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　録

第一輯自

一戸

"

由

　　　　　（イ）自由及び之に封する態度　∧．

　　　　　　　（１）「^-u－ズヴエ声ト」大統領の自由に對する態度

　　“There are some timid ones among us who say that we must preserve peace at any price

　　χ~..･.’　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　●even if we lose our liberty forever. To them l will say this:　Never in the history of the

world has ａ nation lost its democracy by striving to defend it. We must not be defeated by

the fear of the very danger which we are preparing to resist. Our freedom can not be

preserved by surrender.　The only thing　we have to fear is fear itself.　Patriotic men and

women are being persuaded to shut their eyes to ugly reality of international banditry by the

sinister enemy of democracy in our midst, devoted to bigotry of bunds, fascist,and communism."

　　　　　　（From PresidentRoosevelt's“ FiresideChat ”けheWhite House；May 27, 1941）

　　　　　　　　（2）青年大會に於ける「ターズヅエruト」の自由に開する講演の概要

　　　President Roosevelt spoke to the　youths of　the United States,and of the United Nations

today. He warned them that the war is going to be long, hard and bitter one, but he said；

“The United peoples of the world will know how to make full use of victory to build a better

world."　　　　　　　　　　ゃ

　　　　　　し　　　　　　　　ー　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　≪只

-g゛ぐ

ｊ ，

～

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　･^o

　　Mr。Roosevelt ^poke principally to the International Student Assembly which is holding its

four day session in Washington.

　　He told the youths that the Axis have been attacking their　meeting in terms of growing

hate. The President then said；　“The reason for this historic（rather, terrifying）attitude to-

wards this gathering is not゛hard to find。 For many years, they have made their hypocritical

appeals to youths. They have tried with all their blatant publicity to represent themselves as

the　champion　of　youth. But, now　the　world knows that the Nazis, the　Fascists, and　the

militarists of Japan have nothing to offer to youth except death."

The President assured them, “We here at home are supremely conscious of our obligation

to you, now and in　the　future. We　will not let you down, and when you　come home, we

will not embarrass （?）ｙｏｕas last time in ａ domestic economic mess of our own nation.”

　　“The better world for｀which some　of　you　visualize　will　not　come　merely　because　we

shall have won war. It will not come merely because we wished very hard for　the kind. It

will be made possible only by bold vision careful planning and hard work.”

　　President Roosevelt said that what he is　telling the United states fighting men through-

out the world　also　applies　to the　youth of the United Nations who are comrades　in　battle

with the North Americans. He said　that　there is ａ unanimity of spirit among many youths

of the United Nations who fight to preserve or to regain their freedom.

　　He then praised the struggling　armies　fighting　Hitler from the underground in occupied

countries･When the time comes for these peoples to rise, Hitler's new order will be destroyed

　　　　　　　　　　　　　・　　　　　　　　　　　　　　●　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　・by the hands of his own victims.

　　President Roosevelt then went on to say,“In the concept of the four freedoms, in the

basic principlesof the Atlantic Charter, we accept for ourselveshigh goal, unlimited objective.

These concepts and these principles are designed　to form ａ world in which men, women and

childrencan livein freedom and in equity, and above all,without fear of the horrors of war."

　　“We of the United Nations have the technical means, the physical resources,and above all,

the adventurous courage and vision and the will that are needed to build and sustain the kind

of world order which alone can ,justifythe tremendous sacrificesnow being-made by our youths.”

　　Mr. Roosevelt then warned the youths of the world by saying； “ We must work, and we

must fight to insure that our children shall have and shallenjoy in peace theirinalienablerights

of freedom of peace, freedom of religion,freedom from want and freedom from fear.”

　　　　　　(SanFrancisco:　KGEI, Sept,4,1942)

　　　　　　　（３）「。・ヽｙ」國務長官の自由に對する態度

　　“We are united in our determination to destroy the world-wide forc房of ruthlessconquest

and brutal enslavement,”the　Secretary　of State　toldthese harassed peoples.“Their　defeat

will restore freedom or the opportunity for freedom alike to all countries and all peoples."

