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2. National Research Council, 1998, Issues in Potable Reuse: The Viability of Augmenting Drinking Water Supplies with Reclaimed Water. NationalAcademy Press, Washington, DC20418.

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42 0 22 9.0 56 5 5 5 2400

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P@ T NA A% 8 P@ T = 0.10 x 10.0= ml

1.0 ' 5 + 2 BOD53) / mg/l 3.33 IA P T

T'%0.33.

)> ( . 5 4%)16-3

mg/l 690= 300/0.2

0.10/0.1)5.45.8()5.35.8( = BOD

11-3 '+ B3

23. NA ! [ G/ 2 0. T

A P@ .2

194

O * P@ T X5 ;" 8 ^- . V3 3# 5

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4'/ / P@ T 20C P@ 4% 5 4B- F: '

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4 P@ *) O / 0 - 42. P310C *)

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)17-3( k = k20 T-20

Jk = 0 4 42. G T .

k20 = 0 4 42. G 20C .

= % 0 4..

T = 0 F 4 0.

0. 5 2 0 P0 i B

M') 5 . 8 5 ; P@ ThF@

!+ 0 > < M * */ P@ T 0

>- T3 . T / d T >- T @ ")

/ . * P@ T 0 2\5 % 25C

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F - 42. A 0. 8 4 4.

/ - / 5 . @ 5 8 7. . GS )

5 P@ T % # : T 0+ / [%

P@ T > + ^ [% 4_ A 7 P@

23. 0 8 S 5G V0 - S

5 > K 42. A 2 + S 8 5

8 # S ! NA 5 .@ 0W / ( . )

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[D5 8. P@

197

8 : 4 A 4. > P@ T ;

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198

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0 5 .4 ) ' + >

8 T" >0 B @ 2/ " .D 8 ' 4@ ># F"

M- *).3 S 0 A 7 3 5 A 3+

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4- 4B- * G: .

0 5 A $ A P@ T F

G/ "B .\5 $/

199

P@ T Q@ * - S 0. * 8' 8

0. ' .@ ' )>"R 0W 2 8 $- GK 2.0

mg/l . 4B- / *) 4@ 3 ' / Gmg/l 0.5 5 .

M># 4< 5 4. / % 0 6D\5 Vh 0W

3+ !+ V 6 > F" K >"R / . +A

!+ V G #/ .

- GS 0+ / A5 2 0.

200

b ' O 3 ApH 3 4- O/ / ' L/

4G+0. / 0 53` 7 2 8G . .

# B- (

-# #*" !# . !' 0 1# 5

!# " G%' :' -# YL& ' # H# 8

.

# ' 3'#(# : !;- !# # - '#

(# ;- /H D- " # . G :* " a4 J%- # # %+

#Z !# 9 4# 0 1# ! ' + % #6

3 0 1# # (

-# %# 8+ # (# .

&

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F0G / - &=! &1) F/M ( ; &=

4B- > "!"#/+0 3" )F/M( $0

2SMOM> Q@ 23. 4 # 2 G

! b A` BOD . ) /)F/M($3 5

$' +0 3. 0 > $0 P<

b : A) - S > 0 ' 23. A)

BOD . 4- +

203

Q' P@BOD% 5 G/ $ J $0 4 #

%95 . 0 4B- 5 6/ # - O

A) .BOD *) [D5 P * . P@ T *)

A0 T 0 . $ O 87 ; 5 4 A0

90 $. ;" G/ $ .

19-3 :+ - ,

204

2/hA (A 87 M4- % / V 2

5 . .3 O5

0 )20- . *@'/ x * V

2 42.G * ' 85 T . 5

2K\5 " 4 A %

R 2 v. +

'%.18-3 J > G :

rg = X (18-3)

J: rg = 42. B

= 42.)2 4.(

X = 2 A B

) V0(Declining Growth Phase) I Q' . .3 F" KF [. . V0

. G 42. A0 % O2 % .

kA + . .3 P V0

H4G 2 $8

0 > $ .

. P@ (Monod equation) 42. V0:

= m

+ SKS

S

(19-3)

Jm = 42. *@'/

S = D8 4 A B

205

Ks = N-` G)D8 4 A F *@'/ ' P@

42.( mg/l.

