化生英语

新职业英语新职业英语

Warming-up

Reading A

Listening

Speaking4

1

2

3

Reading B5

Writing6

Project7

Vocabulary and Structure

8 Self-evaluation

9

Grammar10

9

8

Task 1Task 1

Task 2Task 2

Task 1 Bringing a new drug to market involves a series of research stages. Try to arrange the following statements in time order and give your reasons.

Task 1 Bringing a new drug to market involves a series of research stages. Try to arrange the following statements in time order and give your reasons.

A. File an Investigational New Drug Application with the relevant authorities.B. Test the new drug on a small number of volunteer.C. Test the new drug on patients.D. Test the effectiveness and safety of the new drug on an appropriate animal model.E. Conduct the discovery work for a new drug in a laboratory.

A. File an Investigational New Drug Application with the relevant authorities.B. Test the new drug on a small number of volunteer.C. Test the new drug on patients.D. Test the effectiveness and safety of the new drug on an appropriate animal model.E. Conduct the discovery work for a new drug in a laboratory.

E D A B C

Task 2 Match each of the following pictures with its corresponding situation that might occur in the drug development process.

Task 2 Match each of the following pictures with its corresponding situation that might occur in the drug development process.

( ) 1. finalizing the formula of a new drug ( ) 2. selecting the ingredients for a new drug ( ) 3. drafting the research and development report of a new drug( ) 4. testing the effectiveness and safety of a new drug on an animal model

( ) 1. finalizing the formula of a new drug ( ) 2. selecting the ingredients for a new drug ( ) 3. drafting the research and development report of a new drug( ) 4. testing the effectiveness and safety of a new drug on an animal model

(A) (B) (C ) (D) (A) (B) (C ) (D)

DCB

A

Reading A

TextTextTask 1Task 1

Task 2Task 2

Task 3Task 3

Task 4Task 4

Background InformationBackground Information

Reading A

1. optimal health Optimal health means to live a life with robust vitality, free of troubling symptoms and chronic disease and to enjoy physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health.

1. optimal health Optimal health means to live a life with robust vitality, free of troubling symptoms and chronic disease and to enjoy physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health.

Reading A

2. nutrient

There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamins and water . Some nutrients are required regularly, while others are needed only occasionally. Poor health can be caused by an imbalance of nutrients whether an excess or a deficiency.

2. nutrient

There are seven major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamins and water . Some nutrients are required regularly, while others are needed only occasionally. Poor health can be caused by an imbalance of nutrients whether an excess or a deficiency.

Reading A

3. degenerative disease

A degenerative disease is a disease in which the function or structure of the affected tissues or organs will progressively deteriorate over time, whether due to normal bodily wear or lifestyle choices such as exercise or eating habits. Degenerative diseases are often contrasted with infectious diseases.

3. degenerative disease

A degenerative disease is a disease in which the function or structure of the affected tissues or organs will progressively deteriorate over time, whether due to normal bodily wear or lifestyle choices such as exercise or eating habits. Degenerative diseases are often contrasted with infectious diseases.

Reading A

4. dietary deficiencies Dietary deficiencies are disorders that occur because of a lack of essential nutrients in the diet, or because the body cannot absorb and process those nutrients once they are eaten. Mostdietary deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of protein, vitamins or minerals.

4. dietary deficiencies Dietary deficiencies are disorders that occur because of a lack of essential nutrients in the diet, or because the body cannot absorb and process those nutrients once they are eaten. Mostdietary deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of protein, vitamins or minerals.

Reading A

Task 1 Vitamins and minerals are essential elements that our body needs in order to stay healthy. Try to list some of them and explain which parts of our body they are especially good for.

Task 1 Vitamins and minerals are essential elements that our body needs in order to stay healthy. Try to list some of them and explain which parts of our body they are especially good for.

Reading A

An Optimum Nutrition Formula

The medicine of the future will no longer be remedial, it will be preventive; not based on drugs but on the optimum nutrition for health.

An Optimum Nutrition Formula

The medicine of the future will no longer be remedial, it will be preventive; not based on drugs but on the optimum nutrition for health.

Reading A

The subject of nutrition is massively wide and deep. There is so much to know and so many seemingly contradictory theories on the subject of nutrition and its relationship with human body and mental function.

The subject of nutrition is massively wide and deep. There is so much to know and so many seemingly contradictory theories on the subject of nutrition and its relationship with human body and mental function.

Reading A

Vitamins and minerals are essential for almost every function of the body. They are vital for energy and they protect you from early ageing and degenerative diseases. And because they work together they are best digested and absorbed as natural and wholesome foods, in the context of a balanced and varied diet, not on their own in the form of nutrition supplements.