　　“This latest assault on human freedom is,in a profound sense,ａ searching test　forna-

tions and for individuals. There is no surer way for men and for nations to show themsφves

unworthy of liberty than, by supine submission　and refusal to fight,to render more difficult

the task of those who are fighting for the preservation of human freedom－unless it be to

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ﾐ1

･〃I

Ｘ

Ｑ

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4^n

align themselves, freely and voluntarily,＼with the destroyers of liberty. There is no surer way

for men and for nations to show themselves worthy of　liberty than　to fight for its preserva-

tion, in any way that is open to them, against those who would destroy it for all."

　　　“In the plans of the new tyrants of the East and of the West, there is no freedom of

hope for anyone. If there be　some　people　who believe that they　can expect from Hitler or

the Japanese war lords greater measure of　freedom　or of opportunity for freedom than they

now possess, they need　only　look　at　the　firing　squads　in　Poland, Czechoslovakia, Norway,

France, Yugoslavia, at the concentration camps in Germany and Austria.”

　　　　　　(From Secretary of state. Cordell Hull's radio address“Basing World Peace on Valor of Free Peoples")

　　　　　　　（４）「ツォレス」副大統領の云ふ基督散的自由主義

　　“There are three great philosophies in the world today,”he said..“The first is based on

supremacy of might over right and　continues　to say　that war between　nations is inevitable

until such time as ａ single master race dominates the entire world and everyone is assigned

his daily task by an arrogant self-appointed fuehrer. Second―Marχian philosophy―says that

class warfare is inevitable until　such time as a proletariat comes out on top everywhere in

the world and can start building a society without classes. Third－which we in this country

know as democratic Christian philosophy―denies that man was made for war whether it be

war between classes or　nations and asserts boldly that ultimate peace is inevitable that all

men are brothers and that God is their father."

　　　　　　(From Vice-PresidentWallace'sSpeech on“ The Third World War Warning ”at the“ Conference of　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　－Christian Bases of the World Order ” at Delaware, Ohio ； March 9, 1943)

（ロ）白由の経済的角屎

（5）紐育共和黛の1942 年のmm政綱第十六項

●●●●●●●あ●●●●●●ｅ●●参・●●●●奪●き・●●・●●●●●●・●●

●丿●●●・●●●●●・●●・丿丿●

こ 乱 ｋ ｉ ｉ ｉ ｉ ｊ ｉ ４ ｀ ’

　　　　●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●･●●●I●●●●●●●･1●●●●●●●●･●●●･･.-,.---　.　㎜

　　　　…We must meet the needs of business in the adjustment from war to peace production,

　Wemust maintain the system of

free enterprise which has made America great…………….‥..

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（Ｔｈｅ Christian Science Monitor ; Aug. 25, 1942）

　以上は大賠米國賓業界の意見を代表して居るが物價統制局が新しく開業せんざするものは許可を要

すざの提案をしたるに對しヒュー・-y ―・ジ．－こ／ズは企業に對する“Ration ” なりざて反對し居るざの

こざo

　勢働總同盟の會長William Green も亦本年十月五日「ボストン」に於ける總會席上戦後のFree

Enterprise System を高調しすこ。-χ

　　　　　　　（6）白由の経済的角度

　　“Men .and Women cannot be really free until they have plenty to eat, and time and abil-

ity to read and think and talk things over. Down　the　years, the　people　of　the　U.S.have

moved steadily forward in the practice of democracy ”－

　　“The object of this war is to make sure that every body in the world has the privilege

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　弓川

X ゝ

も

■ ■ ■ ¬ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ㎜ ■ ■ ■ ㎜ ㎜ ■ ■

　 . ･ . - ･ . ㎜ － J W 〃 - . -

of drinking ａ quart of milk a day." Wallace.