20-3: &** & ' & & ? &

3 '%. T" ) D8 4 A 42.

4- ^23 A V8 V 2 21-3 . F G

42. F . .3 A P@

42. 'm . . O.18-3. 5 19-3 42. 5

D8 4 5 ] :

rg =

+

SK

XSS

m (20-3)

2 # (Endogenous Growth Phase) ) 8$20-3 ( )F@"Y+# (Decreasing Metabolism)FY+ E# # F3J % # W8

206

! . # # %% # G%' # D

(# 4# -% -;&8%# . 8% # L& #

:(## :N2=# - 8 G .:L 8% 8- Y - L& '" #

! %% N% . E# # ! % Y+ 8!-# %

> (#

rd = - kd X (21-3)

J:

= rd2 4 4. B

= kd 2 4 4.

X= 2 A B

5@ 42. / N0 +5 " 4% 2

.20-3 21-3

r 'g =

+

SK

XSS

m - kd X (22-3)

J 'gr = 5@ 2 42. B

. 4.(19-3)^@ 42. :

' = m

+ SKS

S

- kd (23-3)

J = 5@ 42. *@'/

207

@ (Growth Yield) A 0 . .3 A O/ . 5 0) 4-21-

3 (\5 M@ *@'/ A !G/ 52K

V0 (Exponential and Declining Growth Phase) (Xm

Xo) *)

A 4% R . .3 + (So S

m) . $

208

21-3 : &-+ #*) ( * ? / D+ %

1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20thed. Published jointly by American Public Health Association, Washington, DC 20005, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation. New York: American Public Health Association, 1998.

2. Waterborne Pathogens. 1st Ed. Denver, CO : American Water Works, 1999. AWWA manual ; M48

3. Hammer, Mark J. Wastewater Treatment in Dry Climates (Desert or Desert with Some Rain). Alexandria, VA : Water Environment Federation, 2001. 22314-1994.

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4-3 kt! 8 G%G 3R . >K

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210

11-3 tOK 48 5 F FA [ *. P.

12-3 ' 0 (Latency) . (Persistence) 0 .(Infective) W, %.

13-3 . OK 7 5 $

A . POK $ p$35 +@

0 ., ' 4+\ > ,

+ $/ . " Q-K A. O .

P "/ >20 !0`! OK T" 48 p) V0

8 *)5-3 15-7.(

14-3 / X'. OK 48 5 - 4 .

- 7 5 ! 8 OK 4

p OK T" G - 3 P p-

15-3 G2 # T 5 . 7 G%G K

$ . ) J . 5 85 $!A0 @ A Q%7

* p4@ D' 8 P 2p. *@

16-3 P- 85 4- ' V3 . 5

P p A 5 P- P F

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17-37 . !0` . 0 O 8 5 p1622 . 0 n 101 T 7 85

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19-3 8 "!

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212

n b MPN 8 8 'G

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-. /+0 1 ml 10 2 "$ ml 100 . * !" 4"5

6 !27* " 8 )"*2" )"9 : !$# 27 ; W *@'K4. MPN

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28-3

0 5 f 8 >B * 4 F"

pA 8 p 8 0)

29-3 48 8 7 >- T V0 !0 P@

@8 # J2.

30-3 > BOD * $ 2 P@ T /

:3/ P@ T 0' *) ml 300= ml 6.0 DO

K= mg/l 8.1 DO / = mg/l 4.2. b ' BOD +

42. / O5k F0.1 p)>0 mg/l 195 mg/l 290.(

31-3 (* BOD '$ A+6 / B . " !.C ?5 * ? mg/l 600 . ;. : 5 + 8& !&*

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213

@A+ !G 6 !HH $I C6)) ( )6

.BOD? &J " DO 8& K, : :9.!" ! mg/l 8.2 (6 * 6 . mg/l 3.5 mg/l 4

: '$ $+6 " A+ 8# . 6

/+ !5I)* ( ? 8. : 6L 8& * M

BOD(6 %10A+ : 6L % .) 9)*( ml 2.0 N+ " ml 7.0 8& "$ 8& ))( mg/l 560(.

32-3 > BOD k4. G P@ T /

] 7 * $ . BODf 8 A

42.k . ' 300 b 4 %2P T 0A P@ T .

