materialuri zaralis ganz-rax miyenebisaTvis.

gakveTilis CaSlisaTvis.

samsaxuridan gaTavi-sufleba

sastiki sayveduris miRebis Semdeg iseTi qmedebis CadenisaTvis, rac imsaxurebs disciplinur saxdels.

pedagogiuri eTikis normebis gansa-kuTrebiT uxeSi darRvevisaTvis.

moswavlis an kolegis ganzrax fizikuri SeuracxyofisaTvis.

sistematiuri dagvianebisa da gacdenisaTvis.

skolisaTvis mniSvnelovani materialuri zaralis miyenebisTvis.

usafrTxoebis wesebis iseTi uxeSi dar-RvevisaTvis, rac moswavlis an kolegis dazianebis mizezi gaxda.

SeniSvna: SinaganawesSi aseve mocemulia disciplinuri saxdeli - xelfasis dakaveba, magram araumetes mTliani Tanxis 30%-isa, Tumca, ganmartebuli araa, romeli gafrTx-ilebis SemTxvevaSi.

disciplinuri saxdelisa da misi gamomwvevi mizezebis gansazRvra SeiZleba dadebiTad Sefasdes.

skolis Sinaganawesis xarvezi isaa, rom mxolod dasjisa da misi gamomwvevi mizezebis CamonaTvals Seicavs. waxal-isebis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom skolis direqtors SeuZlia

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maswavleblis waxaliseba. maswavlebeli: swavlebasa da aRzrdaSi warmatebebisa

da muSaobaSi mopovebuli sxva miRwevebisaTvis gamoiyeneba Semdegi saxis waxalisebebi:

• madlobis gamocxadeba;• fasiani saCuqris gadacema;• premia an fuladi jildo da sxva.araa gansazRvruli, ras gulisxmobs swavlebasa da aRzr-

daSi warmateba da sxva miRwevebi; aseve, araa miTiTebuli ped-agogiuri sabWos, moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobisa da sameur-veo sabWos roli maswavleblis waxalisebis procesSi (maTi roli warmatebuli maswavleblis nominaciaze wardgenisTvis).

4. 2.3. moswavleTa ZiriTadi ufleba-movaleobebi

moswavleTa ufleba-movaleobebi efuZneba moswavlis eTikis kodeqss. Seswavlili Sinaganawesebi Seicavs maswav-leblisa da moswavlis eTikis kodeqsis aslebs. amasTan er-Tad, moicavs disciplinuri gadacdomebis CamonaTvalsa da maTze reagirebis formebs.

es nawili moicavs detalur instruqcias moswavlis valdebulebebis Sesaxeb, raTa skolaSi daculi iyos disci-plina. magaliTad: rodesac moswavle acdens gakveTils, man klasis damrigebels unda warudginos gacdenis oficial-uri axsna-ganmarteba, axsna-ganmartebis wardgenis vadebi araa miTiTebuli.

aris aseTi Canawerebic: ̀ skolaSi daicvas wesrigi da siCume“, `skolisTvis miyenebuli zarali aanazRauros mSobelma“. `mo-swavles ekrZaleba Sesvenebaze Widaoba, yvirili, Cxubi“ da sxva.

moswavles disciplinuri darRvevebisaTvis SeiZleba daedos disciplinuri saxdeli an saxdelis gansakuTrebu-li forma - skolidan garicxva.

moswavlis disciplinuri saxdelebia:a) gafrTxileba;b) sajarod bodiSis moxda;

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g) sayveduri;d) sastiki sayveduri

disciplinis darRvevaze reagirebis iseTi formebi, rog-orebicaa skolaSi damatebiTi saaTebis gatareba biblioTeka-Si, an raime samuSaos Sesruleba, arc erTi skolis Sinaganawes-Si ar gvxvdeba, aseve, araa aRniSnuli mSoblis informirebis procedurebi. skolis Sinaganawesi ar asaxavs iseT faqtze re-agirebis procedurebs, rogoricaa Cagvra.

cxrili N4. moswavleTa disciplinuri saxdelis gamomwvevi mizezebi

disciplinuri saxdeli mizezi

gafrTxileba gakveTilze an dasvenebaze disciplinis msub-uqi darRvevisaTvis.

usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevisaTvis.

amxanagis sityvieri SeuracxyofisaTvis.

ori an meti dagvianebisaTvis an gakveTilis (arasapatio mizeziT) gacdenisaTvis.

saskolo procesisadmi zerele damokideb-ulebisaTvis.

saskolo qonebis dazianebisaTvis.

sayveduri gafrTxilebis ganmeorebiT miRebisas.

gakveTilze an dasvenebaze disciplinis dar-RvevisaTvis.

usafrTxoebis wesebis uxeSi darRvevisaTvis.

amxanagis sityvieri an mcire fizikuri Seura-cxyofisaTvis

maswavleblis sityvieri SeuracxyofisaTvis.

xuTi an meti dagvianebisaTvis, an erTze meti gakveTilis arasapatio mizeziT gacdenisaTvis.

saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesisadmi zerele damokidebulebisaTvis.

sastiki sayveduri gafrTxilebisa da sayveduris, an ori sayve-duris miRebisas.

disciplinis uxeSi darRvevisaTvis.

aTze meti gakveTilis arasapatio mizeziT gacdenisaTvis.

amxanagis fizikuri SeuracxyofisaTvis.

swavlisadmi sistematuri zerele damokideb-ulebisaTvis.

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skolidan garicxva sastiki sayveduris miRebis Semdeg Caidens iseT qmedebas, rac imsaxurebs disciplina-rul saxdels

sistematiurad uxeSad arRvevs disciplinas.

sistematiurad acdens gakveTilebs arasapa-tio mizeziT.

maswavlebels miayenebs fizikur Seuracxyo-fas, an daemuqreba mas raime formiT.

moswavles miayenebs uxeS fizikur Seuracxyo-fas.

skolaSi gamocxaddeba nasvam mdgomareobaSi an narkotikebis zemoqmedebis qveS (rogor xdeba narkotikuli zemoqmdebis dadgena, aR-werili araa)

skolas miayenebs mniSvnelovan materialur zarals.

mis mimarT ZalaSi Seva sisxlis samarTlis gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni.

skolis SinaganawesebSi sakmaod detaluradaa aRweri-li disciplinuri saxdelebi. pozitiurad SeiZleba CaiT-valos is, rom garda saxdelebisa, aRwerilia mSoblebis informirebis procedurebi: `klasis damrigeblis dakav-Sirebas moswavlis mSobelTan, masTan gasaubrebas da Sesa-bamisi oficialuri Canaweris gaformebas, rac dasturdeba mSoblis xelis moweriT“, sityvieri gafrTxileba ar aisaxe-ba moswavlis pirad saqmeSi.

moswavlisTvis direqtoris mier werilobiTi SeniS-vna/sayveduris gamocxadeba SesaZlebelia maswavleblis wardginebis an/da aseTi wardginebis gareSe. werilobiTi sayveduris gacnoba mSobelma unda daadasturos xelmow-eriT. direqtori moswavles ucxadebs werilobiT SeniSv-nas/sayvedurs, romelSic ganmartebuli iqneba Cadenili qmedebis arsi, SeniSvna/sayveduris moqmedebis dro da sxva garemoebebi. SeniSna/sayveduris gacnoba savaldebuloa mSoblisaTvis, rac dasturdeba misi xelmoweriT.

Sinaganawesis darRvevis reagirebis formad miiCneva skolis servisiT sargeblobis privilegiis CamorTmeva da skolisTvis

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sasargeblo saqmianobis dakisreba. gansazRvrulia skolisTvis sasargeblo saqmianobis formebi (skolis teritoriis dalageba/dasufTaveba, skolis ezos keTilmowyobaze zrunva, nargavebis dargva skolis mimdebare teritoriaze da a.S) da xangrZlivoba (dawyebiTi safexuris moswavlisaTvis ar unda aRematebodes 1 saaTs, sabazo safexuris moswavlisaTvis _ dReSi 2 saaTs da saSualo safexuris moswavlisaTvis _ dReSi 3 saaTs), aseve, uflebamosili piris vinaoba, romelic uSualo zedamxedvelo-bas gauwevs moswavles mis mier skolisTvis sasargeblo saqmi-anobis ganxorcielebisas. skolisTvis sasargeblo saqmianoba moswavles SeiZleba daekisros mSoblis TanxmobiT. skolis Sinaganawesebi ar aRwers procedurebs im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu mSobeli ar eTanxmeba disciplinur saxdels.