Vitamins and minerals are essential for almost every function of the body. They are vital for energy and they protect you from early ageing and degenerative diseases. And because they work together they are best digested and absorbed as natural and wholesome foods, in the context of a balanced and varied diet, not on their own in the form of nutrition supplements.

Reading A

Nevertheless, supplements can play a role in preventing the risk of deficiencies and in remedying the symptoms of deficiencies, all too common following long-term consumption of over-processed foods. If you are suffering from significant health problems caused by dietary deficiencies, it is best to obtain professional guidance for remedial therapy from a nutrition consultant, who will work together with your doctor.

Nevertheless, supplements can play a role in preventing the risk of deficiencies and in remedying the symptoms of deficiencies, all too common following long-term consumption of over-processed foods. If you are suffering from significant health problems caused by dietary deficiencies, it is best to obtain professional guidance for remedial therapy from a nutrition consultant, who will work together with your doctor.

Reading A

The question is, how much do you need of the various vitamins and minerals? There’s a big difference between the amount required to prevent deficiencies that would lead to serious degeneration, and the amount of each vitamin and mineral you need for optimum health.

The question is, how much do you need of the various vitamins and minerals? There’s a big difference between the amount required to prevent deficiencies that would lead to serious degeneration, and the amount of each vitamin and mineral you need for optimum health.

Reading A

A few years ago, some American scientists worked this out for every nutrient and called the amounts Suggested Optimum Nutrient Allowances or SONAs. Based on their SONAs, they recommend, for optimum health, the following daily dietary intake of vitamins and minerals, with some changes as necessary: Vitamin A 7500 i.u., Beta Carotene 2500 i.u., Vitamin D 300 i.u., Vitamin E 150 i.u., Vitamin K (not included), Vitamin C 300 mg, Vitamin B1 37.5 mg, Vitamin B2 37.5 mg, Vitamin B3 75 mg, Vitamin B5 75 mg, Vitamin B6 75 mg,

A few years ago, some American scientists worked this out for every nutrient and called the amounts Suggested Optimum Nutrient Allowances or SONAs. Based on their SONAs, they recommend, for optimum health, the following daily dietary intake of vitamins and minerals, with some changes as necessary: Vitamin A 7500 i.u., Beta Carotene 2500 i.u., Vitamin D 300 i.u., Vitamin E 150 i.u., Vitamin K (not included), Vitamin C 300 mg, Vitamin B1 37.5 mg, Vitamin B2 37.5 mg, Vitamin B3 75 mg, Vitamin B5 75 mg, Vitamin B6 75 mg,

Reading A

Vitamin B12 15 mcg, Folic Acid 150 mcg, Biotin 75 mcg, Choline 30 mg, Inos i tol 30 mg , Calcium 500 mg, Magnesium 225 mg, Potassium (not supplied), Iron 15 mg, Zinc 15 mg, Manganese 4.5 mg, Copper 75 mcg, Chromium 30 mcg, Selenium 45 mcg, Boron 2 mcg.

Vitamin B12 15 mcg, Folic Acid 150 mcg, Biotin 75 mcg, Choline 30 mg, Inos i tol 30 mg , Calcium 500 mg, Magnesium 225 mg, Potassium (not supplied), Iron 15 mg, Zinc 15 mg, Manganese 4.5 mg, Copper 75 mcg, Chromium 30 mcg, Selenium 45 mcg, Boron 2 mcg.

Reading A

最佳营养配方

未来的药品将不再是治疗型，而是预防型；不再基于药物，而是基于对健康有益的营养元素。

最佳营养配方

未来的药品将不再是治疗型，而是预防型；不再基于药物，而是基于对健康有益的营养元素。

Reading A

含有营养元素的物质包罗万象。有关营养元素和人体的体能和脑力机能之间的关系有许多看似矛盾的理论，也有太多需要探索的领域。

含有营养元素的物质包罗万象。有关营养元素和人体的体能和脑力机能之间的关系有许多看似矛盾的理论，也有太多需要探索的领域。

Reading A

几乎人体的各项机能都离不开维生素和物质。它们对保持活力、防止早衰和退行性疾病至关重要。由于这些营养元素是共同起作用的，因此他们的消化和吸收最好是通过自然、健康的食品和平衡多样化的膳食结构，而不是通过营养补充剂的形式单独摄取。

几乎人体的各项机能都离不开维生素和物质。它们对保持活力、防止早衰和退行性疾病至关重要。由于这些营养元素是共同起作用的，因此他们的消化和吸收最好是通过自然、健康的食品和平衡多样化的膳食结构，而不是通过营养补充剂的形式单独摄取。