K >"R 0K DO 8 H4 5 8.3 mg/l * $ ;"

3 . $0 +. ' J%G . 8 DO V

A] +3 2 8 :t = 1.1 DO = 6.7 mg/l 2.2

6.0 mg/l 4.3 4.7 mg/l 6.3 3.8 mg/l 14.4 2.4 mg/l.

33-3 > BOD k 4. G [D5 / #

- S + 0. . . BOD-time 42. 8

k .53\ 8 V 3 ml 60 *) P@ T4 '

+. mg/l 240P T .RCJ%G 8 ) . $0 '

bDO5 8.1 mg/l.R C3 * 4@ LK 8

8 DO I 5 A V : 1.3 DO= 7.2 mg/l

3.3 mg/l 6.4 4.3 mg/l 6.2 5.3 mg/l 5.8 8.3 mg/l

4.5 11.3 mg/l 3.5.

34-3 F0 BOD P@ T * 2 P@ T *

0

214

BOD-time ' > BOD-/ 42. 8 ' k$ .

IA ` P T P@ T 0A %1.5o5 F" ml 4.5

H4 5 P@ T 'ml 300 . DOK mg/l 8.1 * $

$0 ' J%G . . 3 8 . I :0.63

DO= mg/l 6 0.9 mg/l 5.6 1.7 mg/l 4.2 2.8 mg/l

3.1 3.6 mg/l 2.3 3.9 2.1 mg/l 5.0 mg/l 1.7.

35-3 ) BODT/ 0 7 *

u * .0 24 [D5 T I. GG (

R ^- 2 P@2 + . . 4' . .0

R; " +8 NA F3 .

DG $ 4BOD

A 48 'BOD-/ . ' >

(time/BOD)1/3 $ 4G 42. 8 P+ A 48 8 T" k. 36-3 ) BODT/ 0 0/ *

* .0 2 24 . 6 (` V@ P@ T .

2 3 5 6.1 9 12 BOD (mg/l)50 150 252 280 345 390

$ 4G BOD V'

A 48 'BOD-/ ) . 5 0

4- O. P A 15-3 .(' >) (3/1

$ 42. 8 A 48 8 T" k.

37-3 '

BOD 4 @ P@ T * $

. P@ T " 2 8D> .3.

1 2 3 5 6 9 13 17 BOD(mg/l) 4 6.3 12.5 13.6 14.3 18.2 20.2 23.8

215

)ml(

)ml ( DO ! )mg/l( DO ! )mg/l(

" # $$% &

5.01.5 8.8 6.01.5 8.7 7.01.5 9.0

$' *BOD 150 5.4 150 5.5 150 5.7

$' *BOD 8.01.5 0.5 8.01.5 0.8 8.01.5 0.4 6.01.5 3.1 6.01.5 2.9 6.01.5 2.9 4.01.5 4.6 4.01.5 4.5 4.01.5 4.8

38-3 A0/ BOD 0. P@ T NA ' " "#

. 8 !A0/ ml 20 NA ' ) 5 ml 300 T

> .3 8D P@ . ' BOD * A .

ml 1.0 @ P@ T ml 2.0" . T" I 0/ 8

0 5 7 ' 4 . ' >/BOD) .B1= mg/l

216

8.2 D1 = mg/l 8.2 f =0.10p= mg/l 300/1.( BOD 48 A 'BODf 2' p/ 42. ' k) ' 0KBODf

/ =mg/l 900 k = 0.07 .(

)!(

*

+B2 mg/l

*

D2 mg/l

)!(

*

+B2 mg/l

*

D2 mg/l

0 8.2 8.2 7.9 4.5 4.1 1.0 7.3 7.2 9.8 4.1 3.8 1.9 6.5 6.4 11.8 3.9 3.5 2.9 5.9 5.8 14.0 3.4 2.9 3.8 5.5 5.3 15.6 3.6 2.7 4.7 5.1 5.0 19.0 3.8 2.1 6.0 4.8 4.6

39-3 A0/BOD 0. P@ T NA .5

>"R 0K ' DO A P@ T " 7 .

R02+ ' ABOD " ) P@ TR l> .3 8 (

53)ml 15' 4 ml 300 . ' A+0BOD. P@ T 0

53\ ml 2.0 P@ T ml 1.5 " .

