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2

A

B B1

1

18 211

12 9

23

10

3 5

2

3 1 5 9 2 18

25

3 20 450

20


3

1 2 1 52 21

19

20

17 19

20 247 9

8 21

6 2830 33 35 28 35

9 9 10

1 12

29 1 711 na`ar

740 5

1480 405 40 18 40

11 4 480 129351

410


4

6 25 4

B2 5

B2.1

6

B2.1.1

Baba Bathra 14b-15a7

4

5 Frederic Bush, Ruth / Esther, Word Biblical Commentary, Volume 9

(Dallas: Word Books, 1996), 18. 6 Bush, Ruth / Esther, 18; Katharine Doob Sakenfeld, Ruth, Interpre-

tation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching (Louisville: John Knox Press, 1999), 1; Roland Kenneth Harrision, Introduction to the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969), 1060.

7 1


5

8

5

B2.1.2

B2.1.2.1.

9 Wilch

gracious manner 850 10

12 7 11 14

1005-98511

Peterca

8 A. J. Rosenberg, The Five Megilloth, Vol. 1, Esther, The

Song of Songs, Ruth: A New English Translation (New York: Judaica Press, 1992), x-xi

9 Gow Murray D. Gow, The Book of Ruth: Its Structure, Theme and Purpose (Leicester: Apollos, 1992), 207-10

10 John R. Wilch, Ruth, Concordia Commentary (Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2006), 15.

11 Wilch, Ruth, 16.


6

12

Beldstein

113

Campbell14

B2.1.2.2.

Sasson640-609

25 15

16

12 Vladimir Peterca, "The Book of Ruth: Between Chronology and

Theological Reasons," Sacra Scripta 1 (2003/1):36-37. 13 A. J. Beldstein, "Female Companionships: If the Book of Ruth Were

Written by a Woman…," in A Feminist Companion to Ruth, ed. Athalya Brenner (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1993), 132-33.

14 Edward F. Campbell, Jr., Ruth: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, Anchor Bible, vol. 7 (New York: Doubleday, 1975), 26.

15 Jack M. Sasson, Ruth: A New Translation with a Philological Com- mentary and a Formalist-Folkorist Interpretation, 2d ed., (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1995), 251

144 6 34 8 3 11 3 2 2

16 ZevitZiony Zevit, "Dating Ruth:

Legal, Linguistic and Historical Observations," Zeitschrift für die Alttestament- liche Wissenschaft 117 (2006): 591-92


7

B2.1.3 17

Hubbard

23 29 18

19

20

41 43

LaCocque 7

5 10

Levirate Marriage 21

22

17 Robert L. Hubbard, Jr., The Book of Ruth, The New International Com-

mentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988), 24. 18 Campbell, Ruth, 26. 19 John J. Collins, Introduction to the Hebrew Bible with CD-Rom (Min-

neapolis: Fortress Press, 2004), 533. 20 Robert Gordis, "Love, Marriage, and Business in the Book of Ruth: A

Chapter in Hebrew Customary Law," in The Word and the Book: Studies in Biblical Language and Literature (New York: Ktav Publishing House, Inc., 1976), 244.

21 Bernard M. Levinson, "You Must Not Add Anything to what I Command You: Paradoxes of Canon and Authorship in Ancient Israel," Numen 50/1 (2003): 22.

22 André LaCocque, Ruth, A Continental Commentary, trans. K. C. Hanson (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2004), 18-21; Hubbard, The Book of Ruth, 25.


8

Zenger

Hasmoneans 23

24

3 4 Masoretic

Text 4 5

B2.2

B2.3

23

166Has-

moneans 24 Erich Zenger, Das Buch Ruth, Zürcher Bibelkommentare 8 (Zürch:

Theologischer Verlag, 1986), 28.


9

B2.3.1 prefix conjugation nunparagogic nun

TidBäqîn 8 21 yiqcörûn

9 yiš´ábûn 9 Ta`áSîn 4 Tëd`în

18 nun

300 25

26

27

28

´ášer yëd`ûn ´îš nega` lübäbô 38

´ášer yëd`û ´îš nig`ô ûmak´öbô 29

B2.3.2

8 Ta`ábûrî

Ta`abrî 29 pausal form Ta`ábôrî

thematic vowel û

yišPû†û 26 Tišmûrëm

25 Joüon & Muraoka 305 Garr

310 Paul Joüon & T. Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, Subsidia Biblica 27 (Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 2006), 126 (= §44e); W. Randall Garr, "The Paragogic nun in Rhetorical Perspective" in Biblical Hebrew in Its Northwest Semitic Setting: Typological and Historical Perspectives, ed. Steven E. Fassberg and Avi Hurvitz (Jerusalem: Magnes; Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2006), 65

26 Jacob M. Myers, The Linguistic and Literary Form of the Book of Ruth (Leiden: Brill, 1955), 17-18.

27 John Gray, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, The New Century Bible Commentary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Basingstoke: Marshall Morgan & Scott, 1986), 368.