Reading A

然而，营养补剂却可以在防止营养不良或消除营养不良症状方面起到一些作用，长期食用过度精加工食品最容易造成营养不良或出现营养不良症状。如果你被因饮食营养所造成的健康问题所困扰，最好去咨询一下营养师，他会与你的医生合作并向你提供专业性的指导。

然而，营养补剂却可以在防止营养不良或消除营养不良症状方面起到一些作用，长期食用过度精加工食品最容易造成营养不良或出现营养不良症状。如果你被因饮食营养所造成的健康问题所困扰，最好去咨询一下营养师，他会与你的医生合作并向你提供专业性的指导。

Reading A

问题是，对于各类维生素和矿物质，你需要多大的剂量？预防可能会导致恶性退行性疾病的营养不良所需的剂量与使你的身体达到最佳健康状态所需的剂量之间大不相同。

问题是，对于各类维生素和矿物质，你需要多大的剂量？预防可能会导致恶性退行性疾病的营养不良所需的剂量与使你的身体达到最佳健康状态所需的剂量之间大不相同。

Reading A

几年前，一些美国科学家通过研究确定了保持健康所需各种营养物质的剂量，称之为“建议摄取的营养物最佳剂量”（ SONAs）。在此基础上，经过必要的调整，他们给出了保持健康每日所需的维生素和矿物质的摄取量： 7500国际单位维生素 A ， 2500 国际单位胡萝卜素， 300 国际单位维生素 D， 150 国际单位维生素 E ，维生素 K ( 未包含 ) ， 300 毫克维生素 C ， 37.5毫克维生素 B1， 37.5 毫克维生素B2， 75 毫克维生素 B3， 75 毫克维生素 B5， 75 毫克维生素 B6， 15 微克维生素 B12， 150 微克叶酸， 75 微克生物素， 30 毫克胆碱， 30 毫克肌醇， 500 毫克钙， 225 毫克镁，钾 ( 未提供 ) ， 15 毫克铁， 15 毫克锌， 4.5 毫克锰， 75 微克铜， 30 微克铬， 45 微克硒， 2 微克硼。

几年前，一些美国科学家通过研究确定了保持健康所需各种营养物质的剂量，称之为“建议摄取的营养物最佳剂量”（ SONAs）。在此基础上，经过必要的调整，他们给出了保持健康每日所需的维生素和矿物质的摄取量： 7500国际单位维生素 A ， 2500 国际单位胡萝卜素， 300 国际单位维生素 D， 150 国际单位维生素 E ，维生素 K ( 未包含 ) ， 300 毫克维生素 C ， 37.5毫克维生素 B1， 37.5 毫克维生素B2， 75 毫克维生素 B3， 75 毫克维生素 B5， 75 毫克维生素 B6， 15 微克维生素 B12， 150 微克叶酸， 75 微克生物素， 30 毫克胆碱， 30 毫克肌醇， 500 毫克钙， 225 毫克镁，钾 ( 未提供 ) ， 15 毫克铁， 15 毫克锌， 4.5 毫克锰， 75 微克铜， 30 微克铬， 45 微克硒， 2 微克硼。

Reading A

remedialremedial a. curing or helpinga. curing or helping

e.g. 1. Remedial measures should be adopted..

2. The management is taking remedial measures

against unemployment .

e.g. 1. Remedial measures should be adopted..

2. The management is taking remedial measures

against unemployment .

Reading A

based on sthbased on sth to do something or develop something using a particular piece of information as the reason or starting point

to do something or develop something using a particular piece of information as the reason or starting point

e.g. 1. This movie is based on a true story.

2. In the 21st century, competition will not be

based on products alone.

e.g. 1. This movie is based on a true story.

2. In the 21st century, competition will not be

based on products alone.

Reading A

contradictorycontradictory a. stating the contrary or opposite; logically opposite

a. stating the contrary or opposite; logically opposite

e.g. 1. The two conclusions are contradictory.

2. His remark was contradictory to the truth.

e.g. 1. The two conclusions are contradictory.

2. His remark was contradictory to the truth.

Reading A

essentialessential a. important and necessary a. important and necessary

e.g. 1. Good food is essential for our health.

2. What is the essential difference between these

two plans?

e.g. 1. Good food is essential for our health.

2. What is the essential difference between these

two plans?

Reading A

vitalvitala. extremely important and necessarya. extremely important and necessary

e.g. 1. The kidney plays a vital role in the removal of

waste products from the blood.

2. Improving the environment is vital to the

health of the citizens.

e.g. 1. The kidney plays a vital role in the removal of

waste products from the blood.

2. Improving the environment is vital to the

health of the citizens.

Reading A

in the context of in the context of in the situation within which something exists or happens, and

that can help explain it

in the situation within which something exists or happens, and

that can help explain it

e.g. 1. Some events have to be considered in the

context of the social development.