*&DO' ,

)!(

)mg/l( - )mg/l(

0 7.9 8.1 1.0 6.5 5.5 2.2 5.4 4.2 3.0 4.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.5 5.0 3.8 2.1 6.0 3.8 2.1 7.0 3.6 2.0

217

72. * $ G%G 7 DONA ' 5 K

mg/l 7.9 DO ' 5 K P@ T mg/l 8.1 .

BOD-time 4 A P@ T 0. P@ T.

'BOD 7. / k .

40-3j/ A0 4 2 P@ T * @

BOD S 5 32-3 2 2 G%G 4 A0) . * $

] 7 2 @ A >

8. @ 8. @2 .

# $ * TSS ./ & 1 2 3

01, ./ )g( 52.842 53.252 53.073 01, ./ )g + ( )g( 110.0 104.0 102.8 01, ./ )g + ( $

,)g( 52.902 53.308 53.126

1, ./ 0)g + ( $ &%)g(

52.859 53.287 53.092

' $ * SS 3 & 1 2 3 45 )g( 0.1160 0.1165 0.1152

%)g ( ,)g( 48 72 72 45 )g + ( $ )g( 0.1270 0.1353 0.1332

45 )g + ( $ &%)g(

0.1170 0.1208 0.1198

)0K1050) TS = 1070 mg/l) 1100 1070( 9%/ 20) (Total Volatile Solids) )TVS( =$8750) 720 mg/l 410 690(

218

%69(Suspended Solids, SS) 250 mg/l = 229) 261 250( )VolatileSuspended Solids, VSS(= mg/l 198 208) 201 186( %79(.

41-3j/ 2 0. P@ T * @ 4 A0

BOD S 5 39-3 . 22 G%G 4 A0) . * $

] 7 A > @ )Total Suspended

Solids, TSS( 2 )Total Volatile Solids, TVS( @

8. )Suspended Solids, SS(2 8. @ )Volatile

Suspended Solids, VSS( .

# $ * TSS

./ & 1 2 3

01, ./ )g( 51.494 51.999 50.326

01, ./ )g + ( )g( 109.5 103.4 118.4

01, ./ )g + ( , $ )g( 51.587 52.081 50.437

01, ./ )g + ( &% $ )g( 51.541 52.042 50.383

' $ * SS

3 & 1 2 3 45 )g( 0.1154 0.1170 0.1170

%)g(,)g( 25 25 30

45 )g + ( $ )g( 0.1241 0.1259 0.1278

45 )g + ( &% $ )g( 0.1160 0.1173 0.1178

219

42-3 2 @ >

4 5 @ . 5

S P@ T F) 8 5 @ *) V011-2.(

01, ./ % 6- )g( 50.160

/ 6- ./ )g( 50.2

7% - 8 ./ )g( 90.8

7% , $ 8 ./ )g( 52.783

&% $ 8 ./ )g( 50.969

43-30. 5 7 @ pP@ T

!- >20 4 "@ "p0 . .

44-3 G: 4. ' V3 50 42. .

45-3 0 DG: / P 5 5 F - '

' 40/ F 1.072 0 A 8

F - 42. A + %100) 4. P.3( A ") p

8 05C pF - A 8

46-3 L BOD ' 640 g/m3. d 0/ L 2 +

0C258D5 $ $0$A . / B BOD 2

( [D5 6 p) >01000 g/m3. d.(

47-3 O 42. Q'BOD)( .@ P@ T + 5 %20 F A 0 O 20C *) 16C .

. 17-3 0 4. > .

220

48-3 +0 3. - S + 5

"BG "B ; p

49-3 / >0 " Sp$0 5 -

50-3R

0 " > / k8 ; p

51-3

. $3 T 2 F" F - P@ .

52-3 . 2 F >/ A AB

8 F F"B J 5

0 . % 5 A

. J 3 16 0 3 37C .5

K AB A 72. .lG 42. $ 4 6 $.

AB K A 48 5 F 87 .t' 42.

N-` G *@'K)*@'K 42. ' P@ L AB A .(

. > . B@19-3 * . T"

6 F" . A V' V 6S 8 " +

4

! !

"# $ % . &'#( )* + ,% - /%!