28 Mishnaic HebrewEduard Yechezekel Kutscher, A

History of the Hebrew Language, ed. Raphael Kutscher (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1984), 40-41

29 Ta`ábürî Wilch, Ruth, 196 vocal shewaHa†eff pataH full vowel


10

3 30

proto-Semitic Ta`Burì

û

B2.3.3 suffix conjugation -Ty31

wüyäradTî 3

wüšäkäbTî 4 32

33

25

34

35

36

30 Myers, The Linguistic and Literary Form of the Book of Ruth, 10, 17;

Wilch, Ruth, 196 31 -t32 wyrDTy wšKBTy wüyäradT

wüšäkäbT 33 Edward Lipi�ski, Semitic Languages Outline of a Comparative Gram-

mar, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 80 (Leuven: Peeters, 1997), 360-61.

34 7qamTî qamt J. Alberto Soggin, Judges, Old

Testament Library, trans. John Bowden (London: SCM Press, 1981), 86

Eduard Yechezekel Kutscher, A History of the Hebrew Language, 40

Pesachim 66b 35

´Ty ´T 2 Joüon & Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 122 = §42f

Campbell, Ruth, 25 36 zkrt 1QIsaa XIV:16 zkrty 1QIsaa XXXIX:26

zäkärT zäkarT 10 7 ´mrTy 1QIsaa XXXIX:30 ´mrT 1QIsaa XLVII:9 ´ämarT

10 10 -ty E. Y. Kutscher, The Language and Linguistic Background of the Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) (Leiden: Brill, 1974),188-89


11

-ty 37

B2.3.4 ’alePh

’alePh

waTTiSSenâ 14 cämìt 9 38

’alePh 17 9

’alePh

he 39

40

mëbî 2 21 15

16 41

Mishnah consonant

mater lectionis 42

B2.3.5

`immäkem 8

`áSîtem 8

läkem 9läkem 11

37 Kutscher -ty

"mirage" form Eduard Yechezekel Kutscher, A History of the Hebrew Language, 38-39

7

38 TiSSe´ynâ cämë´t39 Joüon & Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 185 = §78e .40 15 ´äbî ´äbî´

yäbô´41 mëbî´42 Miguel Pérez Fernández, An Introductory Grammar of Rabbinic Hebrew,

trans. John Elwolde (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 12´ h w y


12

miKKem 13

šTêhem 19

hëmmâ 19 šTêhem 11

m n

9a läkem

lähen 9c43

44

45

13 lähën

lähën TüSaBBërnâ Të`ägënâ

lähën 46

43 Paul Joüon & T. Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 515 =

§149b morpho-syntactic pheno- menon phonological

16 17Kautzsch & Cowley E.

Kautzsch, Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar, rev. ed. A. E. Cowley (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1910), 440 = §135o

44 Elisha Qimron, The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Harvard Semitic Studies 29 (Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1986), 62-63

m n ciyyîm 13cyyn 1QIsaa XVIII:9

´árän Aram 28 ´áHîrämIaciran 38 ´ônäm

Wnam 40 Wman 23 45 Miguel Pérez Fernández, An Introductory Grammar of Rabbinic Hebrew,

30-31. 46 -hën

lähën6 9

-hën dual Wilch,


13

22

šTêhem 19 11

šTêhen 4 13 šTayim

hen

šünêhem šünayim -hem47

šTêhem48

B2.3.6 49

Ruth, 137

impersonal Joüon & Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 522-24 §152 12

mikkemlähën lähen

lähën há

20 m’tn ’š

47 66 25 7 48

950-700Campbell, Ruth, 26

49 haccübätîm 16Bush, Ruth /

Esther, 126-27 Wilch, Ruth, 205cBT John C. L. Gibson, Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions Volume II: Aramaic Inscriptions Including Inscriptions in the Dialect of Zenjirli (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975), 124 J. Hoftizjzer & K. Jongeling, Dictionary of the North West Semitic Inscriptions Part Two M-T (Leiden: Leiden, 1995), 959 ho`ómärîm

10 15 19 10 7 15


14

7 šlP

10 Hlc 9 10

2 šlP

Samaritan Pentatuch Targum

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan to the Pentateuch

Targum Neofiti šlP 50

7

Piel qayyëm51

Hiphil hëqîm 52

53

54

50 Avi Hurvitz, "On the Term �� in Ruth 4:7," in Shnaton 1: An Annual for Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, ed. Jonas C. Greenfield and Moshe Weinfeld (Jerusalem: Israel Bible Company; Tel Aviv: M Newnan, 1975), 45-49; Bush, Ruth / Esther, 28.