2. Please illustrate this principle in the context

of phenomena discussed in this chapter.

e.g. 1. Some events have to be considered in the

context of the social development.

2. Please illustrate this principle in the context

of phenomena discussed in this chapter.

Reading A

on one’s ownon one’s own alone; without any helpalone; without any help

e.g. 1. She has lived on her own since her divorce.

2. We can't solve this problem on our own.

e.g. 1. She has lived on her own since her divorce.

2. We can't solve this problem on our own.

Reading A

in the form ofin the form of in the way in which something exists, is presented, or appears

in the way in which something exists, is presented, or appears

e.g. 1. You can get the vitamin C in the form of tablets or

liquid.

2. Financial aid in the form of scholarships,

assistantships and grants is available to students.

e.g. 1. You can get the vitamin C in the form of tablets or

liquid.

2. Financial aid in the form of scholarships,

assistantships and grants is available to students.

Reading A

suffersufferv. to experience sth. bad, such as pain, sickness, or the effects of a bad

v. to experience sth. bad, such as pain, sickness, or the effects of a bad

e.g. 1. He suffered from a terrible headache.

2. Some small businesses have suffered huge

profit losses during the economic crisis.

e.g. 1. He suffered from a terrible headache.

2. Some small businesses have suffered huge

profit losses during the economic crisis.

Reading A

lead tolead to to make something happen or exist as a result of something else

to make something happen or exist as a result of something else

e.g. 1. Careless driving often leads to traffic accidents.

2. Too much work and too little rest often lead to

illness.

e.g. 1. Careless driving often leads to traffic accidents.

2. Too much work and too little rest often lead to

illness.

Reading A

work outwork out to calculate an amount, price or value; to think carefully in order to solve a problem or plan something

to calculate an amount, price or value; to think carefully in order to solve a problem or plan something

e.g. 1. I believe that you can work out this problem

by yourself.

2. Have you worked out the bill?

e.g. 1. I believe that you can work out this problem

by yourself.

2. Have you worked out the bill?

Reading A

Task 2 Complete the following table according to the passage.Task 2 Complete the following table according to the passage.

preventive

the optimum nutrition for health

vital for energyprotect you from early ageing and degenerative diseases

prevent the risk of deficiencies

remedy the symptoms of deficiencies

suggested Optimum Nutrient Allowances SONAs

Reading A

Task 3 Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) according to the passage.

Task 3 Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) according to the passage.

T

T

T

F

T

Reading A

Researchers usually carry out a series of tests on a new drug to ensure its effectiveness and safety before bringing it into application. Work with yourpartner to find out the testing stages of a new drug and give a short presentation to the class.

Researchers usually carry out a series of tests on a new drug to ensure its effectiveness and safety before bringing it into application. Work with yourpartner to find out the testing stages of a new drug and give a short presentation to the class.

Task 4Task 4

Listening

Task 1Task 1

Task 2Task 2

Task 3Task 3

Task 4Task 4

Task 5Task 5

Listening

Task1 The following conversation takes place in Prof. Smith’s office. Listen to it and complete the following statements.

ScriptScript

honored

nutrition product

28

leading busy lives

unlock energy

Listening

Task 1Task 1 ScriptScript

Listening

Task2 Ms. Baker is talking about the whole process of developing a new drug with Mike. Listen to it and match the information in the left column with that in the right column.

ScriptScript

Listening

Task 2 ScriptTask 2 Script

Listening

Task3 After finishing preclinical testing successfully, Ms. Baker is now discussing with Mike what they should do next. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks with what you hear.

ScriptScript

satisfactory

drugs

enter

Administration

human trials

heard of

Listening

reviewed

approval

permission

Listening


Listening

Task4 After getting the permission from FDA, now Ms. Baker and Mike will start clinical trials. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions.

ScriptScript

Two.

A small number of volunteers in Phase I and patients in Phase II.

Further evaluating the drug’s safety and effectiveness in patients.

To determine the action of the drug on humans

and the side effects associated with increasing doses.

A new Investigational New Drug application.

Listening


Listening

Task5 Ms. Baker and Mike have finally finished all the testing. Listen to the following conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write key words to support your answers.

ScriptScript

√

√ They should first analyze all the data. If the data

successfully demonstrate both safety and effectiveness, they can apply for the New Drug Application.

Listening

ScriptScript

√

√ FDA also weighs up the need for a new drug.

√

Listening


Speaking

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Task 1

Speaking

Task 1 Work in pairs. A new colleague will join a team responsible for a preclinical testing project of drug development. Practice making a conversation between the new colleague and the team leader according to the instructions below.