0!( 1$ 2-! .$ %3 4 )5 67 %

)5 8 )3479!:; ' .

1-4

m3 ;1 /'/' ?8 . @ ?8 67

>1 % (15C) 60F / :A 1 ,% :A ,slugs/cu ft 1.94 -,) 999( .? 3 > 67 =!4 cu ft 1.0 )m3 1.0( 6

, 62.4 lb )kN 9.80(. / > $B5 C A ?8 B%

D! ft/ sec2 32.2 )m/sec2 9.81(.

671 >1 =!4 > 5 :A . 3 /8;)1-4 ( 6

9%1 4 >4G =!4 H :Acu ft 1.0, >! 0.433

Psi.4 )G !-!

(Feet of Head) K A Psi .GL 676 1A 1 $B5 )/8; 1-4( D! $ -!4 /B 21 I1 ft $G 0:A 0.433 Psi . :A

21 M 1 0(7 K :A 6PsiN K 0.433 0A

)G 0 . 3 /8;)1-4+ (0 /B :A JB

.G /8 N N/8; :A /B 5%* . 1 /

-!4 6 =!4 ( /

Aft 2.31 $G $ :A O1 Psi . =!4

JB 6Pft 1Q8 -!4 6 Psi 0.433 .H8 =!4 6P$G 0:A Psi 1.0

K Q8 ft 2.31-! 6 .

1-4 : Psi

2-4: kPa !

/8; 2-4 $ -!4 :A GL4 SI 1 .

9%1 4 >4G =!4 :A 671.0) 3 1 >! %

>1 15C , 9.80 kPa 6P JB m 1.0 -!4 6 0:A /B $ $G

kPa 9.80 I6 1.0 kPa , :A 6 m 0.102 -!4 6 $.

:A HG 3% 68)Piezometer ( M-A

) /8;3-4 (+ 6:A 1 % 6 4 64 :# .

#1 :A =!4 + / .0 >3% 68

' I:A G !4 =7 0 -!4 :A )G %

9G > 68 >4 . H ' 6 4 )( 68

6 /? ' 68 + 1 -!4 /% 6A JB I0 4 :A )G

1 = 13.6G -!4 6 B5 I> $ ft 1 0:A Q8 ' 6

$G Psi 5.9 . 3) /8;3-4+ ( ' :A H 0()

Manometer .( + G 6 /' :A 6 , :A >G 67

/8; 9U . 68 =!4 )( 04 #

1 21 !:? 68 >.

(Bourdon Gauge)) 3-4( ! "#$"$ %&$ ' * + ,& &

- .$/ .- 01. .3 4 * * 5

6&00 5+ 7/ ! 8# $$"9$ & .1: & .

;& ! ;0) . ! =

?3 7- %> 1 .- .$0 @ A0 =0( . ;&0

B& 7- =0 .-C . Psi 14.7 !)kPa 101( .> = ! DE> E &! 80 0C

(Pressure Gauge) . = /! D# ! F: 7$/ # >(Vacuum) . !%$ (Absolute

Pressure) = G:0- 7$/ 1> %$ H/ 8# .- .

3-4 : "

2-4

GL 67 6 8 1 I4 I +

A > +L :

Q = VA (1-4) 21Q = > 8 cu ft/sec (m3/sec)

V = 4ft/sec) m/sec (

A = +L A 1ft2 (m2)

:# $B5 "* (Continuity Equation) . T /' ! I:AL / 6P A 1 #G) M#

:# $! H' ( G( I 6P H8 I 6 +% +* 4

6P 4 &G I1 ) /8;4-4.(

4-4: #$ % & $

!8 G , -,U/8 C% -83 ) 6 -!4 6

4 :A -!4 IC*!4

!8 G = -!4C* +:A -!4 +4 -!4

E = Z +w

p +

gV2

2

(2-4)

21E= -!4 !8 G

P= 64 C*@%

V= :A

w= /' /? >1

g= ? C

4 G; ( 671 " =!4 /8;!5-4 /V?

!8 G. >G 97 /# ,B C* :A -!4 , H

+ 1 :A . -G; C* -!4 ,Z 6 @

+ =7 % .-83 -! 5 6-! 6B5 C% 67 .