　　“Yes, even half a pint”. Madame Litvinoff.　　　　　　（From“ Victory”，Vol.No. 1.）

（ハ）海空の自由

司

　　　　　　　m「でクオ＼／ス」副大統領の室の自由に開する見解　　　　　　　　　丿

　戦後航室問題に闘し「ツォレス」は六月二十八日紐育タイムスに七ケ偵の戦後航室組織計書を登表

した。　　－　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ダ＼

　一、國際航室局ヲ設置ス

　ニ、最重要室港ヲ國際化ス　　　　　　　　　　　　　　＼

三、國際室軍ヲ創設ス　　　　　　　　十

四、現在ノ軍飛行士ヲ民間航空二従事セシム

五、日偏雨國ノ航室機製造ヲ禁止ス

六、「ノレフト.・ヽンデ」會赴ノ空路ヲ聯合國ノ所有二移ス

七、運賃競孚防止ノ鴻國際協定ヲ締結ス　　｀

　航空帝國主義者は米の航空褐占を主張し居るも、之は第三世界戦雫を誘起するものとされて居る。

　彼は戦後世界の航室路の國際限を要譜し√将来宅の自由は海洋の自由が過去の世界に有ると等しき

意義を有す如こ至乙べく、m後航空問題は世界弔和の問題ざ緊密なる開係あt)、印ち大飛行場の國際・ｉ４４ 心幽　ｙ,ｊ４.

化及び國際保障の焉の室軍は平和維持の最も有敗なる手段Tぶ‰J同時＼~こ彼とても航空帝國主義昏,米國

の航空褐占を主張し居るも之は第三世界戮孚を誘起するものざ評して居る。　　　　　ｊ

　　　　　　　　（8）空の自由に對栗る英國の見解

　　　“Threephases of freedom of air are defined

in the statement issued yesterday by the joint

　committeeof the Association of British Chambers

of Commerce, Federation of British Industries

　and London Chamber of Commerce. They are : ｡斤eedom of passage this would permit aircraft

　tofly over any country without landing ；freedom

of faG'dities,　useof airports weather reports

　radiocontrol and other services of all states weather reports provided aircraft did not engage

　anytrade arising from or in relation to such

landings freedom of trade aircraft would be

　permitted to operate from hire of reward into out of or within any other state.　Theissue,

　committee, states vitallyaffectsfuture greatness of Britain（and Er叩rlre. Meaning offreedom of

　airmust be clearly　established before any

adherence to　principles can　be　contemplated　by

　this　country."　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　゛

　　　’　　　（“The Daily Telegraph”; March 11，1943）

　　　　　　　　（9）「ツォレス」の見解に闘するロンドンの反響

　　　“World-wide civilian air service after the war is visualized by the Vice-President ofthe

　United States in a press article. Mr. Wallace draws a picture of United Nations aircraft

　circling the globe and using some of the great air ports now used for'war purposes.Their

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ぶ，

primary aim would be safeguardedworld peace.｀･^岡

　44を

メ

｀･……1滅

サ

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　：　　し　　　　　j　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　^A's

　　“Freedom of the air, means the world of the future what freedom of the seas meant to

the wor4d of the past."　　　　　　　　　▽，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ダ

　　　　　　（Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ:　BBC,Feb.5,1943）

　　　　　　　　　　（10）濠洲南亜も亦室の自由に関心を有す

　　　Australia :

　　　　　　“Mr. Drakeford, Minister for Air, commenting on the statement on Australia's postwar

　　　civil aviation policy submitted to the British Government pointed to the close connection between

　　　civil aviation and such matters as defense, migration, employment, speedy communication with

　　　other countries and―of our empty space.　　ト

　　　　　　Experience in this war had shown that Australia must be in　ａ　position　to　provide her

　　　own aircraft when danger threatens. The proposed　plans　include　the exploitation　of bauxite

　　　deposits for aluminum production, increased manufacture of airplane engines in peace time

　　　and―access by Australia to aviation fuel supplies in New Guinea.

　　　　　　Mr. Drakeford said the initial cost of this plan which would　require 28 modern air liners

　　　to commence with will be about £5,000,000. A start could be made with bombers converted

　　　for civil use.”　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　に

　　　　　　　　　（Australia :　ABC ; Sept. 5, 1943)

　　　South Africa :

　　　　　　“South Africa regards the future freedom of the air much the same line as the freedom

　　　of the seas. Any .agreement reached by the conference （forthcoming Dominion Air Conference)

｀・゛゛¨…………´.･･　　　　　　･.･･.･･･　　　　・.･●●・　　････　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　･･　　゛

must visualize both privately owned and state owned territory.　The Conference must also

make provisions for some sortﾄof control on the　lines of the Geneva (Berne ?) Postal Conven-

tion. Future control of the air should not be left to become ａ dog fight among the nations."