Task 2 Work in pairs. As a new colleague, you are not quite clear about the things listed below. Practice making a conversation with your team leader to get some advice.

Speaking

Task 3 Work in pairs. After successfully finishing testing a new drug, a new colleague and the team leader is discussing filing an application for marketing it. Practice making a conversation between them according to the expressions below.

Speaking

Task 4 Work in groups. Suppose you are the team leader of a drug development project. Having had the marketing application approved, you have to report the whole process to your seniors. Make the report according to the expressions below.

Reading B

Task 1

Task 2

Text

Task 3

Reading B

Centrum Performance

Centrum Performance is formulated for sportsmen, sportswomen and those leading busy lives. It is specially formulated with an active combination of 28 vitamins, minerals and herbs. Higher levels of antioxidants and B vitamins can help protect against free radical damage and unlock energy. Together with natural extracts of ginseng and ginkgo biloba, Centrum Performance is designed to help sustain vitality and may help maintain concentration and short-term memory to help you perform at your best.

Centrum Performance

Centrum Performance is formulated for sportsmen, sportswomen and those leading busy lives. It is specially formulated with an active combination of 28 vitamins, minerals and herbs. Higher levels of antioxidants and B vitamins can help protect against free radical damage and unlock energy. Together with natural extracts of ginseng and ginkgo biloba, Centrum Performance is designed to help sustain vitality and may help maintain concentration and short-term memory to help you perform at your best.

Reading B

Centrum Performance will vitalize your mind and body with its special blend of the following vitamins and minerals. Ingredients: Vitamin A 3500 i.u. Vitamin K 25 mcg Vitamin C 60 i.u. Vitamin B 6 mg Vitamin D 400 i.u. Folic Acid 400 mcg Vitamin B12 6 mcg Vitamin E 30 i.u. Zinc 15 mg Selenium 20 mcg Biotin 30 mcg Copper 2 mg Calcium 162 mg Manganese 2 mg Iron 18 mg Chromium 120 mcg Potassium 80 mg Magnesium 100 mg

Centrum Performance will vitalize your mind and body with its special blend of the following vitamins and minerals. Ingredients: Vitamin A 3500 i.u. Vitamin K 25 mcg Vitamin C 60 i.u. Vitamin B 6 mg Vitamin D 400 i.u. Folic Acid 400 mcg Vitamin B12 6 mcg Vitamin E 30 i.u. Zinc 15 mg Selenium 20 mcg Biotin 30 mcg Copper 2 mg Calcium 162 mg Manganese 2 mg Iron 18 mg Chromium 120 mcg Potassium 80 mg Magnesium 100 mg

Reading B

Most vitamins and minerals in Centrum Performance meet or exceed the daily recommended requirement for each vitamin. Other Ingredients: This tablet also contains Gingko Biloba 60 mg Boron 150 mcg Nickel 5 mcg Silicon 2 mg Tin 10 mcg The daily recommended requirement on these ingredients has not all been established.

Most vitamins and minerals in Centrum Performance meet or exceed the daily recommended requirement for each vitamin. Other Ingredients: This tablet also contains Gingko Biloba 60 mg Boron 150 mcg Nickel 5 mcg Silicon 2 mg Tin 10 mcg The daily recommended requirement on these ingredients has not all been established.

Reading B

金善存强效综合维生素

金善存是由 28 种维生素、矿物质和中草药成分精制而成的营养补剂，专为运动员或生活节奏较快的人士设计。高剂量的抗氧化剂和维生素 B 能防止自由基带来的损伤，激发体内能量。金善存富含人参和银杏叶粹取物，有助于保持人体活力，提高注意力和短期记忆力，使您每天都处于最佳状态。

金善存强效综合维生素

金善存是由 28 种维生素、矿物质和中草药成分精制而成的营养补剂，专为运动员或生活节奏较快的人士设计。高剂量的抗氧化剂和维生素 B 能防止自由基带来的损伤，激发体内能量。金善存富含人参和银杏叶粹取物，有助于保持人体活力，提高注意力和短期记忆力，使您每天都处于最佳状态。

Reading B

金善存特殊的维生素和矿物质配方将使您的身体和思想充满活力，其成分如下：成分3,500 国际单位维生素 A 25 微克维生素 K60 国际单位维生素 C 6 毫克维生素 B400 国际单位维生素 D 400 微克叶酸6 微克维生素 B12 30 国际单位维生素 E15 毫克锌 20 微克硒30 微克生物素 2 毫克铜162 毫克钙 2 毫克锰18 毫克铁 120 微克铬80 毫克钾 100 毫克镁