SinaganawesebSi ar arsebobs garkveuli kriteriumebi, ris safuZvelzec ganisazRvreba darRvevebis kategoria (msubuqi da uxeSi), araa gamoyofili is darRvevebi, romlebic ar eqvem-debareba garicxvas, misi ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi. disciplinur darRvevebze reagirebis procedurebi ar asaxavs fsiqologis, socialuri muSakis rols.

direqtoris gankargulebebis Sesaxeb TanamSromlebis informireba xdeba gankargulebis TvalsaCino adgilze gamokvriT, sawarmoo TaTbirze gancxadebiT an administraciis wevrTa meSveobiT.

araa aRniSnuli direqtoris gankargulebaTa mSoblebamde an moswavleebamde mitanis wesi, arc erTi Sinaganawesi ar Sei-cavs skolisa da sazogadoebis urTierTobis meqanizmebs. mSo-blebTan urTierToba ganmrtebulia iseTi zogadi frazebiT, rogorebicaa: `skolis direqtori xels uwyobs mSoblebis CarTulobas saswavlo procesSi“, `ganmartebebs aZleves mSo-blebs saskolo saswavlo gegmis Sesaxeb, mSoblis survilis SemTxvevaSi“, `TanamSromlobs mSoblebTan, saWiroebis SemTx-vevaSi atarebs maTTan individualur Sexvedrebs“, `warmar-Tavs mSobelTan urTierTobas Tavazianad da TanamSromlobis formiT“da sxva.

moswavle: sanimuSo yofaqcevis, swavlaSi miRweuli maRali

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Sedegebis da sxva saqmianobaSi mopovebuli warmatebisTvis mo-swavle jildovdeba:

• stipendiiT garkveuli vadiT;• sigeliT;• diplomiT;• fuladi premiiT;• da sxva jildoebiT. ar aris ganmartebuli, ra kriteriumebiT SeiZleba gaizo-

mos moswavlis warmateba, an vin unda daasaxelos warmatebuli maswavlebeli!

ar aris ganmartebuli. ra kriteriumebiT SeiZleba gaizo-mos moswavlis warmateba, an vin unda daasaxelos warmatebuli moswavle!

daskvnebi

Sinaganawesebs aqvs erTnairi forma da Sinaarsi, Seicavs maswavleblis, moswavlisa da direqtoris eTikis kodeqsis srul teqsts;

skolis Sinaganawesebi aRiarebs ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebiT (ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi, 2005) deklarire-bul Rirebulebebs. miuxedavad amisa, yvela skolis Sina-ganawesi orientirebulia mxolod disciplinis kontrolsa da administraciis calmxriv pasuxismgeblobaze. Seswavlil

dokumentebSi prioriteti administraciis mxridan mas-wavlelebisa da moswavleebis disciplinis kontrolia. disciplinis kontrolis mimarTulebiT Sinaganawesi war-moadgens reagirebaze da ara prevenciaze orientirebul do-kuments. is aRwers disciplinis darRvevebze reagirebis pro-cedurebs da naklebad prevenciul midgomebs;

SinaganawesSi ar Cans sameurveo sabWosa da disciplinuri komitetis roli disciplinur saxdelebze reagirebis mizniT; Sinaganawesebi aris disciplinaze orientirebuli, dasja-wax-alisebis procedurebi dasaxvewia.