　　　　　　　(From Address by T. C. Sturrock, South Africa's Minister of Transport on ・“ The Union's Outlook on

　　　　　　　　　Post-war Aircraft Transport ； Oct. 7, 1943)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　∧

一

J 四つの自由

　　　　　　　　（11）四つの自由に関する「ru－ズヅエタト」の殺書の一部

　　“There is nothing mysterious about the foundations of.ａ healthy and strong democracy. ・

The basic things expected by our people of their　politicaland economic systems are simple.

They are:

　　Equality of opportunity for youth and for others.

　　Jobs for those who can work.

　　Security for those who need it。

　　The ending of special privilegesfor the few。

　　The preservation of civillibertiesfor all.

　　The enjoyment of the fruitsof scientificprogress inａ wider and constantly rising standard

　　●　●　　　　　　　　　　　　　　r　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.of living.

　　These are the simple and basic things that must never be lost sight of in the turmoil and

unbelievable compleχityof our modern world. The inner and abiding strength of our economic

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　｀･　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4^々

　☆竺彭貢7、

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ト　　　　　　　　　　･lﾐ≪

and political systems is dependent upon the degree to which they fulfill these expectations.

　　・Many subjects connected with our social economy call for immediate improvement.

　　　As ｅχamples :

　　　We should bring more citizens under　the coverage of old-age pensions and unemployment

insurance.

　　　We should widen the opportunities for adequate medical care.

　　　We should plan a better system by which persons deserving or needing gainful employment

may obtain it.

　　　l have called for personal sacrifice. I am assured to the willingness of almost all Ameri-

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　･y　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　り　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　’cans to respond to that call.

　　　Ａ part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my budget mes-

sage I,recommend that ａ greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxa- ，

tion than we are paying today. No person　should　try, or be allowed, to get rich out of this

program ； and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be con-

stantly　before　our　eyes　to　guide our　legislation.

　　　If the Congress maintains these principles, the voters, putting patriotism ahead of pocket-

books, will give you their applause.

　　　In the future days, which we seek　to　make　secure, we look forward to ａ world founded

upon four essential human freedoms :

　　' The first is freedom of speech and叩pression ゛evごr/籾here in the 籾orld.　　　　　　　　・

　　　The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way一every toilere in tJie world.

　　’　　　　　入　　　　　　　　　　-4嚇　　　　　　　　　　　｀’

　　　The third is freedom from 匍ant一切hi硫，translated into world terms，means　economicうunderstand-

ings whichivillsecure to everyノnationa

healthy peace-time life for its inhabitants一every佃herein the

world.

　　　The fourth is freedom from fear一lohi硫, translated into 匍orld terms，vieans　a初orld-ioidereduG-

tionof（armaments to such a point and in such athorougレfashion thaレno nation will

be in a position

to commit an act of physioal aqqression aqainst anv neiohbor一佳町切‰･rein the　world･

　　　That is no vision of a distant millennium, It is a definite basis for a kind of world at-

tainable in our own time and generation.That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-

called new order of tyranny which thedictators seek to create with the crash of a

bomb.

　　　To that new order we propose the greater conception－the moral order. A good societyis

able to face schemes of world domination andforeign revolutions alike without fear.

　　　Since the beginning of our American history we have been engaged in change－inａ per-

petiial peaceful revolution―a revolution whichgoes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to chang-

ingconditions一without the concentration camp or

the quick-lime in the ditch. The world order

which we seek is the cooperation offree countries, working together in a friendly, civilized

society･

　　　This Nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its　millions

of free men and women ； and its faithin freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means

the supremacy of human rights everywhere.Our support goes to those who struggle to gain

those rights or keep them. Our strength is in our unity of purpose.”

　　(Released at the white House on Jan. 6, 1942)

フ　　　J･　　　　　　　　　　　い　　　　　　ニ　　　　　　　　　　ニ　　　　　　ブ　　　　　　ギミ4ﾐ

●

･辿し･

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　－-よ途灰玉⊇面員呈回斤妙米尚回註　尚

回ご呂ゃヱ尚皿呈回宍察回尚回圧三回≧回尚ミ]。レ･回巾尚首ﾚ示几。｡=｡縦と｡｡席－長白込私∧昌旨ぬぶ　t'ﾆr泄J一t､'5==-t -,=-･=こ･-'こ七f'''.ﾖ乙_ﾆ'.ﾋｰ'乙-.-.,,･Eぶ､'芯'‘｀こごごt.こ血ごこ?ここ“‾‘‾‾こ-｀ﾛ'こr7-ζ7こy匹ごrZ2'こS二二｀'゛゛''-fJぷご77,-'-7m;7力..こ--tこ｀ﾆｰこごこ''-Σと二μ-なぷここ..-7-｡､.';●,乙-..