51 7 6 28 106 21 27 2931 3 32

52 5 15 4 20 6 14 53 Avi Hurvitz, Linguistic Study of the Relationship between

the Priestly Source and the Book of Ezekiel: A New Approach to an Old Problem (Paris: J. Gabalda, 1982), 32-34

Hiphil 12 13 8 10 1554

Wilch, Ruth, 15-16


15

55

56

26 27 11 12

57

55

6 š s` H ’ š S š

E. Kautzsch, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, rev. ed. A. E. Cowley, 35 = §6r Rudolf Macuch, "Samaritan Languages: Samaritan Hebrew, Samaritan Aramaic," in The Samaritans, ed. Alan D. Crown (Tübingen: Mohr, 1989), 546-47 Megillah 24b

Beth Shean Haifa TiB`onim’ ` šänâ

šünatšT šanaT

šänâ šanT nunassimilation šaT(T)

F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp et. al., Hebrew Inscriptions: Texts from the Biblical Period of the Monarchy with Concordance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), 429

56 André Lemaire, "Hebrew and Aramaic in the First Millennium B.C.E. in the Light of Epigraphic Evidence (Socio-Historical Aspects)," in Biblical Hebrew in Its Northwest Semitic Setting: Typological and Historical Perspectives, ed. Steven E. Fassberg and Avi Hurvitz (Jerusalem: Magnes Press; Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2006), 186-87.

57 Avi Hurvitz, "Hebrew and Aramaic in the Biblical Period: The Problem of 'Aramaisms' in Linguistic Research on the Hebrew Bible," in Biblical Hebrew: Studies in Chronology and Typology, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 369, ed. Ian Young (London; New York: T & T Clark International, 2003), 25-27, 30-31.


16

58

59

60

C

Megilloth61

C1 62

58 Angel Sáenz-Badillos, A History of the Hebrew Language, trans. John

Elwolde (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 112-13. 59 4 nS´ + ´iššâ

44 21 3 Hubbard, The Book of Ruth, 2423

60 Avi Hurvitz, "Hebrew and Aramaic in the Biblical Period: The Problem

of 'Aramaisms' in Linguistic Research on the Hebrew Bible," 35. 61

Sasson, Ruth, 12 62 Sasson, Ruth, 12.


17

63

C2

64

63

64


18

65

66

C3

´ëšet-Hayìl

10 67

11 68

4a

65

1 35 9

14

4 2616

12

66 67 Wilch, Ruth, 17. 68 11 10


19

9

17 13 14

18 42 16 69

15

22 70

13

5 18

39

40

69 Johan Renkema, Lamentations, Historical Commentary on the Old

Testament (Leuven: Peeters, 1998), 64. 70 15 22 nehPak


20

C4

71

9 14

72

C5

7 873

71 8 20 10 9 17 Hesed 72 73 587 70


21

Tishrei 14 9 10

Adar 14 /15 74 2 3

Nisan 15-21/22 75 3 4

Sivan 5 6

76 Av 7 8

Talmud77

78

74 16 17

18 19 2022

75 21 22

76

586 Ta‘anit 29a 70

Meir Zlotowitz, Migillas Lamen- tations: A New Translation with a Commentary Anthologized from Tal- mudic, Midrashic and Rabbinic Sources, Artscroll Tanach Series (New York: Mesorah Publications Ltd., 1976), xx-xxi

77 Sasson, Ruth, 12-13 Amoraic Period200 400

Gemera

78


22

D 1

17 22

27

1218

18

18

79

2004 20-21 37

15 14 14 1820

79 Younger 44 46 ´anšê-Häyil1 11

K. Lawson Younger, Jr., Judges, Ruth, NIV Application Commentary (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002), 392


23

E

4

3 4 80

3 6 MT 4

7

2

5

9

12 14

15 30

15 18

3233

80 13 18


24

9 11

3 4

2 81

Mesha stela

4-8

14

6 27

25 82

594

3

2

81

8 1121 23

82 25 65

28


25

F

83

6

8 913

20 2184

12 10 20

11 16

83

10 11 84

4 5


26

85

13

16 17

86

2

17

11 12 10 13

Hesed

49 20 1 2

12 24

85

7 20 86 12


27

87

8 20 10

1613

12 2912 wü´ëllè

Tôldôt

87


28

G 1 22

1. 1 5

2. 6 19a

3. 19b 22

1 17

1. 1 23

1.1 1 3 1.2 4 17

1.3 18 23

2. 1 18 2.1 1 7

2.2 8 15

2.3 16 18

3. 1 12

3.1 1 8

3.2 9 10 3.3 11 12

4. 13 17

18 22

1. 18a

2. 18b 22


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