SinaganawesSi araa asaxuli skolis sazogadoebasTan urT-

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ierTobis procedurebi. araa uzrunvelyofili dainterese-buli pirebis monawileoba.

ganxilul SinaganawesebSi ar aris asaxuli kanonis mier deklarirebuli skolebis decentralizacia, romelic iT-valiswinebs skolis monawileobiT marTvas sameurveo sabWos, pedagogiuri sabWosa da moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mier.

skolis angariSvaldebulebis procedurebi ar moicavs SinaganawesiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis monitorings; skolis garemos usafrTxoeba orientirebulia mxolod dis-ciplinis kontrolze; informaciis xelmisawvdomobis pro-cedurebi araa naTeli da mkafio (ZiriTadad iTvaliswinebs skolis yvela subieqtis mier Sinaganawesze xelmisawvdomobas da ara mimdinare procesebis Sesaxeb skolisa da skolis Temis informirebas);

skolis Sinaganawesebi ar Seicavs SinaganawesSi cvlilebis Setanis procedurebs.

rekomendaciebi

1. disciplinur gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi gaT-valiswinebuli unda iyos: (1) moswavlis asaki da klasi; (2) moswavlis specialuri saWiroebebi (mag: specialuri sagan-manaTleblo saWiroeba); (3) danaSaulis seriozuloba; (4) da-naSaulis garemomcveli pirobebi; (5) moswavlis mier adre Ca-denili danaSaulebis Canaweri; (6) moswavlis socio-emociuri ganviTarebis done; (7) danaSaulis Sedegi skolis wevrebsa da Temze; (8) moswavleze dakvirveba, kerZod, rogor swavlobs mo-swavle, monawileobs Tu ara saskolo RonisZiebebSi, aqvs Tu ara mSoblisa da Temis mxardaWera.

2. unda gaimijnos damsjelobiTi da aradamsjelobiTi ga-dacdomebi, ganisazRvros maTi marTvis strategiebi. aradamsj-elobiTi gadacdomebis marTvisTvis skolebma unda gamoiyenon: sityvieri gafrTxileba, konsultacia maswavlebelTan da spe-cialistTan (fsiqologi, socialuri muSaki, Tumca, skolebs ar hyavT fsiqologi da socialuri muSaki), konsultacia ad-

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ministracisTan, sxvadasxva programaSi CarTva.damsjelobiTi gadacdomebis marTvis mizniT gamoyenebuli

unda iyos: klasgaraSe movaleobis Sesrulebis dakisreba, priv-ilegiebis moxsna (sxvadasxva RonisZiebaSi monawileobis Sez-Rudva), modificirebuli saskolo dRe, specialuri adgilis gamoyofa, sadac moswavle misi asakisTvis Sesabamisi SromiTi an saswavlo saqmianobiT dakavdeba, gare instituciebTan an/da samarTlebriv organoebTan gadamisamarTeba, kompensacia, garicxva.

3. skolis administraciis warmomadgenlebma skolis yvela mmarTvelobiTi rgolis (administracia, sameurveo sabWo, peda-gogiuri sabWo da moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba) monawileobiT unda SearCion is strategia, romelic maTi konkretuli skolis saWiroebas Seesabameba. maT unda hqondeT disciplinuri dar-Rvevis kategorizebisa (damsjelobiTi da aradamsjelobiTi) da maTze reagirebis unari, raTa efeqturad SeimuSaon disci-plinuri gadacdomebis marTvis gegma, samarTlianobis, humanu-robisa da disciplinuri procesis mimarT Tanamimdevrulobis principidan gamomdinare.

4. maswavleblebis Sefasebisas skolam unda ixelmZRvanelos maTi kvalifikaciiTa da miRweuli warmatebebiT. am mizniT Sinaganawesma unda asaxos maswavleblis saqmianobis aRricxvis meqanizmebi saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabam-isad. kerZod, waxalisdes sertificirebisa da sertificire-buli maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis sqemaSi CarTvis procesi, maswavleblis Sefaseba daefuZnos gazomvad indika-torebs, maTi waxalisebis meqanizmebi iyos srulyofili. dan-arTi 1 skolebis monacemTa baza

skolebis Sesaxeb informacia Seicavs Semdeg monacemebs:zogadi informacia: regioni, raioni, skolis direqtori,

misamarTi, skolis eleqtronuli gverdi, moswavleTa raode-noba, maswavlebelTa raodenoba;

skolis instituciuri monacemebi: saskolo Senobis mdgo-mareoba, sportuli moednebi (gare), sportuli moednebi (Sida), saaqto darbazi, skolis moqmedi bufeti, pandusi, biblioTeka,

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wignebis fondi (raodenoba), saskolo Senobebis raodenoba, kompiuterebis raodenoba, internetTan wvdoma, saskolo in-ventaris mdgomareoba, sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis laborato-riebi.