r － ミ

上記の4タらクの部分は普通.叉下の如く省略されて居るｏ

‥　　1.Freedom of Religion

　　2. Freedom of Speech

　　3. Freedom from want

　　4. Freedom from fear

１００

　　　　　　　（12）「？エノレズ」の四つの自由に開する説明

　　“ｌ do not believe that the two first freedoms－of speech and of religion can ever be

assured to making, so long as want and war are permitted to ravage the earth. Freedom of

speech and of religionneed only protection. They require only relieffrom obstruction. Freedom

from fear―the assurance of peace : and freedom from want―the assurance of individual

personal　security,require　all　of　the　implementation　whichthe genius　of man can　devise

through effectiveforms of international cooperation｡

　　“Peace, freedom from fear, cannot be assured until the nations of the world, particularly

the great power, and　that includes the United　states, recognize that the threat of war any-

where throughout the globe threatens their own security,and until they are jointly willing to

exercise the police powers necessary to prevent such threats from materializing into armed

hostilities.And since policemen　might be tyrants if they had no politicalsuperiors,freedom

from fear also demands some form of organized internationalpoliticalcooperation,to make the

rules of internatio皿□iving and to change them as the years go by and some sort of inter-

national court to adjudicate disputes. By effective institutions of that character to insure

equality and justice, and the continued will to make them work, the peoples of　tHe world

should at length be able to live out their liveslin peace.

　　　“Freedom from want requires these things, People who want to work must be able to

find useful jobs, not sometimes, not in good years only, but continuously. These jobs must be

at things which they do well, and which can be done well in the places where they work.

They must be able to exchange the things which they produce, on fair terms for other things

which no other people, often 柏 other places, can make better than they.　Efficient and con-

tinuous production, and fair exchange, are both necessary to the abundance which we seek,

and they depend upon each other.” ■･I｡

　　　　　　　（FromUnder-SecretaryWelles'Address before New York Herald Tribune Forum in New York City.

　　　　　　　　　No. 17, 1942）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，

　　　　　　　　（13）「ウ」タヘルミナ」女王の四つの自由に開する肩明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　-.〃

　　　“Democracy is our most precious heritage.

　　　We　cannot breathe in the sullen atmosphere of despotic rule.

　　　The people of the Netherlands have developed their free institutions in their own progres-

sive way, in accordance with their high regard for personal and national liberty.

　　　They had long approached the complete realization of the four freedoms which the Presi-

dent of the United states has set as one of the aims of our common war effort. There was

of old in our whole kingdom freedom of religion and of speech ； there also was freedom from

　　　　　　　　口　　犬

嚇「

.‥‥‥‥‥り

獅卜し……%M>

１

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　し　　　　　し　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　101ト

fear, and constant forward steps, designed to insure freedom from want, were in ever-eχpand-

ing　evolution."

　　　　　　　（From the Address of Queen Wilhelmina before U.S. Congress ；Aug. 6, 1942)

(刈　平等ご米國

　　　　　　　（14) 合衆國憲法修正第十四條及十五條

　　Article XVI／Section I.　All persons born or naturalized in the United States,and subject

to the jurisdictionthereof, are the citizensof the United States and of the state wherein they

reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge privileges or immunities

of citizens of the United States； nor shall any State deprive any person of life,liberty,pro-

penty, without d･ue process of law ；nor deny to any person within its jurisdictionthe equal

protectionof the laws. （Sections II, Ill, IV, V are　Omitted)

　　Article XV. Section I. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shallnot be

denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color or previous

condition of servitude.