金善存特殊的维生素和矿物质配方将使您的身体和思想充满活力，其成分如下：成分3,500 国际单位维生素 A 25 微克维生素 K60 国际单位维生素 C 6 毫克维生素 B400 国际单位维生素 D 400 微克叶酸6 微克维生素 B12 30 国际单位维生素 E15 毫克锌 20 微克硒30 微克生物素 2 毫克铜162 毫克钙 2 毫克锰18 毫克铁 120 微克铬80 毫克钾 100 毫克镁

Reading B

金善存中大多数维生素和矿物质的含量均达到或超过了每日所需的标准。其他成分每片金善存还包含： 60 毫克银杏叶粹取物 150 微克硼 5 微克镍 2 毫克硅 10 微克锡这些成分的每日所需标准尚未完全建立。

金善存中大多数维生素和矿物质的含量均达到或超过了每日所需的标准。其他成分每片金善存还包含： 60 毫克银杏叶粹取物 150 微克硼 5 微克镍 2 毫克硅 10 微克锡这些成分的每日所需标准尚未完全建立。

Reading B

Task 1 . Complete the following table according to the passage.

sportsmen

Centrum Performance

vitamins minerals

sportswomen

those leading busy lives

herbs

sustain vitality maintain concentration and short-term

memory

Reading B

Task 2 Match the following terms with their Chinese meanings.

Reading B

Task 3 Translate the following short passage into Chinese.Consult dictionary if necessary.

金善存咀嚼片提供 600 毫克钙和 400 国际单位维生素 D。这些方形咀嚼片有三种口味可供选择：香草味、巧克力味和草莓味。每片提供的热量不少于 10 卡路里。金善存咀嚼片为吞咽药片有困难的人群提供了一种可供选择的解决办法。

Writing

Task 2

Task 1

Writing

Task 1 Suppose you are the senior engineer in Wyeth Whitehall Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Peter Johnson. Write a memorandum to all the staff in R&D Department including the following details:

Writing

During the past six months, we have completed the preclinical tests and human clinical trial tests for the new Centrum product. And the formula of new product has also been finalized. Now I am taking charge of arranging a team to draft a Research & Development report for the new drug. The team includes the following four members: Bob Spenser, Andrew Smith, Mary Blake and Jerry Brook. The report should be completed before 31st July. The other staff members in R&D Department should support the team in providing relevant information when necessary.

All members of the staff in R&D DepartmentPeter Johnson, senior engineer5 July, 2009Research & development report

MEMORANDUMMEMORANDUM

TO:FROM:DATE:

SUBJECT:

Writing

Task 2 Complete the following Research & Development Report with proper headings.

Product formula Product name

Writing

Preclinical testing

Development stages

Human clinical trial

Human clinical trial

Conclusion

Project

Self-evaluation


Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Task 5


Task 1 Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from Reading A that match the meanings in the column on the right. The first letters are already given.

bsorb

holesome

ptimum

reventive

assively

emedy

eemingly

rofessional

ork out

ital


Fill in each blank with the appropriate form of the word given in the brackets.

Task 2

1. All the people present at the meeting agreed that some

(prevent) __________ measures should be taken immediately.

2. The expert group concluded that this was a disease caused by

lack of an essential (nutrition) __________.

3. The confidence that the children gained in the (remedy)

__________ reading classes carried over into their regular

school work.

4. Generally speaking, ageing always comes with a slow

(degenerative) __________ of one’s mental function.

nutrient

preventive

degeneration

remedial


5. After graduation from Harvard University, John worked as a

(consult) __________ with an overseas investment company.

6. To our great joy, the luggage we carried was still inside the

(allow) __________ set by the airport.

7. The doctor kindly told the nervous patient that there wasn’t any

special (diet) __________ requirements for his illness.

8. The manufacturers promised to provide us with necessary

technical (guide) __________ for the new equipment they sold

to us.

9. These players prefer to drink (mine) __________ water rather

than drink Coca-Cola every time after football match.

10. We regret to say that there is (seem) __________nothing we

can do to help you on this matter.

allowance

mineral

consultant

guidance

dietary

seemingly


Task 3 Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases given below. Change the form if necessary.

1. The new minister was faced with a(n)__________ impossible task.

2. Mr. Simpson has been engaged in the research of __________ medicine for years. 3. I think that before making a final decision you need to turn to him for some __________advice.

seemingly

preventive

professional


4. Cloning could__________ improve the agricultural industry as the technique of nuclear transfer improves.

5. The recent survey proved that people’s opinions on the new employment policy were rather __________. 6. It is difficult for such kind of soil to __________the rainwater since there are rarely any plants. 7. They asked Mary to __________ their new play, but she refused for some personal reasons. 8. Their findings show that poor __________ habits are more likely among children in lower social groups. 9. It is __________ to develop water-saving agriculture for reducing crisis of water resources, ensuring food supplies and environmental security. 10. When asked what a $47.20 meal for five people would cost for each person, they were unable to __________.

massively

varied

absorb

play a role in

dietary

vital

work out


1). The subject I like most is not English; it is geography.