skolis usafrTxoeba: daraji/dacvis policia, mandaturi, Robe, video Tvali, evakuaciis gegma.

swavla/swavleba: seqtori, damatebiTi seqtori, pro-filuri skola, inkluziuri swavleba, sportuli wreebi, gaxangrZlivebuli swavleba, orcvliani swavleba, Taname-drove teqnologiebis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi, stan-darts zeviT swavleba, damatebiTi wreebi.

maswavleblis kvalifikacia: maswavleblebis raodenoba, romlebmac gaiares profesiuli ganviTarebis treningi, sertificirebuli maswavleblebis raodenoba, sertifici-rebuli maswavleblebi, romlebmac Caabares kompiuterisa da inglisuris gamocda, sertificirebuli maswavleblebi, romlebic moxvdnen 25%-Si, hyavs Tu ara skolas mentori maswavlebeli, maswavlebeli magistris an doqtoris xarisx-iT.

skolis warmatebis monacemebi: hyavs Tu ara moswavlee-bi, romlebmac gadalaxes olimpiadis pirveli, meore eta-pi? olimpiadaSi gamarjvebuli moswavleebi, saerTaSoriso olimpiadis monawile moswavleebi? sabazo safexuris war-Cinebuli moswavleebi?

saskolo atestati da umaRles saswavlebelSi swavlebis maCvenebeli: kompiuterisa da moswavlis Sfardeba, sas-kolo atestatis mqone moswavleTa raodenoba, hyavs Tu ara skolas oqros/vercxlis medalosani, umaRles saswavleb-elSi Cabarebis msurvel moswavleTa raodenoba, umaRles saswavlebelSi Caricxul moswavleTa raodenoba, moswav-leTa raodenoba. vinc miiRo saxelmwifo granti, moswav-leTa raodenoba, vinc miiRo 50%-iani an meti saxelmwifo dafinanseba.

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gamoyenebuli literatura

1. damxmare saxelmZRvanelo skolis direqtorisTvis, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, 2011.120-151

2. mark Sapiro, Siro nakata, lela Caxaia. `ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqtis Sefase-ba“ . proeqti `ilia WavWavaZe“.2008. 170-180.

3. naTia andRulaZe, sofio gorgoZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, simon janaSia. `bavSvze orientirebuli skolis gzamkv-levi“. samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti. (2012) 7-32

4. sofio gorgoZe, giorgi mSvenieraZe, Tamar mosiaSvili. `usafrTxo skola sazogadoebis Tanamonawileobis ga-reSe“. samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti. (2012). 7-14.

5. Policies for Schools, Supervision of Pupils Policy, http://www.pol-iciesforschools.co.uk/. (Accessed May 18, 2012)

6. Schools Policies and Procedures. “School Activities” https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/policiesinter/category.do?level=Schools (Ac-cessed April 12, 2012)

7. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri. ”maswavleblis profesiuli standarti.” 2008. http://www.tpdc.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=36&Itemid=97&lang=ka (nanaxia 15 marts, 2012)

8. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri. ” direqtoris profesiuli standarti.” http://www.tpdc.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8249&Itemid=99&lang=ka (nanaxia 15 marts, 2012) (nanaxia 15 marts, 2012)

9. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema, http://www.tpdc.ge/uploads/folder/profesiuli_ganvitarebis_spema.pdf nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss)

10. maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi, 2010 http://

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tpdc.ge/uploads/pdf_documents/maszavleblis_eTikis%20kode-qsikodeqsi.pdf (nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss);

11. direqtoris eTikis kodeqsi, 2010 http://tpdc.ge/uploads/pdf_documents/skolisdirektoris_kodeqsi%20(1).pdf, (nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss);

12. moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi, 2010 http://tpdc.ge/uploads/pdf_documents/moswavlis_kodeqsi%20(1).pdf, (nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss);

13. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005 http://tpdc.ge/uploads/news/zogadi_ganatlebis_Sesaxeb_kanoni.pdf (nanaxia 2012 wlis 15 marts)

kvleva Catarda socielur mecnierebaTa centris gana-Tlebis programis farglebSi