　　　　　　　(14)a　合衆國憲法修正第十四條及第十五條(和m)

第十四條　第一節　合衆國二於夕出生シ、叉刈陪化シ、其ノ管轄催二服スタスベタノ人(all

｡persons)

　｡・ヽ、合衆國及ど其ノ居住ス)V州ノ市民(citizens)タ^J。何州モ合衆國市民ノ#握或･･ヽ昆除ヲ損フ法

r.　　/'･ ■≪≪kflU.√jT4･　　　　　‥‥‥‥‥　　　　　ブI　　　　　　……lぷ"゛｀　久一　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　゛　　　　　二曹゛。　　"

　律ヲ剖定-:／、或・ヽ施行スベi7ラズ。又何州ト雖モ正常ナぞ法ノ手II 二依ラズシヲ｀何入ヨい^生命u

　由或川林産ソ奪フペ≒ガラス。叉共ノ管轄内二在ル刊人二對シタモ法律ノ平等ナ万保護(equal pro-

　tection of law）ヲ拒ムロトヲ得ズ

第二節、第三節、第四節、第五節｡・ヽ省略ス

第十五條　第一節　合衆國市民ノ投票擢（the right of citizensof the United States to vote) ･ヽ人種

　勝色（race, color）或・ヽ過.去二於ケタ服役／状態（previous condition of servitude）ニ基キ牙合衆國

　.’ヽ各州二依ワ拒絶或,・ヽ制限セラタ こ̂rトナシ　　　　　，

　　　　　　　　（15)「/IX－ズゲエA' }ヽ」は國防契約に開しては無差別を命寸

　　　On May 30 （42?）Roosevelt announced that he issued an executive order making it obligatory

for all contracts negotiated with the Unitedstates Government agencies to include provision

that ａ contractor shall not “ discriminate againstany employee or applicant for employment

becuase of race, creed, color or national origin." c註）

　（註）一九四一年六月十五日、彼は、「人種、信條。殷色或は母國に基づく」差別待遇散暦命令を我しすこ、併し其れは國防契約

　　　　に限られすこものであつすこ。

　　　　従つべE國防事項に開すゐ契約以外のものは言ふまでもなく、叉民間の個人的或は團骸的差別待遇には言及してゐない。

　　　　憲法修正第十四條及十五條ぱ原則的に右人種、信條云々に開し。「何人に對し曳も法律の平等｀なろ保護を拒むこざを得ず「

　　　‾等の明文もむろ炉、事賃上空文に等しき状態でわろ如くl--も見え乙節も多々ゐろ。　レ

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　十　　　　　　　lo川　　　。

¶ 　 　 　 　 Ｉ

参

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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　∧　　　　　　　　　。　　　　　　　loa　　べ

　　‥　　　（16）米國大審院の自由に闘する戦時判決

　　　“The U.S.‥Supreme Court ruled on Monday （May 8. 1943）that American right of freedom

of speech, press and religion　must be upheld even in war time. The highest court reversed

conviction of three members of ａ religious sect by the Texas Court."

　　　（SanFrancisco:　KGEI ; March 9, 1943)

　　　　　　　　　（17）差別待遇に開する米國の對外的要求（註-ぺ）＿

　　　“The most notable of the recent American demonstration took the formof ａ somewhat

excited and unnatural course of Congressional resolution of December　13, 1911,when　Russia

discriminated against thepeople of Jewish origin. The House Joint Resolution　166　providing

for the一一 terminationof the Treaty of 1832 between the United States

and Russia reads as-

follows : ”

　　　“Resolved, etc., that the people of the United States assert as a fundamentalprinciple that

the rights of its citizens shallnot be impaired at home or abroad because

of race or religion;

that the Government of the United Statesconcludes its treaties for the equal protection

of all

classes of its citizens, without regard torace or religion ； that the Government

of the United

stateswill not be ａ party to any treaty which discriminates,

or which by one of the parties

thereto is so construed as to discriminate, betweenAmerican citizens

on the ground of race or

religion ；that､the Government of Russia has

violated the treaty between the United Statesand

Russia as concluded at St. Petersburg, December18, 1832, refusing　to　honor American

pass- ，　　　　　　　　　r　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　－　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　’　　　　　　　　　　へ　　　　　　　s　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　・　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　●　　　　　　　　　:………二.=1,1万一j･こ･ヽ’=1-=-･;---　‥づｰﾄ　　‥　　扇&m　　－i　　　ダ　　　　　　　　　‥‥‥‥‥‥‥　‥‥　－｀　　　　　　　　　　　　’｀　　　　ダ

　portsduly issued to American citizens,on account of race and religion； for the reasons afore-

　said,ought to be terminated at the earliestpossibletime； that for -theaforesaid reasons the

　saidtreaty is hereby declared to be terminated and of no further force and effect from the

　expirationof one year after the date of notificationto the Gevernment of Russia of the terms

　ofthis resolution,and .that to this end the President is hereby charged with the duty of

　communicating such notice to the Government of Russia.”（註二）　　　　　　(KiyosueInui:“ UnsolvedProblem of the Pacific”，pp. 229-30)