81 G I4 -!4 , + AP -! =7 3G

!8 G =7 /# -83 .1 ( B7 sec-lb-ft

2-4 6P) 68 !# -! 1 U/8.

B7W 1 G G% 6 !!(6 + )

) /8;5-4( I O3-4 . M!# /?hL ) -, G CA

1 . % J-1 6 J81* @G =7 % 1 G CA

64 O +* +A % G! CA 21 G 68 I+

I-#?* + ( 5G -: .

!8 G 6 /# 5 ( =4G X-(EnergyGradient) X- ((Grade Line) . $% 0 / 6 ( B3 :

Y B7 *7 IG 0#G 0 I+*ZG A 4 ) =7 >%

!4 (A=/? / .- " 6 /# ( 9[ -83 X-

:A G C* @. \ 4 $1 -)

+ 8; 1 5 .

5-4: ' (! #$ )* #$

Z1 + 5.621p

+ 4.64

21V = Z2 + 5.62

2p +

4.64

22V + hL (3-4)

21 Z= IC*ft

P= I:Alb/cu ft

V= I4ft/sec

hL= I-! in

62.4 = I /? >1 lb/cu ft 64.4= 2gI ft/sec2

64 3-48 1 :

Z1 + 80.91p

+ 6.19

21V = Z2 + 80.9

2p +

6.19

22V + hL (4-4)

21 Z= C*

P= I:AkPa )kN/m2(

V= I4(m/sec)hL= I-!)G*(ft)

9.80= I /? >1 kN/m2 19.6= 2gI m/sec2

O :A +1 68 )( + J81 6

^ (Darcy Weisbach Equation)

hL = f gDLV

2

2

(5-4)

21 hL = I:A ft

f = J81* /4IK L = I+ /ft

V = I+* 4ft/sec

D= + G Ift

J81* /4 f + &'#( + > ;(/' . I84 $ 6% /% 66P Gf 6 B(_ 6 68 5-4

)( 9 ;( + G =!4 04 JB6-4 .

4 @( 1! 3% L# -# +

+- + 0A + CA =7 A7 -!

6A J81*+ . T 4 =!4 %B ) 68

O 68 JB =!4 I 6 0 0L3 4 1!0

O + J81 6 . 8; `A 1 % 1

68 I`A V1 -# -? 1! 4 B 4

!8 6 0' 0% /V8; . Q88 -! >1 64 68

+ 6 -1 / 4 :

hL = gKV2

2

(6-4)

21 hL = I-! ft )m(

V = I+* 4ft/sec )sec/m(

k = /

+ Q8 / 67 :A G + 9 /V? 94

+ G . /% )-1-4 )G k -# ,B + '8 /

L#!( 3% .

1-4:

) (

)! ( 0.60 20

) ( 1.80 60

90

0.9032

0.7527

)(*

0.60 20

45 0.42 15

)( 0.48 17

! )( 3.7 135

" )( 1.2 40

(*) =

1-4

in. 24 ft 5000

!) = 0.001 ( " # $#cu ft/sec 10.

%&1-4

V = = ftsq

sec/ftcu10

= 3.2 ft/sec

$'* 6-4 +#& ,d = in. 24 0.001 = ,f =0.017 . # +#&5-4

hL = 0.017 = 6.8 ft

6-4: ) (Flow of Fluids) Crane Co .! " #$(

2-4

"# 68 (A6 200G )+ 6 % +# 1 12-in. I3

C890 I G "## I61 #)1 M%[ G .

4 1 ( /8 4 +13.0 ft/sec.

> 5 8 -# L#! '8 / ( B7

/% 1-4 I 6P, Q8 V!8 + /: 200 + 3 x 27 + 2 x 17 + 1 x 135 = 450 ft

0.019 = f I 6-4 6 )(5-4

hL = 0.019 = 1.2 ft

3-4 5-4 ! ! :Z1=

m 4.5 "p1 = 280 kPa " V1= m/sec 1.2 "Z2= m 9.3 "p2= kPa 200 "V1= m/sec 1.2.

4.5 + + = 9.3 + + hL4.5 + 28.6 + 0.07 = 9.3 + 20.4 + 0.07 + hL hL = 3.4 m = 33 kPa

3-4 !" !#$

# $% & ' ()'*+&, "-/ 0!1! 2

'%3 45 0%! 0%6! . 7 '&8! 03 &9 !%

"(% %, 9 08 &%! ) &; !% ?6 (!! ! '% ' . ? '

%!0!1! @ "AB+ '%, 4 '%9 4, % .