2). The first US President is not Abraham Lincoln; it is George

Washington.

The subject I like most is not English but geography.

Rewrite the following sentences according to the given examples.

Task 4

The first US president is not Abraham Lincoln but George

Washington.


3). Last Friday Mr. James didn’t go to Paris on business; he

went there for some personal affairs.

4). It is not the first time for him to be absent from class this

term; it is the third time for him to do so.

5). At present China can not be regarded as a developed

country; it is regarded as a developing country.

Last Friday Mr. James didn’t go to Paris on business but

for some personal affairs.

It is not the first time but the third time for him to be

absent from class this term.

At present China can not be regarded as a developed

country but a developing country.


1). Yesterday morning they bought all the things that were

required for the journey.

2). The bridge which was built the year before was washed

away by the heavy rain last night.

Yesterday morning they bought all the things required for the journey.

The bridge built the year before was washed away by

the heavy rain last night.


They hurriedly sent those injured in the accident to the nearest hospital.

3) We are eager to see the old house which was built in early

1780s.

4) They hurriedly sent those who were injured in the accident to

the nearest hospital.

5) It will cost at least several millions of pounds to repair all the

damage which was caused by the war._________________________________________________________________

We are eager to see the old house built in early 1780s.

It will cost at least several millions of pounds to repair all the damage caused by the war.


Task 5 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.

1. _____________________________________________

（在当前的经济危机情况下） it seems unwise to lower taxes.

(in the context of)

2. Some people think that ___________________________________

________________________________________________ ( 猜字谜似乎是一种掌握英语词汇的好方法 ). (work out, seemingly)

In the context of current economic crisis

working out word puzzles

is seemingly a good way to master English vocabulary.


3. The patient was told that ____________________________

______________________________________________

( 这种药不用于治疗肺病，而用于预防肺病 ). (not…but…, remedy)

4. With years of rapid development, now ______________________

______________________________________________

( 中国在世界经济体系中起着巨大作用 ). (play a role in)

5. This book aims to prove with examples that ______________

______________________________________________

_________________ ( 吸收消化各种不同的维生素和矿物质可防止人们过早衰老 ). (absorb, varied)

this medicine is notused to remedy lung diseases but to prevent them.

China is playing a very big role in world economic system.

absorbing and digesting varied vitamins and minerals can prevent people from early aging.


Model Verbs

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Comprehensive Exercises

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3Task 4


Task 1 Choose the correct modal verbs to complete the sentences.

1. (May/Can) Can you play the piano?

2. Suddenly all the lights went out. We (can’t/couldn’t) ________ see anything.

3. You (may/might) ______ have seen the play already.

4. (Could/May) ________ you open the window a bit, please? Could

may

couldn’t


5. They (can/might) ________ be away for the weekend, but I’m not sure.

6. Nobody’s answering the door. They (can/must) ____________ be out.

7. (Will/Shall) __________ you tell me where you are coming from?

8. Let’s go for a walk, (would/shall) __________ we?

9. You (should/would) __________ read this book; it is worth reading.

10. (Will/Would) __________ you mind giving me a lift if you could?

must

might

Will

should

shall

Would


Task 2 Read the following conversation between a waiter (W) and a customer (C) in a restaurant. Change the underlined words to make the conversation more polite.

I’d like

Would/Could you bring me a salad?would you like

I’d like

May/Can I sit at another table?

Would you lika to sit over there?Could/would you bring me another

glass of water?


Task 3 A husband (H) and his wife (W) are driving to a party but get lost. They are arguing in the car. Fill in the blanks to complete the conversation with the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets.

W: We’re lost. And we don’t even have a map. You should have brought a map. H: I didn’t think we were going to need one. I must (1) _______ (make) a wrong turn. W: Let’s use the cell phone and call the Allens and ask them how to get to their house.H: Where is my phone? I can’t find it. I must (2) _______________ (leave) it at home.W: No, you didn’t leave it at home. I’ve got it here in my purse. Oh, no. You forgot to recharge the battery. You should (3) _______________ (charge) it last night. have charged

have left

have made


H: Why is it my fault? You could (4) _______________ (charge) too.

W: Well, we’ll just have to look for a pay phone. Do you have any change?

H: I just have dollar bills.

W: You should (5) _______________ (bring) some change with you.

H: Again, it’s my fault.

W: Watch out! You could (6) _______________ (hit) that car!

have brought

have hit

have charged


H: I wasn’t going to hit that car. I didn’t come anywhere close to it.