　C註一）米國め東洋移民に對すゐ驀別待遇r-明すら參考資料は不必要ご思ふ

　（註二T）詳しくは上記拙著第十一章「差別ざ米國」を參照ゼられ本し

　　　　（18）黒人に對する差別的待遇に開する「フ1) ーダムー・ヽウス」の報告

　　Negro discrimination exists among labor unions today to an “ ominous ” extent, about 20

internationalunions, including eight American Federation of Labor affiliates,having more than

ａ million members, explicityexcluding Negroes from membership, according to ａ report issued

by Freedom House here today (July 11, 1942）. At leastnine other unions, with nearly 1,000,000

members, exclude Negroes by implication, the statement says.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　゛

　　“What makes this discrimination so patently vicious today is that these unions comprise

such highly skilled and indispensable war workers as machinists, boilermakers, electricians,

locomotive engineers, and railway and steamship clerks,”itholds。“War industries cannot find

too many of such workers； hence thispolicy of exclusion by the unions borders on direct inter-

ference with the Government's war effort."

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　lo圖

■'●゛

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　十　　　　　　　　　　　　　　＼　　　　　　　　　　IO収　　　犬

　　“Theぐform of discriminationvaries,”the statement says.“The Railway Mail Association,ａ

civilservice union, it adds, disqualifiedNegroes by　ａ specific constitutional　ban,some unions

resort to ａ ritualisticoath, and other unions charter‘ Jim Crow タauxiliaries.

　　“Discrimination against qualified Negroes constitutesａ form of industrialsabotage," the

statement asserts.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　犬

　　“Fortunately, significantgains in union membership have been chalked up by the Negroes,

rising within the past five or siχyears from 150,000 to 500,000.

　　“Nevertheless, the outlook is somber," the statement continues. “To the Negro seeking

only economic justice,his encouraging progress in many unions merely accentuates his bitterness

at　those　craft　unions　and　Congress　of　Industrial　Organizations　locals　which　continue　to

discriminate or to cater to blind prejudice.

　　“Ａ decisivelaw is obviously needed to assure the Negro worker that he has ａ stake both

in the war-production program and in the union movement in this country.　What the Negro

wants is some concrete evidence of good faith on the part of the government which is asking

him to fight for such ideals as the Four Freedoms. One striking eχample of good faith would

be the scrapping of all trade-union color bars.　If unions do not do this　voluntarily,then　the

Government must fulfillits obligations to its dark-skinned citizensby appropriate legislative

and administrative action." I　　　　　　　　　　　　　・　　　　・　　　　　　　　　　■

　　　　　　(“TheChristianScienseMonitor”，July 11,1942）　　　　　　　　　　　‥

｀嘗゛

第二輯　伺立、覗状維持、其の他

　　　　　（イ）褐　　立

　　　　　　　（19）「ターズグエｙト」の褐立に関する四つの主義

　　The President reiterated the four principles regarded by this　(U.S.）Government as the

foundation upon which relations between nations rest.

　　Those Principles are :

　　“1. Respect for the territorialintegrity and the sovereignty of each and all nations.

　　　2.　Support of the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries.

　　　3. Support of the principle｀of equality, including equality of commercial opportunity.

　　　4. Non-disturbance of the status quo in the pacific except as the status quo may be al-

tered by peaceful means.”

　　　　　（From “Item 10 of the Annexes to the President'sMessage to Congress”of Dec, 15, 1941)

　　　　　　　　（20）「ウA タソソ」の掲立に関する主義

　　　“We believe these fundamental things :

　　　“First,that every people has ａ right　to　choose　the　sovereignty　under　which　they shall

live. Like other nations, we have　ourselves　no　doubt　once　and　again　offended　against that・

principle when for a little while controlled by selfish　passion, as　our　franker　historians have

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　10？

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