) )# 04; + +* * ?8 67 )

65 5 (Hazen Williams Formula) I7-4:Q = 0.281 CD 2.63 S 0.54 (7-4)

$B5 8-,' 4 A + +

+ ;( =!4 04 J81 / I+ G /8 b 21 .

/% 32-4!( + L $B5 )G .

21 :

Q = 8 I+*gpm

2-4 = /% I/ C

D = + G Iin

S = I-83 X- in/in

/8; ( 677-4 1 !%WU/1 /

$G1006! 1 6 0 /V? B5 I $4 15 =7 20 . 4 BP

*-1 6 6?) G I"#4 I-! I+ ( 6P 6?*

4 ) ) V( 6 5 68 6( ( .

67 0L?0 $G gpm 500 $G + in. 8 5G 4 9 68

ft/sec 3.2 $G -!4 ft/1000 ft 8.5 .(0.0085 ft/ft)

100 ! " # $ %#3-4 . & '( )C = 100* " ft/1000 ft

8.5 " + ,100 = C * 8.5 X 0.62 = ft/1000 ft 5.3.

0A 68 65 +1 c# 60>; -!

S = + >47:

hL

= 0.002083 x L85.1100

C 8655.485.1

DQ

(8-4)

hL

= I-!4 ft

L = I+ /ft

C =/% I/2-4

Q = 8 I+*gpmD = + G Iin.

2-4: %&"C " $ ( )* 7-4 ( 8-4 ( 9-4

C 140

130 150 130

5 120 20 100

130 130 140

!" 140 150#$ % &'( 120

#$ ) &'( 110

68 I! 65 8-4I 3T# 4 1

SI /8;:

Q = 0.278 C D2.63

S0.54

( SI ) 1 (9-4)

21 :

Q = +* 8m3/sec C = /% I/4d2

D = I+ Gm

S = I-83 X-m/m

>; -! +1 1:

hL = 0.002131 x L

85.1

C100

8655.4

85.1

DQ

( SI) (10-4)

21 :

hL = I-! m

L = I+ /m

Q = 8 +*m3/sec C = /% I/2-4

D = + G Im

/8; ( /18-4 1 SI 65

/ /% 6 C $G 100 $4 6! 1 6 0 /V? I15 =7

20 . *-1 6 6?7 4 BP) I-! I + G I"#

4 ( 6P 4 ) ) V( 6 5 68 6( 6?*

( .$G 0 67 0L? l/s 30 G + $mm 200 9 68

$G -!4 m/m 0.0080 5G 4 m/sec 0.95.

3-4: + , hL = KhL 100 = C *

CK CK

80 1.51 120 0.71

100 1.00 130 0.62

110 0.84 140 0.54

21 :

hl = I-! L = / I+m Q = I+*m3/sec C = /% I/2-4 D = I+ Gm

4-4

$G H' / + 4 -!1 ' 6 % $ `A in. 14 ft 10.500% V1 =7 . $G + /- -! +1 gpm 1400

6 100 = C I 140 = C.