W: I don’t know why we’re going in our car anyway. The Petersons offered us a ride. We could (7) _______________ (go) with them.

H: We should (8) _______________ (go) with the Peterson’s and I should (9) _______________ (stay) home. I could (10) _______________ (watch) the football game today instead of listening to your complaints.

have gone

have gone

have stayed have watched


Task 4 Correct the mistakes in the following letter.

would

ask

may/might

should

be


Task 1 Choose the words from the right column to complete the sentences in the left column.

_____ 1. Her last name is Lemont. She________. a. can’t be at home

_____2. She’s wearing a wedding ring. She________. b. must be swimming now

_____3. The house is completely dark. They________. c. may not need a coat

_____4. They said they would come. They________. d. may be French

_____5. I saw them go to the beach. They ________. e. might not rain

_____6. The teacher sometimes asks questions. He________. f. could arrive a

little late

_____7. There are a lot of clouds, but it ________. g. may be asking questions

now

_____8. The weather will be fine tomorrow. You________. h. must be married

_____9. She isn’t in the music room. She ________. i. may not feel well

_____10. Colin is in a bad mood. She ________. j. couldn’t be practicing

piano

d

h a f b g

e

c j

i


Task 2

W: This is Cindy Fine. I’m calling about my car.M: I can’t hear you. (1) __________ (Could, Might) you speak louder, please?W: This is Cindy Fine. Is my car ready yet?M: We’re working on it now. We’re almost finished.W: When (2) __________ (would, can) I pick it up?M: It will be ready by four o’clock.W: How much will it cost?M: $375. W: I don’t have that much money right now. (3) __________ (Can, Might) I pay by credit card?M: Yes. You (4) __________ (may, might) use any major credit card.

Could

can

The following is a phone conversation between a woman (W) and a mechanic (M). Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks.

may

Can


(Later at the mechanic’s shop)M: Your car’s ready, ma’am. The engine problem is fixed. But you (5) __________ (may, should) replace your brakes. They’re not so good.W: Do I have to do it right away?M: No, you don’t have to do it immediately, but you should do it within a month or two. If you don’t do it soon, you (6) __________ (may, would) have an accident. W: How much will it cost to replace the brakes?M: It (7) __________ (will, would) cost about $200.W: I (8) __________ (will, would) like to make an appointment to take care of the brakes next week. (9) __________ (Can, Will) I bring my car in next Monday?M: Yes, Monday is fine. You (10) __________ (could, should) bring it in early because we get very busy later in the day.W: OK. See you Monday morning.

should

Can

will would

may

should


1. They were able to use a computer. (could) ________________________

2. We should be careful. (ought to) ______________________________________________

3. I realize that it was a terrible experience for you. (must) ______________________________________________

4. It’s impossible for Martin to be jogging in this weather. (can’t)

______________________________________________

Task 3 Use the words given in the brackets to rewrite the following sentences without changing their meanings.

Martin can’t be jogging in this weather.

I realize it must have been a terrible experience for you.

We ought to be careful.

They could use a computer.


5. It is possible that John did not receive my message. (might) _______________________________________________6. I suggest we go to the swimming pool. (shall) _______________________________________________7. I want to have a shower. (would) _______________________________________________8. I refuse to take any risks. (will) _______________________________________________9. We don’t have to borrow money to buy the house. (need) _______________________________________________10. The best thing for you to do is not quit your job. (had better) _______________________________________________You’d better not quit your job.

Shall we go to the swimming pool?

I will not take any risks. /I will refuse to take any risks.

John might not have received my message.

I would like to have a shower.

We needn’t borrow money to buy that house./We don’t need to borrow money to buy that house.


Task 4 Correct the mistakes in the following passage.

There was a knock at the door. I opened it and saw a stranger. “Hello, Fred,” he cried. “(1) Will ______ I come in?” “How do you know my name?” I asked. “We met ten years ago on a train and you gave me your card.” “You (2) would ______ be mistaken,” I said. “No, I (3) must ______ not,” the stranger said. He produced my card: Fred Ames. I could (4) gave ___________ it to him ten years ago, but I (5) can’t ______ remember it. “I (6) needn’t ___ remember you,” I said. “We exchanged cards years ago,” the stranger said. “You said, ‘You (7) would ______ come and stay with us for as long as you like any time you’re in London.’ I (8) couldn’t ______ have waited so long, but I have been so busy and (9) can’t ______ spare time. My wife and children are in the car and we wonder if we (10) would _______ stay with you for a month.”

must

May/Can

am

have given

can’t couldn’t

can/may

shouldn’t

can

couldn’t

新职业英语新职业英语

Thank You!

化 生 英 语

Documents

化生英语