)(8-4 100 = CI

hL = 0.002083 x 10500

85.1

100100

8655.4

85.1

)14()1400(

= 38.3 ft

/8; ( )(7-4 /% 6 C = 100 0( ) I"# 4 0 gpm 1400G 14e7 . 4 > 68

-! V( ,ft/1000 ft 3.6. h

L = 3.6 x 10.5 = 38 ft

7-4: 100 = C

)(8-4 140 = CI

hL = 0.002083 x 10500

85.1

140100

8655.4

85.1

)14()1400(

= 20.6 ft

-!4 G )(3.6/% 6 M1# /4 ( 6 G

KC -f /% 63-4 I h

L = 3.6 10.5 0.54 = 20 ft

5-4

H' $ + 68 B7 )100 = C( $G mm 200 $G 0% /1 l/s

30* 4 Ig! +

) ( /8; )(8-4 "# 4 ) ( 6P Il/s

30 Gmm 200 4 -! G m/m 0.008.

) + (m3/sec Q = 30 l/s = 0.030 D = 200 mm = 0.20 m+* 6% 1 67 =

2

)2/0.20( = m2 0.0314 . )(

1-4I V x 0.0314 m2 = 0.030 m3/sec V = 0.030/0.0314 = 0.955 m/sec

9-4I

2.63 S0.54)0.20( 100 0.030 m3/sec = 0.278

= 0.0744 == S0.54

S = 0.07441/0.54 = 0.07441.85 = 0.00817 m/m S = 817 m/1000 m

) X( 10-4 I

LhL

= 0.002131 85.1

100100

8655.4

85.1

)20.0()030.0(

= 0.00817 m/m

8-4: 100 = C

6-4

N6( 6 :! 3% ) 68 I (A 6(

IN/4 /1 8 + 8;)+1 8 ( /8; =!4 M-A9-4. ) (=!4 04 X- 6 01A 0( ) I

)! -83 :

ZA 0 ft = I PA = Psi 80 I ZB = 30 ft I PB = 30 psiI ZC = 40 ft IPC = 100 ft I)6( @(

)+ ( @ +1 I; $B5 1B U/8 6 ) +*

6(A 6 6-( 6 .)( 100 = C 5 8 + )%1

( M-A.

9-4: ! " #$ % 6-4

) ( @ -83 -!

A = 0 ft + 80 Psi 2.31 ft/Psi = 185 ft B = 30 + 30 2.31 = 99 ft C = 40 + 100 = 140 ft

/# (8 -83 X- 3 6 -83 -!

-G; (8 .

hL = 185 - 99 = 86 ft 6A B

= 86 5 = 17.2 ft /1000 ft hL

/8; )(7-4 I# hL

= 17.2 ft/1000ftG I in. 12

G 68 Q = gpm 2160 . = = 13.7 ft 6A B /1000 ft= hL

13.7 ft = ) = 6B C( hL /1000ft

/%hL

= 13.7 ft/1000ft + in. 10 I = Q gpm 1180 I 6PQ 4 > !8B = 2160 + 3340 gpm = 1180.

4-4 -./ / 01

)( (A"# $ 4 "' . )(f

(A (Low Lift) $ I # 6 )(f I"# V1 =7 % 6 "# (A (

(High Service) "# ) =7 :A 1 >% I' "# V( 4 "# $ "# (A >-(Booster

Pumps) )(f 61 I$ ) :A > )( (A / 8 >47(Recirculation and Transfer Pumps) G J1

6A % )( I% V1 (A '(Well Pumps)

I 3%! 4 !1A h 6 6 @( J5 /

(A6 18 64* '8 W )(f.

)( (A>B Centrifugal Pumps)((! '; N/8; I / JB )( (A (Reciprocating

Pumps) %W 1i (A"-% (Progressive Cavity ) )(f I>[1 J1 (A-G; (Vertical Turbine

Pumps) )( I `A (A : Pumps) (Pneumatic Ejector"# $ >:# V1 . (A

'3 (Air Lift Pumps) (AG % (Pumps Peristaltic) (A (Turbine Pumps)f N )(

#( .;G # &'#( =!4 > $B5 (A ) I>B

N 4f 3 >-1 @( 3 eG +8 B5.

10-4 : &' ( )! $ ( *+

(A I; >B =7 0 A( 3!8 5:# 3

=!4 3N" 1 /N!( :! . % 67 5 3

j#4 I; -

CV(Impeller) 8; =7 5 4 $ ,B !1 "# +.

> =!4 0'% $B5 / I>B 54 (A

3 .(A /4 "3 =7 68 :A _8 /1 4 JB

81 G . !: CV 0>4 )(V` A4 >8 =7 /#! .

!# =!4 1 "# $ 1 CV >1 )(f . 68 G

# /8;; - G I0!1 >; .A: 6 >-

# )# 6 " ; L (A B

-#( !:;.

2/ 3

9% ,B -! -18 !( G . 0!: "# + )-# 68 4

6 +--( CVN" =7 (A X( 4 :A I

"W ! 37 ;

11-4: ( # ,-

-!4 &G N/8; + I0% )-# M (A

/8; M-A 5 812-4 . >8 (A "#! /-

&G )? 6 @#G G =7 /# =1 .8 @ 6% /- -